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Uckeley ZM, Duboeuf M, Gu Y, Erny A, Mazelier M, Lüchtenborg C, Winter SL, Schad P, Mathieu C, Koch J, Boulant S, Chlanda P, Maisse C, Brügger B, Lozach PY. Glucosylceramide in bunyavirus particles is essential for virus binding to host cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:71. [PMID: 38300320 PMCID: PMC10834583 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Hexosylceramides (HexCer) are implicated in the infection process of various pathogens. However, the molecular and cellular functions of HexCer in infectious cycles are poorly understood. Investigating the enveloped virus Uukuniemi (UUKV), a bunyavirus of the Phenuiviridae family, we performed a lipidomic analysis with mass spectrometry and determined the lipidome of both infected cells and derived virions. We found that UUKV alters the processing of HexCer to glycosphingolipids (GSL) in infected cells. The infection resulted in the overexpression of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase (UGCG) and the specific accumulation of GlcCer and its subsequent incorporation into viral progeny. UUKV and several pathogenic bunyaviruses relied on GlcCer in the viral envelope for binding to various host cell types. Overall, our results indicate that GlcCer is a structural determinant of virions crucial for bunyavirus infectivity. This study also highlights the importance of glycolipids on virions in facilitating interactions with host cell receptors and infectious entry of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina M Uckeley
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Maëva Duboeuf
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Yu Gu
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Erny
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Magalie Mazelier
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sophie L Winter
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Schaller Research Groups, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Schad
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jana Koch
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department for Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Petr Chlanda
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Schaller Research Groups, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carine Maisse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence, CellNetworks, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, 69007, Lyon, France.
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2
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Ostroumova OS, Efimova SS. Lipid-Centric Approaches in Combating Infectious Diseases: Antibacterials, Antifungals and Antivirals with Lipid-Associated Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 38136750 PMCID: PMC10741038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is the increase in mortality from infectious diseases against the backdrop of the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, it is worth targeting antibacterials towards the membranes of pathogens that are quite conservative and not amenable to elimination. This review is an attempt to critically analyze the possibilities of targeting antimicrobial agents towards enzymes involved in pathogen lipid biosynthesis or towards bacterial, fungal, and viral lipid membranes, to increase the permeability via pore formation and to modulate the membranes' properties in a manner that makes them incompatible with the pathogen's life cycle. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in the search for highly effective but nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Examples of compounds with a proven molecular mechanism of action are presented, and the types of the most promising pharmacophores for further research and the improvement of the characteristics of antibiotics are discussed. The strategies that pathogens use for survival in terms of modulating the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane, achieving a balance between resistance to antibiotics and the ability to facilitate all necessary transport and signaling processes, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Ostroumova
- Laboratory of Membrane and Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
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Zeng L, Li J, Lv M, Li Z, Yao L, Gao J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yang X, Tang G, Qu G, Jiang G. Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:15-31. [PMID: 37552709 PMCID: PMC10255587 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses, direct contact is a common route of infection, while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease, although their significance remains controversial. Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics. Herein, from the perspective of the driving force, partition efficiency, and viral survivability at interfaces, we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses. We expect to provide insights for virus detection, environmental surveillance, and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junya Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health,
Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Tran NNB, Bui ATA, Jaramillo-Martinez V, Weber J, Zhang Q, Urbatsch IL. Lipid environment determines the drug-stimulated ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1141081. [PMID: 36911528 PMCID: PMC9995911 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1141081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a multidrug transporter that uses the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis to export from cells a wide variety of hydrophobic compounds including anticancer drugs, and mediates the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Lipids and cholesterol have been shown to modulate the substrate-stimulated ATPase activity of purified Pgp in detergent solution and the substrate transport activity after reconstitution into proteoliposomes. While lipid extracts from E. coli, liver or brain tissues generally support well Pgp's functionality, their ill-defined composition and high UV absorbance make them less suitable for optical biophysical assays. On the other hand, studies with defined synthetic lipids, usually the bilayer-forming phosphatidylcholine with or without cholesterol, are often plagued by low ATPase activity and low binding affinity of Pgp for drugs. Drawing from the lipid composition of mammalian plasma membranes, we here investigate how different head groups modulate the verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity of purified Pgp in detergent-lipid micelles and compare them with components of E. coli lipids. Our general approach was to assay modulation of verapamil-stimulation of ATPase activity by artificial lipid mixtures starting with the bilayer-forming palmitoyloyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and -phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE). We show that POPC/POPE supplemented with sphingomyelin (SM), cardiolipin, or phosphatidic acid enhanced the verapamil-stimulated activity (Vmax) and decreased the concentration required for half-maximal activity (EC50). Cholesterol (Chol) and more so its soluble hemisuccinate derivative cholesteryl hemisuccinate substantially decreased EC50, perhaps by supporting the functional integrity of the drug binding sites. High concentrations of CHS (>15%) resulted in a significantly increased basal activity which could be due to binding of CHS to the drug binding site as transport substrate or as activator, maybe acting cooperatively with verapamil. Lastly, Pgp reconstituted into liposomes or nanodiscs displayed higher basal activity and sustained high levels of verapamil stimulated activity. The findings establish a stable source of artificial lipid mixtures containing either SM and cholesterol or CHS that restore Pgp functionality with activities and affinities similar to those in the natural plasma membrane environment and will pave the way for future functional and biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi N. B. Tran
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - A. T. A. Bui
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Valeria Jaramillo-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Joachim Weber
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ina L. Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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5
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Foged MM, Maeda K, Bilgin M. Profiling the Mammalian Lipidome by Quantitative Shotgun Lipidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:89-102. [PMID: 36653635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of lipidomics presents the systems biology approach to identify and quantify the full lipid repertoire of cells, tissues, and organisms. The importance of the lipidome is demonstrated by a number of biological studies on dysregulation of lipid metabolism in human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Exploring changes and regulations in the huge networks of lipids and their metabolic pathways requires a lipidomics methodology: advanced mass spectrometry that resolves the complexity of the lipidome. Here, we report a comprehensive protocol of quantitative shotgun lipidomics that enables identification and quantification of hundreds of molecular lipid species, covering a wide range of lipid classes, extracted from cultured mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Møller Foged
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Lipidomics Core Facility, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Korade Z, Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Balog M, Genaro-Mattos TC, Pattnaik A, Mirnics K, Pattnaik AK, Porter NA. Dose-Response Effects of 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Inhibitors on Sterol Profiles and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1086-1096. [PMID: 36407960 PMCID: PMC9667548 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is ubiquitous in cells; it plays a critical role in membrane structure and transport as well as in intracellular trafficking processes. There are suggestions that cholesterol metabolism is linked to innate immunity with inhibitors of DHCR7, the last enzyme in the cholesterol pathway, suggested to have potential as viral therapeutics nearly a decade ago. In fact, there are a number of highly prescribed pharmaceuticals that are off-target inhibitors of DHCR7, causing increased cellular levels of 7-dehydrodesmosterol (7-DHD) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). We report here dose-response studies of six such inhibitors on late-stage cholesterol biosynthesis in Neuro2a cells as well as their effect on infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Four of the test compounds are FDA-approved drugs (cariprazine, trazodone, metoprolol, and tamoxifen), one (ifenprodil) has been the object of a recent Phase 2b COVID trial, and one (AY9944) is an experimental compound that has seen extensive use as a DHCR7 inhibitor. The three FDA-approved drugs inhibit replication of a GFP-tagged VSV with efficacies that mirror their effect on DHCR7. Ifenprodil and AY9944 have complex inhibitory profiles, acting on both DHCR7 and DHCR14, while tamoxifen does not inhibit DHCR7 and is toxic to Neuro2a at concentrations where it inhibits the Δ7-Δ8 isomerase of the cholesterol pathway. VSV itself affects the sterol profile in Neuro2a cells, showing a dose-response increase of dehydrolathosterol and lathosterol, the substrates for DHCR7, with a corresponding decrease in desmosterol and cholesterol. 7-DHD and 7-DHC are orders of magnitude more vulnerable to free radical chain oxidation than other sterols as well as polyunsaturated fatty esters, and the effect of these sterols on viral infection is likely a reflection of this fact of Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Korade
- Department
of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Marta Balog
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
- Department
of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- Nebraska
Center for Virology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, United States
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer
Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- Nebraska
Center for Virology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, United States
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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7
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A mechanism of self-lipid endocytosis mediated by the receptor Mincle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120489119. [PMID: 35867828 PMCID: PMC9335232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120489119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid endocytosis, a normal physiological process of cellular lipid uptake, often underlies the pathogenesis of some widespread diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. However, the mechanisms of lipid endocytosis are incompletely understood, and only a few such mechanisms have been discovered, limiting the available therapeutic strategies and targets in these diseases. Here we found that the receptor Mincle, previously known as a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, plays a significant role in endocytosis. The results have revealed a fundamental pathway of lipid endocytosis, which we call Mincle-mediated endocytosis. Cellular lipid uptake (through endocytosis) is a basic physiological process. Dysregulation of this process underlies the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. However, to date, only some mechanisms of lipid endocytosis have been discovered. Here, we show a previously unknown mechanism of lipid cargo uptake into cells mediated by the receptor Mincle. We found that the receptor Mincle, previously shown to be a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, tightly binds a range of self-lipids. Moreover, we revealed the minimal molecular motif in lipids that is sufficient for Mincle recognition. Superresolution microscopy showed that Mincle forms vesicles in cytoplasm and colocalizes with added fluorescent lipids in endothelial cells but does not colocalize with either clathrin or caveolin-1, and the added lipids were predominantly incorporated in vesicles that expressed Mincle. Using a model of ganglioside GM3 uptake in brain vessel endothelial cells, we show that the knockout of Mincle led to a dramatic decrease in lipid endocytosis. Taken together, our results have revealed a fundamental lipid endocytosis pathway, which we call Mincle-mediated endocytosis (MiME), and indicate a prospective target for the treatment of disorders of lipid metabolism, which are rapidly increasing in prevalence.
