1
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Ng TW, Furuyama W, Wirchnianski AS, Saavedra-Ávila NA, Johndrow CT, Chandran K, Jacobs WR, Marzi A, Porcelli SA. A viral vaccine design harnessing prior BCG immunization confers protection against Ebola virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1429909. [PMID: 39081315 PMCID: PMC11286471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of an anti-viral vaccine strategy that takes advantage of pre-existing CD4+ helper T (Th) cells induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This strategy uses immunization with recombinant fusion proteins comprised of a cell surface expressed viral antigen, such as a viral envelope glycoprotein, engineered to contain well-defined BCG Th cell epitopes, thus rapidly recruiting Th cells induced by prior BCG vaccination to provide intrastructural help to virus-specific B cells. In the current study, we show that Th cells induced by BCG were localized predominantly outside of germinal centers and promoted antibody class switching to isotypes characterized by strong Fc receptor interactions and effector functions. Furthermore, BCG vaccination also upregulated FcγR expression to potentially maximize antibody-dependent effector activities. Using a mouse model of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, this vaccine strategy provided sustained antibody levels with strong IgG2c bias and protection against lethal challenge. This general approach can be easily adapted to other viruses, and may be a rapid and effective method of immunization against emerging pandemics in populations that routinely receive BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Noemí A. Saavedra-Ávila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christopher T. Johndrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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2
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Symmonds J, Gaufin T, Xu C, Raehtz KD, Ribeiro RM, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Making a Monkey out of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Immune Cell Depletion Experiments as a Tool to Understand the Immune Correlates of Protection and Pathogenicity in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:972. [PMID: 38932264 PMCID: PMC11209256 DOI: 10.3390/v16060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis is critical for designing successful HIV vaccines and cure strategies. However, achieving this goal is complicated by the virus's direct interactions with immune cells, the induction of persistent reservoirs in the immune system cells, and multiple strategies developed by the virus for immune evasion. Meanwhile, HIV and SIV infections induce a pandysfunction of the immune cell populations, making it difficult to untangle the various concurrent mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. Over the years, one of the most successful approaches for dissecting the immune correlates of protection in HIV/SIV infection has been the in vivo depletion of various immune cell populations and assessment of the impact of these depletions on the outcome of infection in non-human primate models. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the strategies and results of manipulating SIV pathogenesis through in vivo depletions of key immune cells populations. Although each of these methods has its limitations, they have all contributed to our understanding of key pathogenic pathways in HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Symmonds
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thaidra Gaufin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kevin D. Raehtz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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3
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Ng TW, Furuyama W, Wirchnianski AS, Saavedra-Ávila NA, Johndrow CT, Chandran K, Jacobs WR, Marzi A, Porcelli SA. A viral vaccine design harnessing prior BCG immunization confers protection against Ebola virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.595735. [PMID: 38853867 PMCID: PMC11160617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.595735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of an anti-viral vaccine strategy that takes advantage of pre-existing CD4 + helper T (Th) cells induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This strategy uses immunization with recombinant fusion proteins comprised of a cell surface expressed viral antigen, such as a viral envelope glycoprotein, engineered to contain well-defined BCG Th cell epitopes, thus rapidly recruiting Th cells induced by prior BCG vaccination to provide intrastructural help to virus-specific B cells. In the current study, we show that Th cells induced by BCG were localized predominantly outside of germinal centers and promoted antibody class switching to isotypes characterized by strong Fc receptor interactions and effector functions. Furthermore, BCG vaccination also upregulated FcγR expression to potentially maximize antibody-dependent effector activities. Using a mouse model of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, this vaccine strategy provided sustained antibody levels with strong IgG2c bias and protection against lethal challenge. This general approach can be easily adapted to other viruses, and may be a rapid and effective method of immunization against emerging pandemics in populations that routinely receive BCG vaccination.
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4
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Jain S, Uritskiy G, Mahalingam M, Batra H, Chand S, Trinh HV, Beck C, Shin WH, Alsalmi W, Kijak G, Eller LA, Kim J, Kihara D, Tovanabutra S, Ferrari G, Robb ML, Rao M, Rao VB. A remarkable genetic shift in a transmitted/founder virus broadens antibody responses against HIV-1. eLife 2024; 13:RP92379. [PMID: 38619110 PMCID: PMC11018346 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A productive HIV-1 infection in humans is often established by transmission and propagation of a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, which then evolves into a complex mixture of variants during the lifetime of infection. An effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit broad immune responses in order to block the entry of diverse T/F viruses. Currently, no such vaccine exists. An in-depth study of escape variants emerging under host immune pressure during very early stages of infection might provide insights into such a HIV-1 vaccine design. Here, in a rare longitudinal study involving HIV-1 infected individuals just days after infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, we discovered a remarkable genetic shift that resulted in near complete disappearance of the original T/F virus and appearance of a variant with H173Y mutation in the variable V2 domain of the HIV-1 envelope protein. This coincided with the disappearance of the first wave of strictly H173-specific antibodies and emergence of a second wave of Y173-specific antibodies with increased breadth. Structural analyses indicated conformational dynamism of the envelope protein which likely allowed selection of escape variants with a conformational switch in the V2 domain from an α-helix (H173) to a β-strand (Y173) and induction of broadly reactive antibody responses. This differential breadth due to a single mutational change was also recapitulated in a mouse model. Rationally designed combinatorial libraries containing 54 conformational variants of V2 domain around position 173 further demonstrated increased breadth of antibody responses elicited to diverse HIV-1 envelope proteins. These results offer new insights into designing broadly effective HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jain
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Gherman Uritskiy
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Marthandan Mahalingam
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Subhash Chand
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Hung V Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Charles Beck
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Woong-Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Chemistry Education, Sunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Wadad Alsalmi
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Gustavo Kijak
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Leigh A Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jerome Kim
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
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5
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Benlarbi M, Richard J, Bourassa C, Tolbert WD, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Gendron-Lepage G, Sylla M, El-Far M, Messier-Peet M, Guertin C, Turcotte I, Fromentin R, Verly MM, Prévost J, Clark A, Mothes W, Kaufmann DE, Maldarelli F, Chomont N, Bégin P, Tremblay C, Baril JG, Trottier B, Trottier S, Duerr R, Pazgier M, Durand M, Finzi A. Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Soluble Glycoprotein 120 Association With Correlates of Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Individuals With Undetectable Viremia. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:763-774. [PMID: 38035854 PMCID: PMC10938206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation persists in some people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during antiretroviral therapy and is associated with premature aging. The glycoprotein 120 (gp120) subunit of HIV-1 envelope sheds and can be detected in plasma, showing immunomodulatory properties even in the absence of detectable viremia. We evaluated whether plasma soluble gp120 (sgp120) and a family of gp120-specific anti-cluster A antibodies, linked to CD4 depletion in vitro, contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in participants of the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study with undetectable viremia. METHODS Cross-sectional assessment of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies was performed in 386 individuals from the cohort. Their association with proinflammatory cytokines and subclinical coronary artery disease was assessed using linear regression models. RESULTS High levels of sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies were inversely correlated with CD4+ T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio. The presence of sgp120 was associated with increased levels of interleukin 6. In participants with detectable atherosclerotic plaque and detectable sgp120, anti-cluster A antibodies and their combination with sgp120 levels correlated positively with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that sgp120 may act as a pan toxin causing immune dysfunction and sustained inflammation in a subset of people living with HIV, contributing to the development of premature comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Camille Guertin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Clark
- ViiV Healthcare, Global Medical Affairs, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Baril
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Vaccine Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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7
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Bjorgen JC, Dick JK, Cromarty R, Hart GT, Rhein J. NK cell subsets and dysfunction during viral infection: a new avenue for therapeutics? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267774. [PMID: 37928543 PMCID: PMC10620977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the setting of viral challenge, natural killer (NK) cells play an important role as an early immune responder against infection. During this response, significant changes in the NK cell population occur, particularly in terms of their frequency, location, and subtype prevalence. In this review, changes in the NK cell repertoire associated with several pathogenic viral infections are summarized, with a particular focus placed on changes that contribute to NK cell dysregulation in these settings. This dysregulation, in turn, can contribute to host pathology either by causing NK cells to be hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive. Hyperresponsive NK cells mediate significant host cell death and contribute to generating a hyperinflammatory environment. Hyporesponsive NK cell populations shift toward exhaustion and often fail to limit viral pathogenesis, possibly enabling viral persistence. Several emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing NK cell dysregulation have arisen in the last three decades in the setting of cancer and may prove to hold promise in treating viral diseases. However, the application of such therapeutics to treat viral infections remains critically underexplored. This review briefly explores several therapeutic approaches, including the administration of TGF-β inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive NK cell therapies, CAR NK cells, and NK cell engagers among other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Bjorgen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jenna K. Dick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ross Cromarty
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Geoffrey T. Hart
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joshua Rhein
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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8
