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Khorram-Manesh A, Burkle FM, Goniewicz K. Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024; 15:267-285. [PMID: 39039818 PMCID: PMC11391372 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Alves DFS, Rosa DD, Finatto LB, Rigatti B, Anna PTS. Prospective monitoring of patients undergoing radiotherapy during COVID-19. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231421. [PMID: 39045950 PMCID: PMC11288279 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of consecutive patients undergoing radiotherapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic at a private hospital in Southern Brazil from September 2020 to September 2021. METHODS This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board under project number 112 on April 17, 2020, and it was a prospective descriptive cohort study conducted in a Brazilian radiotherapy department from September 2020 to September 2021. It involved the weekly administration of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire Core 30 questionnaires via telephone to consecutively assess patients with pathology-proven cancer diagnoses. These questionnaires captured both demographic data and patients' concerns related to the pandemic, providing a comprehensive overview of their quality of life during radiotherapy treatment. RESULTS In this study, 141 patients were analyzed, predominantly female (69.5%) with an average age of 61 years. Breast and prostate were the most treated sites, accounting for 51 and 19% of cases, respectively. The majority of treatments lasted between 3 and 5 weeks (73.77%). A small fraction (4.26%) tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019. The findings also highlighted a relatively high quality of life, with mean global scores of 77.95 and emotional functioning scores of 87.53, indicating maintained well-being during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Oncological patients continuing radiotherapy at our center during the pandemic experienced a low coronavirus disease 2019 infection rate and maintained a high quality of life with minimal emotional distress throughout their treatment period.
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Hill R, Stentiford GD, Walker DI, Baker-Austin C, Ward G, Maskrey BH, van Aerle R, Verner-Jeffreys D, Peeler E, Bass D. Realising a global One Health disease surveillance approach: insights from wastewater and beyond. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5324. [PMID: 38909028 PMCID: PMC11193741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One Health is a recognition of the shared environment inhabited by humans, animals and plants, and the impact of their interactions on the health of all organisms. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a framework of pathogen surveillance in a tractable One Health paradigm to allow timely detection and response to threats to human and animal health. We present case studies centered around the recent global approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance and the current interest in wastewater testing, with the concept of "one sample many analyses" to be further explored as the most appropriate means of initiating this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hill
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Genomics Facility, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - David I Walker
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.
| | - Georgia Ward
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Edmund Peeler
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - David Bass
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
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Purcell‐Wiltz A, Zamuner FT, Caraballo K, De Jesus L, Miranda Y, Ortiz D, Negrón AG, Ortiz AC, Baez A, Romaguera J, Jiménez I, Ortiz A, Acevedo J, Viera L, Sidransky D, Guerrero‐Preston R. Evaluation of self-collected nasal, urine, and saliva samples for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 using an EUA approved RT-PCR assay and a laboratory developed LAMP SARS-CoV-2 test. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1285. [PMID: 38888444 PMCID: PMC11184932 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread throughout the world, millions of positive cases of COVID-19 were registered and, even though there are millions of people already vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, a large part of the global population remains vulnerable to contracting the virus. Massive nasopharyngeal sample collection in Puerto Rico at the beginning of the pandemic was limited by the scarcity of trained personnel and testing sites. To increase SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing availability, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected nasal, saliva, and urine samples using the TaqPath reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 kit to detect SARS-CoV-2. We also created a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) laboratory developed test (LDT) to detect SARS-CoV-2, as another strategy to increase the availability of molecular testing in community-based laboratories. Automated RNA extraction was performed in the KingFisher Flex instrument, followed by PCR quantification of SARS-CoV-2 on the 7500 Fast Dx RT-PCR using the TaqPath RT-PCR COVID-19 molecular test. Data was interpreted by the COVID-19 Interpretive Software from Applied Biosystems and statistically analyzed with Cohen's kappa coefficient (k). Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) for paired nasal and saliva samples showed moderate agreement (0.52). Saliva samples exhibited a higher viral load. We also observed 90% concordance between LifeGene-Biomarks' SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Colorimetric LAMP LDT and the TaqPath RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Our results suggest that self-collected saliva is superior to nasal and urine samples for COVID-19 testing. The results also suggest that the colorimetric LAMP LDT is a rapid alternative to RT-PCR tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. This test can be easily implemented in clinics, hospitals, the workplace, and at home; optimizing the surveillance and collection process, which helps mitigate global public health and socioeconomic upheaval caused by airborne pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Purcell‐Wiltz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
- Internal Medicine DepartmentSan Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguasPuerto Rico
| | - Fernando Tadeu Zamuner
- Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research DivisionJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Karem Caraballo
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Lorena De Jesus
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Yaima Miranda
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Denise Ortiz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Amanda García Negrón
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
| | - Andrea Cortés Ortiz
- Biomarker Discovery and Validation Laboratory, LifeGene‐BiomarksToa BajaPuerto Rico
- Internal Medicine DepartmentSan Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguasPuerto Rico
| | - Adriana Baez
- Otolaryngology DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Josefina Romaguera
- Obstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Ivonne Jiménez
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Jorge Acevedo
- Internal Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - David Sidransky
- Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research DivisionJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Sauer EL, Venesky MD, McMahon TA, Cohen JM, Bessler S, Brannelly LA, Brem F, Byrne AQ, Halstead N, Hyman O, Johnson PTJ, Richards-Zawacki CL, Rumschlag SL, Sears B, Rohr JR. Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14431. [PMID: 38712705 PMCID: PMC11441375 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a rich literature highlighting that pathogens are generally better adapted to infect local than novel hosts, and a separate seemingly contradictory literature indicating that novel pathogens pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and public health. Here, using Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the fungus associated with worldwide amphibian declines, we test the hypothesis that there is enough variance in "novel" (quantified by geographic and phylogenetic distance) host-pathogen outcomes to pose substantial risk of pathogen introductions despite local adaptation being common. Our continental-scale common garden experiment and global-scale meta-analysis demonstrate that local amphibian-fungal interactions result in higher pathogen prevalence, pathogen growth, and host mortality, but novel interactions led to variable consequences with especially virulent host-pathogen combinations still occurring. Thus, while most pathogen introductions are benign, enough variance exists in novel host-pathogen outcomes that moving organisms around the planet greatly increases the chance of pathogen introductions causing profound harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew D Venesky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taegan A McMahon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Biology Department, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeremy M Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott Bessler
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Brannelly
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Forrest Brem
- Biology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison Q Byrne
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Neal Halstead
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Wildlands Conservation, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Oliver Hyman
- Biology Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Corinne L Richards-Zawacki
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brittany Sears
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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Yuan D, Hu M, Yao N, Zhong H, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Effects of perceived stress on turnover intention of female healthcare staff: a serial multiple mediation model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1198. [PMID: 38685094 PMCID: PMC11059584 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare staff in China, especially females, work in a high-pressure, high-load, and high-risk environment, which affects the physical and mental health, the efficiency and quality of work, and increases turnover intention. The present study investigated the relationship between perceived stress and turnover intention in female healthcare staff, and the effects of future-oriented coping and work-family balance on this relationship. METHODS Four hundred thirty-five female medical workers were recruited to perform a perceived stress scale, future-oriented coping inventory, work-family balance scale and turnover intention scale. Meanwhile, serial multiple mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS. RESULTS 1) Perceived stress positively predicted the level of turnover intention in female healthcare staff; 2) Preventive coping and proactive coping showed mediation effects on the relationship between perceived stress and turnover intention, and preventive coping positively related to proactive coping; 3) The work-family balance also showed mediation effects on the relationship between perceived stress and turnover intention; 4) Preventive coping, proactive coping and work-family balance showed a serial multiple mediation on the relationship between perceived stress and turnover intention in female healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress affects the level of turnover intention in female healthcare staff through preventive coping, proactive coping, and work-family balance. In addition, the sequential model of future-oriented coping was validated among female healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Yuan
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Muli Hu
- Department of Human Resources, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Na Yao
- Department of Human Resources, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhong
- Department of Human Resources & Office of Talents Recruitment and Development of Central, South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yinghong Xiao
- Central South University Education Foundation, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center On Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, 410011, China.
