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Sharif N, Sharif N, Khan A, Azpíroz ID, Diaz RM, Díez IDLT, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus in Bangladesh during pre-vaccination period, 1973-2023: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289032. [PMID: 38077390 PMCID: PMC10704141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus infection is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years in Bangladesh. There is lack of integrated studies on rotavirus prevalence and genetic diversity during 1973 to 2023 in Bangladesh. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and seasonal distribution of rotavirus during pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study included published articles on rotavirus A, rotavirus B and rotavirus C. We used Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar for published articles. Selected literatures were published between 1973 to 2023. Results This study detected 12431 research articles published on rotavirus. Based on the inclusion criteria, 29 of 75 (30.2%) studies were selected. Molecular epidemiological data was taken from 29 articles, prevalence data from 29 articles, and clinical symptoms from 19 articles. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus was 30.1% (95% CI: 22%-45%, p = 0.005). Rotavirus G1 (27.1%, 2228 of 8219) was the most prevalent followed by G2 (21.09%, 1733 of 8219), G4 (11.58%, 952 of 8219), G9 (9.37%, 770 of 8219), G12 (8.48%, 697 of 8219), and G3 (2.79%, 229 of 8219), respectively. Genotype P[8] (40.6%, 2548 of 6274) was the most prevalent followed by P[4] (12.4%, 777 of 6274) and P[6] (6.4%, 400 of 6274), respectively. Rotavirus G1P[8] (19%) was the most frequent followed by G2P [4] (9.4%), G12P[8] (7.2%), and G9P[8], respectively. Rotavirus infection had higher odds of occurrence during December and February (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.43-3.6, p = 0.001). Discussion This is the first meta-analysis including all the studies on prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic diversity of rotavirus from 1973 to 2023, pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study will provide overall scenario of rotavirus genetic diversity and seasonality during pre-vaccination period and aids in policy making for rotavirus vaccination program in Bangladesh. This work will add valuable knowledge for vaccination against rotavirus and compare the data after starting vaccination in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Sharif
- Department of Mathematics, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irma Domínguez Azpíroz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, United States
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bié, Angola
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Malik YS, Ansari MI, Karikalan M, Sircar S, Selvaraj I, Ghosh S, Singh K. Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus C from Rescued Sloth Bears, India: Evidence of Zooanthroponotic Transmission. Pathogens 2023; 12:934. [PMID: 37513781 PMCID: PMC10384673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the detection and molecular characterisation of rotavirus C (RVC) in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) rescued from urban areas in India. Based on an RVC VP6 gene-targeted diagnostic RT-PCR assay, 48.3% (42/87) of sloth bears tested positive for RVC infection. The VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of three sloth bear RVC isolates (UP-SB19, 21, and 37) were further analysed. The VP6 genes of RVC UP-SB21 and 37 isolates were only 37% identical. The sequence identity, TM-score from structure alignment, and selection pressure (dN/dS) of VP6 UP-SB37 with pig and human RVCs isolates were (99.67%, 0.97, and 1.718) and (99.01%, 0.93, and 0.0340), respectively. However, VP6 UP-SB21 has an identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of (84.38%, 1.0, and 0.0648) and (99.63%, 1.0, and 3.7696) with human and pig RVC isolates, respectively. The VP7 genes from UP-SB19 and 37 RVC isolates were 79.98% identical and shared identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of 88.4%, 0.76, and 5.3210, along with 77.98%, 0.77, and 4.7483 with pig and human RVC isolates, respectively. The NSP4 gene of UP-SB37 RVC isolates has an identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of 98.95%, 0.76, and 0.2907, along with 83.12%, 0.34, and 0.2133 with pig and human RVC isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the sloth bear RVC isolates assigned the isolate UP-SB37 to genotype G12, I2 for RVC structural genes VP7 and VP6, and E1 for NSP4 genes, respectively, while isolates UP-SB19 and UP-SB21 were classified as genotype G13 and GI7 based on the structural gene VP7, respectively. The study suggests that the RVCs circulating in the Indian sloth bear population are highly divergent and might have originated from pigs or humans, and further investigation focusing on the whole genome sequencing of the sloth bear RVC isolate may shed light on the virus origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Mathesh Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | | | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kalpana Singh
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
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Stockdale SR, Blanchard AM, Nayak A, Husain A, Nashine R, Dudani H, McClure CP, Tarr AW, Nag A, Meena E, Sinha V, Shrivastava SK, Hill C, Singer AC, Gomes RL, Acheampong E, Chidambaram SB, Bhatnagar T, Vetrivel U, Arora S, Kashyap RS, Monaghan TM. RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 14:100205. [PMID: 37193348 PMCID: PMC10150210 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of genomic sequencing to tackle the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. However, metagenomic sequencing of total microbial RNAs in wastewater has the potential to assess multiple infectious diseases simultaneously and has yet to be explored. Methods A retrospective RNA-Seq epidemiological survey of 140 untreated composite wastewater samples was performed across urban (n = 112) and rural (n = 28) areas of Nagpur, Central India. Composite wastewater samples were prepared by pooling 422 individual grab samples collected prospectively from sewer lines of urban municipality zones and open drains of rural areas from 3rd February to 3rd April 2021, during the second COVID-19 wave in India. Samples were pre-processed and total RNA was extracted prior to genomic sequencing. Findings This is the first study that has utilised culture and/or probe-independent unbiased RNA-Seq to examine Indian wastewater samples. Our findings reveal the detection of zoonotic viruses including chikungunya, Jingmen tick and rabies viruses, which have not previously been reported in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in 83 locations (59%), with stark abundance variations observed between sampling sites. Hepatitis C virus was the most frequently detected infectious virus, identified in 113 locations and co-occurring 77 times with SARS-CoV-2; and both were more abundantly detected in rural areas than urban zones. Concurrent identification of segmented virus genomic fragments of influenza A virus, norovirus, and rotavirus was observed. Geographical differences were also observed for astrovirus, saffold virus, husavirus, and aichi virus that were more prevalent in urban samples, while the zoonotic viruses chikungunya and rabies, were more abundant in rural environments. Interpretation RNA-Seq can effectively detect multiple infectious diseases simultaneously, facilitating geographical and epidemiological surveys of endemic viruses that could help direct healthcare interventions against emergent and pre-existent infectious diseases as well as cost-effectively and qualitatively characterising the health status of the population over time. Funding UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) grant number H54810, as supported by Research England.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M. Blanchard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Nayak
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas Husain
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupam Nashine
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemanshi Dudani
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Tarr
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Nag
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Ekta Meena
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikky Sinha
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Sandeep K. Shrivastava
- Centre for Innovation, Research & Development, Dr. B. Lal Clinical Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Acheampong
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box, LG 115, Legon, Ghana
| | - Saravana B. Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, KA, India
| | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, 590010, India
- Virology and Biotechnology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Sudipti Arora
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ates O, Yesilbag K. Characterization of bovine rotavirus isolates from diarrheic calves in Türkiye. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3063-3071. [PMID: 36689052 PMCID: PMC9870195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal calf diarrhea, which is the most common cause in calf deaths, leads to significant economic losses in dairy farming around the world. Diarrhea develops due to infectious and non-infectious reasons. Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading and predisposing factor for acute neonatal gastroenteritis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 20 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from one farm in Balıkesir province of Turkey. During virus isolation, a total of 2 stool samples were detected to produce cytopathogenic effects in MA-104 cell line. The two samples (RV-36, RV-38) were tested positive with antigen ELISA kits detecting RVA antigens. In order to detect the presence of rotavirus viral nucleic acid in cell supernatants, VP6 gene region-specific RT-PCR test was performed and the samples RV-36 and RV-38 were positive for RVA viral nucleic acid. By RT-PCR using genotype specific primers, both the isolates RV-36 and RV-38 formed amplicons compatible with G10 and P[11] genotypes of RVA. RVA nucleic acids segments were also visualized by poliacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method. The phylogenetic tree constructed according to the VP6 gene region showed that these isolates were in the Rotavirus A group and in the I2 cluster same as other bovine and some human RVA isolates. CONCLUSION Succesful isolation of RVA G10P[11] was echieved in the cattle farm. As rotaviruses play the most important role in the etiology of diarrhea in newborn calves respected genotype G10P[11] should be considered in selection of the vaccines applied to the dams. Those isolates can be further evaluated as vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozer Ates