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8
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Structure of infective Getah virus at 2.8 Å resolution determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Cell Discov 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35149682 PMCID: PMC8832435 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV), a member of the genus alphavirus, is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. Although antibodies to GETV have been found in over 10% of healthy people, there are no reports of clinical symptoms associated with GETV. The biological and pathological properties of GETV are largely unknown and antiviral or vaccine treatments against GETV are still unavailable due to a lack of knowledge of the structure of the GETV virion. Here, we present the structure of infective GETV at a resolution of 2.8 Å with the atomic models of the capsid protein and the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. We have identified numerous glycosylation and S-acylation sites in E1 and E2. The surface-exposed glycans indicate a possible impact on viral immune evasion and host cell invasion. The S-acylation sites might be involved in stabilizing the transmembrane assembly of E1 and E2. In addition, a cholesterol and a phospholipid molecule are observed in a transmembrane hydrophobic pocket, together with two more cholesterols surrounding the pocket. The cholesterol and phospholipid stabilize the hydrophobic pocket in the viral envelope membrane. The structural information will assist structure-based antiviral and vaccine screening, design, and optimization.
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9
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Perez-Zsolt D, Raïch-Regué D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Clotet B, Blanco J, Izquierdo-Useros N. HIV-1 trans-Infection Mediated by DCs: The Tip of the Iceberg of Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission. Pathogens 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 35055987 PMCID: PMC8778849 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission is key for an effective viral replication that evades immunity. This highly infectious mechanism is orchestrated by different cellular targets that utilize a wide variety of processes to efficiently transfer HIV-1 particles. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells that initiate antiviral immune responses, but are also the cells with highest capacity to transfer HIV-1. This mechanism, known as trans-infection, relies on the capacity of DCs to capture HIV-1 particles via lectin receptors such as the sialic acid-binding I-type lectin Siglec-1/CD169. The discovery of the molecular interaction of Siglec-1 with sialylated lipids exposed on HIV-1 membranes has enlightened how this receptor can bind to several enveloped viruses. The outcome of these interactions can either mount effective immune responses, boost the productive infection of DCs and favour innate sensing, or fuel viral transmission via trans-infection. Here we review these scenarios focusing on HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses such as Ebola virus or SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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Havranek KE, Reyes Ballista JM, Hines KM, Brindley MA. Untargeted Lipidomics of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Infected Cells and Viral Particles. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010003. [PMID: 35062207 PMCID: PMC8778780 DOI: 10.3390/v14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral lifecycle is critically dependent upon host lipids. Enveloped viral entry requires fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Once an infection has occurred, viruses may rely on host lipids for replication and egress. Upon exit, enveloped viruses derive their lipid bilayer from host membranes during the budding process. Furthermore, host lipid metabolism and signaling are often hijacked to facilitate viral replication. We employed an untargeted HILIC-IM-MS lipidomics approach and identified host lipid species that were significantly altered during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Many glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were modified, and ontological enrichment analysis suggested that the alterations to the lipid profile change host membrane properties. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which can contribute to membrane curvature and serve as a signaling molecule, was depleted during infection, while several ceramide sphingolipids were augmented during infection. Ceramide and sphingomyelin lipids were also enriched in viral particles, indicating that sphingolipid metabolism is important during VSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Havranek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.E.H.); (J.M.R.B.)
| | - Judith Mary Reyes Ballista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.E.H.); (J.M.R.B.)
| | - Kelly Marie Hines
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +1-706-542-1966 (K.M.H.); +1-706-542-5796 (M.A.B.)
| | - Melinda Ann Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +1-706-542-1966 (K.M.H.); +1-706-542-5796 (M.A.B.)
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11
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Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Hurtado-Monzón AM, Osuna-Ramos JF, González-González AM, De Jesús-González LA, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Del Ángel RM. Anti-flavivirus Properties of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749770. [PMID: 34690817 PMCID: PMC8529048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) virus are important human pathogens, an effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against them is not available. Hence, the search for new strategies to control flavivirus infections is essential. Several studies have shown that the host lipid metabolism could be an antiviral target because cholesterol and other lipids are required during the replicative cycle of different Flaviviridae family members. FDA-approved drugs with hypolipidemic effects could be an alternative for treating flavivirus infections. However, a better understanding of the regulation between host lipid metabolism and signaling pathways triggered during these infections is required. The metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism modified during DENV and ZIKV infection are analyzed in this review. Additionally, the role of lipid-lowering drugs as safe host-targeted antivirals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arianna M Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely M González-González
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Plant Alkaloids Inhibit Membrane Fusion Mediated by Calcium and Fragments of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptides. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101434. [PMID: 34680551 PMCID: PMC8533497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To rationalize the antiviral actions of plant alkaloids, the ability of 20 compounds to inhibit calcium-mediated fusion of lipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylglycerol and cholesterol was investigated using the calcein release assay and dynamic light scattering. Piperine, tabersonine, hordenine, lupinine, quinine, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine demonstrated the most potent effects (inhibition index greater than 50%). The introduction of phosphatidylcholine into the phosphatidylglycerol/cholesterol mixture led to significant changes in quinine, hordenine, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine efficiency. Comparison of the fusion inhibitory ability of the tested alkaloids, and the results of the measurements of alkaloid-induced alterations in the physical properties of model membranes indicated a potent relationship between a decrease in the cooperativity of the phase transition of lipids and the ability of alkaloids to prevent calcium-mediated vesicle fusion. In order to use this knowledge to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic, the ability of the most effective compounds to suppress membrane fusion induced by fragments of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptides was studied using the calcein release assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Piperine was shown to inhibit vesicle fusion mediated by both coronavirus peptides. Moreover, piperine was shown to significantly reduce the titer of SARS-CoV2 progeny in vitro in Vero cells when used in non-toxic concentrations.
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13
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Simon M, Veit M, Osterrieder K, Gradzielski M. Surfactants - Compounds for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 55:101479. [PMID: 34149296 PMCID: PMC8196227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide here a general view on the interactions of surfactants with viruses, with a particular emphasis on how such interactions can be controlled and employed for inhibiting the infectivity of enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses. The aim is to provide to interested scientists from different fields, including chemistry, physics, biochemistry, and medicine, an overview of the basic properties of surfactants and (corona)viruses, which are relevant to understanding the interactions between the two. Various types of interactions between surfactant and virus are important, and they act on different components of a virus such as the lipid envelope, membrane (envelope) proteins and nucleocapsid proteins. Accordingly, this cannot be a detailed account of all relevant aspects but instead a summary that bridges between the different disciplines. We describe concepts and cover a selection of the relevant literature as an incentive for diving deeper into the relevant material. Our focus is on more recent developments around the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, applications of surfactants against the virus, and on the potential future use of surfactants for pandemic relief. We also cover the most important aspects of the historical development of using surfactants in combatting virus infections. We conclude that surfactants are already playing very important roles in various directions of defence against viruses, either directly, as in disinfection, or as carrier components of drug delivery systems for prophylaxis or treatment. By designing tailor-made surfactants, and consequently, advanced formulations, one can expect more and more effective use of surfactants, either directly as antiviral compounds or as part of more complex formulations.
