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Xu L, Jin T, Lou A, Guan J, Zhang X, Wang H, Guan L. The effect of miR-23b-3p on regulating GH by targeting POU1F1 in Yanbian yellow cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2346808. [PMID: 38739483 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2346808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of miR-23b-3p on growth hormone (GH) in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle. The mRNA and protein levels of GH and miR-23b-3p target genes were measured by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. The target relationship of miR-23b-3p was validated by double luciferase reporter gene system. The results showed that GH mRNA and protein levels in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle were significantly lower in the miR-23b-3p-mi group than in the NC group (P<0.01), while GH mRNA and protein levels were higher in the miR-23b-3p-in group than in the iNC group (P<0.05). The result of bioinformatics analysis and double luciferase reporter gene system validation proved that miR-23b-3p targeted 3'UTR of pituitary specific transcription factor 1 (POU1F1). POU1F1 mRNA and protein levels were lower miR-23b-3p-mi group than in the NC group (P<0.01), while POU1F1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the miR-23b-3p-in group than in the iNC group (P<0.01). These results demonstrated that miR-23b-3p could regulate GH expression in pituitary cells by regulating POU1F1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Taihua Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Angang Lou
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jiuyang Guan
- School of Construction Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhaodao, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Lizeng Guan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Urban-Sosa VA, Ávila-Mendoza J, Carranza M, Martínez-Moreno CG, Luna M, Arámburo C. Differential peptide-dependent regulation of growth hormone (GH): A comparative analysis in pituitary cultures of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33060. [PMID: 38994081 PMCID: PMC11238054 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary protein that exerts pleiotropic roles in vertebrates. The mechanisms regulating GH synthesis and secretion are finely controlled by hypothalamic neuropeptides and other factors. These processes have been considerably studied in mammals but are still poorly understood in other groups. To better understand the pituitary GH regulation during vertebrate phylogeny, we compared the effects of incubating several peptides on cultures of ex-vivo pituitary fragments obtained from representative specimens of reptiles (iguana), birds (chicken) and mammals (rat). The peptides used were: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), ghrelin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and somatostatin (SST). In rat pituitary cultures, GH secretion was stimulated by GHRH and TRH, while gh mRNA expression was increased by GHRH and PACAP. In the case of chicken pituitaries, GH release was promoted by GHRH, ghrelin, PACAP, and GnRH, although the latter two had a dual effect since at a shorter incubation time they decreased GH secretion; in turn, gh mRNA expression was significantly stimulated by TRH, PACAP, and GnRH. The most intense effects were observed in iguana pituitary cultures, where GH secretion was significantly augmented by GHRH, PACAP, TRH, ghrelin, and GnRH; while gh mRNA expression was stimulated by GHRH, TRH, and PACAP, but inhibited by ghrelin and SST. Also, in the three species, SST was able to block the GHRH-stimulated GH release. Furthermore, it was found that the expression of Pou1f1 mRNA was increased with greater potency by GHRH and PACAP in the iguana, than in chicken or rat pituitary cultures. Additionally, in-silico analysis of the gh gene promoter structures in the three species showed that the reptilian promoter has more Pit-1 consensus binding sites than their avian and mammalian counterparts. Taken together, results demonstrate that pituitary peptide-mediated GH regulatory mechanisms are differentially controlled along vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Urban-Sosa
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
| | - José Ávila-Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico
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Park S, Kang S. Association of Pooled Fecal Microbiota on Height Growth in Children According to Enterotypes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:801-810. [PMID: 37771005 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between fecal microbiota and height in children has yielded conflicting findings, warranting further investigation into potential differences in fecal bacterial composition between children with short stature and those of standard height based on enterotypes (ETs). METHODS According to the height z score for age and gender, the children were categorized into normal-stature (NS; n = 335) and short-stature (SS; n = 152) groups using a z score of -1.15 as a separator value. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files (n = 487) were pooled and analyzed with the QIIME 2 platform with the National Center for Biotechnology Information alignment search tool. According to ETs, the prediction models by the machine learning algorithms were used for explaining SS, and their quality was validated. RESULTS The proportion of SS was 16.4% in ET Enterobacteriaceae (ET-E) and 68.1% in Prevotellaceae (ET-P). The Chao1 and Shannon indexes were significantly lower in the SS than in the NS groups only in ET-P. The fecal bacteria related to SS from the prediction models were similar regardless of ETs. However, in network analysis, the negative correlations between fecal bacteria in the NS and SS groups were much higher in the ET-P than in the ET-E. In the metagenome function, fecal bacteria showed an inverse association of biotin and secondary bile acid synthesis and downregulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-driven phosphoinositide 3-kinase Akt signaling and AMP-kinase signaling in the SS group compared with the NS group in both ETs. CONCLUSION The gut microbial compositions in children were associated with height. Strategies to modify and optimize the gut microbiota composition should be investigated for any potential in promoting height in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- From the Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Petrashen AP, Verdesca AD, Kreiling JA, Sedivy JM. Regulation of the somatotropic axis by MYC-mediated miRNA repression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1269860. [PMID: 37908640 PMCID: PMC10615138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1269860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in many human cancers and has a significant causal role in tumor incidence and