1
|
Caragheorgheopol R, Țucureanu C, Lazăr V, Florescu SA, Lazăr DS, Caraş I. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines and chemokines exhibit distinct profiles in bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:204. [PMID: 37090083 PMCID: PMC10119981 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) and viral meningitis (VM) is a critical clinical challenge, as the early and accurate identification of the causative agent determines the appropriate treatment regimen and markedly improves patient outcomes. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that the pathogen and the host immune response contribute to mortality and neurological sequelae. As BM is associated with the activation of an inflammatory cascade, the patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (CTs/CKs) present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in response to the immune assault may be useful as sensitive markers for differentiating BM from VM. In the present study, the ability of CTs/CKs in the CSF to differentiate between BM and VM was investigated. For this, biochemical markers and CT/CK profiles were analysed in 145 CSF samples, divided into three groups: BM (n=61), VM (n=58) and the control group (C; n=26) comprising patients with meningism. The CSF concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), epithelial-neutrophil activating peptide, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), proteins and white blood cells were significantly higher and the CSF glucose level was significantly lower in the BM group compared with the VM and C groups (P<0.01). Correlation analysis identified 28 significant correlations between various CTs/CKs in the BM group (P<0.01), with the strongest positive correlations being for TNF-α/IL-6 (r=0.75), TNF-α/MIP-1α (r=0.69), TNF-α/IL-1β (r=0.64) and IL-1β/MIP-1α (r=0.64). To identify the optimum CT/CK patterns for predicting and classifying BM and VM, a dataset of 119 BM and VM samples was divided into training (n=90) and testing (n=29) subsets for use as input for a Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. For the 29 test samples (15 BM and 14 VM), the RF algorithm correctly classified 28 samples, with 92% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The results show that the patterns of CT/CK levels in the CSF can be used to aid discrimination of BM and VM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Caragheorgheopol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 77206, Romania
- Immunology Laboratory, ‘Cantacuzino’ National Institute for Medico-Military Research and Development, Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Correspondence to: Mrs. Ramona Caragheorgheopol, Immunology Laboratory, ‘Cantacuzino’ National Institute for Medico-Military Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - Cătălin Țucureanu
- Immunology Laboratory, ‘Cantacuzino’ National Institute for Medico-Military Research and Development, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - Veronica Lazăr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 77206, Romania
| | - Simin Aysel Florescu
- Infectious Diseases Department II, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Clinical Department A5 for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ‘Dr Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest 030303, Romania
| | - Dragoş Stefan Lazăr
- Infectious Diseases Department II, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Adults Department B2, ‘Dr Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest 030303, Romania
| | - Iuliana Caraş
- Immunology Laboratory, ‘Cantacuzino’ National Institute for Medico-Military Research and Development, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasler T, Tavares-Gomes L, Gut S, Swayambhu M, Gysi M, Hausmann M, Arora N, Hennet T. Increase of intestinal bacterial sialidase activity exacerbates acute colitis in mice. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1075459. [PMID: 36567940 PMCID: PMC9780602 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1075459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of endogenous and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Carbohydrate foraging requires the action of bacterially-encoded glycoside hydrolases, which release mono- and oligosaccharides taken up as carbon sources by multiple microbial taxa. In addition to providing nutrients to the microbiota, the cleavage of host glycans by bacterial glycoside hydrolases may alter the properties of surface glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion and activation processes in the gut lumen. To investigate the impact of bacterial glycoside hydrolase activities on the gut microbial composition and on host glycans during colon inflammation, we increased local glycoside hydrolase activity by supplementing mice with recombinant E. coli expressing specific sialidase, fucosidase and rhamnosidase enzymes during acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium ingestion. Whereas increased fucosidase and rhamnosidase activity did not alter the course of colitis, increased sialidase activity exacerbated disease severity. The effect of increased sialidase activity on inflammation was not caused by changes in the microbial composition given that a similar shift in gut bacteria occurred in all groups of mice supplemented with recombinant E. coli. Increased sialidase activity in the colon of treated mice however significantly altered the distribution of sialic acid on mucosal glycans. Treatment of lamina propria dendritic cells with bacterial sialidase also strongly decreased the density of sialylated ligands to anti-inflammatory siglec lectins, indicating that the remodeling of surface sialylation caused by increased sialidase activity likely accounts for the observed exacerbation of acute colitis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hasler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sereina Gut
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meghna Swayambhu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Gysi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Arora
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Thierry Hennet,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Oliveira Formiga R, Amaral FC, Souza CF, Mendes DAGB, Wanderley CWS, Lorenzini CB, Santos AA, Antônia J, Faria LF, Natale CC, Paula NM, Silva PCS, Fonseca FR, Aires L, Heck N, Starick MR, Queiroz-Junior CM, Santos FRS, de Souza FRO, Costa VV, Barroso SPC, Morrot A, Van Weyenbergh J, Sordi R, Alisson-Silva F, Cunha FQ, Rocha EL, Chollet-Martin S, Hurtado-Nedelec MM, Martin C, Burgel PR, Mansur DS, Maurici R, Macauley MS, Báfica A, Witko-Sarsat V, Spiller F. Neuraminidase inhibitors rewire neutrophil function in vivo in murine sepsis and ex vivo in COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2020.11.12.379115. [PMID: 33200130 PMCID: PMC7668734 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.379115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil overstimulation plays a crucial role in tissue damage during severe infections. Neuraminidase (NEU)-mediated cleavage of surface sialic acid has been demonstrated to regulate leukocyte responses. Here, we report that antiviral NEU inhibitors constrain host NEU activity, surface sialic acid release, ROS production, and NETs released by microbial-activated human neutrophils. In vivo, treatment with Oseltamivir results in infection control and host survival in peritonitis and pneumonia models of sepsis. Single-cell RNA sequencing re-analysis of publicly data sets of respiratory tract samples from critical COVID-19 patients revealed an overexpression of NEU1 in infiltrated neutrophils. Moreover, Oseltamivir or Zanamivir treatment of whole blood cells from severe COVID-19 patients reduces host NEU-mediated shedding of cell surface sialic acid and neutrophil overactivation. These findings suggest that neuraminidase inhibitors can serve as host-directed interventions to dampen neutrophil dysfunction in severe infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Oliveira Formiga
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávia C. Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila F. Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. G. B. Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos W. S. Wanderley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina B. Lorenzini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adara A. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Antônia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas F. Faria
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Caio C. Natale
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicholas M. Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila C. S. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Fonseca
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luan Aires
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicoli Heck
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márick R. Starick
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe R. S. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe R. O. de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Shana P. C. Barroso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Research, Marcilio Dias Naval Hospital, Navy of Brazil, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Paulo de Goes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edroaldo L. Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- INSERM UMR 996, “Infammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Clémence Martin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Pneumology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, Paris, France
- Department of Pneumology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Daniel S. Mansur
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rosemeri Maurici
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - André Báfica
