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Wiarda JE, Shircliff AL, Becker SR, Stasko JB, Sivasankaran SK, Ackermann MR, Loving CL. Conserved B cell signaling, activation, and differentiation in porcine jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches despite distinct immune landscapes. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00086-2. [PMID: 39147277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are B cell-rich sites of intestinal immune induction, yet PP-associated B cell signaling, activation, and differentiation are poorly defined. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics were completed to study B cells from porcine jejunum and ileum containing PPs. Intestinal locations had distinct immune landscapes, including more follicular B cells in ileum and increased MHC-II-encoding gene expression in jejunal B cells. Despite distinct landscapes, conserved B cell dynamics were detected across intestinal locations, including B cell signaling to CD4+ macrophages that are putative phagocytic, cytotoxic, effector cells and deduced routes of B cell activation/differentiation, including resting B cells migrating into follicles to replicate/divide or differentiate into antibody-secreting cells residing in intestinal crypts. A six-biomarker panel recapitulated transcriptomics findings of B cell phenotypes, frequencies, and spatial locations via ex vivo and in situ staining. Findings convey conserved B cell dynamics across intestinal locations containing PPs, despite location-specific immune environments. Results establish a benchmark of B cell dynamics for understanding intestinal immune induction important to promoting gut/overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Adrienne L Shircliff
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sage R Becker
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Judith B Stasko
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sathesh K Sivasankaran
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA; Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mark R Ackermann
- Office of the Director, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
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Tao L, Jiang W, Li H, Wang X, Tian Z, Yang K, Zhu Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that an imbalance in monocyte subsets rather than changes in gene expression patterns is a feature of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:980-993. [PMID: 38652170 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of monocytes in postmenopausal osteoporosis is widely recognized; however, the mechanisms underlying monocyte reprogramming remain unknown. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on CD14+ bone marrow monocytes obtained from 3 postmenopausal women with normal BMD and 3 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Monocle2 was used to classify the monocytes into 7 distinct clusters. The proportion of cluster 1 significantly decreased in PMOP patients, while the proportion of cluster 7 increased. Further analysis via GSEA, transcription factor activity analysis, and sc-metabolic analysis revealed significant differences between clusters 1 and 7. Cluster 7 exhibited upregulated pathways associated with inflammation, immunity, and osteoclast differentiation, whereas cluster 1 demonstrated the opposite results. Monocle2, TSCAN, VECTOR, and scVelo data indicated that cluster 1 represented the initial subset and that cluster 7 represents one of the terminal subsets. BayesPrism and ssGSEA were employed to analyze the bulk transcriptome data obtained from the GEO database. The observed alterations in the proportions of 1 and 7 were validated and found to have diagnostic significance. CD16 serves as the marker gene for cluster 7, thus leading to an increased proportion of CD16+ monocytes in women with PMOP. Flow cytometry was used to assess the consistency of outcomes with those of the bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, an additional scRNA-seq analysis was conducted on bone marrow mononuclear cells obtained from 3 patients with PMOP and 3 postmenopausal women with normal BMD. The differential proportions of cluster 1 and cluster 7 were once again confirmed, with the pathological effect of cluster 7 may attribute to cell-cell communication. The scRNA-seq findings suggest that an imbalance in monocyte subsets is a characteristic feature of PMOP. These findings elucidate the limitations of utilizing bulk transcriptome data for detecting alterations in monocytes, which may influence novel research inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Zixuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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Hirayama AV, Wright JH, Smythe KS, Fiorenza S, Shaw AN, Gauthier J, Maloney DG, Naresh KN, Yeung CCS, Turtle CJ. PD-L1 + macrophage and tumor cell abundance and proximity to T cells in the pretreatment large B-cell lymphoma microenvironment impact CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy efficacy. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e142. [PMID: 39113729 PMCID: PMC11303978 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has transformed the management of relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), yet durable remissions are observed in less than half of treated patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key and understudied factor impacting CD19 CAR-T therapy outcomes. Using NanoString nCounter transcriptome profiling (n = 24) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC, n = 15), we studied the TME in pretreatment biopsies from patients with LBCL undergoing CD19 CAR-T therapy. Patients who achieved complete response (CR) after CAR-T therapy demonstrated higher expression of genes associated with T-cell trafficking and function, whereas those who did not achieve CR had higher expression of genes associated with macrophages and T-cell dysfunction. Distinct patterns of immune infiltration and fibrosis in the TME were associated with CAR-T therapy outcomes, and these findings were corroborated using artificial intelligence-assisted image analyses. Patients who achieved CR had a lower proportion of the biopsy occupied by an interspersed immune infiltrate and a higher proportion of hypocellular/fibrotic regions. Furthermore, mIHC revealed lower density of CD4+ T cells and higher densities of both macrophages and tumor cells expressing PD-L1 in non-CR patients. Spatial analysis revealed that PD-1+ T cells were in close proximity to PD-L1+ macrophages or PD-L1+ tumor cells in patients who did not compared to those who did achieve CR after CAR-T therapy. These findings suggest that morphologic patterns in the TME and engagement of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in pretreatment biopsies may impact CD19 CAR-T immunotherapy response in patients with LBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Hirayama
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jocelyn H. Wright
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kimberly S. Smythe
- Translational Science and Therapeutics DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Salvatore Fiorenza
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Akira N. Shaw
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - David G. Maloney
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kikkeri N. Naresh
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Cecilia C. S. Yeung
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Cameron J. Turtle
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Integrated Immunotherapy Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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Thin KA, Cross A, Angsuwatcharakon P, Mutirangura A, Puttipanyalears C, Edwards SW. Changes in immune cell subtypes during ageing. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105376. [PMID: 38412791 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system comprises many different types of cells, each with different functions and properties during immune defence. The numbers and types of immune cells in the circulation is highly dynamic and regulated by infections, ageing and certain types of cancers. It is recognised that immune function decreases during ageing, but the biological age at which these functional changes occur is variable, and how ageing affects the different sub-types of lymphocytes, monocytes and NK cells in the circulation is not fully defined. METHODS In this study, we recruited 24 healthy volunteers over the age range of 23y to 89y and measured the numbers of different subclasses of circulating cells by immuno-phenotyping and flow cytometry. RESULTS We show increased monocyte:lymphocyte ratios in a > 50y cohort and most T cell subsets were decreased, except for CD4+ cells, which were increased in this cohort. In addition, there was NK cell expansion and increased HLA-DR+ T cells, but decreased numbers of classical monocytes and increased numbers of CD4+ monocytes in this >50y cohort. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that healthy ageing is associated with changes in both the major cell groups but also individual subclasses of cells, and these are likely to result from continuous immune challenge and impaired development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Aye Thin
- Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology between Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Cross
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charoenchai Puttipanyalears
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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Bruserud Ø, Selheim F, Hernandez-Valladares M, Reikvam H. Monocytic Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: Diagnostic Criteria, Biological Heterogeneity, Mitochondrial Metabolism, Resistance to and Induction by Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6356. [PMID: 38928061 PMCID: PMC11203697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We review the importance of monocytic differentiation and differentiation induction in non-APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia) variants of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignancy characterized by proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Even though the cellular differentiation block is a fundamental characteristic, the AML cells can show limited signs of differentiation. According to the French-American-British (FAB-M4/M5 subset) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classifications, monocytic differentiation is characterized by morphological signs and the expression of specific molecular markers involved in cellular communication and adhesion. Furthermore, monocytic FAB-M4/M5 patients are heterogeneous with regards to cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities, and monocytic differentiation does not have any major prognostic impact for these patients when receiving conventional intensive cytotoxic therapy. In contrast, FAB-M4/M5 patients have decreased susceptibility to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, and this seems to be due to common molecular characteristics involving mitochondrial regulation of the cellular metabolism and survival, including decreased dependency on Bcl-2 compared to other AML patients. Thus, the susceptibility to Bcl-2 inhibition does not only depend on general resistance/susceptibility mechanisms known from conventional AML therapy but also specific mechanisms involving the molecular target itself or the molecular context of the target. AML cell differentiation status is also associated with susceptibility to other targeted therapies (e.g., CDK2/4/6 and bromodomain inhibition), and differentiation induction seems to be a part of the antileukemic effect for several targeted anti-AML therapies. Differentiation-associated molecular mechanisms may thus become important in the future implementation of targeted therapies in human AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cell Differentiation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- Proteomics Unit of University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Burns GW, Fu Z, Vegter EL, Madaj ZB, Greaves E, Flores I, Fazleabas AT. Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Epithelium-Macrophage Crosstalk in Endometriotic Lesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.23.586434. [PMID: 38798560 PMCID: PMC11118356 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.23.586434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of endometriosis, characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify cell type-specific gene expression changes in superficial peritoneal endometriotic lesions and elucidate the crosstalk among the stroma, epithelium, and macrophages compared to patient-matched eutopic endometrium. Surprisingly, comparison between lesions and eutopic endometrium revealed transcriptional similarities, indicating minimal alterations in the sub-epithelial stroma and epithelium of lesions. Spatial transcriptomics highlighted increased signaling between the lesion epithelium and macrophages, emphasizing the role of the epithelium in driving lesion inflammation. We propose that the superficial endometriotic lesion epithelium orchestrates inflammatory signaling and promotes a pro-repair phenotype in macrophages, providing a new role for Complement 3 in lesion pathobiology. This study underscores the significance of considering spatial context and cellular interactions in uncovering mechanisms governing disease in endometriotic lesions.