progression. In contrast, Myc +/- heterozygous mice, which have decreased MYC expression, exhibit a 10-20% increase in lifespan and a decreased incidence or progression of several age-related diseases. Myc heterozygous mice were also reported to have decreased mTOR and IGF1 signaling, two pathways whose reduced activity is associated with longevity in diverse species. Given MYC's downstream role in these pathways, the downregulation of mTOR and IGF1 signaling in Myc heterozygotes suggests the presence of feedback loops within this regulatory network. In this communication we provide further evidence that the reduction of Myc expression in Myc +/- heterozygous mice provokes a female-specific decrease in circulating IGF1 as well as a reduction of IGF1 protein in the liver. In particular, reduced Myc expression led to upregulation of miRNAs that target the Igf1 transcript, thereby inhibiting its translation and leading to decreased IGF1 protein levels. Using Argonaute (AGO)-CLIP-sequencing we found enrichment of AGO binding in the Igf1 transcript at the target sites of let-7, miR-122, and miR-29 in female, but not male Myc heterozygotes. Upregulation of the liver-specific miR-122 in primary hepatocytes in culture and in vivo in mice resulted in significant downregulation of IGF1 protein, but not mRNA. Reduced levels of IGF1 increased GH production in the pituitary through a well-documented negative-feedback relationship. In line with this, we found that IGF1 levels in bone (where miR-122 is not expressed) were unchanged, consistent with the decreased incidence of osteoporosis in female Myc heterozygotes, despite decreased circulating IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Sedivy
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Lawless L, Qin Y, Xie L, Zhang K. Trophoblast Differentiation: Mechanisms and Implications for Pregnancy Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:3564. [PMID: 37630754 PMCID: PMC10459728 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental development is a tightly controlled event, in which cell expansion from the trophectoderm occurs in a spatiotemporal manner. Proper trophoblast differentiation is crucial to the vitality of this gestational organ. Obstructions to its development can lead to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, posing severe health risks to both the mother and offspring. Currently, the only known treatment strategy for these complications is delivery, making it an important area of research. The aim of this review was to summarize the known information on the development and mechanistic regulation of trophoblast differentiation and highlight the similarities in these processes between the human and mouse placenta. Additionally, the known biomarkers for each cell type were compiled to aid in the analysis of sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lawless
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Al-Samerria S, Radovick S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9556. [PMID: 37298507 PMCID: PMC10253584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide, and GH and IGF-1 have been studied as potential therapeutic targets for managing this condition. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive view of the interplay between GH and IGF-1 and metabolism within the context of obesity. We conducted a systematic review of the literature that was published from 1993 to 2023, using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies that investigated the effects of GH and IGF-1 on adipose tissue metabolism, energy balance, and weight regulation in humans and animals. Our review highlights the physiological functions of GH and IGF-1 in adipose tissue metabolism, including lipolysis and adipogenesis. We also discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of these hormones on energy balance, such as their influence on insulin sensitivity and appetite regulation. Additionally, we summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GH and IGF-1 as therapeutic targets for managing obesity, including in pharmacological interventions and hormone replacement therapy. Finally, we address the challenges and limitations of targeting GH and IGF-1 in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmed Al-Samerria
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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Bersin TV, Cordova KL, Saenger EK, Journey ML, Beckman BR, Lema SC. Nutritional status affects Igf1 regulation of skeletal muscle myogenesis, myostatin, and myofibrillar protein degradation pathways in gopher rockfish (Sebastes carnatus). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 573:111951. [PMID: 37169322 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) regulates skeletal muscle growth in fishes by increasing protein synthesis and promoting muscle hypertrophy. When fish experience periods of insufficient food intake, they undergo slower muscle growth or even muscle wasting, and those changes emerge in part from nutritional modulation of Igf1 signaling. Here, we examined how food deprivation (fasting) modulates Igf1 regulation of liver and skeletal muscle gene expression in gopher rockfish (Sebastes carnatus), a nearshore rockfish of importance for commercial and recreational fisheries in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, to understand how food limitation impacts Igf regulation of muscle growth pathways. Rockfish were either fed or fasted for 14 d, after which a subset of fish from each group was treated with recombinant Igf1 from sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish that were fasted lost body mass and had lower body condition, reduced hepatosomatic index, and lower plasma Igf1 concentrations, as well as a decreased abundance of igf1 gene transcripts in the liver, increased hepatic mRNAs for Igf binding proteins igfbp1a, igfbp1b, and igfbp3a, and decreased mRNA abundances for igfbp2b and a putative Igf acid labile subunit (igfals) gene. In skeletal muscle, fasted fish showed a reduced abundance of intramuscular igf1 mRNAs but elevated gene transcripts encoding Igf1 receptors A (igf1ra) and B (igf1rb), which also showed downregulation by Igf1. Fasting increased skeletal muscle mRNAs for myogenin and myostatin1, as well as ubiquitin ligase F-box only protein 32 (fbxo32) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (murf1) genes involved in muscle atrophy, while concurrently downregulating mRNAs for myoblast determination protein 2 (myod2), myostatin2, and myogenic factors 5 (myf5) and 6 (myf6 encoding Mrf4). Treatment with Igf1 downregulated muscle myostatin1 and fbxo32 under both feeding conditions, but showed feeding-dependent effects on murf1, myf5, and myf6/Mrf4 gene expression indicating that Igf1 effects on muscle growth and atrophy pathways is contingent on recent food consumption experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V Bersin