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Marchitto L, Benlarbi M, Prévost J, Laumaea A, Descôteaux-Dinelle J, Medjahed H, Bourassa C, Gendron-Lepage G, Kirchhoff F, Sauter D, Hahn BH, Finzi A, Richard J. Impact of HIV-1 Vpu-mediated downregulation of CD48 on NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. mBio 2023; 14:e0078923. [PMID: 37404017 PMCID: PMC10470595 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 evades antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses not only by controlling Env conformation and quantity at the cell surface but also by altering NK cell activation via the downmodulation of several ligands of activating and co-activating NK cell receptors. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, which includes NTB-A and 2B4, act as co-activating receptors to sustain NK cell activation and cytotoxic responses. These receptors cooperate with CD16 (FcγRIII) and other activating receptors to trigger NK cell effector functions. In that context, Vpu-mediated downregulation of NTB-A on HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells was shown to prevent NK cell degranulation via an homophilic interaction, thus contributing to ADCC evasion. However, less is known on the capacity of HIV-1 to evade 2B4-mediated NK cell activation and ADCC. Here, we show that HIV-1 downregulates the ligand of 2B4, CD48, from the surface of infected cells in a Vpu-dependent manner. This activity is conserved among Vpu proteins from the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage and depends on conserved residues located in its transmembrane domain and dual phosphoserine motif. We show that NTB-A and 2B4 stimulate CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and contribute to ADCC responses directed to HIV-1-infected cells to the same extent. Our results suggest that HIV-1 has evolved to downmodulate the ligands of both SLAM receptors to evade ADCC. IMPORTANCE Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) can contribute to the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells and HIV-1 reservoirs. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms used by HIV-1 to evade ADCC might help develop novel approaches to reduce the viral reservoirs. Members of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, such as NTB-A and 2B4, play a key role in stimulating NK cell effector functions, including ADCC. Here, we show that Vpu downmodulates CD48, the ligand of 2B4, and this contributes to protect HIV-1-infected cells from ADCC. Our results highlight the importance of the virus to prevent the triggering of the SLAM receptors to evade ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benlarbi M, Richard J, Bourassa C, Tolbert WD, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Gendron-Lepage G, Sylla M, El-Far M, Messier-Peet M, Guertin C, Turcotte I, Fromentin R, Verly MM, Prévost J, Clark A, Mothes W, Kaufmann DE, Maldarelli F, Chomont N, Bégin P, Tremblay C, Baril JG, Trottier B, Trottier S, Duerr R, Pazgier M, Durand M, Finzi A. Plasmatic HIV-1 soluble gp120 is associated with immune dysfunction and inflammation in ART-treated individuals with undetectable viremia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.15.23294128. [PMID: 37645879 PMCID: PMC10462214 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.23294128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation persists in some people living with HIV (PLWH), even during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is associated with premature aging. The gp120 subunit of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein can shed from viral and cellular membranes and can be detected in plasma and tissues, showing immunomodulatory properties even in the absence of detectable viremia. We evaluated whether plasmatic soluble gp120 (sgp120) and a family of gp120-specific anti-cluster A antibodies, which were previously linked to CD4 depletion in vitro , could contribute to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and sub-clinical cardiovascular disease in participants of the Canadian HIV and Aging cohort (CHACS) with undetectable viremia. Methods Cross-sectional assessment of plasmatic sgp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies was performed in 386 individuals from CHACS. Their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as subclinical coronary artery disease measured by computed tomography coronary angiography was assessed using linear regression models. Results In individuals with high levels of sgp120, anti-cluster A antibodies inversely correlated with CD4 count (p=0.042) and CD4:CD8 ratio (p=0.004). The presence of sgp120 was associated with increased plasma levels of IL-6. In participants with detectable atherosclerotic plaque and detectable sgp120, sgp120 levels, anti-cluster A antibodies and their combination correlated positively with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques (p=0.01, 0.018 and 0.006, respectively). Conclusion Soluble gp120 may act as a pan toxin causing immune dysfunction and sustained inflammation in a subset of PLWH, contributing to the development of premature comorbidities. Whether drugs targeting sgp120 could mitigate HIV-associated comorbidities in PLWH with suppressed viremia warrants further studies. Key points Soluble gp120 is detected in the plasma of people living with HIV-1 with undetectable viremia. The presence of soluble gp120 and anti-cluster A antibodies is associated with immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and sub-clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Yaffe ZA, Ding S, Sung K, Chohan V, Marchitto L, Doepker L, Ralph D, Nduati R, Matsen FA, Finzi A, Overbaugh J. Reconstruction of a polyclonal ADCC antibody repertoire from an HIV-1 non-transmitting mother. iScience 2023; 26:106762. [PMID: 37216090 PMCID: PMC10196594 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural history and vaccine studies support a protective role of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against many infectious diseases. One setting where this has consistently been observed is in HIV-1 vertical transmission, where passively acquired ADCC activity in HIV-exposed infants has correlated with reduced acquisition risk and reduced pathogenesis in HIV+ infants. However, the characteristics of HIV-specific antibodies comprising a maternal plasma ADCC response are not well understood. Here, we reconstructed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from memory B cells from late pregnancy in mother MG540, who did not transmit HIV to her infant despite several high-risk factors. Twenty mAbs representing 14 clonal families were reconstructed, which mediated ADCC and recognized multiple HIV Envelope epitopes. In experiments using Fc-defective variants, only combinations of several mAbs accounted for the majority of plasma ADCC of MG540 and her infant. We present these mAbs as evidence of a polyclonal repertoire with potent HIV-directed ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak A. Yaffe
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Kevin Sung
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vrasha Chohan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Laura Doepker
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Duncan Ralph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frederick A. Matsen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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11
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Grunst MW, Ladd RA, Clark NM, Gil HM, Klenchin VA, Mason R, Franchini G, Roederer M, Evans DT. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, infected cell binding and neutralization by antibodies to the SIV envelope glycoprotein. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011407. [PMID: 37253062 PMCID: PMC10256149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for diverse epitopes of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (SIV Env) have been isolated from rhesus macaques to provide physiologically relevant reagents for investigating antibody-mediated protection in this species as a nonhuman primate model for HIV/AIDS. With increasing interest in the contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions to protective immunity, we selected thirty antibodies representing different classes of SIV Env epitopes for a comparison of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), binding to Env on the surface of infected cells and neutralization of viral infectivity. These activities were measured against cells infected with neutralization-sensitive (SIVmac316 and SIVsmE660-FL14) and neutralization-resistant (SIVmac239 and SIVsmE543-3) viruses representing genetically distinct isolates. Antibodies to the CD4-binding site and CD4-inducible epitopes were identified with especially potent ADCC against all four viruses. ADCC correlated well with antibody binding to virus-infected cells. ADCC also correlated with neutralization. However, several instances of ADCC without detectable neutralization or neutralization without detectable ADCC were observed. The incomplete correspondence between ADCC and neutralization shows that some antibody-Env interactions can uncouple these antiviral activities. Nevertheless, the overall correlation between neutralization and ADCC implies that most antibodies that are capable of binding to Env on the surface of virions to block infectivity are also capable of binding to Env on the surface of virus-infected cells to direct their elimination by ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ruby A. Ladd
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Natasha M. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hwi Min Gil
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Vadim A. Klenchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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12
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Williams LD, Shen X, Sawant SS, Akapirat S, Dahora LC, Tay MZ, Stanfield-Oakley S, Wills S, Goodman D, Tenney D, Spreng RL, Zhang L, Yates NL, Montefiori DC, Eller MA, Easterhoff D, Hope TJ, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pittisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Excler JL, Kim JH, Michael NL, Robb ML, O’Connell RJ, Karasavvas N, Vasan S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD. Viral vector delivered immunogen focuses HIV-1 antibody specificity and increases durability of the circulating antibody recall response. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011359. [PMID: 37256916 PMCID: PMC10284421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The modestly efficacious HIV-1 vaccine regimen (RV144) conferred 31% vaccine efficacy at 3 years following the four-shot immunization series, coupled with rapid waning of putative immune correlates of decreased infection risk. New strategies to increase magnitude and durability of protective immunity are critically needed. The RV305 HIV-1 clinical trial evaluated the immunological impact of a follow-up boost of HIV-1-uninfected RV144 recipients after 6-8 years with RV144 immunogens (ALVAC-HIV alone, AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, or ALVAC-HIV + AIDSVAX B/E gp120). Previous reports demonstrated that this regimen elicited higher binding, antibody Fc function, and cellular responses than the primary RV144 regimen. However, the impact of the canarypox viral vector in driving antibody specificity, breadth, durability and function is unknown. We performed a follow-up analysis of humoral responses elicited in RV305 to determine the impact of the different booster immunogens on HIV-1 epitope specificity, antibody subclass, isotype, and Fc effector functions. Importantly, we observed that the ALVAC vaccine component directly contributed to improved breadth, function, and durability of vaccine-elicited antibody responses. Extended boosts in RV305 increased circulating antibody concentration and coverage of heterologous HIV-1 strains by V1V2-specific antibodies above estimated protective levels observed in RV144. Antibody Fc effector functions, specifically antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, were boosted to higher levels than was achieved in RV144. V1V2 Env IgG3, a correlate of lower HIV-1 risk, was not increased; plasma Env IgA (specifically IgA1), a correlate of increased HIV-1 risk, was elevated. The quality of the circulating polyclonal antibody response changed with each booster immunization. Remarkably, the ALVAC-HIV booster immunogen induced antibody responses post-second boost, indicating that the viral vector immunogen can be utilized to selectively enhance immune correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk. These results reveal a complex dynamic of HIV-1 immunity post-vaccination that may require careful balancing to achieve protective immunity in the vaccinated population. Trial registration: RV305 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01435135). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00223080.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTonya D. Williams
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sheetal S. Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lindsay C. Dahora
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Saintedym Wills
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - DeAnna Tenney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Easterhoff
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Punnee Pittisuttithum
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert J. O’Connell
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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13
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Diethelm-Varela B, Soto JA, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. New Developments and Challenges in Antibody-Based Therapies for the Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2061-2074. [PMID: 37063935 PMCID: PMC10094422 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s379660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), multiple research efforts have been conducted to develop vaccines and treatments capable of reducing the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, long-term sequelae, and death from this pathogen in susceptible populations. In this sense, therapies specifically directed against hRSV are mainly based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies such as intravenous IgG (IVIG)-RSV and the monoclonal antibody palivizumab. However, these therapies are associated with significant limitations, including the need for the recruitment of a high number of convalescent volunteers who donate blood to procure IVIG-RSV and the costs associated with the need for repeated administrations of palivizumab. These limitations render this product not cost-effective for populations other than high-risk patients. These problems have underscored that it is still necessary to identify new safe and effective therapies for human use. However, these new therapies must benefit from a comparatively cheap production cost and the opportunity to be available to the high-risk population and anyone who requires treatment. Here, we review the different antibodies used to prevent the pathology caused by hRSV infection, highlighting therapies currently approved for human use and their clinical value. Also, the new, most promising candidates based on preclinical studies and clinical trial results are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Kuriakose Gift S, Wieczorek L, Sanders-Buell E, Zemil M, Molnar S, Donofrio G, Townsley S, Chenine AL, Bose M, Trinh HV, Barrows BM, Sriplienchan S, Kitsiripornchai S, Nitayapan S, Eller LA, Rao M, Ferrari G, Michael NL, Ake JA, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Tovanabutra S, Polonis VR. Evolution of Antibody Responses in HIV-1 CRF01_AE Acute Infection: Founder Envelope V1V2 Impacts the Timing and Magnitude of Autologous Neutralizing Antibodies. J Virol 2023; 97:e0163522. [PMID: 36749076 PMCID: PMC9973046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01635-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of early immune responses to HIV-1 infection, including the evolution of initial neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies, will inform HIV vaccine design. In this study, we assess the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies (ANAbs) against founder envelopes (Envs) from 18 participants with HIV-1 CRF01_AE acute infection. The timing of ANAb development directly associated with the magnitude of the longitudinal ANAb response. Participants that developed ANAbs within 6 months of infection had significantly higher ANAb responses at 1 year (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] geometric mean titer [GMT] = 2,010 versus 184; P = 0.001) and 2 years (GMT = 3,479 versus 340; P = 0.015), compared to participants that developed ANAb responses after 6 months. Participants with later development of ANAb tended to develop an earlier, potent heterologous tier 1 (92TH023) neutralizing antibody (NAb) response (P = 0.049). CRF01_AE founder Env V1V2 loop lengths correlated indirectly with the timing (P = 0.002, r = -0.675) and directly with magnitude (P = 0.005, r = 0.635) of ANAb responses; Envs with longer V1V2 loop lengths elicited earlier and more potent ANAb responses. While ANAb responses did not associate with viral load, the viral load set point correlated directly with neutralization of the heterologous 92TH023 strain (P = 0.007, r = 0.638). In contrast, a striking inverse correlation was observed between viral load set point and peak ADCC against heterologous 92TH023 Env strain (P = 0.0005, r = -0.738). These data indicate that specific antibody functions can be differentially related to viral load set point and may affect HIV-1 pathogenesis. Exploiting Env properties, such as V1V2 length, could facilitate development of subtype-specific vaccines that elicit more effective immune responses and improved protection. IMPORTANCE Development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine will be facilitated by better understanding the dynamics between the founder virus and the early humoral responses. Variations between subtypes may influence the evolution of immune responses and should be considered as we strive to understand these dynamics. In this study, autologous founder envelope neutralization and heterologous functional humoral responses were evaluated after acute infection by HIV-1 CRF01_AE, a subtype that has not been thoroughly characterized. The evolution of these humoral responses was assessed in relation to envelope characteristics, magnitude of elicited immune responses, and viral load. Understanding immune parameters in natural infection will improve our understanding of protective responses and aid in the development of immunogens that elicit protective functional antibodies. Advancing our knowledge of correlates of positive clinical outcomes should lead to the design of more efficacious vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syna Kuriakose Gift