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey ,Department of Laboratory Animals Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kadir Yesilbag
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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5
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Genz B, Gerszon J, Pollock Y, Gleeson B, Shankar R, Sellars MJ, Moser RJ. Detection and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A, B and C in eastern Australian piggeries. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:153-163. [PMID: 36651680 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) have a high prevalence in piggeries worldwide and are one of the major pathogens causing severe diarrhoea in young pigs. RV species A, B, and C have been linked to piglet diarrhoea in Australian pig herds, but their genetic diversity has not been studied in detail. Based on sequencing of the structural viral protein 7 (VP7) RVA G genotypes G3, G4 and G5, and RVC types G1, G3, G5, and G6 have been identified in Australian piggeries in previous studies. Although occurrence of RVB was reported in Australia in 1988, no further genetic analysis has been conducted. To improve health management decisions in Australian pig herds, more information on RV prevalence and genetic diversity is needed. Here, 243 enteric samples collected from 20 pig farms within Eastern Australia were analysed for the presence of RV in different age groups using a novel PCR-based multiplex assay (Pork MultiPath™ enteric panel). RVA, RVB, and RVC were detected in 10, 14, and 14 farms, respectively. Further sequencing of VP7 in selected RV-positive samples revealed G genotypes G2, G5, G9 (RVA), G6, G8, G14, G16, G20 (RVB), and G1, G3, G5, G6 (RVC) present. RVA was only detected in young (<10 weeks old) pigs whereas RVB and RVC were also detected in older animals (>11 weeks old). Interestingly, RVB and RVC G-type occurrence differed between age groups. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on the prevalence and diversity of different RV species in pig herds of Eastern Australia whilst demonstrating the ability of the Pork MultiPath™ technology to accurately differentiate between these RV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Genz
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J Gerszon
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Y Pollock
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Gleeson
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Shankar
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - R J Moser
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
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Oki H, Masuda T, Hayashi-Miyamoto M, Kawai M, Ito M, Madarame H, Fukase Y, Takemae H, Sakaguchi S, Furuya T, Mizutani T, Oba M, Nagai M. Genomic diversity and intragenic recombination of species C rotaviruses. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35175914 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus C (RVC) is a major cause of diarrhoea in swine, cattle, and humans worldwide. RVC exhibits sequence diversity in all 11 genes, especially in VP4 and VP7, and all segment-based genotyping has been performed similar to rotavirus A. To date, recombination events have been reported in rotavirus A and B. However, there are no reports describing gene recombination of RVC, except for recombination in NSP3 between RVC and rotavirus H. In this study, nine porcine RVC strains identified in Japanese pigs were completely sequenced and analysed together with RVC sequences from the GenBank database. The analyses showed that sequences of the VP4, VP2, and NSP1 of several porcine RVC strains did not branch with any of those of the RVC strains in the GenBank database, suggesting new genotypes. Several homologous recombination events, between or within genotypes, were identified in the VP4, VP7, VP2, NSP1, and NSP3 genes. Of these, nine, one, and one intergenotypic recombination events in the VP4, VP2, and NSP3 genes, respectively, were supported with sufficient statistical values. Although these findings suggest occurrences of the intragenic recombination events in the RVC genome, potential sequence errors and poor sequence assemblies in the databases should be watched with care. The results in this study present data about the important recombination events of the RVCs, which influence evolution of the virus by aiding them to gain genetic diversity and plasticity, although further sequence data will be necessary to obtain more comprehensive understanding of such mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Oki
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Seibu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Houki, Tottori 689-4213, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Kawai
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuka Fukase
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Cheng X, Wu W, Teng F, Yan Y, Li G, Wang L, Wang X, Wang R, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L, Li Y, Qiao X. Isolation and Characterization of Bovine RVA from Northeast China, 2017-2020. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121389. [PMID: 34947920 PMCID: PMC8703504 DOI: 10.3390/life11121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are major enteric pathogens causing infections in calves. To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity of bovine rotavirus (BRV), 233 fecal samples were collected from calves with diarrhea in northeast China. The samples were analyzed for sequences encoding the inner capsid protein VP6 (subgroup) and the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4 (G and P type, respectively) using RT-PCR. Ten of the 233 samples (4.3%) were identified as BRV positive and were used for virus isolation and sequence analysis, revealing that all strains analyzed were of the G6P[1] genotype. The isolates exhibited high VP6 sequence identity to the USA cow RVA NCDV strain (>99% amino acid identity) and were further shown to be closely related to Japanese cow RVA BRV101 and Israelian human RVA G6P[1] strains, with >99% amino acid identity to VP7 and VP4 proteins, respectively. Comparative analyses of genome-predicted amino acid sequences between the isolates and the NCDV strains indicated that the antigenicity and infectivity of the strains isolated had changed. In this study, BRV genotypes and the genetic diversity among vaccinated cattle herds were monitored to provide epidemiological data and references for early diagnosis, allowing for early detection of new, potentially pathogenic RVA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fei Teng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Yan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guiwei Li
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, China;
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruichong Wang
- Department for Radiological Protection, Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Han Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive, Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (X.C.); (W.W.); (F.T.); (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (X.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Roczo-Farkas S, Dunlop RH, Donato CM, Kirkwood CD, McOrist S. Rotavirus group C infections in neonatal and grower pigs in Australia. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e296. [PMID: 33870517 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus infections of neonatal and older pigs are widely reported. Analysis of rotavirus group C prevalence and diversity has not previously been reported for Australian pig farms. METHODS Twenty-seven farms with or without diarrhoea present among neonatal or older pigs were enrolled across eastern Australia. Fresh faecal samples were analysed by ELISA for rotavirus and RNA extractions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR for rotavirus. Rotavirus group C samples were genotyped via sequencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus infection was diagnosed in pigs on 10 of 19 farms investigated for neonatal diarrhoea, four with group A and six with group C; also among post-weaned (5- to 11-week-old) diarrhoeic pigs on two farms. Neonatal rotavirus group C infections were exclusively noted in piglets less than 1-week-old, consisting of farm infections with a single VP7 genotype (G5 or G6). Infections in post-weaned pigs were associated with multiple VP7 genotypes (G1, G3). This first report of rotavirus group C infections of Australian pigs suggests they may form a limited population of VP7 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Roczo-Farkas
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Hugo Dunlop
- Chris Richards and Associates, Piper Lane, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl D Kirkwood
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven McOrist