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Orf GS, Ahouidi AD, Mata M, Diedhiou C, Mboup A, Padane A, Manga NM, Dela-del Lawson AT, Averhoff F, Berg MG, Cloherty GA, Mboup S. Next-generation sequencing survey of acute febrile illness in Senegal (2020-2022). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362714. [PMID: 38655084 PMCID: PMC11037400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non-Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a laboratory setting can be used to identify known and novel pathogens in individuals with AFI. Methods In this study, plasma was collected from 228 febrile patients tested negative for malaria at clinics across Senegal from 2020-2022. Total nucleic acids were extracted and converted to metagenomic NGS libraries. To identify viral pathogens, especially those present at low concentration, an aliquot of each library was processed with a viral enrichment panel and sequenced. Corresponding metagenomic libraries were also sequenced to identify non-viral pathogens. Results and Discussion Sequencing reads for pathogens with a possible link to febrile illness were identified in 51/228 specimens, including (but not limited to): Borrelia crocidurae (N = 7), West Nile virus (N = 3), Rickettsia felis (N = 2), Bartonella quintana (N = 1), human herpesvirus 8 (N = 1), and Saffold virus (N = 1). Reads corresponding to Plasmodium falciparum were detected in 19 specimens, though their presence in the cohort was likely due to user error of rapid diagnostic testing or incorrect specimen segregation at the clinics. Mosquito-borne pathogens were typically detected just after the conclusion of the rainy season, while tick-borne pathogens were mostly detected before the rainy season. The three West Nile virus strains were phylogenetically characterized and shown to be related to both European and North American clades. Surveys such as this will increase the understanding of the potential causes of non-malarial AFI, which may help inform diagnostic and treatment options for clinicians who provide care to patients in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Orf
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Ambroise D. Ahouidi
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maximillian Mata
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Cyrille Diedhiou
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aminata Mboup
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdou Padane
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Noel Magloire Manga
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université Assane Seck, Hôpital de la Paix, Ziguinchor, Senegal
| | | | - Francisco Averhoff
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Michael G. Berg
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Gavin A. Cloherty
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
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Ramoti N, Siahaan AMP, Indharty S, Adella CA. Effect of face masks on dyspnea perception, cardiopulmonary parameters, and facial temperature in healthy adults. NARRA J 2024; 4:e574. [PMID: 38798847 PMCID: PMC11125298 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory droplets, naturally produced during expiration, can transmit pathogens from infected individuals. Wearing a face mask is crucial to prevent such transmission, yet the perception of dyspnea and uncomfortable breathing remains a common concern, particularly during epidemics. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of face mask use on the perception of dyspnea, cardiopulmonary parameters, and facial temperature during physical activity. A randomized crossover study was conducted on healthy adults at a physiology laboratory located in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, in November 2022. Participants underwent five stages of physical exercise tests based on the Bruce Protocol under three conditions: without any face mask (control), wearing a surgical mask, and an N95 mask, forming the study's main groups. Dyspnea perception (measured by the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale), cardiopulmonary parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) and facial temperature were measured before the exercise test (pre-workout), at the end of stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and after the whole exercise test (post-workout). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted, considering two factors: the type of mask (control, surgical mask, N95 mask) and the various stages of the exercise test. A total of 36 healthy adults were included in the study. We found that dyspnea perception was much worse in the N95 mask group, particularly during vigorous exercise. There was no significant difference between groups in cardiopulmonary parameters. However, participants wearing N95 had a greater supralabial temperature than those wearing surgical masks or no mask at all. It is recommended to undertake a more in-depth evaluation of cardiopulmonary physiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Ramoti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Andre MP. Siahaan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Suzy Indharty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Cut A. Adella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Dickson CA, Ergun-Longmire B, Greydanus DE, Eke R, Giedeman B, Nickson NM, Hoang LN, Adabanya U, Payares DVP, Chahin S, McCrary J, White K, Moon JH, Haitova N, Deleon J, Apple RW. Health equity in pediatrics: Current concepts for the care of children in the 21st century (Dis Mon). Dis Mon 2024; 70:101631. [PMID: 37739834 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This is an analysis of important aspects of health equity in caring for children and adolescents written by a multidisciplinary team from different medical centers. In this discussion for clinicians, we look at definitions of pediatric health equity and the enormous impact of social determinants of health in this area. Factors involved with pediatric healthcare disparities that are considered include race, ethnicity, gender, age, poverty, socioeconomic status, LGBT status, living in rural communities, housing instability, food insecurity, access to transportation, availability of healthcare professionals, the status of education, and employment as well as immigration. Additional issues involved with health equity in pediatrics that are reviewed will include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral health concepts, and the negative health effects of climate change. Recommendations that are presented include reflection of one's own attitudes on as well as an understanding of these topics, consideration of the role of various healthcare providers (i.e., community health workers, peer health navigators, others), the impact of behavioral health integration, and the need for well-conceived curricula as well as multi-faceted training programs in pediatric health equity at the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education levels. Furthermore, ongoing research in pediatric health equity is needed to scrutinize current concepts and stimulate the development of ideas with an ever-greater positive influence on the health of our beloved children. Clinicians caring for children can serve as champions for the optimal health of children and their families; in addition, these healthcare professionals are uniquely positioned in their daily work to understand the drivers of health inequities and to be advocates for optimal health equity in the 21st century for all children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Dickson
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Donald E Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| | - Ransome Eke
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Bethany Giedeman
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nikoli M Nickson
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Linh-Nhu Hoang
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Uzochukwu Adabanya
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Daniela V Pinto Payares
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Summer Chahin
- Department of Psychology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital/Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jerica McCrary
- Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Katie White
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jin Hyung Moon
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Nizoramo Haitova
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jocelyn Deleon
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Roger W Apple
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Padhi AK, Maurya S. Uncovering the secrets of resistance: An introduction to computational methods in infectious disease research. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 139:173-220. [PMID: 38448135 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern with significant implications for infectious disease control and therapeutics development. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of computational methods in the study of AMR. We explore the prevalence and statistics of AMR, underscoring its alarming impact on public health. The role of AMR in infectious disease outbreaks and its impact on therapeutics development are discussed, emphasizing the need for novel strategies. Resistance mutations are pivotal in AMR, enabling pathogens to evade antimicrobial treatments. We delve into their importance and contribution to the spread of AMR. Experimental methods for quantitatively evaluating resistance mutations are described, along with their limitations. To address these challenges, computational methods provide promising solutions. We highlight the advantages of computational approaches, including rapid analysis of large datasets and prediction of resistance profiles. A comprehensive overview of computational methods for studying AMR is presented, encompassing genomics, proteomics, structural bioinformatics, network analysis, and machine learning algorithms. The strengths and limitations of each method are briefly outlined. Additionally, we introduce ResScan-design, our own computational method, which employs a protein (re)design protocol to identify potential resistance mutations and adaptation signatures in pathogens. Case studies are discussed to showcase the application of ResScan in elucidating hotspot residues, understanding underlying mechanisms, and guiding the design of effective therapies. In conclusion, we emphasize the value of computational methods in understanding and combating AMR. Integration of experimental and computational approaches can expedite the discovery of innovative antimicrobial treatments and mitigate the threat posed by AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Padhi
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biomolecular Design, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shweata Maurya
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biomolecular Design, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Rasmussen AL, Gronvall GK, Lowen AC, Goodrum F, Alwine J, Andersen KG, Anthony SJ, Baines J, Banerjee A, Broadbent AJ, Brooke CB, Campos SK, Caposio P, Casadevall A, Chan GC, Cliffe AR, Collins-McMillen D, Connell N, Damania B, Daugherty MD, Debbink K, Dermody TS, DiMaio D, Duprex WP, Emerman M, Galloway DA, Garry RF, Goldstein SA, Greninger AL, Hartman AL, Hogue BG, Horner SM, Hotez PJ, Jung JU, Kamil JP, Karst SM, Laimins L, Lakdawala SS, Landais I, Letko M, Lindenbach B, Liu SL, Luftig M, McFadden G, Mehle A, Morrison J, Moscona A, Mühlberger E, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Neufeldt CJ, Nikolich JZ, O'Connor CM, Pekosz A, Permar SR, Pfeiffer JK, Popescu SV, Purdy JG, Racaniello VR, Rice CM, Runstadler JA, Sapp MJ, Scott RS, Smith GA, Sorrell EM, Speranza E, Streblow D, Tibbetts SA, Toth Z, Van Doorslaer K, Weiss SR, White EA, White TM, Wobus CE, Worobey M, Yamaoka S, Yurochko A. Virology-the path forward. J Virol 2024; 98:e0179123. [PMID: 38168672 PMCID: PMC10804978 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01791-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the United States (US), biosafety and biosecurity oversight of research on viruses is being reappraised. Safety in virology research is paramount and oversight frameworks should be reviewed periodically. Changes should be made with care, however, to avoid impeding science that is essential for rapidly reducing and responding to pandemic threats as well as addressing more common challenges caused by infectious diseases. Decades of research uniquely positioned the US to be able to respond to the COVID-19 crisis with astounding speed, delivering life-saving vaccines within a year of identifying the virus. We should embolden and empower this strength, which is a vital part of protecting the health, economy, and security of US citizens. Herein, we offer our perspectives on priorities for revised rules governing virology research in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Rasmussen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gigi K. Gronvall
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristian G. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simon J. Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joel Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Broadbent
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher B. Brooke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel K. Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary C. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna R. Cliffe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Nancy Connell
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew D. Daugherty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kari Debbink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Denise A. Galloway
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen A. Goldstein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brenda G. Hogue
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Stacy M. Horner
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Kamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lou Laimins
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Seema S. Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Igor Landais
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Letko
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Brett Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Micah Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Karl Münger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Janko Z. Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Aegis Consortium for a Pandemic-Free Future, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie K. Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Saskia V. Popescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John G. Purdy
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Vincent R. Racaniello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin J. Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory A. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin M. Sorrell
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Speranza
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Scott A. Tibbetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zsolt Toth