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Key Words
- AFM, atomic force microscopy
- BVDV, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
- C12E8, dodecyloctaglycol
- CPyC, cetylpyridinium chloride
- DSPC, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- Disinfection
- Enveloped viruses
- Flu, influenza virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- Ld, liquid-disordered
- Lipid bilayers
- Lo, liquid-ordered
- PA, phosphatidic acid (anionic)
- PC, phosphatidylcholine (zwitterionic)
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine (zwitterionic)
- PI, phosphatidylinositol (anionic)
- POPC, 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- PS, phosphatidylserine (anionic)
- QUAT, quaternary alkyl ammonium
- RNP, ribonucleoprotein particle
- SAXS, small-angle X-ray scattering
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- Surfactant
- TBP, tri-n-butyl phosphate
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- Virus inactivation
- cac, critical aggregate concentration
- cmc, critical micelle concentration
- p, packing parameter
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simon
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnolgy Inst. (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IL 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael Veit
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert von Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert von Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Liu L, Deng CJ, Duan YL, Ye CJ, Gong DH, Guo XL, Lee WH, Zhou J, Li SA, Zhang Y. An Aerolysin-like Pore-Forming Protein Complex Targets Viral Envelope to Inactivate Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:888-901. [PMID: 34290105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because most of animal viruses are enveloped, cytoplasmic entry of these viruses via fusion with cellular membrane initiates their invasion. However, the strategies in which host cells counteract cytoplasmic entry of such viruses are incompletely understood. Pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) exist throughout the animal kingdom, but their functions are mostly unknown. In this study, we report that βγ-crystallin fused aerolysin-like protein and trefoil factor complex (βγ-CAT), an ALP and trefoil factor complex from the frog Bombina maxima, directly blocks enveloped virus invasion by interfering with cytoplasmic entry. βγ-CAT targeted acidic glycosphingolipids on the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) envelope to induce pore formation, as indicated by the oligomer formation of protein and potassium and calcium ion efflux. Meanwhile, βγ-CAT formed ring-like oligomers of ∼10 nm in diameter on the liposomes and induced dye release from liposomes that mimic viral envelope. Unexpectedly, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the βγ-CAT-treated HSV-1 was visibly as intact as the vehicle-treated HSV-1, indicating that βγ-CAT did not lyse the viral envelope. However, the cytoplasmic entry of the βγ-CAT-treated HSV-1 into HeLa cells was totally hindered. In vivo, topical application of βγ-CAT attenuated the HSV-1 corneal infection in mice. Collectively, these results uncovered that βγ-CAT possesses the capacity to counteract enveloped virus invasion with its featured antiviral-acting manner. Our findings will also largely help to illustrate the putative antiviral activity of animal ALPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Li Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen-Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dao-Hua Gong
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China;
| | - Sheng-An Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of The Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Moreno MJ, Teles Martins PA, Bernardino EF, Abel B, Ambudkar SV. Characterization of the Lipidome and Biophysical Properties of Membranes from High Five Insect Cells Expressing Mouse P-Glycoprotein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030426. [PMID: 33799403 PMCID: PMC8001469 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of biomembranes influences the properties of the lipid bilayer and that of the proteins. In this study, the lipidome and the lipid/protein ratio of membranes from High Five™ insect cells overexpressing mouse P-glycoprotein was characterized. This provides a better understanding of the lipid environment in which P-glycoprotein is embedded, and thus of its functional and structural properties. The relative abundance of the distinct phospholipid classes and their acyl chain composition was characterized. A mass ratio of 0.57 ± 0.11 phospholipids to protein was obtained. Phosphatidylethanolamines are the most abundant phospholipids, followed by phosphatidylcholines. Membranes are also enriched in negatively charged lipids (phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylglycerols), and contain small amounts of sphingomyelins, ceramides and monoglycosilatedceramides. The most abundant acyl chains are monounsaturated, with significant amounts of saturated chains. The characterization of the phospholipids by HPLC-MS allowed identification of the combination of acyl chains, with palmitoyl-oleoyl being the most representative for all major phospholipid classes except for phosphatidylserines, which are mostly saturated. A mixture of POPE:POPC:POPS in the ratio 45:35:20 is proposed for the preparation of simple representative model membranes. The adequacy of the model membranes was further evaluated by characterizing their surface potential and fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.T.M.); (E.F.B.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Eva F. Bernardino
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Chemistry Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.T.M.); (E.F.B.)
| | - Biebele Abel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.); (S.V.A.)
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16
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Barreto-Vieira DF, Couto-Lima D, Jácome FC, Caldas GC, Barth OM. Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika and Chikungunya epidemic arboviruses in Brazil: ultrastructural aspects. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 115:e200278. [PMID: 33566939 PMCID: PMC7860610 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of arbovirus cocirculation in Brazil is unknown. Dengue virus (DENV) reinfection may result in more intense viraemia or immunopathology, leading to more severe disease. The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas provided pathogenicity evidence that had not been previously observed in flavivirus infections. In contrast to other flaviviruses, electron microscopy studies have shown that ZIKV may replicate in viroplasm-like structures. Flaviviruses produce an ensemble of structurally different virions, collectively contributing to tissue tropism and virus dissemination. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In this work, the Aedes albopictus mosquito cell lineage (C6/36 cells) and kidney epithelial cells from African green monkeys (Vero cells) were infected with samples of the main circulating arboviruses in Brazil [DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, ZIKV, Yellow Fever virus (YFV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)], and ultrastructural studies by transmission electron microscopy were performed. FINDINGS We observed that ZIKV, the DENV serotypes, YFV and CHIKV particles are spherical. ZIKV, DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4 presented diameters of 40-50 nm, and CHIKV presented approximate diameters of 50-60 nm. Viroplasm-like structures was observed in ZIKV replication cycle. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The morphogenesis of these arboviruses is similar to what has been presented in previous studies. However, we understand that further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between viroplasm-like structures and ZIKV replication dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Cunha Jácome
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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17
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Current Understanding of the Role of Cholesterol in the Life Cycle of Alphaviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010035. [PMID: 33383613 PMCID: PMC7823518 DOI: 10.3390/v13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses rely on different lipid classes present in cell membranes to accomplish several steps of their life cycle in the host. Particularly for alphaviruses, a medically important group of arboviruses, which are part of the Togaviridae family, cholesterol seems to be a critical lipid exploited during infection, although its relevance may vary depending on which stage of the virus life cycle is under consideration and whether infection takes place in vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. In this review, the role of cholesterol in both early and late events of alphavirus infection and how viral replication may affect cholesterol metabolism are summarized, taking into account studies on Old World and New World alphaviruses in different cell lines. Moreover, the importance of cholesterol for the structural stability of alphavirus particles is also discussed, shedding light on the role played by this lipid when they leave the host cell.