- Scolexia Pig Consultancy Co., Norwood Crescent, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Chepngeno J, Takanashi S, Diaz A, Michael H, Paim FC, Rahe MC, Hayes JR, Baker C, Marthaler D, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Comparative Sequence Analysis of Historic and Current Porcine Rotavirus C Strains and Their Pathogenesis in 3-Day-Old and 3-Week-Old Piglets. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:780. [PMID: 32395116 PMCID: PMC7197332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of porcine group C rotavirus (PRVC) in suckling piglets and the emergence of new genetically distinct PRVC strains are concerning due to the associated significant economic losses they cause to the swine industry. We sequenced and analyzed two new PRVC strains, RV0104 (G3), and RV0143 (G6) and compared their pathogenesis with that of the historic strain Cowden (G1) in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. Near complete genome sequence analysis confirmed that these two strains were distinct from one another and the Cowden strain. VP1, VP2, VP6, NSP1-NSP3, and NSP5 genes were more similar between Cowden and RV0143, whereas VP3, VP7, and NSP4 shared higher nucleotide identity between Cowden and RV0104. Three-day-old and 3-week-old Gn piglets were inoculated with 105 FFU/piglet of Cowden, RV0104 or RV0143, or mock. All 3-day-old piglets developed severe diarrhea, anorexia, and lethargy, with mean PRVC fecal shedding titers peaking and numerically higher in RV0104 and RV0143 piglets on post infection day (PID) 2. Histopathological examination of the small intestine revealed that the 3-day-old Cowden and RV0104 inoculated piglets were mildly affected, while significant destruction of small intestinal villi was observed in the RV0143 inoculated piglets. Consistent with the highest degree of pathological changes in the small intestines, the RV0143 inoculated piglets had numerically higher levels of serum IL-17 and IFN-α cytokines and numerically lower PRVC IgA geometric mean antibody titers. Milder pathological changes and overall higher titers of PRVC IgA antibodies were observed in 3-week-old vs. 3-day-old piglets. Additionally, diarrhea was only observed in RV0104 and RV0143 (but not Cowden) inoculated 3-week-old piglets, while levels of serum IL-10 and PRVC IgA antibodies were higher in Cowden inoculated pigs, consistent with the lack of diarrhea. Thus, we confirmed that these current, genetically heterogeneous PRVC strains possess distinct pathobiological characteristics that may contribute to the increased prevalence of PRVC diarrhea in neonatal suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chepngeno
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sayaka Takanashi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annika Diaz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Husheem Michael
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Francine C Paim
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Hayes
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, The Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH, United States
| | - Courtney Baker
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Douglas Marthaler
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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10
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Bhat S, Kattoor JJ, Malik YS, Sircar S, Deol P, Rawat V, Rakholia R, Ghosh S, Vlasova AN, Nadia T, Dhama K, Kobayashi N. Species C Rotaviruses in Children with Diarrhea in India, 2010-2013: A Potentially Neglected Cause of Acute Gastroenteritis. Pathogens 2018; 7:E23. [PMID: 29462971 PMCID: PMC5874749 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, children and adults are severely affected by acute gastroenteritis, caused by one of the emerging enteric pathogens, rotavirus C (RVC). At present, no extensive surveillance program is running for RVC in India, and its prevalence is largely unknown except cases of local outbreaks. Here, we intended to detect the presence of RVC in diarrheic children visiting or admitted to hospitals in Haldwani (state of Uttarakhand, India), a city located in the foothills of the Himalayas. During 2010-2013, we screened 119 samples for RVC by an RVC VP6 gene-specific RT-PCR. Of these, 38 (31.93%) were found positive, which is higher than the incidence rates reported so far from India. The phylogenetic analysis of the derived nucleotide sequences from one of the human RVC (HuRVC) isolates, designated as HuRVC/H28/2013/India, showed that the study isolate belongs to genotype I2, P2 and E2 for RVC structural genes 6 and 4 (VP6, and VP4) and non-structural gene 4 (NSP4), respectively. Furthermore, the VP6 gene of HuRVC/H28/2013/India shows the highest similarity to a recently-reported human-like porcine RVC (PoRVC/ASM140/2013/India, KT932963) from India suggesting zoonotic transmission. We also report a full-length NSP4 gene sequence of human RVC from India. Under the One-health platforms there is a need to launch combined human and animal RVC surveillance programs for a better understanding of the epidemiology of RVC infections and for implementing control strategies.Reoviridae, possess 11 double-stranded segments of RNA that encode six structural viral proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7) and five/six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP5/6) [7]. Based on the antigenic properties of the major inner capsid protein (VP6), RVs are subdivided into eight well-characterized species (A-H) and two putative species viz. I and J [8-10]. Humans and other mammalian species are affected by species A, B, C and H rotaviruses and birds by species D, F and G, and species E has been reported exclusively in pigs [7,8,11-17]. The newly-proposed species I is reported in dogs [18] and cats [19], whereas species J is found in bats [10].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Pallavi Deol
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
| | - Vinita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 139, India.
| | - Ritu Rakholia
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 139, India.
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Touil Nadia
- Laboratoire de Biosécurité et de Recherche, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Med V de Rabat; 110 000 Morocco.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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11
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Suzuki T, Hasebe A. A provisional complete genome-based genotyping system for rotavirus species C from terrestrial mammals. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2647-2662. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Suzuki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayako Hasebe
- Gifu Prefectural Central Livestock Health and Sanitation Office, Gifu, Japan
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12
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Kattoor JJ, Saurabh S, Malik YS, Sircar S, Dhama K, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Kobayashi N, Singh RK. Unexpected detection of porcine rotavirus C strains carrying human origin VP6 gene. Vet Q 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1346849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sharad Saurabh
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Tiku VR, Jiang B, Kumar P, Aneja S, Bagga A, Bhan MK, Ray P. First study conducted in Northern India that identifies group C rotavirus as the etiological agent of severe diarrhea in children in Delhi. Virol J 2017; 14:100. [PMID: 28558823 PMCID: PMC5450416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group C Rotavirus (RVC) is an enteric pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis in children and adults globally. At present there are no surveillance studies on group C Rotaviruses in India and therefore their prevalence in India remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate group C rotavirus infection among <5 years old children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in New Delhi. METHODS A total of 350 fecal specimens were collected during September 2013 to November 2014 from <5 years old diarrheal patients admitted at KSCH hospital, Delhi. The samples found negative for group A rotavirus (N = 180) by Enzyme immunoassay were screened for group C rotavirus by RT-PCR with VP6, VP7 and VP4 gene specific primers. The PCR products were further sequenced (VP6, VP7, VP4) and analyzed to ascertain their origin and G and P genotypes. RESULTS Six out of 180 (group A rotavirus negative) samples were found positive for group C rotavirus by VP6 gene specific RT-PCR, of which 3 were also found positive for VP7 and VP4 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes of these showed them to be G4 and P[2] genotypes. Overall, the nucleotide sequence data (VP6, VP7 and VP4) revealed a close relationship with the human group C rotavirus with no evidence of animal ancestry. Interestingly, the nucleotide sequence analysis of various genes also indicated differences in their origin. While the identity matrix of VP4 gene (n = 3) showed high amino acid sequence identity (97.60 to 98.20%) with Korean strain, the VP6 gene (n = 6) showed maximum identity with Nigerian strain (96.40 to 97.60%) and VP7 gene (n = 3) with Bangladeshi and USA strains. This is true for all analyzed samples. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the group C rotavirus as the cause of severe diarrhea in young children in Delhi and provides insights on the origin of group C rotavirus genes among the local strains indicating their source of transmission. Our study also highlights the need for a simple and reliable diagnostic test that can be utilized to determine the disease burden due to group C rotavirus in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Satender Aneja
- Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Maharaj Kishen Bhan
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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14
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Vlasova AN, Amimo JO, Saif LJ. Porcine Rotaviruses: Epidemiology, Immune Responses and Control Strategies. Viruses 2017; 9:v9030048. [PMID: 28335454 PMCID: PMC5371803 DOI: 10.3390/v9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals and children worldwide. Immunocompetent adults of different species become resistant to clinical disease due to post-infection immunity, immune system maturation and gut physiological changes. Of the 9 RV genogroups (A–I), RV A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) are associated with diarrhea in piglets. Although discovered decades ago, porcine genogroup E RVs (RVE) are uncommon and their pathogenesis is not studied well. The presence of porcine RV H (RVH), a newly defined distinct genogroup, was recently confirmed in diarrheic pigs in Japan, Brazil, and the US. The complex epidemiology, pathogenicity and high genetic diversity of porcine RVAs are widely recognized and well-studied. More recent data show a significant genetic diversity based on the VP7 gene analysis of RVB and C strains in pigs. In this review, we will summarize previous and recent research to provide insights on historic and current prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine RVs in different geographic regions and production systems. We will also provide a brief overview of immune responses to porcine RVs, available control strategies and zoonotic potential of different RV genotypes. An improved understanding of the above parameters may lead to the development of more optimal strategies to manage RV diarrheal disease in swine and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Joshua O Amimo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197, Kenya.