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Kasey L Cordova
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - E Kate Saenger
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Meredith L Journey
- Lynker Technology, 202 Church St SE #536, Leesburg, VA, 20175, USA; Under Contract to Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Brian R Beckman
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
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Sharma DR, Cheng B, Jaiswal MK, Zhang X, Kumar A, Parikh N, Singh D, Sheth H, Varghese M, Dobrenis K, Zhang X, Hof PR, Stanton PK, Ballabh P. Elevated insulin growth factor-1 in dentate gyrus induces cognitive deficits in pre-term newborns. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6449-6464. [PMID: 36646459 PMCID: PMC10183730 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurely born infants are deprived of maternal hormones and cared for in the stressful environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). They suffer from long-lasting deficits in learning and memory. Here, we show that prematurity and associated neonatal stress disrupt dentate gyrus (DG) development and induce long-term cognitive deficits and that these effects are mediated by insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1). Nonmaternal care of premature rabbits increased the number of granule cells and interneurons and reduced neurogenesis, suggesting accelerated premature maturation of DG. However, the density of glutamatergic synapses, mature dendritic spines, and synaptic transmission were reduced in preterm kits compared with full-term controls, indicating that premature synaptic maturation was abnormal. These findings were consistent with cognitive deficits observed in premature rabbits and appeared to be driven by transcriptomic changes in the granule cells. Preterm kits displayed reduced weight, elevated serum cortisol and growth hormone, and higher IGF1 expression in the liver and DG relative to full-term controls. Importantly, blocking IGF-1 receptor in premature kits restored cognitive deficits, increased the density of glutamatergic puncta, and rescued NR2B and PSD95 levels in the DG. Hence, IGF1 inhibition alleviates prematurity-induced cognitive dysfunction and synaptic changes in the DG through modulation of NR2B and PSD95. The study identifies a novel strategy to potentially rescue DG maldevelopment and cognitive dysfunction in premature infants under stress in NICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep R Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bokun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nirzar Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Divya Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hardik Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Ji X, Fu J, Li X, Yuan K, Sun X, Yao Q. Serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Pituitary 2023; 26:1-8. [PMID: 36542278 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-022-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past few decades, acromegaly and colonic polyps have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Previous studies highlighted the importance of serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly. METHODS We reviewed studies on serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly, published on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Chinese databases from January 1, 1966, to May 8, 2022. Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted using Stata MP 14.0. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this study. The mean (standard deviation) concentrations of serum biomarkers for acromegaly with and without colorectal polyps were extracted from these studies. Meta-analysis results showed that, compared to patients without colonic polyps, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 × upper limit of normal range (IGF-1 × ULN) and fasting insulin were significantly increased; while the levels of growth hormone (GH) were significantly decreased in patients with acromegaly and colonic polyps (IGF-1 × ULN: SMD 0.23; 95% CI 0.03-0.42, p < 0.05) (fasting insulin: SMD 0.95; 9 5% CI 0.11-1.8, p < 0.05) (GH: SMD - 0.25; 95% CI - 0.41 to - 0.08, p < 0.05). IGF-1 and FPG levels did not differ significantly (IGF-1: SMD -0.03; 95% CI - 0.22 to 0.17, p > 0.05) (FPG: SMD 0.14; 95% CI - 0.23 to 0.52, p > 0.05). The systematic review results suggest no significant differences in hemoglobin A1C, TSH, free thyroxine, FT4, T3, PRL, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fibrinogen, clathrate antigen, serum antigen 19-9, and α-fetoprotein levels, but serum Klotho levels. CONCLUSION We present the first meta-analysis and systematic review of serum biomarkers in patients with acromegaly or colonic polyps. The prevalence of colonic lesion polyps, is associated with higher IGF-1 × ULN levels, higher insulin levels in acromegaly. Further research is required to confirm GH and serum soluble Klotho levels as biomarkers of colonic polyps. When IGF-1 × ULN, fasting insulin levels change in patients with acromegaly, the occurrence of colonic polyps should be monitored. Early detection may reduce the possibility of developing malignant colon neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Human Hair Follicles Operate a Functional Peripheral Equivalent of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Somatotropic Axis Ex Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:868-871.e7. [PMID: 36496194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Research Progress on Neuroprotection of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 towards Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040666. [PMID: 35203315 PMCID: PMC8870287 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins and receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), proposing IGF-1-induced neurotrophic actions in normal growth, development, and maintenance. However, while there is convincing evidence that the IGF-1 system has specific endocrine roles in the CNS, the concept is emerging that IGF-I might be also important in disorders such as ischemic stroke, brain trauma, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, etc., by inducing neuroprotective effects towards glutamate-mediated excitotoxic signaling pathways. Research in rodent models has demonstrated rescue of pathophysiological and behavioral abnormalities when IGF-1 was administered by different routes, and several clinical studies have shown safety and promise of efficacy in neurological disorders of the CNS. Focusing on the relationship between IGF-1-induced neuroprotection and glutamate-induced excitatory neurotoxicity, this review addresses the research progress in the field, intending to provide a rationale for using IGF-I clinically to confer neuroprotective therapy towards neurological diseases with glutamate excitotoxicity as a common pathological pathway.