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Xing R, Zhang Y, Zhang L. CD4 expression on monocytes correlates with recovery from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality in patients with septic shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1328719. [PMID: 38799147 PMCID: PMC11116609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1328719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the correlation between CD4 on the monocytes (mCD4) expression and the prognosis of patients with septic shock remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of mCD4 in these patients and further evaluate whether mCD4 expression correlates with either the recovery from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or mortality. Methods The study participants were recruited from a tertiary general hospital in China (Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University). Sepsis and septic shock were diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of Sepsis-3. MODS was defined as a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of at least two organ systems ≥2. Persistent MODS was defined as the continual meeting of the MODS criteria when re-evaluated one week after admission (day 7). A logistic regression model was used to test whether mCD4 was an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with septic shock. A paired sample rank sum test was used to examine the correlation between mCD4 expression and MODS recovery. Result The study recruited 79 patients with septic shock as the study group, 74 patients with sepsis as the disease control group, and 56 volunteers as healthy controls. In the first 24 h after admission (day 1), mCD4 expression was significantly reduced in patients with septic shock compared to healthy controls and patients with sepsis. Moreover, mCD4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital and 28 day mortality in patients with septic shock. mCD4 expression did not show significant differences in patients with persistent MODS on day 7 compared to day 1. However, mCD4 expression was significantly higher in patients without persistent MODS on day 7 than on day 1. Conclusion mCD4 expression is significantly reduced in patients with septic shock, which is an independent prognostic factor for mortality and closely related to recovery from MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Xing
- The Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Hu Q, Zhang T, He H, Pu F, Zhang R, Li L, Hu J, Bai L, Han C, Wang J, Liu H. Impacts of longitudinal water curtain cooling system on transcriptome-related immunity in ducks. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:333. [PMID: 38570739 PMCID: PMC10988813 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The closed poultry houses integrated with a longitudinal water curtain cooling system (LWCCS) are widely used in modern poultry production. This study showed the variations in environmental conditions in closed houses integrated with a longitudinal water curtain cooling system. We evaluated the influence of different environmental conditions on duck growth performance and the transcriptome changes of immune organs, including the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen. RESULT This study investigated the slaughter indicators and immune organ transcriptomes of 52-day-old Cherry Valley ducks by analyzing the LWCC at different locations (water curtain end, middle position, and fan cooling end). The results showed that the cooling effect of the LWCCS was more evident from 10:00 a.m. -14:00. And from the water curtain end to the fan cooling end, the hourly average temperature differently decreased by 0.310℃, 0.450℃, 0.480℃, 0.520℃, and 0.410℃, respectively (P < 0.05). The daily and hourly average relative humidity decreased from the water curtain end to the fan cooling end, dropping by 7.500% and 8.200%, respectively (P < 0.01). We also observed differences in production performance, such as dressing weight, half-eviscerated weight, skin fat rate, and percentage of abdominal fat (P < 0.01), which may have been caused by environmental conditions. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed 211 and 279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ducks' bursa of Fabricius and spleen compared between the water curtain end and fan cooling end, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the two organs showed the DEGs were mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, integral component of membrane, Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway, etc. Our results implied that full-closed poultry houses integrated with LWCCS could potentially alter micro-environments (water curtain vs. fan cooling), resulting in ducks experiencing various stressful situations that eventually affect their immunity and production performance. CONCLUSION In this study, our results indicated that uneven distributions of longitudinal environmental factors caused by LWCCS would affect the dressed weight, breast muscle weight, skin fat rate, and other product performance. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and bursa of ducks could be affected by the LWCCS. This provides a new reference to optimize the use of LWCCS in conjunction with close duck houses in practical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fajun Pu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chunchun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 611130, Chengdu, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, P.R. China.
- National Key Laboratory for Swine and Poultry Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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Ye Z, Deng X, Zhang J, Shao R, Song C, Zhao J, Tang H. Causal relationship between immune cells and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381920. [PMID: 38566827 PMCID: PMC10985200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the abundance of research indicating the participation of immune cells in prostate cancer development, establishing a definitive cause-and-effect relationship has proven to be a difficult undertaking. Methods This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR), leveraging genetic variables related to immune cells from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to investigate this association. The primary analytical method used in this study is inverse variance weighting (IVW) analysis. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Results The study identifies four immune cell traits as causally contributing to prostate cancer risk, including CD127- CD8+ T cell %CD8+ T cell (OR = 1.0042, 95%CI:1.0011-1.0073, p = 0.0077), CD45RA on CD39+ resting CD4 regulatory T cell (OR = 1.0029, 95%CI:1.0008-1.0050, p = 0.0065), CD62L- Dendritic Cell Absolute Count (OR = 1.0016; 95%CI:1.0005-1.0026; p = 0.0039), CX3CR1 on CD14+ CD16- monocyte (OR = 1.0024, 95%CI:1.0007-1.0040, p = 0.0060). Additionally, two immune cell traits are identified as causally protective factors: CD4 on monocyte (OR = 0.9975, 95%CI:0.9958-0.9992, p = 0.0047), FSC-A on plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (OR = 0.9983, 95%CI:0.9970-0.9995, p = 0.0070). Sensitivity analyses indicated no horizontal pleiotropy. Discussion Our MR study provide evidence for a causal relationship between immune cells and prostate cancer, holding implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Sabour S, Li JF, Lipscomb JT, Santos Tino AP, Johnson JA. Immunocapture of cell surface proteins embedded in HIV envelopes uncovers considerable virion genetic diversity associated with different source cell types. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296891. [PMID: 38412143 PMCID: PMC10898758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV particles in the blood largely originate from activated lymphocytes and can overshadow variants which may be expressed from other cell types. Investigations of virus persistence must be able to distinguish cells refractory to viral clearance that serve as reservoirs. To investigate additional cell types that may be associated with in vivo HIV expression we developed a virus particle immunomagnetic capture method targeting several markers of cellular origin that become embedded within virion envelopes during budding. We evaluated the ability of markers to better distinguish cell lineage source subpopulations by assessing combinations of different antibodies with cell-sorted in vitro culture and clinical specimens. Various deductive algorithms were designed to discriminate source cell lineages and subsets. From the particle capture algorithms, we identified distinct variants expressed within individuals that were associated with disparate cellular markers. Among the variants uncovered were minority-level viruses with drug resistance mutations undetected by sequencing and often were associated with markers indicative of myeloid lineage (CD3-/CD10-/CD16+ or /CD14+, and CD3-/CD16-/CD14-/CD11c+ or /HLA-DR+) cell sources. The diverse HIV genetic sequences expressed from different cell types within individuals, further supported by the appearance of distinct drug-resistant variants, highlights the complexity of HIV reservoirs in vivo which must be considered for HIV cure strategies. This approach could also be helpful in examining in vivo host cell origins and genetic diversity in infections involving other families of budding viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sabour
- ORISE Fellowship Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of HIV Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jin-Fen Li
- Division of HIV Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of HIV Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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11
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Ravkov EV, Williams ESCP, Elgort M, Barker AP, Planelles V, Spivak AM, Delgado JC, Lin L, Hanley TM. Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1329026. [PMID: 38250080 PMCID: PMC10797708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during the convalescent phase of disease or during long COVID. We sought to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the proportions of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, their activation status, and their functional properties in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry to determine relative percentages of total monocytes and monocyte subsets. The expression of activation markers and proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results We found that the percentage of total monocytes was decreased in convalescent COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected controls. This was due to decreased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients demonstrated a decrease in activation markers, such as CD56, in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients showed decreased expression of CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, we found that monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients produced less TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, than those from uninfected controls. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits a clear effect on the relative proportions of monocyte subsets, the activation status of classical monocytes, and proinflammatory cytokine production that persists during the convalescent phase of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Ravkov
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marc Elgort
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam P. Barker
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Julio C. Delgado
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Leo Lin
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Timothy M. Hanley
- ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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12
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Dong Y, Yan W, Zhang YQ, Dai ZY. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from tilapia skin: Preparation, identification and its potential antihypertensive mechanism. Food Chem 2024; 430:137074. [PMID: 37549627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To obtain food-derived peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity, tilapia skin was pretreated with steam explosion prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that steam explosion pretreatment improved the hydrolysis efficiency and ACE inhibitory activity of fish skin hydrolysates. A novel ACE inhibitory peptide VGLFPSRSF (1009.17 Da) was obtained from steam-exploded fish skin hydrolysates. VGLFPSRSF had an IC50 value of 61.43 μM for ACE inhibitory activity, showing a non-competitive binding mode and gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysis resistance. Molecular docking results showed that VGLFPSRSF interacted with ACE receptor protein through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Based on the results of network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking, VGLFPSRSF might regulate blood pressure through interaction with hypertensive targets such as AKT1, ACE, CD4, REN, and MMP9. Steam-exploded tilapia skin peptides had potential antihypertension activity and might be promising to achieve high-value utilization of fish skin by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Wen Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China
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13
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Ravkov EV, Williams ESCP, Elgort M, Barker AP, Planelles V, Spivak AM, Delgado JC, Lin L, Hanley TM. Reduced Monocyte Proportions and Responsiveness in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563806. [PMID: 37961575 PMCID: PMC10634809 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during the convalescent phase of disease or during long COVID. We investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the proportions of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes, their activation status, and their functional properties in convalescent COVID-19 patients and uninfected control subjects. We found that the percentage of total monocytes was decreased in convalescent COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected controls. This was due to decreased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients demonstrated a decrease in activation markers, such as CD56, in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients showed decreased expression of CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, we found that monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients produced less TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, than those from uninfected controls. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits a clear effect on the relative proportions of monocyte subsets, the activation status of classical monocytes, and proinflammatory cytokine production that persists during the convalescent phase of disease.