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18
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Cezanne A, Lauer J, Solomatina A, Sbalzarini IF, Zerial M. A non-linear system patterns Rab5 GTPase on the membrane. eLife 2020; 9:e54434. [PMID: 32510320 PMCID: PMC7279886 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins can self-organize into spatial patterns via non-linear dynamic interactions on cellular membranes. Modelling and simulations have shown that small GTPases can generate patterns by coupling guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) to effectors, generating a positive feedback of GTPase activation and membrane recruitment. Here, we reconstituted the patterning of the small GTPase Rab5 and its GEF/effector complex Rabex5/Rabaptin5 on supported lipid bilayers. We demonstrate a 'handover' of Rab5 from Rabex5 to Rabaptin5 upon nucleotide exchange. A minimal system consisting of Rab5, RabGDI and a complex of full length Rabex5/Rabaptin5 was necessary to pattern Rab5 into membrane domains. Rab5 patterning required a lipid membrane composition mimicking that of early endosomes, with PI(3)P enhancing membrane recruitment of Rab5 and acyl chain packing being critical for domain formation. The prevalence of GEF/effector coupling in nature suggests a possible universal system for small GTPase patterning involving both protein and lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cezanne
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Janelle Lauer
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Anastasia Solomatina
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Chair of Scientific Computing for Systems Biology, Faculty of Computer ScienceDresdenGermany
- MOSAIC Group, Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Ivo F Sbalzarini
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Chair of Scientific Computing for Systems Biology, Faculty of Computer ScienceDresdenGermany
- MOSAIC Group, Center for Systems Biology DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
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19
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Patches and Blebs: A Comparative Study of the Composition and Biophysical Properties of Two Plasma Membrane Preparations from CHO Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072643. [PMID: 32290157 PMCID: PMC7177368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at preparing and characterizing plasma membranes (PM) from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Two methods of PM preparation were applied, one based on adhering cells to a poly-lysine-coated surface, followed by hypotonic lysis and removal of intracellular components, so that PM patches remain adhered to each other, and a second one consisting of bleb induction in cells, followed by separation of giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMV). Both methods gave rise to PM in sufficient amounts to allow biophysical and biochemical characterization. Laurdan generalized polarization was used to measure molecular order in membranes, PM preparations were clearly more ordered than the average cell membranes (GP ≈0.450 vs. ≈0.20 respectively). Atomic force microscopy was used in the force spectroscopy mode to measure breakthrough forces of PM, both PM preparations provided values in the 4–6 nN range, while the corresponding value for whole cell lipid extracts was ≈2 nN. Lipidomic analysis of the PM preparations revealed that, as compared to the average cell membranes, PM were enriched in phospholipids containing 30–32 C atoms in their acyl chains but were relatively poor in those containing 34–40 C atoms. PM contained more saturated and less polyunsaturated fatty acids than the average cell membranes. Blebs (GPMV) and patches were very similar in their lipid composition, except that blebs contained four-fold the amount of cholesterol of patches (≈23 vs. ≈6 mol% total membrane lipids) while the average cell lipids contained 3 mol%. The differences in lipid composition are in agreement with the observed variations in physical properties between PM and whole cell membranes.
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20
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O'Donnell VB, Thomas D, Stanton R, Maillard JY, Murphy RC, Jones SA, Humphreys I, Wakelam MJO, Fegan C, Wise MP, Bosch A, Sattar SA. Potential Role of Oral Rinses Targeting the Viral Lipid Envelope in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. FUNCTION 2020; 1:zqaa002. [PMID: 33215159 PMCID: PMC7239187 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies increasingly demonstrate the importance of the throat and salivary glands as sites of virus replication and transmission in early COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, characterized by an outer lipid membrane derived from the host cell from which it buds. While it is highly sensitive to agents that disrupt lipid biomembranes, there has been no discussion about the potential role of oral rinsing in preventing transmission. Here, we review known mechanisms of viral lipid membrane disruption by widely available dental mouthwash components that include ethanol, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone-iodine. We also assess existing formulations for their potential ability to disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 lipid envelope, based on their concentrations of these agents, and conclude that several deserve clinical evaluation. We highlight that already published research on other enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, directly supports the idea that oral rinsing should be considered as a potential way to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Research to test this could include evaluating existing or specifically tailored new formulations in well-designed viral inactivation assays, then in clinical trials. Population-based interventions could be undertaken with available mouthwashes, with active monitoring of outcome to determine efficacy. This is an under-researched area of major clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Thomas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Dentistry
| | | | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Medicine
| | - Ian Humphreys
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Matt P Wise
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Syed A Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
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21
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Virucidal Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Chemistry Using Garlic Extract. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121111. [PMID: 31801280 PMCID: PMC6950311 DOI: 10.3390/v11121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) is a paramyxovirus that infects humans, principally children. Despite the existence of an effective and safe vaccine, the number of cases of measles has increased due to lack of vaccination coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the number of cases worldwide multiplied fourfold between January and March 2019, to 112,000. Today, there is no treatment available for MeV. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that natural extracts (herbal or algal) with antiviral activity can also work as reducing agents that, in combination with nanotechnology, offer an innovative option to counteract viral infections. Here, we synthetized and evaluated the antiviral activity of gold nanoparticles using garlic extract (Allium sativa) as a reducing agent (AuNPs-As). These nanoparticles actively inhibited MeV replication in Vero cells at a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 8.829 µg/mL, and the selectivity index (SI) obtained was 16.05. AuNPs-As likely inhibit viral infection by blocking viral particles directly, showing a potent virucidal effect. Gold nanoparticles may be useful as a promising strategy for treating and controlling the infection of MeV and other related enveloped viruses.
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22
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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23
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Dunbar CA, Rayaprolu V, Wang JCY, Brown CJ, Leishman E, Jones-Burrage S, Trinidad JC, Bradshaw HB, Clemmer DE, Mukhopadhyay S, Jarrold MF. Dissecting the Components of Sindbis Virus from Arthropod and Vertebrate Hosts: Implications for Infectivity Differences. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:892-902. [PMID: 30986033 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sindbis virus (SINV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, which is transmitted via mosquitos to a wide range of vertebrate hosts. SINV produced by vertebrate, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is more than an order of magnitude less infectious than SINV produced from mosquito (C6/36) cells. The cause of this difference is poorly understood. In this study, charge detection mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses of intact SINV particles isolated from BHK and C6/36 cells. The measured masses are substantially different: 52.88 MDa for BHK derived SINV and 50.69 MDa for C6/36 derived. Further analysis using several mass spectrometry-based methods and biophysical approaches indicates that BHK derived SINV has a substantially higher mass than C6/36 derived because in the lipid bilayer, there is a higher portion of lipids containing long chain fatty acids. The difference in lipid composition could influence the organization of the lipid bilayer. As a result, multiple stages of the viral lifecycle may be affected including assembly and budding, particle stability during transmission, and fusion events, all of which could contribute to the differences in infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joseph C.-Y. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Simon Hall, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sara Jones-Burrage
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Suchetana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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24
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Perez-Zsolt D, Erkizia I, Pino M, García-Gallo M, Martin MT, Benet S, Chojnacki J, Fernández-Figueras MT, Guerrero D, Urrea V, Muñiz-Trabudua X, Kremer L, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. Anti-Siglec-1 antibodies block Ebola viral uptake and decrease cytoplasmic viral entry. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1558-1570. [PMID: 31160823 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several Ebola viruses cause outbreaks of lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans, but developing therapies tackle only Zaire Ebola virus. Dendritic cells (DCs) are targets of this infection in vivo. Here, we found that Ebola virus entry into activated DCs requires the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1/CD169), which recognizes sialylated gangliosides anchored to viral membranes. Blockage of the Siglec-1 receptor by anti-Siglec-1 monoclonal antibodies halted Ebola viral uptake and cytoplasmic entry, offering cross-protection against other ganglioside-containing viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Pino
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Martin
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Benet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Fernández-Figueras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya-Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Dolores Guerrero
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Victor Urrea
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Xabier Muñiz-Trabudua
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain. .,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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25