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Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic study of two bipolar disorder cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4568-4574. [PMID: 35986174 PMCID: PMC9734044 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains to be elucidated and there are no diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for the condition. In this explorative proteomic study, we analyzed 201 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from mood stable bipolar disorder patients and control subjects sampled from two independent cohorts, amounting to a total of 204 patients and 144 controls. We used three Olink Multiplex panels, whereof one specifically targets immune biomarkers, to assess a broad set of CSF protein concentrations. After quality control and removal of proteins with a low detection rate, 105 proteins remained for analyses in relation to case-control status and clinical variables. Only case-control differences that replicated across cohorts were considered. Results adjusted for potential confounders showed that CSF concentrations of growth hormone were lower in bipolar disorder compared with controls in both cohorts. The effect size was larger when the analysis was restricted to bipolar disorder type 1 and controls. We found no indications of immune activation or other aberrations. Growth hormone exerts many effects in the central nervous system and our findings suggest that growth hormone might be implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
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Meadows JD, Breuer JA, Lavalle SN, Hirschenberger MR, Patel MM, Nguyen D, Kim A, Cassin J, Gorman MR, Welsh DK, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. Deletion of Six3 in post-proliferative neurons produces weakened SCN circadian output, improved metabolic function, and dwarfism in male mice. Mol Metab 2021; 57:101431. [PMID: 34974160 PMCID: PMC8810556 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing prevalence of obesity makes it important to increase the understanding of the maturation and function of the neuronal integrators and regulators of metabolic function. METHODS Behavioral, molecular, and physiological analyses of transgenic mice with Sine oculis 3 (Six3) deleted in mature neurons using the Synapsincreallele. RESULTS Conditional deletion of the homeodomain transcription factor Six3 in mature neurons causes dwarfism and weakens circadian wheel-running activity rhythms but increases general activity at night, and improves metabolic function, without impacting pubertal onset or fertility in males. The reduced growth in 6-week-old Six3fl/fl:Synapsincre (Six3syn) males correlates with increased somatostatin (SS) expression in the hypothalamus and reduced growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary. In contrast, 12-week-old Six3syn males have increased GH release, despite an increased number of the inhibitory SS neurons in the periventricular nucleus. GH is important in glucose metabolism, muscle function, and bone health. Interestingly, Six3syn males have improved glucose tolerance at 7, 12, and 18 weeks of age, which, in adulthood, is associated with increased % lean mass and increased metabolic rates. Further, 12-week-old Six3syn males have reduced bone mineralization and a lower bone mineral density, indicating that reduced GH levels during early life cause a long-term reduction in bone mineralization. CONCLUSION Our study points to the novel role of Six3 in post-proliferative neurons to regulate metabolic function through SS neuron control of GH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Meadows
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A. Breuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shanna N. Lavalle
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael R. Hirschenberger
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Meera M. Patel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alyssa Kim
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, and CANR Statistical Consulting Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jessica Cassin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael R. Gorman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David K. Welsh
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Pamela L. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA,Corresponding author. Michigan State University Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building #3010 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48224, USA.
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Si H, Liu H, Nan W, Li G, Li Z, Lou Y. Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:630686. [PMID: 33614769 PMCID: PMC7892468 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 (n = 5, CON), 2.5 (n = 5, LArg), or 5.0 g/d (n = 5, HArg) L-arginine. The IGF-1, ALT and AST concentrations in the serum of LArg sika deer were significantly higher than those in the serum of CON (P < 0.05) and HArg deer (P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of sika deer among the three groups. Comparison of alpha diversities showed that the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly increased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. PCoA and ANOSIM results showed that the bacterial community was significantly changed between the CON and LArg groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter spp. and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 increased, but those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 decreased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the relative abundances of 19 OTUs were significantly different between the LArg and HArg groups. These results revealed that arginine supplementation affected the sika deer rumen bacterial community and serum biochemical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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15
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Chhabra Y, Lee CMM, Müller AF, Brooks AJ. GHR signalling: Receptor activation and degradation mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111075. [PMID: 33181235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) actions via initiating cell signalling through the GH receptor (GHR) are important for many physiological processes, in addition to its well-known role in regulating growth. The activation of JAK-STAT signalling by GH is well characterized, however knowledge on GH activation of SRC family kinases (SFKs) is still limited. In this review we summarise the collective knowledge on the activation, regulation, and downstream signalling of GHR. We highlight studies on GH activation of SFKs and the important outcome of this signalling pathway with a focus on the different degradation mechanisms that can regulate GHR availability since this is an area that warrants further study considering its role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christine M M Lee
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Alexandra Franziska Müller
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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16
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Göpel E, Rockstroh D, Pfäffle H, Schlicke M, Pozza SBD, Gannagé-Yared MH, Gucev Z, Mohn A, Harmel EM, Volkmann J, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Gausche R, Bogatsch H, Beger C, Klammt J, Pfäffle R. A Comprehensive Cohort Analysis Comparing Growth and GH Therapy Response in IGF1R Mutation Carriers and SGA Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5611332. [PMID: 31680140 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT IGF1 receptor mutations (IGF1RM) are rare; however, patients exhibit pronounced growth retardation without catch-up. Although several case reports exist, a comprehensive statistical analysis investigating growth profile and benefit of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment is still missing. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Here, we compared IGF1RM carriers (n = 23) retrospectively regarding birth parameters, growth response to rhGH therapy, near final height, and glucose/insulin homeostasis to treated children born small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 34). Additionally, health profiles of adult IGF1RM carriers were surveyed by a questionnaire. RESULTS IGF1RM carriers were significantly smaller at rhGH initiation and had a diminished first-year response compared to SGA children (Δ height standard deviation score: 0.29 vs. 0.65), resulting in a lower growth response under therapy. Interestingly, the number of poor therapy responders was three times higher for IGF1RM carriers than for SGA patients (53 % vs. 17 %). However, most IGF1RM good responders showed catch-up growth to the levels of SGA patients. Moreover, we observed no differences in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance before treatment, but during treatment insulin resistance was significantly increased in IGF1RM carriers compared to SGA children. Analyses in adult mutation carriers indicated no increased occurrence of comorbidities later in life compared to SGA controls. CONCLUSION In summary, IGF1RM carriers showed a more pronounced growth retardation and lower response to rhGH therapy compared to non-mutation carriers, with high individual variability. Therefore, a critical reevaluation of success should be performed periodically. In adulthood, we could not observe a significant influence of IGF1RM on metabolism and health of carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Göpel
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Rockstroh
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Pfäffle
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Schlicke
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Zoran Gucev
- University Clinic of Child Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eva-Maria Harmel