- Bioscience of Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi 30709, Kenya.
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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15
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Zhirakovskaia E, Tikunov A, Klemesheva V, Loginovskikh N, Netesov S, Tikunova N. First genetic characterization of rotavirus C in Russia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Genetic heterogeneity of the VP6 gene and predominance of G6P[5] genotypes of Brazilian porcine rotavirus C field strains. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Eren E, Zamuda K, Patton JT. Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. Virology 2016; 487:150-62. [PMID: 26524514 PMCID: PMC4679652 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kimberly Zamuda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John T Patton
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Theuns S, Vyt P, Desmarets LMB, Roukaerts IDM, Heylen E, Zeller M, Matthijnssens J, Nauwynck HJ. Presence and characterization of pig group A and C rotaviruses in feces of Belgian diarrheic suckling piglets. Virus Res 2015; 213:172-183. [PMID: 26677793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of group A and C rotaviruses (RVA and RVC) in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in Belgian suckling pigs is poorly investigated, and it is not known which strains are circulating in the Belgian suckling pig population. Obtaining better insights in the occurrence of both viral species in the swine population is essential in order to develop accurate diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to protect suckling pigs against diarrhea in a durable manner. In the present study, viral loads of RVA and RVC were quantified in diarrhea samples of suckling piglets less than 2 weeks old, collected on 36 different Belgian farms. On 22 of 36 farms tested (61%), high viral loads of RVA (6.96-11.95 log10 copies/g feces) and/or RVC (5.40-11.63 log10 copies/g feces) were detected. Seventeen RVA isolates were genotyped for their outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4. Four different G-genotypes (G3, G4, G5 and G9) for VP7 were found together with 4 different P-genotypes (P[6], P[7], P[13] and P[23]) for VP4, in 8 different G/P combinations. All characterized RVC strains belonged to genotype G6 (VP7), except for one strain possessing the G1 genotype. VP4 genes of Belgian RVC strains were genetically heterogeneous, but were classified in the genotype P5. Most rotavirus positive samples also contained Escherichia coli, whereas Clostridium perfringens infections were mainly detected in rotavirus negative samples. Results of the present study offer better insights in the occurrence of RVA and RVC infections in Belgian diarrheic suckling piglets. As a conclusion, routine diagnostic testing for both viral species in cases of diarrhea in suckling pigs is highly recommended. Furthermore, the present findings also offer valuable information for the development of new prophylactic measures against rotavirus. Finally, the relatedness between RVC strains from pigs and other host species is described, and their possible implications in interspecies transmission events are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Theuns
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Lowiese M B Desmarets
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Inge D M Roukaerts
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Dóró R, Farkas SL, Martella V, Bányai K. Zoonotic transmission of rotavirus: surveillance and control. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1337-50. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1089171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Marton S, Mihalov-Kovács E, Dóró R, Csata T, Fehér E, Oldal M, Jakab F, Matthijnssens J, Martella V, Bányai K. Canine rotavirus C strain detected in Hungary shows marked genotype diversity. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3059-3071. [PMID: 26297005 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species C rotaviruses (RVC) have been identified in humans and animals, including pigs, cows and ferrets. In dogs, RVC strains have been reported anecdotally on the basis of visualization of rotavirus-like virions by electron microscopy combined with specific electrophoretic migration patterns of the genomic RNA segments. However, no further molecular characterization of these viruses was performed. Here, we report the detection of a canine RVC in the stool of a dog with enteritis. Analysis of the complete viral genome uncovered distinctive genetic features of the identified RVC strain. The genes encoding VP7, VP4 and VP6 were distantly related to those of other RVC strains and were putatively classified as G10, P8 and I8, respectively. The new strain was named RVC/Dog-wt/HUN/KE174/2012/G10P[8]. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that canine RVC was most closely related to bovine RVC strains with the exception of the NSP4 gene, which clustered together with porcine RVC strains. These findings provide further evidence for the genetic diversity of RVC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Marton
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Eszter Mihalov-Kovács
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Renáta Dóró
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Tünde Csata
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Enikő Fehér
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Miklós Oldal
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, S.p. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
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Jeong YJ, Matthijnssens J, Kim DS, Kim JY, Alfajaro MM, Park JG, Hosmillo M, Son KY, Soliman M, Baek YB, Kwon J, Choi JS, Kang MI, Cho KO. Genetic diversity of the VP7, VP4 and VP6 genes of Korean porcine group C rotaviruses. Vet Microbiol 2015; 176:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phylogenetic analysis of human group C rotavirus circulating in Brazil reveals a potential unique NSP4 genetic variant and high similarity with Asian strains. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:969-86. [PMID: 25501310 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Group C rotaviruses (RVC) cause gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide, and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role has been recently provided. To gain information on the genetic diversity and relationships between human and animal RVC, we sequenced the VP4, VP7, and NSP4 genes of 12, 19, and 15 human strains, respectively, detected in São Paulo state during historical (1988 and 1993) and recent (2007 and 2008) Brazilian rotavirus surveillance. All RVC strains analyzed in the present study grouped into human genotype (G4-P[2]-E2), and did not show any evidence of animal ancestry. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RVC samples detected in 1988 and 1993 clustered together with strains from distinct continents, indicating that historical RVC strains circulating in São Paulo were closely related to those strains circulating worldwide. All three genes (VP7, VP4 and NSP4) of São Paulo RVC strains isolated in 2007-2008 exhibited close phylogenetic relationship with human RVC strains isolated in China and Japan, suggesting that they are genetically linked, and that a gene flow could be occurring between this Asian countries and Brazil. We identified two distinct clusters in the NSP4 phylogenetic tree. One cluster formed exclusively by human Brazilian strains detected in 1997 and 2003-2004 in Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and Rio Grande do Sul states (Subgroup II) previously described in a different study, that displayed low sequence identities to other human strains formerly published, and to the Brazilian RVC strains (Subgroup I) characterized in the present study. These data suggests the circulation of two genetic profiles of the NSP4 gene in Brazil. High sequence diversity in NSP4 gene was previously reported in Asia, and additional diversity in NSP4 RVC strains spreading in the world should be expected. More in-depth molecular and epidemiological analysis of human RVC throughout the world will be needed to understand their diversity and clarify their evolution, as well as to develop classifications schemes.