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Vieyres G, Pietschmann T. HCV Pit Stop at the Lipid Droplet: Refuel Lipids and Put on a Lipoprotein Coat before Exit. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030233. [PMID: 30871009 PMCID: PMC6468556 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication cycle of the liver-tropic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is tightly connected to the host lipid metabolism, during the virus entry, replication, assembly and egress stages, but also while the virus circulates in the bloodstream. This interplay coins viral particle properties, governs viral cell tropism, and facilitates immune evasion. This review summarizes our knowledge of these interactions focusing on the late steps of the virus replication cycle. It builds on our understanding of the cell biology of lipid droplets and the biosynthesis of liver lipoproteins and attempts to explain how HCV hijacks these organelles and pathways to assemble its lipo-viro-particles. In particular, this review describes (i) the mechanisms of viral protein translocation to and from the lipid droplet surface and the orchestration of an interface between replication and assembly complexes, (ii) the importance of the triglyceride mobilization from the lipid droplets for HCV assembly, (iii) the interplay between HCV and the lipoprotein synthesis pathway including the role played by apolipoproteins in virion assembly, and finally (iv) the consequences of these complex virus–host interactions on the virion composition and its biophysical properties. The wealth of data accumulated in the past years on the role of the lipid metabolism in HCV assembly and its imprint on the virion properties will guide vaccine design efforts and reinforce our understanding of the hepatic lipid metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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26
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Osuna-Ramos JF, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The Role of Host Cholesterol During Flavivirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:388. [PMID: 30450339 PMCID: PMC6224431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the emergence and resurgence of arboviruses have generated a global health alert. Among arboviruses, Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) virus, belong to the genus Flavivirus, cause high viremia and occasionally fatal clinical disease in humans. Given the genetic austerity of the virus, they depend on cellular factors and organelles to complete its replication. One of the cellular components required for flavivirus infection is cholesterol. Cholesterol is an abundant lipid in biomembranes of eukaryotes cells and is necessary to maintain the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been reported, that cholesterol is fundamental during flavivirus infection in both mammal and insect vector models. During infection with DENV, ZIKV, YFV, and WNV the modulation of levels of host-cholesterol facilitates viral entry, replicative complexes formation, assembly, egress, and control of the interferon type I response. This modulation involves changes in cholesterol uptake with the concomitant regulation of cholesterol receptors as well as changes in cholesterol synthesis related to important modifications in cellular metabolism pathways. In view of the flavivirus dependence of cholesterol and the lack of an effective anti-flaviviral treatment, this cellular lipid has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat infection using FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs. This review aims to address the dependence of cholesterol by flaviviruses as well as the basis for anti flaviviral therapy using drugs which target is cholesterol synthesis or uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa Maria Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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27
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Hsu FF. Mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics - a critical review from the technical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6387-6409. [PMID: 30094786 PMCID: PMC6195124 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mass spectrometry (MS)-based "shotgun lipidomics" has emerged as a powerful tool for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the complex lipids in the biological system. The aim of this critical review is to give the interested reader a concise overview of the current state of the technology, focused on lipidomic analysis by mass spectrometry. The pros and cons, and pitfalls associated with each available "shotgun lipidomics" method are discussed; and the new strategies for improving the current methods are described. A list of important papers and reviews that are sufficient rather than comprehensive, covering all the aspects of lipidomics including the workflow, methodology, and fundamentals is also compiled for readers to follow. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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28
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Kordyukova LV, Shtykova EV, Baratova LA, Svergun DI, Batishchev OV. Matrix proteins of enveloped viruses: a case study of Influenza A virus M1 protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:671-690. [PMID: 29388479 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1436089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus, a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family of enveloped viruses, is one of the human and animal top killers, and its structure and components are therefore extensively studied during the last decades. The most abundant component, M1 matrix protein, forms a matrix layer (scaffold) under the viral lipid envelope, and the functional roles as well as structural peculiarities of the M1 protein are still under heavy debate. Despite multiple attempts of crystallization, no high resolution structure is available for the full length M1 of Influenza A virus. The likely reason for the difficulties lies in the intrinsic disorder of the M1 C-terminal part preventing diffraction quality crystals to be grown. Alternative structural methods including synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy/tomography are therefore widely applied to understand the structure of M1, its self-association and interactions with the lipid membrane and the viral nucleocapsid. These methods reveal striking similarities in the behavior of M1 and matrix proteins of other enveloped RNA viruses, with the differences accompanied by the specific features of the viral lifecycles, thus suggesting common interaction principles and, possibly, common evolutional ancestors. The structural information on the Influenza A virus M1 protein obtained to the date strongly suggests that the intrinsic disorder in the C-terminal domain has important functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Kordyukova
- a Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Eleonora V Shtykova
- b Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre 'Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation.,c Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila A Baratova
- a Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg V Batishchev
- e Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russian Federation.,f Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudniy , Russian Federation
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29
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Vallbracht M, Brun D, Tassinari M, Vaney MC, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Guardado-Calvo P, Haouz A, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC, Rey FA, Backovic M. Structure-Function Dissection of Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein B Fusion Loops. J Virol 2018; 92:e01203-17. [PMID: 29046441 PMCID: PMC5730762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01203-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Conserved across the family Herpesviridae, glycoprotein B (gB) is responsible for driving fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane for entry upon receptor binding and activation by the viral gH/gL complex. Although crystal structures of the gB ectodomains of several herpesviruses have been reported, the membrane fusion mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we report the X-ray structure of the pseudorabies virus (PrV) gB ectodomain, revealing a typical class III postfusion trimer that binds membranes via its fusion loops (FLs) in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Mutagenesis of FL residues allowed us to dissect those interacting with distinct subregions of the lipid bilayer and their roles in membrane interactions. We tested 15 gB variants for the ability to bind to liposomes and further investigated a subset of them in functional assays. We found that PrV gB FL residues Trp187, Tyr192, Phe275, and Tyr276, which were essential for liposome binding and for fusion in cellular and viral contexts, form a continuous hydrophobic patch at the gB trimer surface. Together with results reported for other alphaherpesvirus gBs, our data suggest a model in which Phe275 from the tip of FL2 protrudes deeper into the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayer, while the side chains of Trp187, Tyr192, and Tyr276 form a rim that inserts into the more superficial interfacial region of the membrane to catalyze the fusion process. Comparative analysis with gBs from beta- and gamma-herpesviruses suggests that this membrane interaction model is valid for gBs from all herpesviruses.IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses are common human and animal pathogens that infect cells by entering via fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Central to the membrane fusion event is glycoprotein B (gB), which is the most conserved envelope protein across the herpesvirus family. Like other viral fusion proteins, gB anchors itself in the target membrane via two polypeptide segments called fusion loops (FLs). The molecular details of how gB FLs insert into the lipid bilayer have not been described. Here, we provide structural and functional data regarding key FL residues of gB from pseudorabies virus, a porcine herpesvirus of veterinary concern, which allows us to propose, for the first time, a molecular model to understand how the initial interactions by gBs from all herpesviruses with target membranes are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Vallbracht
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Delphine Brun
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tassinari
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vaney
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Pehau-Arnaudet
- Institut Pasteur, Ultrapole, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3528, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- CNRS UMR3528, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-Forme de Cristallographie, Paris, France
| | - Barbara G Klupp
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Marija Backovic
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
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30
