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Boliukh I, Rombel-Bryzek A, Bułdak RJ. Lectins in oncology and virology: Mechanisms of anticancer activity and SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133664. [PMID: 38969035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin with carbohydrate-binding properties. They are found both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The most abundant source of the lectins are plants. Many lectins have anticancer effects by directly exerting cytotoxic effects on malignant cells or indirectly activating the immune system. Lectins also have antiviral activities. These proteins can recognise glycoproteins on the surface of enveloped viruses and bind to them. This creates a physical barrier between them and the corresponding receptors on the surface of the host cell, which prevents the virus from entering the cell and can thus effectively inhibit the replication of the virus. In this review, we focus on the anticancer activities of selected lectins and the underlying mechanisms. We also discuss different types of lectins with antiviral activity. We have paid special attention to lectins with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we outline the challenges of using lectins in therapy and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Boliukh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Rafał J Bułdak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Liu S, Yu Y, Guo K, Zhang Q, Jia Z, Alfredo MR, Ma P, Xie H, Bian X. Expression and antiviral application of exogenous lectin (griffithsin) in sweetpotatoes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421244. [PMID: 39081525 PMCID: PMC11286482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT) is a highly effective, broad-spectrum, safe, and stable viral inhibitor used to suppress a variety of viruses. However, little information is available on whether GRFT can prevent plant viral diseases. In this study, we constructed a GRFT overexpression vector containing the sweetpotato storage cell signal peptide and generated exogenous GRFT overexpression lines through genetic transformation. The transgenic plants showed notable resistance to sweetpotato virus disease in the virus nursery. To verify the antiplant virus function of GRFT, transient expression in tobacco leaves showed that GRFT inhibited the sweetpotato leaf curl virus (SPLCV). The replication of SPLCV was entirely inhibited when the concentration of GRFT reached a certain level. The results of pulldown and BIFC assays showed that GRFT did not interact with the six components of SPLCV. In addition, the mutated GRFTD/A without the binding ability of carbohydrate and anticoronavirus function, in which three aspartate residues at carbohydrate binding sites were all mutated to alanine, also inhibited SPLCV. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analyses showed that the tobacco antiviral-related genes HIN1, ICS1, WRKY40, and PR10 were overexpressed after GRFT/GRFTD/A injection. Furthermore, HIN1, ICS1, and PR10 were more highly expressed in the leaves injected with GRFTD/A. The results suggest that sweetpotato is able to express GRFT exogenously as a bioreactor. Moreover, exogenous GRFT expression inhibits plant viruses by promoting the expression of plant antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaodong Jia
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Morales Rodriguez Alfredo
- Center for Tropical Crop Research, Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT), Santo Domingo, Cuba
| | - Peiyong Ma
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bian
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Srisai P, Suriyaprom S, Panya A, Pekkoh J, Tragoolpua Y. Inhibitory effects of algal polysaccharide extract from Cladophora spp. against herpes simplex virus infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11914. [PMID: 38789457 PMCID: PMC11126740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a causative agent of fever blister, genital herpes, and neonatal herpes. Nowadays, edible algae are recognized as health food due to high nutrition content and their many active compounds that are beneficial to health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of algal polysaccharide extract from Cladophora spp. against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 on Vero cells. In this study, the structure of polysaccharide extract is presented as S=O and C-O-S of the sulfate group, as identified by the FT-IR technique. The toxicity of algal polysaccharide extract on Vero cells was determined by MTT assay. The algal extract showed low toxicity on the cells, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value greater than 5000 µg mL-1. The inhibition of HSV infection by the algal extract was then evaluated on Vero cells using plaque reduction assay. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of algal extract exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 upon treatment before, during, and after viral adsorption with and without removal of the extract were 70.31, 15.17, > 5000 and 9.78 µg mL-1, respectively. Additionally, the EC50 values of algal extract against HSV-2 upon treatment before, during and after viral adsorption with, and without removal of the extract were 5.85, 2.57, > 5000 and 26.96 µg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the algal extract demonstrated direct inactivation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 virions as well as inhibitory effect against HSV replication. Accordingly, algal polysaccharide extract containing sulfated polysaccharides showed strong activity against HSV. Therefore, it is proved to be useful to apply Cladophora spp. polysaccharide extract as an anti-HSV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchayuth Srisai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Suriyaprom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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4
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Gupta A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Khan MA, Dwivedi UN. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:1-33. [PMID: 38244136 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, District-Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rashidi AS, Tran DN, Peelen CR, van Gent M, Ouwendijk WJD, Verjans GMGM. Herpes simplex virus infection induces necroptosis of neurons and astrocytes in human fetal organotypic brain slice cultures. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38302975 PMCID: PMC10832279 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease, affecting both adults and newborns. Progress in understanding the virus and host factors involved in neonatal HSE has been hampered by the limitations of current brain models that do not fully recapitulate the tissue structure and cell composition of the developing human brain in health and disease. Here, we developed a human fetal organotypic brain slice culture (hfOBSC) model and determined its value in mimicking the HSE neuropathology in vitro. METHODS Cell viability and tissues integrity were determined by lactate dehydrogenase release in supernatant and immunohistological (IHC) analyses. Brain slices were infected with green fluorescent protein (GFP-) expressing HSV-1 and HSV-2. Virus replication and spread were determined by confocal microscopy, PCR and virus culture. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were detected by PCR. Cell tropism and HSV-induced neuropathology were determined by IHC analysis. Finally, the in situ data of HSV-infected hfOBSC were compared to the neuropathology detected in human HSE brain sections. RESULTS Slicing and serum-free culture conditions were optimized to maintain the viability and tissue architecture of ex vivo human fetal brain slices for at least 14 days at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator. The hfOBSC supported productive HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, involving predominantly infection of neurons and astrocytes, leading to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Both viruses induced programmed cell death-especially necroptosis-in infected brain slices at later time points after infection. The virus spread, cell tropism and role of programmed cell death in HSV-induced cell death resembled the neuropathology of HSE. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel human brain culture model in which the viability of the major brain-resident cells-including neurons, microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes-and the tissue architecture is maintained for at least 2 weeks in vitro under serum-free culture conditions. The close resemblance of cell tropism, spread and neurovirulence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the hfOBSC model with the neuropathological features of human HSE cases underscores its potential to detail the pathophysiology of other neurotropic viruses and as preclinical model to test novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Rashidi
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana N Tran
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caithlin R Peelen
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Gent
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J D Ouwendijk
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- HerpesLabNL of the Department of Viroscience (Room Ee1720a), Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Grosche VR, Souza LPF, Ferreira GM, Guevara-Vega M, Carvalho T, Silva RRDS, Batista KLR, Abuna RPF, Silva JS, Calmon MDF, Rahal P, da Silva LCN, Andrade BS, Teixeira CS, Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG. Mannose-Binding Lectins as Potent Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:1886. [PMID: 37766292 PMCID: PMC10536204 DOI: 10.3390/v15091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is mainly mediated by the interactions between the viral spike protein (S) and the ACE-2 cell receptor, which are highly glycosylated. Therefore, carbohydrate binding agents may represent potential candidates to abrogate virus infection. Here, we evaluated the in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of two mannose-binding lectins isolated from the Brazilian plants Canavalia brasiliensis and Dioclea violacea (ConBR and DVL). These lectins inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and variants Gamma and Omicron infections, with selectivity indexes (SI) of 7, 1.7, and 6.5, respectively for ConBR; and 25, 16.8, and 22.3, for DVL. ConBR and DVL inhibited over 95% of the early stages of the viral infection, with strong virucidal effect, and also protected cells from infection and presented post-entry inhibition. The presence of mannose resulted in the complete lack of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by ConBR and DVL, recovering virus titers. ATR-FTIR, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation between SARS-CoV-2 S and either lectins indicated molecular interactions with predicted binding energies of -85.4 and -72.0 Kcal/Mol, respectively. Our findings show that ConBR and DVL lectins possess strong activities against SARS-CoV-2, potentially by interacting with glycans and blocking virus entry into cells, representing potential candidates for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Riquena Grosche
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (V.R.G.); (G.M.F.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (T.C.); (M.d.F.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Leandro Peixoto Ferreira Souza
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.P.F.S.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Giulia Magalhães Ferreira
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (V.R.G.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Marco Guevara-Vega
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.P.F.S.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Tamara Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (T.C.); (M.d.F.C.); (P.R.)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Paolo Flores Abuna
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (R.P.F.A.); (J.S.S.)