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Susan R. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy M. White
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Satoko Yamaoka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew Yurochko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Luo W, Mohammed J. Mental health status and coping strategies of Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296309. [PMID: 38134210 PMCID: PMC10745188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in December 2019, students have been under unparalleled psychological stress worldwide. As part of its prevention and control strategies, the Chinese Ministry of Education proposed online teaching activities for universities. For the first time, teaching and learning shifted completely online, significantly impacting university students used to classroom learning. This research addresses the knowledge gap about the mental health and coping strategies employed by Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline, Cochranes and CNKI) were searched systematically from 2019 to 2023, as part of this literature review. From the 349 articles found, 25 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Thematic analysis was used to identify six sub-themes, organized under two main themes: Mental health issues of Chinese university students and their coping mechanisms. Heightened stress, anxiety, and depression appeared in Chinese university students during the pandemic, which may have been compounded by their isolation and the disruptions to their studies. Although the impact of COVID-19 on Chinese university students is waning, this study emphasizes the potential long-lasting impact on their mental health, which requires further investigation, particularly regarding gender differences. Moreover, positive and negative coping strategies were found in this review. Strategies for seeking social and family support and participating in sports activities had significant alleviating effects, while negative coping strategies such as alcohol-use and smoking did not. This rapid review informs the development of policies and interventions to enhance the mental health of university students during crisis events. The findings serve to inform health policymakers, university psychologists, and educators in improving the well-being of this student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jalal Mohammed
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Jacobsen L, Hungerland J, Bačić V, Gerhards L, Schuhmann F, Solov’yov IA. Introducing the Automated Ligand Searcher. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7518-7528. [PMID: 37983165 PMCID: PMC10716895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The Automated Ligand Searcher (ALISE) is designed as an automated computational drug discovery tool. To approximate the binding free energy of ligands to a receptor, ALISE includes a three-stage workflow, with each stage involving an increasingly sophisticated computational method: molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and free energy perturbation, respectively. To narrow the number of potential ligands, poorly performing ligands are gradually segregated out. The performance and usability of ALISE are benchmarked for a case study containing known active ligands and decoys for the HIV protease. The example illustrates that ALISE filters the decoys successfully and demonstrates that the automation, comprehensiveness, and user-friendliness of the software make it a valuable tool for improved and faster drug development workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Jacobsen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Hungerland
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Bačić
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schuhmann
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Niels
Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research
Centre for Neurosensory Science, Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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14
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Ruta MV, Alexescu T, Todea DA, Motoc NS, Necrelescu OL, Campean AU, Toma C, Crisan CA, Man MA. COVID-19 "Nightmare": Perceived Stress, Emotional Distress, and Burnout Syndrome among Medical Staff after One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1640. [PMID: 38138867 PMCID: PMC10744827 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) After one year of treating patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, physical exhaustion is added to emotional stress and burnout syndrome. (2) By applying specific questionnaires, we evaluated healthcare workers who handled patients infected with SARS-CoV-2in terms of disease perception, perceived stress, emotional distress, and burnout syndrome after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared them with staff who did not handle infected patients. (3) A total of 165 persons were evaluated, with 79 working in the COVID-19 department and 86 working in the non-COVID-19 department. No statistically significant differences were found in the perceived stress scores, emotional distress (functional or dysfunctional), and disease perception among the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Also, we did not find any differences between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 departments concerning their total Maslach scores-50 in the COVID-19 department and 51 in the non-COVID-19 department, p = 0480-so a moderate level of burnout in the two groups. The only statistical difference was in the Maslach depersonalization scores, which were higher among COVID-19 workers (p = 0.024). (4) In our center, there was no statistically significant difference in perceived stress or emotional distress. The level of burnout syndrome seems to be the same among the two groups, regardless if they worked withCOVID-19-infected patients or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Ruta
- “Leon Daniello” Clinical Hospital of Pulmonology, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.R.); (O.L.N.)
| | - Teodora Alexescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Medical Sciences—Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Stefania Motoc
- Department of Medical Sciences—Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Octavia Luiza Necrelescu
- “Leon Daniello” Clinical Hospital of Pulmonology, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.R.); (O.L.N.)
| | - Andrada Urda Campean
- Department of Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Claudia Toma
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Catalina Angela Crisan
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry—Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Milena Adina Man
- Department of Medical Sciences—Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
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15
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Mátrai Á, Teutsch B, Pethő B, Kaposi AD, Hegyi P, Ács N. Reducing the Risk of Birth Defects Associated with Maternal Influenza: Insights from a Hungarian Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6934. [PMID: 37959399 PMCID: PMC10650197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses can cause several complications during pregnancy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of influenza on the development of congenital abnormalities (CAs) by analyzing the database of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA). In our multicenter, case-control, population-based study, we processed clinician-reported outcomes and diagnoses collected in the HCCSCA. The case group included newborns with different non-chromosomal birth defects, while the controls were newborns without CAs. Maternal influenza, as a risk factor for CAs, was analyzed by using a logistic regression model and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our results showed that maternal influenza in the first trimester was associated with increased odds of developing non-chromosomal CAs (OR: 1.41, CI: 1.28-1.55). There were increased odds of neural tube defects (OR: 2.22, CI: 1.78-2.76), orofacial clefts (OR: 2.28, CI: 1.87-2.78), and congenital heart defects (OR: 1.28, CI: 1.10-1.49) after influenza infection. In all cases, we found a protective effect of folic acid supplementation in the first trimester. In summary, the odds of non-chromosomal birth defects are higher after maternal influenza in the first trimester, and folic acid or pregnancy vitamin supplementation and antipyretic therapy may reduce the effect of maternal influenza during the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Mátrai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.M.); (B.P.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Brigitta Teutsch
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (P.H.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Pethő
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.M.); (B.P.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (P.H.)
| | - András D. Kaposi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (P.H.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.M.); (B.P.)
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16
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DE LA Cruz C, Resnick PB, Roos KG, Nakajima M. An Analysis of Confidence Levels in Athletic Training Students During the Coronavirus Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:1284-1292. [PMID: 38287969 PMCID: PMC10824290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic created a challenge to athletic training students, with many classes converted to online education, and many clinical experiences interrupted. These changes may have negatively affected the confidence level of athletic training students in their athletic training skills. Purpose To determine if athletic training students' educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted their confidence levels in completing athletic training skills. Procedures: A cross-sectional design using an online survey of 56 athletic training students from 33 CAATE accredited athletic training programs was used. The survey consisted of questions about the percentage of online learning, didactically and clinically, during the pandemic and confidence levels for skills within the five athletic training domains. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and factorial ANOVAs were used to analyze the level of confidence by semester of clinical experience. Main Findings Factorial ANOVA demonstrated lower perceived confidence levels for students who had more online clinical experience for the following domains: injury and illness prevention and wellness promotion, therapeutic intervention, and healthcare administration and professional responsibility. Confidence was also lower in correctly performing the clinical skills for evaluating spine and torso, developing and implementing a rehabilitation program for the lower extremity, and developing and implementing a rehabilitation program for the back. Principal. Conclusion Athletic training students who had large portion of their clinical and classroom experience online had perceived lower levels of confidence in performing clinical and administrative skills. Online learning may influence athletic training students' confidence level in performing athletic training skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Portia B Resnick
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, US
| | - Karen G Roos
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, US
| | - Mimi Nakajima
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, US
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17
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Rivarez MPS, Faure C, Svanella-Dumas L, Pecman A, Tušek-Žnidaric M, Schönegger D, De Jonghe K, Blouin A, Rasmussen DA, Massart S, Ravnikar M, Kutnjak D, Marais A, Candresse T. Diversity and Pathobiology of an Ilarvirus Unexpectedly Detected in Diverse Plants and Global Sequencing Data. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1729-1744. [PMID: 37399026 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0465-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and sequence mining tools revolutionized virus detection and discovery in recent years, and implementing them with classical plant virology techniques results in a powerful approach to characterize viruses. An example of a virus discovered through HTS is Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 (SnIV1) (Bromoviridae), which was recently reported in various solanaceous plants from France, Slovenia, Greece, and South Africa. It was likewise detected in grapevines (Vitaceae) and several Fabaceae and Rosaceae plant species. Such a diverse set of source organisms is atypical for ilarviruses, thus warranting further investigation. In this study, modern and classical virological tools were combined to accelerate the characterization of SnIV1. Through HTS-based virome surveys, mining of sequence read archive datasets, and a literature search, SnIV1 was further identified from diverse plant and non-plant sources globally. SnIV1 isolates showed relatively low variability compared with other phylogenetically related ilarviruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed a distinct basal clade of isolates from Europe, whereas the rest formed clades of mixed geographic origin. Furthermore, systemic infection of SnIV1 in Solanum villosum and its mechanical and graft transmissibility to solanaceous species were demonstrated. Near-identical SnIV1 genomes from the inoculum (S. villosum) and inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana were sequenced, thus partially fulfilling Koch's postulates. SnIV1 was shown to be seed-transmitted and potentially pollen-borne, has spherical virions, and possibly induces histopathological changes in infected N. benthamiana leaf tissues. Overall, this study provides information to better understand the diversity, global presence, and pathobiology of SnIV1; however, its possible emergence as a destructive pathogen remains uncertain. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Paul Selda Rivarez
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Chantal Faure
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Laurence Svanella-Dumas
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Anja Pecman
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek-Žnidaric
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Deborah Schönegger
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Kris De Jonghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blouin
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - David A Rasmussen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606, U.S.A
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Armelle Marais
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Thierry Candresse
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