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gina Donofrio
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Townsley
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnes L. Chenine
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meera Bose
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hung V. Trinh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittani M. Barrows
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Somchai Sriplienchan
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchai Kitsiripornchai
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorachai Nitayapan
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leigh-Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A. Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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15
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Abeynaike SA, Huynh TR, Mehmood A, Kim T, Frank K, Gao K, Zalfa C, Gandarilla A, Shultz L, Paust S. Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engrafted IL-15 Transgenic NSG Mice Support Robust NK Cell Responses and Sustained HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:365. [PMID: 36851579 PMCID: PMC9960100 DOI: 10.3390/v15020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice reconstituted with human immune systems are instrumental in the investigation of HIV-1 pathogenesis and therapeutics. Natural killer (NK) cells have long been recognized as a key mediator of innate anti-HIV responses. However, established humanized mouse models do not support robust human NK cell development from engrafted human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A major obstacle to human NK cell reconstitution is the lack of human interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling, as murine IL-15 is a poor stimulator of the human IL-15 receptor. Here, we demonstrate that immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice expressing a transgene encoding human IL-15 (NSG-Tg(IL-15)) have physiological levels of human IL-15 and support long-term engraftment of human NK cells when transplanted with human umbilical-cord-blood-derived HSCs. These Hu-NSG-Tg(IL-15) mice demonstrate robust and long-term reconstitution with human immune cells, but do not develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), allowing for long-term studies of human NK cells. Finally, we show that these HSC engrafted mice can sustain HIV-1 infection, resulting in human NK cell responses in HIV-infected mice. We conclude that Hu-NSG-Tg(IL-15) mice are a robust novel model to study NK cell responses to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Abeynaike
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tridu R. Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Scripps Clinic/Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abeera Mehmood
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Teha Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kayla Frank
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kefei Gao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristina Zalfa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angel Gandarilla
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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16
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Wan M, Yang X, Sun J, Ding X, Chen Z, Su W, Cai L, Hou A, Sun B, Gao F, Jiang C, Zhou Y. An Adenovirus-Based Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Therapeutic Vaccine Is Highly Protective against Acute and Recurrent HSV-2 Disease in a Guinea Pig Model. Viruses 2023; 15:219. [PMID: 36680259 PMCID: PMC9861952 DOI: 10.3390/v15010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes (GH) has become one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, and it is spreading rapidly in developing countries. Approximately 90% of GH cases are caused by HSV-2. Therapeutic HSV-2 vaccines are intended for people already infected with HSV-2 with the goal of reducing clinical recurrences and recurrent virus shedding. In our previous work, we evaluated recombinant adenovirus-based vaccines, including rAd-gD2ΔUL25, rAd-ΔUL25, and rAd-gD2, for their potency as prophylactic vaccines. In this study, we evaluated these three vaccines as therapeutic vaccines against acute and recurrent diseases in intravaginal challenged guinea pigs. Compared with the control groups, the recombinant vaccine rAd-gD2ΔUL25 induced a higher titer of the binding antibody, and rAd-gD2 + rAd-ΔUL25 induced a higher titer of the neutralizing antibody. Both rAd-gD2ΔUL25 and rAd-gD2 + rAd-ΔUL25 vaccines significantly enhanced the survival rate by 50% compared to rAd-gD2 and reduced viral replication in the genital tract and recurrent genital skin disease. Our findings provide a new perspective for HSV-2 therapeutic vaccine research and provide a new technique to curtail the increasing spread of HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jie Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ali Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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17
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env), a heterotrimer of gp120-gp41 subunits, mediates fusion of the viral and host cell membranes after interactions with the host receptor CD4 and a coreceptor. CD4 binding induces rearrangements in Env trimer, resulting in a CD4-induced (CD4i) open Env conformation. Structural studies of antibodies isolated from infected donors have defined antibody-Env interactions, with one class of antibodies specifically recognizing the CD4i open Env conformation. In this study, we characterized a group of monoclonal antibodies isolated from HIV-1 infected donors (V2i MAbs) that displayed characteristics of CD4i antibodies. Binding experiments demonstrated that the V2i MAbs preferentially recognize CD4-bound open Env trimers. Structural characterizations of V2i MAb-Env-CD4 trimer complexes using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy showed recognition by V2i MAbs using different angles of approach to the gp120 V1V2 domain and the β2/β3 strands on a CD4i open conformation Env with no direct interactions of the MAbs with CD4. We also characterized CG10, a CD4i antibody that was raised in mice immunized with a gp120-CD4 complex, bound to an Env trimer plus CD4. CG10 exhibited characteristics similar to those of the V2i antibodies, i.e., recognition of the open Env conformation, but showed direct contacts to both CD4 and gp120. Structural comparisons of these and previously characterized CD4i antibody interactions with Env provide a suggested mechanism for how these antibodies are elicited during HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE The RV144 HIV-1 clinical vaccination trial showed modest protection against viral infection. Antibody responses to the V1V2 region of HIV-1 Env gp120 were correlated inversely with the risk of infection, and data from three other clinical vaccine trials suggested a similar signal. In addition, antibodies targeting V1V2 have been correlated with protections from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections in nonhuman primates. We structurally characterized V2i antibodies directed against V1V2 isolated from HIV-1 infected humans in complex with open Env trimers bound to the host receptor CD4. We also characterized a CD4i antibody that interacts with CD4 as well as the gp120 subunit of an open Env trimer. Our study suggests how V2i and CD4i antibodies were elicited during HIV-1 infection.
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18
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Barrows BM, Krebs SJ, Jian N, Zemil M, Slike BM, Dussupt V, Tran U, Mendez-Rivera L, Chang D, O’Sullivan AM, Mann B, Sanders-Buell E, Shubin Z, Creegan M, Paquin-Proulx D, Ehrenberg P, Laurence-Chenine A, Srithanaviboonchai K, Thomas R, Eller MA, Ferrari G, Robb M, Rao V, Tovanabutra S, Polonis VR, Wieczorek L. Fc receptor engagement of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies in mothers and infants predicts reduced vertical transmission. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051501. [PMID: 36578481 PMCID: PMC9791209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infants acquire maternal antibodies by Fc receptor transcytosis across the placenta during pregnancy. Fc receptors are expressed on immune cells and are important for activation of effector cell functions. Methods In this study, we evaluated Fc receptor engagement and ADCC activity of plasma binding antibodies from human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) -infected mothers and to identify factors that may contribute to protection from HIV vertical transmission. Results HIV-specific binding and Fc receptor engagement of plasma antibodies varied between mothers by transmission status and infants by infection status. Non-transmitting (NT) mothers and HIV-uninfected infants had antibodies with higher neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and FcγR engagement, as compared to transmitting (T) mothers and HIV+ infants, respectively. A significant inverse correlation between plasma antibody FcRn and FcγR engagement was observed for T mothers, but not NT mothers. Conversely, a significant direct correlation was observed between plasma antibody FcRn and FcγR engagement for HIV- infants, but not for HIV+ infants. Consequently, we observed significantly higher plasma antibody ADCC potency and breadth in HIV- infants, as compared to HIV+ infants. However, no differences in overall ADCC potency and breadth were observed between mothers. FcRn-engagement of HIV-specific antibodies in both mothers and infants predicted a lack of vertical transmission of HIV. Discussion This study indicates that HIV-uninfected infants acquire HIV-specific antibodies with greater Fc receptor engagement and thus, greater ADCC capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittani M. Barrows
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ningbo Jian
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ursula Tran
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Chang
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anne Marie O’Sullivan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brendan Mann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matt Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Philip Ehrenberg
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Agnes Laurence-Chenine
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael A. Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Merlin Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Venigalla Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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DeCotes D, Baron S, Hoffman J, Garrett M, Sojar H, Hicar MD. Highly mutated monoclonal antibody 3F2 targets a conformational and strain-restricted epitope in human immunodeficiency virus gp41 with significant antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2193-2201. [PMID: 35871426 PMCID: PMC9308897 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying epitope targets by studying the native antibody (Ab) response can identify potential novel vaccine constructs. Studies suggest that long-term non-progressor (LTNP) subjects have inherent immune mechanisms that help to control viremia and disease progression. To explore a role for antibodies (Abs) in LTNP progression, our lab has previously characterized a number of highly mutated Abs that target conformational epitopes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein from a single LTNP subject (10076). One Ab clone, 10076-Q3-2C6, had significant cross-clade Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity. To assess if other LTNP subjects produced similar Abs, we expressed another highly mutated Ab from another subject; subject 10002, clone 10002-Q1-3F2 (variable heavy chain, 63.2% amino acid sequence identity to predicted germline). After expression with its native light chain, the recombinant Ab 3F2 bound to the trimeric envelope protein of HIV (trimer), as well as to the ectodomain of gp41. 3F2 binding to gp41 peptide libraries was consistent with non-linear epitope binding and showed possible overlap with the epitope of 2C6. Ab competition assays suggested that 3F2 may bind near the immunodominant epitope 1 loop region (ID1) of gp41. 2C6 blocked the binding of ID1-loop-binding Abs and 3F2 to the trimer, but 3F2 failed to block 2C6 binding. Together, these results suggest that 3F2 binds to a non-linear conformational epitope primarily localized between the epitope of 2C6 and the ID1. Since they are targeted by functional Abs, a more complete understanding of these ID1 and near-ID1 epitopes may be exploited in future immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin DeCotes
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 6072 UB CTRC, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Sarah Baron
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 6072 UB CTRC, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Jonathon Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 6072 UB CTRC, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Meghan Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. P.0. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Hakimuddin Sojar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 6072 UB CTRC, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Mark D Hicar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 6072 UB CTRC, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA.
