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Ivanova ON, Gavlina AV, Karpenko IL, Zenov MA, Antseva SS, Zakirova NF, Valuev-Elliston VT, Krasnov GS, Fedyakina IT, Vorobyev PO, Bartosch B, Kochetkov SN, Lipatova AV, Yanvarev DV, Ivanov AV. Polyamine Catabolism Revisited: Acetylpolyamine Oxidase Plays a Minor Role due to Low Expression. Cells 2024; 13:1134. [PMID: 38994986 PMCID: PMC11240330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines are ubiquitous compounds. Dysregulation of their metabolism is associated with the development of various pathologies, including cancer, hyperproliferative diseases, and infections. The canonical pathway of polyamine catabolism includes acetylation of spermine and spermidine and subsequent acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX)-mediated oxidation of acetylpolyamines (back-conversion) or their direct efflux from the cell. PAOX is considered to catalyze a non-rate-limiting catabolic step. Here, we show that PAOX transcription levels are extremely low in various tumor- and non-tumor cell lines and, in most cases, do not change in response to altered polyamine metabolism. Its enzymatic activity is undetectable in the majority of cell lines except for neuroblastoma and low passage glioblastoma cell lines. Treatment of A549 cells with N1,N11-diethylnorspermine leads to PAOX induction, but its contribution to polyamine catabolism remains moderate. We also describe two alternative enzyme isoforms and show that isoform 4 has diminished oxidase activity and isoform 2 is inactive. PAOX overexpression correlates with the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic antitumor drugs, indicating that PAOX may be a useful therapeutic target. Finally, PAOX is dispensable for the replication of various viruses. These data suggest that a decrease in polyamine levels is achieved predominantly by the secretion of acetylated spermine and spermidine rather than by back-conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Gavlina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin A Zenov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Antseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina T Fedyakina
- Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Russia, 132098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel O Vorobyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- The Lyon Hepatology Institute EVEREST, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Yanvarev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Zakirova NF, Khomich OA, Smirnova OA, Molle J, Duponchel S, Yanvarev DV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Monnier L, Grigorov B, Ivanova ON, Karpenko IL, Golikov MV, Bovet C, Rindlisbacher B, Khomutov AR, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Ivanov AV. Hepatitis C Virus Dysregulates Polyamine and Proline Metabolism and Perturbs the Urea Cycle. Cells 2024; 13:1036. [PMID: 38920664 PMCID: PMC11201506 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an oncogenic virus that causes chronic liver disease in more than 80% of patients. During the last decade, efficient direct-acting antivirals were introduced into clinical practice. However, clearance of the virus does not reduce the risk of end-stage liver diseases to the level observed in patients who have never been infected. So, investigation of HCV pathogenesis is still warranted. Virus-induced changes in cell metabolism contribute to the development of HCV-associated liver pathologies. Here, we studied the impact of the virus on the metabolism of polyamines and proline as well as on the urea cycle, which plays a crucial role in liver function. It was found that HCV strongly suppresses the expression of arginase, a key enzyme of the urea cycle, leading to the accumulation of arginine, and up-regulates proline oxidase with a concomitant decrease in proline concentrations. The addition of exogenous proline moderately suppressed viral replication. HCV up-regulated transcription but suppressed protein levels of polyamine-metabolizing enzymes. This resulted in a decrease in polyamine content in infected cells. Finally, compounds targeting polyamine metabolism demonstrated pronounced antiviral activity, pointing to spermine and spermidine as compounds affecting HCV replication. These data expand our understanding of HCV's imprint on cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F. Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Olga A. Khomich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Olga A. Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Jennifer Molle
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Sarah Duponchel
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Dmitry V. Yanvarev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Lea Monnier
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Olga N. Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Inna L. Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Mikhail V. Golikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Cedric Bovet
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (B.R.)
| | - Barbara Rindlisbacher
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.B.); (B.R.)
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69434 Lyon, France; (J.M.); (L.M.); (B.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.F.Z.); (O.A.K.); (O.A.S.); (D.V.Y.); (V.T.V.-E.); (O.N.I.); (I.L.K.); (M.V.G.); (A.R.K.); (S.N.K.)
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3
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Sinha S, Singh K, Ravi Kumar YS, Roy R, Phadnis S, Meena V, Bhattacharyya S, Verma B. Dengue virus pathogenesis and host molecular machineries. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:43. [PMID: 38649998 PMCID: PMC11036733 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are positive-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. DENV is the causative agent of dengue, the most rapidly spreading viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Each year, millions of people contract the virus through bites from infected female mosquitoes of the Aedes species. In the majority of individuals, the infection is asymptomatic, and the immune system successfully manages to control virus replication within a few days. Symptomatic individuals may present with a mild fever (Dengue fever or DF) that may or may not progress to a more critical disease termed Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or the fatal Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In the absence of a universally accepted prophylactic vaccine or therapeutic drug, treatment is mostly restricted to supportive measures. Similar to many other viruses that induce acute illness, DENV has developed several ways to modulate host metabolism to create an environment conducive to genome replication and the dissemination of viral progeny. To search for new therapeutic options, understanding the underlying host-virus regulatory system involved in various biological processes of the viral life cycle is essential. This review aims to summarize the complex interaction between DENV and the host cellular machinery, comprising regulatory mechanisms at various molecular levels such as epigenetic modulation of the host genome, transcription of host genes, translation of viral and host mRNAs, post-transcriptional regulation of the host transcriptome, post-translational regulation of viral proteins, and pathways involved in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kinjal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Y S Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Riya Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sushant Phadnis
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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4
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Qin C, Xie T, Yeh WW, Savas AC, Feng P. Metabolic Enzymes in Viral Infection and Host Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38257735 PMCID: PMC10820379 DOI: 10.3390/v16010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes are central players for cell metabolism and cell proliferation. These enzymes perform distinct functions in various cellular processes, such as cell metabolism and immune defense. Because viral infections inevitably trigger host immune activation, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to blunt or exploit the host immune response to enable viral replication. Meanwhile, viruses hijack key cellular metabolic enzymes to reprogram metabolism, which generates the necessary biomolecules for viral replication. An emerging theme arising from the metabolic studies of viral infection is that metabolic enzymes are key players of immune response and, conversely, immune components regulate cellular metabolism, revealing unexpected communication between these two fundamental processes that are otherwise disjointed. This review aims to summarize our present comprehension of the involvement of metabolic enzymes in viral infections and host immunity and to provide insights for potential antiviral therapy targeting metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Wu H, Huang XY, Sun MX, Wang Y, Zhou HY, Tian Y, He B, Li K, Li DY, Wu AP, Wang H, Qin CF. Zika virus targets human trophoblast stem cells and prevents syncytialization in placental trophoblast organoids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5541. [PMID: 37684223 PMCID: PMC10491779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy threatens pregnancy and fetal health. However, the infectivity and pathological effects of ZIKV on placental trophoblast progenitor cells in early human embryos remain largely unknown. Here, using human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), we demonstrated that hTSCs were permissive to ZIKV infection, and resistance to ZIKV increased with hTSC differentiation. Combining gene knockout and transcriptome analysis, we demonstrated that the intrinsic expression of AXL and TIM-1, and the absence of potent interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and IFNs contributed to the high sensitivity of hTSCs to ZIKV. Furthermore, using our newly developed hTSC-derived trophoblast organoid (hTSC-organoid), we demonstrated that ZIKV infection disrupted the structure of mature hTSC-organoids and inhibited syncytialization. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) further demonstrated that ZIKV infection of hTSC-organoids disrupted the stemness of hTSCs and the proliferation of cytotrophoblast cells (CTBs) and probably led to a preeclampsia (PE) phenotype. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that hTSCs represent the major target cells of ZIKV, and a reduced syncytialization may result from ZIKV infection of early developing placenta. These findings deepen our understanding of the characteristics and consequences of ZIKV infection of hTSCs in early human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Meng-Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Beijia He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - De-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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6
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Kamzeeva PN, Aralov AV, Alferova VA, Korshun VA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Antivirals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6851-6879. [PMID: 37623252 PMCID: PMC10453654 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a prospective class of antivirals due to known safety profiles, which are important for rapid repurposing in the fight against emerging pathogens. Recent improvements in research methods have revealed new unexpected details in the mechanisms of action of NAs that can pave the way for new approaches for the further development of effective drugs. This review accounts advanced techniques in viral polymerase targeting, new viral and host enzyme targeting approaches, and prodrug-based strategies for the development of antiviral NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.N.K.); (A.V.A.); (V.A.A.)