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donoghue SE, Heath O, Pitt J, Hong KM, Fuller M, Smith J. Free urinary sialic acid levels may be elevated in patients with pneumococcal sepsis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1855-1858. [PMID: 36000484 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Urine free sialic acid (UFSA) is an important diagnostic biomarker for sialuria (GNE variants) and infantile sialic acid storage disease/Salla disease (SLC17A5 variants). Traditionally, UFSA has been measured using specific single-plex methodology in relatively small cohorts of patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of these disorders. The use of multiplex tandem mass spectrometry urine screening (UMSMS) has meant that UFSA can be measured semi-quantitatively in a much larger cohort of patients being investigated for suspected metabolic disorders. We hypothesised that the neuraminidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae may release free sialic acid from endogenous sialylated glycoconjugates and result in increased UFSA levels. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records of patients who were identified as having S. pneumoniae infection and who also had UMSMS at the time of their acute infection. RESULTS We identified three cases of increased UFSA detected by UMSMS screening that were secondary to S. pneumoniae sepsis. Additional testing ruled out genetic causes of increased UFSA in the first patient. All three patients had overwhelming sepsis with multiorgan dysfunction which was fatal. Glycosylation abnormalities consistent with the removal of sialic acid were demonstrated in serum transferrin patterns in one patient. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated in a retrospective cohort that elevation of UFSA levels have been observed in cases of S. pneumoniae sepsis. This expands our knowledge of UFSA as a biomarker in human disease. This research demonstrates that infection with organisms with neuraminidase activity should be considered in patients with unexplained increases in UFSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Donoghue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemical Genetics, Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Heath
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Pitt
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai Mun Hong
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joel Smith
- Laboratory Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hyun SW, Feng C, Liu A, Lillehoj EP, Trotta R, Kingsbury TJ, Passaniti A, Lugkey KN, Chauhan S, Cipollo JF, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Cross AS, Goldblum SE. Altered sialidase expression in human myeloid cells undergoing apoptosis and differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14173. [PMID: 35986080 PMCID: PMC9390117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into sialic acid biology and sialidase/neuraminidase (NEU) expression in mature human neutrophil (PMN)s, we studied NEU activity and expression in PMNs and the HL60 promyelocytic leukemic cell line, and changes that might occur in PMNs undergoing apoptosis and HL60 cells during their differentiation into PMN-like cells. Mature human PMNs contained NEU activity and expressed NEU2, but not NEU1, the NEU1 chaperone, protective protein/cathepsin A(PPCA), NEU3, and NEU4 proteins. In proapoptotic PMNs, NEU2 protein expression increased > 30.0-fold. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protected against NEU2 protein upregulation, PMN surface desialylation and apoptosis. In response to 3 distinct differentiating agents, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and retinoic acid, total NEU activity in differentiated HL60 (dHL60) cells was dramatically reduced compared to that of nondifferentiated cells. With differentiation, NEU1 protein levels decreased > 85%, PPCA and NEU2 proteins increased > 12.0-fold, and 3.0-fold, respectively, NEU3 remained unchanged, and NEU4 increased 1.7-fold by day 3, and then returned to baseline. In dHL60 cells, lectin blotting revealed decreased α2,3-linked and increased α2,6-linked sialylation. dHL60 cells displayed increased adhesion to and migration across human bone marrow-derived endothelium and increased bacterial phagocytosis. Therefore, myeloid apoptosis and differentiation provoke changes in NEU catalytic activity and protein expression, surface sialylation, and functional responsiveness.
Collapse
|
6
|
Studying the Interaction of Neutrophils and Glaesserella Parasuis Indicates a Serotype Independent Benefit from Degradation of NETs. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080880. [PMID: 36015001 PMCID: PMC9415231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella (G.) parasuis is one of the most important porcine pathogens causing Glaesser’s disease. Neutrophil granulocytes are the major counteracting cell type of the innate immune system, which contribute to the host defense by phagocytosis or the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Recently, NET-formation has been shown to facilitate the survival of bacteria from the Pasteurellaceae family. However, the interaction of NETs and G. parasuis is unclear so far. In this study, we investigated the interplay of three G. parasuis serotypes with porcine neutrophils. The production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils after G. parasuis infection varied slightly among the serotypes but was generally low and not significantly influenced by the serotypes. Interestingly, we detected that independent of the serotype of G. parasuis, NET formation in neutrophils was induced to a small but significant extent. This phenomenon occurred despite the ability of G. parasuis to release nucleases, which can degrade NETs. Furthermore, the growth of Glaesserella was enhanced by external DNases and degraded NETs. This indicates that Glaesserella takes up degraded NET components, supplying them with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), as this benefit was diminished by inhibiting the 5′-nucleotidase, which metabolizes NAD. Our results indicate a serotype-independent interaction of Glaesserella with neutrophils by inducing NET-formation and benefiting from DNA degradation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Okahashi N, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Kawabata S. Secondary streptococcal infection following influenza. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:253-263. [PMID: 35088451 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infection following influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a predominant pathogen in secondary pneumonia cases that develop following influenza. Although IAV has been shown to enhance susceptibility to the secondary bacterial infection, the underlying mechanism of the viral-bacterial synergy leading to disease progression is complex and remains elusive. In this review, cooperative interactions of viruses and streptococci during co- or secondary infection with IAV are described. IAV infects the upper respiratory tract, therefore, streptococci that inhabit or infect the respiratory tract are of special interest. Since many excellent reviews on the co-infection of IAV and S. pneumoniae have already been published, this review is intended to describe the unique interactions between other streptococci and IAV. Both streptococcal and IAV infections modulate the host epithelial barrier of the respiratory tract in various ways. IAV infection directly disrupts epithelial barriers, though at the same time the virus modifies the properties of infected cells to enhance streptococcal adherence and invasion. Mitis group streptococci produce neuraminidases, which promote IAV infection in a unique manner. The studies reviewed here have revealed intriguing mechanisms underlying secondary streptococcal infection following influenza. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Okahashi
- Center for Frontier Oral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamaguchi M, Kinjo Y, Nizet V. Editorial: Host-Pathogen Interactions During Pneumococcal Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752959. [PMID: 34760720 PMCID: PMC8573109 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC), San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California (UC), San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California (UC), San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Müller A, Schramm DB, Kleynhans J, de Gouveia L, Meiring S, Ramette A, von Gottberg A, Hathaway LJ. Cytokine response in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients and outcome associated with pneumococcal serotype. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19920. [PMID: 34620928 PMCID: PMC8497479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes life-threatening meningitis. Its capsular polysaccharide determines the serotype and influences disease severity but the mechanism is largely unknown. Due to evidence of elevated cytokines levels in the meningeal inflammatory response, we measured 41 cytokines/chemokines and growth factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 57 South African meningitis patients (collected in the period 2018–2019), with confirmed S. pneumoniae serotypes, using a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Based on multivariable Bayesian regression, using serotype 10A as a reference and after adjusting for HIV and age, we found IL-6 concentrations significantly lower in patients infected with serotypes 6D (undetectable) and 23A (1601 pg/ml), IL-8 concentrations significantly higher in those infected with 22A (40,459 pg/ml), 7F (32,400 pg/ml) and 15B/C (6845 pg/ml), and TNFα concentration significantly higher in those infected with serotype 18A (33,097 pg/ml). Although a relatively small number of clinical samples were available for this study and 28% of samples could not be assigned to a definitive serotype, our data suggests 15B/C worthy of monitoring during surveillance as it is associated with in-hospital case fatality and not included in the 13-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine, PCV13. Our data provides average CSF concentrations of a range of cytokines and growth factors for 18 different serotypes (14, 19F, 3, 6A, 7F, 19A, 8, 9N, 10A, 12F, 15B/C, 22F, 16F, 23A, 31, 18A, 6D, 22A) to serve as a basis for future studies investigating host–pathogen interaction during pneumococcal meningitis. We note that differences in induction of IL-8 between serotypes may be particularly worthy of future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Müller