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20
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Zohar T, Atyeo C, Wolf CR, Logue JK, Shuey K, Franko N, Choi RY, Wald A, Koelle DM, Chu HY, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. A multifaceted high-throughput assay for probing antigen-specific antibody-mediated primary monocyte phagocytosis and downstream functions. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113328. [PMID: 35934070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes are highly versatile innate immune cells responsible for pathogen clearance, innate immune coordination, and induction of adaptive immunity. Monocytes can directly and indirectly integrate pathogen-destructive instructions and contribute to disease control via pathogen uptake, presentation, or the release of cytokines. Indirect pathogen-specific instructions are conferred via Fc-receptor signaling and triggered by antibody opsonized material. Given the tremendous variation in polyclonal humoral immunity, defining the specific antibody-responses able to arm monocytes most effectively remains incompletely understood. While monocyte cell line-based assays have been used previously, cell lines may not faithfully recapitulate the full biology of monocytes. Thus, here we describe a multifaceted antigen-specific method for probing antibody-dependent primary monocyte phagocytosis (ADMP) and secondary responses. The assay not only reliably captures phagocytic uptake of immune complexes, but also detects unique changes in surface markers and cytokine secretions profiles, poorly detected by monocytic cell lines. The assay captures divergent polyclonal-monocyte recruiting activity across subjects with varying SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and also revealed biological nuances in Fc-mutant monoclonal antibody activity related to differences in Fc-receptor binding. Thus, the ADMP assay is a flexible assay able to provide key insights into the role of humoral immunity in driving monocyte phenotypic transitions and downstream functions across many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA.
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21
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Development of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in response to recombinant and live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:123. [PMID: 36284110 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoster vaccines generate antibody responses against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We compared antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) elicited by zoster vaccine live (ZVL) and recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). ADCC mediated by antibodies against VZV lysate (VZV-ADCC) and recombinant glycoprotein E (gE-ADCC) was measured using plasma from 20 RZV- and 20 ZVL-recipients, including half 50-60-years-old and half ≥70-years-old. Solid phase-bound anti-VZV antibodies stimulated TNFα in NK cells as measured by flow cytometry or ELISA. VZV-ADCC pre- and post-immunization was higher in younger vaccinees. ZVL did not appreciably increase VZV-ADCC, whereas RZV increased VZV-ADCC in older vaccinees. ELISA-measured gE-ADCC was similar across groups pre-immunization; significantly increased after ZVL; and RZV and was higher in younger RZV than ZVL recipients. IgG3 antibodies increased after RZV and ZVL, with greater anti-gE than anti-VZV responses. Moreover, gE-ADCC strongly correlated with anti-gE antibody avidity, but there were no appreciable correlations between VZV-ADCC and avidity. NK cells stimulated by anti-gE antibodies showed increased IFNγ and CD107a expression, which was not observed with anti-VZV antibodies. In conclusion, anti-gE antibodies generated more robust ADCC than anti-VZV antibodies. RZV induced higher ADCC antibodies than ZVL depending on the antigen and age of vaccinees. Older adults had lower ADCC antibodies before and after vaccination than younger adults.
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22
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Tolbert WD, Gohain N, Kremer PG, Hederman AP, Nguyen DN, Van V, Sherburn R, Lewis GK, Finzi A, Pollara J, Ackerman ME, Barb AW, Pazgier M. Decoding human-macaque interspecies differences in Fc-effector functions: The structural basis for CD16-dependent effector function in Rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960411. [PMID: 36131913 PMCID: PMC9484259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc mediated effector functions of antibodies play important roles in immunotherapies and vaccine efficacy but assessing those functions in animal models can be challenging due to species differences. Rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta (Mm) share approximately 93% sequence identity with humans but display important differences in their adaptive immune system that complicates their use in validating therapeutics and vaccines that rely on Fc effector functions. In contrast to humans, macaques only have one low affinity FcγRIII receptor, CD16, which shares a polymorphism at position 158 with human FcγRIIIa with Ile158 and Val158 variants. Here we describe structure-function relationships of the Ile/Val158 polymorphism in Mm FcγRIII. Our data indicate that the affinity of the allelic variants of Mm FcγRIII for the macaque IgG subclasses vary greatly with changes in glycan composition both on the Fc and the receptor. However, unlike the human Phe/Val158 polymorphism in FcγRIIIa, the higher affinity variant corresponds to the larger, more hydrophobic side chain, Ile, even though it is not directly involved in the binding interface. Instead, this side chain appears to modulate glycan-glycan interactions at the Fc/FcγRIII interface. Furthermore, changes in glycan composition on the receptor have a greater effect for the Val158 variant such that with oligomannose type glycans and with glycans only on Asn45 and Asn162, Val158 becomes the variant with higher affinity to Fc. These results have implications not only for the better interpretation of nonhuman primate studies but also for studies performed with human effector cells carrying different FcγRIIIa alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul G. Kremer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrew P. Hederman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Verna Van
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Adam W. Barb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Pace M, Ogbe A, Hurst J, Robinson N, Meyerowitz J, Olejniczak N, Thornhill JP, Jones M, Waters A, Lwanga J, Kuldanek K, Hall R, Zacharopoulou P, Martin GE, Brown H, Nwokolo N, Peppa D, Fox J, Fidler S, Frater J. Impact of antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection on natural killer cell function and the association with viral rebound and HIV DNA following treatment interruption. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878743. [PMID: 36110857 PMCID: PMC9468877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a key role in controlling HIV replication, with potential downstream impact on the size of the HIV reservoir and likelihood of viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) cessation. It is therefore important to understand how primary HIV infection (PHI) disrupts NK cell function, and how these functions are restored by early ART. We examined the impact of commencing ART during PHI on phenotypic and functional NK cell markers at treatment initiation (baseline), 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years in seven well-characterised participants in comparison to HIV seronegative volunteers. We then examined how those NK cell properties differentially impacted by ART related to time to viral rebound and HIV DNA levels in 44 individuals from the SPARTAC trial who stopped ART after 48 weeks treatment, started during PHI. NK cell markers that were significantly different between the seven people with HIV (PWH) treated for 2 years and HIV uninfected individuals included NKG2C levels in CD56dim NK cells, Tim-3 expression in CD56bright NK cells, IFN-γ expressed by CD56dim NK cells after IL-12/IL-18 stimulation and the fraction of Eomes-/T-bet+ in CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells. When exploring time to viral rebound after stopping ART among the 44 SPARTAC participants, no single NK phenotypic marker correlated with control. Higher levels of IL-12/IL-18 mediated NK cell degranulation at baseline were associated with longer times to viral rebound after treatment interruption (P=0.028). Additionally, we found higher fractions of CD56dim NK cells in individuals with lower levels of HIV DNA (P=0.048). NKG2A and NKp30 levels in CD56neg NK cells were higher in patients with lower HIV DNA levels (p=0.00174, r=-0.49 and p=0.03, r= -0.327, respectively) while CD27 levels were higher in those with higher levels of HIV DNA (p=0.026). These data show NK cell functions are heterogeneously impacted by HIV infection with a mixed picture of resolution on ART, and that while NK cells may affect HIV DNA levels and time to viral rebound, no single NK cell marker defined delayed viral rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pace
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Hurst
- Etcembly Ltd, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Robinson
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Olejniczak
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Thornhill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anele Waters
- Department of Infection, Guys and St Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julianne Lwanga
- Department of Infection, Guys and St Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Kuldanek
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hall
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Genevieve E. Martin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nneka Nwokolo
- Department of HIV/GUM, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Infection, Guys and St Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Board NL, Moskovljevic M, Wu F, Siliciano RF, Siliciano JD. Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:499-512. [PMID: 34824401 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells, life-long ART is necessary to prevent viral rebound. One strategy currently under consideration for curing HIV-1 infection is known as 'shock and kill'. This strategy uses latency-reversing agents to induce expression of HIV-1 genes, allowing for infected cells to be cleared by cytolytic immune cells. The role of innate immunity in HIV-1 pathogenesis is best understood in the context of acute infection. Here, we suggest that innate immunity can also be used to improve the efficacy of HIV-1 cure strategies, with a particular focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells. We discuss novel latency-reversing agents targeting DCs as well as DC-based strategies to enhance the clearance of infected cells by CD8+ T cells and strategies to improve the killing activity of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Wrotniak BH, Garrett M, Baron S, Sojar H, Shon A, Asiago-Reddy E, Yager J, Kalams S, Croix M, Hicar MD. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity is maintained by the unmutated common ancestor of 6F5, a Gp41 conformational epitope targeting antibody that utilizes heavy chain VH1-2. Vaccine 2022; 40:4174-4181. [PMID: 35688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In studies on monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs) from long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), our laboratory has previously described highly mutated Abs against a complex conformational epitope with contributions from both gp41 the N terminal and C terminal heptad repeat helices. Despite using the VH1-2 gene segment, known to contribute to some of the broadest neutralizing Abs against HIV, members of these Abs, termed group 76C Abs, did not exhibit broad neutralization. Because of the high number of mutations and use of VH1-2, our goal was to characterize the non-neutralizing functions of Abs of group 76C, to assess if targeting of the epitope correlates with LTNP, and to assess the maturation of these Abs by comparison to their predicted common ancestor. Serum competition assays showed group 76C Abs were enriched in LTNPs, in comparison to VRC-01. Specific group 76C clones 6F5 and 6F11, expressed as recombinant Abs, both have robust ADCC activity, despite their sequence disparity. Sequence analysis predicted the common ancestor of this clonal group would utilize the germline non-mutated variable gene. We produced a recombinant ancestor Ab (76Canc) with a heavy chain utilizing the germline variable gene sequence paired to the 6F5 light chain. Competition with group 76C recombinant Ab 6F5 confirms 76Canc binds HIV envelope constructs near the original group C epitope. 76Canc demonstrates comparable ADCC to 6F5 and 6F11 when using gp41 constructs of both clade B and clade C. The functional capability of Abs utilizing germline VH1-2 has implications for disease control and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Wrotniak