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Analysis of genetic divergence among strains of porcine rotavirus C, with focus on VP4 and VP7 genotypes in Japan. Virus Res 2014; 197:26-34. [PMID: 25499298 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus C (RVC) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhoea in suckling and weaned pigs. Surveillance studies of RVCs have demonstrated high prevalence in the United States, and Japan, and some other countries. To date, the zoonotic impact and pathogenicity of RVCs are not well understood, and only a few complete sequences of RVCs are available. The aim of this study was to perform sequence and phylogenetic analyses for the VP4 and VP7 genes of the 22 porcine RVCs identified in Japan from 2002 to 2010. The genetic classification of the VP4 genes of the 22 porcine RVCs revealed the presence of six clusters including one cluster each from human and bovine RVCs with a cut-off value of 80%. In addition, VP7 genes of the 22 porcine RVCs were grouped into four of the seven known clusters on the basis of cut-off values of 85% at the nucleotide level reported previously. The data presented here demonstrate that multiple porcine RVC strains with distinctive genotypes based on a combination of the VP4 and VP7 genes are widely distributed and circulated among farms throughout Japan. According to establishment of dual genetic classification for VP4 and VP7 genotypes of porcine RVCs, furthermore, we discovered a possible event of gene reassortment between different rotavirus strains from the same farm. Our findings should advance the understanding of the evolution and pathogenicity of RVCs.
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VP6 gene diversity in 11 Brazilian strains of porcine group C rotavirus. Virus Genes 2014; 50:142-6. [PMID: 25331342 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Porcine group C rotavirus (RVC) is recognised as an enteric pathogen in piglets worldwide. The VP6 gene of RVC is divided into seven I-genotypes. Genotypes I2 and I3 are found in human and bovine strains, respectively; the porcine strains are divided into the other five genotypes (I1, I4-I7). In this study, molecular analysis of nearly the full length of the VP6 gene was performed in 11 Brazilian wild-type porcine RVC strains identified in diarrhoeic faecal samples, which were collected from eight pig farms located in five Brazilian states from piglets of 1-4 weeks of age. The nucleotide sequences of the VP6 gene showed 82.9-100 % identity between the Brazilian strains, 84.9-93.1 % with the prototype Cowden strain, and 82.4-92.2 % with other porcine RVC strains. In the 11 diarrhoeic faecal samples analysed in this study, three distinct porcine RVC genotypes (I1, I5, and I6) were identified and none were predominant. The results presented in this study revealed a high nucleotide diversity of the VP6 gene in porcine RVC field strains circulating in Brazil, which highlights the importance of further epidemiological and molecular surveys worldwide.
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Phylogenetic characterization of VP6 gene (inner capsid) of porcine rotavirus C collected in Japan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:223-7. [PMID: 24929122 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus C (RVC) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling and weaned pigs. Previous surveillance studies using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in some countries including Japan and the United States have demonstrated a high prevalence of porcine RVCs. In order to understand the phylogenetic relatedness of RVCs, we performed genetic analysis of VP6 gene encoding inner capsid protein by using 22 porcine RVC strains collected in Japan from 2002 to 2010. Comparative analyses of the VP6 nucleotide and amino acid sequences from these porcine RVCs exhibited lower sequence identities than those from human and bovine RVCs. The phylogenetic analysis of VP6 gene of RVC indicated the presence of seven clusters (tentatively assigned I1-I7) according to host species with cut-off values of 87% at the nucleotide level, and VP6 genes of porcine RVCs were divided into five genotypes. These findings indicate that multiple porcine RVC strains with distinctive genotypes are broadly spreading and circulating among farms in Japan. Our data may provide important insights in understanding evolutionary dynamics of RVCs.
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Mawatari T, Hirano K, Tsunemitsu H, Suzuki T. Whole-genome analysis of bovine rotavirus species C isolates obtained in Yamagata, Japan, 2003–2010. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1117-1125. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An epidemic of diarrhoea in adult cows occurred at a total of 105 dairy farms in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, between 2003 and 2010. Reverse transcription-PCR diagnostic tests revealed the presence of bovine rotavirus species C (RVCs) in samples from each of six farms (5.7 %). In this study, we determined the full-length nucleotide sequences of 11 RNA segments from six bovine RVC strains and investigated genetic diversity among them, including two bovine RVC strains identified in a previous study. Comparisons of all segmental nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences among bovine RVCs indicated high identities across all genes except for the VP4 gene. Phylogenetic analysis of each gene revealed that the six bovine RVCs belonged to a bovine cluster distinct from human and porcine RVCs. Bovine RVC strains could be clearly divided into two lineages of the VP4 genes. The nucleotide sequence identity for VP4 genes between lineage I and II was 83.7–84.8 %. Moreover, bovine RVC strains belonging to lineage I exhibited one amino acid deletion and three amino acid insertions, which differed for those strains belonging to lineage II. Our data suggest that multiple bovine RVCs originated from a common ancestor, but had different genetic backgrounds, not only in Yamagata Prefecture but also in the rest of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mawatari
- Yamagata Prefectural Central Livestock Health and Sanitation Office, Yamagata, 990-2161 Japan
| | - Kaori Hirano
- Yamagata Prefectural Central Livestock Health and Sanitation Office, Yamagata, 990-2161 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsunemitsu
- Dairy Hygiene Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido, 062-0045 Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
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Luchs A, Cilli A, Morillo SG, de Cassia Compagnoli Carmona R, do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky M. Rotavirus in adults, Brazil, 2004–2011: G2P[4] dominance and potential impact on vaccination. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 18:53-9. [PMID: 24076114 PMCID: PMC9425225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to monitor rotavirus (RV) infections in adults >18 years with acute gastroenteritis during 2004–2011 national Brazilian RV surveillance. In addition, to characterize the RV group A (RVA) strains in order to gain insight into the supposed vaccine selective pressure imposed to Brazilian children population. Methods A total of 2102 convenient fecal specimens were investigated by ELISA, PAGE, and RT-PCR. Results RV was detected in 203 (9.6%) of 2102 specimens, and showed a marked peak of detection in September. RVA infection was detected in 9.4% (197/2102) and RV group C (RVC) in 0.3% (6/2102). The most frequent genotypes detected in 2004 and 2005 were G9P[8] (38.5%; 5/13) and G1P[8] (54.5%; 6/11), respectively. The dominant genotype identified from 2006 to 2011 was G2P[4] (64.4%; 116/180). Detection rate varied during the 8-year period of the study from 0.7% to 12.9%. Conclusion The high detection rate of G2P[4] in adults provides further evidence that its dominance reflects the seasonality of RVA strains instead of the supposed selective advantage created by vaccination program. It also can be suggested that adult infections may serve as a reservoir to maintain RVA strains in childhood gastroenteritis. Considering the detection rate, the evident reduction of RVA frequency observed in children after vaccine introduction was not present in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luchs
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Center, Enteric Disease Laboratory, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Audrey Cilli
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Center, Enteric Disease Laboratory, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Guadagnucci Morillo