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana B Schramm
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for HIV and STI's, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda de Gouveia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Meiring
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucy Jane Hathaway
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sialidase of Glaesserella parasuis Augments Inflammatory Response via Desialylation and Abrogation of Negative Regulation of Siglec-5. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00696-20. [PMID: 33526563 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00696-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that play an important role in tissue homeostasis, immune response, and pathogen infection. Bacterial sialidases act on natural ligands of Siglecs, interfering with the Siglec-mediated immune response. Glaesserella parasuis is a porcine bacterial pathogen that secretes sialidase. However, little is known about the sialidase of G. parasuis and its impact on immune regulation. Here, we used wild-type G. parasuis, a sialidase-deficient mutant, and complementary strains to investigate the role of sialidase in porcine alveolar macrophage infection. Sialidase induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, from porcine alveolar macrophages. Moreover, sialidase desialylated the surface of porcine alveolar macrophages and altered the expression of Siglecs (the expression of Siglec-5 was reduced). Furthermore, sialidase led to a reduction in endogenous SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) recruitment to Siglec-5 and simultaneously activated the inflammatory response via the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathways. This desialylation occurred before the release of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the sialidase-induced inflammatory response was followed by reduced recruitment of SHP-2 to Siglec-5. Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate the role of sialidase in the inflammatory response of G. parasuis. This role resulted from the abrogation of negative regulation of Siglec-5 on proinflammatory cytokine release. This study helps to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory response induced by sialidase secreted by G. parasuis and the acute inflammation caused by G. parasuis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Agarwal K, Lewis AL. Vaginal sialoglycan foraging by Gardnerella vaginalis: mucus barriers as a meal for unwelcome guests? Glycobiology 2021; 31:667-680. [PMID: 33825850 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are few lactobacilli and abundant anaerobic bacteria. Members of the genus Gardnerella are often one of the most abundant bacteria in BV. BV is associated with a wide variety of poor health outcomes for women. It has been recognized since the 1980s that women with BV have detectable and sometimes markedly elevated levels of sialidase activity in vaginal fluids and that bacteria associated with this condition produce this activity in culture. Mounting evidence collected using diverse methodologies points to the conclusion that BV is associated with a reduction in intact sialoglycans in cervicovaginal secretions. Here we review evidence for the contributions of vaginal bacteria, especially Gardnerella, in the processes of mucosal sialoglycan degradation, uptake, metabolism and depletion. Our understanding of the impacts of vaginal sialoglycan degradation is still limited. However, the potential implications of sialic acid depletion are discussed in light of our current understanding of the roles played by sialoglycans in vaginal physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tseng YW, Chang CC, Chang YC. Novel Virulence Role of Pneumococcal NanA in Host Inflammation and Cell Death Through the Activation of Inflammasome and the Caspase Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:613195. [PMID: 33777832 PMCID: PMC7991587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.613195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of most deadly Gram-positive bacterium that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Intense inflammation and cytotoxicity is a hallmark of invasive pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal NanA has been shown to exaggerate the production of inflammatory cytokines via unmasking of inhibitory Siglec-5 from its sialyl cis-ligands. To further investigate the mechanistic role of NanA and Siglec-5 in pneumococccal diseases, we systemically analyzed genes and signaling pathways differentially regulated in macrophages infected with wild type and NanA-deficient pneumococcus. We found that NanA-mediated desialylation impairs the Siglec-5-TLR-2 interaction and reduces the recruitment of phosphatase SHP-1 to Siglec-5. This dysregulated crosstalk between TLR-2 and inhibitory Siglec-5 exaggerated multiple inflammatory and death signaling pathways and consequently caused excessive inflammation and cytotoxicity in the infected macrophage. Collectively, our results reveal a novel virulence role of NanA in pneumococcal pathogenesis and suggest that targeting NanA activity may ameliorate the pneumococcus-mediated inflammation and cytotoxicity in severe invasive pneumococcal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eneva R, Engibarov S, Abrashev R, Krumova E, Angelova M. Sialic acids, sialoconjugates and enzymes of their metabolism in fungi. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1879678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Eneva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stephan Engibarov
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Abrashev
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Krumova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Angelova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functions and therapeutic targets of Siglec-mediated infections, inflammations and cancers. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:5-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
15
|
Yamaguchi M, Takemura M, Higashi K, Goto K, Hirose Y, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Uzawa N, Kawabata S. Role of BgaA as a Pneumococcal Virulence Factor Elucidated by Molecular Evolutionary Analysis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582437. [PMID: 33072054 PMCID: PMC7541833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Previously, we identified a novel virulence factor by investigating evolutionary selective pressure exerted on pneumococcal choline-binding cell surface proteins. Herein, we focus on another pneumococcal cell surface protein. Cell wall-anchoring proteins containing the LPXTG motif are conserved in Gram-positive bacteria. Our evolutionary analysis showed that among the examined genes, nanA and bgaA had high proportions of codon that were under significant negative selection. Both nanA and bgaA encode a multi-functional glycosidase that aids nutrient acquisition in a glucose-poor environment, pneumococcal adherence to host cells, and evasion from host immunity. However, several studies have shown that the role of BgaA is limited in a mouse pneumonia model, and it remains unclear if BgaA affects pneumococcal pathogenesis in a mouse sepsis model. To evaluate the distribution and pathogenicity of bgaA, we performed phylogenetic analysis and intravenous infection assay. In both Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, the genetic distances between pneumococcal bgaA was small, and the cluster of pneumococcal bgaA did not contain other bacterial orthologs except for a Streptococcus gwangjuense gene. Evolutionary analysis and BgaA structure indicated BgaA active site was not allowed to change. The mouse infection assay showed that the deletion of bgaA significantly reduced host mortality. These results indicated that both nanA and bgaA encode evolutionally conserved pneumococcal virulence factors and that molecular evolutionary analysis could be a useful alternative strategy for identification of virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Moe Takemura
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higashi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Kana Goto
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nash RJ, Bartholomew B, Penkova YB, Rotondo D, Yamasaka F, Stafford GP, Jenkinson SF, Fleet GWJ. Iminosugar idoBR1 Isolated from Cucumber Cucumis sativus Reduces Inflammatory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16263-16271. [PMID: 32656449 PMCID: PMC7346245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumbers have been anecdotally claimed to have anti-inflammatory activity for a long time, but the active principle was not identified. idoBR1, (2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, is an iminosugar amino acid isolated from fruits of certain cucumbers, Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae). It has no chromophore and analytically behaves like an amino acid making detection and identification difficult. It has anti-inflammatory activity reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in THP-1 cells and ex vivo human blood. It showed selective inhibition of human α-l-iduronidase and sialidases from both bacteria (Tannerella forsythia) and human THP-1 cells. idoBR1 and cucumber extract reduced the binding of hyaluronic acid (HA) to CD44 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells and may function as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting induced sialidase involved in the production of functionally active HA adhesive CD44. Similar to the related iminosugars, idoBR1 is excreted unchanged in urine following consumption. Its importance in the diet should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Nash
- PhytoQuest
Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, U.K.
- . Phone: +44 1970 823200. Fax: +44 1970 823209
| | | | - Yana B. Penkova
- PhytoQuest
Limited, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, U.K.
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Yamasaka
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- Integrated
BioSciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K.