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14
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Liang Q, Wang L, Xu J, Lin A, Wu Y, Tao Q, Zhang B, Min H, Song S, Gao Q. A burns and COVID-19 shared stress responding gene network deciphers CD1C-CD141- DCs as the key cellular components in septic prognosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:258. [PMID: 37488118 PMCID: PMC10366195 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential body responses to various stresses, infectious or noninfectious, govern clinical outcomes ranging from asymptoma to death. However, the common molecular and cellular nature of the stress responsome across different stimuli is not described. In this study, we compared the expression behaviors between burns and COVID-19 infection by choosing the transcriptome of peripheral blood from related patients as the analytic target since the blood cells reflect the systemic landscape of immune status. To this end, we identified an immune co-stimulator (CD86)-centered network, named stress-response core (SRC), which was robustly co-expressed in burns and COVID-19. The enhancement of SRC genes (SRCs) expression indicated favorable prognosis and less severity in both conditions. An independent whole blood single-cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patients demonstrated that the monocyte-dendritic cell (Mono-DC) wing was the major cellular source of SRC, among which the higher expression of the SRCs in the monocyte was associated with the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, while the quantity-restricted and function-defected CD1C-CD141-DCs were recognized as the key signature which linked to bad consequences. Specifically, the proportion of the CD1C-CD141-DCs and their SRCs expression were step-wise reduced along with worse clinic conditions while the subcluster of CD1C-CD141-DCs from the critical COVID-19 patients was characterized of IFN signaling quiescence, high mitochondrial metabolism and immune-communication inactivation. Thus, our study identified an expression-synchronized and function-focused gene network in Mono-DC population whose expression status was prognosis-related and might serve as a new target of diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Doloff JC, Ma M, Sadraei A, Tam HH, Farah S, Hollister-Lock J, Vegas AJ, Veiseh O, Quiroz VM, Rakoski A, Aresta-DaSilva S, Bader AR, Griffin M, Weir GC, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Langer R, Greiner DL, Anderson DG. Identification of a humanized mouse model for functional testing of immune-mediated biomaterial foreign body response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9488. [PMID: 37327334 PMCID: PMC10275594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical devices comprise a major component of modern medicine, however immune-mediated fibrosis and rejection can limit their function over time. Here, we describe a humanized mouse model that recapitulates fibrosis following biomaterial implantation. Cellular and cytokine responses to multiple biomaterials were evaluated across different implant sites. Human innate immune macrophages were verified as essential to biomaterial rejection in this model and were capable of cross-talk with mouse fibroblasts for collagen matrix deposition. Cytokine and cytokine receptor array analysis confirmed core signaling in the fibrotic cascade. Foreign body giant cell formation, often unobserved in mice, was also prominent. Last, high-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexed antibody capture digital profiling analysis supplied spatial resolution of rejection responses. This model enables the study of human immune cell-mediated fibrosis and interactions with implanted biomaterials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Doloff
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Atieh Sadraei
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hok Hei Tam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shady Farah
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor M. Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephanie Aresta-DaSilva
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bader
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marissa Griffin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordon C. Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Centre of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Centre of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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17
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Alvarez-Rivera E, Rodríguez-Valentín M, Boukli NM. The Antiviral Compound PSP Inhibits HIV-1 Entry via PKR-Dependent Activation in Monocytic Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:804. [PMID: 36992512 PMCID: PMC10051440 DOI: 10.3390/v15030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerization factor (ADF) cofilin-1 is a key cytoskeleton component that serves to lessen cortical actin. HIV-1 manipulates cofilin-1 regulation as a pre- and post-entry requisite. Disruption of ADF signaling is associated with denial of entry. The unfolded protein response (UPR) marker Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and interferon-induced protein (IFN-IP) double-stranded RNA- activated protein kinase (PKR) are reported to overlap with actin components. In our published findings, Coriolus versicolor bioactive extract polysaccharide peptide (PSP) has demonstrated anti-HIV replicative properties in THP1 monocytic cells. However, its involvement towards viral infectivity has not been elucidated before. In the present study, we examined the roles of PKR and IRE1α in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and its HIV-1 restrictive roles in THP1. HIV-1 p24 antigen was measured through infected supernatant to determine PSP's restrictive potential. Quantitative proteomics was performed to analyze cytoskeletal and UPR regulators. PKR, IRE1α, and cofilin-1 biomarkers were measured through immunoblots. Validation of key proteome markers was done through RT-qPCR. PKR/IRE1α inhibitors were used to validate viral entry and cofilin-1 phosphorylation through Western blots. Our findings show that PSP treatment before infection leads to an overall lower infectivity. Additionally, PKR and IRE1α show to be key regulators in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and viral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
| | | | - Nawal M. Boukli
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
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18
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Ma N, Chen Z, Liu G, Yue Y, Li Y, Cheng K, Ma X, Feng Q, Liang J, Zhang T, Gao X, Wang X, Guo X, Zhu F, Nie G, Zhao X. Normalizing the Immune Macroenvironment via Debulking Surgery to Strengthen Tumor Nanovaccine Efficacy and Eliminate Metastasis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:437-452. [PMID: 36534945 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In tumor nanovaccines, nanocarriers enhance the delivery of tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thereby ensuring the robust activation of tumor antigen-specific effector T-cells to kill tumor cells. Through employment of their high immunogenicity and nanosize, we have developed a "Plug-and-Display" delivery platform on the basis of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) for tumor nanovaccines (NanoVac), which can rapidly display different tumor antigens and efficiently eliminate lung metastases of melanoma. In this study, we first upgraded the NanoVac to increase their antigen display efficiency. However, we found that the presence of a subcutaneous xenograft seriously hampered the efficiency of NanoVac to eliminate lung metastases, with the subcutaneous xenograft mimicking the primary tumor burden in clinical practice. The primary tumor secreted significant amounts of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and altered the epigenetic features of granulocyte monocyte precursor cells (GMPs) in the bone marrow, thus disrupting systemic immunity, particularly the function of APCs, and ultimately resulting in NanoVac failure to affect metastases. These changes in the systemic immune macroenvironment were plastic, and debulking surgery of primary tumor resection reversed the dysfunction of APCs and failure of NanoVac. These results demonstrate that, in addition to the formulation design of the tumor nanovaccines themselves, the systemic immune macroenvironment incapacitated by tumor development is another key factor that cannot be ignored to affect the efficiency of tumor nanovaccines, and the combination of primary tumor resection with NanoVac is a promising radical treatment for widely metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yale Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinjing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- IGDB-NCNST Joint Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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19
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The Association of Low CD4 Expression on Monocytes and Low CD8+ T-Cell Count at Hospital Admission Predicts the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Prospective Monocentric Cohort Study. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0810. [PMID: 36518218 PMCID: PMC9742091 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify COVID-19-associated immunophenotyping patterns at hospital admission and to determine if some patterns could predict the need for mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN Prospective observational monocentric cohort study. SETTING A university-affiliated hospital in Marseille, France. PATIENTS Thirty patients presenting with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled within the first 48 hours of hospital admission and compared with 18 healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Whole-blood leukocytes were immunophenotyped with a rapid and simplified one-step flow cytometry method. Thirty-eight immune and five laboratory parameters were compared first between COVID-19 patients and controls and then between the COVID-19 patients who received or not MV during their stays. The variables that significantly discriminated MV from non-MV patients in univariate analysis were entered into a multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis. The COVID-19 patients were predominantly male (87%), aged 61 years (50-71 yr), and 93% received early corticosteroid therapy. Sixteen patients (53%) were managed with noninvasive respiratory support, and 14 (47%) required MV. Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients were characterized by an immune signature featuring: 1) decreased HLA-DR expression on monocytes; 2) reduced basophils, eosinophils, T-cells, NK cells, and nonclassical monocyte count; and 3) up regulation of CD169 on monocytes, CD64 on neutrophils, the adhesion/migration markers (CD62L and CD11b), and the checkpoint inhibitor CD274 on myeloid cells. Among the COVID-19 patients, those who received MV had lower level of CD4 and HLA-DR on monocytes, lower CD8+ T-cell count, and higher lactate dehydrogenase at hospital admission. In multivariate analysis, only CD4 on monocytes (p = 0.032) and CD8+ T-cell count (p = 0.026) were associated with MV requirement. The model combining these two variables provided an area under curve of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The association of low CD4 on monocytes and low CD8+ T-cell count at hospital admission was highly predictive of the need for MV in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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20
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Ahsan M, Garneau L, Aguer C. The bidirectional relationship between AMPK pathway activation and myokine secretion in skeletal muscle: How it affects energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040809. [PMID: 36479347 PMCID: PMC9721351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myokines are peptides and proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells, into the interstitium, or in the blood. Their regulation may be dependent or independent of muscle contraction to induce a variety of metabolic effects. Numerous myokines have been implicated in influencing energy metabolism via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. As AMPK is centrally involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, it is important to understand how myokines influence its signalling, and vice versa. Such insight will better elucidate the mechanism of metabolic regulation during exercise and at rest. This review encompasses the latest research conducted on the relationship between AMPK signalling and myokines within skeletal muscles via autocrine or paracrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Léa Garneau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort –Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort –Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University—Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Ho N, Agarwal S, Milani M, Cantore A, Buchholz CJ, Thalheimer FB. In vivo generation of CAR T cells in the presence of human myeloid cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:144-156. [PMID: 35795778 PMCID: PMC9249670 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical humanized mouse models are a powerful tool to evaluate immunotherapies. NSG-SGM3 mice reconstituted with human stem cells (huSGM3) develop pronounced human myeloid cells due to transgenic expression of stem cell factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3 (IL-3) compared with the widely used humanized NSG (huNSG) model. We assessed in vivo generation of CD19-CAR T cells in huSGM3 mice upon single intravenous injection of the T cell-specific lentiviral vectors (LVs) CD4-LV and CD8-LV. While in vivo CAR T cell generation was clearly detectable in individual mice, generation appeared less efficient than previously observed for huNSG mice. Especially for the CD4-LV group, this correlated with increased IL-15 and decreased GM-CSF levels, indicating activation of monocytes and macrophages. Co-culture assays identified macrophages as a potential barrier for gene transfer. Refining CD4-LV and CD8-LV with a less immunogenic surface by using modified packaging cells substantially improved the transduction of lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of macrophages, as well in vivo in huSGM3 mice. Notably, two mice that developed less CAR T cells showed high interferon-α or -β levels before vector injection. Our data emphasize the relevance of innate immune responses for in vivo generation of CAR T cells, which can be overcome by vector surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphang Ho