- Medical Center for Internal Medicine, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Volkmann
- Pediatric Cardiology, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth Gausche
- Growth Network CrescNet, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Beger
- Growth Network CrescNet, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klammt
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- MVZ Labor Dr. Reising-Ackermann und Kollegen GbR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Pfäffle
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Coupal KE, Heeney ND, Hockin BCD, Ronsley R, Armstrong K, Sanatani S, Claydon VE. Pubertal Hormonal Changes and the Autonomic Nervous System: Potential Role in Pediatric Orthostatic Intolerance. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1197. [PMID: 31798399 PMCID: PMC6861527 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is initiated by hormonal changes in the adolescent body that trigger physical and behavioral changes to reach adult maturation. As these changes occur, some adolescents experience concerning pubertal symptoms that are associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Vasovagal syncope (VVS) and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are common disorders of the ANS associated with puberty that are related to orthostatic intolerance and share similar symptoms. Compared to young males, young females have decreased orthostatic tolerance and a higher incidence of VVS and POTS. As puberty is linked to changes in specific sex and non-sex hormones, and hormonal therapy sometimes improves orthostatic symptoms in female VVS patients, it is possible that pubertal hormones play a role in the increased susceptibility of young females to autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this paper is to review the key hormonal changes associated with female puberty, their effects on the ANS, and their potential role in predisposing some adolescent females to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions such as VVS and POTS. Increases in pubertal hormones such as estrogen, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote vasodilatation and decrease blood volume. This may be exacerbated by higher levels of progesterone, which suppresses catecholamine secretion and sympathetic outflow. Abnormal heart rate increases in POTS patients may be exacerbated by pubertal increases in leptin, insulin, and thyroid hormones acting to increase sympathetic nervous system activity and/or catecholamine levels. Given the coincidental timing of female pubertal hormone surges and adolescent onset of VVS and POTS in young women, coupled with the known roles of these hormones in modulating cardiovascular homeostasis, it is likely that female pubertal hormones play a role in predisposing females to VVS and POTS during puberty. Further research is necessary to confirm the effects of female pubertal hormones on autonomic function, and their role in pubertal autonomic disorders such as VVS and POTS, in order to inform the treatment and management of these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra E Coupal
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie D Heeney
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Brooke C D Hockin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Ronsley
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Armstrong
- Children's Heart Centre, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Enriched developmental biology molecular pathways impact on antipsychotics-induced weight gain. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 30:9-20. [PMID: 31651721 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic-induced weight gain (PIWG) may lead to increased risk for cardiovasculardiseases, metabolic disorders and treatment discontinuation. PIWG may be genetically driven. The analysis of complete molecular pathways may grant suffcient power to tackle the biologic variance of PIWG. Such identifcation would help to move a step forward in the direction of personalized treatment in psychiatry. A genetic sample from the CATIE trial (n = 765; M = 556, mean age = 40.93 ± 11.03) treated with diverse antipsychotic drugs was investigated. A molecular pathway analysis was conducted for the identifcation of the molecular pathways enriched in variations associated with PIWG. The developmental biology molecular pathway was signifcantly (P.adj = 0.018) enriched in genetic variations signifcantly (P < 0.01) associated with PIWG. A total of 18 genes were identifed and discussed. The developmental biology molecular pathway is involved in the regulation of β-cell development, and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation. Results from the current contribution correlate with previous evidence and it is consistent with our earlier result on the STAR*D sample. Furthermore, the involvement of the β-cell development and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation pathways stress the relevance of the peripheral tissue rearrangement, rather than increased food intake, in the biologic modifcations that follow psychotropic treatment and may lead to PIWG. Further research is warranted.
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Sun L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fan Y, Guo Y, Wang F. Dietary rumen-protected arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhances fetal growth in underfed ewes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1116-1127. [PMID: 31039923 DOI: 10.1071/rd17164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an ovine intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) model to test the hypothesis that dietary rumen-protected l-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation in underfed ewes is effective in enhancing fetal growth. Between Days 35 and 110 of pregnancy, 32 multiparous ewes carrying two fetuses were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control (CG) group (n=8; 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements for pregnant sheep), a nutrient-restricted (RG) group (n=8; fed 50% NRC requirements, and two treatment (ARG and NCG) groups (n=8 in each group; fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20gday-1 RP-Arg or 5gday-1 NCG. All ewes were killed on Day 110 of pregnancy to determine fetal weight and fetal organ weights, and metabolites and hormones in fetal plasma, amino acid concentrations in the fetal liver and longissimus dorsi muscle, and expression of mRNAs in the somatotropic axis. Maternal and fetal bodyweight and the weight of most fetal organs expressed as a percentage of bodyweight increased in response to ARG and NCG compared with values for fetuses from RG ewes. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, total amino acids, lactate, thyroxine, and the thyroxine/tri-iodothyronine ratio were lower in fetuses from RG ewes compared with the other treatment groups, but concentrations of growth hormone, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were greater in fetuses from RG ewes. Maternal RP-Arg or NCG supplementation increased concentrations of amino acids in fetal tissues and expression of mRNAs for somatotropic axis proteins in fetuses from RG ewes. These findings suggest that maternal RP-Arg and NCG supplementation of underfed ewes decreases fetal IUGR by improving metabolic homeostasis of fetal endocrinology, increasing the availability of amino acids in the fetal liver and longissimus dorsi muscle and affecting the expression of somatotropic axis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
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Early Developmental Stress Affects Subsequent Gene Expression Response to an Acute Stress in Atlantic Salmon: An Approach for Creating Robust Fish for Aquaculture? G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:1597-1611. [PMID: 30885921 PMCID: PMC6505151 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress during early life has potential to program and alter the response to stressful events and metabolism in later life. Repeated short exposure of Atlantic salmon to cold water and air during embryonic (E), post-hatch (PH) or both phases of development (EPH) has been shown to alter the methylome and transcriptome and to affect growth performance during later life compared to untreated controls (CO). The aim of this study was to investigate how the transcriptome of these fish responds to subsequent acute stress at the start feeding stage, and to describe methylation differences that might steer these changes. EPH treated fish showed the strongest down-regulation of corticotropin releasing factor 1, up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor and 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 gene expression and a suppressed cortisol response 3 hr after the acute stress, differences that could influence hormesis and be affecting how EPH fish cope and recover from the stress event. Growth hormone 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 were more strongly down-regulated following acute stress in EPH treated fish relative to E, PH and CO fish. This indicates switching away from growth toward coping with stress following stressful events in EPH fish. Genes implicated in immune function such as major histocompatibility class 1A, T-cell receptor and toll-like receptor also responded to acute stress differently in EPH treated fish, indicating that repeated stresses during early life may affect robustness. Differential DNA methylation was detected in regions mapping <500 bases from genes differentially responding to acute stress suggesting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Stress treatments applied during early development therefore have potential as a husbandry tool for boosting the productivity of aquaculture by affecting how fish respond to stresses at critical stages of production.