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Wasik BR, Rothschild E, Voorhees IEH, Reedy SE, Murcia PR, Pusterla N, Chambers TM, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Kile JC, Parrish CR. Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead052. [PMID: 37692894 PMCID: PMC10484056 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-species virus transmission events can lead to dire public health emergencies in the form of epidemics and pandemics. One example in animals is the emergence of the H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), first isolated in 1963 in Miami, FL, USA, after emerging among horses in South America. In the early 21st century, the American lineage of EIV diverged into two 'Florida' clades that persist today, while an EIV transferred to dogs around 1999 and gave rise to the H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV), first reported in 2004. Here, we compare CIV in dogs and EIV in horses to reveal their host-specific evolution, to determine the sources and connections between significant outbreaks, and to gain insight into the factors controlling their different evolutionary fates. H3N8 CIV only circulated in North America, was geographically restricted after the first few years, and went extinct in 2016. Of the two EIV Florida clades, clade 1 circulates widely and shows frequent transfers between the USA and South America, Europe and elsewhere, while clade 2 was globally distributed early after it emerged, but since about 2018 has only been detected in Central Asia. Any potential zoonotic threat of these viruses to humans can only be determined with an understanding of its natural history and evolution. Our comparative analysis of these three viral lineages reveals distinct patterns and rates of sequence variation yet with similar overall evolution between clades, suggesting epidemiological intervention strategies for possible eradication of H3N8 EIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Evin Rothschild
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ian E H Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephanie E Reedy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Pablo R Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Public and Ecosystems Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James C Kile
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bakiika H, Obuku EA, Bukirwa J, Nakiire L, Robert A, Nabatanzi M, Robert M, Moses M, Achan MI, Kibanga JB, Nakanwagi A, Makumbi I, Nabukenya I, Lamorde M. Contribution of the one health approach to strengthening health security in Uganda: a case study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1498. [PMID: 37550671 PMCID: PMC10408150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The One Health approach is key in implementing International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) and the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). Uganda is signatory to the IHR 2005 and in 2017, the country conducted a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) that guided development of the National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) 2019-2023. AIM This study assessed the contribution of the One Health approach to strengthening health security in Uganda. METHODS A process evaluation between 25th September and 5th October 2020, using a mixed-methods case study. Participants were Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from government ministries, departments, agencies and implementing partners. Focus group discussions were conducted for five technical areas (workforce development, real-time surveillance, zoonotic diseases, national laboratory systems and emergency response operations), spanning 18 indicators and 96 activities. Funding and implementation status from the NAPHS launch in August 2019 to October 2020 was assessed with a One Health lens. RESULTS Full funding was available for 36.5% of activities while 40.6% were partially funded and 22.9% were not funded at all. Majority (65%) of the activities were still in progress, whereas 8.6% were fully implemented and14.2% were not yet done. In workforce development, several multisectoral trainings were conducted including the frontline public health fellowship program, the One Health fellowship and residency program, advanced field epidemiology training program, in-service veterinary trainings and 21 district One Health teams' trainings. Real Time Surveillance was achieved through incorporating animal health events reporting in the electronic integrated disease surveillance and response platform. The national and ten regional veterinary laboratories were assessed for capacity to conduct zoonotic disease diagnostics, two of which were integrated into the national specimen referral and transportation network. Multisectoral planning for emergency response and the actual response to prioritized zoonotic disease outbreaks was done jointly. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the contribution of 'One Health' implementation in strengthening Uganda's health security. Investment in the funding gaps will reinforce Uganda's health security to achieve the IHR 2005. Future studies could examine the impacts and cost-effectiveness of One Health in curbing prioritized zoonotic disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Bakiika
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Ekwaro A Obuku
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justine Bukirwa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lydia Nakiire
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aruho Robert
- Uganda Wildlife Authority, P.O Box 3530, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maureen Nabatanzi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mwebe Robert
- Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Industry and Fisheries, P.O Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mwanja Moses
- Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Industry and Fisheries, P.O Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - John Baptist Kibanga
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nakanwagi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Issa Makumbi
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Nabukenya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
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Oduro MS, Peprah P, Morgan AK, Agyemang-Duah W. Staying in or out? COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance and associated socio-demographic factors in rural India. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1439. [PMID: 37501140 PMCID: PMC10375657 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence on healthcare utilization avoidance during COVID-19 pandemic is emerging, such knowledge is limited in rural settings. An effective policy to the COVID-19 shocks and stresses in rural settings require empirical evidence to inform the design of health policies and programmes. To help overcome this evidence gap and also contribute to policy decisions, this study aimed at examining COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance and associated factors in rural India. METHODS This study used the third-round data from the COVID-19-Related Shocks in Rural India survey conducted between 20-24 September, 2020 across six states. The outcome variable considered in this study was COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance. Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Model via Multiple Imputation was used to assess the factors influencing COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance. RESULTS Data on 4,682 respondents were used in the study. Of this, the prevalence of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance was 15.5% in rural India across the six states. After adjusting for relevant covariates, participants from the Bihar State have significantly higher likelihood of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance compared to those from the Andhra Pradesh. Also, participants whose educational level exceeds high school, those who use government hospital/clinic, engage in daily wage labour in agriculture have significantly higher odds of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that state of residence, type of health facility used, primary work activity and educational level were associated with COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance in rural India. The findings suggest that policy makers and public health authorities need to formulate policies and design interventions that acknowledge socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence healthcare use avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Safo Oduro
- Pfizer, Inc., Pharm Sci and PGS Statistics, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Center, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Craig MO, Kim M, Beichner-Thomas D. Incarcerated in a Pandemic: How COVID-19 Exacerbated the “Pains of Imprisonment”. CRIMINAL JUSTICE REVIEW 2023:07340168231190467. [PMCID: PMC10375228 DOI: 10.1177/07340168231190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the exact toll of COVID-19 in U.S. prisons and jails is relatively undetermined, estimates show that deaths due to the virus in the nation's correctional facilities are approximately six times higher than deaths in the general population. During the pandemic, jail and prison structures as well as significant overcrowding made it virtually impossible to institute protective measures against infection in correctional settings. Jail and prison administrators suspended in-person visitation, leaving those incarcerated even further isolated, and their friends and family in fear for the health and safety of their loved ones. The present study examines narratives of individuals who spoke about their experiences while incarcerated during the pandemic. The data for the study were gathered from prison reform advocacy organizations that featured individuals’ stories. The narrative findings provide insight into the traumatic experiences that incarcerated people endured, how institutional failures exacerbated their mistrust of the criminal legal system, and their efforts to cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltonette Olivia Craig
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Criminal Justice Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Dawn Beichner-Thomas
- Department of Criminal Justice Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
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22
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Camargo D, Navarro-Tapia E, Pérez-Tur J, Cardona F. Relationship between COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement and Worsening or Onset of Depressive Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:899. [PMID: 37371377 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that the pandemic and associated confinement measures may have had an impact on mental health, producing the onset or persistence of symptoms such as stress, anxiety, depression, and fear. This systematic review aims to identify the factors influencing the onset or worsening of depressive symptoms during COVID-19-related confinement. Our systematic search produced 451 articles from selected databases, 398 of which were excluded based on established criteria, while 53 were selected for review. Most studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the general population during the first weeks of confinement. The predominant risk factors associated with the appearance of depressive symptoms included female sex, low educational level, young age, economic difficulties, comorbidities, and a history of previous depressive episodes. People with a pre-existing diagnosis of depressive disorder generally experienced a worsening of their symptoms during confinement in most of the reviewed studies. Moreover, symptomatology persisted at higher levels post-confinement, without significant improvement despite relief in confinement measures. Therefore, ongoing evaluations of post-pandemic depressive symptoms are necessary to advance the knowledge of the relationship between pandemics and depression, allowing accurate conclusions and associations to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Camargo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Herrera-Serrano JE, Guerrero-Díaz-de-León JA, Medina-Ramírez IE, Macías-Díaz JE. A multiconsistent computational methodology to resolve a diffusive epidemiological system with effects of migration, vaccination and quarantine. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 236:107526. [PMID: 37098304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We provide a compartmental model for the transmission of some contagious illnesses in a population. The model is based on partial differential equations, and takes into account seven sub-populations which are, concretely, susceptible, exposed, infected (asymptomatic or symptomatic), quarantined, recovered and vaccinated individuals along with migration. The goal is to propose and analyze an efficient computer method which resembles the dynamical properties of the epidemiological model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-local approach is utilized for finding approximate solutions for the mathematical model. To that end, a non-standard finite-difference technique is introduced. The finite-difference scheme is a linearly implicit model which may be rewritten using a suitable matrix. Under suitable circumstances, the matrices representing the methodology are M-matrices. RESULTS Analytically, the local asymptotic stability of the constant solutions is investigated and the next generation matrix technique is employed to calculate the reproduction number. Computationally, the dynamical consistency of the method and the numerical efficiency are investigated rigorously. The method is thoroughly examined for its convergence, stability, and consistency. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical analysis of the method shows that it is able to maintain the positivity of its solutions and identify equilibria. The method's local asymptotic stability properties are similar to those of the continuous system. The analysis concludes that the numerical model is convergent, stable and consistent, with linear order of convergence in the temporal domain and quadratic order of convergence in the spatial variables. A computer implementation is used to confirm the mathematical properties, and it confirms the ability in our scheme to preserve positivity, and identify equilibrium solutions and their local asymptotic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Herrera-Serrano
- Basic Sciences Faculty, Aguascalientes Autonomous University, Ave. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags. 201000, Mexico; Academic Direction of Information Technologies and Mechatronics, Technological University of the North of Aguascalientes, Ave. Universidad 1001, La Estación Rincón, Rincón de Romos, Ags. 20400, Mexico.
| | - José A Guerrero-Díaz-de-León
- Department of Statistics, Aguascalientes Autonomous University, Ave. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, Aguascalientes Autonomous University, Ave. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Jorge E Macías-Díaz
- Department of Mathematics and Didactics of Mathematics, School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Narva Rd. 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Mathematics and Physics, Aguascalientes Autonomous University, Ave. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags. 20100, Mexico.