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shiwani Agarwal
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Michela Milani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Cantore
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Frederic B Thalheimer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Han S, Fu D, Tushoski GW, Meng L, Herremans KM, Riner AN, Geoge TJ, Huo Z, Hughes SJ. Single-cell profiling of microenvironment components by spatial localization in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2022; 12:4980-4992. [PMID: 35836806 PMCID: PMC9274743 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The biology of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is heterogenous, but how heterogenity of the tumor microenvironment contributes to disparate patient outcomes remains essentially unstudied. Methods: A strategy employing multiplex digital spatial profiling (mplxDSP) technology was employed to evaluate the nature and dynamics of microenvironment components including cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and infiltrating immune cells at the single-cell level based upon their spatial relationship within the tumor. Results: We report that myofibroblasts directly adjacent to PDAC tumors comparatively overexpress genes (BATF3, IL12B, ITGB8, CD4 and IFNAR1), constructing pathways prone to stimulating an adaptive immune response. Markers of innate immune cells (Natural Killer cells, Dendritic Cells and macrophages) are predominant in CD45+ cells immediately adjacent to PDAC tumor, however, the checkpoint protein CTLA4 is also overwhelmingly expressed, fostering tolerance. Finaly, mRNA profiling of adjacent CAFs identified clusters of genes that correlate with survival. Conclusion: CAFs and leukocytes in close proximity to PDAC significantly differ from those remote from the tumor, providing insight into microenvironment influence on immune tolerance mediated through relative populations of leukocytes and subsets of CAFs and monocytes. mRNA expression profiling of CAFs adjacent to PDAC cells may hold promise for prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Dongtao Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Gerik W Tushoski
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lingsong Meng
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Thomas J. Geoge
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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23
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De Santis F, Lopez AB, Virtuoso S, Poerio N, Saccomandi P, Olimpieri T, Duca L, Henrici De Angelis L, Aquilano K, D'Andrea MM, Aquaro S, Borsetti A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Fraziano M. Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes Down-Modulate CD4 Expression Reducing HIV Entry in Human Type-1 Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830788. [PMID: 35663973 PMCID: PMC9160374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy adopted to combat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is based on interfering with virus entry into target cells. In this study, we found that phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes reduced the expression of the CD4 receptor in human primary type-1 macrophages but not in CD4+ T cells. The down-regulation was specific to CD4, as any effect was not observed in CCR5 membrane expression. Moreover, the reduction of membrane CD4 expression required the Ca2+-independent protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn mediated serine phosphorylation in the intracytoplasmic tail of the CD4 receptor. Serine phosphorylation of CD4 was also associated with its internalization and degradation in acidic compartments. Finally, the observed CD4 downregulation induced by PC liposomes in human primary macrophages reduced the entry of both single-cycle replication and replication competent R5 tropic HIV-1. Altogether, these results show that PC liposomes reduce HIV entry in human macrophages and may impact HIV pathogenesis by lowering the viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Ana Borrajo Lopez
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Virtuoso
- Centro Nazionale per la ricerca su HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Saccomandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olimpieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Duca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Henrici De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- Centro Nazionale per la ricerca su HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
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24
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Cao X, Lai SWT, Chen S, Wang S, Feng M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:61-108. [PMID: 35636930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune components in the tumor microenvironment and play a plethora of roles in regulating tumorigenesis. Therefore, the therapeutic targeting of TAMs has emerged as a new paradigm for immunotherapy of cancer. Herein, the review summarizes the origin, polarization, and function of TAMs in the progression of malignant diseases. The understanding of such knowledge leads to several distinct therapeutic strategies to manipulate TAMs to battle cancer, which include those to reduce TAM abundance, such as depleting TAMs or inhibiting their recruitment and differentiation, and those to harness or boost the anti-tumor activities of TAMs such as blocking phagocytosis checkpoints, inducing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and reprogramming TAM polarization. In addition, modulation of TAMs may reshape the tumor microenvironment and therefore synergize with other cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the rational combination of TAM-targeting therapeutics with conventional therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other immunotherapies is also reviewed. Overall, targeting TAMs presents itself as a promising strategy to add to the growing repertoire of treatment approaches in the fight against cancer, and it is hopeful that these approaches currently being pioneered will serve to vastly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Seigmund W T Lai
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sadira Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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25
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Krop J, van der Zwan A, Ijsselsteijn ME, Kapsenberg H, Luk SJ, Hendriks SH, van der Keur C, Verleng LJ, Somarakis A, van der Meeren L, Haasnoot G, Bos M, de Miranda NF, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van der Hoorn MLP, Koning F, Claas FH, Heidt S, Eikmans M. Imaging Mass cytometry reveals the prominent role of myeloid cells at the maternal-fetal interface. iScience 2022; 25:104648. [PMID: 35811852 PMCID: PMC9257341 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immunological complexity of the maternal-fetal interface is well appreciated, the actual interaction of maternal immune cells and fetal trophoblasts is insufficiently understood. To comprehend the composition and spatial orientation of maternal immune cells and fetal extravillous trophoblasts, we applied imaging mass cytometry on decidua basalis of the three trimesters of healthy pregnancy. Within all trimesters, we observed considerably higher frequencies of myeloid cells in the decidua than is seen with single-cell suspension techniques. Moreover, they were the most pronounced cell type in the microenvironment of other decidual cells. In first trimester, HLA-DR- macrophages represented the most abundant myeloid subcluster and these cells were frequently observed in the vicinity of trophoblasts. At term, HLA-DR+ macrophage subclusters were abundantly present and frequently observed in the microenvironment of T cells. Taken together, our results highlight the dynamic role of myeloid cells at the human maternal-fetal interface throughout gestation. Frequency of myeloid cells is underestimated after tissue digestion Myeloid cells could support NK cells with proper trophoblast invasion Myeloid cells are dynamic in their role throughout gestation
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26
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Chait M, Yilmaz MM, Shakil S, Ku AW, Dogra P, Connors TJ, Szabo PA, Gray JI, Wells SB, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Poon MM, Snyder ME, Baldwin MR, Sims PA, Saqi A, Farber DL, Weisberg SP. Immune and epithelial determinants of age-related risk and alveolar injury in fatal COVID-19. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157608. [PMID: 35446789 PMCID: PMC9228710 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure in COVID-19 is characterized by widespread disruption of the lung’s alveolar gas exchange interface. To elucidate determinants of alveolar lung damage, we performed epithelial and immune cell profiling in lungs from 24 COVID-19 autopsies and 43 uninfected organ donors ages 18–92 years. We found marked loss of type 2 alveolar epithelial (T2AE) cells and increased perialveolar lymphocyte cytotoxicity in all fatal COVID-19 cases, even at early stages before typical patterns of acute lung injury are histologically apparent. In lungs from uninfected organ donors, there was also progressive loss of T2AE cells with increasing age, which may increase susceptibility to COVID-19–mediated lung damage in older individuals. In the fatal COVID-19 cases, macrophage infiltration differed according to the histopathological pattern of lung injury. In cases with acute lung injury, we found accumulation of CD4+ macrophages that expressed distinctly high levels of T cell activation and costimulation genes and strongly correlated with increased extent of alveolar epithelial cell depletion and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Together, our results show that T2AE cell deficiency may underlie age-related COVID-19 risk and initiate alveolar dysfunction shortly after infection, and we define immune cell mediators that may contribute to alveolar injury in distinct pathological stages of fatal COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chait
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mine M Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Shanila Shakil
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy W Ku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Maya Ml Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Iring Medical Ceter, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart P Weisberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
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27
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Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Anti-CD4 Autoantibody Levels in HIV Associate with Neuroinflammation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0197521. [PMID: 34985329 PMCID: PMC8729763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01975-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of persistent central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not fully understood. We have recently shown that plasma anti-CD4 IgGs contribute to poor CD4+ T cell recovery during suppressive ART via antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against CD4+ T cells, and that plasma anti-CD4 IgG levels are associated with worse cognitive performance and specific brain area atrophy. However, the role of anti-CD4 IgGs in neuroinflammation remains unclear. In the current study, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 31 ART-naive and 26 treated, virologically suppressed PWH, along with 16 HIV-seronegative controls, were evaluated for CSF levels of anti-CD4 IgG, white blood cell (WBC) counts, soluble biomarkers of neuroinflammation, and neurofilament light chain (NfL). We found that 37% of the PWH exhibited elevated CSF anti-CD4 IgG levels, but few or none of the PWH were observed with elevated CSF anti-CD4 IgM, anti-CD8 IgG, or anti-double-strand DNA IgG. CSF anti-CD4 IgG levels in PWH were directly correlated with neuroinflammation (WBC counts, neopterin, and markers of myeloid cell activation), but not with CSF NfL levels. Using cells from one immune nonresponder to ART, we generated a pathogenic anti-CD4 monoclonal IgG (JF19) presenting with ADCC activity; JF19 induced the production of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages via CD4 binding in vitro. This study demonstrates for the first time that elevated CSF anti-CD4 IgG levels present in a subgroup of PWH which may play a role in neuroinflammation in HIV. IMPORTANCE This study reports that an autoantibody presents in the CNS of HIV patients and that its levels in the CSF correlate with some markers of neuroinflammation.