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Di Pasquale C, Gentilin E, Falletta S, Bellio M, Buratto M, Degli Uberti E, Chiara Zatelli M. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway involvement in regulating growth hormone secretion in a rat pituitary adenoma cell line. Endocrine 2018; 60:308-316. [PMID: 29080043 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) controls growth hormone (GH) secretion via a negative feed-back loop that may disclose novel mechanisms possibly useful to control GH hyper-secretion. Our aim was to understand whether PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in IGF1 negative feedback on GH secretion. METHODS Cell viability, GH secretion, Akt, and Erk 1/2 phosphorylation levels in the rat GH3 cell line were assessed under treatment with IGF1 and/or everolimus, an mTOR inhitior. RESULTS We found that IGF1 improves rat GH3 somatotroph cell viability via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and confirmed that IGF1 exerts a negative feedback on GH secretion by a transcriptional mechanism. We demonstrated that the negative IGF1 loop on GH secretion requires Akt activation that seems to play a pivotal role in the control of GH secretion. Furthermore, Akt activation is independent of PI3K and probably mediated by mTORC2. In addition, we found that Erk 1/2 is not involved in GH3 cell viability regulation, but may have a role in controlling GH secretion, independently of IGF1. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that mTOR inhibitors may be useful to reduce pituitary adenoma cell viability, while Erk 1/2 pathway may be considered as a useful therapeutic target to control GH secretion. Our results open the field for further studies searching for effective drugs to control GH hyper-secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelina Di Pasquale
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Falletta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariaenrica Bellio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Buratto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore Degli Uberti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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22
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Du X, Zhu Y, Peng Z, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Shi Z, Guan Y, Sha X, Shen T, Yang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Li X, Liu G. High concentrations of fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate impair the growth hormone-mediated hepatic JAK2-STAT5 pathway in clinically ketotic cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3476-3487. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Johnson SC. Nutrient Sensing, Signaling and Ageing: The Role of IGF-1 and mTOR in Ageing and Age-Related Disease. Subcell Biochem 2018; 90:49-97. [PMID: 30779006 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2835-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient signaling through insulin/IGF-1 was the first pathway demonstrated to regulate ageing and age-related disease in model organisms. Pharmacological or dietary interventions targeting nutrient signaling pathways have been shown to robustly attenuate ageing in many organisms. Caloric restriction, the most widely studied longevity promoting intervention, works through multiple nutrient signaling pathways, while inhibition of mTOR through treatment with rapamycin reproducibly delays ageing and disease through specific inhibition of the mTOR complexes. Although the benefits of reduced insulin/IGF-1 in lifespan and health are well documented in model organisms, defining the precise role of the IGF-1 in human ageing and age-related disease has proven more difficult. Association studies provide some insight but also reveal paradoxes. Low serum IGF-1 predicts longevity, but IGF-1 decreases with age and IGF-1 therapy benefits some of age-related pathologies. Circulating IGF-1 has been associated both positively and negatively with risk of age-related diseases in humans, and in some cases both activation and inhibition of IGF-1 signaling have provided benefit in animal models of the same diseases. Interventions designed modulate the nutrient sensing signaling pathways positively or negatively are already available for clinical use, highlighting the need for a clear understanding of the role of nutrient signaling in ageing and age-related disease. This chapter examines data from model organisms and human genetic association studies, with a special emphasis on IGF-1 and mTOR, and discusses potential models for resolving the paradoxes surrounding IGF-1 data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Sarem Z, Bumke-Vogt C, Mahmoud AM, Assefa B, Weickert MO, Adamidou A, Bähr V, Frystyk J, Möhlig M, Spranger J, Lieske S, Birkenfeld AL, Pfeiffer AFH, Arafat AM. Glucagon Decreases IGF-1 Bioactivity in Humans, Independently of Insulin, by Modulating Its Binding Proteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3480-3490. [PMID: 28911141 PMCID: PMC6287397 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depending on its lipolytic activity, glucagon plays a promising role in obesity treatment. Glucagon-induced growth hormone (GH) release can promote its effect on lipid metabolism, although the underlying mechanisms have not been well-defined. OBJECTIVE The present study highlights the glucagon effect on the GH/insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) axis in vivo and in vitro, taking into consideration insulin as a confounding factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated changes in GH, IGFBP, and IGF-1 bioactivity after intramuscular glucagon administration in 13 lean controls, 11 obese participants, and 13 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The effect of glucagon on the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) translocation, the transcription of GH/IGF-1 system members, and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was further investigated in vitro. RESULTS Despite unchanged total IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels, glucagon decreased IGF-1 bioactivity in all study groups by increasing IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. The reduction in IGF-1 bioactivity occurred before the glucagon-induced surge in GH. In contrast to the transient increase in circulating insulin in obese and lean participants, no change was observed in those with T1DM. In vitro, glucagon dose dependently induced a substantial nuclear translocation of FOXO1 in human osteosarcoma cells and tended to increase IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 gene expression in mouse primary hepatocytes, despite absent Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to the glucagon-induced decrease in bioactive IGF-1 levels as a mechanism through which glucagon induces GH secretion. This insulin-independent reduction is related to increased IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels, which are most likely mediated via activation of the FOXO/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Sarem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Christiane Bumke-Vogt