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7
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Ge L, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen W, Song G, Wang L. Experimental training in molecular pharmacology education based on drug-target interactions. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01118. [PMID: 37548279 PMCID: PMC10405239 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug development has been challenged by the dual drawbacks involving unpredictable disease outcomes and drug resistance, which has placed greater demands on pharmacology education. Molecular pharmacology, as a frontier crossover field of pharmacology, focuses on the research of new drugs and targets. However, due to the lack of a systematic experimental training system, molecular pharmacology has not made a corresponding contribution in promoting the training of innovative talent in pharmacology. We aim to establish an experimental training program suitable for molecular pharmacology to improve students' ability to engage in drug development in future. METHODS Based on the feasibility of drug-target projects, a comprehensive training program containing molecular docking, target stability experiment, and fluorescent probe detection of protein expression in living cells and mice was conducted among 20 pharmacy graduate students. The experimental training was assessed by the experimental training report and the student recognition questionnaires. RESULTS All 20 students mastered the experimental principles and operations required for the training program. The experimental reports proved that the students were in good command of the experimental principles, operations and applications. The results of the Likert questionnaire indicated that the training program promoted the understanding of the drug research process and increased motivation to learn. CONCLUSION The designed experimental training program has a positive effect on the training of pharmacology talents, and can be implemented as a part of molecular pharmacology education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Ge
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of PET/CT Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi'nanChina
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Junling Li
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi'nanChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong ProvinceJi'nanChina
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8
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Mastrodomenico V, LoMascolo NJ, Firpo MR, Villanueva Guzman MDM, Zaporowski A, Mounce BC. Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism. mSphere 2023:e0003623. [PMID: 37097178 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00036-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro, with rapid replication kinetics and pronounced cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can also establish a persistent infection in vivo that can lead to pathology, including dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. One model system to study persistent infection is the pancreatic ductal cell line PANC-1, which CVB3 infects and is maintained indefinitely. We have characterized this model for CVB3 infection to study persistent infection for over 6 months. We find that CVB3 rapidly replicates within PANC-1 cells without robust cytopathic effect, and after 1 month in culture, titers stabilize. We find that infection does not significantly affect cellular viability. Persistent virus reverts to lytic infection when transferred to Huh7 or Vero cells. We find that persistent CVB3 adapts to PANC-1 cells via mutation of its capsid proteins and, curiously, the viral polymerase (3Dpol) to generate a high-fidelity polymerase. Persistent infection is associated with reduced cleavage of eIF4G, reduced plaque size, and decreasing particle infectivity. We further find that polyamine metabolism is altered in persistently infected cells, with the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) reduced in translation. We further find that targeting polyamine synthesis reduces persistent infection without affecting the viability of the PANC-1 cells. Finally, we find that viral fidelity is essential to maintaining CVB3 infection, and targeting viral fidelity reduces persistent virus infection. Together, these data highlight a novel role for polyamines and fidelity in persistent CVB3 infection and suggest avenues for therapeutic development to target persistent infection. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease, including cardiomyopathies. Viruses like coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can cause tissue damage by lytically infecting cells; however, CVB3 can also persistently infect, which has been associated with several pathologies. Studying persistent infection in vitro is challenging, as CVB3 lytically infects most cellular model systems. Here, we show that CVB3 establishes persistent infection in pancreatic ductal cells in vitro, similar to prior studies on other coxsackieviruses. We also show that this infection results in adaptation of the virus to these cells, as well as changes to cellular metabolism of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mason R Firpo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Del Mar Villanueva Guzman
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Zaporowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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9
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Li C, Zhang W, Chang X, Di X, Xie Q, Lin B, Zhang H, Ye Z, Lan M, Lian J, Zhang H, Qiu X, Zeng J, Huang M. The upregulation of peripheral blood polyamine metabolites spermidine and spermine in children with hand, foot, mouth disease is related to enterovirus 71 capsid protein VP1, but not VP4. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:194-207. [PMID: 36891375 PMCID: PMC9986783 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral childhood illness caused most commonly by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16. The pathogenesis of EV71 has been extensively studied, and the regulation of the host immune response is suspected to aggravate the serious complications induced by EV71. Our previous research showed that EV71 infection significantly increased the release of circulating interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-27. Notably, these cytokines are related to the EV71 infection risk and clinical stage. Polyamines are compounds that are ubiquitous in mammalian cells and play a key role in various cellular processes. Several studies have shown that targeting polyamine metabolic pathways can reduce infections caused by viruses. However, the significance of polyamine metabolism in EV71 infection remains largely unknown. METHODS Serum samples from 82 children with HFMD and 70 healthy volunteers (HVs) were collected to determine the polyamine metabolites spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM), and IL-6 levels. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with EV71 viral protein 1 (VP1) and EV71 VP4, and the cells and supernatant were then collected to analyze the expression of polyamine metabolism-related enzymes by western blot. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7.0 software (USA). RESULTS The serum polyamine metabolites SPD and SPM were elevated in the HFMD patients, especially in the EV71-infected children. Further, a positive correlation was found between serum SPD and IL-6 levels in the EV71-infected children. We also found that the upregulation of peripheral blood polyamine metabolites in the EV71-infected HFMD children was related to EV71 capsid protein VP1, but not VP4. VP1 may promote the expression of polyamine metabolism-related enzymes and promote the production of polyamine metabolites, thereby upregulating the SPD/nuclear factor kappa B/IL-6 signaling pathway. However, VP4 has the opposite effect in this process. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EV71 capsid protein may regulate the polyamine metabolic pathways of infected cells in a variety of ways. This study provides insights into the mechanism of EV71 infection and polyamine metabolism and has good reference value for the development of EV71 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaodan Chang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaohua Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Minsheng Lan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiachun Lian
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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10
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Rojas-Luna L, Posadas-Modragón A, Avila-Trejo AM, Alcántara-Farfán V, Rodríguez-Páez LI, Santiago-Cruz JA, Pastor-Alonso MO, Aguilar-Faisal JL. Inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by N-ω-Chloroacetyl-L-Ornithine in C6/36, Vero cells and human fibroblast BJ. Antivir Ther 2023; 28:13596535231155263. [PMID: 36724136 DOI: 10.1177/13596535231155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamines are involved in several cellular processes and inhibiting their synthesis affects chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication and translation, and, therefore, reduces the quantity of infectious viral particles produced. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of CHIKV replication by N-ω-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine (NCAO), a competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme which is key in the biosynthesis of polyamines (PAs). METHODS The cytotoxicity of NCAO was evaluated by MTT in cell culture. The inhibitory effect of CHIKV replication by NCAO was evaluated in Vero and C6/36 cells. The intracellular polyamines were quantified by HPLC in CHIKV-infected cells. We evaluated the yield of CHIKV in titres via the addition of PAs in Vero, C6/36 cells and human fibroblast BJ treated with NCAO. RESULTS We found that NCAO inhibits the replication of CHIKV in Vero and C6/36 cells in a dose-dependent manner, causing a decrease in the PFU/mL of at least 4 logarithms (p < 0.01) in both cell lines. Viral yields were restored by the addition of exogenous polyamines, mainly putrescine. The HPLC analyses showed that NCAO decreases the content of intracellular PAs, even though it is predominantly spermidines and spermines which are present in infected cells. Inhibition of CHIKV replication was observed in human fibroblast BJ treated with 100 μM NCAO 24 h before and 48 h after the infection at a MOI 1. CONCLUSIONS NCAO inhibits CHIKV replication by depleting the intracellular polyamines in Vero, C6/36 cells and human fibroblast BJ, suggesting that this compound is a possible antiviral agent for CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Rojas-Luna
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Posadas-Modragón