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Läubli H, Varki A. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) detect self-associated molecular patterns to regulate immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:593-605. [PMID: 31485715 PMCID: PMC7942692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system evolved to tightly regulate the elimination of pathogenic microbes and neoplastic transformed cells while tolerating our own healthy cells. Here, we summarize experimental evidence for the role of Siglecs-in particular CD33-related Siglecs-as self-receptors and their sialoglycan ligands in regulating this balance between recognition of self and non-self. Sialoglycans are found in the glycocalyx and extracellular fluids and matrices of all mammalian cells and can be considered as self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs). We also provide an overview of the known interactions of Siglec receptors and sialoglycan-SAMPs. Manipulation of the Siglec-SAMP axis offers new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases and also cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsai CM, Riestra AM, Ali SR, Fong JJ, Liu JZ, Hughes G, Varki A, Nizet V. Siglec-14 Enhances NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:333-343. [PMID: 31805552 PMCID: PMC7383293 DOI: 10.1159/000504323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms are sensed by the inflammasome, resulting in the release of the pro-immune and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In humans, the paired <underline>s</underline>ialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin receptors Siglec-5 (inhibitory) and Siglec-14 (activating) have been shown to have reciprocal roles in regulating macrophage immune responses, but their interaction with IL-1β signaling and the inflammasome has not been characterized. Here we show that in response to known inflammasome activators (ATP, nigericin) or the sialic acid-expressing human bacterial pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS), the presence of Siglec-14 enhances, whereas Siglec-5 reduces, inflammasome activation and macrophage IL-1β release. Human THP-1 macrophages stably transfected with Siglec-14 exhibited increased caspase-1 activation, IL-1β release and pyroptosis after GBS infection, in a manner blocked by a specific inhibitor of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), a protein involved in inflammasome assembly. Another leading pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, lacks sialic acid but rather prominently expresses a sialidase, which cleaves sialic acid from macrophages, eliminating cis- interactions with the lectin receptor, thus attenuating Siglec-14 induced IL-1β secretion. Vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein released during macrophage inflammatory activation is known to induce the inflammasome. We found that vimentin has increased interaction with Siglec-14 compared to Siglec-5, and this interaction heightened IL-1β production by Siglec-14-expressing cells. Siglec-14 is absent from some humans because of a SIGLEC5/14 fusion polymorphism, and we found increased IL-1β expression in primary macrophages from SIGLEC14+/+ individuals compared to those with the SIGLEC14-/+ and SIGLEC14-/- genotypes. Collectively, our results identify a new immunoregulatory role of Siglec-14 as a positive regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Angelica M Riestra
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Syed Raza Ali
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerry J Fong
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Janet Z Liu
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hirose Y, Yamaguchi M, Goto K, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Kawabata S. Competence-induced protein Ccs4 facilitates pneumococcal invasion into brain tissue and virulence in meningitis. Virulence 2019; 9:1576-1587. [PMID: 30251911 PMCID: PMC6177246 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1526530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen that causes pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The candidate combox site 4 (ccs4) gene has been reported to be a pneumococcal competence-induced gene. Such genes are involved in development of S. pneumoniae competence and virulence, though the functions of ccs4 remain unknown. In the present study, the role of Ccs4 in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis was examined. We initially constructed a ccs4 deletion mutant and complement strains, then examined their association with and invasion into human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Wild-type and Ccs4-complemented strains exhibited significantly higher rates of association and invasion as compared to the ccs4 mutant strain. Deletion of ccs4 did not change bacterial growth activity or expression of NanA and CbpA, known brain endothelial pneumococcal adhesins. Next, mice were infected either intravenously or intranasally with pneumococcal strains. In the intranasal infection model, survival rates were comparable between wild-type strain-infected and ccs4 mutant strain-infected mice, while the ccs4 mutant strain exhibited a lower level of virulence in the intravenous infection model. In addition, at 24 hours after intravenous infection, the bacterial burden in blood was comparable between the wild-type and ccs4 mutant strain-infected mice, whereas the wild-type strain-infected mice showed a significantly higher bacterial burden in the brain. These results suggest that Ccs4 contributes to pneumococcal invasion of host brain tissues and functions as a virulence factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hirose
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kana Goto
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- a Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Janesch P, Rouha H, Badarau A, Stulik L, Mirkina I, Caccamo M, Havlicek K, Maierhofer B, Weber S, Groß K, Steinhäuser J, Zerbs M, Varga C, Dolezilkova I, Maier S, Zauner G, Nielson N, Power CA, Nagy E. Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in in vitro and in vivo lung infection models using monoclonal antibodies. Virulence 2019; 9:1521-1538. [PMID: 30289054 PMCID: PMC6177239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Groß
- a Arsanis Biosciences , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Robinson LS, Schwebke J, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. Identification and characterization of NanH2 and NanH3, enzymes responsible for sialidase activity in the vaginal bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5230-5245. [PMID: 30723162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis is abundant in bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition associated with adverse reproductive health. Sialidase activity is a diagnostic feature of BV and is produced by a subset of G. vaginalis strains. Although its genetic basis has not been formally identified, sialidase activity is presumed to derive from the sialidase A gene, named here nanH1 In this study, BLAST searches predicted two additional G. vaginalis sialidases, NanH2 and NanH3. When expressed in Escherichia coli, NanH2 and NanH3 both displayed broad abilities to cleave sialic acids from α2-3- and α2-6-linked N- and O-linked sialoglycans, including relevant mucosal substrates. In contrast, recombinant NanH1 had limited activity against synthetic and mucosal substrates under the conditions tested. Recombinant NanH2 was much more effective than NanH3 in cleaving sialic acids bearing a 9-O-acetyl ester. Similarly, G. vaginalis strains encoding NanH2 cleaved and foraged significantly more Neu5,9Ac2 than strains encoding only NanH3. Among a collection of 34 G. vaginalis isolates, nanH2, nanH3, or both were present in all 15 sialidase-positive strains but absent from all 19 sialidase-negative isolates, including 16 strains that were nanH1-positive. We conclude that NanH2 and NanH3 are the primary sources of sialidase activity in G. vaginalis and that these two enzymes can account for the previously described substrate breadth cleaved by sialidases in human vaginal specimens of women with BV. Finally, PCRs of nanH2 or nanH3 from human vaginal specimens had 81% sensitivity and 78% specificity in distinguishing between Lactobacillus dominance and BV, as determined by Nugent scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Robinson
- From the Departments of Molecular Microbiology and.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Jane Schwebke
- the Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Warren G Lewis
- From the Departments of Molecular Microbiology and.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- From the Departments of Molecular Microbiology and .,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and.,Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei M, Wang PG. Desialylation in physiological and pathological processes: New target for diagnostic and therapeutic development. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:25-57. [PMID: 30905454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Desialylation is a pivotal part of sialic acid metabolism, which initiates the catabolism of glycans by removing the terminal sialic acid residues on glycans, thereby modulating the structure and functions of glycans, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. The functions of sialic acids have been well recognized, whereas the function of desialylation process is underappreciated or largely ignored. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that desialylation plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to desialylation in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. The potential of targeting desialylation process for diagnostic and therapeutic development is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohui Wei