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24
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Liu M, Zhao Y, Shi Z, Zink JI, Yu Q. Virus-like Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Particles as a Universal Vaccination Platform against Pathogenic Infections. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6899-6911. [PMID: 36961475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most important way of population protection from life-threatening pathogenic infections. However, its efficiency is frequently compromised by a failure of strong antigen presentation and immune activation. Herein, we developed virus-like magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a universal vaccination platform (termed MagParV) for preventing pathogenic infections. This platform was constructed by integrating synthetic biology-based endoplasmic reticulum-targeting vesicles with magnetic mesoporous silica particles. This platform exhibited high antigen-loading capacity, strongly targeting the endoplasmic reticulum and promoting antigen presentation in dendritic cells. After prime-boost vaccination, the antigen-loading MagParV with AMF drastically elicited specific antibody production against corresponding antigens of fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. A systemic infection model further revealed that the platform effectively protected the mice from severe fungal systemic infections. This study realized synthetic biology-facilitated green manufacturing of vaccines, which is promising for magnetism-activated vaccination against different kinds of pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey I Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Li A, Wang Z, Moghadas SM. Modelling the impact of timelines of testing and isolation on disease control. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:58-71. [PMID: 36467718 PMCID: PMC9704027 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing and isolation remain a key component of public health responses to both persistent and emerging infectious diseases. Although the value of these measures have been demonstrated in combating recent outbreaks including the COVID-19 pandemic and monkeypox, their impact depends critically on the timelines of testing and start of isolation during the course of disease. To investigate this impact, we developed a delay differential model and incorporated age-since-symptom-onset as a parameter for delay in testing. We then used the model to compare the outcomes of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid antigen (RA) testing methods when isolation starts either at the time of testing or at the time of test result. Parameterizing the model with estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diagnostic sensitivity of the tests, we found that the reduction of disease transmission using the RA test can be comparable to that achieved by applying the RT-PCR test. Given constraints and inevitable delays associated with sample collection and laboratory assays in RT-PCR testing post symptom onset, self-administered RA tests with short turnaround times present a viable alternative for timely isolation of infectious cases.
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26
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Mc Call T, Lopez Lumbi S, Rinderhagen M, Heming M, Hornberg C, Liebig-Gonglach M. Risk Perception of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Influencing Factors and Implications for Environmental Health Crises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3363. [PMID: 36834056 PMCID: PMC9964339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and climate change are two simultaneously occurring large scale environmental health crises. This provides an opportunity to compare the risk perception of both crises in the population. In particular, whether experiencing the acute pandemic sensitizes people to the risks of ongoing climate change. METHODS Panel participants answered a web-based questionnaire. The risk perception of SARS-CoV-2 and influencing factors were assessed. Differences of risk perception dimensions regarding SARS-CoV-2 and climate change were analyzed as well as associations between dimensions. RESULTS The results show that an economic impact by the pandemic is associated with more dimensions of SARS-CoV-2 risk perception than an experienced health impact. Moreover, dimensions of risk perception of the pandemic and climate change are perceived differently. Furthermore, the affective dimension of pandemic risk perception is significantly associated with all dimensions of climate change risk perception. CONCLUSIONS Emotional-based coping with the risks of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with risk perception of climate change as well as various factors that shape the individuals' risk perception. It is currently necessary and will be increasingly necessary in the future to solve coexisting crises, not selectively, but in a common context within the framework of a social-ecological and economic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mc Call
- Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Meike Heming
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hornberg
- Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Ishiwata S, Hibino T, Sakashita T, Nishioka M, Inoue T, Kotake T. Applicability of on-site disinfection of personal protective equipment by ozone gas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13360. [PMID: 36776915 PMCID: PMC9894677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
On-site disinfection techniques are beneficial during a pandemic when there is a marked shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), as experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Ozone gas has been considered an alternative on-site disinfectant during a pandemic because it has antimicrobial activities, can be produced from air by electricity without the need for storage, and can be easily deactivated after use. However, ozone gas might become distributed at the lower layer because it has a larger molecular weight than air. This study aimed to reveal the applicability of ozone gas for the on-site disinfection of PPE. The lockers meant for changing dresses were used as ozone gas exposure boxes, and the distribution of ozone was assayed. Considering that the determined ozone levels were not consistent in the types of ozone analysers, we studied the chemical and biological activities of ozone, which were evenly detected in the locker. The gown in the locker was also uniformly exposed to ozone. Results showed that ozone gas could be used for the on-site disinfection of PPE in a closed box, such as a locker. This finding is valuable during a pandemic when PPE is in short supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Ishiwata
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taishi Hibino
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Sakashita
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Nishioka
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Inoue
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kotake
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Sturza F, Guță ȘD, Popescu GA. Antibiotics Used for COVID-19 In-Patients from an Infectious Disease Ward. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:150. [PMID: 36671351 PMCID: PMC9854891 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: although the prevalence of bacterial co-infections for COVID-19 patients is very low, most patients receive empirical antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, broad spectrum antibiotics are preferred to narrow spectrum antibiotics. Methods: in order to estimate the excess of antibiotic prescriptions for patients with COVID-19, and to identify the factors that were correlated with the unjustified antibiotic usage, we conducted an observational (cohort) prospective study in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, on an infectious disease ward, from November 2021 to January 2022. To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial co-infection in these patients, all positive microbiology results and concomitant suspected or confirmed bacterial co-infections, as documented by the treating doctor, were recorded. The patients were grouped in two categories: patients who received antibiotics and those who did not receive antibiotics, justified or not. Results: from the 205 patients enrolled in the study, 83 (40.4%) received antibiotics prior to being admitted to the hospital. 84 patients (41.0%) received antibiotics during their hospitalization; however, only 32 patients (15.6%) had signs and symptoms suggestive of an infection, 19 (9.3%) presented pulmonary consolidation on the computed tomography (CT) scan, 20 (9.7%) patients had leukocytosis, 29 (14.1%) had an increased procalcitonin level and only 22 (10.7%) patients had positive microbiological tests. It was observed that patients treated with antibiotics were older [70 (54−76) vs. 65 (52.5−71.5), p = 0.023, r = 0.159], had a higher Charlson index [4 (2−5) vs. 2 (1−4), p = 0.007, r = 0.189], had a severe/critical COVID-19 disease more frequently [61 (72.6%) vs. 38 (31.4%), p < 0.001, df = 3, X2 = 39.563] and required more oxygen [3 (0−6) vs. 0 (0−2), p < 0.001, r = 0.328]. Conclusion: empirical antibiotic treatment recommendation should be reserved for COVID-19 patients that also had other clinical or paraclinical changes, which suggest a bacterial infection. Further research is needed to better identify patients with bacterial co-infection that should receive antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Sturza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan-Decebal Guță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Adrian Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Hossaini Alhashemi S, Ahmadi F, Dehshahri A. Lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic: Vaccine platform is a key player. Process Biochem 2023; 124:269-279. [PMID: 36514356 PMCID: PMC9731819 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and emergence of COVID-19 resulted in the development of different vaccines based on various platforms to combat the disease. While the conventional platforms of inactivated/live attenuated, subunit proteins and virus-like particles (VLPs) have provided efficient and safe vaccines, novel platforms of viral vector- and nucleic acid-based vaccines opened up new horizons for vaccine development. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic showed that the availability of platforms with high possibility of quick translation from bench to bedside is a prerequisite step in vaccine development in pandemics. Moreover, parallel development of different platforms as well as considering the shipping, storage condition, distribution infrastructure and route of administration are key players for successful and robust response. This review highlights the lessons learned from the current COVID-19 pandemic in terms of vaccine development to provide quick response to future outbreaks of infectious diseases and the importance of vaccine platform in its storage condition and shipping. Finally, the potential application of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms in the treatment of non-infectious diseases has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence to: School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence to: School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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First-Trimester Influenza Infection Increases the Odds of Non-Chromosomal Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122708. [PMID: 36560711 PMCID: PMC9781815 DOI: 10.3390/v14122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections during pregnancy raise several clinical challenges, including birth defects in the offspring. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to prove and highlight the risk of birth defects after first-trimester maternal influenza infection. Our systematic search was performed on 21 November 2022. Studies that reported maternal influenza infection in the first trimester and non-chromosomal congenital abnormalities were considered eligible. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to measure the effect size. Pooled ORs were calculated with a random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured with I² and Cochran's Q tests. We found that first-trimester maternal influenza was associated with increased odds of developing any type of birth defects (OR: 1.5, CI: 1.30-1.70). Moreover, newborns were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with neural tube defects (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.95-3.14) or cleft lip and palate (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.87-3.28). We also found increased odds of developing congenital heart defects (OR: 1.63, CI: 1.27-2.09). In conclusion, influenza increases the odds of non-chromosomal birth defects in the first trimester. The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of CAs in the offspring of mothers affected by first-trimester influenza infection.