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Bi-Institutional Platform for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (R.P.F.A.); (J.S.S.)
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Bi-Institutional Platform for Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marília de Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (T.C.); (M.d.F.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (T.C.); (M.d.F.C.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié 45205-490, Brazil;
| | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Center of Agrarian Science and Biodiversity, Federal University of Cariri (UFCA), Crato 63130-025, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.S.); (C.S.T.)
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.P.F.S.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (V.R.G.); (G.M.F.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (T.C.); (M.d.F.C.); (P.R.)
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Pierce CA, Loh LN, Steach HR, Cheshenko N, Preston-Hurlburt P, Zhang F, Stransky S, Kravets L, Sidoli S, Philbrick W, Nassar M, Krishnaswamy S, Herold KC, Herold BC. HSV-2 triggers upregulation of MALAT1 in CD4+ T cells and promotes HIV latency reversal. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164317. [PMID: 37079384 PMCID: PMC10232005 DOI: 10.1172/jci164317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) coinfection is associated with increased HIV-1 viral loads and expanded tissue reservoirs, but the mechanisms are not well defined. HSV-2 recurrences result in an influx of activated CD4+ T cells to sites of viral replication and an increase in activated CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. We hypothesized that HSV-2 induces changes in these cells that facilitate HIV-1 reactivation and replication and tested this hypothesis in human CD4+ T cells and 2D10 cells, a model of HIV-1 latency. HSV-2 promoted latency reversal in HSV-2-infected and bystander 2D10 cells. Bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq studies of activated primary human CD4+ T cells identified decreased expression of HIV-1 restriction factors and increased expression of transcripts including MALAT1 that could drive HIV replication in both the HSV-2-infected and bystander cells. Transfection of 2D10 cells with VP16, an HSV-2 protein that regulates transcription, significantly upregulated MALAT1 expression, decreased trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 protein, and triggered HIV latency reversal. Knockout of MALAT1 from 2D10 cells abrogated the response to VP16 and reduced the response to HSV-2 infection. These results demonstrate that HSV-2 contributes to HIV-1 reactivation through diverse mechanisms, including upregulation of MALAT1 to release epigenetic silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A. Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lip Nam Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Natalia Cheshenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Leah Kravets
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - William Philbrick
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michel Nassar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Computational Biology
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevan C. Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, and
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Zhao Y, Zhao N, Cai Y, Zhang H, Li J, Liu J, Ye C, Wang Y, Dang Y, Li W, Liu H, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang L, Cheng L, Dong Y, Xu Z, Lei Y, Lu L, Wang Y, Ye W, Zhang F. An algal lectin griffithsin inhibits Hantaan virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:881083. [PMID: 36579342 PMCID: PMC9791197 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.881083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the etiological pathogen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in East Asia. There are currently no effective therapeutics approved for HTNV and other hantavirus infections. We found that griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, can inhibit the growth and spread of HTNV. In vitro experiments using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) with HTNV glycoproteins as a model revealed that the GRFT inhibited the entry of rVSV-HTNV-G into host cells. In addition, we demonstrated that GRFT prevented authentic HTNV infection in vitro by binding to the viral N-glycans. In vivo experiments showed that GRFT partially protected the suckling mice from death induced by intracranial exposure to HTNV. These results demonstrated that GRFT can be a promising agent for inhibiting HTNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ningbo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanxing Cai
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and BSL-3 Facility, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuantao Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yamei Dang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangchao Dong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhikai Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and BSL-3 Facility, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Fanglin Zhang, ; Wei Ye, ; Yingjuan Wang,
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Fanglin Zhang, ; Wei Ye, ; Yingjuan Wang,
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Fanglin Zhang, ; Wei Ye, ; Yingjuan Wang,
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Karim QA, Archary D, Barré-Sinoussi F, Broliden K, Cabrera C, Chiodi F, Fidler SJ, Gengiah TN, Herrera C, Kharsany ABM, Liebenberg LJP, Mahomed S, Menu E, Moog C, Scarlatti G, Seddiki N, Sivro A, Cavarelli M. Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055042. [PMID: 36561760 PMCID: PMC9763292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing new HIV infections remains a global challenge. Young women continue to bear a disproportionate burden of infection. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), offers a novel women-initiated prevention technology and PrEP trials completed to date underscore the importance of their inclusion early in trials evaluating new HIV PrEP technologies. Data from completed topical and systemic PrEP trials highlight the role of gender specific physiological and social factors that impact PrEP uptake, adherence and efficacy. Here we review the past and current developments of HIV-1 prevention options for women with special focus on PrEP considering the diverse factors that can impact PrEP efficacy. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of inclusion of female scientists, clinicians, and community advocates in scientific efforts to further improve HIV prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J. Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London UK and Imperial College NIHR BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanuja N. Gengiah
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha B. M. Kharsany
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine J. P. Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sharana Mahomed
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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10
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Nabeta HW, Lasnik AB, Fuqua JL, Wang L, Rohan LC, Palmer KE. Antiviral lectin Q-Griffithsin suppresses fungal infection in murine models of vaginal candidiasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:976033. [PMID: 36329822 PMCID: PMC9623022 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.976033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antifungal agents in vulvovaginal candidiasis has resulted in increasing morbidity among women globally. It is therefore crucial that new antimycotic agents are developed to counter this rising challenge. Q-Griffithsin (Q-GRFT) is a red algal lectin, manufactured in Nicotiana benthamiana. Griffithsin has well characterized broad spectrum antiviral activity and has demonstrated potent in vitro activity against multiple strains of Candida, including C. albicans. We have been working to incorporate Q-GRFT into topical microbicide products to prevent HIV-1 and HSV-2 transmission. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a prototype Q-GRFT dosage form in prophylactic and therapeutic murine models of vaginal candidiasis, through microbiologic, histopathologic, and immune studies. In a preventive model, in comparison with infected controls, Q-GRFT treatment resulted in a lower fungal burden but did not alter the number of vaginal neutrophils and monocytes. In a therapeutic model, Q-GRFT enhanced fungal clearance when compared with infected untreated controls. Finally, histopathology demonstrated lower vaginal colonization with C. albicans following Q-GRFT treatment. Our results demonstrate that Q-GRFT has significant preventive and therapeutic activity in vaginal candidiasis offering additional benefit as a topical microbicide for prevention of HIV-1 and HSV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W. Nabeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry W. Nabeta, ; Kenneth E. Palmer,
| | - Amanda B. Lasnik
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
| | - Joshua L. Fuqua
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Infectious Diseases, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lisa C. Rohan
- Infectious Diseases, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry W. Nabeta, ; Kenneth E. Palmer,
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11
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Zeng S, Li Y, Zhu W, Luo Z, Wu K, Li X, Fang Y, Qin Y, Chen W, Li Z, Zou L, Liu X, Yi L, Fan S. The Advances of Broad-Spectrum and Hot Anti-Coronavirus Drugs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071294. [PMID: 35889013 PMCID: PMC9317368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, mainly including severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, human coronavirus OC43, chicken infectious bronchitis virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and murine hepatitis virus, can cause severe diseases in humans and livestock. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting millions of human beings with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the multiplicity of swine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus in swine suggests that coronaviruses seriously jeopardize the safety of public health and that therapeutic intervention is urgently needed. Currently, the most effective methods of prevention and control for coronaviruses are vaccine immunization and pharmacotherapy. However, the emergence of mutated viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. In addition, vaccine developments often lag behind, making it difficult to put them into use early in the outbreak. Therefore, it is meaningful to screen safe, cheap, and broad-spectrum antiviral agents for coronaviruses. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and state of anti-human and porcine coronavirus drugs, in order to provide theoretical support for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs and other antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zipeng Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (X.L.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (S.F.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (S.F.)
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12
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Antiviral Activity and Mechanisms of Seaweeds Bioactive Compounds on Enveloped Viruses-A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060385. [PMID: 35736188 PMCID: PMC9228758 DOI: 10.3390/md20060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are beneficial for humans. The structural diversity of seaweed metabolites provides diverse biological activities which are expressed through diverse mechanisms of actions. This review mainly focuses on the antiviral activity of seaweed’s extracts, highlighting the mechanisms of actions of some seaweed molecules against infection caused by different types of enveloped viruses: influenza, Lentivirus (HIV-1), Herpes viruses, and coronaviruses. Seaweed metabolites with antiviral properties can act trough different pathways by increasing the host’s defense system or through targeting and blocking virus replication before it enters host cells. Several studies have already established the large antiviral spectrum of seaweed’s bioactive compounds. Throughout this review, antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of seaweed’s bioactive compounds are analyzed, suggesting seaweed’s potential source of antiviral compounds for the formulation of novel and natural antiviral drugs.