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Baron
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hakimuddin Sojar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Shon
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Jessica Yager
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Spyros Kalams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Croix
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark D Hicar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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26
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Gray MD, Feng J, Weidle CE, Cohen KW, Ballweber-Fleming L, MacCamy AJ, Huynh CN, Trichka JJ, Montefiori D, Ferrari G, Pancera M, McElrath MJ, Stamatatos L. Characterization of a vaccine-elicited human antibody with sequence homology to VRC01-class antibodies that binds the C1C2 gp120 domain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3948. [PMID: 35507661 PMCID: PMC9067929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broadly HIV-1-neutralizing VRC01-class antibodies bind the CD4-binding site of Env and contain VH1-2*02-derived heavy chains paired with light chains expressing five-amino acid-long CDRL3s. Their unmutated germline forms do not recognize HIV-1 Env, and their lack of elicitation in human clinical trials could be due to the absence of activation of the corresponding naïve B cells by the vaccine immunogens. To address this point, we examined Env-specific B cell receptor sequences from participants in the HVTN 100 clinical trial. Of all the sequences analyzed, only one displayed homology to VRC01-class antibodies, but the corresponding antibody (FH1) recognized the C1C2 gp120 domain. For FH1 to switch epitope recognition to the CD4-binding site, alterations in the CDRH3 and CDRL3 were necessary. Only germ line-targeting Env immunogens efficiently activated VRC01 B cells, even in the presence of FH1 B cells. Our findings support the use of these immunogens to activate VRC01 B cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Junli Feng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Connor E. Weidle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lamar Ballweber-Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna J. MacCamy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Crystal N. Huynh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josephine J. Trichka
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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27
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Mader AL, Tydykov L, Glück V, Bertok M, Weidlich T, Gottwald C, Stefl A, Vogel M, Plentz A, Köstler J, Salzberger B, Wenzel JJ, Niller HH, Jantsch J, Wagner R, Schmidt B, Glück T, Gessner A, Peterhoff D. Omicron's binding to sotrovimab, casirivimab, imdevimab, CR3022, and sera from previously infected or vaccinated individuals. iScience 2022; 25:104076. [PMID: 35309727 PMCID: PMC8920075 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is the first pandemic variant of concern exhibiting an abrupt accumulation of mutations particularly in the receptor-binding domain that is a critical target of vaccination induced and therapeutic antibodies. Omicron's mutations did only marginally affect the binding of ACE2, and the two antibodies Sotrovimab and CR3022 but strongly impaired the binding of Casirivimab and Imdevimab. Moreover, as compared with Wuhan, there is reduced serum reactivity and a pronounced loss of competitive surrogate virus neutralization (sVN) against Omicron in naïve vaccinees and in COVID-19 convalescents after infection and subsequent vaccination. Finally, although the booster vaccination response conferred higher titers and better sVN, the effect was nonetheless significantly lower compared with responses against Wuhan. Overall, our data suggest that the antigenicity of Omicrons receptor binding motive has largely changed but antibodies such as Sotrovimab targeting other conserved sites maintain binding and therefore hold potential in prophylaxis and treatment of Omicron-induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mader
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leonid Tydykov
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vivian Glück
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Bertok
- Kliniken Südostbayern AG, Klinikum Traunstein, 83278 Traunstein, Germany
| | - Tanja Weidlich
- Kliniken Südostbayern AG, Klinikum Traunstein, 83278 Traunstein, Germany
| | - Christine Gottwald
- Kliniken Südostbayern AG, Klinikum Traunstein, 83278 Traunstein, Germany
| | - Alexa Stefl
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annelie Plentz
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen J. Wenzel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Glück
- Kliniken Südostbayern AG, Klinikum Traunstein, 83278 Traunstein, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Cook JD, Khondker A, Lee JE. Conformational plasticity of the HIV-1 gp41 immunodominant region is recognized by multiple non-neutralizing antibodies. Commun Biol 2022; 5:291. [PMID: 35361878 PMCID: PMC8971491 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The early humoral immune response to acute HIV-1 infection is largely non-neutralizing. The principal target of these antibodies is the primary immunodominant region (PID) on the gp41 fusion protein. The PID is a highly conserved 15-residue region displayed on the surface of HIV-1 virions. In this study, we analyzed the humoral determinants of HIV-1 gp41 PID binding using biophysical, structural, and computational methods. In complex with a patient-derived near-germline antibody fragment, the PID motif adopts an elongated random coil, whereas the PID bound to affinity-matured Fab adopts a strand-turn-helix conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the PID is structurally plastic suggesting that the PID can form an ensemble of structural states recognized by various non-neutralizing antibodies, facilitating HIV-1 immunodominance observed in acute and chronic HIV-1 infections. An improved understanding of how the HIV-1 gp41 PID misdirects the early humoral response should guide the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. The 15-amino-acid primary immunodominant (PID) region on HIV-1 gp41 adopts an ensemble of conformational states. This conformational plasticity is suggested to misdirect the early humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adree Khondker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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29
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Prévost J, Richard J, Gasser R, Medjahed H, Kirchhoff F, Hahn BH, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, Duerr R, Finzi A. Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4 + T Cell. J Virol 2022; 96:e0192921. [PMID: 35080425 PMCID: PMC8941894 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01929-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 Nef and Vpu accessory proteins are known to protect infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses by limiting exposure of CD4-induced (CD4i) envelope (Env) epitopes at the cell surface. Although both proteins target the host receptor CD4 for degradation, the extent of their functional redundancy is unknown. Here, we developed an intracellular staining technique that permits the intracellular detection of both Nef and Vpu in primary CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show that the combined expression of Nef and Vpu predicts the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells to ADCC by HIV+ plasma. We also show that Vpu cannot compensate for the absence of Nef, thus providing an explanation for why some infectious molecular clones that carry a LucR reporter gene upstream of Nef render infected cells more susceptible to ADCC responses. Our method thus represents a new tool to dissect the biological activity of Nef and Vpu in the context of other host and viral proteins within single infected CD4+ T cells. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Sangare K, Helmold Hait S, Moore M, Hogge C, Hoang T, Rahman MA, Venzon DJ, LaBranche C, Montefiori D, Robert-Guroff M, Thomas MA. E4orf1 Suppresses E1B-Deleted Adenovirus Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020295. [PMID: 35214753 PMCID: PMC8875587 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As demonstrated by the recent COVID pandemic, vaccines can reduce the burden arising from infectious agents. Adenoviruses (Ads) with deletion of the early region 1B55K (ΔE1B Ad) are currently being explored for use in vaccine delivery. ΔE1B Ads are different from Ads with deletions in early region 1 and early region 3 (ΔE1/E3) used in most Ad vaccine vectors in that they contain the Ad early region 1A (E1A), and therefore the ability to replicate. Common to almost all Ads that are being explored for clinical use is the Ad early region 4 (E4). Among the E4 genes is open reading frame 1 (E4orf1), which mediates signals through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway that is known to modulate immune responses. This suggests that E4orf1 might also modulate immune responses, although it has remained unexplored in ΔE1B Ad. Here, we show that cells infected with an E1B55K and E4orf1-deleted (ΔE41) Ad exhibited reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt (Ser473 and Thr308)) and expressed different intrinsic innate immune cytokines from those induced in cells infected with an E4orf1-containing, ΔE1B parental Ad that exhibited elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt. Rhesus macaques immunized with a ΔE41 Ad that expressed rhFLSC (HIV-1BaL gp120 linked to rhesus CD4 D1 and D2), exhibited higher levels of rhFLSC-specific interferon γ-producing memory T-cells, higher titers of rhFLSC-specific IgG1 binding antibody in serum, and antibodies able to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with greater killing capacity than the ΔE1B Ad. Therefore, E4orf1, perhaps by acting through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, limits intrinsic innate and system-wide adaptive immune responses that are important for improved ΔE1B Ad-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotou Sangare
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Madison Moore
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Christopher Hogge
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.); (D.M.)
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Michael A. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-806-6941
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Broadly binding and functional antibodies and persisting memory B cells elicited by HIV vaccine PDPHV. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:18. [PMID: 35140230 PMCID: PMC8828892 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since publishing our original reports on the safety and immunogenicity of a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV vaccine (PDPHV) which elicited high titer antibody responses with broad specificity, neutralizing activities to multiple HIV-1 subtypes, as well as poly-functional T cell responses, accumulated findings from other HIV vaccine studies indicated the important roles of Ig isotype distribution, Fc medicated functions and the persistence of memory immune responses which were not studied in previous PDPHV related reports. The current report provides further detailed characterization of these parameters in human volunteers receiving the PDPHV regimen. Antibody responses were assessed using IgG isotype and gp70-V1V2-binding ELISAs, peptide arrays, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. B cell ELISPOT was used to detect gp120-specific memory B cells. Our results showed that the gp120-specific antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 isotype. HIV-1 envelope protein variable regions V1 and V2 were actively targeted by the antibodies as determined by specific binding to both peptide and V1V2-carrying scaffolds. The antibodies showed potent and broad ADCC responses. Finally, the B cell ELISPOT analysis demonstrated persistence of gp120-specific memory B cells for at least 6 months after the last dose. These data indicate that broadly reactive binding Abs and ADCC responses as well as durable gp120-specific memory B cells were elicited by the polyvalent heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens and showed great promise as a candidate HIV vaccine.