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Center, Enteric Disease Laboratory, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Marthaler D, Rossow K, Culhane M, Collins J, Goyal S, Ciarlet M, Matthijnssens J. Identification, phylogenetic analysis and classification of porcine group C rotavirus VP7 sequences from the United States and Canada. Virology 2013; 446:189-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oh HK, Hong SH, Ahn BY, Min HK. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Rotavirus Genotypes Originated from Children < 5 Years of Age in 16 Cities in South Korea, between 2000 and 2004. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 3:36-42. [PMID: 24159485 PMCID: PMC3738675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of the G and P types of human rotavirus strains isolated in South Korea during 2000 to 2004. Methods We selected 38 Group A rotavirus isolates among 652 fecal samples, which were collected from infants and children < 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea admitted in 8 hospitals representative of five provinces of South Korea between 2000 and 2004. Rotavirus P- and G-genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results One G1P[4] consisted G1-Id-P[4]-V; one G1P[6] consisted G1-Id-P[6]-Ia; nine G1P[8] consisted G1-Ib-P[8]-Ia (n=3), G1-Ic-P[8]-Ia (n=1), and G1-Id-P[8]-Ia (n=5); 13 G2P[4] consisted G2-V-P[4]-V; two G3P[4] consisted G3-IIId-P[4]-V; five G3P[8] consisted G3-IIId-P[8]-Ia; four G4P[6] consisted G4-Ie-P[6]-Ia; two G4P[8] consisted G4-Ie-P[8]-II; one G9P[6] consisted G9-III-P[6]-Ia. Conclusions A considerable amount of rotavirus genotypic diversity was detected in South Korea from 2000 to 2004. These findings are important to develop the effective vaccines and to undertake epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyung Oh
- National Center for Lot Release, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food & Drug Administration, Osong, Korea. ; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Kumazaki M, Usuku S. Epidemiological and genetic analysis of human group C rotaviruses isolated from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Yokohama, Japan, between 2006 and 2012. Arch Virol 2013; 159:761-71. [PMID: 24154950 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Group C rotavirus (GCRV) infection has been described in several parts of the world, predominantly as sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. Little is known about the yearly changes in the GCRV strains from diarrheal outbreaks. Stool samples collected from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Yokohama, Japan, between 2006 and 2012 that were negative for norovirus, sapovirus, and group A rotavirus, were screened for GCRV using a reverse passive hemagglutination method. The GCRV strains were characterized by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of their VP6, VP7, VP4, and NSP4 genes. Samples from nine of 735 outbreaks in Yokohama (1 %) contained GCRV, and eight of these outbreaks occurred in primary schools. The nucleotide sequences of the strains detected in this study were more closely related to Asian strains than to those from other regions of the world. The nucleotide sequences of the VP7 gene in these nine strains differed, and yearly changes were observed in the amino acid sequences of the VP4 genes. Phylogenetic trees constructed using the nucleotide sequences of the VP6, VP7, VP4, and NSP4 genes showed that sublineage S1 has divided into S1-1 and S1-2 in the VP4 gene only. Our results confirm that the prevalent strains of GCRV change yearly in Yokohama. This is the first study to demonstrate GCRV-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks in Yokohama, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kumazaki
- Department of Testing and Research, Yokohama City Institute of Health, Takigashira 1-2-17, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 235-0012, Japan,
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Baek IH, Than VT, Kim H, Lim I, Kim W. Full genomic characterization of a group C rotavirus isolated from a child in south Korea. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1478-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Hyuk Baek
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hakyoung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Inseok Lim
- Department of Pediatrics; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Medical Sciences; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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Amimo J, Vlasova A, Saif L. Prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of porcine group C rotaviruses in nursing and weaned piglets in Ohio, USA and identification of a potential new VP4 genotype. Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:27-38. [PMID: 23428382 PMCID: PMC4094028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Swine fecal samples collected from seven farms were screened for group C rotaviruses (RVCs) using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. A total of 380 samples were tested and 19.5% were positive. Of the 128 samples collected in 2012, 23.5% from nursing piglets and 8.5% from weaned piglets were RVC positive, with a higher RVC frequency in diarrheic (28.4%) than in non-diarrheic (6.6%) piglets. Two strains (RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0104/2011/G3PX and RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0143/2012/G6Px) from two different farms were characterized genetically to gain information on virus diversity based on full length sequences of the inner capsid VP6, enterotoxin NSP4 and the outer capsid VP7 and VP4 (partial for RV0104) genes. The VP6 gene of the two strains showed high (99%) nucleotide identity to one another, 84-91% identity to other porcine RVCstrains and 81-82% identity to human and bovine RVC strains. The NSP4 gene analysis revealed that RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0104/2011/G3PX and RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0143/2012/G6Px strains were not closely related to each other (87% identity), but shared higher identity with prototype RVC/Pig-wt/USA/Cowden/1980/G1Px strain (93% and 89%, respectively) and were more distantly related to human strains (72-76% identity). The VP7 gene analysis indicated that the two strains were distantly related to one another (72% identity). RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0143/2012/G6Px was most closely related to porcine RVC G6 strains (82-86% identity), whereas RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0104/2011/G3PX was most closely related to porcine HF (G3) strain (94% identity). Analysis of the full length nucleotide sequence of the VP4 gene revealed that RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0143/2012/G6Px was distantly related to porcine (75%), bovine (74%) and human (70%) strains. The deduced amino acid identities (69.5-75.6%) of VP4 between RVC/Pig-wt/USA/RV0143/2012/G6Px and other RVCs were low; hence, we propose that this strain comprises a new VP4 genotype. Our results indicate high genetic heterogeneity in RVCs genes and the concurrent co-circulation of different genotypes at the same time. Our findings are useful for the development of more accurate diagnostic tools, for basic research to understand gene function and to provide information for RVC diversity germane to vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.O. Amimo
- Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, Dept Vet Prev Med, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, 44691 OH, United States
- Dept of Animal Production, Faculty of Vet Med, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - A.N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, Dept Vet Prev Med, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, 44691 OH, United States
| | - L.J. Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, Dept Vet Prev Med, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, 44691 OH, United States
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Ward P, Poitras E, Leblanc D, Gagnon CA, Brassard J, Houde A. Comparison of different RT-qPCR assays for the detection of human and bovine group A rotaviruses and characterization by sequences analysis of genes encoding VP4 and VP7 capsid proteins. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1435-48. [PMID: 23421708 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four RT-qPCR assays for the detection of human and bovine group A rotaviruses and to characterize the positive samples by sequence analysis of VP4 and VP7 genes. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA extracted from eight human rotavirus strains, and a panel of 33 human and 25 bovine faecal samples was subjected to different RT-qPCR detection systems. Among these assays, only RT-qPCR primers and probe systems B and C were able to detect all human rotavirus strains from cell culture solutions and faecal samples. However, the results showed that the system C was generally more sensitive by one or two logs than the other RT-qPCR assays tested. With the bovine faecal samples, the most efficient RT-qPCR systems were B and A with the detection in 100 and 92% of samples tested, respectively. Human group A rotavirus G1P[8] and bovine G6P[11] were the most frequently used strains identified in this study. A G3P[9] strain, closely related to a feline rotavirus isolated in the USA, was also discovered in a human rotavirus infection. CONCLUSION The RT-qPCR system B was the only TaqMan assay evaluated in this study able to detect rotavirus RNA in all positive human and bovine faecal samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Utilization of only one RT-qPCR for the detection of human and bovine group A rotaviruses and the possibility of human infection by a feline rotavirus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ward