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amanda M Avila-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, 61735Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Alcántara-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, 61735Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena I Rodríguez-Páez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, 61735Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Angel Santiago-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marvin O Pastor-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, 27740Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Cruz-Pulido YE, Mounce BC. Good cop, bad cop: Polyamines play both sides in host immunity and viral replication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 146:70-79. [PMID: 36604249 PMCID: PMC10101871 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses rely on host cells for energy and synthesis machinery required for genome replication and particle assembly. Due to the dependence of viruses on host cells, viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms by which they can induce metabolic changes in the host cell to suit their specific requirements. The host immune response also involves metabolic changes to be able to react to viral insult. Polyamines are small ubiquitously expressed polycations, and their metabolism is critical for viral replication and an adequate host immune response. This is due to the variety of functions that polyamines have, ranging from condensing DNA to enhancing the translation of polyproline-containing proteins through the hypusination of eIF5A. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms by which viruses exploit polyamines, as well as the mechanisms by which immune cells utilize polyamines for their functions. Furthermore, we highlight potential avenues for further study of the host-virus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA; Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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12
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Wang X, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhang L. Arm race between Rift Valley fever virus and host. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1084230. [PMID: 36618346 PMCID: PMC9813963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an emerging arbovirus within the Phenuiviridae family of Bunyavirales that has potential to cause severe diseases in both humans and livestock. It increases the incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants and leads to clinical manifestations like encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in humans. Upon virus invasion, the innate immune system from the cell or the organism is activated to produce interferon (IFN) and prevent virus proliferation. Meanwhile, RVFV initiates countermeasures to limit antiviral responses at transcriptional and protein levels. RVFV nonstructural proteins (NSs) are the key virulent factors that not only perform immune evasion but also impact the cell replication cycle and has cytopathic effects. In this review, we summarize the innate immunity host cells employ depending on IFN signal transduction pathways, as well as the immune evasion mechanisms developed by RVFV primarily with the inhibitory activity of NSs protein. Clarifying the arms race between host innate immunity and RVFV immune evasion provides new avenues for drug target screening and offers possible solutions to current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
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13
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Mastrodomenico V, LoMascolo NJ, Cruz-Pulido YE, Cunha CR, Mounce BC. Polyamine-Linked Cholesterol Incorporation in Rift Valley Fever Virus Particles Promotes Infectivity. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1439-1448. [PMID: 35786847 PMCID: PMC9549488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses rely on an array of cellular metabolites to replicate and form progeny virions. One set of these molecules, polyamines, are small aliphatic molecules, which are abundant in most cells, that support virus infection; however, the precise roles of polyamines in virus infection remain incompletely understood. Recent work demonstrated that polyamine metabolism supports cellular cholesterol synthesis through translation of the key transcription factor SREBP2. Here, we show that the bunyavirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) relies on both cholesterol and polyamines for virus infection. Depletion of cellular cholesterol or interruption of cholesterol trafficking negatively impacts RVFV infection. Cholesterol is incorporated into RVFV virions and mediates their infectivity in a polyamine-dependent manner; we find that the virus derived from polyamine-depleted cells lacks cholesterol within the virion membrane. Conversely, we find that virion-associated cholesterol is linked to the incorporation of spermidine within the virion. Our prior work demonstrated that polyamines facilitate pH-mediated fusion and genome release, which may be a consequence of cholesterol depletion within virions. Thus, our work highlights the metabolic connection between polyamines and cholesterol synthesis to impact bunyavirus infection. These data demonstrate the connectedness between cellular metabolic pathways and reveal potential avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Christina R Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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14
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Seoane R, Llamas-González YY, Vidal S, El Motiam A, Bouzaher YH, Fonseca D, Farrás R, García-Sastre A, González-Santamaría J, Rivas C. eIF5A is activated by virus infection or dsRNA and facilitates virus replication through modulation of interferon production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:960138. [PMID: 35967877 PMCID: PMC9363599 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.960138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Active hypusine-modified initiation elongation factor 5A is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation, embryonic development, and innate immune response of macrophages to bacterial infection. Here, we demonstrate that both virus infection and double-stranded RNA viral mimic stimulation induce the hypusination of eIF5A. Furthermore, we show that activation of eIF5A is essential for the replication of several RNA viruses including influenza A virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, chikungunya virus, mayaro virus, una virus, zika virus, and punta toro virus. Finally, our data reveal that inhibition of eIF5A hypusination using the spermidine analog GC7 or siRNA-mediated downmodulation of eIF5A1 induce upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins and trigger the transcriptional induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes, mechanisms that may explain the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of eIF5A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Seoane
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yessica Y. Llamas-González
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá, Panama
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ahmed El Motiam
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yanis Hichem Bouzaher
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Danae Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosa Farrás
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - José González-Santamaría
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá, Panama
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Rivas,
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15
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Farache D, Liu L, Lee ASY. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A2 Regulates Expression of Antiviral Genes. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167564. [PMID: 35358571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Translation factors are essential for regulation of protein synthesis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) family is made up of two paralogues - eIF5A1 and eIF5A2 - which display high sequence homology but distinct tissue tropism. While eIF5A1 directly binds to the ribosome and regulates translation initiation, elongation, and termination, the molecular function of eIF5A2 remains poorly understood. Here, we engineer an eIF5A2 knockout allele in the SW480 colon cancer cell line. Using ribosome profiling and RNA-Sequencing, we reveal that eIF5A2 is functionally distinct from eIF5A1 and does not regulate transcript-specific or global protein synthesis. Instead, eIF5A2 knockout leads to decreased intrinsic antiviral gene expression, including members of the IFITM and APOBEC3 family. Furthermore, cells lacking eIF5A2 display increased permissiveness to virus infection. Our results uncover eIF5A2 as a factor involved regulating the antiviral transcriptome, and reveal an example of how gene duplications of translation factors can result in proteins with distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Farache
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luochen Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy S Y Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Jia D, Liu H, Zhang J, Wan W, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wei T. Polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are activated to promote the proper assembly of rice stripe mosaic virus in insect vectors. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:10. [PMID: 37676339 PMCID: PMC10441986 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Both viruses and host cells compete for intracellular polyamines for efficient propagation. Currently, how the key polyamine-metabolizing enzymes, including ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antizyme 1 (OAZ1), are activated to co-ordinate viral propagation and polyamine biosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we report that the matrix protein of rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a cytorhabdovirus, directly hijacks OAZ1 to ensure the proper assembly of rigid bacilliform non-enveloped virions in leafhopper vector. Viral matrix protein effectively competes with ODC1 to bind to OAZ1, and thus, the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1 is significantly inhibited during viral propagation, which finally promotes polyamines production. Thus, OAZ1 and ODC1 are activated to synergistically promote viral persistent propagation and polyamine biosynthesis in viruliferous vectors. Our data suggest that it is a novel mechanism for rhabdovirus to exploit OAZ1 for facilitating viral assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Wan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Xie H, Ai Q, Tong T, Liao M, Fan H. PEDV infection affects the expression of polyamine-related genes inhibiting viral proliferation. Virus Res 2022; 312:198708. [PMID: 35151773 PMCID: PMC8830936 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alpha-coronavirus that causes epidemic diarrhea in swines. The mortality of PEDV infection in one-week-old piglets is extremely high, which causes a huge significant economic loss to the global pig husbandry and blocks its healthy development. There was a lack of adequate studies to elucidate pathogenic mechanism associated with PEDV infection. In the present study, we detected the expression profiles of polyamine metabolism associated genes in Vero cells infected with PEDV by RT-qPCR. It is shown that PAOX(acetylpolyamine oxidase), SMOX(spermine oxidase), SAT1(spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1), ODC1(ornithine decarboxylase 1), DHPS(deoxyhypusine synthase) and EIF5A( eukaryotic initiation factor 5A) were significantly upregulated. Through intervening SAT1 level in PEDV-infected Vero cells, it is identified that overexpression of SAT1 inhibited PEDV replication by reducing polyamine levels. Furthermore, polyamine depletion and upregulation were found to regulate the proliferation of PEDV. PEDV infection in Vero cells did not result in a significant change in the protein level of eIF5A, and in addition, the activated eIF5A did not affect the proliferation of PEDV. Our results provided new insights into the influence of polyamine metabolism on the proliferation of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangao Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Abookleesh FL, Al-Anzi BS, Ullah A. Potential Antiviral Action of Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:903. [PMID: 35164173 PMCID: PMC8839337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and outbreaks have become a major concern and are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of successful antiviral therapeutics and vaccines remains a daunting challenge. The discovery of novel antiviral agents is a public health emergency, and extraordinary efforts are underway globally to identify safe and effective treatments for different viral diseases. Alkaloids are natural phytochemicals known for their biological activities, many of which have been intensively studied for their broad-spectrum of antiviral activities against different DNA and RNA viruses. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of the antiviral activity of plant alkaloids at half-maximum effective concentration (EC50) or half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 10 μM and describe the molecular sites most often targeted by natural alkaloids acting against different virus families. This review highlights that considering the devastating effects of virus pandemics on humans, plants, and animals, the development of high efficiency and low-toxicity antiviral drugs targeting these viruses need to be developed. Furthermore, it summarizes the current research status of alkaloids as the source of antiviral drug development, their structural characteristics, and antiviral targets. Overall, the influence of alkaloids at the molecular level suggests a high degree of specificity which means they could serve as potent and safe antiviral agents waiting for evaluation and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frage L. Abookleesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Bader S. Al-Anzi
- Department of Environment Technologies and Management, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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19
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Barba-Aliaga M, Alepuz P. Role of eIF5A in Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1284. [PMID: 35163207 PMCID: PMC8835957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds ribosomes to facilitate the translation of peptide motifs with consecutive prolines or combinations of prolines with glycine and charged amino acids. It has also been linked to other molecular functions and cellular processes, such as nuclear mRNA export and mRNA decay, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The growing interest in eIF5A relates to its association with the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, viral infection, and diabetes. It has also been proposed as an anti-aging factor: its levels decay in aged cells, whereas increasing levels of active eIF5A result in the rejuvenation of the immune and vascular systems and improved brain cognition. Recent data have linked the role of eIF5A in some pathologies with its function in maintaining healthy mitochondria. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A is upregulated under respiratory metabolism and its deficiency reduces oxygen consumption, ATP production, and the levels of several mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, as well as altering mitochondria dynamics. However, although all the accumulated data strongly link eIF5A to mitochondrial function, the precise molecular role and mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this review, we discuss the findings linking eIF5A and mitochondria, speculate about its role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, and highlight its potential as a target in diseases related to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
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20
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Battisti V, Urban E, Langer T. Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1307. [PMID: 34372513 PMCID: PMC8310245 DOI: 10.3390/v13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (E.U.)
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21
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Lesnova EI, Masalova OV, Permyakova KY, Kozlov VV, Nikolaeva TN, Pronin AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine Potentiate Immune Response in Mice to the Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136892. [PMID: 34206987 PMCID: PMC8268280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main triggers of chronic liver disease. Despite tremendous progress in the HCV field, there is still no vaccine against this virus. Potential vaccines can be based on its recombinant proteins. To increase the humoral and, especially, cellular immune response to them, more effective adjuvants are needed. Here, we evaluated a panel of compounds as potential adjuvants using the HCV NS5B protein as an immunogen. These compounds included inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and urea cycle, the mTOR pathway, antioxidants, and cellular receptors. A pronounced stimulation of cell proliferation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion in response to concanavalin A was shown for antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 (CpG). Their usage during the immunization of mice with the recombinant NS5B protein significantly increased antibody titers, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production. NAC and CpG decreased relative Treg numbers; CpG increased the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whereas neither NAC nor DFMO affected MDSC counts. NAC and DFMO suppressed NO and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production by splenocytes, while DFMO increased the levels of IL-12. This is the first evidence of immunomodulatory activity of NAC and DFMO during prophylactic immunization against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (A.V.I.); Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49 (O.V.M.); +7-199-135-60-65 (A.V.I.)
| | - Kristina Yu. Permyakova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology—MVA by K.I. Skryabin”, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kozlov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Nikolaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Pronin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (A.V.I.); Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49 (O.V.M.); +7-199-135-60-65 (A.V.I.)
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (K.Y.P.); (V.V.K.); (T.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
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22
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Firpo MR, Mastrodomenico V, Hawkins GM, Prot M, Levillayer L, Gallagher T, Simon-Loriere E, Mounce BC. Targeting Polyamines Inhibits Coronavirus Infection by Reducing Cellular Attachment and Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1423-1432. [PMID: 32966040 PMCID: PMC7539557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses first garnered widespread attention in 2002 when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged from bats in China and rapidly spread in human populations. Since then, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged and still actively infects humans. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the resulting disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID19) have rapidly and catastrophically spread and highlighted significant limitations to our ability to control and treat infection. Thus, a basic understanding of entry and replication mechanisms of coronaviruses is necessary to rationally evaluate potential antivirals. Here, we show that polyamines, small metabolites synthesized in human cells, facilitate coronavirus replication and the depletion of polyamines with FDA-approved molecules significantly reduces coronavirus replication. We find that diverse coronaviruses, including endemic and epidemic coronaviruses, exhibit reduced attachment and entry into polyamine-depleted cells. We further demonstrate that several molecules targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway are antiviral in vitro. In sum, our data suggest that polyamines are critical to coronavirus replication and represent a highly promising drug target in the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R. Firpo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Grant M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laura Levillayer
- Functional Genetics of Infectious diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thomas Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | | | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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23
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Quan J, Zhang X, Ding Y, Li S, Qiu Y, Wang R, Zhou X. Cucurbit[7]uril as a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Diverse RNA Viruses. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1165-1176. [PMID: 34037947 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Polyamines are positively-charged small molecules required for the infectivity of a wide range of RNA viruses, therefore may become good antiviral targets. Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), a synthetic macrocyclic molecule, which can bind with amine-based organic compounds with high affinity, has been shown to regulate bioactive molecules through competitive binding. In this study, we tested the antiviral activity of CB[7] against diverse RNA viruses, including a panel of enteroviruses (i.e. human enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus A16, coxsackievirus B3, and echovirus 11), some flaviviruses (i.e. dengue virus and Zika virus), and an alphavirus representative Semliki forest virus. CB[7] can inhibit virus replications in a variety of cell lines, and its mechanism of action is through the competitive binding with polyamines. Our findings not only for the first time provide evidence that CB[7] can be a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent, but more importantly, offer a novel therapeutic strategy to fight against RNA viruses by supramolecular sequestration of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yuanfu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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24