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Russell T, Gangotia D, Barry G. Assessing the potential of repurposing ion channel inhibitors to treat emerging viral diseases and the role of this host factor in virus replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Lazarus JV, Romero D, Kopka CJ, Karim SA, Abu-Raddad LJ, Almeida G, Baptista-Leite R, Barocas JA, Barreto ML, Bar-Yam Y, Bassat Q, Batista C, Bazilian M, Chiou ST, Del Rio C, Dore GJ, Gao GF, Gostin LO, Hellard M, Jimenez JL, Kang G, Lee N, Matičič M, McKee M, Nsanzimana S, Oliu-Barton M, Pradelski B, Pyzik O, Rabin K, Raina S, Rashid SF, Rathe M, Saenz R, Singh S, Trock-Hempler M, Villapol S, Yap P, Binagwaho A, Kamarulzaman A, El-Mohandes A. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat. Nature 2022; 611:332-345. [PMID: 36329272 PMCID: PMC9646517 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Diana Romero
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Salim Abdool Karim
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ricardo Baptista-Leite
- UNITE Global Parliamentarians Network, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Health Sciences (CIIS), Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Yaneer Bar-Yam
- New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Quique Bassat
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Manhiça Health Research Center (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Batista
- Doctors Without Borders (MSF), Geneva, Switzerland
- Baraka Impact Finance, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gregory J Dore
- University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence O Gostin
- The O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Mojca Matičič
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin McKee
- The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Bary Pradelski
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Kenneth Rabin
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Raina
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sabina Faiz Rashid
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rocio Saenz
- University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiling Yap
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ayman El-Mohandes
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USA
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Samal J, Agarwal R, Soni A, Pandey A, Thapar S, Gupta E. Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens in patients with liver disease. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000456. [PMID: 36415739 PMCID: PMC9675177 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was first documented in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, followed by its rapid spread across the globe. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated viral/bacterial co-infection in the respiratory tract could modulate disease severity and its outcome in COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective study, 300 chronic liver disease patients with radiologically confirmed lower respiratory tract infection were enrolled from September 2020 to December 2021. In all of them, along with SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viral/bacterial pathogens were studied. In total, 23.7 % (n=71) patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among the positive patients, 23.9 % (n=17) had co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, bacterial co-infections being dominant. The SARS-CoV-2 negative cohort had 39.7 % positivity (n=91) for other respiratory pathogens, the most common being those of the rhinovirus/enterovirus family. Ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation was found to be the most common radiological finding among SARS-CoV-2 positive co-infected patients, as compared to only GGO among SARS-CoV-2 mono-infected patients. Accurate diagnosis of co-infections, especially during pandemics including COVID-19, can ameliorate the treatment and management of suspected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Samal
- Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Reshu Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushka Soni
- Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Pandey
- Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Thapar
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Perception of Professionals from Different Healthcare Units Regarding the Use of Spray Technology for the Instantaneous Decontamination of Personal Protective Equipment during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic: A Short Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Within the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, different disinfection technologies have been developed to efficiently exercise microbial control, especially to minimize the potential risks that are associated with transmission and infection among healthcare professionals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the perception of professionals regarding the use of a new technology (chamber) for the instantaneous decontamination of personal protective equipment before the doffing stage. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where the study data were obtained by using a questionnaire with qualitative questions. In total, 245 professionals participated in the study in three hospitals. Healthcare professionals represented 72.24% (n = 177) of the investigated sample. Approximately 69% of the professionals considered the disinfection chamber as a safe technology, and 75.10% considered it as an important and effective protective barrier for healthcare professionals in view of its application before the doffing process. The results found in this study demonstrate that the use of spray technology in the stage prior to the doffing process is acceptable to professionals, and that it can be an important tool for ensuring the additional protection of the professionals who work directly with patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Garretsen H, Stoker JI, Soudis D, Wendt H. The pandemic that shocked managers across the world: the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on leadership behavior. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2022:101630. [PMID: 35719269 PMCID: PMC9189185 DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, the COVID-19 virus turned into a pandemic that hit organizations globally. This pandemic qualifies as an exogenous shock. Based on the threat-rigidity hypothesis, we hypothesize that this shock led to an increase in directive leadership behavior. We also argue that this relationship depends on the magnitude of the crisis and on well-learned responses of managers. In our empirical analysis we employ a differences-in-differences design with treatment intensity and focus on the period of the first lockdown, March until June 2020. Using a dataset covering monthly data for almost 27,000 managers across 48 countries and 32 sectors for January 2019 to December 2020, we find support for the threat-rigidity hypothesis. During the first lockdown, directive leadership increased significantly. We also find that this relationship is moderated by COVID-19 deaths per country, the sectoral working from home potential, and the organizational level of management. Our findings provide new evidence how large exogenous shocks like COVID-19 can impact leadership behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Garretsen
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business, The Netherlands
| | - Janka I Stoker
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business, The Netherlands
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Jordan's Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP): A Reflection on COVID-19 Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127200. [PMID: 35742449 PMCID: PMC9222974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic made it clear to the world that better preparedness for future pandemics is paramount. This study aims to explore how the 2018 Jordan’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) assessment plan (conducted utilizing a standardized tool of the CDC National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response) reflected on the initial COVID-19 response. A qualitative, single intrinsic case study design, utilizing interpretivist approach, was utilized to interview subject-matter experts and explore the potential reflection of PIP assessment on COVID-19 response. Utilizing a mini-Delphi approach, the interviews aimed at generating an in-depth understanding of how the Jordan’s PIP risk assessment reflects on the country’s response to COVID-19. The following 12 core capabilities, along with their reflections on COVID-19, were assessed: country planning, research and use of findings, communications, epidemiologic capability, laboratory capability, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance, outbreak response, resources for containment, community-based interventions to prevent the spread of influenza, infection control (IC), and health sector pandemic response. Jordan’s experience and preparedness for influenza may have served as a crucial guide to establishing success in COVID-19 control and mitigation. Surveillance, outbreak, and research activities were very well established in Jordan’s PIP, whereas surge capacity in human capital and health facility were identified as two high-risk areas. However, the limitation in these two areas was met during the COVID-19 response. Still, human capital suffered fatigue, and there was an evident lack of laboratory testing plans when COVID-19 cases increased. Jordan’s experience with PIP may have served as a guide for establishing successful COVID-19 control and mitigation. The established PIP principles, systems, and capacities seem to have reflected well on fighting against COVID-19 in terms of more efficient utilization of available surveillance, laboratory, outbreak management, and risk communications. This reflection facilitated a better mitigation and control of COVID-19.