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Soma J, Tsunemitsu H, Miyamoto T, Suzuki G, Sasaki T, Suzuki T. Whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus C strains: Shintoku and Toyama. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:128-135. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus C (RVC) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. Because it is difficult to cultivate RVCs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for RVCs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. Although whole-genome sequences of one porcine RVC and seven human RVC strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine RVC strain. In the present study, we first determined the nucleotide sequences for five as-yet underresearched genes, including the NSP4 gene, from a cultivable bovine RVC, the Shintoku strain, identified in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, in 1991. In addition, we elucidated the ORF sequences of all segments from another bovine RVC, the Toyama strain, detected in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in 2010, in order to investigate genetic divergence among bovine RVCs. Comparison of segmental nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences among RVCs indicates high identity among bovine RVCs and low identity between human and porcine RVCs. Phylogenetic analysis of each gene showed that the two bovine RVCs belong to a cluster distinct from human and porcine RVCs. These data demonstrate that RVCs can be classified into different genotypes according to host species. Moreover, RVC NSP1, NSP2 and VP1 amino acid sequences contain a unique motif that is highly conserved among rotavirus A (RVA) strains and, hence, several proteins from bovine RVCs are suggested to play important roles that are similar to those of RVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Soma
- Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsunemitsu
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Toyama Prefectural Tobu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Toyama 939-3536, Japan
| | - Goro Suzuki
- Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Group B rotavirus infection in patients with acute gastroenteritis from India: 1994–1995 and 2004–2010. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:969-75. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYFaecal specimens collected from 2101 patients with acute gastroenteritis from three cities (Pune, Alappuzha, Belgaum) in India during 1994–1995 and 2004–2010 were tested for group B rotavirus (RVB) by amplification of theNSP2gene using RT–PCR. Seventy-five (3·6%) specimens were shown to contain RVB RNA. The positivity rate in Pune, Alappuzha and Belgaum was 4·1%, 7·3% and 4·1%, respectively, in the 2000s which was not significantly different from the detection rate in the 1990s in Pune (2·5%,P>0·05). RVB infections prevailed in adolescents and adults (62/1082, 5·7%) compared to children (13/1019, 1·3%,P<0·001) and were detected throughout the year. Phylogenetically, all strains clustered in an NSP2 lineage together with Indian-Bangladeshi RVB strains belonging to VP7 genotype G2. The study confirmed the occurrence of RVB infections in western India and reported for the first time circulation of RVB strains in southern India, suggesting that an increased awareness and monitoring for RVB infections is necessary in India.
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Lee SG, Youn SH, Oh MH, Rhee OJ, Oh S, Paik SY. Molecular characterization of two strains of porcine group C rotavirus. J Microbiol 2011; 49:1058-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ghosh S, Kobayashi N. Whole-genomic analysis of rotavirus strains: current status and future prospects. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:1049-65. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on genetic diversity of rotaviruses have been primarily based on the genes encoding the antigenically significant VP7 and VP4 proteins. Since the rotavirus genome has 11 segments of RNA that are vulnerable to reassortment events, analyses of the VP7 and VP4 genes may not be sufficient to obtain conclusive data on the overall genetic diversity, or true origin of strains. In the last few years following the advent of the whole-genome-based genotype classification system, the whole genomes of at least 167 human group A rotavirus strains have been analyzed, providing a plethora of new and important information on the complex origin of strains, inter- and intra-genogroup reassortment events, animal–human reassortment events, zoonosis, and genetic linkages involving different group A rotavirus gene segments. In addition, the whole genomes of a limited number of human group B, C and novel group rotavirus strains have been analyzed. This article briefly reviews the available data on whole-genomic analysis of human rotavirus strains. The significance and future prospects of whole-genome-based studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S 1, W 17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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Araújo IT, Heinemann MB, Fialho AM, Leite JPG. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Group C Rotavirus in Brazil. Intervirology 2011; 54:261-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000321350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Yamamoto D, Ghosh S, Kuzuya M, Wang YH, Zhou X, Chawla-Sarkar M, Paul SK, Ishino M, Kobayashi N. Whole-genome characterization of human group C rotaviruses: identification of two lineages in the VP3 gene. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:361-9. [PMID: 21048036 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.027375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group C rotavirus (GCRV) is distributed worldwide as an enteric pathogen in humans and animals. However, to date, whole-genome sequences are available only for a human strain (Bristol) and a porcine strain (Cowden). To investigate the genetic diversity of human GCRVs, nearly full-length sequences of all 11 RNA segments were determined for human GCRVs detected recently in India (v508), Bangladesh (BS347), China (Wu82 and YNR001) and Japan (OH567 and BK0830) and analysed phylogenetically with sequence data for GCRVs published previously. All the RNA segments of human GCRV strains except for the VP3 gene showed high levels of conservation (>93 % nucleotide sequence identity, >92 % amino acid sequence identity), belonging to a single genetic cluster distinct from those of animal GCRVs. In contrast, the VP3 genes of human GCRVs could be discriminated into two clusters, designated M2 and M3, that were distinguished phylogenetically from those of porcine and bovine GCRVs (clusters M1 and M4, respectively). Between M2 and M3, amino acid sequence identity of the VP3 gene was 84.1-84.7 %, whereas high identities were observed within each cluster (92.3-97.6 % for M2, 98.2-99.3 % for M3). Sequence divergence among the four VP3 clusters was observed throughout the amino acid sequence except for conserved motifs, including those possibly related to enzyme functions of VP3. The presence of obvious genetic diversity only in the VP3 gene among human GCRVs suggested that either the M2 or M3 VP3 gene of human GCRVs might have been derived through reassortment from an animal GCRV or from an unidentified human GCRV strain belonging to a novel genogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Yamamoto
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Matthijnssens J, Martella V, Van Ranst M. Genomic evolution, host-species barrier, reassortment and classification of rotaviruses. Future Virol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.10.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Yamamoto D, Ghosh S, Ganesh B et al.: Analysis on genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human group B rotaviruses based on whole genome segments. J. Gen. Virol. 91(Pt 7), 1772–1781 (2010). Rotaviruses are members of the Reoviridae family, causing severe diarrheal illness and death in humans and animals. They have been subdivided into at least seven serological groups (A–G), and, recently, a new rotavirus known as ‘new adult diarrhea virus’ or ADRV-N was discovered. Only in group A rotaviruses have a substantial number of strains been analyzed completely on the molecular level. For groups B, C and ADRV-N rotaviruses a very limited number of complete genomes are available, and for group D, E and F no sequence data are available at all. Here, Yamamoto and colleagues describe the full genomic characterization of four human group B rotaviruses isolated in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. These four strains were analyzed phylogenetically and individual gene segments were compared with their group A and C counterparts, indicating that functionally important motifs and structural characteristics were conserved. This study, together with others, highlights the need for complete genome analysis of rotaviruses, in order to study their genetic evolution, the occurrence of reassortments, crossing of the host-species barrier and their classification. Upcoming new mass sequencing technologies are expected to speed up the process of filling in the gaps in our data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mdici K, Barry A, Alfieri A, Alfieri A. VP6 gene diversity in Brazilian strains of porcine group C rotavirus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:506-13. [DOI: 10.4238/vol9-1gmr715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Mitui MT, Bozdayi G, Dalgic B, Bostanci I, Nishizono A, Ahmed K. Molecular characterization of a human group C rotavirus detected first in Turkey. Virus Genes 2009; 39:157. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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43