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Bojarska J, New R, Borowiecki P, Remko M, Breza M, Madura ID, Fruziński A, Pietrzak A, Wolf WM. The First Insight Into the Supramolecular System of D,L-α-Difluoromethylornithine: A New Antiviral Perspective. Front Chem 2021; 9:679776. [PMID: 34055746 PMCID: PMC8155678 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a powerful approach in the fight against diverse viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, eflornithine) is the best-known inhibitor of ODC and a broad-spectrum, unique therapeutical agent. Nevertheless, its pharmacokinetic profile is not perfect, especially when large doses are required in antiviral treatment. This article presents a holistic study focusing on the molecular and supramolecular structure of DFMO and the design of its analogues toward the development of safer and more effective formulations. In this context, we provide the first deep insight into the supramolecular system of DFMO supplemented by a comprehensive, qualitative and quantitative survey of non-covalent interactions via Hirshfeld surface, molecular electrostatic potential, enrichment ratio and energy frameworks analysis visualizing 3-D topology of interactions in order to understand the differences in the cooperativity of interactions involved in the formation of either basic or large synthons (Long-range Synthon Aufbau Modules, LSAM) at the subsequent levels of well-organized supramolecular self-assembly, in comparison with the ornithine structure. In the light of the drug discovery, supramolecular studies of amino acids, essential constituents of proteins, are of prime importance. In brief, the same amino-carboxy synthons are observed in the bio-system containing DFMO. DFT calculations revealed that the biological environment changes the molecular structure of DFMO only slightly. The ADMET profile of structural modifications of DFMO and optimization of its analogue as a new promising drug via molecular docking are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Ecological and Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roger New
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paweł Borowiecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Martin Breza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Izabela D. Madura
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Fruziński
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Ecological and Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Ecological and Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Ecological and Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Canzano P, Brambilla M, Porro B, Cosentino N, Tortorici E, Vicini S, Poggio P, Cascella A, Pengo MF, Veglia F, Fiorelli S, Bonomi A, Cavalca V, Trabattoni D, Andreini D, Omodeo Salè E, Parati G, Tremoli E, Camera M. Platelet and Endothelial Activation as Potential Mechanisms Behind the Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19 Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:202-218. [PMID: 33649738 PMCID: PMC7904280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors hypothesized that the cytokine storm described in COVID-19 patients may lead to consistent cell-based tissue factor (TF)-mediated activation of coagulation, procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) release, and massive platelet activation. COVID-19 patients have higher levels of TF+ platelets, TF+ granulocytes, and TF+ MVs than healthy subjects and coronary artery disease patients. Plasma MV-associated thrombin generation is present in prophylactic anticoagulated patients. A sustained platelet activation in terms of P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and altered nitric oxide/prostacyclin synthesis are also observed. COVID-19 plasma, added to the blood of healthy subjects, induces platelet activation similar to that observed in vivo. This effect was blunted by pre-incubation with tocilizumab, aspirin, or a P2Y12 inhibitor.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- GPA, granulocyte–platelet aggregates
- HS, healthy subject
- IL, interleukin
- IL-6
- IL-6R, interleukin-6 receptor
- LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin
- MPA, monocyte–platelet aggregates
- MV, microvesicle
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- PGI2, prostacyclin
- PLA, platelet–leukocyte aggregates
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2
- TF, tissue factor
- antiplatelet drugs
- circulating microvesicles
- platelet activation
- tissue factor
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Hulsebosch BM, Mounce BC. Polyamine Analog Diethylnorspermidine Restricts Coxsackievirus B3 and Is Overcome by 2A Protease Mutation In Vitro. Viruses 2021; 13:310. [PMID: 33669273 PMCID: PMC7920041 DOI: 10.3390/v13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are pervasive pathogens that cause significant disease, including cardiomyopathies. Unfortunately, no treatments or vaccines are available for infected individuals. We identified the host polyamine pathway as a potential drug target, as inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis significantly reduces enterovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that CVB3 is sensitive to polyamine depletion through the polyamine analog diethylnorspermidine (DENSpm), which enhances polyamine catabolism through induction of polyamine acetylation. We demonstrate that CVB3 acquires resistance to DENSpm via mutation of the 2A protease, which enhances proteolytic activity in the presence of DENSpm. Resistance to DENSpm occurred via mutation of a non-catalytic site mutation and results in decreased fitness. These data demonstrate that potential for targeting polyamine catabolism as an antiviral target as well as highlight a potential mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Hulsebosch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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27
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Zhang XF, Zeng T, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang H, Lin H, Wang Z, Wei T. Rice yellow stunt virus activates polyamine biosynthesis to promote viral propagation in insect vectors by disrupting ornithine decarboxylase antienzyme function. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1522-1532. [PMID: 33452997 PMCID: PMC7811333 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) have emerged as important molecules for viral infection; however, how viruses activate polyamines biosynthesis to promote viral infection remains unclear. Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antienzyme 1 (OAZ1) are major regulators of polyamine biosynthesis in animal cells. Here, we report that rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a plant rhabdovirus, could activate putrescine biosynthesis in leafhoppers to promote viral propagation by inhibiting OAZ1 expression. We observed that the reduction of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with difluormethylornithine (DFMO), a specific nontoxic inhibitor of ODC1, or with in vitro synthesized dsRNAs targeting ODC1 mRNA could inhibit viral infection. In contrast, the supplement of putrescine or the increase of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with dsRNAs targeting OAZ1 mRNA could facilitate viral infection. We further determined that both RYSV matrix protein M and ODC1 directly bind to the ODC-binding domain at the C-terminus of OAZ1. Thus, viral propagation in leafhoppers would decrease the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1, which finally activates putrescine production to benefit viral propagation. This work reveals that polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are directly exploited by a vector-borne virus to increase polyamine production, thereby facilitating viral infection in insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianbao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuemin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Huang M, Zhang W, Chen H, Zeng J. Targeting Polyamine Metabolism for Control of Human Viral Diseases. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4335-4346. [PMID: 33293837 PMCID: PMC7718961 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s262024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus is an infectious particle which generally contains nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA inside a protein shell), except for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viruses have to reproduce by infecting their host cells. Polyamines are ubiquitous compounds in mammalian cells and play key roles in various cellular processes. The metabolic pathways of polyamines have been well studied. Targeting these metabolic pathways can reduce infections caused by viruses. In the study, we systematically reviewed the association of polyamine metabolic pathways and viruses including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), enterovirus 71 (EV71), poliovirus (PV), Zika virus (ZKV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), marburgvirus (MARV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), sindbis virus (SINV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Rabies virus (RABV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), La Crosse virus (LACV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). This review revealed that targeting polyamine metabolic pathways may be a potential approach to control human viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan523808, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong524023, People’s Republic of China
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Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus: Mechanisms of Action and Antiviral Drug Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01788-20. [PMID: 32928738 PMCID: PMC7674028 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01788-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has spread to more than 60 countries worldwide. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by long-lasting and debilitating joint and muscle pain. CHIKV can cause large-scale epidemics with high attack rates, which substantiates the need for development of effective therapeutics suitable for outbreak containment. In this review, we highlight the different strategies used for developing CHIKV small-molecule inhibitors, ranging from high-throughput cell-based screening to in silico screens and enzymatic assays with purified viral proteins. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has spread to more than 60 countries worldwide. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterized by long-lasting and debilitating joint and muscle pain. CHIKV can cause large-scale epidemics with high attack rates, which substantiates the need for development of effective therapeutics suitable for outbreak containment. In this review, we highlight the different strategies used for developing CHIKV small-molecule inhibitors, ranging from high-throughput cell-based screening to in silico screens and enzymatic assays with purified viral proteins. We further discuss the current status of the most promising molecules, including in vitro and in vivo findings. In particular, we focus on describing host and/or viral targets, mode of action, and mechanisms of antiviral drug resistance and associated mutations. Knowledge of the key molecular determinants of drug resistance will aid selection of the most promising antiviral agent(s) for clinical use. For these reasons, we also summarize the available information about drug-resistant phenotypes in Aedes mosquito vectors. From this review, it is evident that more of the active molecules need to be evaluated in preclinical and clinical models to address the current lack of antiviral treatment for CHIKF.
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Zhou Y, Hou Z, Fang L, Ke Q, Xiong Y, Fang P, Xiao S. Polyamine regulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection depends on spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108839. [PMID: 33002680 PMCID: PMC7501835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of polyamine synthesis suppresses PRRSV proliferation. PRRSV infection relies on spermidine and spermine. PRRSV decreases the levels of intracellular polyamines. PRRSV infection increases the mRNA level of SAT1. SAT1 inhibits PRRSV propagation.