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M.D OC, Solomon BA, Tauseef A, Haroon H, R. E. E. AG, K.C. SM. EMERGENCE OF NEW STRAINS OF SARS-COV-2: AFRICA'S FATE AND ITS PREPAREDNESS AGAINST COVID-19 INFECTION WAVES. Afr J Infect Dis 2022; 16:1-12. [PMID: 35582064 PMCID: PMC9097310 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v16i2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 100million individuals worldwide with diverse impacts on nations. The rising cases of new strains and resultant infection waves create an urgent need to assess the readiness of countries especially in Africa to mitigate the impact on community transmission. This paper delivers a brief synopsis of the novel SARS-CoV-2, emerging cases of new variants reported worldwide, and implications for genetic surveillance of disease transmission in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) especially Africa. Materials and Methods Literature search used keywords like SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 epidemiology; pandemic waves; corona outbreak, clinical syndromes, treatments, prevention and control. Cross-sectional and observational studies published on COVID-19 from 2019 till date of study provided main information sources. Databases such as Web of Science, Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar were utilised. Main findings Over 220 countries have documented COVID-19 cases with varied severity till date. Before the spikes in resurgence, a highly virulent mutated (>90% fatality rate) novel strain of COVID-19 had been documented. There is very little data to ascertain the impact of the COVID-19 infection waves in LMICs. Discussion LMICs especially African countries still grapple with significant challenges like inefficient surveillance mechanisms, inadequate vaccination coverage, inadequate enforcement of environmental health strategies, poor health systems etc. Hence, Africa's fate remains dicey in the face of the dynamic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 and other identified challenges. Conclusion The adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate the impact of emergence of mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants and resurgence of infection spike is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohia Chinenyenwa M.D
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bakarey Adeleye Solomon
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Tauseef
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haroon Haroon
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, North Taibai Road, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Ana Godson R. E. E.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sridhar Mynepalli K.C.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Wegner GI, Murray KA, Springmann M, Muller A, Sokolow SH, Saylors K, Morens DM. Averting wildlife-borne infectious disease epidemics requires a focus on socio-ecological drivers and a redesign of the global food system. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101386. [PMID: 35465645 PMCID: PMC9014132 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A debate has emerged over the potential socio-ecological drivers of wildlife-origin zoonotic disease outbreaks and emerging infectious disease (EID) events. This Review explores the extent to which the incidence of wildlife-origin infectious disease outbreaks, which are likely to include devastating pandemics like HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, may be linked to excessive and increasing rates of tropical deforestation for agricultural food production and wild meat hunting and trade, which are further related to contemporary ecological crises such as global warming and mass species extinction. Here we explore a set of precautionary responses to wildlife-origin zoonosis threat, including: (a) limiting human encroachment into tropical wildlands by promoting a global transition to diets low in livestock source foods; (b) containing tropical wild meat hunting and trade by curbing urban wild meat demand, while securing access for indigenous people and local communities in remote subsistence areas; and (c) improving biosecurity and other strategies to break zoonosis transmission pathways at the wildlife-human interface and along animal source food supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia I. Wegner
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK
| | - Kris A. Murray
- MRC Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Adrian Muller
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Sonneggstrasse 33, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, Frick 5070, Switzerland
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Jerry Yang & Akiko Yamazaki Environment & Energy Building, MC 4205, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, USA
| | - Karen Saylors
- Labyrinth Global Health, 15th Ave NE, St Petersburg, FL 33704, USA
| | - David M. Morens
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ye ZW, Ong CP, Tang K, Fan Y, Luo C, Zhou R, Luo P, Cheng Y, Gray VS, Wang P, Chu H, Chan JFW, To KKW, Chen H, Chen Z, Yuen KY, Ling GS, Yuan S, Jin DY. Intranasal administration of a single dose of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from an NSP16-deficient SARS-CoV-2 strain confers sterilizing immunity in animals. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:588-601. [PMID: 35352010 PMCID: PMC8961489 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines might elicit mucosal and sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that the existing mRNA, adenoviral vector and inactivated vaccines fail to induce. Here, we describe a candidate live attenuated vaccine strain of SARS-CoV-2 in which the NSP16 gene, which encodes 2'-O-methyltransferase, is catalytically disrupted by a point mutation. This virus, designated d16, was severely attenuated in hamsters and transgenic mice, causing only asymptomatic and nonpathogenic infection. A single dose of d16 administered intranasally resulted in sterilizing immunity in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts of hamsters, thus preventing viral spread in a contact-based transmission model. It also robustly stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, thus conferring full protection against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in a transgenic mouse model. The neutralizing antibodies elicited by d16 effectively cross-reacted with several SARS-CoV-2 variants. Secretory immunoglobulin A was detected in the blood and nasal wash of vaccinated mice. Our work provides proof-of-principle evidence for harnessing NSP16-deficient SARS-CoV-2 for the development of live attenuated vaccines and paves the way for further preclinical studies of d16 as a prototypic vaccine strain, to which new features might be introduced to improve safety, transmissibility, immunogenicity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chon Phin Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilan Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Sebastien Gray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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De R, Dutta S. Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:736397. [PMID: 35433495 PMCID: PMC9009446 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.736397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease COVID-19 is caused by the highly contagious single-stranded RNA virus, SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a high rate of evolution like other RNA viruses. The first genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were available in early 2020. Subsequent whole-genome sequencing revealed that the virus had accumulated several mutations in genes associated with viral replication and pathogenesis. These variants showed enhanced transmissibility and infectivity. Soon after the first outbreak due to the wild-type strain in December 2019, a genetic variant D614G emerged in late January to early February 2020 and became the dominant genotype worldwide. Thereafter, several variants emerged, which were found to harbor mutations in essential viral genes encoding proteins that could act as drug and vaccine targets. Numerous vaccines have been successfully developed to assuage the burden of COVID-19. These have different rates of efficacy, including, although rarely, a number of vaccinated individuals exhibiting side effects like thrombosis. However, the recent emergence of the Britain strain with 70% more transmissibility and South African variants with higher resistance to vaccines at a time when several countries have approved these for mass immunization has raised tremendous concern regarding the long-lasting impact of currently available prophylaxis. Apart from studies addressing the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2, analysis of the gut, oral, nasopharyngeal, and lung microbiome dysbiosis has also been undertaken to find a link between the microbiome and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, in the current scenario of skepticism regarding vaccine efficacy and challenges over the direct effects of currently available drugs looming large, investigation of alternative therapeutic avenues based on the microbiome can be a rewarding finding. This review presents the currently available understanding of microbiome dysbiosis and its association with cause and consequence of COVID-19. Taking cues from other inflammatory diseases, we propose a hypothesis of how the microbiome may be influencing homeostasis, pro-inflammatory condition, and the onset of inflammation. This accentuates the importance of a healthy microbiome as a protective element to prevent the onset of COVID-19. Finally, the review attempts to identify areas where the application of microbiome research can help in reducing the burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna De
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkota, India
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkota, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkota, India
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Clinical Significance of COVID-19 and Diabetes: In the Pandemic Situation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants including Omicron (B.1.1.529). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030400. [PMID: 35336774 PMCID: PMC8945151 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Amidst the dual pandemics of diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the constant emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a vicious cycle has been created, i.e., a hyperglycemic state contributes to the severe clinical course of COVID-19, which in turn has deleterious effects on glycometabolism and in some cases causes new-onset diabetes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature on the clinical and experimental findings associated with the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19. To control disease outcomes and glucometabolic complications in COVID-19, this issue is still being investigated. Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains uncontrolled, with the spread of emerging variants. According to accumulating evidence, diabetes is one of the leading risk factors for a severe COVID-19 clinical course, depending on the glycemic state before admission and during COVID-19 hospitalization. Multiple factors are thought to be responsible, including an altered immune response, coexisting comorbidity, and disruption of the renin-angiotensin system through the virus–host interaction. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain under investigation. Alternatively, the focus is currently on the diabetogenic and ketosis-prone potential of SARS-CoV-2 itself, even for probable triggers of stress and steroid-induced hyperglycemia in COVID-19. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the clinical and experimental findings associated with diabetes and COVID-19, and we discuss their bidirectional relationship, i.e., the risk for an adverse prognosis and the deleterious effects on glycometabolism. Accurate assessments of the incidence of new-onset diabetes induced by COVID-19 and its pathogenicity are still unknown, especially in the context of the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Omicron (B.1.1.529), which is a major challenge for the future.
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Haapanen A, Furuholm J, Uittamo J, Snäll J. Effect of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of maxillofacial fractures in a Finnish Tertiary Trauma Centre. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:157-160. [PMID: 34597251 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1979643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of facial fractures in a tertiary trauma centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS All facial fracture patients evaluated by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon during the first stage of the pandemic in spring 2020 were included in the study and compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 and 2018. Differences in age, sex, timespan from accident to diagnosis of facial fracture, injury mechanism, fracture type, treatment method, associated injuries (AIs), and alcohol consumption at the time of injury were analyzed between the forementioned time periods. RESULTS The total number of patients (n = 107) during the COVID restriction period did not differ from the previous years (116 and 113 patients in 2017 and 2018, respectively, p=.368). Injury mechanism was less often assault during 2020 compared with previous years (14.0% in 2020 versus 31.8% in 2018 and 30.2% in 2017). Non-intracranial AIs were more common in the COVID period (28% in 2020 versus 14.2% in 2018 and 21.6%). The distribution was statistically significant (p=.041). Alcohol use prior to injury varied between years (p=.023). Alcohol was more often related to the injuries in 2020 compared to the previous years. CONCLUSIONS COVID restrictions did not affect the overall facial fracture occurrence, but there was a significant decrease in assaults. The proportion of alcohol-related injuries did not decrease despite restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Haapanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Furuholm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uittamo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Snäll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Himmel M, Frey S. SARS-CoV-2: International Investigation Under the WHO or BWC. Front Public Health 2022; 9:636679. [PMID: 35186855 PMCID: PMC8850392 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.636679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, the novel and highly infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused a worldwide outbreak of a severe respiratory infectious disease, known as COVID-19. The disease has started in China and turned into one of the worst pandemics in human history. Due to the very fast global spread of the pathogen, COVID-19 is a great challenge for the Public Health Systems. It had led to a variety of severe limitations in private and public life worldwide. There is a lively public debate about possible sources of SARS-CoV-2. This article aims at providing a better understanding of controversial biological and political issues regarding COVID-19. Recommendations are made for possible actions under the umbrella of the World Health Organization and in respect to the Biological Weapons Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Himmel
- Department for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frey
- Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and CBRN Protection, Munster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Frey
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Multidrug resistance crisis during COVID-19 pandemic: Role of anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112303. [PMID: 34952285 PMCID: PMC8685351 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decreasing effectiveness of conventional drugs due to multidrug-resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community, necessitating development of novel antimicrobial agents. In the present era of coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients are being widely exposed to antimicrobial drugs and hence the problem of multidrug-resistance shall be aggravated in the days to come. Consequently, revisiting the phenomena of multidrug resistance leading to formulation of effective antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour. As a result, this review sheds light on the looming crisis of multidrug resistance in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the problem, significance and approaches for tackling microbial resistance with special emphasis on anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics against multidrug resistance associated diseases. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit exceptional mechanism of action enabling rapid killing of microbes at low concentration, antibiofilm activity, immunomodulatory properties along with a low tendency for resistance development providing them an edge over conventional antibiotics. The review is unique as it discusses the mode of action, pharmacodynamic properties and application of antimicrobial peptides in areas ranging from therapeutics to agriculture.