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Tomer S, Mu W, Suryawanshi G, Ng H, Wang L, Wennerberg W, Rezek V, Martin H, Chen I, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Cannabidiol modulates expression of type I IFN response genes and HIV infection in macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926696. [PMID: 36248834 PMCID: PMC9560767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is a widely used drug in the United States and the frequency of cannabis use is particularly high among people living with HIV (PLWH). One key component of cannabis, the non-psychotropic (-)-cannabidiol (CBD) exerts a wide variety of biological actions, including anticonvulsive, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact mechanism of action through which CBD affects the immune cell signaling remains poorly understood. Here we report that CBD modulates type I interferon responses in human macrophages. Transcriptomics analysis shows that CBD treatment significantly attenuates cGAS-STING-mediated activation of type I Interferon response genes (ISGs) in monocytic THP-1 cells. We further showed that CBD treatment effectively attenuates 2'3-cGAMP stimulation of ISGs in both THP-1 cells and primary human macrophages. Interestingly, CBD significantly upregulates expression of autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1. p62 is critical for autophagy-mediated degradation of stimulated STING. We observed that CBD treated THP-1 cells have elevated autophagy activity. Upon 2'3'-cGAMP stimulation, CBD treated cells have rapid downregulation of phosphorylated-STING, leading to attenuated expression of ISGs. The CBD attenuation of ISGs is reduced in autophagy deficient THP-1 cells, suggesting that the effects of CBD on ISGs is partially mediated by autophagy induction. Lastly, CBD decreases ISGs expression upon HIV infection in THP-1 cells and human primary macrophages, leading to increased HIV RNA expression 24 hours after infection. However, long term culture with CBD in infected primary macrophages reduced HIV viral spread, suggesting potential dichotomous roles of CBD in HIV replication. Our study highlights the immune modulatory effects of CBD and the needs for additional studies on its effect on viral infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Tomer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gajendra Suryawanshi
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hwee Ng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wally Wennerberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heather Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Irvin Chen
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anjie Zhen,
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Elahi S. Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:187. [PMID: 35284964 PMCID: PMC8918078 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow niches are responsible for the highly regulated and interconnected hematopoiesis process. At the same time, they must recognize potential threats and respond promptly to protect the host. A wide spectrum of microbial agents/products and the consequences of infection-induced mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) can have prominent impact on HSPCs. While COVID-19 starts as a respiratory tract infection, it is considered a systemic disease which profoundly alters the hematopoietic system. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and stress erythropoiesis are the hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability are common among COVID-19 patients with severe disease. Notably, the invasion of erythroid precursors and progenitors by SARS-CoV-2 is a cardinal feature of COVID-19 disease which may in part explain the mechanism underlying hypoxia. These pieces of evidence support the notion of skewed steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The functional consequences of these alterations depend on the magnitude of the effect, which launches a unique hematopoietic response that is associated with increased myeloid at the expense of decreased lymphoid cells. This article reviews some of the key pathways including the infectious and inflammatory processes that control hematopoiesis, followed by a comprehensive review that summarizes the latest evidence and discusses how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Department of Oncology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, 7020 Katz Group Centre, 11361-87th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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30
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Jørgensen N, Hviid TVF, Nielsen LB, Sønderstrup IMH, Eriksen JO, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Kruse TA, Thomassen M, Jensen MB, Lænkholm AV. Tumour-infiltrating CD4-, CD8- and FOXP3-positive immune cells as predictive markers of mortality in BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1388-1398. [PMID: 34365471 PMCID: PMC8576013 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is well-established. However, the investigation of specific T-cell subsets exclusively in BRCA-associated breast cancer is sparse. METHODS Tumour tissues from 414 BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis for expression of CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 immune markers. Distribution of CD4-, CD8- and FOXP3-positive cells and clinicopathological characteristics were assessed according to groups of low or high expression. The prognostic value was evaluated as continuous variables in univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS Both CD4 and CD8 expression are associated with histological diagnosis, tumour grade and oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression status. CD4 expression is associated with BRCA gene status. A high percentage of tumour-infiltrating CD4-, CD8- or FOXP3-positive cells is significantly associated with lower mortality in BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated breast cancer and CD8-positive cells are associated with disease-free survival. No heterogeneity according to BRCA gene status was found for the prognostic value of the immune markers. CONCLUSIONS The results support a prognostic role of specific T-cell subsets in BRCA-associated breast cancer and the promising potential of targeting the immune system in the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lise B Nielsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida M H Sønderstrup
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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31
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Che LH, Liu JW, Huo JP, Luo R, Xu RM, He C, Li YQ, Zhou AJ, Huang P, Chen YY, Ni W, Zhou YX, Liu YY, Li HY, Zhou R, Mo H, Li JM. A single-cell atlas of liver metastases of colorectal cancer reveals reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment in response to preoperative chemotherapy. Cell Discov 2021; 7:80. [PMID: 34489408 PMCID: PMC8421363 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. How to improve therapeutic options for patients with metastatic CRC is the core question for CRC treatment. However, the complexity and diversity of stromal context of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver metastases of CRC have not been fully understood, and the influence of stromal cells on response to chemotherapy is unclear. Here we performed an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional landscape of primary CRC, matched liver metastases and blood at single-cell resolution, and a systematic examination of transcriptional changes and phenotypic alterations of the TME in response to preoperative chemotherapy (PC). Based on 111,292 single-cell transcriptomes, our study reveals that TME of treatment-naïve tumors is characterized by the higher abundance of less-activated B cells and higher heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). By contrast, in tumors treated with PC, we found activation of B cells, lower diversity of TAMs with immature and less activated phenotype, lower abundance of both dysfunctional T cells and ECM-remodeling cancer-associated fibroblasts, and an accumulation of myofibroblasts. Our study provides a foundation for future investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying liver metastasis of CRC and its response to PC, and opens up new possibilities for the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Che
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai He
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Piao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ni
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wilk AJ, Lee MJ, Wei B, Parks B, Pi R, Martínez-Colón GJ, Ranganath T, Zhao NQ, Taylor S, Becker W, Jimenez-Morales D, Blomkalns AL, O’Hara R, Ashley EA, Nadeau KC, Yang S, Holmes S, Rabinovitch M, Rogers AJ, Greenleaf WJ, Blish CA. Multi-omic profiling reveals widespread dysregulation of innate immunity and hematopoiesis in COVID-19. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210582. [PMID: 34128959 PMCID: PMC8210586 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of protective versus pathological immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is limited by inadequate profiling of patients at the extremes of the disease severity spectrum. Here, we performed multi-omic single-cell immune profiling of 64 COVID-19 patients across the full range of disease severity, from outpatients with mild disease to fatal cases. Our transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic analyses revealed widespread dysfunction of peripheral innate immunity in severe and fatal COVID-19, including prominent hyperactivation signatures in neutrophils and NK cells. We also identified chromatin accessibility changes at NF-κB binding sites within cytokine gene loci as a potential mechanism for the striking lack of pro-inflammatory cytokine production observed in monocytes in severe and fatal COVID-19. We further demonstrated that emergency myelopoiesis is a prominent feature of fatal COVID-19. Collectively, our results reveal disease severity-associated immune phenotypes in COVID-19 and identify pathogenesis-associated pathways that are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Wilk
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Madeline J. Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bei Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Benjamin Parks
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Graduate Program in Computer Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nancy Q. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Winston Becker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | - Andra L. Blomkalns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruth O’Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Angela J. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - William J. Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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Jackson SE, Chen KC, Groves IJ, Sedikides GX, Gandhi A, Houldcroft CJ, Poole EL, Montanuy I, Mason GM, Okecha G, Reeves MB, Sinclair JH, Wills MR. Latent Cytomegalovirus-Driven Recruitment of Activated CD4+ T Cells Promotes Virus Reactivation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657945. [PMID: 33912186 PMCID: PMC8072157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is not cleared by the initial immune response but persists for the lifetime of the host, in part due to its ability to establish a latent infection in cells of the myeloid lineage. HCMV has been shown to manipulate the secretion of cellular proteins during both lytic and latent infection; with changes caused by latent infection mainly investigated in CD34+ progenitor cells. Whilst CD34+ cells are generally bone marrow resident, their derivative CD14+ monocytes migrate to the periphery where they briefly circulate until extravasation into tissue sites. We have analyzed the effect of HCMV latent infection on the secretome of CD14+ monocytes, identifying an upregulation of both CCL8 and CXCL10 chemokines in the CD14+ latency-associated secretome. Unlike CD34+ cells, the CD14+ latency-associated secretome did not induce migration of resting immune cell subsets but did induce migration of activated NK and T cells expressing CXCR3 in a CXCL10 dependent manner. As reported in CD34+ latent infection, the CD14+ latency-associated secretome also suppressed the anti-viral activity of stimulated CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, however, co-culture of activated autologous CD4+ T cells with latently infected monocytes resulted in reactivation of HCMV at levels comparable to those observed using M-CSF and IL-1β cytokines. We propose that these events represent a potential strategy to enable HCMV reactivation and local dissemination of the virus at peripheral tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Groves