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13
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Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030452. [PMID: 35326102 PMCID: PMC8944855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has faced the challenges of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the last two years, first diagnosed at the end of 2019 in Wuhan and widely distributed worldwide. As a result, the WHO has proclaimed the illness brought on by this virus to be a global pandemic. To combat COVID-19, researcher communities continuously develop and implement rapid diagnoses, safe and effective vaccinations and other alternative therapeutic procedures. However, synthetic drug-related side effects and high costs have piqued scientists’ interest in natural product-based therapies and medicines. In this regard, antiviral substances derived from natural resources and some medicines have seen a boom in popularity. For instance, algae are a rich source of compounds such as lectins and sulfated polysaccharides, which have potent antiviral and immunity-boosting properties. Moreover, Algae-derived compounds or metabolites can be used as antibodies and vaccine raw materials against COVID-19. Furthermore, some algal species can boost immunity, reduce viral activity in humans and be recommended for usage as a COVID-19 preventative measure. However, this field of study is still in its early stages of development. Therefore, this review addresses critical characteristics of algal metabolites, their antioxidant potential and therapeutic potential in COVID-19.
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Cyanobacteria and Algae-Derived Bioactive Metabolites as Antiviral Agents: Evidence, Mode of Action, and Scope for Further Expansion; A Comprehensive Review in Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020354. [PMID: 35204236 PMCID: PMC8868401 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19—a severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has recently attracted global attention, due to its devastating impact, to the point of being declared a pandemic. The search for new natural therapeutic drugs is mandatory, as the screening of already-known antiviral drugs so far has led to poor results. Several species of marine algae have been reported as sources of bioactive metabolites with potential antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, among others. Some of these bioactive metabolites might be able to act as antimicrobial drugs and also against viral infections by inhibiting their replication. Moreover, they could also trigger immunity against viral infection in humans and could be used as protective agents against COVID-In this context, this article reviews the main antiviral activities of bioactive metabolites from marine algae and their potential exploitation as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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15
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Maliki IM, Misson M, Teoh PL, Rodrigues KF, Yong WTL. Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:102. [PMID: 35200632 PMCID: PMC8880576 DOI: 10.3390/md20020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wilson Thau Lym Yong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (I.M.M.); (M.M.); (P.L.T.); (K.F.R.)
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16
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Teleshova N, Keller MJ, Fernández Romero JA, Friedland BA, Creasy GW, Plagianos MG, Ray L, Barnable P, Kizima L, Rodriguez A, Cornejal N, Melo C, Cruz Rodriguez G, Mukhopadhyay S, Calenda G, Sinkar SU, Bonnaire T, Wesenberg A, Zhang S, Kleinbeck K, Palmer K, Alami M, O’Keefe BR, Gillevet P, Hur H, Liang Y, Santone G, Fichorova RN, Kalir T, Zydowsky TM. Results of a phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled first-in-human trial of griffithsin formulated in a carrageenan vaginal gel. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261775. [PMID: 35051209 PMCID: PMC8775213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is dominated by clinical therapeutic antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a non-ARV lectin with potent anti-HIV activity. GRFT’s preclinical safety, lack of systemic absorption after vaginal administration in animal studies, and lack of cross-resistance with existing ARV drugs prompted its development for topical HIV PrEP. We investigated safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of PC-6500 (0.1% GRFT in a carrageenan (CG) gel) in healthy women after vaginal administration. This randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind first-in-human phase 1 study enrolled healthy, HIV-negative, non-pregnant women aged 24–45 years. In the open label period, all participants (n = 7) received single dose of PC-6500. In the randomized period, participants (n = 13) were instructed to self-administer 14 doses of PC-6500 or its matching CG placebo (PC-535) once daily for 14 days. The primary outcomes were safety and PK after single dose, and then after 14 days of dosing. Exploratory outcomes were GRFT concentrations in cervicovaginal fluids, PD, inflammatory mediators and gene expression in ectocervical biopsies. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02875119. No significant adverse events were recorded in clinical or laboratory results or histopathological evaluations in cervicovaginal mucosa, and no anti-drug (GRFT) antibodies were detected in serum. No cervicovaginal proinflammatory responses and no changes in the ectocervical transcriptome were evident. Decreased levels of proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL8, CCL5 and CCL20) were observed. GRFT was not detected in plasma. GRFT and GRFT/CG in cervicovaginal lavage samples inhibited HIV and HPV, respectively, in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. These data suggest GRFT formulated in a CG gel is a safe and promising on-demand multipurpose prevention technology product that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Teleshova
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marla J. Keller
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - José A. Fernández Romero
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
- Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Friedland
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - George W. Creasy
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marlena G. Plagianos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laurie Ray
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick Barnable
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Larisa Kizima
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aixa Rodriguez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nadjet Cornejal
- Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudia Melo
- Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gearoff Cruz Rodriguez
- Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sampurna Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giulia Calenda
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shweta U. Sinkar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thierry Bonnaire
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Asa Wesenberg
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kyle Kleinbeck
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Palmer
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mohcine Alami
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry R. O’Keefe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research and Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick Gillevet
- George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hong Hur
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yupu Liang
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Santone
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Tamara Kalir
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Zydowsky
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America
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17
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Algal and Cyanobacterial Lectins and Their Antimicrobial Properties. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120687. [PMID: 34940686 PMCID: PMC8707200 DOI: 10.3390/md19120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a remarkably high affinity and specificity for carbohydrates. Many organisms naturally produce them, including animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. The present report focuses on lectins produced by marine or freshwater organisms, in particular algae and cyanobacteria. We explore their structure, function, classification, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, we look at the expression of lectins in heterologous systems and the current research on the preclinical and clinical evaluation of these fascinating molecules. The further development of these molecules might positively impact human health, particularly the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, and severe acute respiratory coronaviruses, among others.
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Antiviral Active Compounds Derived from Natural Sources against Herpes Simplex Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071386. [PMID: 34372592 PMCID: PMC8310208 DOI: 10.3390/v13071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are ubiquitously distributed with a seroprevalence ranging up to 95% in the adult population. Refractory viral infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) represent a major global health issue. In particular, the increasing occurrence of resistance to conventional antiviral drugs make the therapy of such infections even more challenging. For instance, the frequent and long-term use of acyclovir and other nucleoside analogues targeting the viral DNA-polymerase enhance the development of resistant viruses. Particularly, the incidental increase of those strains in immunocompromised patients is alarming and represent a major health concern. Alternative treatment concepts are clearly needed. Natural products such as herbal medicines showed antiherpetic activity in vitro and in vivo and proved to be an excellent source for the discovery and isolation of novel antivirals. By this means, numerous plant-derived compounds with antiviral or antimicrobial activity could be isolated. Natural medicines and their ingredients are well-tolerated and could be a good alternative for treating herpes simplex virus infections. This review provides an overview of the recent status of natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and their ingredients with antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses. Furthermore, we highlight the most potent herbal medicines and ingredients as promising candidates for clinical investigation and give an overview about the most important drug classes along with their potential antiviral mechanisms. The content of this review is based on articles that were published between 1996 and 2021.
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19
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Antibodies Elicited in Response to a Single Cycle Glycoprotein D Deletion Viral Vaccine Candidate Bind C1q and Activate Complement Mediated Neutralization and Cytolysis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071284. [PMID: 34209320 PMCID: PMC8310317 DOI: 10.3390/v13071284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) prevention is a global health priority but, despite decades of research, there is no effective vaccine. Prior efforts focused on generating glycoprotein D (gD) neutralizing antibodies, but clinical trial outcomes were disappointing. The deletion of gD yields a single-cycle candidate vaccine (∆gD-2) that elicits high titer polyantigenic non-gD antibodies that exhibit little complement-independent neutralization but mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP). Active or passive immunization with DgD-2 completely protects mice from lethal disease and latency following challenge with clinical isolates of either serotype. The current studies evaluated the role of complement in vaccine-elicited protection. The immune serum from the DgD-2 vaccinated mice exhibited significantly greater C1q binding compared to the serum from the gD protein vaccinated mice with infected cell lysates from either serotype as capture antigens. The C1q-binding antibodies recognized glycoprotein B. This resulted in significantly greater antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytolysis and neutralization. Notably, complete protection was preserved when the DgD-2 immune serum was passively transferred into C1q knockout mice, suggesting that ADCC and ADCP are sufficient in mice. We speculate that the polyfunctional responses elicited by DgD-2 may prove more effective in preventing HSV, compared to the more restrictive responses elicited by adjuvanted gD protein vaccines.