Like obligate intracellular parasites, viruses co-opt host cell resources to establish productive infections. Polyamines are key aliphatic molecules that perform important roles in cellular growth and proliferation. They are also needed for the successful multiplication of various viruses. Little is known about the effects of polyamines on Arteriviridae infections. Here, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an economically prominent porcine virus, was used to investigate virus–polyamine interactions. We found that PRRSV infection significantly downregulated the levels of cellular polyamines. Using an inhibitor or specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of ornithine decarboxylase 1, a key anabolic enzyme involved in the classical de novo biosynthesis of polyamines, we found that polyamine depletion abrogated PRRSV proliferation, and this effect was recoverable by adding exogenous spermidine and spermine, but not putrescine to the cells, suggesting that the host inhibits polyamine biosynthesis to restrict PRRSV proliferation. Further analysis revealed that the expression level of spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), a catabolic enzyme that reduces spermidine and spermine levels, was upregulated during PRRSV infection, but conversely, SAT1 had an inhibitory effect on PRRSV reproduction. Our data show that polyamines are important molecules during PRRSV-host interactions, and polyamines and their biosynthetic pathways are potential therapeutic targets against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiyun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Tate PM, Mastrodomenico V, Mounce BC. Ribavirin Induces Polyamine Depletion via Nucleotide Depletion to Limit Virus Replication. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2620-2633.e4. [PMID: 31484073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common antivirals include nucleoside or nucleotide analogs with base prodrugs. The antiviral ribavirin, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nucleoside antimetabolite, halts guanine production, mutagenizes viral genomes, and activates interferon signaling. Here, we find that ribavirin induces spermidine-spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), a polyamine catabolic enzyme. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules involved in cellular functions such as transcription and translation. Previous work showed that SAT1 activation and polyamine depletion interfere with RNA virus replication. We show ribavirin depletes polyamines via SAT1, in conjunction with its known mechanisms. SAT1 transcripts, protein, and activity are induced in a dose-dependent manner, which depletes polyamine levels and reduces viral titers. Inhibition of SAT1 activity, pharmacologically or genetically, reduces ribavirin's effectiveness against three virus infection models. Additionally, ribavirin-mediated polyamine depletion results from nucleotide pool depletion. These data demonstrate another mechanism of ribavirin that inform its clinical effectiveness, which may provide insight for improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Mastrodomenico V, Esin JJ, Qazi S, Khomutov MA, Ivanov AV, Mukhopadhyay S, Mounce BC. Virion-Associated Polyamines Transmit with Bunyaviruses to Maintain Infectivity and Promote Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2490-2501. [PMID: 32687697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses require host cell metabolites to productively infect, and the mechanisms by which viruses usurp these molecules are diverse. One group of cellular metabolites important in virus infection is the polyamines, small positively charged molecules involved in cell cycle, translation, and nucleic acid metabolism, among other cellular functions. Polyamines support replication of diverse viruses, and they are important for processes such as transcription, translation, and viral protein enzymatic activity. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative and ambisense RNA virus that requires polyamines to produce infectious particles. In polyamine depleted conditions, noninfectious particles are produced that interfere with virus replication and stimulate immune signaling. Here, we find that RVFV relies on virion-associated polyamines to maintain infectivity and enhance viral entry. We show that RVFV replication is facilitated by a limited set of polyamines and that spermidine and closely related molecules associate with purified virions and transmit from cell to cell during infection. Virion-associated spermidine maintains virion infectivity, as virions devoid of polyamines rapidly lose infectivity and are temperature sensitive. Further, virions without polyamines bind to cells but exhibit a defect in entry, requiring more acidic conditions than virions containing spermidine. These data highlight a unique role for polyamines, and spermidine particularly, to maintain virus infectivity. Further, these studies are the first to identify polyamines associated with RVFV virions. Targeting polyamines represents a promising antiviral strategy, and this work highlights a new mechanism by which we can inhibit virus replication through FDA-approved polyamine depleting pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Esin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Shefah Qazi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maxim A. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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Abstract
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant viruses. Recent genome-wide approaches, such as those employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or those using small molecule chemical inhibitors targeting the cellular "kinome," have been used successfully to identify cellular factors that can support virus replication. Since some of these cellular factors are critical for virus replication, but are dispensable for the host, they can serve as novel targets for antiviral drug development. In addition, potentiation of immune responses, regulation of cytokine storms, and modulation of epigenetic changes upon virus infections are also feasible approaches to control infections. Because it is less likely that viruses will mutate to replace missing cellular functions, the chance of generating drug-resistant mutants with host-targeted inhibitor approaches is minimized. However, drug resistance against some host-directed agents can, in fact, occur under certain circumstances, such as long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral agent that can allow the virus the opportunity to adapt to use an alternate host factor or to alter its affinity toward the target that confers resistance. This review describes novel approaches for antiviral drug development with a focus on host-directed therapies and the potential mechanisms that may account for the acquisition of antiviral drug resistance against host-directed agents.
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Firpo MR, Mounce BC. Diverse Functions of Polyamines in Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E628. [PMID: 32325677 PMCID: PMC7226272 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells for the building blocks of progeny viruses. Metabolites such as amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids are central to viral proteins, genomes, and envelopes, and the availability of these molecules can restrict or promote infection. Polyamines, comprised of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in mammalian cells, are also critical for virus infection. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules that function in transcription, translation, and cell cycling. Initial work on the function of polyamines in bacteriophage infection illuminated these molecules as critical to virus infection. In the decades since early virus-polyamine descriptions, work on diverse viruses continues to highlight a role for polyamines in viral processes, including genome packaging and viral enzymatic activity. On the host side, polyamines function in the response to virus infection. Thus, viruses and hosts compete for polyamines, which are a critical resource for both. Pharmacologically targeting polyamines, tipping the balance to favor the host and restrict virus replication, holds significant promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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Mao B, Wang Z, Pi S, Long Q, Chen K, Cui J, Huang A, Hu Y. Difluoromethylornithine, a Decarboxylase 1 Inhibitor, Suppresses Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Reducing HBc Protein Levels. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:158. [PMID: 32373551 PMCID: PMC7176913 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are limited to Interferon-alpha or the nucleos(t)ide analogs antiviral therapies, and it is crucial to develop and define new antiviral drugs to cure HBV. In this study, we explored the anti-HBV effect of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversibly inhibitor of decarboxylase 1(ODC1) on HBV replication. Firstly, we found that polyamines contributed to HBV DNA replication via increasing levels of the HBV core protein (HBc) and capsids. In contrast, depletion of polyamines either by silencing the expression of ODC1 or DFMO treatment, resulted in decreasing viral DNA replication and levels of HBc protein and capsids. Furthermore, we found that DFMO decreased the stability of the HBc protein without affecting mRNA transcription and protein translation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DFMO inhibits HBV replication by reducing HBc stability and this may provide a new approach for HBV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binli Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sidie Pi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lercher A, Bhattacharya A, Popa AM, Caldera M, Schlapansky MF, Baazim H, Agerer B, Gürtl B, Kosack L, Májek P, Brunner JS, Vitko D, Pinter T, Genger JW, Orlova A, Pikor N, Reil D, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Kalinke U, Ludewig B, Moriggl R, Bennett KL, Menche J, Cheng PN, Schabbauer G, Trauner M, Klavins K, Bergthaler A. Type I Interferon Signaling Disrupts the Hepatic Urea Cycle and Alters Systemic Metabolism to Suppress T Cell Function. Immunity 2019; 51:1074-1087.e9. [PMID: 31784108 PMCID: PMC6926485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz F Schlapansky
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gürtl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theresa Pinter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Reil
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvár-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul N Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Polyamine Depletion Abrogates Enterovirus Cellular Attachment. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01054-19. [PMID: 31341056 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01054-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic molecules with flexible carbon chains that are found in all eukaryotic cells. Polyamines are involved in the regulation of many host processes and have been shown to be implicated in viral replication. Depletion of polyamine pools in cells treated with FDA-approved drugs restricts replication of diverse RNA viruses. Viruses can exploit host polyamines to facilitate nucleic acid packaging, transcription, and translation, but other mechanisms remain largely unknown. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to the depletion of polyamines and remain a significant public health threat. We employed CVB3 as a model system to investigate a potential proviral role for polyamines using a forward screen. Passaging CVB3 in polyamine-depleted cells generated a mutation in capsid protein VP3 at residue 234. We show that this mutation confers resistance to polyamine depletion. Through attachment assays, we demonstrate that polyamine depletion limits CVB3 attachment to susceptible cells, which is rescued by incubating virus with polyamines. Furthermore, the capsid mutant rescues this inhibition in polyamine-depleted cells. More divergent viruses also exhibited reduced attachment to polyamine-depleted cells, suggesting that polyamines may facilitate attachment of diverse RNA viruses. These studies inform additional mechanisms of action for polyamine-depleting pharmaceuticals, with implications for potential antiviral therapies.IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease. These viruses rely on polyamines, small positively charged molecules, for robust replication, and polyamine depletion limits infection in vitro and in vivo The mechanisms by which polyamines enhance enteroviral replication are unknown. Here, we describe how Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) utilizes polyamines to attach to susceptible cells and initiate infection. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified a mutation in a receptor-binding amino acid that promotes infection of polyamine-depleted cells. These data suggest that pharmacologically inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis may combat virus infection by preventing virus attachment to susceptible cells.