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Herrera C, Veazey R, Lemke MM, Arnold K, Kim JH, Shattock RJ. Ex Vivo Evaluation of Mucosal Responses to Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX of Non-Human Primates. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:187. [PMID: 35214645 PMCID: PMC8879115 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) remain the most relevant challenge model for the evaluation of HIV vaccine candidates; however, discrepancies with clinical trial results have emphasized the need to further refine the NHP model. Furthermore, classical evaluation of vaccine candidates is based on endpoints measured systemically. We assessed the mucosal responses elicited upon vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX using ex vivo Rhesus macaque mucosal tissue explant models. Following booster immunization with ALVAC/AIDSVAX, anti-gp120 HIV-1CM244-specific IgG and IgA were detected in culture supernatant cervicovaginal and colorectal tissue explants, as well as systemically. Despite protection from ex vivo viral challenge, no neutralization was observed with tissue explant culture supernatants. Priming with ALVAC induced distinct cytokine profiles in cervical and rectal tissue. However, ALVAC/AIDSVAX boosts resulted in similar modulations in both mucosal tissues with a statistically significant decrease in cytokines linked to inflammatory responses and lymphocyte differentiation. With ALVAC/AIDSVAX boosts, significant correlations were observed between cytokine levels and specific IgA in cervical explants and specific IgG and IgA in rectal tissue. The cytokine secretome revealed differences between vaccination with ALVAC and ALVAC/AIDSVAX not previously observed in mucosal tissues and distinct from the systemic response, which could represent a biosignature of the vaccine combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;
| | - Ronald Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, GA 70433, USA;
| | - Melissa M. Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Kelly Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MA 20817, USA;
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Tolbert WD, Nguyen DN, Tuyishime M, Crowley AR, Chen Y, Jha S, Goodman D, Bekker V, Mudrak SV, DeVico AL, Lewis GK, Theis JF, Pinter A, Moody MA, Easterhoff D, Wiehe K, Pollara J, Saunders KO, Tomaras GD, Ackerman M, Ferrari G, Pazgier M. Structure and Fc-Effector Function of Rhesusized Variants of Human Anti-HIV-1 IgG1s. Front Immunol 2022; 12:787603. [PMID: 35069563 PMCID: PMC8770954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of human origin into Non-Human Primates (NHPs), especially those which function predominantly by a Fc-effector mechanism, requires an a priori preparation step, in which the human mAb is reengineered to an equivalent NHP IgG subclass. This can be achieved by changing both the Fc and Fab sequence while simultaneously maintaining the epitope specificity of the parent antibody. This Ab reengineering process, referred to as rhesusization, can be challenging because the simple grafting of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) into an NHP IgG subclass may impact the functionality of the mAb. Here we describe the successful rhesusization of a set of human mAbs targeting HIV-1 envelope (Env) epitopes involved in potent Fc-effector function against the virus. This set includes a mAb targeting a linear gp120 V1V2 epitope isolated from a RV144 vaccinee, a gp120 conformational epitope within the Cluster A region isolated from a RV305 vaccinated individual, and a linear gp41 epitope within the immunodominant Cys-loop region commonly targeted by most HIV-1 infected individuals. Structural analyses confirm that the rhesusized variants bind their respective Env antigens with almost identical specificity preserving epitope footprints and most antigen-Fab atomic contacts with constant regions folded as in control RM IgG1s. In addition, functional analyses confirm preservation of the Fc effector function of the rhesusized mAbs including the ability to mediate Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis by monocytes (ADCP) and neutrophils (ADNP) with potencies comparable to native macaque antibodies of similar specificity. While the antibodies chosen here are relevant for the examination of the correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine trials, the methods used are generally applicable to antibodies for other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew R. Crowley
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Valerie Bekker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V. Mudrak
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James F. Theis
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David Easterhoff
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Margaret Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States,Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Marzena Pazgier,
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Hioe CE, Li G, Liu X, Tsahouridis O, He X, Funaki M, Klingler J, Tang AF, Feyznezhad R, Heindel DW, Wang XH, Spencer DA, Hu G, Satija N, Prévost J, Finzi A, Hessell AJ, Wang S, Lu S, Chen BK, Zolla-Pazner S, Upadhyay C, Alvarez R, Su L. Non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the immunogenic regions of HIV-1 envelope reduce mucosal infection and virus burden in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010183. [PMID: 34986207 PMCID: PMC8765624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are principal immune components elicited by vaccines to induce protection from microbial pathogens. In the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial, vaccine efficacy was 31% and the sole primary correlate of reduced risk was shown to be vigorous antibody response targeting the V1V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. Antibodies against V3 also were inversely correlated with infection risk in subsets of vaccinees. Antibodies recognizing these regions, however, do not exhibit potent neutralizing activity. Therefore, we examined the antiviral potential of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunodominant V1V2 and V3 sites by passive administration of human mAbs to humanized mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, followed by mucosal challenge with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone expressing the envelope of a tier 2 resistant HIV-1 strain. Treatment with anti-V1V2 mAb 2158 or anti-V3 mAb 2219 did not prevent infection, but V3 mAb 2219 displayed a superior potency compared to V1V2 mAb 2158 in reducing virus burden. While these mAbs had no or weak neutralizing activity and elicited undetectable levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), V3 mAb 2219 displayed a greater capacity to bind virus- and cell-associated HIV-1 envelope and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and C1q complement binding as compared to V1V2 mAb 2158. Mutations in the Fc region of 2219 diminished these effector activities in vitro and lessened virus control in humanized mice. These results demonstrate the importance of Fc functions other than ADCC for antibodies without potent neutralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina E. Hioe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangming Li
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ourania Tsahouridis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiuting He
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Masaya Funaki
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jéromine Klingler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alex F. Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Roya Feyznezhad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Heindel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Spencer
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chitra Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raymond Alvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lishan Su
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Selection of HIV Envelope strains for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies. J Virol 2021; 96:e0164321. [PMID: 34730393 PMCID: PMC8791251 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01643-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection in several preclinical vaccine trials and the RV144 clinical trial, indicating this is a relevant antibody function to study. Given the diversity of HIV-1, the breadth of vaccine-induced antibody responses is a critical parameter to understand if a universal vaccine is to be realised. Moreover, breadth of ADCC responses can be influenced by different vaccine strategies and regimens, including adjuvants. Therefore, to accurately evaluate ADCC and to compare vaccine regimens, it is important to understand the range of HIV Envelope susceptibility to these responses. These evaluations have been limited because of the complexity of the assay and the lack of a comprehensive panel of viruses for the assessment of these humoral responses. Here, we used twenty-nine HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMCs) representing different Envelope subtypes and circulating recombinant forms to characterise susceptibility to ADCC from antibodies in plasma from infected individuals, including thirteen viraemic individuals, ten controllers and six with broadly neutralizing antibody responses. We found in our panel that ADCC susceptibility of the IMCs in our panel did not cluster by subtype, infectivity, level of CD4 downregulation, level of shedding, or neutralization sensitivity. Using partition-around-medoids (PAM) clustering to distinguish smaller groups of IMCs with similar ADCC susceptibility, we identified nested panels of four to eight IMCs that broadly represent the ADCC susceptibility of the entire 29 IMC panel. These panels, together with reagents developed to specifically accommodate circulating viruses at the geographical sites of vaccine trials, will provide a powerful tool to harmonise ADCC data generated across different studies, and detect common themes of ADCC responses elicited by various vaccines. IMPORTANCE Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses were found to correlate with reduced risk of infection in the RV144 trial, the only human HIV-1 vaccine to show any efficacy to date. However, reagents to understand the breadth and magnitude of these responses across preclinical and clinical vaccine trials remain underdeveloped. In this study, we characterise HIV-1 infectious molecular clones encoding 29 distinct envelope strains (Env-IMCs) to understand factors which impact virus susceptibility to ADCC and use statistical methods to identify smaller nested panels of four to eight Env-IMCs which accurately represent the full set. These reagents can be used as standardized reagents across studies to fully understand how ADCC may affect efficacy of future vaccine studies, and how studies differed in the breadth of responses developed.
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Mielke D, Bandawe G, Zheng J, Jones J, Abrahams MR, Bekker V, Ochsenbauer C, Garrett N, Abdool Karim S, Moore PL, Morris L, Montefiori D, Anthony C, Ferrari G, Williamson C. ADCC-mediating non-neutralizing antibodies can exert immune pressure in early HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010046. [PMID: 34788337 PMCID: PMC8598021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses being implicated in protection from HIV-1 infection, there is limited evidence that they control virus replication. The high mutability of HIV-1 enables the virus to rapidly adapt, and thus evidence of viral escape is a very sensitive approach to demonstrate the importance of this response. To enable us to deconvolute ADCC escape from neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape, we identified individuals soon after infection with detectable ADCC responses, but no nAb responses. We evaluated the kinetics of ADCC and nAb responses, and viral escape, in five recently HIV-1-infected individuals. In one individual we detected viruses that escaped from ADCC responses but were sensitive to nAbs. In the remaining four participants, we did not find evidence of viral evolution exclusively associated with ADCC-mediating non-neutralizing Abs (nnAbs). However, in all individuals escape from nAbs was rapid, occurred at very low titers, and in three of five cases we found evidence of viral escape before detectable nAb responses. These data show that ADCC-mediating nnAbs can drive immune escape in early infection, but that nAbs were far more effective. This suggests that if ADCC responses have a protective role, their impact is limited after systemic virus dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gama Bandawe
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie Bekker
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Witswaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Witswaterstrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Colin Anthony
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. NK cell-based therapies for HIV infection: Investigating current advances and future possibilities. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:921-931. [PMID: 34668588 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0821-412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are well-known for their antiviral functions. Also, their role in HIV has been well established, with rapid responses elicited during early HIV infection. Most immune cells including CD4+ T cells, monocytes, Mϕs, and dendritic cells are readily infected by HIV. Recent evidence from multiple studies has suggested that similar to these cells, in chronic conditions like HIV, NK cells also undergo functional exhaustion with impaired cytotoxicity, altered cytokine production, and impaired ADCC. NK-based immunotherapy aims to successfully restore, boost, and modify their activity as has been already demonstrated in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The utilization of NK cell-based strategies for the eradication of HIV from the body provides many advantages over classical ART. The literature search consisted of manually selecting the most relevant studies from databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrial.gov. Some of the treatments currently under consideration are CAR-NK cell therapy, facilitating ADCC, TLR agonists, bNAbs, and BiKEs/TriKEs, blocking inhibitory NK receptors during infection, IL-15 and IL-15 superagonists (eg: ALT-803), and so on. This review aims to discuss the NK cell-based therapies currently under experimentation against HIV infection and finally highlight the challenges associated with NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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38
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Evolution of antibodies to native trimeric envelope and their Fc dependent functions in untreated and treated primary HIV infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0162521. [PMID: 34586863 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01625-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) develop both anti-Envelope-specific antibodies, which bind the closed trimeric HIV Envelope present on infected cells and anti-gp120-specific antibodies, which bind gp120 monomers shed by infected cells and taken up by CD4 on uninfected bystander cells. Both antibodies have an Fc portion that binds to Fc Receptors on several types of innate immune cells and stimulates them to develop anti-viral functions. Among these Fc dependent functions (FcDFs) are antibody dependent (AD) cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), AD cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) and AD phagocytosis (ADCP). Here, we assessed the evolution of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti-gp120 and anti-Envelope IgG antibodies and their FcDFs in plasma samples from anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve subjects during early HIV infection (28-194 days post infection [DPI]). We found that both the concentrations and FcDFs of anti-gp120 and anti-Envelope antibodies increased with time in ART-naïve PLWH. Although generated concurrently, anti-gp120-specific antibodies were 20.7-fold more abundant than anti-Envelpe-specific antibodies, both specificities being strongly correlated with each other and FcDFs. Among the FcDFs, only ADCP activity was inversely correlated with concurrent viral load. PLWH who started ART >90 DPI showed higher anti-Envelope-specific antibody levels, ADCT and ADCP activities than those starting ART <90 DPI. However, in longitudinally collected samples, ART initiation at >90 DPI was accompanied by a faster decline in anti-Envelope-specific antibody levels, which did not translate to a faster decline in FcDFs compared to those starting ART <90 DPI. IMPORTANCE Closed conformation Envelope is expressed on the surface of HIV-infected cells. Antibodies targeting this conformation and that support FcDFs have the potential to control HIV. This study tracks the timing of the appearance and evolution of antibodies to closed conformation Envelope, whose concentration increases over the first 6 mos of infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation blunts further increases in the concentration of these antibodies and their and FcDFs. However, antibodies to open conformation Envelope also increase with DPI until ART initiation. These antibodies target uninfected bystander cells, which may contribute to loss of uninfected CD4 cells and pathogenicity. This manuscript presents, for the first time, the evolution of antibodies to closed conformation Envelope and their fate on-ART. This information may be useful in making decisions on the timing of ART initiation in early HIV infection.