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20
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Crakes KR, Herrera C, Morgan JL, Olstad K, Hessell AJ, Ziprin P, LiWang PJ, Dandekar S. Efficacy of silk fibroin biomaterial vehicle for in vivo mucosal delivery of Griffithsin and protection against HIV and SHIV infection ex vivo. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 23:e25628. [PMID: 33073530 PMCID: PMC7569169 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The majority of new HIV infections occur through mucosal transmission. The availability of readily applicable and accessible platforms for anti‐retroviral (ARV) delivery is critical for the prevention of HIV acquisition through sexual transmission in both women and men. There is a compelling need for developing new topical delivery systems that have advantages over the pills, gels and rings, which currently fail to guarantee protection against mucosal viral transmission in vulnerable populations due to lack of user compliance. The silk fibroin (SF) platform offers another option that may be better suited to individual circumstances and preferences to increase efficacy through user compliance. The objective of this study was to test safety and efficacy of SF for anti‐HIV drug delivery to mucosal sites and for viral prevention. Methods We formulated a potent HIV inhibitor Griffithsin (Grft) in a mucoadhesive silk fibroin (SF) drug delivery platform and tested the application in a non‐human primate model in vivo and a pre‐clinical human cervical and colorectal tissue explant model. Both vaginal and rectal compartments were assessed in rhesus macaques (Mucaca mulatta) that received SF (n = 4), no SF (n = 7) and SF‐Grft (n = 11). In this study, we evaluated the composition of local microbiota, inflammatory cytokine production, histopathological changes in the vaginal and rectal compartments and mucosal protection after ex vivo SHIV challenge. Results Effective Grft release and retention in mucosal tissues from the SF‐Grft platform resulted in protection against HIV in human cervical and colorectal tissue as well as against SHIV challenge in both rhesus macaque vaginal and rectal tissues. Mucoadhesion of SF‐Grft inserts did not cause any inflammatory responses or changes in local microbiota. Conclusions We demonstrated that in vivo delivery of SF‐Grft in rhesus macaques fully protects against SHIV challenge ex vivo after two hours of application and is safe to use in both the vaginal and rectal compartments. Our study provides support for the development of silk fibroin as a highly promising, user‐friendly HIV prevention modality to address the global disparity in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katti R Crakes
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Morgan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Katie Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Paul Ziprin
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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21
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Sami N, Ahmad R, Fatma T. Exploring algae and cyanobacteria as a promising natural source of antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2. Biomed J 2021; 44:54-62. [PMID: 33640332 PMCID: PMC7836382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present outburst of coronavirus-associated (SARS-CoV-2) acute respiratory disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China is the third recognised spill over due to the zoonotic transmission. SARS-CoVs are about 29.7 kb positive, single stranded (ss) RNA viruses that are considered as zoonotic pathogens, bat being their natural reservoirs and also shows transmission within humans. The rapidly increasing COVID-19 cases and need of best and efficient drug/vaccine/strategy to counteract the virus entry and its pathogenesis has made it a Herculean challenge for scientists. Synthetic drugs associated complications has attracted scientific attention for natural product-based drugs. Chemo-diversity of algae and cyanobacteria offers a novel approach and can be recognized as a relevant source for developing a future natural "antiviral drug". The aim of this review is to highlight important features of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the antiviral compounds recognized in algae and cyanobacteria, with their mechanisms of actions. Algae possess both immunity improving capacity and suppresses many viruses. Thus, they can be recommended as a preventive and curative remedy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhshan Ahmad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Kramzer LF, Hamorsky KT, Graebing PW, Wang L, Fuqua JL, Matoba N, Lasnik AB, Moncla BJ, Zhang J, Palmer KE, Rohan LC. Preformulation Characterization of Griffithsin, a Biopharmaceutical Candidate for HIV Prevention. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:83. [PMID: 33625602 PMCID: PMC7903873 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT) has shown potent anti-HIV activity, and it is being developed as a drug candidate for HIV prevention. Successful implementation requires thorough understanding of its preformulation characterization. In this work, preformulation assessments were conducted to characterize GRFT and identify its degradation pathways under selected conditions of temperature, light, pH, shear, ionic strength, and oxidation. Compatibility with vaginal fluid simulant, vaginal enzymes, Lactobacillus spp., and human cervicovaginal secretions was assessed. The purity, melting temperature, and HIV gp120-binding affinity of GRFT stored at 4°C and 25°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were assessed for 2 years. Chemical modifications were evaluated by intact mass analysis and peptide sequencing. Excised human ectocervical tissue permeability and localization of GRFT were evaluated. Our results demonstrated GRFT to be safe and stable under all the preformulation assessment conditions studied except oxidative stress. When GRFT was exposed to hydrogen peroxide or human cervicovaginal secretion, methionine 78 in the protein sequence underwent oxidation. GRFT did not permeate through human cervical tissue but adhered to the superficial epithelial tissue. The 2-year stability study revealed no significant change in GRFT's aggregation, degradation, melting temperature, or gp120-binding affinity despite a slow increase in oxidation over time. These studies elucidated desirable safety and bioactivity profile for GRFT, showing promise as a potential drug candidate for HIV prevention. However, susceptibility to oxidative degradation was identified. Effective protection of GRFT from oxidation is required for further development.
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23
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Minooei F, Fried JR, Fuqua JL, Palmer KE, Steinbach-Rankins JM. In vitro Study on Synergistic Interactions Between Free and Encapsulated Q-Griffithsin and Antiretrovirals Against HIV-1 Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1189-1206. [PMID: 33623382 PMCID: PMC7894819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s287310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a persistent global challenge, impacting 38 million people worldwide. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) including tenofovir (TFV), raltegravir (RAL), and dapivirine (DAP) have been developed to prevent and treat HIV-1 via different mechanisms of action. In parallel, a promising biological candidate, griffithsin (GRFT), has demonstrated outstanding preclinical safety and potency against HIV-1. While ARV co-administration has been shown to enhance virus inhibition, synergistic interactions between ARVs and the oxidation-resistant variant of GRFT (Q-GRFT) have not yet been explored. Here, we co-administered Q-GRFT with TFV, RAL, and DAP, in free and encapsulated forms, to identify unique protein-drug synergies. Methods Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a single or double-emulsion technique and release from each formulation was assessed in simulated vaginal fluid. Next, each ARV, in free and encapsulated forms, was co-administered with Q-GRFT or Q-GRFT NPs to evaluate the impact of co-administration in HIV-1 pseudovirus assays, and the combination indices were calculated to identify synergistic interactions. Using the most synergistic formulations, we investigated the effect of agent incorporation in NP-fiber composites on release properties. Finally, NP safety was assessed in vitro using MTT assay. Results All active agents were encapsulated in NPs with desirable encapsulation efficiency (15–100%), providing ~20% release over 2 weeks. The co-administration of free Q-GRFT with each free ARV resulted in strong synergistic interactions, relative to each agent alone. Similarly, Q-GRFT NP and ARV NP co-administration resulted in synergy across all formulations, with the most potent interactions between encapsulated Q-GRFT and DAP. Furthermore, the incorporation of Q-GRFT and DAP in NP-fiber composites resulted in burst release of DAP and Q-GRFT with a second phase of Q-GRFT release. Finally, all NP formulations exhibited safety in vitro. Conclusions This work suggests that Q-GRFT and ARV co-administration in free or encapsulated forms may improve efficacy in achieving prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Minooei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joel R Fried
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joshua L Fuqua
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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24
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Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites-A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020094. [PMID: 33562153 PMCID: PMC7914423 DOI: 10.3390/md19020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, algae have stimulated significant economic interest particularly as a source of fertilizers, feeds, foods and pharmaceutical precursors. However, there is increasing interest in exploiting algal diversity for their antiviral potential. Here, we present an overview of 50-years of scientific and technological developments in the field of algae antivirals. After bibliometric analysis of 999 scientific references, a survey of 16 clinical trials and analysis of 84 patents, it was possible to identify the dominant algae, molecules and viruses that have been shaping and driving this promising field of research. A description of the most promising discoveries is presented according to molecule class. We observed a diverse range of algae and respective molecules displaying significant antiviral effects against an equally diverse range of viruses. Some natural algae molecules, like carrageenan, cyanovirin or griffithsin, are now considered prime reference molecules for their outstanding antiviral capacity. Crucially, while many algae antiviral applications have already reached successful commercialization, the large spectrum of algae antiviral capacities already identified suggests a strong potential for future expansion of this field.