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Synergistic findings from microbiological and evolutional analyses of virulence factors among pathogenic streptococcal species. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Janapatla RP, Chen CL, Hsu MH, Liao WT, Chiu CH. Immunization with pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC to generate neutralizing antibodies and to increase survival in mice. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:709-723. [PMID: 29557769 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Pneumococcal virulence protein-based vaccines can provide serotype-independent protection against pneumococcal infections. Many studies, including clinical observational studies on Thomsen-Friedenrich antigen exposure and haemolytic uremic syndrome, defined the role of neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in host-pneumococcus interaction. Since neuraminidases are major virulence proteins, they are potential targets for both vaccines and small molecule inhibitors. Here we explored the utility of three neuraminidases as protein vaccine antigens to generate neutralizing antibodies and to increase survival following pneumococcal infections.Methodology. Rabbits and mice were immunized subcutaneously with enzymatically active recombinant NanA, NanB and NanC as individual or a combination of the three neuraminidases. Antisera titres were determined by ELISA. Neuraminidase activity inhibition by antiserum was tested by peanut lectin and flow cytometry. Clinical isolates with serotype 3, 6B, 14, 15B, 19A and 23F were used to infect immunized mice by tail vein injection.Results/Key findings. Presence of high levels of IgG antibodies in antisera against NanA, NanB and NanC indicates that all of the three neuraminidases are immunogenic vaccine antigens. To generate potent NanA neutralizing antibodies, both lectin and catalytic domains are essential, whereas for NanB and NanC a single lectin domain is sufficient. Immunization with triple neuraminidases increased the survival of mice when intravenously challenged with clinical isolates of serotype 3 (40 %), 6B (60 %), 15B (60 %), 19A (40 %) and 23F (30 %).Conclusion. We recommend the inclusion of three pneumococcal neuraminidases in future protein vaccine formulations to prevent invasive pneumococcal infection caused by various serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Hua Hsu
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Molecular Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hobbs JK, Pluvinage B, Boraston AB. Glycan-metabolizing enzymes in microbe-host interactions: the Streptococcus pneumoniae paradigm. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3865-3897. [PMID: 29608212 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent colonizer of the upper airways; however, it is also an accomplished pathogen capable of causing life-threatening diseases. To colonize and cause invasive disease, this bacterium relies on a complex array of factors to mediate the host-bacterium interaction. The respiratory tract is rich in functionally important glycoconjugates that display a vast range of glycans, and, thus, a key component of the pneumococcus-host interaction involves an arsenal of bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes to depolymerize these glycans and carbohydrate transporters to import the products. Through the destruction of host glycans, the glycan-specific metabolic machinery deployed by S. pneumoniae plays a variety of roles in the host-pathogen interaction. Here, we review the processing and metabolism of the major host-derived glycans, including N- and O-linked glycans, Lewis and blood group antigens, proteoglycans, and glycogen, as well as some dietary glycans. We discuss the role of these metabolic pathways in the S. pneumoniae-host interaction, speculate on the potential of key enzymes within these pathways as therapeutic targets, and relate S. pneumoniae as a model system to glycan processing in other microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pluvinage
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perturbations of erythrocyte membrane integrity by subchronic low-level lead exposure in New Zealand white rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
27
|
Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Cox N, Gomer RH. Sialidase inhibitors attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15069. [PMID: 29118338 PMCID: PMC5678159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis involves increasing amounts of scar tissue appearing in a tissue, but what drives this is unclear. In fibrotic lesions in human and mouse lungs, we found extensive desialylation of glycoconjugates, and upregulation of sialidases. The fibrosis-associated cytokine TGF-β1 upregulates sialidases in human airway epithelium cells, lung fibroblasts, and immune system cells. Conversely, addition of sialidases to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induces accumulation of extracellular TGF-β1, forming what appears to be a sialidase - TGF-β1 - sialidase positive feedback loop. Monocyte-derived cells called fibrocytes also activate fibroblasts, and we found that sialidases potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. A sialylated glycoprotein called serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation, and sialidases attenuate SAP function. Injections of the sialidase inhibitors DANA and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) starting either 1 day or 10 days after bleomycin strongly attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in the mouse bleomycin model, and by breaking the feedback loop, cause a downregulation of sialidase and TGF-β1 accumulation. Together, these results suggest that a positive feedback loop involving sialidases potentiates fibrosis, and suggest that sialidase inhibitors could be useful for the treatment of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejas R Karhadkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas, 77843-3474, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gratz N, Loh LN, Mann B, Gao G, Carter R, Rosch J, Tuomanen EI. Pneumococcal neuraminidase activates TGF-β signalling. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1198-1207. [PMID: 28749326 PMCID: PMC5817201 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase A (NanA) is an important virulence factor that is anchored to the pneumococcal cell wall and cleaves sialic acid on host substrates. We noted that a secreted allele of NanA was over-represented in invasive pneumococcal isolates and promoted the development of meningitis when swapped into the genome of non-meningitis isolates replacing cell wall-anchored NanA. Both forms of recombinant NanA directly activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, increased SMAD signalling and promoted loss of endothelial tight junction ZO-1. However, in assays using whole bacteria, only the cell-bound NanA decreased expression of ZO-1 and showed NanA dependence of bacterial invasion of endothelial cells. We conclude that NanA secretion versus retention on the cell surface does not influence neurotropism of clinical isolates. However, we describe a new NanA-TGF-β signalling axis that leads to decreased blood-brain barrier integrity and enhances bacterial invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gratz
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lip Nam Loh
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beth Mann
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geli Gao
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason Rosch
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elaine I. Tuomanen
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- *Correspondence: Elaine I. Tuomanen,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae Senses a Human-like Sialic Acid Profile via the Response Regulator CiaR. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:307-317. [PMID: 27593514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human-adapted pathogen that encounters terminally sialylated glycoconjugates and free sialic acid (Sia) in the airways. Upon scavenging by the bacterial sialidase NanA, Sias serve as carbon sources for the bacteria. Unlike most animals in which cytidine-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) converts Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) into N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), humans have an inactive CMAH, causing an absence of Neu5Gc and excess Neu5Ac. We find that pneumococcal challenge in Cmah(-/-) mice leads to heightened bacterial loads, virulence, and NanA expression. In vitro, NanA is upregulated in response to Neu5Ac compared with Neu5Gc, a process controlled by the two-component response regulator CiaR and requiring Sia uptake by the transporter SatABC. Additionally, compared with Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac increases pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial reactive oxygen species in a CiaR-dependent manner. Thus, S. pneumoniae senses and responds to Neu5Ac, leading to CiaR activation and increased virulence and potentially explaining the greater susceptibility in humans.
Collapse
|
30
|
Evolutionary inactivation of a sialidase in group B Streptococcus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28852. [PMID: 27352769 PMCID: PMC4926279 DOI: 10.1038/srep28852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns. GBS possesses a protein with homology to the pneumococcal virulence factor, NanA, which has neuraminidase (sialidase) activity and promotes blood-brain barrier penetration. However, phylogenetic sequence and enzymatic analyses indicate the GBS NanA ortholog has lost sialidase function – and for this distinction we designate the gene and encoded protein nonA/NonA. Here we analyze NonA function in GBS pathogenesis, and through heterologous expression of active pneumococcal NanA in GBS, potential costs of maintaining sialidase function. GBS wild-type and ΔnonA strains lack sialidase activity, but forced expression of pneumococcal NanA in GBS induced degradation of the terminal sialic acid on its exopolysaccharide capsule. Deletion of nonA did not change GBS-whole blood survival or brain microvascular cell invasion. However, forced expression of pneumococcal NanA in GBS removed terminal sialic acid residues from the bacterial capsule, restricting bacterial proliferation in human blood and in vivo upon mouse infection. GBS expressing pneumococcal NanA had increased invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Thus, we hypothesize that nonA lost enzyme activity allowing the preservation of an effective survival factor, the sialylated exopolysaccharide capsule.