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Therapeutic Advances Against ZIKV: A Quick Response, a Long Way to Go. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030127. [PMID: 31480297 PMCID: PMC6789873 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that spread throughout the American continent in 2015 causing considerable worldwide social and health alarm due to its association with ocular lesions and microcephaly in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases in adults. Nowadays, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available against ZIKV, and thus, in this very short time, the scientific community has conducted enormous efforts to develop vaccines and antivirals. So that, different platforms (purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, DNA and RNA nucleic acid based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses) have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. Overall, these vaccines have shown the induction of vigorous humoral and cellular responses, the decrease of viremia and viral RNA levels in natural target organs, the prevention of vertical and sexual transmission, as well as that of ZIKV-associated malformations, and the protection of experimental animal models. Some of these vaccine candidates have already been assayed in clinical trials. Likewise, the search for antivirals have also been the focus of recent investigations, with dozens of compounds tested in cell culture and a few in animal models. Both direct acting antivirals (DAAs), directed to viral structural proteins and enzymes, and host acting antivirals (HAAs), directed to cellular factors affecting all steps of the viral life cycle (binding, entry, fusion, transcription, translation, replication, maturation, and egress), have been evaluated. It is expected that this huge collaborative effort will produce affordable and effective therapeutic and prophylactic tools to combat ZIKV and other related still unknown or nowadays neglected flaviviruses. Here, a comprehensive overview of the advances made in the development of therapeutic measures against ZIKV and the questions that still have to be faced are summarized.
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Polyamine Depletion Inhibits Bunyavirus Infection via Generation of Noninfectious Interfering Virions. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00530-19. [PMID: 31043534 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00530-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several host and viral processes contribute to forming infectious virions. Polyamines are small host molecules that play diverse roles in viral replication. We previously demonstrated that polyamines are crucial for RNA viruses; however, the mechanisms by which polyamines function remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of polyamines in the replication of the bunyaviruses Rift Valley fever virus (vaccine strain MP-12) and La Crosse virus (LACV). We found that polyamine depletion did not impact viral RNA or protein accumulation, despite significant decreases in titer. Viral particles demonstrated no change in morphology, size, or density. Thus, polyamine depletion promotes the formation of noninfectious particles. These particles interfere with virus replication and stimulate innate immune responses. We extended this phenotype to Zika virus; however, coxsackievirus did not similarly produce noninfectious particles. In sum, polyamine depletion results in the accumulation of noninfectious particles that interfere with replication and stimulate immune signaling, with important implications for targeting polyamines therapeutically, as well as for vaccine strategies.IMPORTANCE Bunyaviruses are emerging viral pathogens that cause encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers, and meningitis. We have uncovered that diverse bunyaviruses require polyamines for productive infection. Polyamines are small, positively charged host-derived molecules that play diverse roles in human cells and in infection. In polyamine-depleted cells, bunyaviruses produce an overabundance of noninfectious particles that are indistinguishable from infectious particles. However, these particles interfere with productive infection and stimulate antiviral signaling pathways. We further find that additional enveloped viruses are similarly sensitive to polyamine depletion but that a nonenveloped enterovirus is not. We posit that polyamines are required to maintain bunyavirus infectivity and that polyamine depletion results in the accumulation of interfering noninfectious particles that limit infectivity. These results highlight a novel means by which bunyaviruses use polyamines for replication and suggest promising means to target host polyamines to reduce virus replication.
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Dial CN, Tate PM, Kicmal TM, Mounce BC. Coxsackievirus B3 Responds to Polyamine Depletion via Enhancement of 2A and 3C Protease Activity. Viruses 2019; 11:E403. [PMID: 31052199 PMCID: PMC6563312 DOI: 10.3390/v11050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small positively-charged molecules abundant in eukaryotic cells that are crucial to RNA virus replication. In eukaryotic cells, polyamines facilitate processes such as transcription, translation, and DNA replication, and viruses similarly rely on polyamines to facilitate transcription and translation. Whether polyamines function at additional stages in viral replication remains poorly understood. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to polyamine depletion both in vitro and in vivo; however, precisely how polyamine function in picornavirus infection has not been described. Here, we describe CVB3 mutants that arise with passage in polyamine-depleted conditions. We observe mutations in the 2A and 3C proteases, and we find that these mutant proteases confer resistance to polyamine depletion. Using a split luciferase reporter system to measure protease activity, we determined that polyamines facilitate viral protease activity. We further observe that the 2A and 3C protease mutations enhance reporter protease activity in polyamine-depleted conditions. Finally, we find that these mutations promote cleavage of cellular eIF4G during infection of polyamine-depleted cells. In sum, our results suggest that polyamines are crucial to protease function during picornavirus infection. Further, these data highlight viral proteases as potential antiviral targets and highlight how CVB3 may overcome polyamine-depleting antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Dial
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick M Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Thomas M Kicmal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Ianevski A, Andersen PI, Merits A, Bjørås M, Kainov D. Expanding the activity spectrum of antiviral agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1224-1228. [PMID: 30980905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs) are agents that inhibit replication of several human viruses. Here, we review 108 approved, investigational, and experimental BSAs, for which safety profiles in humans are available. The most effective and tolerable BSAs could reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway
| | - Petter I Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0027, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
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Li CC, Wang XJ, Wang HCR. Repurposing host-based therapeutics to control coronavirus and influenza virus. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:726-736. [PMID: 30711575 PMCID: PMC7108273 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a cost- and time-efficient approach for new indications. Targeting host machineries, used by viruses, could develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Repurposing existing drugs could efficiently identify antiviral agents.
The development of highly effective antiviral agents has been a major objective in virology and pharmaceutics. Drug repositioning has emerged as a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative approach to traditional drug discovery and development. This new shift focuses on the repurposing of clinically approved drugs and promising preclinical drug candidates for the therapeutic development of host-based antiviral agents to control diseases caused by coronavirus and influenza virus. Host-based antiviral agents target host cellular machineries essential for viral infections or innate immune responses to interfere with viral pathogenesis. This review discusses current knowledge, prospective applications and challenges in the repurposing of clinically approved and preclinically studied drugs for newly indicated antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hwa-Chain Robert Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
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Dhusia K, Raja K, Thomas PPM, Yadav PK, Ramteke PW. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of conessine against multi drug resistant Serratia marcescens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:101-111. [PMID: 30396000 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an immediate precursor of polyamine biosynthesis in Serratia marcescens and a potential target for inhibition of its growth. We predicted the 3D structural conformation of ODC enzyme and validated it using MDS in our previous study. In this current study, the potential inhibitors of ODC were obtained by virtual screening of potential inhibitors from ZINC database and studied in depth for their different binding pose. Among the ten virtually screened inhibitors, Conessine exhibited the best binding with ODC and its inhibition property was studied further by MDS studies. The natural compound conessine is isolated from plant Holarrhena antidysenterica and it is studied against ODC of Serratia marcenses for its inhibitory potentials. This revealed unforeseen twisted position in root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and ODC modelled conformation that influenced ligand binding. Both predicted model and ligand bound model were compared and found to be stable with Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of approximately 7 nm and 0.25 nm to that of crystallographic structure over simulation time of 55 ns and 70 ns respectively. This work paves the way for future development of new drugs against nosocomial diseases caused by Serratia marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhusia
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, U.P., India
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierre Paul Michel Thomas
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Genetics and Cell Biology cluster, GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, U.P., India
| | - Pramod W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, U.P., India.