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25
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Wang L, Deng Y. The Need for Ocular Protection for Health Care Workers During SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak and a Hypothesis for a Potential Personal Protective Equipment. Front Public Health 2020; 8:599757. [PMID: 33282819 PMCID: PMC7690622 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.599757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus with high infectivity and has caused dramatic pressure on health systems all over the world. Appropriate personal protection for medical staffs is critical. For ocular protection, there is ongoing hot debate and concern for potential ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Ocular manifestations and positive detection of viral RNA in ocular samples were only reported in very small number of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, health care workers need to face patients more closely and have higher risk of aerosol contamination. Thus, appropriate ocular protection for medical workers is still recommended by organizations such as WHO and American Academy of Ophthalmology. Although eye goggles provide excellent protection and are mandatory for medical practitioners with high risk of exposure, they are not ideal for common clinical practice, because they can disturb vision due to extensive formation of water droplets and frequently cause moderate to severe discomfort after longtime wearing, which have been reported to interfere with working status. For the majority of medical workers who don't deal with high risk patients, they are not advised to wear goggles in daily practice. However, they also face the risk of infection due to the presence of asymptomatic carriers. Especially in situations with high risk of ocular exposure, such as close physical examination, eye surgery, dental clinics and surgery, ocular protection may be needed. Griffithsin has been shown to directly bind to spike proteins and has anti-viral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, including coronavirus. Griffithsin is found to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV at relatively low concentration and is stable and non-toxic. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share the same entry receptors and their spike proteins are similar in conformation. We hypothesize that contact lenses containing nanoparticles loaded with griffithsin may provide sufficient ocular protection for medical staffs without high risk of exposure during the outbreak period of SARS-CoV-2. If proven effective, griffithsin-loaded contact lens can be considered as a supplementary ocular protective equipment for medical workers who can tolerate well. The daily disposable contact lens should be applied as needed and refrain from extended wearing in order to reduce potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingping Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Bhatt A, Arora P, Prajapati SK. Can Algal Derived Bioactive Metabolites Serve as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Like Viral Infection? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596374. [PMID: 33262750 PMCID: PMC7686535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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27
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Decker JS, Menacho-Melgar R, Lynch MD. Low-Cost, Large-Scale Production of the Anti-viral Lectin Griffithsin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1020. [PMID: 32974328 PMCID: PMC7471252 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin, a broad-spectrum antiviral lectin, has potential to prevent and treat numerous viruses including HIV, HCV, HSV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. For these indications, the annual demand for Griffithsin could reach billions of doses and affordability is paramount. We report the lab-scale validation of a bioprocess that supports production volumes of >20 tons per year at a cost of goods sold below $3,500/kg. Recombinant expression in engineered E. coli enables Griffithsin titers ∼2.5 g/L. A single rapid precipitation step provides > 90% yield with 2-, 3-, and 4-log reductions in host cell proteins, endotoxin, and nucleic acids, respectively. Two polishing chromatography steps remove residual contaminants leading to pure, active Griffithsin. Compared to a conventional one this process shows lower costs and improved economies of scale. These results support the potential of biologics in very large-scale, cost-sensitive applications such as antivirals, and highlight the importance of bioprocess innovations in enabling these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael D. Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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28
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Rapid-Release Griffithsin Fibers for Dual Prevention of HSV-2 and HIV-1 Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02139-19. [PMID: 32229493 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02139-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologic griffithsin (GRFT) has recently emerged as a candidate to safely prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, to date, there are few delivery platforms that are available to effectively deliver biologics to the female reproductive tract (FRT). The goal of this work was to evaluate rapid-release polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers that incorporate GRFT in in vitro (HIV-1 and HSV-2) and in vivo (HSV-2) infection models. GRFT loading was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the bioactivity of GRFT fibers was assessed using in vitro HIV-1 pseudovirus and HSV-2 plaque assays. Afterwards, the efficacy of GRFT fibers was assessed in a murine model of lethal HSV-2 infection. Finally, murine reproductive tracts and vaginal lavage samples were evaluated for histology and cytokine expression, 24 and 72 h after fiber administration, to determine safety. All rapid-release formulations achieved high levels of GRFT incorporation and were completely efficacious against in vitro HIV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Importantly, all rapid-release GRFT fibers provided potent protection in a murine model of HSV-2 infection. Moreover, histology and cytokine levels, evaluated from collected murine reproductive tissues and vaginal lavage samples treated with blank fibers, showed no increased cytokine production or histological aberrations, demonstrating the preliminary safety of rapid-release GRFT fibers in vaginal tissue.
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29
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Johnson J, Flores MG, Rosa J, Han C, Salvi AM, DeMali KA, Jagnow JR, Sparks A, Haim H. The High Content of Fructose in Human Semen Competitively Inhibits Broad and Potent Antivirals That Target High-Mannose Glycans. J Virol 2020; 94:e01749-19. [PMID: 32102878 PMCID: PMC7163146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01749-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen is the primary transmission vehicle for various pathogenic viruses. Initial steps of transmission, including cell attachment and entry, likely occur in the presence of semen. However, the unstable nature of human seminal plasma and its toxic effects on cells in culture limit the ability to study in vitro virus infection and inhibition in this medium. We found that whole semen significantly reduces the potency of antibodies and microbicides that target glycans on the envelope glycoproteins (Envs) of HIV-1. The extraordinarily high concentration of the monosaccharide fructose in semen contributes significantly to the effect by competitively inhibiting the binding of ligands to α1,2-linked mannose residues on Env. Infection and inhibition in whole human seminal plasma are accurately mimicked by a stable synthetic simulant of seminal fluid that we formulated. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the protein content of biological secretions, their small-solute composition impacts the potency of antiviral microbicides and mucosal antibodies.IMPORTANCE Biological secretions allow viruses to spread between individuals. Each type of secretion has a unique composition of proteins, salts, and sugars, which can affect the infectivity potential of the virus and inhibition of this process. Here, we describe HIV-1 infection and inhibition in whole human seminal plasma and a synthetic simulant that we formulated. We discovered that the sugar fructose in semen decreases the activity of a broad and potent class of antiviral agents that target mannose sugars on the envelope protein of HIV-1. This effect of semen fructose likely reduces the efficacy of such inhibitors to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1. Our findings suggest that the preclinical evaluation of microbicides and vaccine-elicited antibodies will be improved by their in vitro assessment in synthetic formulations that simulate the effects of semen on HIV-1 infection and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Manuel G Flores
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Changze Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alicia M Salvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jennifer R Jagnow
- In Vitro Fertilization and Reproductive Testing Laboratory, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amy Sparks
- In Vitro Fertilization and Reproductive Testing Laboratory, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hillel Haim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Álvarez DM, Castillo E, Duarte LF, Arriagada J, Corrales N, Farías MA, Henríquez A, Agurto-Muñoz C, González PA. Current Antivirals and Novel Botanical Molecules Interfering With Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:139. [PMID: 32117158 PMCID: PMC7026011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are highly prevalent within the human population and are characterized by lifelong infections and sporadic recurrences due to latent neuron infection. Upon reactivations, HSVs may manifest either, symptomatically or asymptomatically and be shed onto others through mucosae body fluids. Although, HSVs can produce severe disease in humans, such as life-threatening encephalitis and blindness, the most common symptoms are skin and mucosal lesions in the oro-facial and the genital areas. Nucleoside analogs with antiviral activity can prevent severe HSV infection, yet they are not very effective for treating skin manifestations produced by these viruses, as they only reduce in a few days at most the duration of lesions. Additionally, HSV variants that are resistant to these antivirals may arise, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. Thus, new antivirals that can reduce the severity and duration of these cutaneous manifestations would certainly be welcome. Here, we review currently available anti-herpetic therapies, novel molecules being assessed in clinical trials and new botanical compounds reported in the last 20 years with antiviral activities against HSVs that might represent future treatments against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Álvarez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefanía Castillo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Arriagada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Corrales
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica A. Farías
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo Henríquez
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Agurto-Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tyo KM, Lasnik AB, Zhang L, Mahmoud M, Jenson AB, Fuqua JL, Palmer KE, Steinbach-Rankins JM. Sustained-release Griffithsin nanoparticle-fiber composites against HIV-1 and HSV-2 infections. J Control Release 2020; 321:84-99. [PMID: 32035194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The antiviral lectin, Griffithsin (GRFT), has been shown to be both safe and efficacious against HSV-2 and HIV-1 infections in vivo. The goal of this work was to develop a multilayered nanoparticle (NP)-electrospun fiber (EF) composite to provide sustained-release of GRFT, and to examine its safety and efficacy in a murine model of lethal HSV-2 infection. Composites were fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers surrounding polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibers that incorporated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) GRFT NPs. GRFT loading and release were determined via ELISA, showing that NP-EF composites achieved high GRFT loading, and provided sustained-release of GRFT for up to 90 d. The in vitro efficacy of GRFT NP-EFs was assessed using HIV-1 pseudovirus assays, demonstrating complete in vitro protection against HIV-1 infection. Additionally, sustained-release NP-EFs, administered 24 h prior to infection, prevented against a lethal dose of HSV-2 infection in a murine model. In parallel, histology and cytokine expression from murine reproductive tracts and vaginal lavages collected 24 and 72 h post-administration were similar to untreated mice, suggesting that NP-EF composites may be a promising and safe sustained-delivery platform to prevent HSV-2 infection. Future work will evaluate the ability to provide prolonged protection against multiple virus challenges, and different administration times with respect to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States; Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Amanda B Lasnik
- Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Longyun Zhang
- Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States; Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Alfred B Jenson
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Joshua L Fuqua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States; Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States; Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States; Center for Predictive Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States.