Collapse
|
31
|
McCombs JE, Diaz JP, Luebke KJ, Kohler JJ. Glycan specificity of neuraminidases determined in microarray format. Carbohydr Res 2016; 428:31-40. [PMID: 27131125 PMCID: PMC4885666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidases hydrolytically remove sialic acids from glycoconjugates. Neuraminidases are produced by both humans and their pathogens, and function in normal physiology and in pathological events. Identification of neuraminidase substrates is needed to reveal their mechanism of action, but high-throughput methods to determine glycan specificity of neuraminidases are limited. Here we use two glycan labeling reactions to monitor neuraminidase activity toward glycan substrates. While both periodate oxidation and aniline-catalyzed oxime ligation (PAL) and galactose oxidase and aniline-catalyzed oxime ligation (GAL) can be used to monitor neuraminidase activity toward glycans in microtiter plates, only GAL accurately measured neuraminidase activity toward glycans displayed on a commercial glass slide microarray. Using GAL, we confirm known linkage specificities of three pneumococcal neuraminidases and obtain new information about underlying glycan specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E McCombs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jason P Diaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin J Luebke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
McCombs JE, Kohler JJ. Pneumococcal Neuraminidase Substrates Identified through Comparative Proteomics Enabled by Chemoselective Labeling. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1013-22. [PMID: 26954852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidases (sialidases) are enzymes that hydrolytically remove sialic acid from sialylated proteins and lipids. Neuraminidases are encoded by a range of human pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Many pathogen neuraminidases are virulence factors, indicating that desialylation of host glycoconjugates can be a critical step in infection. Specifically, desialylation of host cell surface glycoproteins can enable these molecules to function as pathogen receptors or can alter signaling through the plasma membrane. Despite these critical effects, no unbiased approaches exist to identify glycoprotein substrates of neuraminidases. Here, we combine previously reported glycoproteomics methods with quantitative proteomics analysis to identify glycoproteins whose sialylation changes in response to neuraminidase treatment. The two glycoproteomics methods-periodate oxidation and aniline-catalyzed oxime ligation (PAL) and galactose oxidase and aniline-catalyzed oxime ligation (GAL)-rely on chemoselective labeling of sialylated and nonsialylated glycoproteins, respectively. We demonstrated the utility of the combined approaches by identifying substrates of two pneumococcal neuraminidases in a human cell line that models the blood-brain barrier. The methods deliver complementary lists of neuraminidase substrates, with GAL identifying a larger number of substrates than PAL (77 versus 17). Putative neuraminidase substrates were confirmed by other methods, establishing the validity of the approach. Among the identified substrates were host glycoproteins known to function in bacteria adherence and infection. Functional assays suggest that multiple desialylated cell surface glycoproteins may act together as pneumococcus receptors. Overall, this method will provide a powerful approach to identify glycoproteins that are desialylated by both purified neuraminidases and intact pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E McCombs
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang S, Peng L, Gai Z, Zhang L, Jong A, Cao H, Huang SH. Pathogenic Triad in Bacterial Meningitis: Pathogen Invasion, NF-κB Activation, and Leukocyte Transmigration that Occur at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:148. [PMID: 26925035 PMCID: PMC4760054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis remains the leading cause of disabilities worldwide. This life-threatening disease has a high mortality rate despite the availability of antibiotics and improved critical care. The interactions between bacterial surface components and host defense systems that initiate bacterial meningitis have been studied in molecular and cellular detail over the past several decades. Bacterial meningitis commonly exhibits triad hallmark features (THFs): pathogen penetration, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation in coordination with type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling and leukocyte transmigration that occur at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). This review outlines the progression of these early inter-correlated events contributing to the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and injury during the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis. A better understanding of these issues is not only imperative to elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of bacterial meningitis, but may also provide the in-depth insight into the development of novel therapeutic interventions against this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Wang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Lehai Zhang
- Department of Children's Medical Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fong JJ, Sreedhara K, Deng L, Varki NM, Angata T, Liu Q, Nizet V, Varki A. Immunomodulatory activity of extracellular Hsp70 mediated via paired receptors Siglec-5 and Siglec-14. EMBO J 2015; 34:2775-88. [PMID: 26459514 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular chaperone heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can be secreted from cells, but its extracellular role is unclear, as the protein has been reported to both activate and suppress the innate immune response. Potential immunomodulatory receptors on myelomonocytic lineage cells that bind extracellular Hsp70 are not well defined. Siglecs are Ig-superfamily lectins on mammalian leukocytes that recognize sialic acid-bearing glycans and thereby modulate immune responses. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14, expressed on monocytes and neutrophils, share identical ligand-binding domains but have opposing signaling functions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of these receptors, we predicted that endogenous sialic acid-independent ligands should exist. An unbiased screen revealed Hsp70 as a ligand for Siglec-5 and Siglec-14. Hsp70 stimulation through Siglec-5 delivers an anti-inflammatory signal, while stimulation through Siglec-14 is pro-inflammatory. The functional consequences of this interaction are also addressed in relation to a SIGLEC14 polymorphism found in humans. Our results demonstrate that an endogenous non-sialic acid-bearing molecule can be either a danger-associated or self-associated signal through paired Siglecs, and may explain seemingly contradictory prior reports on extracellular Hsp70 action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Fong
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Sreedhara
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liwen Deng
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pathology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nissi M Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pathology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qinglian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA UC San Diego School of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA UC San Diego School of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Siegel SJ, Roche AM, Weiser JN. Influenza promotes pneumococcal growth during coinfection by providing host sialylated substrates as a nutrient source. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:55-67. [PMID: 25011108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Much of the mortality attributed to influenza virus is due to secondary bacterial pneumonia, particularly from Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, mechanisms underlying this coinfection are incompletely understood. We find that prior influenza infection enhances pneumococcal colonization of the murine nasopharynx, which in turn promotes bacterial spread to the lungs. Influenza accelerates bacterial replication in vivo, and sialic acid, a major component of airway glycoconjugates, is identified as the host-derived metabolite that stimulates pneumococcal proliferation. Influenza infection increases sialic acid and sialylated mucin availability and enhances desialylation of host glycoconjugates. Pneumococcal genes for sialic acid catabolism are required for influenza to promote bacterial growth. Decreasing sialic acid availability in vivo by genetic deletion of the major airway mucin Muc5ac or mucolytic treatment limits influenza-induced pneumococcal replication. Our findings suggest that higher rates of disease during coinfection could stem from influenza-provided sialic acid, which increases pneumococcal proliferation, colonization, and aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Siegel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aoife M Roche
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sjögren J, Collin M. Bacterial glycosidases in pathogenesis and glycoengineering. Future Microbiol 2015; 9:1039-51. [PMID: 25340834 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational protein modification and many key proteins of the immune system are glycosylated. As the true experts of our immune system, pathogenic bacteria produce enzymes that can modify the carbohydrates (glycans) of the defense mechanisms in order to favor bacterial survival and persistence. At the intersection between bacterial pathogenesis and glycobiology, there is an increased interest in studying the bacterial enzymes that modify the protein glycosylation of their colonized or infected hosts. This is of great importance in order to fully understand bacterial pathogenesis, but it also presents itself as a valuable source for glycoengineering and glycoanalysis tools. This article highlights the role of bacterial glycosidases during infections, introduces the use of such enzymes as glycoengineering tools and discusses the potential of further studies in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, BMC B14, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
A group A Streptococcus ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin stimulates a protective interleukin 1β-dependent macrophage immune response. mBio 2015; 6:e00133. [PMID: 25759502 PMCID: PMC4453525 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00133-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1T1 clone of group A Streptococcus (GAS) is associated with severe invasive infections, including necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia. During invasive M1T1 GAS disease, mutations in the covRS regulatory system led to upregulation of an ADP-ribosyltransferase, SpyA. Surprisingly, a GAS ΔspyA mutant was resistant to killing by macrophages and caused higher mortality with impaired bacterial clearance in a mouse intravenous challenge model. GAS expression of SpyA triggered macrophage cell death in association with caspase-1-dependent interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production, and differences between wild-type (WT) and ΔspyA GAS macrophage survival levels were lost in cells lacking caspase-1, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), or pro-IL-1β. Similar in vitro findings were identified in macrophage studies performed with pseudomonal exotoxin A, another ADP-ribosylating toxin. Thus, SpyA triggers caspase-1-dependent inflammatory cell death in macrophages, revealing a toxin-triggered IL-1β-dependent innate immune response pathway critical in defense against invasive bacterial infection. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading human pathogen capable of producing invasive infections even in healthy individuals. GAS bacteria produce a toxin called SpyA that modifies host proteins through a process called ADP ribosylation. We describe how macrophages, frontline defenders of the host innate immune system, respond to SpyA by undergoing a specialized form of cell death in which they are activated to release the proinflammatory cytokine molecule interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Release of IL-1β activates host immune cell clearance of GAS, as we demonstrated in tissue culture models of macrophage bacterial killing and in vivo mouse infectious-challenge experiments. Similar macrophage responses to a related toxin of Pseudomonas bacteria were also shown. Thus, macrophages recognize certain bacterial toxins to activate a protective immune response in the host.