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Tharkeshwar AK, Gevaert K, Annaert W. Organellar Omics-A Reviving Strategy to Untangle the Biomolecular Complexity of the Cell. Proteomics 2017; 18:e1700113. [PMID: 29125683 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A eukaryotic cell encompasses many membrane-enclosed organelles, each of these holding several types of biomolecules that exhibit tremendous diversity in terms of their localization and expression. Despite the development of increasingly sensitive analytical tools, the enormous biomolecular complexity that exists within a cell cannot yet be fully resolved as low abundant molecules often remain unrecognized. Moreover, a drawback of whole cell analysis is that it does not provide spatial information and therefore it is not capable of assigning distinct biomolecules to specific compartments or analyzing changes in the composition of these compartments. Reduction of the biomolecular complexity of a sample helps to identify low abundant molecules, but such a reductionist approach requires methods that enable proper isolation and purification of individual cellular organelles. Decades of research have led to the development of a plethora of isolation methods for a broad range of subcellular organelles; yet, in particular, intrinsically dynamic compartments belonging to the endocytic machinery, including the plasma membrane, remain difficult to isolate in a sufficiently pure fraction. In this review, we discuss various methods that are commonly used to isolate subcellular organelles from cells and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cell Biology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Trautz B, Wiedemann H, Lüchtenborg C, Pierini V, Kranich J, Glass B, Kräusslich HG, Brocker T, Pizzato M, Ruggieri A, Brügger B, Fackler OT. The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity without altering the lipid composition and organization of viral particles. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13702-13713. [PMID: 28659343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 potently suppresses the infectivity of HIV, type 1 (HIV-1) particles, and is counteracted by the viral pathogenesis factor Nef. However, the molecular mechanism by which SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 particle infectivity is still unclear. Because SERINC proteins have been suggested to facilitate the incorporation of serine during the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and because lipid composition of HIV particles is a major determinant of the infectious potential of the particles, we tested whether SERINC5-mediated restriction of HIV particle infectivity involves alterations of membrane lipid composition. We produced and purified HIV-1 particles from SERINC5293T cells with very low endogenous SERINC5 levels under conditions in which ectopically expressed SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity and is antagonized by Nef and analyzed both virions and producer cells with quantitative lipid MS. SERINC5 restriction and Nef antagonism were not associated with significant alterations in steady-state lipid composition of producer cells and HIV particles. Sphingosine metabolism kinetics were also unaltered by SERINC5 expression. Moreover, the levels of phosphatidylserine on the surface of HIV-1 particles, which may trigger uptake into non-productive internalization pathways in target cells, did not change upon expression of SERINC5 or Nef. Finally, saturating the phosphatidylserine-binding sites on HIV target cells did not affect SERINC5 restriction or Nef antagonism. These results demonstrate that the restriction of HIV-1 particle infectivity by SERINC5 does not depend on alterations in lipid composition and organization of HIV-1 particles and suggest that channeling serine into lipid biosynthesis may not be a cardinal cellular function of SERINC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Trautz
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Hannah Wiedemann
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Virginia Pierini
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Jan Kranich
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bärbel Glass
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- the University of Trento, Centre for Integrative Biology, 38122 Trento, Italy, and
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- the Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
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Cuevas JM, Durán-Moreno M, Sanjuán R. Multi-virion infectious units arise from free viral particles in an enveloped virus. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17078. [PMID: 28530650 PMCID: PMC5447809 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many animal viruses are enveloped in a lipid bilayer taken up from cellular membranes. Because viral surface proteins bind to these membranes to initiate infection, we hypothesized that free virions may also be capable of interacting with the envelopes of other virions extracellularly. Here, we demonstrate this hypothesis in the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic negative-strand RNA virus composed of an internal ribonucleocapsid, a matrix protein and an external envelope1. Using microscopy, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugation and flow cytometry, we show that free viral particles can spontaneously aggregate into multi-virion infectious units. We also show that, following establishment of these contacts, different viral genetic variants are co-transmitted to the same target cell. Furthermore, virion-virion binding can determine key aspects of viral fitness such as antibody escape. In purified virions, this process is driven by protein-lipid interactions probably involving the VSV surface glycoprotein and phosphatidylserine. Whereas we found that multi-virion complexes occurred unfrequently in standard cell cultures, they were abundant in other fluids such as saliva, a natural VSV shedding route2. Our findings contrast with the commonly accepted perception of virions as passive propagules and show the ability of enveloped viruses to establish collective infectious units, which could in turn facilitate the evolution of virus-virus interactions and of social-like traits3.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Cuevas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de
València, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València,
València, Spain
| | - María Durán-Moreno
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de
València, Spain
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de
València, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València,
València, Spain
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Triebl A, Trötzmüller M, Hartler J, Stojakovic T, Köfeler HC. Lipidomics by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and its application to complex biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1053:72-80. [PMID: 28415015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An improved approach for selective and sensitive identification and quantitation of lipid molecular species using reversed phase chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry was developed. The method is applicable to a wide variety of biological matrices using a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Together, this approach combines multiple selectivity criteria: Reversed phase chromatography separates lipids according to their acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation and is capable of resolving positional isomers of lysophospholipids, as well as structural isomers of diacyl phospholipids and glycerolipids. Orbitrap mass spectrometry delivers the elemental composition of both positive and negative ions with high mass accuracy. Finally, automatically generated tandem mass spectra provide structural insight into numerous glycerolipids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids within a single run. Calibration showed linearity ranges of more than four orders of magnitude, good values for accuracy and precision at biologically relevant concentration levels, and limits of quantitation of a few femtomoles on column. Hundreds of lipid molecular species were detected and quantified in three different biological matrices, which cover well the wide variety and complexity of various model organisms in lipidomic research. Together with a software package, this method is a prime choice for global lipidomic analysis of even the most complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Triebl
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Nielsen IØ, Maeda K, Bilgin M. Global Monitoring of the Mammalian Lipidome by Quantitative Shotgun Lipidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1609:123-139. [PMID: 28660579 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6996-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of lipidomics presents the systems biology approach to identify and quantify the full lipid repertoire of cells, tissues, and organisms. The importance of the lipidome is demonstrated by a number of biological studies on dysregulation of lipid metabolism in human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Exploring changes and regulations in the huge networks of lipids and their metabolic pathways requires a lipidomics methodology: Advanced mass spectrometry that resolves the complexity of the lipidome. Here, we report a comprehensive protocol of quantitative shotgun lipidomics that enables identification and quantification of hundreds of molecular lipid species, covering a wide range of lipid classes, extracted from cultured mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ødum Nielsen
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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Johannes L, Wunder C, Shafaq-Zadah M. Glycolipids and Lectins in Endocytic Uptake Processes. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:S0022-2836(16)30453-3. [PMID: 27984039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A host of endocytic processes has been described at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Their categorization has most commonly referenced cytosolic machinery, of which the clathrin coat has occupied a preponderant position. In what concerns intra-membrane constituents, the focus of interest has been on phosphatidylinositol lipids and their capacity to orchestrate endocytic events on the cytosolic leaflet of the membrane. The contribution of extracellular determinants to the construction of endocytic pits has received much less attention, depite the fact that (glyco)sphingolipids are exoplasmic leaflet fabric of membrane domains, termed rafts, whose contributions to predominantly clathrin-independent internalization processes is well recognized. Furthermore, sugar modifications on extracellular domains of proteins, and sugar-binding proteins, termed lectins, have also been linked to the uptake of endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane. In this review, we first summarize these contributions by extracellular determinants to the endocytic process. We thus propose a molecular hypothesis - termed the GL-Lect hypothesis - on how GlycoLipids and Lectins drive the formation of compositional nanoenvrionments from which the endocytic uptake of glycosylated cargo proteins is operated via clathrin-independent carriers. Finally, we position this hypothesis within the global context of endocytic pathway proposals that have emerged in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Zhdanov R, Schirmer E, Venkatasubramani AV, Kerr A, Mandrou E, Rodriguez Blanco G, Kagansky A. Lipids contribute to epigenetic control via chromatin structure and functions. SCIENCEOPEN RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-life.auxytr.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Isolated cases of experimental evidence over the last few decades have shown that, where specifically tested, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have specific lipid species bound to nucleoproteins of the genome. In vitro, some of these lipid species exhibit stoichiometric association with DNA polynucleotides with differential affinities toward certain secondary and tertiary structures. Hydrophobic interactions with inner nuclear membrane could provide attractive anchor points for lipid-modified nucleoproteins in organizing the dynamic genome and accordingly there are precedents for covalent bonds between lipids and core histones and, under certain conditions, even DNA. Advances in biophysics, functional genomics, and proteomics in recent years brought about the first sparks of light that promises to uncover some coherent new level of the epigenetic code governed by certain types of lipid–lipid, DNA–lipid, and DNA-protein–lipid interactions among other biochemical lipid transactions in the nucleus. Here, we review some of the older and more recent findings and speculate on how critical nuclear lipid transactions are for individual cells, tissues, and organisms.