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Hou H, Pei Y, Yang Y, Lu L, Yan W, Gao X, Wang W. Factors Associated with Turnover Intention Among Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4953-4965. [PMID: 34934371 PMCID: PMC8684421 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s318106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the prevalence of turnover intention and explored associated factors on turnover intention among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to February 13th to 20th, 2020, in 31 provinces of mainland China. A total of 1403 healthcare workers were recruited. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to identify potential factors associated with turnover intention among Chinese health care workers. RESULTS The prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers was 10.1% during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Results of hierarchical regression revealed that working in Grade II hospital (OR = 1.78), technician (OR = 0.30), daily working hours over 12 h (OR = 2.92), frequency of mask replacement between 4 and 8 h (OR = 3.51), refuse volunteer to frontline (OR = 1.68), patient-physician relation unchanged (OR = 1.73), depression (OR = 2.21) and lower social support (OR = 1.75) were significantly associated with the risk of turnover intention. Additionally, healthcare worker's psychosocial syndemic (OR = 6.13) was positively associated with turnover intention. CONCLUSION Turnover intention is relatively prevalent among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and the factors contributing to turnover intention were complex and varied. Early screening of high-risk groups for turnover intention among healthcare workers and more psychosocial health care and physical protection are needed during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hou
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Pei
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinmei Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyin Gao
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Community and Health Education, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Rao LN, Shetty A, Latha Senthilkumar P, Shetty KS, Shetty B, Natarajan S, Rao PK, Baliga MS. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students and practitioners during the early days of COVID-19 pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14858. [PMID: 34516700 PMCID: PMC8646921 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a major health problem and has affected innumerable people around the world. The current online-based study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of dental students and professionals during the early days of lockdown in India from 2 April to 1 May 2020. METHODOLOGY An online-based cross-sectional study was undertaken through WhatsApp messenger and e-mail groups among dental students and professionals. The KAP on COVID-19 was ascertained using an investigator designed and validated questionnaire. The results were stratified based on student vs professionals. The data were expressed as frequency and percentage analysed using the chi-square/Fishers exact test using IBM version 17. A probability value of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 287 complete responses from the dental students and professionals were received. The results indicated that the knowledge of both dental students and professionals were good and that the attitude and practice were in accordance with good clinical practice. No significant differences were found within the domains of KAP scores among the dental students and practitioners indicating that the study participants were abreast with the recent advances. CONCLUSION The results of this study conducted during the early stage of the lockdown indicated that the dental students and professionals who had filled the questionnaire had very good knowledge of coronavirus and COVID-19. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of the study indicate that the volunteers had good knowledge, attitude and self-care practice, which are necessary in preventing the spread of COVID-19. It is anticipated that detailed hands-on training in practical aspects of good clinical practice with protective gears will help students and professionals perform the necessary dental procedures in accordance with the guidelines set by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nidhi Rao
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University)MangaloreIndia
| | - Aditya Shetty
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University)MangaloreIndia
| | | | | | - Bhavya Shetty
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of Dental SciencesRamaiah University of Applied SciencesBangaloreIndia
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and MicrobiologyManipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMangaloreIndia
| | - Prasanna Kumar Rao
- Department of Oral Medicine and RadiologyAJ Institute of Dental SciencesMangaloreIndia
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Blayney DW, Bariani G, Das D, Dawood S, Gnant M, De Guzman R, Martin SE, O'Mahony D, Roach A, Ruff P, Sampaio C, Sanchez JA, Vanderpuye V, Kamal A, Hendricks C. Spotlight on International Quality: COVID-19 and Its Impact on Quality Improvement in Cancer Care. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1513-1521. [PMID: 34714666 PMCID: PMC8563078 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report from ASCO's International Quality Steering Group summarizes early learnings on how the COVID-19 pandemic and its stresses have disproportionately affected cancer care delivery and its delivery systems across the world. This article shares perspectives from eight different countries, including Austria, Brazil, Ghana, Honduras, Ireland, the Philippines, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, which provide insight to their unique issues, challenges, and barriers to quality improvement in cancer care during the pandemic. These perspectives shed light on some key recommendations applicable on a global scale and focus on access to care, importance of expanding and developing new treatments for both COVID-19 and cancer, access to telemedicine, collecting and using COVID-19 and cancer registry data, establishing measures and guidelines to further enhance quality of care, and expanding communication among governments, health care systems, and health care providers. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and quality improvement has been and will continue to be felt across the globe, but this report aims to share these experiences and learnings and to assist ASCO's international members and our global fight against the pandemic and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devika Das
- Hematology Oncology at The Kirklin Clinic of University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Michael Gnant
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - S Eric Martin
- Medical Oncology Hematology Consultants, Wilmington, DE
| | | | | | - Paul Ruff
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Center for Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Accra, Ghana
| | - Arif Kamal
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Yadav S, Yadav PK, Yadav N. Impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy at birth in India: a decomposition analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1906. [PMID: 34670537 PMCID: PMC8528662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying excess deaths and their impact on life expectancy at birth (e0) provide a more comprehensive understanding of the burden of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) on mortality. The study aims to comprehend the repercussions of the burden of COVID-19 disease on the life expectancy at birth and inequality in age at death in India. METHODS The mortality schedule of COVID-19 disease in the pandemic year 2020 was considered one of the causes of death in the category of other infectious diseases in addition to other 21 causes of death in the non-pandemic year 2019 in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. The measures e0 and Gini coefficient at age zero (G0) and then sex differences in e0 and G0 over time were analysed by assessing the age-specific contributions based on the application of decomposition analyses in the entire period of 2010-2020. RESULTS The e0 for men and women decline from 69.5 and 72.0 years in 2019 to 67.5 and 69.8 years, respectively, in 2020. The e0 shows a drop of approximately 2.0 years in 2020 when compared to 2019. The sex differences in e0 and G0 are negatively skewed towards men. The trends in e0 and G0 value reveal that its value in 2020 is comparable to that in the early 2010s. The age group of 35-79 years showed a remarkable negative contribution to Δe0 and ΔG0. By causes of death, the COVID-19 disease has contributed - 1.5 and - 9.5%, respectively, whereas cardiovascular diseases contributed the largest value of was 44.6 and 45.9%, respectively, to sex differences in e0 and G0 in 2020. The outcomes reveal a significant impact of excess deaths caused by the COVID-19 disease on mortality patterns. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has negative repercussions on e0 and G0 in the pandemic year 2020. It has severely affected the distribution of age at death in India, resulting in widening the sex differences in e0 and G0. The COVID-19 disease demonstrates its potential to cancel the gains of six to eight years in e0 and five years in G0 and has slowed the mortality transition in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Yadav
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Yadav
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Neha Yadav
- Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India
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Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1345. [PMID: 34667600 PMCID: PMC8510854 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
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DE Caxias FP, Athayde FRFD, Januzzi MS, Pinheiro LV, Turcio KHL. Impact event and orofacial pain amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210122. [PMID: 34614122 PMCID: PMC8523097 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to assess the impact of social isolation, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, on mental health, Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and orofacial pain in men and women. Methodology Individuals living in Brazil answered an online questionnaire on their sociodemographic and behavioral aspects, emotional scale (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale, and Pain Screener in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD-Pain Screener) during June 2020. Descriptive statistical analyses and logistic and linear regressions were applied (5% significance). Results Overall, 2301 individuals were included, 89.1% practiced social isolation, 72.6% were employed/studying, at least 15% presented severe or extremely severe levels of emotional distress and presence of powerful (34.1%) and severe impact event (15%). During the outbreak, 53.2% perceived feeling worse and 31.8% reported that orofacial pain started or worsened after the pandemic outbreak. Gender was associated with “social class” (P=0.036), “pain/stiffness in the jaw on awakening” (P=0.037), “change of pain during jaw habits” (P=0.034) and “perception of change in the situations mentioned in the TMD-Pain Screener” (P=0.020), “depression” (P=0.012), “anxiety” (P=0.006) and “impact of the event” (P=8.3E-11). Social isolation had a lesser chance to change the routine, to be practiced by the unemployed/not studying, and to be practiced by men (all with P<0.001). Associations were found between social class and all subscales of the DASS-21 and IES, all with P<0.001. Conclusions The practice of social isolation has social determinants. High levels of psychological and event impacts were detected. The presence of orofacial pain seemed to increase during the health crisis, and there were gender differences in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pereira DE Caxias
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese,Araçatuba, Brasil
| | | | - Marcella Santos Januzzi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese,Araçatuba, Brasil
| | - Larissa Viana Pinheiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese,Araçatuba, Brasil
| | - Karina Helga Leal Turcio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese,Araçatuba, Brasil
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