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Castello AA, Argüelles MH, Rota RP, Humphrey CD, Olthoff A, Gentsch JR, Glass RI, Glikmann G, Jiang B. Detection and characterization of group C rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1997-2003. J Med Virol 2009; 81:1109-16. [PMID: 19382268 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The role of group C rotaviruses as a cause of diarrhea was examined among children <17 years of age admitted to a Hospital in a suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1997 and 2003. A total of 1,579 fecal samples were screened for group A (RVA) and C (RVC) rotaviruses by two in-house ELISA methods at Quilmes University (UNQ-ELISA). Samples positive, doubtful and negative by RVC specific UNQ-ELISA (n = 246) were examined further for RVC by another in-house ELISA (CDC-ELISA), electron microscopy, RT-PCR, nested PCR, and Southern hybridization. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for each test were determined. While the sensitivity was comparable for the nested PCR and CDC-ELISA methods (82.5%), the molecular methods were slightly more specific. Poorly preserved particles were often seen in fecal samples, suggesting that degradation of RNA could be a factor influencing the performance of molecular methods. The incidence of RVC was estimated to be 3% without apparent differences among seasons. RVC infected patients had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher median age (6 years vs. 1 year) than those with RVA infection. Sequence of the RVC VP7 gene from six Argentinean strains and sequences reported previously in different countries showed high nucleotide (94.4-99.9%) sequence identities, indicating a high degree of conservation for human RVC VP7 genes among strains collected on five continents over a period of 17 years. These findings indicate that RVC is a significant cause of diarrhea and it is necessary to develop simple and sensitive serological methods for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Castello
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Clark KB, Lin SC, Humphrey C, Foytich K, Esona M, Wang Y, Liu M, Jiang B. Expression and characterization of human group C rotavirus virus-like particles in insect cells. Virology 2009; 387:267-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jeong YJ, Park SI, Hosmillo M, Shin DJ, Chun YH, Kim HJ, Kwon HJ, Kang SY, Woo SK, Park SJ, Kim GY, Kang MI, Cho KO. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine group C rotaviruses in South Korea. Vet Microbiol 2009; 138:217-24. [PMID: 19362434 PMCID: PMC7117287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Group C rotaviruses (GCRVs) cause acute diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role of GCRVs has been recently provided. However, there is little evidence of porcine GCRV infections or of their genetic diversity in South Korea. We examined 137 diarrheic fecal specimens from 55 farms collected from six provinces. RT-PCR utilizing primer pairs specific for the GCRV VP6 gene detected GCRV-positive reactions in 36 (26.2%) diarrheic fecal samples. Of these, 17 samples (12.4%) tested positive for porcine GCRVs alone and 19 samples (13.8%) were also positive for other pathogens. Other enteric pathogens except for GCRV were detected in 64 feces samples (46.7%) and no enteric pathogens were evident in 37 feces samples (27.0%). Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses of GCRV partial VP6 gene between 23 Korean and other known porcine GCRVs demonstrated that Korean strains belonged to the porcine lineage. Furthermore, one Korean porcine strain shared the highest nucleotide (89.7–89.0%) and deduced amino acid sequence (92.9–93.9%) identities with bovine GCRV strains and was placed in the bovine GCRV lineage indicative of bovine origin. In conclusion, porcine GCRV infections are widespread in piglets with diarrhea in South Korea. The infecting porcine GCRVs mostly belong to the porcine lineage with the exception of one bovine-like GCRV, which possibly originated from bovine GCRV due to interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Jeong
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Medici MC, Abelli LA, Martinelli M, Martella V, Dettori G, Chezzi C. Molecular characterization of group C rotaviruses detected in children in Italy. J Clin Virol 2009; 44:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gabbay YB, Borges AA, Oliveira DS, Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JDP, Barardi CRM, Simões CMO, Wang Y, Glass RI, Jiang B. Evidence for zoonotic transmission of group C rotaviruses among children in Belém, Brazil. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1666-74. [PMID: 18649333 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and potential zoonotic transmission of group C rotavirus (RVC) were examined by testing fecal samples collected from children during a longitudinal study that was carried out in the outskirts of Belém, Brazil, from December 1982 to March 1986. The study involved a group of 30 children who were followed from birth to 3 years. Of the 77 samples tested from 29 children, 5 (6.5%) were positive for human and 3 (4%) for porcine RVC by using nested PCR assay with primers specific for VP6 gene of human or porcine RVC and by Southern hybridization using a probe specific for VP6 gene of both human and porcine RVC. In addition, a total of 59 fecal specimens from the 30th child were tested, 1 (1.7%) and 14 (23.7%) were positive for human and porcine RVC, respectively. Partial nucleotide sequences of VP6 gene demonstrated that the six human strains detected in Brazil were homologous with other human RVC, and 14 of the 17 porcine RVC strains examined showed a complete homology among themselves but differed slightly from the porcine Cowden strain, suggesting that a single porcine RVC strain was circulating in Belém. This study is the first to provide evidence for transmission of RVC from swine to human. They also indicate that both human and porcine RVC were endemic in Belém.
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Genetic characterization of group C rotavirus isolated from a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Virus Genes 2008; 37:314-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Detection and characterization of group C rotaviruses in asymptomatic piglets in Ireland. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2973-9. [PMID: 18632912 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00809-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group C rotaviruses are important human enteric pathogens that have also been detected in a variety of mammalian species, including pigs. Group C rotaviruses have been identified in piglets with diarrhea, but their ecology remains to be elucidated. By screening of 292 fecal samples collected from 4- to 5-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in Ireland between 2005 and 2007, 13 (4.4%) samples tested positive by reverse transcription-PCR for group C rotavirus. Group A rotaviruses were also detected in 19 samples but not in conjunction with group C viruses. The gene encoding the major group C neutralization antigen, the outer capsid protein VP7, was sequenced. The majority of the strains were very closely related to each other (>99% amino acid [aa] identity) and were characterized as genogroup G1 since they were genetically related to the prototype porcine strain Cowden (92.6% aa identity). Conversely, two strains (1GA/05/Cork/Ire and 281/07/Dublin/Ire) were characterized as genogroup G6 since they displayed the highest identity (89.2 to 94.0% aa) to porcine G6 strains (43/06-22-like). Unexpectedly, one such G6 strain, 1GA/05/Cork/Ire, lacked the 4-aa insertion in the VP7 variable region VR8 found in all the other G6 group C rotaviruses. This study provides evidence that porcine group C rotavirus may be detected not infrequently in asymptomatic piglets. In addition, it provides evidence that, unlike the human viruses, porcine group C rotaviruses display broad genetic heterogeneity, which may pose a challenge for the development of prophylactic tools.
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Prevalence of group C rotavirus among children in Rhode Island, United States. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:221-4. [PMID: 18374629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group C rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in humans but its burden as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiology and burden of group C rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Rhode Island, United States. STUDY DESIGN Diarrhea stool specimens from 124 children < or =10 years of age were collected, screened for group C and A rotavirus by EIA specific for each group, and further examined by nested PCR and Southern hybridization using primers and probes specific to the VP7 gene of human group C rotavirus. Group C rotavirus-positive fecal specimens were also examined by EM. RESULTS Rotavirus was detected in 73 (59.0%) of 124 fecal samples. These included 53 (42.7%) positive for group A, 5 (4.0%) for group C and 15 (12.1%) for both group A and C rotaviruses. Examination of group C-positive samples by EM revealed the presence of largely empty or damaged rotavirus-like particles. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that group C rotavirus is an important cause or a contributing cause of diarrhea among infants and older children in Rhode Island, United States.
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