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Callens N, Brügger B, Bonnafous P, Drobecq H, Gerl MJ, Krey T, Roman-Sosa G, Rümenapf T, Lambert O, Dubuisson J, Rouillé Y. Morphology and Molecular Composition of Purified Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Envelope. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005476. [PMID: 26939061 PMCID: PMC4777508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Flaviviridae includes viruses that have different virion structures and morphogenesis mechanisms. Most cellular and molecular studies have been so far performed with viruses of the Hepacivirus and Flavivirus genera. Here, we studied bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genus. We set up a method to purify BVDV virions and analyzed their morphology by electron microscopy and their protein and lipid composition by mass spectrometry. Cryo-electron microscopy showed near spherical viral particles displaying an electron-dense capsid surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer with no visible spikes. Most particles had a diameter of 50 nm and about 2% were larger with a diameter of up to 65 nm, suggesting some size flexibility during BVDV morphogenesis. Morphological and biochemical data suggested a low envelope glycoprotein content of BVDV particles, E1 and E2 being apparently less abundant than Erns. Lipid content of BVDV particles displayed a ~2.3 to 3.5-fold enrichment in cholesterol, sphingomyelin and hexosyl-ceramide, concomitant with a 1.5 to 5-fold reduction of all glycerophospholipid classes, as compared to lipid content of MDBK cells. Although BVDV buds in the endoplasmic reticulum, its lipid content differs from a typical endoplasmic reticulum membrane composition. This suggests that BVDV morphogenesis includes a mechanism of lipid sorting. Functional analyses confirmed the importance of cholesterol and sphingomyelin for BVDV entry. Surprisingly, despite a high cholesterol and sphingolipid content of BVDV envelope, E2 was not found in detergent-resistant membranes. Our results indicate that there are differences between the structure and molecular composition of viral particles of Flaviviruses, Pestiviruses and Hepaciviruses within the Flaviviridae family. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the etiologic agent of mucosal disease and bovine viral diarrhea, two economically important diseases of the livestock. BVDV is a member of the Pestivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, which also includes Hepacivirus and Flavivirus genera. Members of this family share similar genome organization and replication strategies, but differ about their mode of transmission and particle structure. Whereas most studies have been so far performed on viruses of the Hepacivirus and Flavivirus genera, little is known about infectious particles of pestiviruses. In this study, we set up a novel purification method of BVDV infectious particles and analyzed their morphology by cryo-electron microscopy and their molecular composition by mass spectrometry. Our results provide new insights into the structure and biochemical composition of a pestivirus infectious particle, and have implications for research on molecular mechanisms of their morphogenesis and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Callens
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Bonnafous
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR-5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Mathias J Gerl
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Gleyder Roman-Sosa
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Lambert
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR-5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Jackman JA, Linardy E, Yoo D, Seo J, Ng WB, Klemme DJ, Wittenberg NJ, Oh SH, Cho NJ. Plasmonic Nanohole Sensor for Capturing Single Virus-Like Particles toward Virucidal Drug Evaluation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1159-66. [PMID: 26450658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic nanohole sensor for virus-like particle capture and virucidal drug evaluation is reported. Using a materials-selective surface functionalization scheme, passive immobilization of virus-like particles only within the nanoholes is achieved. The findings demonstrate that a low surface coverage of particles only inside the functionalized nanoholes significantly improves nanoplasmonic sensing performance over conventional nanohole arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Eric Linardy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeongeun Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Wei Beng Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Klemme
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nathan J Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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Brgles M, Bonta M, Šantak M, Jagušić M, Forčić D, Halassy B, Allmaier G, Marchetti-Deschmann M. Identification of mumps virus protein and lipid composition by mass spectrometry. Virol J 2016; 13:9. [PMID: 26768080 PMCID: PMC4712546 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mumps virus is a negative-sense, single stranded RNA virus consisting of a ribonucleocapsid core enveloped by a lipid membrane derived from host cell, which causes mumps disease preventable by vaccination. Since virus lipid envelope and glycosylation pattern are not encoded by the virus but dependent on the host cell at least to some extent, the aim of this work was to analyse L-Zagreb (L-Zg) mumps virus lipids and proteins derived from two cell types; Vero and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Jeryl Lynn 5 (JL5) mumps strain lipids were also analysed. Methods Virus lipids were isolated by organic phase extraction and subjected to 2D-high performance thin layer chromatography followed by lipid extraction and identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). Virus samples were also subjected to gel electrophoresis under denaturating conditions and protein bands were excised, in-gel trypsinized and identified by MS as well as tandem MS. Results Results showed that lipids of both mumps virus strains derived from Vero cells contained complex glycolipids with up to five monosaccharide units whereas the lipid pattern of mumps virus derived from CEF was less complex. Mumps virus was found to contain expected structural proteins with exception of fusion (F) protein which was not detected but on the other hand, V protein was detected. Most interesting finding related to the mumps proteins is the detection of several forms of nucleoprotein (NP), some of which appear to be C-terminally truncated. Conclusions Differences found in lipid and protein content of mumps virus demonstrated the importance of detailed biochemical characterization of mumps virus and the methodology described here could provide a means for a more comprehensive quality control in vaccine production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0463-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maximilian Bonta
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maja Šantak
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Jagušić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dubravko Forčić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Quantitative Profiling of Long-Chain Bases by Mass Tagging and Parallel Reaction Monitoring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144817. [PMID: 26660097 PMCID: PMC4684364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain bases (LCBs) are both intermediates in sphingolipid metabolism and potent signaling molecules that control cellular processes. To understand how regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and levels of individual LCB species impinge upon physiological and pathophysiological processes requires sensitive and specific assays for monitoring these molecules. Here we describe a shotgun lipidomics method for quantitative profiling of LCB molecules. The method employs a "mass-tag" strategy where LCBs are chemically derivatized with deuterated methyliodide (CD3I) to produce trimethylated derivatives having a positively charged quaternary amine group. This chemical derivatization minimizes unwanted in-source fragmentation of LCB analytes and prompts a characteristic trimethylaminium fragment ion that enables sensitive and quantitative profiling of LCB molecules by parallel reaction monitoring on a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Notably, the strategy provides, for the first time, a routine for monitoring endogenous 3-ketosphinganine molecules and distinguishing them from more abundant isomeric sphingosine molecules. To demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology we report an in-depth characterization of the LCB composition of yeast mutants with defective sphingolipid metabolism and the absolute levels of LCBs in mammalian cells. The strategy is generic, applicable to other types of mass spectrometers and can readily be applied as an additional routine in workflows for global lipidome quantification and for functional studies of sphingolipid metabolism.
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Ding Z, Zajac JM. Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are involved in neuropeptide FF anti-nociceptin/orphanin FQ effect. J Neurochem 2015; 136:778-790. [PMID: 26617404 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The participation of a signaling platform to the anti-nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) effect of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors was investigated in both acutely dissociated neurons and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The NPFF anti-N/OFQ, not anti-μ opioid effect, on the Ca2+ transient triggered by depolarization was reversed by methyl-β-cyclodextrin which depletes cholesterol from cell membranes. While the inactive α-cyclodextrin had no effect. By using [35 S]GTPγS binding assay, a significant 20% decrease in the activity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptors induced by the NPFF analog 1DMe was observed in detergent-resistant membranes, but not in total membranes of SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, siRNA knock-down of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 indicated that G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, but not protein kinase C, acted as the mediator in the NPFF anti-N/OFQ process. These data indicate that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the anti-N/OFQ effect of NPFF receptors. We proposed the participation of a signaling platform to the anti-Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) effect of Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors both in mouse neurons and SH-SY5Y cells, with GRK2 protein acting as the mediator in this process. These findings should provide a more precise way to understand the anti-opioid effect of NPFF. NOP, Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ding
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS / Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Zajac
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS / Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
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Zhdanov R, Schirmer E, Venkatasubramani AV, Kerr A, Mandrou E, Rodriguez Blanco G, Kagansky A. Lipids contribute to epigenetic control via chromatin structure and functions. SCIENCEOPEN RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-life.auxytr.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Isolated cases of experimental evidence over the last few decades have shown that, where specifically tested, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have specific lipid molecules bound to nucleoproteins of the genome. In vitro, some of these lipids exhibit stoichiometric association with DNA polynucleotides with differential affinities toward certain secondary and tertiary structures. Hydrophobic interactions with inner nuclear membrane could provide attractive anchor points for lipid-modified nucleoproteins in organizing the dynamic genome and accordingly there are precedents for covalent bonds between lipids and core histones and, under certain conditions, even DNA. Advances in biophysics, functional genomics, and proteomics in recent years brought about the first sparks of light that promises to uncover some coherent new level of the epigenetic code governed by certain types of lipid–lipid, DNA–lipid, and protein–lipid interactions among other biochemical lipid transactions in the nucleus. Here, we review some of the older and more recent findings and speculate on how critical nuclear lipid transactions are for individual cells, tissues, and organisms.
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Tlaxca JL, Ellis S, Remmele RL. Live attenuated and inactivated viral vaccine formulation and nasal delivery: potential and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:56-78. [PMID: 25312673 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are cost-effective for the prevention of infectious diseases and have significantly reduced mortality and morbidity. Novel approaches are needed to develop safe and effective vaccines against disease. Major challenges in vaccine development include stability in a suitable dosage form and effective modes of delivery. Many live attenuated vaccines are capable of eliciting both humoral and cell mediated immune responses if physicochemically stable in an appropriate delivery vehicle. Knowing primary stresses that impart instability provides a general rationale for formulation development and mode of delivery. Since most pathogens enter the body through the mucosal route, live-attenuated vaccines have the advantage of mimicking natural immunization via non-invasive delivery. This presentation will examine aspects of formulation design, types of robust dosage forms to consider, effective routes of delivery (invasive and noninvasive), and distinctions between live attenuated or inactivated vaccines.