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Phelps M, Balazs AB. Contribution to HIV Prevention and Treatment by Antibody-Mediated Effector Function and Advances in Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Delivery by Vectored Immunoprophylaxis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734304. [PMID: 34603314 PMCID: PMC8479175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the viral envelope have shown significant promise in both HIV prevention and viral clearance, including pivotal results against sensitive strains in the recent Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trial. Studies of bNAb passive transfer in infected patients have demonstrated transient reduction of viral load at high concentrations that rebounds as bNAb is cleared from circulation. While neutralization is a crucial component of therapeutic efficacy, numerous studies have demonstrated that bNAbs can also mediate effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD). These functions have been shown to contribute towards protection in several models of HIV acquisition and in viral clearance during chronic infection, however the role of target epitope in facilitating these functions, as well as the contribution of individual innate functions in protection and viral clearance remain areas of active investigation. Despite their potential, the transient nature of antibody passive transfer limits the widespread use of bNAbs. To overcome this, we and others have demonstrated vectored antibody delivery capable of yielding long-lasting expression of bNAbs in vivo. Two clinical trials have shown that adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery of bNAbs is safe and capable of sustained bNAb expression for over 18 months following a single intramuscular administration. Here, we review key concepts of effector functions mediated by bNAbs against HIV infection and the potential for vectored immunoprophylaxis as a means of producing bNAbs in patients.
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Sherburn R, Tolbert WD, Gottumukkala S, Hederman AP, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Stanfield-Oakley S, Tuyishime M, Ferrari G, Finzi A, Ackerman ME, Pazgier M. Incorporating the Cluster A and V1V2 Targets into a Minimal Structural Unit of the HIV-1 Envelope to Elicit a Cross-Clade Response with Potent Fc-Effector Functions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090975. [PMID: 34579212 PMCID: PMC8472903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a potent vaccine for the prevention and/or control of HIV-1 has been unsuccessful to date, despite decades of research. Existing evidence from both infected individuals and clinical trials support a role for non-neutralizing or weakly neutralizing antibodies with potent Fc-effector functions in the prevention and control of HIV-1 infection. Vaccination strategies that induce such antibodies have proven partially successful in preventing HIV-1 infection. This is largely thought to be due to the polyclonal response that is induced in a vaccine setting, as opposed to the infusion of a single therapeutic antibody, which is capable of diverse Fc-effector functions and targets multiple but highly conserved epitopes. Here, we build on the success of our inner domain antigen, ID2, which incorporates conformational CD4-inducible (CD4i) epitopes of constant region 1 and 2 (C1C2 or Cluster A), in the absence of neutralizing antibody epitopes, into a minimal structural unit of gp120. ID2 has been shown to induce Cluster A-specific antibodies in a BALB/c mouse model with Fc-effector functions against CD4i targets. In order to generate an immunogen that incorporates both epitope targets implicated in the protective Fc-effector functions of antibodies from the only partially successful human vaccine trial, RV144, we incorporated the V1V2 domain into our ID2 antigen generating ID2-V1V2, which we used to immunize in combination with ID2. Immunized BALB/c mice generated both Cluster A- and V1V2-specific antibodies, which synergized to significantly improve the Fc-mediated effector functions compared to mice immunized with ID2 alone. The sera were able to mediate both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). We therefore conclude that ID2-V1V2 + ID2 represents a promising vaccine immunogen candidate for the induction of antibodies with optimal Fc-mediated effector functions against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.S.); (W.D.T.); (S.G.)
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.S.); (W.D.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Suneetha Gottumukkala
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.S.); (W.D.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrew P. Hederman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.P.H.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (G.B.-B.); (A.F.)
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Department of Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.S.-O.); (M.T.); (G.F.)
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Department of Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.S.-O.); (M.T.); (G.F.)
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.S.-O.); (M.T.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; (G.B.-B.); (A.F.)
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.P.H.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.S.); (W.D.T.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Md Zahid H, Kuwata T, Takahama S, Kaku Y, Biswas S, Matsumoto K, Tamamura H, Matsushita S. Functional analysis of a monoclonal antibody reactive against the C1C2 of Env obtained from a patient infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG. Retrovirology 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 34419098 PMCID: PMC8379604 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent data suggest the importance of non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in the development of vaccines against HIV-1 because two types of nnAbs that recognize the coreceptor binding site (CoRBS) and the C1C2 region mediate antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HIV-1-infected cells. However, many studies have been conducted with nnAbs obtained from subtype B-infected individuals, with few studies in patients with non-subtype B infections. Results We isolated a monoclonal antibody 1E5 from a CRF02_AG-infected individual and constructed two forms of antibody with constant regions of IgG1 or IgG3. The epitope of 1E5 belongs to the C1C2 of gp120, and 1E5 binds to 27 out of 35 strains (77 %) across the subtypes. The 1E5 showed strong ADCC activity, especially in the form of IgG3 in the presence of small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) and 4E9C (anti-CoRBS antibody), but did not show any neutralizing activity even against the isolates with strong binding activities. The enhancement in the binding of A32, anti-C1C2 antibody isolated from a patient with subtype B infection, was observed in the presence of 1E5 and the combination of 1E5, A32 and 4E9C mediated a strong ADCC activity. Conclusions These results suggest that anti-C1C2 antibodies that are induced in patients with different HIV-1 subtype infections have common functional modality and may have unexpected interactions. These data may have implications for vaccine development against HIV-1. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-021-00568-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Md Zahid
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takeo Kuwata
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shokichi Takahama
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Kaku
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shashwata Biswas
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kaho Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Hu Y, Li D, Fu H, Hao Y, Ren L, Wang S, Hu X, Shao Y, Hong K, Wang Z. Identification of a CD4-binding site-directed antibody with ADCC activity from a chronic HIV-1B'-infected Chinese donor. Virus Res 2021; 302:198470. [PMID: 34097932 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) plays an important role in controlling HIV-1 invasion and replication in vivo. Isolation and identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with ADCC activity help design effective vaccines and develop novel treatment strategies. In this study, we first identified a broad neutralizer who had been infected with an HIV-1B' strain for over 10 years. Next, through probe-specific single-B-cell sorting and PCR amplification, we obtained genes for variable regions of the heavy chain (VHs) and light chain (VLs) of six antibodies and ligated them into expression vectors. After antibody expression and ELISA screening, we obtained a CD4-binding site-directed antibody (451-B4), whose VH and VL originated from the IGHV1-24 and IGLV1-40 germlines, respectively. Although 451-B4 neutralized only the SF162 tier 1 pseudovirus and 398F1 tier 2 pseudovirus, it could mediate comparable ADCC activity to a broadly neutralizing antibody, VRC01. The 451-B4 antibody will be a useful candidate for developing an ADCC-based treatment strategy against HIV-1 replication or latent infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xintao Hu
- Present address: Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kunxue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; Division of Research of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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Sealy RE, Dayton B, Finkelstein D, Hurwitz JL. Harnessing Natural Mosaics: Antibody-Instructed, Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Design. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050884. [PMID: 34064894 PMCID: PMC8151930 DOI: 10.3390/v13050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 40th anniversary since physicians recognized symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that has since caused more than 30 million deaths worldwide. Despite the passing of four decades, there remains no licensed vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Despite the development of outstanding anti-retroviral drugs, there are currently more than one-half million deaths each year due to AIDS. Here, we revisit a conventional vaccine strategy used for protection against variable pathogens like HIV-1, which combines an array of diverse surface antigens. The strategy uses antibody recognition patterns to categorize viruses and their surface antigens into groups. Then a leader is assigned for each group and group leaders are formulated into vaccine cocktails. The group leaders are ‘natural mosaics’, because they share one or more epitope(s) with each of the other group members. We encourage the application of this conventional approach to HIV-1 vaccine design. We suggest that the partnering of an antibody-instructed envelope cocktail with new vaccine vectors will yield a successful vaccine in the HIV-1 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Barry Dayton
- Department of Mathematics, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, USA;
| | - David Finkelstein
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Julia L. Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-595-2464
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Lamptey H, Bonney EY, Adu B, Kyei GB. Are Fc Gamma Receptor Polymorphisms Important in HIV-1 Infection Outcomes and Latent Reservoir Size? Front Immunol 2021; 12:656894. [PMID: 34017334 PMCID: PMC8129575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins which trigger specific effector-cell responses when cross-linked with the Fc portions of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies. During HIV-1 infection, the course of disease progression, ART response, and viral reservoir size vary in different individuals. Several factors may account for these differences; however, Fc gamma receptor gene polymorphisms, which influence receptor binding to IgG antibodies, are likely to play a key role. FcγRIIa (CD32) was recently reported as a potential marker for latent HIV reservoir, however, this assertion is still inconclusive. Whether FcγR polymorphisms influence the size of the viral reservoir, remains an important question in HIV cure studies. In addition, potential cure or viral suppression methods such as broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAbs) may depend on FcγRs to control the virus. Here, we discuss the current evidence on the potential role played by FcγR polymorphisms in HIV-1 infection, treatment and vaccine trial outcomes. Importantly, we highlight contrasting findings that may be due to multiple factors and the relatively limited data from African populations. We recommend further studies especially in sub-Saharan Africa to confirm the role of FcγRIIa in the establishment of latent reservoir and to determine their influence in therapies involving bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lamptey
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Y. Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bright Adu
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - George B. Kyei