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Center for
Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Division of Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Biruhalem Assefa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Center for
Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and
Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX,
United Kingdom
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School,
University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Aikatarini Adamidou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Volker Bähr
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Matthias Möhlig
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Center for
Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and
Clinical Research Centre, Charité-University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück Centre
Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lieske
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, and Paul
Langerhans Institute Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, and Paul
Langerhans Institute Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and
Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Ayman M Arafat
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University
Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Center for
Cardiovascular Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ayman M. Arafat,
MD, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine
Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany. E-mail:
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Silva P, Soares H, Braz W, Bombardelli G, Clapper J, Keisler D, Chebel R. Effects of treatment of periparturient dairy cows with recombinant bovine somatotropin on health and productive and reproductive parameters. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3126-3142. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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L-López F, Sarmento-Cabral A, Herrero-Aguayo V, Gahete MD, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction severely influence prostate cell function: role of insulin and IGF1. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1893-1904. [PMID: 28244645 PMCID: PMC5571563 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem that courses with severe comorbidities and a drastic impairment of homeostasis and function of several organs, including the prostate gland (PG). The endocrine–metabolic regulatory axis comprising growth hormone (GH), insulin and IGF1, which is drastically altered under extreme metabolic conditions such as obesity, also plays relevant roles in the development, modulation and homeostasis of the PG. However, its implication in the pathophysiological interplay between obesity and prostate function is still to be elucidated. To explore this association, we used a high fat–diet obese mouse model, as well as in vitro primary cultures of normal‐mouse PG cells and human prostate cancer cell lines. This approach revealed that most of the components of the GH/insulin/IGF1 regulatory axis are present in PGs, where their expression pattern is altered under obesity conditions and after an acute insulin treatment (e.g. Igfbp3), which might have some pathophysiological implications. Moreover, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the PG becomes severely insulin resistant under diet‐induced obesity in mice. Finally, use of in vitro approaches served to confirm and expand the conception that insulin and IGF1 play a direct, relevant role in the control of normal and pathological PG cell function. Altogether, these results uncover a fine, germane crosstalk between the endocrine–metabolic status and the development and homeostasis of the PG, wherein key components of the GH, insulin and IGF1 axes could play a relevant pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L-López
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Cordoba, Spain.,International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood, CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
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Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Deli CK, Vlachopoulos D, Gracia-Marco L, Leontsini D, Draganidis D, Jamurtas AZ, Mastorakos G, Fatouros IG. Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress Responses in the Pediatric Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6010006. [PMID: 28106721 PMCID: PMC5384170 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults demonstrate an upregulation of their pro- and anti-oxidant mechanisms in response to acute exercise while systematic exercise training enhances their antioxidant capacity, thereby leading to a reduced generation of free radicals both at rest and in response to exercise stress. However, less information exists regarding oxidative stress responses and the underlying mechanisms in the pediatric population. Evidence suggests that exercise-induced redox perturbations may be valuable in order to monitor exercise-induced inflammatory responses and as such training overload in children and adolescents as well as monitor optimal growth and development. The purpose of this review was to provide an update on oxidative stress responses to acute and chronic exercise in youth. It has been documented that acute exercise induces age-specific transient alterations in both oxidant and antioxidant markers in children and adolescents. However, these responses seem to be affected by factors such as training phase, training load, fitness level, mode of exercise etc. In relation to chronic adaptation, the role of training on oxidative stress adaptation has not been adequately investigated. The two studies performed so far indicate that children and adolescents exhibit positive adaptations of their antioxidant system, as adults do. More studies are needed in order to shed light on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses, following acute exercise and training adaptations in youth. Available evidence suggests that small amounts of oxidative stress may be necessary for growth whereas the transition to adolescence from childhood may promote maturation of pro- and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Available evidence also suggests that obesity may negatively affect basal and exercise-related antioxidant responses in the peripubertal period during pre- and early-puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69100, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69100, Greece.
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Diamanda Leontsini
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69100, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - George Mastorakos
- Faculty of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece.