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George X Sedikides
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amar Gandhi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J Houldcroft
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Poole
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inmaculada Montanuy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin M Mason
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Okecha
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Reeves
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - John H Sinclair
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Characterization of innate and adaptive immune cells involved in the foreign body reaction to polypropylene meshes in the human abdomen. Hernia 2021; 26:309-323. [PMID: 33788008 PMCID: PMC8881270 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Polypropylene (PP) mesh is widely used to reinforce tissues. The foreign body reaction (FBR) to the implant is dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages. However, considerable numbers of adaptive immune cells, namely T cells, have also been regularly observed, which appear to play a crucial role in the long-term host response. Methods This study investigated the FBR to seven human PP meshes, which were removed from the abdomen for recurrence after a median of one year. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, the FBR was examined for various innate (CD11b+ myeloid, CD68+ macrophages, CD56+ NK) and adaptive immune cells (CD3+ T, CD4+ T-helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, FoxP3+ T-regulatory, CD20+ B) as well as “conventional” immune cells (defined as cells expressing their specific immune cell marker without co-expressing CD68). Results T-helper cells (19%) and regulatory T-cells (25%) were present at comparable rates to macrophages, and clustered significantly toward the mesh fibers. For all cell types the lowest proportions of “conventional” cells (< 60%) were observed at the mesh–tissue interface, but increased considerably at about 50–100 µm, indicating reduced stimulation with rising distance to the mesh fibers. Conclusion Both innate and adaptive immune cells participate in the chronic FBR to PP meshes with T cells and macrophages being the predominant cell types, respectively. In concordance with the previous data, many cells presented a “hybrid” pattern near the mesh fibers. The complexity of the immune reaction seen within the foreign body granuloma may explain why approaches focusing on specific cell types have not been very successful in reducing the chronic FBR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10029-021-02396-7.
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In-Depth Immune-Oncology Studies of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Humanized Melanoma Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031011. [PMID: 33498319 PMCID: PMC7864015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and interaction of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is of significant importance and has a great impact on disease progression and response to therapy. Hence, their identification is of high interest for prognosis and treatment decisions. Besides detailed phenotypic analyses of immune, as well as tumor cells, spatial analyses is an important parameter in the complex interplay of neoplastic and immune cells—especially when moving into focus efforts to develop and validate new therapeutic strategies. Ex vivo analysis of tumor samples by immunohistochemistry staining methods conserves spatial information is restricted to single markers, while flow cytometry (disrupting tissue into single cell suspensions) provides access to markers in larger numbers. Nevertheless, this comes at the cost of scarifying morphological information regarding tissue localization and cell–cell contacts. Further detrimental effects incurred by, for example, tissue digestion include staining artifacts. Consequently, ongoing efforts are directed towards methods that preserve, completely or in part, spatial information, while increasing the number of markers that can potentially be interrogated to the level of conventional flow cytometric methods. Progression in multiplex immunohistochemistry in the last ten years overcame the limitation to 1–2 markers in classical staining methods using DAB with counter stains or even pure chemical staining methods. In this study, we compared the multiplex method Chipcytometry to flow cytometry and classical IHC-P using DAB and hematoxylin. Chipcytometry uses frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with readily available commercial fluorophore-labeled antibodies in repetitive cycles of staining and bleaching. The iterative staining approach enables sequential analysis of a virtually unlimited number of markers on the same sample, thereby identifying immune cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment in the present study in a humanized mouse melanoma model.
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36
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Lisco A, Ye P, Wong CS, Pei L, Hsu AP, Mace EM, Orange JS, Lage SL, Ward AJ, Migueles SA, Connors M, Anderson MV, Buckner CM, Moir S, Rupert A, Dulau-Florea A, Ogbogu P, Timberlake D, Notarangelo LD, Pittaluga S, Abraham RS, Sereti I. Lost in Translation: Lack of CD4 Expression due to a Novel Genetic Defect. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:645-654. [PMID: 33471124 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 expression identifies a subset of mature T cells primarily assisting the germinal center reaction and contributing to CD8+ T-cell and B-cell activation, functions, and longevity. Herein, we present a family in which a novel variant disrupting the translation-initiation codon of the CD4 gene resulted in complete loss of membrane and plasma soluble CD4 in peripheral blood, lymph node, bone marrow, skin, and ileum of a homozygous proband. This inherited CD4 knockout disease illustrates the clinical and immunological features of a complete deficiency of any functional component of CD4 and its similarities and differences with other clinical models of primary or acquired loss of CD4+ T cells. The first inherited loss of any functional component of CD4, including soluble CD4, is clinically distinct from any other congenital or acquired CD4 T-cell defect and characterized by compensatory changes in T-cell subsets and functional impairment of B cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lisco
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peying Ye
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chun-Shu Wong
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luxin Pei
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy P Hsu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Lucena Lage
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Addison Jon Ward
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen A Migueles
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan V Anderson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clarisa M Buckner
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Rupert
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Princess Ogbogu
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dylan Timberlake
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Schwarze LI, Sonntag T, Wild S, Schmitz S, Uhde A, Fehse B. Automated production of CCR5-negative CD4 +-T cells in a GMP-compatible, clinical scale for treatment of HIV-positive patients. Gene Ther 2021; 28:572-587. [PMID: 33867524 PMCID: PMC8455337 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ex-vivo gene editing in T lymphocytes paves the way for novel concepts of immunotherapy. One of those strategies is directed at the protection of CD4+-T helper cells from HIV infection in HIV-positive individuals. To this end, we have developed and optimised a CCR5-targeting TALE nuclease, CCR5-Uco-hetTALEN, mediating high-efficiency knockout of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the HIV co-receptor essential during initial infection. Clinical translation of the knockout approach requires up-scaling of the manufacturing process to clinically relevant cell numbers in accordance with good manufacturing practice (GMP). Here we present a GMP-compatible mRNA electroporation protocol for the automated production of CCR5-edited CD4+-T cells in the closed CliniMACS Prodigy system. The automated process reliably produced high amounts of CCR5-edited CD4+-T cells (>1.5 × 109 cells with >60% CCR5 editing) within 12 days. Of note, about 40% of total large-scale produced cells showed a biallelic CCR5 editing, and between 25 and 42% of produced cells had a central memory T-cell phenotype. In conclusion, transfection of primary T cells with CCR5-Uco-hetTALEN mRNA is readily scalable for GMP-compatible production and hence suitable for application in HIV gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Isabell Schwarze
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Sonntag
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- grid.59409.310000 0004 0552 5033Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schmitz
- grid.59409.310000 0004 0552 5033Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Almut Uhde
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Kazancioglu S, Yilmaz FM, Bastug A, Sakallı A, Ozbay BO, Buyuktarakci C, Bodur H, Yilmaz G. Lymphocyte Subset Alteration and Monocyte CD4 Expression Reduction in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:342-351. [PMID: 33264073 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, related to cellular immune functions, has not been fully clarified yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the alteration of peripheral blood cells in patients with COVID-19. The flow cytometric characterization of immune cell subset was performed on 69 COVID-19 patients and 21 healthy controls. These data were evaluated based on the disease severity. A total of 69 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were classified as asymptomatic infection (n = 14), nonsevere (n = 39), and severe (n = 16) groups. Decreased lymphocytes and increased CD14 + 4- monocytes are found in patients with severe COVID-19. Decreased CD4 expression level was observed in the monocytes of patients with severe COVID-19. The total lymphocytes, B and T lymphocytes, CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells, and natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells were found to be decreased in patients with severe COVID-19. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not significantly different between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. The percentage of activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+) and B cells (CD19+CD38+) was lower in patients with severe COVID-19. Age and CD4- monocytes were independent predictors of disease severity. The SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect lymphocyte subsets, resulting in decreased T and B cells, monocytes, and NK and NKT cells. Decreased CD4 expression level by monocytes was significantly correlated with disease severity. Further studies on the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are necessary to predict the disease severity and protect against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Kazancioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Bastug
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Science University Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sakallı
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Orkun Ozbay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Buyuktarakci
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hurrem Bodur
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Science University Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Yilmaz