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus causing millions of infections in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. CHIKV infection often leads to an acute self-limited febrile illness with debilitating myalgia and arthralgia. A potential long-term complication of CHIKV infection is severe joint pain, which can last for months to years. There are no vaccines or specific therapeutics available to prevent or treat infection. This review describes the critical steps in CHIKV cell entry. We summarize the latest studies on the virus-cell tropism, virus-receptor binding, internalization, membrane fusion and review the molecules and compounds that have been described to interfere with virus cell entry. The aim of the review is to give the reader a state-of-the-art overview on CHIKV cell entry and to provide an outlook on potential new avenues in CHIKV research.
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Reddy T. Building a complete model of the outer envelope of an influenza A virion: how can this take us forward? Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hastie E, Cataldi M, Steuerwald N, Grdzelishvili VZ. An unexpected inhibition of antiviral signaling by virus-encoded tumor suppressor p53 in pancreatic cancer cells. Virology 2015; 483:126-40. [PMID: 25965802 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Virus-encoded tumor suppressor p53 transgene expression has been successfully used in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and other oncolytic viruses (OVs) to enhance their anticancer activities. However, p53 is also known to inhibit virus replication via enhanced type I interferon (IFN) antiviral responses. To examine whether p53 transgenes enhance antiviral signaling in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we engineered novel VSV recombinants encoding human p53 or the previously described chimeric p53-CC, which contains the coiled-coil (CC) domain from breakpoint cluster region (BCR) protein and evades the dominant-negative activities of endogenously expressed mutant p53. Contrary to an expected enhancement of antiviral signaling by p53, our global analysis of gene expression in PDAC cells showed that both p53 and p53-CC dramatically inhibited type I IFN responses. Our data suggest that this occurs through p53-mediated inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, VSV-encoded p53 or p53-CC did not inhibit antiviral signaling in non-malignant human pancreatic ductal cells, which retained their resistance to all tested VSV recombinants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of p53-mediated inhibition of antiviral signaling, and it suggests that OV-encoded p53 can simultaneously produce anticancer activities while assisting, rather than inhibiting, virus replication in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hastie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marcela Cataldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nury Steuerwald
- Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Valery Z Grdzelishvili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Oliva R, Del Vecchio P, Stellato MI, D'Ursi AM, D'Errico G, Paduano L, Petraccone L. A thermodynamic signature of lipid segregation in biomembranes induced by a short peptide derived from glycoprotein gp36 of feline immunodeficiency virus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:510-7. [PMID: 25450811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between proteins/peptides and lipid bilayers are fundamental in a variety of key biological processes, and among these, the membrane fusion process operated by viral glycoproteins is one of the most important, being a fundamental step of the infectious event. In the case of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a small region of the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the glycoprotein gp36 has been demonstrated to be necessary for the infection to occur, being able to destabilize the membranes to be fused. In this study, we report a physicochemical characterization of the interaction process between an eight-residue peptide, named C8, modeled on that gp36 region and some biological membrane models (liposomes) by using calorimetric and spectroscopic measurements. CD studies have shown that the peptide conformation changes upon binding to the liposomes. Interestingly, the peptide folds from a disordered structure (in the absence of liposomes) to a more ordered structure with a low but significant helix content. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that C8 binds with high affinity the lipid bilayers and induces a significant perturbation/reorganization of the lipid membrane structure. The type and the extent of such membrane reorganization depend on the membrane composition. These findings provide interesting insights into the role of this short peptide fragment in the mechanism of virus-cell fusion, demonstrating its ability to induce lipid segregation in biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria D'Ursi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Filipe HAL, Salvador A, Silvestre JM, Vaz WLC, Moreno MJ. Beyond Overton’s Rule: Quantitative Modeling of Passive Permeation through Tight Cell Monolayers. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3696-706. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. L. Filipe
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro
de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Salvador
- Centro
de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry
Department, FCTUC, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. M. Silvestre
- Centro
de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. L. C. Vaz
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry
Department, FCTUC, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. J. Moreno
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro
de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry
Department, FCTUC, Largo D. Dinis, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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The composition of West Nile virus lipid envelope unveils a role of sphingolipid metabolism in flavivirus biogenesis. J Virol 2014; 88:12041-54. [PMID: 25122799 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02061-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for outbreaks of febrile illness and meningoencephalitis. The replication of WNV takes place on virus-modified membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell, and virions acquire their envelope by budding into this organelle. Consistent with this view, the cellular biology of this pathogen is intimately linked to modifications of the intracellular membranes, and the requirement for specific lipids, such as cholesterol and fatty acids, has been documented. In this study, we evaluated the impact of WNV infection on two important components of cellular membranes, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, by mass spectrometry of infected cells. A significant increase in the content of several glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, plasmalogens, and lysophospholipids) and sphingolipids (ceramide, dihydroceramide, and sphingomyelin) was noticed in WNV-infected cells, suggesting that these lipids have functional roles during WNV infection. Furthermore, the analysis of the lipid envelope of WNV virions and recombinant virus-like particles revealed that their envelopes had a unique composition. The envelopes were enriched in sphingolipids (sphingomyelin) and showed reduced levels of phosphatidylcholine, similar to sphingolipid-enriched lipid microdomains. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase (which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide) by either pharmacological approaches or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing reduced the release of flavivirus virions as well as virus-like particles, suggesting a role of sphingomyelin-to-ceramide conversion in flavivirus budding and confirming the importance of sphingolipids in the biogenesis of WNV. Importance: West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus spread by mosquitoes that can infect multiple vertebrate hosts, including humans. There is no specific vaccine or therapy against this pathogen licensed for human use. Since the multiplication of this virus is associated with rearrangements of host cell membranes, we analyzed the effect of WNV infection on different cellular lipids that constitute important membrane components. The levels of multiple lipid species were increased in infected cells, pointing to the induction of major alterations of cellular lipid metabolism by WNV infection. Interestingly, certain sphingolipids, which were increased in infected cells, were also enriched in the lipid envelope of the virus, thus suggesting a potential role during virus assembly. We further verified the role of sphingolipids in the production of WNV by means of functional analyses. This study provides new insight into the formation of flavivirus infectious particles and the involvement of sphingolipids in the WNV life cycle.
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Moerdyk-Schauwecker M, Hwang SI, Grdzelishvili VZ. Cellular proteins associated with the interior and exterior of vesicular stomatitis virus virions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104688. [PMID: 25105980 PMCID: PMC4126742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus particles (virions) often contain not only virus-encoded but also host-encoded proteins. Some of these host proteins are enclosed within the virion structure, while others, in the case of enveloped viruses, are embedded in the host-derived membrane. While many of these host protein incorporations are likely accidental, some may play a role in virus infectivity, replication and/or immunoreactivity in the next host. Host protein incorporations may be especially important in therapeutic applications where large numbers of virus particles are administered. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototypic rhabdovirus and a candidate vaccine, gene therapy and oncolytic vector. Using mass spectrometry, we previously examined cell type dependent host protein content of VSV virions using intact (“whole”) virions purified from three cell lines originating from different species. Here we aimed to determine the localization of host proteins within the VSV virions by analyzing: i) whole VSV virions; and ii) whole VSV virions treated with Proteinase K to remove all proteins outside the viral envelope. A total of 257 proteins were identified, with 181 identified in whole virions and 183 identified in Proteinase K treated virions. Most of these proteins have not been previously shown to be associated with VSV. Functional enrichment analysis indicated the most overrepresented categories were proteins associated with vesicles, vesicle-mediated transport and protein localization. Using western blotting, the presence of several host proteins, including some not previously shown in association with VSV (such as Yes1, Prl1 and Ddx3y), was confirmed and their relative quantities in various virion fractions determined. Our study provides a valuable inventory of virion-associated host proteins for further investigation of their roles in the replication cycle, pathogenesis and immunoreactivity of VSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Moerdyk-Schauwecker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sun-Il Hwang
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Valery Z. Grdzelishvili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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