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Tusé D, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Buyel JF. The Emergency Response Capacity of Plant-Based Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing-What It Is and What It Could Be. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594019. [PMID: 33193552 PMCID: PMC7606873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemic and pandemic diseases have emerged over the last 20 years with increasing reach and severity. The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected most of the world's population, causing millions of infections, hundreds of thousands of deaths, and economic disruption on a vast scale. The increasing number of casualties underlines an urgent need for the rapid delivery of therapeutics, prophylactics such as vaccines, and diagnostic reagents. Here, we review the potential of molecular farming in plants from a manufacturing perspective, focusing on the speed, capacity, safety, and potential costs of transient expression systems. We highlight current limitations in terms of the regulatory framework, as well as future opportunities to establish plant molecular farming as a global, de-centralized emergency response platform for the rapid production of biopharmaceuticals. The implications of public health emergencies on process design and costs, regulatory approval, and production speed and scale compared to conventional manufacturing platforms based on mammalian cell culture are discussed as a forward-looking strategy for future pandemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tusé
- DT/Consulting Group and GROW Biomedicine, LLC, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes Felix Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Felix Buyel, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-143X
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Bhatt A, Arora P, Prajapati SK. Can Algal Derived Bioactive Metabolites Serve as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Like Viral Infection? Front Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 33262750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb2020596374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Rosa GP, Tavares WR, Sousa PMC, Pagès AK, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E8. [PMID: 31861879 PMCID: PMC7024274 DOI: 10.3390/md18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo P. Rosa
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Wilson R. Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Pedro M. C. Sousa
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Aida K. Pagès
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Fischer K, Nguyen K, LiWang PJ. Griffithsin Retains Anti-HIV-1 Potency with Changes in gp120 Glycosylation and Complements Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies PGT121 and PGT126. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:e01084-19. [PMID: 31611356 PMCID: PMC7187567 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01084-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (Grft) is an antiviral lectin that has been shown to potently inhibit HIV-1 by binding high-mannose N-linked glycosylation sites on HIV-1 gp120. A key factor for Grft potency is glycosylation at N295 of gp120, which is directly adjacent to N332, a target glycan for an entire class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we unify previous work on the importance of other glycans to Grft potency against HIV-1 and Grft's role in mediating the conformational change of gp120 by mutating nearly every glycosylation site in gp120. In addition to a significant loss of Grft activity by the removal of glycosylation at N295, glycan absence at N332 or N448 was found to have moderate effects on Grft potency. Interestingly, in the absence of N295, Grft effectiveness could be improved by a mutation that results in the glycan at N448 shifting to N446, indicating that the importance of individual glycans may be related to their effect on glycosylation density. Grft's ability to alter the structure of gp120, exposing the CD4 binding site, correlated with the presence of glycosylation at N295 only in clade B strains, not clade C strains. We further demonstrate that Grft can rescue the activity of the bNAbs PGT121 and PGT126 in the event of a loss or a shift of glycosylation at N332, where the bNAbs suffer a drastic loss of potency. Despite targeting the same region, Grft in combination with PGT121 and PGT126 produced additive effects. This indicates that Grft could be an important combinational therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fischer
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
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Impact of Q-Griffithsin anti-HIV microbicide gel in non-human primates: In situ analyses of epithelial and immune cell markers in rectal mucosa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18120. [PMID: 31792342 PMCID: PMC6889265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural-product derived lectins can function as potent viral inhibitors with minimal toxicity as shown in vitro and in small animal models. We here assessed the effect of rectal application of an anti-HIV lectin-based microbicide Q-Griffithsin (Q-GRFT) in rectal tissue samples from rhesus macaques. E-cadherin+ cells, CD4+ cells and total mucosal cells were assessed using in situ staining combined with a novel customized digital image analysis platform. Variations in cell numbers between baseline, placebo and Q-GRFT treated samples were analyzed using random intercept linear mixed effect models. The frequencies of rectal E-cadherin+ cells remained stable despite multiple tissue samplings and Q-GRFT gel (0.1%, 0.3% and 1%, respectively) treatment. Whereas single dose application of Q-GRFT did not affect the frequencies of rectal CD4+ cells, multi-dose Q-GRFT caused a small, but significant increase of the frequencies of intra-epithelial CD4+ cells (placebo: median 4%; 1% Q-GRFT: median 7%) and of the CD4+ lamina propria cells (placebo: median 30%; 0.1–1% Q-GRFT: median 36–39%). The resting time between sampling points were further associated with minor changes in the total and CD4+ rectal mucosal cell levels. The results add to general knowledge of in vivo evaluation of anti-HIV microbicide application concerning cellular effects in rectal mucosa.
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Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae–derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.
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Griffithsin, a Highly Potent Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Lectin from Red Algae: From Discovery to Clinical Application. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100567. [PMID: 31590428 PMCID: PMC6835697 DOI: 10.3390/md17100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus entry into a susceptible host cell is the first step in the formation of all viral diseases. Controlling viral infections by disrupting viral entry is advantageous for antibody-mediated neutralization by the host’s immune system and as a preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategy. Recently, several plant-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) have emerged as a new class of antiviral biologics by taking advantage of a unique glycosylation pattern only found on the surface of viruses. In particular, a red algae-derived griffithsin (GRFT) protein has demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity with minimum host toxicity against a variety of clinically relevant, enveloped viruses. This review examines the structural characteristics of GRFT, focusing on its carbohydrate-binding capability. Its in vitro antiviral profiles against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also discussed followed by a description of the results from a combination study using anti-HIV drugs. The results of several studies regarding its novel antiviral mechanism of action are provided in conjunction with an explanation of viral resistance profiles to GRFT. In addition, its in vitro and in vivo host toxicity profiles are summarized with its pharmacokinetic behavior using in vivo efficacy study results. Also, a large-scale production and formulation strategy, as well as a drug delivery strategy, for GRFT as a new class of broad-spectrum microbicides is discussed. Finally, results from two ongoing clinical studies examining GRFT’s effects on viruses are presented.