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Luthfi M, Rachmadi P, Oki AS, Indrawati R, Sosiawan A, Rifa'i M. Analysis of lymphocyte T(CD4 +) cells expression on severe early childhood caries and free caries. Infect Dis Rep 2020; 12:8760. [PMID: 32874475 PMCID: PMC7447946 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2020.8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the many diseases found in children throughout the world. Cariogenic bacteria are a significant risk factor for ECC associated with early colonization and high levels of cariogenic microbes (Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans). Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells known as helper T cells, are effector cells for mediated host immunity. Naive T cells (CD4+) must be activated to initiate effector function. This activation occurs through interaction with professional antigen- presenting cells (pro-APC), especially dendritic cells that lead to intracellular pathways that regulate T cell receptor (TCR) more specifically against antigen in T cells. Lymphocyte cells from samples were collected from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and Free caries aged 5 to 6 years. The subjects were instructed to gargle 10 mL of sterile NaCl 1.5% solution for 30 seconds, and expectorate it into a sterile glass then analyzing T lymphocyte cell (CD4+) expression using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cell expression at SECC (6.2525±64482) while in free caries (8.4138±1.10397) with P-value (P=0. 000). Conclusion of lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells expression at S-ECC is lower than that occurring in free caries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Agung Sosiawan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Physiology, Cell Culture and Animal Develepment, Faculty of Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indoensia
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40
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Sajti E, Link VM, Ouyang Z, Spann NJ, Westin E, Romanoski CE, Fonseca GJ, Prince LS, Glass CK. Transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying myeloid diversity in the lung. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:221-231. [PMID: 31959980 PMCID: PMC7667722 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lung is inhabited by resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages as well as monocytic cells that survey lung tissues. Each cell type plays distinct functional roles under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, but mechanisms establishing their molecular identities and functional potential remain poorly understood. In the present study, systematic evaluation of transcriptomes and open chromatin of alveolar macrophages (AMs), interstitial macrophages (IMs) and lung monocytes from two mouse strains enabled inference of common and cell-specific transcriptional regulators. We provide evidence that these factors drive selection of regulatory landscapes that specify distinct phenotypes of AMs and IMs and entrain qualitatively different responses to toll-like receptor 4 signaling in vivo. These studies reveal a striking divergence in a fundamental innate immune response pathway in AMs and establish a framework for further understanding macrophage diversity in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emma Westin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Bioscience Research Laboratories, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Fonseca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Quantitative Life Sciences, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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41
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Skundric DS, Tse HY, Montgomery PC. Functional phenotypes of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells of relevance to its genetic and epigenetic associations with HIV infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:680-681. [PMID: 31900454 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka S Skundric
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Harley Y Tse
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul C Montgomery
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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42
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Carpenter RS, Jiang RR, Brennan FH, Hall JCE, Gottipati MK, Niewiesk S, Popovich PG. Human immune cells infiltrate the spinal cord and impair recovery after spinal cord injury in humanized mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19105. [PMID: 31836828 PMCID: PMC6911055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice can be used to better understand how the human immune system responds to central nervous system (CNS) injury and inflammation. The optimal parameters for using humanized mice in preclinical CNS injury models need to be established for appropriate use and interpretation. Here, we show that the developmental age of the human immune system significantly affects anatomical and functional outcome measures in a preclinical model of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, it takes approximately 3-4 months for a stable and functionally competent human immune system to develop in neonatal immune compromised mice after they are engrafted with human umbilical cord blood stem cells. Humanized mice receiving a SCI before or after stable engraftment exhibit significantly different neuroinflammatory profiles. Importantly, the development of a mature human immune system was associated with worse lesion pathology and neurological recovery after SCI. In these mice, human T cells infiltrate the spinal cord lesion and directly contact human macrophages. Together, data in this report establish an optimal experimental framework for using humanized mice to help translate promising preclinical therapies for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Carpenter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Roselyn R Jiang
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Faith H Brennan
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jodie C E Hall
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manoj K Gottipati
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Prabhu VM, Singh AK, Padwal V, Nagar V, Patil P, Patel V. Monocyte Based Correlates of Immune Activation and Viremia in HIV-Infected Long-Term Non-Progressors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2849. [PMID: 31867010 PMCID: PMC6908494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disease progression monitoring through CD4 counts alone can be inadequate in HIV infection as ongoing immune activation may result in Serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs). SNAEs involve monocyte activation driven chronic inflammation with significant sequelae observed even during HAART. Here, we attempted to delineate functional monocyte based signatures across stages of HIV disease progression. Methods: Participants spanning four cohorts were recruited-pre-ART (PA; <7 years of infection; n = 20), long-term non-progressors (LTNP; >7 years of infection, CD4 > 350 cells/μL, n = 20), individuals on therapy (ART; n = 18) and seronegative controls (SN; n = 15). Immunophenotyping of monocyte subsets and evaluation of expression of HIV-binding receptors-CD4 and CCR5, marker of immune activation- HLA-DR and M2 phenotype-mannose receptor (CD206) was followed by association of monocyte-specific parameters with conventional markers of disease progression such as absolute CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, viral load, and T cell activation. Results: A significant expansion of intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+) with a concomitant decline in classical subset (CD14++CD16-) was observed in all infected cohorts compared to seronegative controls. In addition, an expansion of the non-classical subset (CD14+CD16++) was observed in long-term non-progressors. Dysregulation in monocyte subsets associated with CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio in PAs but not in LTNPs. We report for the first time that expression of CD206 is most prominent on intermediate monocytes which also have the highest expression of CD4, CCR5, and HLA-DR. Despite preserved CD4 counts, LTNPs had similar immune activation profiles to PAs, as evidenced by elevated HLA-DR expression across monocyte subsets. HLA-DR expression, similar to that in SNs, observed in the ART group indicated partial immune restoration within the monocyte compartment. Increased CD206 expression on monocytes together with frequency of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes (HLA-DR+CD38+) showed significant and positive association with viral load in LTNPs, but not PAs. Conclusion: Our results describe for the first time the presence of monocyte dysregulation involving increased activation in LTNPs, who, in spite of preserved CD4 counts, may remain susceptible to prolonged effects of systemic inflammation and highlight CD206, as a unique non-T correlate of viremia, in viremic non-progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Varsha Padwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Vidya Nagar
- Department of Medicine, The Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Priya Patil
- Department of Medicine, The Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
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44
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Fernandes RA, Perez-Andres M, Blanco E, Jara-Acevedo M, Criado I, Almeida J, Botafogo V, Coutinho I, Paiva A, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A, Faria E. Complete Multilineage CD4 Expression Defect Associated With Warts Due to an Inherited Homozygous CD4 Gene Mutation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2502. [PMID: 31781092 PMCID: PMC6856949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic T-CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by opportunistic infections due to reduced CD4 T-lymphocytes (<300 cells/μl or <20% T-cells) in the absence of HIV infection and other primary causes of lymphopenia. Molecular testing of ICL has revealed defects in genes not specific to CD4 T-cells, with pleiotropic effects on other cell types. Here we report for the first time an absolute CD4 lymphocytopenia (<0.01 CD4+ T-cells/μl) due to an autosomal recessive CD4 gene mutation that completely abrogates CD4 protein expression on the surface membrane of T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. A 45-year-old female born to consanguineous parents consulted because of exuberant, relapsing, and treatment-refractory warts on her hands and feet since the age of 10 years, in the absence of other recurrent infections or symptoms. Serological studies were negative for severe infections, including HIV 1/2, HTLV-1, and syphilis, but positive for CMV and EBV. Blood analysis showed the absence of CD4+ T-cells (<0.01%) with repeatedly increased counts of B-cells, naïve CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and particularly, CD4/CD8 double-negative (DN) TCRαβ+ TCRγδ- T-cells (30% of T-cells; 400 cells/μl). Flow cytometric staining of CD4 using monoclonal antibodies directed against five different epitopes, located in two different domains of the protein, confirmed no cell surface membrane or intracytoplasmic expression of CD4 on T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells but normal soluble CD4 plasma levels. DN T-cells showed a phenotypic and functional profile similar to normal CD4+ T-cells as regards expression of maturation markers, T-helper and T-regulatory chemokine receptors, TCRvβ repertoire, and in vitro cytokine production against polyclonal and antigen-specific stimuli. Sequencing of the CD4 gene revealed a homozygous (splicing) mutation affecting the last bp on intron 7-8, leading to deletion of the juxtamembrane and intracellular domains of the protein and complete abrogation of CD4 expression on the cell membrane. These findings support previous studies in CD4 KO mice suggesting that surrogate DN helper and regulatory T-cells capable of supporting antigen-specific immune responses are produced in the absence of CD4 signaling and point out the need for better understanding the role of CD4 on thymic selection and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anita Fernandes
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jara-Acevedo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Sequencing DNA Service, NUCLEUS, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor Botafogo
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Coutinho
- Dermatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Flow Cytometry Unit-Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Faria