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Oral colonising bacteria are highly adapted to the various environmental niches harboured within the mouth, whether that means while contributing to one of the major oral diseases of caries, pulp infections, or gingival/periodontal disease or as part of a commensal lifestyle. Key to these infections is the ability to adhere to surfaces via a range of specialised adhesins targeted at both salivary and epithelial proteins, their glycans and to form biofilm. They must also resist the various physical stressors they are subjected to, including pH and oxidative stress. Possibly most strikingly, they have developed the ability to harvest both nutrient sources provided by the diet and those derived from the host, such as protein and surface glycans. We have attempted to review recent developments that have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms at work in shaping the physiology of oral bacteria and how we might use this information to design and implement new treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Macauley MS, Crocker PR, Paulson JC. Siglec-mediated regulation of immune cell function in disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:653-66. [PMID: 25234143 DOI: 10.1038/nri3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All mammalian cells display a diverse array of glycan structures that differ from those that are found on microbial pathogens. Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors that participate in the discrimination between self and non-self, and that regulate the function of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through the recognition of their glycan ligands. In this Review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Siglecs in the regulation of immune cell function in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Building, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Siglecs are mammalian sialic acid (Sia) recognizing immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed across the major leukocyte lineages, and function to recognize ubiquitous Sia epitopes on cell surface glycoconjugates and regulate immunological and inflammatory activities of these cells. A large subset referred to as CD33-related Siglecs are inhibitory receptors that limit leukocyte activation, and recent research has shown that the pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to these Siglecs in Sia- and protein-dependent fashion to downregulate leukocyte bactericidal capacity. Conversely, sialoadhesin is a macrophage phagocytic receptor that engages GBS and other sialylated pathogens to promote effective phagocytosis and antigen presentation for the adaptive immune response. A variety of other important Siglec interactions with bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens are beginning to be recognized. Siglec genes and binding specificities are rapidly evolving among primates, with key extant polymorphisms in human populations that may influence susceptibility to infection-associated disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and premature birth. This review summarizes current understanding of interactions between pathogens and Siglecs, a field of investigation that is likely to continue expanding in scope and medical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center Department of Pediatrics
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center Department of Pediatrics Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sensing the neuronal glycocalyx by glial sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Neuroscience 2014; 275:113-24. [PMID: 24924144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are cell surface receptors of microglia and oligodendrocytes that recognize the sialic acid cap of healthy neurons and neighboring glial cells. Upon ligand binding, Siglecs typically signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) to keep the cell in a homeostatic status and support healthy neighboring cells. Siglecs can be divided into two groups; the first, being conserved among different species. The conserved Siglec-4/myelin-associated glycoprotein is expressed on oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Siglec-4 protects neurons from acute toxicity via interaction with sialic acids bound to neuronal gangliosides. The second group of Siglecs, named CD33-related Siglecs, is almost exclusively expressed on immune cells and is highly variable among different species. Microglial expression of Siglec-11 is human lineage-specific and prevents neurotoxicity via interaction with α2.8-linked sialic acid oligomers exposed on the neuronal glycocalyx. Microglial Siglec-E is a mouse CD33-related Siglec member that prevents microglial phagocytosis and the associated oxidative burst. Mouse Siglec-E of microglia binds to α2.8- and α2.3-linked sialic acid residues of the healthy glycocalyx of neuronal and glial cells. Recently, polymorphisms of the human Siglec-3/CD33 were linked to late onset Alzheimer's disease by genome-wide association studies. Human Siglec-3 is expressed on microglia and produces inhibitory signaling that decreases uptake of particular molecules such as amyloid-β aggregates. Thus, glial ITIM-signaling Siglecs recognize the intact glycocalyx of neurons and are involved in the modulation of neuron-glia interaction in healthy and diseased brain.
Collapse
|
42
|
Priego-Capote F, Orozco-Solano MI, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro MD. Quantitative determination and confirmatory analysis of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in serum and urine by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:88-96. [PMID: 24800968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-acetylglycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), two acylated derivatives of 9-C carboxylated monosaccharides, are involved in a number of biological processes as modulators of glycoconjugates. A partially automated method is here presented for determination of these sialic acids in the two most important biofluids for clinical analysis: serum and urine. For this purpose, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) workstation was on-line connected to an LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole mass detector. Hydrolysis to release sialic acids bound to glycoconjugates and derivatization were the two steps implemented as sample preparation prior to SPE-LC-MS/MS analysis. Following thorough optimization of the SPE and LC-MS/MS conditions, the analytical method was validated using the standard addition approach to assess the presence of matrix effects. The proposed method affords detection limits of 0.03ng/mL and 0.04ng/mL for Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, respectively. The precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was 1.7 and 4.6% for within-day variability, and 4.8 and 7.2% for between-days variability. Accuracy, estimated using spiked (between 1 and 50ng/mL) and non-spiked samples of both biofluids, ranged from 95.2 to 99.6%. The method was applied to human serum and urine of healthy volunteers, thus showing its suitability for application in both clinical and research laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
| | - M I Orozco-Solano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang YC, Olson J, Beasley FC, Tung C, Zhang J, Crocker PR, Varki A, Nizet V. Group B Streptococcus engages an inhibitory Siglec through sialic acid mimicry to blunt innate immune and inflammatory responses in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003846. [PMID: 24391502 PMCID: PMC3879367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common agent of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns. The GBS surface capsule contains sialic acids (Sia) that engage Sia-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) on leukocytes. Here we use mice lacking Siglec-E, an inhibitory Siglec of myelomonocytic cells, to study the significance of GBS Siglec engagement during in vivo infection. We found GBS bound to Siglec-E in a Sia-specific fashion to blunt NF-κB and MAPK activation. As a consequence, Siglec-E-deficient macrophages had enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity against the pathogen. Following pulmonary or low-dose intravenous GBS challenge, Siglec-E KO mice produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibited reduced GBS invasion of the central nervous system. In contrast, upon high dose lethal challenges, cytokine storm in Siglec-E KO mice was associated with accelerated mortality. We conclude that GBS Sia mimicry influences host innate immune and inflammatory responses in vivo through engagement of an inhibitory Siglec, with the ultimate outcome of the host response varying depending upon the site, stage and magnitude of infection. The bacterium Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes serious infections such as meningitis in human newborn babies. The surface of GBS is coated with a capsule made of sugar molecules. Prominent among these is sialic acid (Sia), a human-like sugar that interacts with protein receptors called Siglecs on the surface of our white blood cells. In a test tube, GBS Sia binding to human Siglecs can suppress white blood cell activation, reducing their bacterial killing abilities; however, the significance of this during actual infection was unknown. To answer this question, we studied mice for which a key white blood cell Siglec has been genetically deleted. When infected with GBS, white blood cells from the mutant mice are not shut off by the pathogen's Sia-containing sugar capsule. The white blood cells from the Siglec-deficient mice are better at killing GBS and are able to clear infection more quickly than a normal mouse. However, if the mice are given an overwhelming dose of GBS bacteria, exaggerated white blood activation can trigger shock and more rapid death. These studies show how “molecular mimicry” of sugar molecules in the host can influence a bacterial pathogen's interaction with the immune system and the outcome of infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/genetics
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/genetics
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology
- Streptococcal Infections/genetics
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/pathology
- Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Federico C. Beasley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Tung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (VN)
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (VN)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Inducing host protection in pneumococcal sepsis by preactivation of the Ashwell-Morell receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20218-23. [PMID: 24284176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313905110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocytic Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR) of hepatocytes detects pathogen remodeling of host glycoproteins by neuraminidase in the bloodstream and mitigates the lethal coagulopathy of sepsis. We have investigated the mechanism of host protection by the AMR during the onset of sepsis and in response to the desialylation of blood glycoproteins by the NanA neuraminidase of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We find that the AMR selects among potential glycoprotein ligands unmasked by microbial neuraminidase activity in pneumococcal sepsis to eliminate from blood circulation host factors that contribute to coagulation and thrombosis. This protection is attributable in large part to the rapid induction of a moderate thrombocytopenia by the AMR. We further show that neuraminidase activity in the blood can be manipulated to induce the clearance of AMR ligands including platelets, thereby preactivating a protective response in pneumococcal sepsis that moderates the severity of disseminated intravascular coagulation and enables host survival.