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The HIV Integrase Inhibitor Raltegravir Inhibits Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Replication by Targeting both DNA Replication and Late Gene Expression. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00994-18. [PMID: 30045987 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00994-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaherpesvirus-associated ocular infections in humans caused by human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) remain challenging to treat due to the frequency of drug application required and the potential for the selection of drug-resistant viruses. Repurposing on-the-market drugs is a viable strategy to accelerate the pace of drug development. It has been reported that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor raltegravir inhibits HHV-1 replication by targeting the DNA polymerase accessory factor and limits terminase-mediated genome cleavage of human betaherpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). We have previously shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that raltegravir can also inhibit the replication of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), a common ocular pathogen of cats with a pathogenesis similar to that of HHV-1 ocular disease. In contrast to what was reported for HHV-1, we were unable to select for a raltegravir-resistant FeHV-1 strain in order to define any basis for drug action. A candidate-based approach to explore the mode of action of raltegravir against FeHV-1 showed that raltegravir did not impact FeHV-1 terminase function, as described for HHV-5. Instead, raltegravir inhibited DNA replication, similarly to HHV-1, but by targeting the initiation of viral DNA replication rather than elongation. In addition, we found that raltegravir specifically repressed late gene expression independently of DNA replication, and both activities are consistent with inhibition of ICP8. Taken together, these results suggest that raltegravir could be a valuable therapeutic agent against herpesviruses.IMPORTANCE The rise of drug-resistant herpesviruses is a longstanding concern, particularly among immunocompromised patients. Therefore, therapies targeting viral proteins other than the DNA polymerase that may be less likely to lead to drug-resistant viruses are urgently needed. Using FeHV-1, an alphaherpesvirus closely related to HHV-1 that similarly causes ocular herpes in its natural host, we found that the HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir targets different stages of the virus life cycle beyond DNA replication and that it does so without developing drug resistance under the conditions tested. This shows that the drug could provide a viable strategy for the treatment of herpesvirus infections.
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Saiz JC, Oya NJD, Blázquez AB, Escribano-Romero E, Martín-Acebes MA. Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090453. [PMID: 30149598 PMCID: PMC6163279 DOI: 10.3390/v10090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was an almost neglected pathogen until its introduction in the Americas in 2015, where it has been responsible for a threat to global health, causing a great social and sanitary alarm due to its increased virulence, rapid spread, and an association with severe neurological and ophthalmological complications. Currently, no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV is available, and treatments are palliative and mainly directed toward the relief of symptoms, such as fever and rash, by administering antipyretics, anti-histamines, and fluids for dehydration. Nevertheless, lately, search for antivirals has been a major aim in ZIKV investigations. To do so, screening of libraries from different sources, testing of natural compounds, and repurposing of drugs with known antiviral activity have allowed the identification of several antiviral candidates directed to both viral (structural proteins and enzymes) and cellular elements. Here, we present an updated review of current knowledge about anti-ZIKV strategies, focusing on host-directed antivirals as a realistic alternative to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Routhu NK, Xie Y, Dunworth M, Casero RA, Oupicky D, Byrareddy SN. Polymeric Prodrugs Targeting Polyamine Metabolism Inhibit Zika Virus Replication. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4284-4295. [PMID: 30040423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted via an infected mosquito bite, during sexual intercourse, or in utero mother to child transmission. When a fetus is infected, both neurological malformations and deficits in brain development are frequently manifested. As such, there is a need for vaccines or drugs that may be used to cure ZIKV infections. Metabolic pathways play a crucial role in cell differentiation and development. More importantly, polyamines play a key role in replication and translation of several RNA viruses, including ZIKV, Dengue virus, and Chikungunya virus. Here, we present polyamine analogues (BENSpm and PG11047) and their corresponding polymer prodrug derivatives for inhibiting ZIKV infection by intersecting with polyamine catabolism pathways. We tested the compounds against ZIKV African (MR766) and Asian (PRVABC59) strains in human kidney epithelial (Vero) and glioblastoma derived (SNB-19) cell lines. Our results demonstrate potent inhibition of ZIKV viral replication in both cell lines tested. This antiviral effect was mediated by the upregulation of two polyamine catabolic enzymes, spermine oxidase, and spermidine (SMOX)/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1) as apparent reduction of the ZIKV infection following heterologous expression of SMOX and SAT1. On the basis of these observations, we infer potential use of these polyamine analogues to treat ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
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Smirnova OA, Bartosch B, Zakirova NF, Kochetkov SN, Ivanov AV. Polyamine Metabolism and Oxidative Protein Folding in the ER as ROS-Producing Systems Neglected in Virology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041219. [PMID: 29673197 PMCID: PMC5979612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in various cell compartments by an array of enzymes and processes. An excess of ROS production can be hazardous for normal cell functioning, whereas at normal levels, ROS act as vital regulators of many signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. ROS production is affected by a wide range of viruses. However, to date, the impact of viral infections has been studied only in respect to selected ROS-generating enzymes. The role of several ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes or cellular systems in viral infections has never been addressed. In this review, we focus on the roles of biogenic polyamines and oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their interplay with viruses. Polyamines act as ROS scavengers, however, their catabolism is accompanied by H2O2 production. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced during oxidative protein folding, with ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) being a major source of oxidative equivalents. In addition, Ero1 controls Ca2+ efflux from the ER in response to e.g., ER stress. Here, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the physiological roles of biogenic polyamines and the role of Ero1 at the ER, and present available data on their interplay with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS 5286, Lyon University, 69003 Lyon, France.
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex), Lyon 69003, France.
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Raniga K, Liang C. Interferons: Reprogramming the Metabolic Network against Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:E36. [PMID: 29342871 PMCID: PMC5795449 DOI: 10.3390/v10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host and induce drastic metabolic changes to ensure an optimal environment for replication and the production of viral progenies. In response, the host has developed diverse countermeasures to sense and limit these alterations to combat viral infection. One such host mechanism is through interferon signaling. Interferons are cytokines that enhances the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) whose products are key players in the innate immune response to viral infection. In addition to their direct targeting of viral components, interferons and ISGs exert profound effects on cellular metabolism. Recent studies have started to illuminate on the specific role of interferon in rewiring cellular metabolism to activate immune cells and limit viral infection. This review reflects on our current understanding of the complex networking that occurs between the virus and host at the interface of cellular metabolism, with a focus on the ISGs in particular, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), which were recently discovered to modulate specific metabolic events and consequently deter viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Abstract
Abstract
Clinical practice and experimental studies have shown the necessity of sufficient quantities of folic acid intake for normal embryogenesis and fetal development in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) and neurological malformations. So, women of childbearing age must be sure to have an adequate folate intake periconceptionally, prior to and during pregnancy. Folic acid fortification of all enriched cereal grain product flour has been implemented in many countries. Thus, hundreds of thousands of people have been exposed to an increased intake of folic acid. Folate plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of methionine. Methionine is the principal aminopropyl donor required for polyamine biosynthesis, which is up-regulated in actively growing cells, including cancer cells. Folates are important in RNA and DNA synthesis, DNA stability and integrity. Clinical and epidemiological evidence links folate deficiency to DNA damage and cancer. On the other hand, long-term folate oversupplementation leads to adverse toxic effects, resulting in the appearance of malignancy. Considering the relationship of polyamines and rapidly proliferating tissues (especially cancers), there is a need for better investigation of the relationship between the ingestion of high amounts of folic acid in food supplementation and polyamine metabolism, related to malignant processes in the human body.
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50
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Tong X, Smith J, Bukreyeva N, Koma T, Manning JT, Kalkeri R, Kwong AD, Paessler S. Merimepodib, an IMPDH inhibitor, suppresses replication of Zika virus and other emerging viral pathogens. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:34-40. [PMID: 29126899 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has recently been linked to abnormal pregnancies, fetal death, microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. Merimepodib (MMPD, VX-497), a potent inhibitor of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), has shown antiviral activity against HCV and a variety of DNA and RNA viruses in vitro. In this report, we expand the antiviral spectrum of MMPD, and demonstrate that MMPD inhibits ZIKV RNA replication with an EC50 of 0.6 μM. Furthermore, MMPD reduces the virus production of ZIKV as well as several other important emerging viral pathogens such as Ebola, Lassa, Chikungunya, and Junin viruses. The inhibition can be reversed by addition of exogenous guanosine to culture media, consistent with the mechanism of action of MMPD as an IMPDH inhibitor. We also provide evidence that MMPD can be used in combination with other antivirals such as ribavirin and T-705 (favipiravir) to enhance suppression of virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong
- Trek Therapeutics, PBC, 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 301, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Jeanon Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Takaaki Koma
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John T Manning
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Raj Kalkeri
- Southern Research, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ann D Kwong
- Trek Therapeutics, PBC, 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 301, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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