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Szymanska E, Czarnomysy R, Jacyna J, Basa A, Wilczewska AZ, Markuszewski M, Winnicka K. Could spray-dried microbeads with chitosan glutamate be considered as promising vaginal microbicide carriers? The effect of process variables on the in vitro functional and physicochemical characteristics. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118558. [PMID: 31352046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve efficacy and accessibility of vaginal microbicides, development of smart polymer-based delivery carriers appears essential. In scope of this study, the potential of chitosan glutamate in technology of microbicide multiunit formulations containing zidovudine-loaded microbeads was investigated. Spray-drying optimization was supported by statistical design of experiments. As polymer properties may alter upon processing, particularly important was to examine the influence of product composition and process variables on final microbeads characteristic. Data from ATR-FTIR, Raman, and DSC analysis confirmed drug compatibility with chitosan glutamate after spray-drying. Formulations with polymer:drug ratio 5:1 (w/w) prepared from azeotropic ethanol-water mixture were found to spread easily upon dilution with simulant vaginal fluid, forming viscous, shear-thinning barrier, which could impede direct contact of virus with mucus cells. Furthermore, the presence of ethanol was found crucial to overcome stickiness phenomenon by interrupting hydrogen bonding between drug and polymer. In vitro dissolution studies displayed an initial burst effect followed with prolonged (up to 4 h) drug release stage. By modifying spray-drying temperature, alterations in microbeads' swelling capacity and drug release were observed. Cytotoxicity studies using human vaginal cell line VK2/E6E7 revealed that drug-free formulations exerted no significant impact on mucosal cells, suggesting they are safe for vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Szymanska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Julia Jacyna
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Basa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Michal Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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A Caulobacter crescentus Microbicide Protects from Vaginal Infection with HIV-1 JR-CSF in Humanized Bone Marrow-Liver-Thymus Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00614-19. [PMID: 31243127 PMCID: PMC6714793 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00614-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionally infects young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Current HIV-1 prevention options have had limited success among women, suggesting that alternative, female-controlled prevention options need to be developed. Microbicides that can be applied to the vaginal tract are a promising prevention option. In this study, we describe the testing of 15 potential candidates for inhibition of HIV-1 infection in a humanized mouse model of HIV-1 infection. Four of these candidates were able to provide significant protection from vaginal infection with HIV-1, with the most successful candidate protecting 75% of the mice from infection. This study describes the preclinical testing of a new strategy that could be a safe and effective option for HIV-1 prevention in women. Over 2 million people are infected with HIV-1 annually. Approximately half of these new infections occur in women residing in low-income countries, where their access to and control over HIV-1 preventative measures are often limited, indicating that female-controlled prevention options for HIV-1 are urgently needed. Microbicides that can be topically applied to the vaginal tract in advance of sexual activity represent a promising female-controlled prevention option for HIV-1. We have previously described the development of an HIV-1-specific microbicide using the surface or S-layer recombinant protein display capabilities of the nonpathogenic, freshwater bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Recombinant C. crescentus bacteria were created that displayed proteins that interfere with the HIV-1 attachment and entry process and that were able to provide significant protection of TZM-bl cells from infection with HIV-1 pseudovirus. These studies have been expanded to investigate if these recombinant C. crescentus bacteria are able to maintain efficacy with replication-competent HIV-1 and both TZM-bl cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, we utilized the humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mouse model to determine if vaginal application of recombinant C. crescentus at the time of HIV-1JR-CSF infection could provide protection from HIV-1 infection. Recombinant C. crescentus bacteria expressing Griffithsin, GB virus C E2 protein, elafin, α-1-antitrypsin, indolicidin, and the fusion inhibitor T-1249 were able to protect 40 to 75% of the BLT mice from vaginal infection with HIV-1JR-CSF, with C. crescentus bacteria expressing Griffithsin being the most effective. Taken together, these data suggest that a C. crescentus-based microbicide could be a safe and effective method for HIV-1 prevention. IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionally infects young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Current HIV-1 prevention options have had limited success among women, suggesting that alternative, female-controlled prevention options need to be developed. Microbicides that can be applied to the vaginal tract are a promising prevention option. In this study, we describe the testing of 15 potential candidates for inhibition of HIV-1 infection in a humanized mouse model of HIV-1 infection. Four of these candidates were able to provide significant protection from vaginal infection with HIV-1, with the most successful candidate protecting 75% of the mice from infection. This study describes the preclinical testing of a new strategy that could be a safe and effective option for HIV-1 prevention in women.
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An effective and biocompatible polyethylenimine based vaginal suppository for gene delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:101994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Barre A, Simplicien M, Benoist H, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Mannose-Specific Lectins from Marine Algae: Diverse Structural Scaffolds Associated to Common Virucidal and Anti-Cancer Properties. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E440. [PMID: 31357490 PMCID: PMC6723950 DOI: 10.3390/md17080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of mannose-specific lectins have been isolated and characterized from seaweeds, especially from red algae. In fact, man-specific seaweed lectins consist of different structural scaffolds harboring a single or a few carbohydrate-binding sites which specifically recognize mannose-containing glycans. Depending on the structural scaffold, man-specific seaweed lectins belong to five distinct structurally-related lectin families, namely (1) the griffithsin lectin family (β-prism I scaffold); (2) the Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin homolog (OAAH) lectin family (β-barrel scaffold); (3) the legume lectin-like lectin family (β-sandwich scaffold); (4) the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-like lectin family (β-prism II scaffold); and, (5) the MFP2-like lectin family (MFP2-like scaffold). Another algal lectin from Ulva pertusa, has been inferred to the methanol dehydrogenase related lectin family, because it displays a rather different GlcNAc-specificity. In spite of these structural discrepancies, all members from the five lectin families share a common ability to specifically recognize man-containing glycans and, especially, high-mannose type glycans. Because of their mannose-binding specificity, these lectins have been used as valuable tools for deciphering and characterizing the complex mannose-containing glycans from the glycocalyx covering both normal and transformed cells, and as diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs that specifically recognize the altered high-mannose N-glycans occurring at the surface of various cancer cells. In addition to these anti-cancer properties, man-specific seaweed lectins have been widely used as potent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-inactivating proteins, due to their capacity to specifically interact with the envelope glycoprotein gp120 and prevent the virion infectivity of HIV-1 towards the host CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Simplicien
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Regev G, Patel SK, Moncla BJ, Twist J, Devlin B, Rohan LC. Novel Application of Hot Melt Extrusion for the Manufacturing of Vaginal Films Containing Microbicide Candidate Dapivirine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:239. [PMID: 31243640 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric films are safe and effective and can be used for vaginal administration of microbicide drug candidates. Dapivirine (DPV), an investigational and clinically advanced antiretroviral drug, was selected as a model compound for this study. We have previously developed and clinically tested a quick-dissolving DPV film using solvent cast (SC) manufacturing technique. As an alternative to current pharmaceutical film manufacturing techniques, we investigated hot melt extrusion (HME) process in this study because it has several benefits, including its capacity as a continuous manufacturing process, lack of solvents, smaller footprint, and ease of scalability. The goal of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using HME for DPV vaginal film manufacturing and to develop a robust manufacturing process using HME by evaluating the effect of process parameters on film quality and performance. DPV was successfully incorporated into a vaginal film using HME and maintained acceptable characteristics. Three process parameters (zone temperature, screw speed, and feed rate) had an impact on film quality and performance. Of these, the zone temperature was found to most significantly affect weight, thickness, puncture strength, and dissolution of films. Additionally, film manufacturing using HME was highly reproducible. Finally, the DPV HME film was comparable to films manufactured using SC in terms of physicochemical, biological, and safety characteristics including in vitro drug release, mechanical strength, tissue permeability, compatibility with commensal vaginal Lactobacilli, and in vitro bioactivity. These results demonstrate that HME is an effective, robust, and viable manufacturing method to produce vaginal films.