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Medical and Scientific Research Centre, University of Ghana Medical Centre, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Rossignol ED, Dugast AS, Compere H, Cottrell CA, Copps J, Lin S, Cizmeci D, Seaman MS, Ackerman ME, Ward AB, Alter G, Julg B. Mining HIV controllers for broad and functional antibodies to recognize and eliminate HIV-infected cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109167. [PMID: 34038720 PMCID: PMC8196545 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV monoclonal antibodies for viral reservoir eradication strategies will likely need to recognize reactivated infected cells and potently drive Fc-mediated innate effector cell activity. We systematically characterize a library of 185 HIV-envelope-specific antibodies derived from 15 spontaneous HIV controllers (HCs) that selectively exhibit robust serum Fc functionality and compared them to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in clinical development. Within the 10 antibodies with the broadest cell-recognition capability, seven originated from HCs and three were bNAbs. V3-loop-targeting antibodies are enriched among the top cell binders, suggesting the V3-loop may be selectively exposed and accessible on the cell surface. Fc functionality is more variable across antibodies, which is likely influenced by distinct binding topology and corresponding Fc accessibility, highlighting not only the importance of target-cell recognition but also the need to optimize for Fc-mediated elimination. Ultimately, our results demonstrate that this comprehensive selection process can identify monoclonal antibodies poised to eliminate infected cells. Rossignol et al. characterize 185 HIV-envelope-specific antibodies derived from spontaneous HIV controllers, downselecting antibodies based on their ability to broadly recognize infected cells and potently drive Fc-mediated innate effector cell activity. This comprehensive selection process can identify monoclonal antibodies poised to eliminate infected cells for viral reservoir eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Rossignol
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Dugast
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hacheming Compere
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Copps
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shu Lin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Fries CN, Curvino EJ, Chen JL, Permar SR, Fouda GG, Collier JH. Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 32807876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases, there remain numerous globally devastating diseases without fully protective vaccines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. Nanotechnology approaches are being developed both to design new vaccines against these diseases as well as to facilitate their global implementation. The reasons why a given pathogen may present difficulties for vaccine design are unique and tied to the co-evolutionary history of the pathogen and humans, but there are common challenges that nanotechnology is beginning to help address. In each case, a successful vaccine will need to raise immune responses that differ from the immune responses raised by normal infection. Nanomaterials, with their defined compositions, commonly modular construction, and length scales allowing the engagement of key immune pathways, collectively facilitate the iterative design process necessary to identify such protective immune responses and achieve them reliably. Nanomaterials also provide strategies for engineering the trafficking and delivery of vaccine components to key immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they can be highly multivalent, improving their engagement with the immune system. This Review will discuss these aspects along with recent nanomaterial advances towards vaccines against infectious disease, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Silva de Castro I, Gorini G, Mason R, Gorman J, Bissa M, Rahman MA, Arakelyan A, Kalisz I, Whitney S, Becerra-Flores M, Ni E, Peachman K, Trinh HV, Read M, Liu MH, Van Ryk D, Paquin-Proulx D, Shubin Z, Tuyishime M, Peele J, Ahmadi MS, Verardi R, Hill J, Beddall M, Nguyen R, Stamos JD, Fujikawa D, Min S, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Galli V, Doster MN, Liyanage NP, Sarkis S, Caccuri F, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Shen X, Rosati M, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Venzon DJ, Magnanelli W, Breed M, Kramer J, Keele BF, Eller MA, Cicala C, Arthos J, Ferrari G, Margolis L, Robert-Guroff M, Kwong PD, Roederer M, Rao M, Cardozo TJ, Franchini G. Anti-V2 antibodies virus vulnerability revealed by envelope V1 deletion in HIV vaccine candidates. iScience 2021; 24:102047. [PMID: 33554060 PMCID: PMC7847973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of ALVAC-based HIV and SIV vaccines in humans and macaques correlates with antibodies to envelope variable region 2 (V2). We show here that vaccine-induced antibodies to SIV variable region 1 (V1) inhibit anti-V2 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reverse their ability to block V2 peptide interaction with the α4β7 integrin. SIV vaccines engineered to delete V1 and favor an α helix, rather than a β sheet V2 conformation, induced V2-specific ADCC correlating with decreased risk of SIV acquisition. Removal of V1 from the HIV-1 clade A/E A244 envelope resulted in decreased binding to antibodies recognizing V2 in the β sheet conformation. Thus, deletion of V1 in HIV envelope immunogens may improve antibody responses to V2 virus vulnerability sites and increase the efficacy of HIV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Rahman
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Ni
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristina Peachman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Hung V. Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Michael Read
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Mei-Hue Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jennifer Peele
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Ahmadi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliane Hill
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Beddall
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D. Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susie Min
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Namal P.M. Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Magnanelli
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Matthew Breed
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Josh Kramer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Michael A. Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Timothy J. Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dengue Vaccines: The Promise and Pitfalls of Antibody-Mediated Protection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:13-22. [PMID: 33444553 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 390 million human dengue virus (DENV) infections occur each year, worldwide. Dengvaxia, a live-virus tetravalent vaccine from Sanofi Pasteur, was recently approved for human clinical use, although vaccine performance against the four DENV serotypes is highly variable. Other dengue vaccines in advanced clinical testing also demonstrate variability in efficacy. In this review, we outline the benefits and challenges of developing a safe, effective, and balanced DENV vaccine that can provide uniform protection against all four serotypes. Even though T cell biology plays an important role in establishing protective immunity, this review focuses on B cell responses. We discuss the leading dengue vaccine candidates and review the specificity of antibody responses and the known immune correlates of protection against DENV infection. A better understanding of immune correlates of protection against DENV infection will inform the development of a vaccine that can provide long-term, uniform protection.
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49
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Kant S, Zhang N, Barbé A, Routy JP, Tremblay C, Thomas R, Szabo J, Côté P, Trottier B, LeBlanc R, Rouleau D, Harris M, Dupuy FP, Bernard NF. Polyfunctional Fc Dependent Activity of Antibodies to Native Trimeric Envelope in HIV Elite Controllers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583820. [PMID: 33101312 PMCID: PMC7555699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody dependent (AD) functions such as AD cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were associated with lower viral load (VL) in untreated HIV progressors and protection from HIV infection in the modestly protective RV144 HIV vaccine trial. Target cells used to measure ADCC, AD complement deposition (ADCD), and AD cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) have been either HIV envelope (Env) gp120-coated CEM.NKr.CCR5 cells or HIV infected cell cultures. In HIV infected cell cultures, uninfected bystander cells take up gp120 shed from infected cells. Both gp120-coated and gp120+ bystander cells expose CD4 induced (CD4i) epitopes, which are normally hidden in native trimeric Env expressed by genuinely HIV infected cells since Nef and Vpu downmodulate cell surface CD4. Antibody dependent assays using either of these target cells probe for CD4i Abs that are abundant in HIV+ plasma but that do not recognize HIV-infected cells. Here, we examined ADCC, ADCD, and ADCT functions using a target cell line, sorted HIV-infected cell line cells, whose HIV infection frequency nears 100% and that expresses HIV Env in a native trimeric closed conformation. Using sorted HIV-infected cells (siCEM) as targets, we probed the binding and AD functions of anti-gp120/Env Abs in plasma from HIV-infected untreated progressor (UTP, n = 18) and treated (TP, n = 24) subjects, compared to that in Elite controllers (EC, n = 37) and Viral Controllers (VC, n = 16), which are rare subsets of HIV-infected individuals who maintain undetectable or low VL, respectively, without treatment. Gp120-coated beads were used to measure AD cellular phagocytosis. Equivalent concentrations of input IgG in plasma from UTPs, ECs, and VCs supported higher levels of all AD functions tested than plasma from TPs. When AD activities were normalized to the concentration of anti-gp120/Env-specific Abs, between-group differences largely disappeared. This finding suggests that the anti-gp120/Env Abs concentrations and not their potency determined AD functional levels in these assays. Elite controllers did differ from the other groups by having AD functions that were highly polyfunctional and highly correlated with each other. PCR measurement of HIV reservoir size showed that ADCC activity was higher in ECs and VCs with a reservoir size below the limit of detection compared to those having a measurable HIV reservoir size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Kant
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ningyu Zhang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Barbé
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Lille Henri Warembourg, Lille, France.,Ophthalmology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Départment de Microbiologie Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jason Szabo
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Clinique Médicale l'Actuel, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Rouleau
- Départment de Microbiologie Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franck P Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole F Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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50
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Featherstone A, Aiken C. SERINC5 Inhibits HIV-1 Infectivity by Altering the Conformation of gp120 on HIV-1 Particles. J Virol 2020; 94:e00594-20. [PMID: 32796070 PMCID: PMC7527050 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00594-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SERINC5 is a 10-transmembrane-domain cellular protein that is incorporated into budding HIV-1 particles and reduces HIV-1 infectivity by inhibiting virus-cell fusion. HIV-1 susceptibility to SERINC5 is determined by sequences in the viral Env glycoprotein gp120, and the antiviral effect of SERINC5 is counteracted by the viral accessory protein Nef. While the precise mechanism by which SERINC5 inhibits HIV-1 infectivity is unclear, previous studies have suggested that SERINC5 affects Env conformation. To define the effects of SERINC5 on Env conformation, we quantified the binding of HIV-1 particles to immobilized Env-specific monoclonal antibodies. We observed that SERINC5 reduced the binding of HIV-1 particles bearing a SERINC5-susceptible Env to antibodies that recognize the V3 loop, a soluble CD4 (sCD4)-induced epitope, and an N-linked glycan. In contrast, SERINC5 did not alter the capture of HIV-1 particles bearing the SERINC5-resistant Env protein. Moreover, the effect of SERINC5 on antibody-dependent virus capture was abrogated by Nef expression. Our results indicate that SERINC5 inhibits HIV-1 infectivity by altering the conformation of gp120 on virions and/or physical masking of specific HIV-1 Env epitopes.IMPORTANCE SERINC5 is a host cell protein that inhibits the infectivity of HIV-1 by a novel and poorly understood mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that the SERINC5 protein alters the conformation of the HIV-1 Env proteins and that this action is correlated with SERINC5's ability to inhibit HIV-1 infectivity. Defining the specific effects of SERINC5 on the HIV-1 glycoprotein conformation may be useful for designing new antiviral strategies targeting Env.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Featherstone
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher Aiken
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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