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Vrieling H, Kooijman S, de Ridder JW, Thies-Weesie DME, Soema PC, Jiskoot W, van Riet E, Heck AJR, Philipse AP, Kersten GFA, Meiring HD, Pennings JL, Metz B. Activation of Human Monocytes by Colloidal Aluminum Salts. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:750-760. [PMID: 31449816 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines often contain colloidal aluminum salt-based adjuvants to activate the innate immune system. These aluminum salts consist of micrometer-sized aggregates. It is well-known that particle size affects the adjuvant effect of particulate adjuvants. In this study, the activation of human monocytes by hexagonal-shaped gibbsite (ø = 210 ± 40 nm) and rod-shaped boehmite (ø = 83 ± 827 nm) was compared with classical aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant (alum). To this end, human primary monocytes were cultured in the presence of alum, gibbsite, or boehmite. The transcriptome and proteome of the monocytes were investigated by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were used to investigate the effect of the particles on cellular maturation, differentiation, activation, and cytokine secretion, as measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each particle type resulted in a specific gene expression profile. IL-1ß and IL-6 secretion was significantly upregulated by boehmite and alum. Of the 7 surface markers investigated, only CD80 was significantly upregulated by alum and none by gibbsite or boehmite. Gibbsite hardly activated the monocytes. Boehmite activated human primary monocytes equally to alum, but induced a much milder stress-related response. Therefore, boehmite was identified as a promising adjuvant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Vrieling
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sietske Kooijman
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Justin W de Ridder
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique M E Thies-Weesie
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Soema
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Philipse
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo D Meiring
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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46
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CD4 and MHCII phenotypic variability of peripheral blood monocytes in dogs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219214. [PMID: 31269060 PMCID: PMC6608971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and mice, the detailed phenotypic and functional characterization of peripheral blood monocytes allows for identification of three monocyte subsets. There are also evidences of monocyte phenotypic heterogeneity in other species, including cattle, sheep, pig and horse. However, little is known about such variability in dogs. The aim of the study was to determine whether and how peripheral blood monocytes of healthy dogs differ in the presence of MHCII and CD4 and in the basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three distinct subsets of CD11b+CD14+ monocytes were found in peripheral blood samples of healthy dogs, based on the variations in the density of MHCII and CD4 surface molecules: MHCII+CD4- (Mo1), MHCII+CD4+ (Mo2) and MHCII-CD4+ (Mo3). The Mo2 and Mo3 were significantly lower in percentage than Mo1 but their basal ROS production was higher. Within the Mo2 and Mo3 subsets, the percentage of cells producing ROS was significantly higher comparing to cells lacking this activity. Canine peripheral blood monocytes vary in the expression of MHCII and CD4 and in the activity suggesting that cells within the three identified subsets carry out different functions. The higher production of ROS in non-activated cells within small subsets of Mo2 and Mo3 monocytes might indicate their immunomodulatory potential.
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47
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Ilnicka A, Gocek E, Łopatecka J, Marcinkowska E. Regulation of FOXP3 expression in myeloid cells in response to all-trans-retinoic acid, interleukin 2 and transforming growth factor β. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:18-26. [PMID: 30826380 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
FoxP3 is a transcription factor essential for differentiation and function of T regulatory cells (Tregs). There are two major subsets of Tregs: natural Tregs (nTregs) generated in thymus and inducible Tregs (iTregs) produced in peripheral immune system. It has been documented that iTreg development is dependent on soluble mediators including interleukin 2 (IL2), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). In our experiments we performed a gene expression array, followed by Real-time PCR experiments to study expression of genes regulated by ATRA in cells of myeloid origin. Our experiments revealed that ATRA alone, but also a cocktail of mediators consisting of IL2, TGFβ and ATRA, upregulate expression of FOXP3 gene in normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Our results indicate that signaling pathways which are used at the late steps of T cell differentiation, are also active in the cells of myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ilnicka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Gocek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Justyna Łopatecka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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48
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Glatzová D, Cebecauer M. Dual Role of CD4 in Peripheral T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:618. [PMID: 31001252 PMCID: PMC6454155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of T-cell receptors (TCRs) with self- and non-self-peptides in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stimulates crucial signaling events, which in turn can activate T lymphocytes. A variety of accessory molecules further modulate T-cell signaling. Of these, the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors make the most critical contributions to T cell sensitivity in vivo. Whereas, CD4 function in T cell development is well-characterized, its role in peripheral T cells remains incompletely understood. It was originally suggested that CD4 stabilizes weak interactions between TCRs and peptides in the MHC and delivers Lck kinases to that complex. The results of numerous experiments support the latter role, indicating that the CD4-Lck complex accelerates TCR-triggered signaling and controls the availability of the kinase for TCR in the absence of the ligand. On the other hand, extremely low affinity of CD4 for MHC rules out its ability to stabilize the receptor-ligand complex. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CD4 in T cells, with a special emphasis on the spatio-temporal organization of early signaling events and the relevance for CD4 function. We further highlight the capacity of CD4 to interact with the MHC in the absence of TCR. It drives the adhesion of T cells to the cells that express the MHC. This process is facilitated by the CD4 accumulation in the tips of microvilli on the surface of unstimulated T cells. Based on these observations, we suggest an alternative model of CD4 role in T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Glatzová
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Cebecauer
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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49
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Capasso A, Lang J, Pitts TM, Jordan KR, Lieu CH, Davis SL, Diamond JR, Kopetz S, Barbee J, Peterson J, Freed BM, Yacob BW, Bagby SM, Messersmith WA, Slansky JE, Pelanda R, Eckhardt SG. Characterization of immune responses to anti-PD-1 mono and combination immunotherapy in hematopoietic humanized mice implanted with tumor xenografts. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:37. [PMID: 30736857 PMCID: PMC6368764 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of agents that reverse T-cell inhibitory signals, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, has reinvigorated cancer immunotherapy research. However, since only a minority of patients respond to single-agent therapies, methods to test the potential anti-tumor activity of rational combination therapies are still needed. Conventional murine xenograft models have been hampered by their immune-compromised status; thus, we developed a hematopoietic humanized mouse model, hu-CB-BRGS, and used it to study anti-tumor human immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line and patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts (PDX). Methods BALB/c-Rag2nullIl2rγnullSIRPαNOD (BRGS) pups were humanized through transplantation of cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+ cells. Mice were evaluated for human chimerism in the blood and assigned into experimental untreated or nivolumab groups based on chimerism. TNBC cell lines or tumor tissue from established CRC PDX models were implanted into both flanks of humanized mice and treatments ensued once tumors reached a volume of ~150mm3. Tumors were measured twice weekly. At end of study, immune organs and tumors were collected for immunological assessment. Results Humanized PDX models were successfully established with a high frequency of tumor engraftment. Humanized mice treated with anti-PD-1 exhibited increased anti-tumor human T-cell responses coupled with decreased Treg and myeloid populations that correlated with tumor growth inhibition. Combination therapies with anti-PD-1 treatment in TNBC-bearing mice reduced tumor growth in multi-drug cohorts. Finally, as observed in human colorectal patients, anti-PD-1 therapy had a strong response to a microsatellite-high CRC PDX that correlated with a higher number of human CD8+ IFNγ+ T cells in the tumor. Conclusion Hu-CB-BRGS mice represent an in vivo model to study immune checkpoint blockade to human tumors. The human immune system in the mice is inherently suppressed, similar to a tumor microenvironment, and thus allows growth of human tumors. However, the suppression can be released by anti-PD-1 therapies and inhibit tumor growth of some tumors. The model offers ample access to lymph and tumor cells for in-depth immunological analysis. The tumor growth inhibition correlates with increased CD8 IFNγ+ tumor infiltrating T cells. These hu-CB-BRGS mice provide a relevant preclinical animal model to facilitate prioritization of hypothesis-driven combination immunotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0518-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J Lang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - T M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - K R Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C H Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S L Davis
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S Kopetz
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd10, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Barbee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - B M Freed
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - B W Yacob
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S M Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - W A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J E Slansky
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - R Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave P18-8401G, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S G Eckhardt
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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50
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Fernandes N, Pulliam L. Inflammatory Mechanisms and Cascades Contributing to Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV/AIDS. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 50:77-103. [PMID: 31385260 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairment caused by chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a growing concern. In this chapter we discuss the inflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathology of asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive impairment in the context of antiretroviral therapy. We discuss the role of HIV, viral proteins, and virally infected cells on the development of neuroinflammation and the effect of viral proteins on the cells of the central nervous system.We examine how these collective factors result in an inflammatory context that triggers the development of neurocognitive impairment in HIV. We assess the contribution of antiretrovirals and drugs of abuse, including methamphetamine, cannabis, and opioids, to the neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory milieu that leads to the development of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals. We also examined circulating biomarkers, NF-L, sCD163, and sCD14, pertinent to identifying changes in the CNS that could indicate real-time changes in patient physiology. Lastly, we discuss future studies, such as exosomes and the microbiome, which could play a role in the HIV-induced neuroinflammation that eventually manifests as cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fernandes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Pulliam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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