Collapse
|
45
|
Settem RP, Honma K, Stafford GP, Sharma A. Protein-linked glycans in periodontal bacteria: prevalence and role at the immune interface. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:310. [PMID: 24146665 PMCID: PMC3797959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modification with complex glycans is increasingly being recognized in many pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and is now thought to be central to the successful life-style of those species in their respective hosts. This review aims to convey current knowledge on the extent of protein glycosylation in periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its role in the modulation of the host immune responses. The available data show that surface glycans of periodontal bacteria orchestrate dendritic cell cytokine responses to drive T cell immunity in ways that facilitate bacterial persistence in the host and induce periodontal inflammation. In addition, surface glycans may help certain periodontal bacteria protect against serum complement attack or help them escape immune detection through glycomimicry. In this review we will focus mainly on the generalized surface-layer protein glycosylation system of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia in shaping innate and adaptive host immunity in the context of periodontal disease. In addition, we will also review the current state of knowledge of surface protein glycosylation and its potential for immune modulation in other periodontal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Identification of trans-sialidases as a common mediator of endothelial cell activation by African trypanosomes. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003710. [PMID: 24130501 PMCID: PMC3795030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding African Trypanosomiasis (AT) host-pathogen interaction is the key to an "anti-disease vaccine", a novel strategy to control AT. Here we provide a better insight into this poorly described interaction by characterizing the activation of a panel of endothelial cells by bloodstream forms of four African trypanosome species, known to interact with host endothelium. T. congolense, T. vivax, and T. b. gambiense activated the endothelial NF-κB pathway, but interestingly, not T. b. brucei. The parasitic TS (trans-sialidases) mediated this NF-κB activation, remarkably via their lectin-like domain and induced production of pro-inflammatory molecules not only in vitro but also in vivo, suggesting a considerable impact on pathogenesis. For the first time, TS activity was identified in T. b. gambiense BSF which distinguishes it from the subspecies T. b. brucei. The corresponding TS were characterized and shown to activate endothelial cells, suggesting that TS represent a common mediator of endothelium activation among trypanosome species with divergent physiopathologies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) results in colonization, which can lead to local or invasive disease, of which pneumonia is the most common manifestation. Despite the availability of pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcal pneumonia is the leading cause of community and inhospital pneumonia in the United States and globally. This article discusses new insights into the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. RECENT FINDINGS The host-microbe interactions that determine whether pneumococcal colonization will result in clearance or invasive disease are highly complex. This article focuses on new information in three areas that bear on the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease: factors that govern colonization, the prelude to invasive disease, including effects on colonization and invasion of capsular serotype, pneumolysin, surface proteins that regulate complement deposition, biofilm formation and agglutination; the effect of coinfection with other bacteria and viruses on pneumococcal growth and virulence, including the synergistic effect of influenza virus; and the contribution of the host inflammatory response to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia, including the effects of pattern recognition molecules, cells that enhance and modulate inflammation, and therapies that modulate inflammation, such as statins. SUMMARY Recent research on pneumococcal pathogenesis reveals new mechanisms by which microbial factors govern the ability of pneumococcus to progress from the state of colonization to disease and host inflammatory responses contribute to the development of pneumonia. These mechanisms suggest that therapies which modulate the inflammatory response could hold promise for ameliorating damage stemming from the host inflammatory response in pneumococcal disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
Rajasekaran S, Reddy NM, Zhang W, Reddy SP. Expression profiling of genes regulated by Fra-1/AP-1 transcription factor during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:381. [PMID: 23758685 PMCID: PMC3685523 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Fra-1/AP-1 transcription factor regulates the expression of genes controlling various processes including migration, invasion, and survival as well as extracellular remodeling. We recently demonstrated that loss of Fra-1 leads to exacerbated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by enhanced expression of various inflammatory and fibrotic genes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Fra-1 confers protection during bleomycin-induced lung injury, genome-wide mRNA expression profiling was performed. Results We found that Fra-1 regulates gene expression programs that include: 1) several cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation, 2) several genes involved in the extracellular remodeling and cell adhesion, and 3) several genes involved in programmed cell death. Conclusion Loss of Fra-1 leads to the enhanced expression of genes regulating inflammation and immune responses and decreased the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, suggesting that this transcription factor distinctly modulates early pro-fibrotic cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Division of Developmental Biology and Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Unified theory of bacterial sialometabolism: how and why bacteria metabolize host sialic acids. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 2013:816713. [PMID: 23724337 PMCID: PMC3658417 DOI: 10.1155/2013/816713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are structurally diverse nine-carbon ketosugars found mostly in humans and other animals as the terminal units on carbohydrate chains linked to proteins or lipids. The sialic acids function in cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions necessary for organismic development and homeostasis. They not only pose a barrier to microorganisms inhabiting or invading an animal mucosal surface, but also present a source of potential carbon, nitrogen, and cell wall metabolites necessary for bacterial colonization, persistence, growth, and, occasionally, disease. The explosion of microbial genomic sequencing projects reveals remarkable diversity in bacterial sialic acid metabolic potential. How bacteria exploit host sialic acids includes a surprisingly complex array of metabolic and regulatory capabilities that is just now entering a mature research stage. This paper attempts to describe the variety of bacterial sialometabolic systems by focusing on recent advances at the molecular and host-microbe-interaction levels. The hope is that this focus will provide a framework for further research that holds promise for better understanding of the metabolic interplay between bacterial growth and the host environment. An ability to modify or block this interplay has already yielded important new insights into potentially new therapeutic approaches for modifying or blocking bacterial colonization or infection.
Collapse
|
50
|
Brittan JL, Buckeridge TJ, Finn A, Kadioglu A, Jenkinson HF. Pneumococcal neuraminidase A: an essential upper airway colonization factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Oral Microbiol 2012; 27:270-83. [PMID: 22759312 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the upper respiratory tract from where the organisms may disseminate systemically to cause life threatening infections. The mechanisms by which pneumococci colonize epithelia are not understood, but neuraminidase A (NanA) has a major role in promoting growth and survival in the upper respiratory tract. In this article we show that mutants of S. pneumoniae D39 deficient in NanA or neuraminidase B (NanB) are abrogated in adherence to three epithelial cell lines, and to primary nasopharyngeal cells. Adherence levels were partly restored by nanA complementation in trans. Enzymic activity of NanA was shown to be necessary for pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells, and adherence of the nanA mutant was restored to wild-type level by pre-incubation of epithelial cells with Lactococcus lactis cells expressing NanA. Pneumococcal nanA or nanB mutants were deficient in biofilm formation, while expression of NanA on L. lactis or Streptococcus gordonii promoted biofilm formation by these heterologous host organisms. The results suggest that NanA is an enzymic factor mediating adherence to epithelial cells by decrypting receptors for adhesion, and functions at least in part as an adhesin in biofilm formation. Neuraminidase A thus appears to play multiple temporal roles in pneumococcal infection, from adherence to host tissues, colonization, and community development, to systemic spread and crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Brittan
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|