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Besednova NN, Zvyagintseva TN, Kuznetsova TA, Makarenkova ID, Smolina TP, Fedyanina LN, Kryzhanovsky SP, Zaporozhets TS. Marine Algae Metabolites as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Metabolites 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 31052506 PMCID: PMC6572556 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an analysis of works devoted to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of algae metabolites-sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans, carrageenans), lectins, laminarans, and polyphenols. Despite the presence of a significant number of antiretroviral drugs, the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic agents against this infection remains very urgent problem. This is due to the variability of HIV, the absence of an animal model (except monkeys) and natural immunity to this virus and the toxicity of therapeutic agents and their high cost. In this regard, the need for new therapeutic approaches and broad-spectrum drugs, which in addition to antiviral effects can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, and to which the minimum resistance of HIV strains would be formed. These requirements meet the biologically active substances of marine algae. The results of experimental and clinical studies conducted in vitro and in vivo are presented, and the issues of the anti-HIV activity of these compounds are considered depending on their structural features. On the whole, the presented data prove the high efficiency of seaweed metabolites and justify the possibility of their use as a potential basis for the development of new drugs with a wide spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana A Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ilona D Makarenkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Smolina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ludmila N Fedyanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | | | - Tatyana S Zaporozhets
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Coulibaly FS, Ezoulin MJM, Dim DC, Molteni A, Youan BBC. Preclinical Safety Evaluation of HIV-1 gp120 Responsive Microbicide Delivery System in C57BL/6 Female Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:595-606. [PMID: 30525661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many novel vaginal/rectal microbicide formulations failed clinically due to safety concerns, indicating the need for the early investigation of lead microbicide formulations. In this study, the preclinical safety of an HIV-1 gp120 and mannose responsive microbicide delivery system (MRP) is evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. MRP was engineered through the layer-by-layer coating of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) and glycogen. MRP mean particle diameter and zeta potential were 857.8 ± 93.1 nm and 2.37 ± 4.12 mV, respectively. Tenofovir (TFV) encapsulation and loading efficiencies in MRP were 70.1% and 16.3% w/w, respectively. When exposed to HIV-1 rgp120 (25 μg/mL), MRP released a significant amount of TFV (∼5-fold higher) in vaginal and seminal fluid mixture compared to the control (pre-exposure) level (∼59 μg/mL) in vaginal fluid alone. Unlike the positive control treated groups (e.g., nonoxynol-9), no significant histological damages and CD45+ cells infiltration were observed in the vaginal and major reproductive organ epithelial layers. This was probably due to MRP biocompatibility and its isosmolality (304.33 ± 0.58 mOsm/kg). Furthermore, compared to negative controls, there was no statistically significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1α, Ilβ, IL7, IP10, and TNFα. Collectively, these data suggest that MRP is a relatively safe nanotemplate for HIV-1 gp120 stimuli responsive vaginal microbicide delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fohona S Coulibaly
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , 2464 Charlotte , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Miezan J M Ezoulin
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , 2464 Charlotte , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Daniel C Dim
- School of Medicine , University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Agostino Molteni
- School of Medicine , University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Bi-Botti C Youan
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , 2464 Charlotte , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
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Li L, Yu X, Zhang H, Cheng H, Hou L, Zheng Q, Hou J. In vitro antiviral activity of Griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virus Genes 2019; 55:174-181. [PMID: 30637608 PMCID: PMC7089098 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. The objective of this study was to assess Griffithsin’s inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The results showed that Griffithsin reduced PEDV infection of Vero cells by approximately 82.8%. Moreover, using time-of-addition assays and RT-qPCR, we found that delayed addition of Griffithsin had a weaker inhibitory effect on PEDV than earlier treatment. The mechanism of Griffithsin’s action against PEDV involved both preventing viral attachment to host cells and disrupting cell-to-cell transmission; its dual mode of action distinguished Griffithsin from most other antiviral drugs. In conclusion, Griffithsin was identified as a potent PEDV inhibitor and may represent a candidate drug for preventing PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoming Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiwei Cheng
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liting Hou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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47
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Li L, Tian X, Chen J, Li P, Zheng Q, Hou J. Griffithsin inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in vitro. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3317-3325. [PMID: 30220033 PMCID: PMC7087274 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen that severely disrupts swine production. Despite sustained efforts, the disease is still endemic, with high mortality and morbidity. New antiviral strategies to control PRRSV are needed. Griffithsin, a red algal lectin, has potent antiviral effect on several human enveloped viruses, but this effect has not been demonstrated on PRRSV. Here, we first tested the in vitro antiviral activity of Griffithsin against PRRSV. Griffithsin exerted strong saccharide-dependent antiviral activity against PRRSV, probably through interactions with glycans on the surface of PRRSV that interfered with virus entry. Furthermore we revealed that Griffithsin's action on PRRSV involved blocking viral adsorption, and it had no effect on viral penetration. Besides Our findings also suggested that Griffithsin may interfere with cell-to-cell spread to prevent virus transmission. The remarkable potency profile of Griffithsin supports its potential value as an antiviral agent against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Research, Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Research, Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- National Research, Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- National Research, Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research, Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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48
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Asai D, Nakashima H. Pathogenic Viruses Commonly Present in the Oral Cavity and Relevant Antiviral Compounds Derived from Natural Products. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5040120. [PMID: 30424484 PMCID: PMC6313515 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses, such as human herpesviruses, may be present in the human oral cavity, but most are usually asymptomatic. However, if individuals become immunocompromised by age, illness, or as a side effect of therapy, these dormant viruses can be activated and produce a variety of pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Unfortunately, available treatments for viral infectious diseases are limited, because (1) there are diseases for which no treatment is available; (2) drug-resistant strains of virus may appear; (3) incomplete eradication of virus may lead to recurrence. Rational design strategies are widely used to optimize the potency and selectivity of drug candidates, but discovery of leads for new antiviral agents, especially leads with novel structures, still relies mostly on large-scale screening programs, and many hits are found among natural products, such as extracts of marine sponges, sea algae, plants, and arthropods. Here, we review representative viruses found in the human oral cavity and their effects, together with relevant antiviral compounds derived from natural products. We also highlight some recent emerging pharmaceutical technologies with potential to deliver antivirals more effectively for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asai
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
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49
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Kim BM, Lotter‐Stark HCT, Rybicki EP, Chikwamba RK, Palmer KE. Characterization of the hypersensitive response-like cell death phenomenon induced by targeting antiviral lectin griffithsin to the secretory pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1811-1821. [PMID: 29509998 PMCID: PMC6131415 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT) is an antiviral lectin, originally derived from a red alga, which is currently being investigated as a topical microbicide to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Targeting GRFT to the apoplast for production in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in necrotic symptoms associated with a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, accompanied by H2 O2 generation and increased PR1 expression. Mannose-binding lectins surfactant protein D (SP-D), cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and human mannose-binding lectin (hMBL) also induce salicylic acid (SA)-dependent HR-like cell death in N. benthamiana, and this effect is mediated by the lectin's glycan binding activity. We found that secreted GRFT interacts with an endogenous glycoprotein, α-xylosidase (XYL1), which is involved in cell wall organization. The necrotic effect could be mitigated by overexpression of Arabidopsis XYL1, and by co-expression of SA-degrading enzyme NahG, providing strategies for enhancing expression of oligomannose-binding lectins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Min Kim
- Center for Predictive MedicineJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Department of Molecular & Cell BiologyInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Rachel K. Chikwamba
- BiosciencesCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Center for Predictive MedicineJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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50
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Derby N, Lal M, Aravantinou M, Kizima L, Barnable P, Rodriguez A, Lai M, Wesenberg A, Ugaonkar S, Levendosky K, Mizenina O, Kleinbeck K, Lifson JD, Peet MM, Lloyd Z, Benson M, Heneine W, O'Keefe BR, Robbiani M, Martinelli E, Grasperge B, Blanchard J, Gettie A, Teleshova N, Fernández-Romero JA, Zydowsky TM. Griffithsin carrageenan fast dissolving inserts prevent SHIV HSV-2 and HPV infections in vivo. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3881. [PMID: 30250170 PMCID: PMC6155161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies with proven in vivo efficacy rely on antiretroviral drugs, creating the potential for drug resistance and complicated treatment options in individuals who become infected. Moreover, on-demand products are currently missing from the PrEP development portfolio. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a non-antiretroviral HIV entry inhibitor derived from red algae with an excellent safety profile and potent activity in vitro. When combined with carrageenan (CG), GRFT has strong activity against herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that GRFT/CG in a freeze-dried fast dissolving insert (FDI) formulation for on-demand use protects rhesus macaques from a high dose vaginal SHIV SF162P3 challenge 4 h after FDI insertion. Furthermore, the GRFT/CG FDI also protects mice vaginally against HSV-2 and HPV pseudovirus. As a safe, potent, broad-spectrum, on-demand non-antiretroviral product, the GRFT/CG FDI warrants clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Derby
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Manjari Lal
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Meropi Aravantinou
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Larisa Kizima
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Barnable
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aixa Rodriguez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Manshun Lai
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Asa Wesenberg
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shweta Ugaonkar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Keith Levendosky
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olga Mizenina
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kyle Kleinbeck
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Dr, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - M Melissa Peet
- MPI Research, 54943 N. Main St, Mattawan, MI, 49071, USA
| | - Zachary Lloyd
- MPI Research, 54943 N. Main St, Mattawan, MI, 49071, USA
| | - Michael Benson
- MPI Research, 54943 N. Main St, Mattawan, MI, 49071, USA
| | - Walid Heneine
- Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, and Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 21-105, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | | | - Elena Martinelli
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brooke Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd, Covington, LA, 70433-8915, USA
| | - James Blanchard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd, Covington, LA, 70433-8915, USA
| | - Agegnehu Gettie
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 1st Ave. #7, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Natalia Teleshova
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - José A Fernández-Romero
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, 199 Chambers St, New York, NY, 10007, USA
| | - Thomas M Zydowsky
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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