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
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Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-induced KBTBD2 deficiency in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6418-E6426. [PMID: 27708159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614467113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a metabolic disorder characterized by lipodystrophy, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, severe diabetes, and growth retardation observed in mice carrying N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations. The disorder was ascribed to a mutation of kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2 (Kbtbd2) and was mimicked by a CRISPR/Cas9-targeted null allele of the same gene. Kbtbd2 encodes a BTB-Kelch family substrate recognition subunit of the Cullin-3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. KBTBD2 targeted p85α, the regulatory subunit of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) heterodimer, causing p85α ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. In the absence of KBTBD2, p85α accumulated to 30-fold greater levels than in wild-type adipocytes, and excessive p110-free p85α blocked the binding of p85α-p110 heterodimers to IRS1, interrupting the insulin signal. Both transplantation of wild-type adipose tissue and homozygous germ line inactivation of the p85α-encoding gene Pik3r1 rescued diabetes and hepatic steatosis phenotypes of Kbtbd2-/- mice. Kbtbd2 was down-regulated in diet-induced obese insulin-resistant mice in a leptin-dependent manner. KBTBD2 is an essential regulator of the insulin-signaling pathway, modulating insulin sensitivity by limiting p85α abundance.
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29
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Fan J, Zhang C, Chen Q, Zhou J, Franc JL, Chen Q, Tong Y. Genomic analyses identify agents regulating somatotroph and lactotroph functions. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:693-704. [PMID: 27709372 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isolated hormone deficiency might be caused by loss of a specific type of endocrine cells, and regenerating these missing cells may provide a new option for future treatment. It is known that POU1F1 lineage cells can differentiate into thyrotroph, somatotroph, and lactotroph. However, there is no effective way of controlling pituitary stem/progenitor cells to differentiate into a specific type of endocrine cell. We thereby analyzed multiple genomic publications related to POU1F1 and pituitary development in this study to identify genes and agents regulating POU1F1 lineage cell differentiation. ANOVA analyses were performed to obtain differentially expressed genes. Ingenuity pathway analyses were performed to obtain signaling pathways, interaction networks, and upstream regulators. Venn diagram was used to determine the overlapping information between studies. Summary statistics was performed to rank genes according to their frequency of occurrence in these studies. The results from upstream analyses indicated that 326 agents may regulate pituitary cell differentiation. These agents can be categorized into 12 groups, including hormones and related pathways, PKA-cAMP pathways, p53/DNA damaging/cell cycle pathways, immune/inflammation regulators, growth factor and downstream pathways, retinoic/RAR pathways, ROS pathways, histone modifications, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family, neuron development/degeneration pathways, calcium related and fat acid, and glucose pathways. Additional experiments demonstrated that H2O2 and catalase differentially regulate growth hormone and prolactin expression in somatolactotroph cells, confirming potential roles of ROS pathway on regulating somatotroph and lactotroph functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cui Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Franc
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7286, CRN2M, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Room 3021, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Komine R, Nishimaki T, Kimura T, Oota H, Naruse K, Homma N, Fukamachi S. Transgenic medaka that overexpress growth hormone have a skin color that does not indicate the activation or inhibition of somatolactin-α signal. Gene 2016; 584:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marzec M, Hawkes CP, Eletto D, Boyle S, Rosenfeld R, Hwa V, Wit JM, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Oostdijk W, Losekoot M, Pedersen O, Yeap BB, Flicker L, Barzilai N, Atzmon G, Grimberg A, Argon Y. A Human Variant of Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 That Inefficiently Supports IGF Production. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1914-28. [PMID: 26982636 PMCID: PMC4870884 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IGFs are critical for normal intrauterine and childhood growth and sustaining health throughout life. We showed previously that the production of IGF-1 and IGF-2 requires interaction with the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and that the amount of secreted IGFs is proportional to the GRP94 activity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that functional polymorphisms of human GRP94 affect IGF production and thereby human health. We describe a hypomorphic variant of human GRP94, P300L, whose heterozygous carriers have 9% lower circulating IGF-1 concentration. P300L was found first in a child with primary IGF deficiency and was later shown to be a noncommon single-nucleotide polymorphism with frequencies of 1%-4% in various populations. When tested in the grp94(-/-) cell-based complementation assay, P300L supported only approximately 58% of IGF secretion relative to wild-type GRP94. Furthermore, recombinant P300L showed impaired nucleotide binding activity. These in vitro data strongly support a causal relationship between the GRP94 variant and the decreased concentration of circulating IGF-1, as observed in human carriers of P300L. Thus, mutations in GRP94 that affect its IGF chaperone activity represent a novel causal genetic mechanism that limits IGF biosynthesis, quite a distinct mechanism from the known genes in the GH/IGF signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Marzec
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Colin P Hawkes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Davide Eletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Ron Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Hermine A van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Bu Beng Yeap
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Leon Flicker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., D.E., S.B., Y.A.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (C.P.H., A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104; National Children's Research Centre (C.P.H.), Dublin 12, Ireland; STAT5, LLC (R.R.), Los Altos, California 94022; Department of Pediatrics (R.R., V.H.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Departments of Pediatrics (J.-M.W., H.A.v.D., W.O.), Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (H.A.v.D.), and Clinical Genetics (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (O.P.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Medicine and Pharmacology (B.B.Y.), Western Australia Centre for Health and Ageing (L.F.), Centre for Medical Research (L.F.), and School of Medicine and Pharmacology (L.F.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (B.B.Y.), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Department of Human Biology (G.A.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; and Departments of Medicine and Genetics (N.B., G.A.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Rubinek T, Modan-Moses D. Klotho and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis: Novel Insights into Complex Interactions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 101:85-118. [PMID: 27125739 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis is pivotal for many metabolic functions, including proper development and growth of bones, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue. Defects in the axis' activity during childhood result in growth abnormalities, while increased secretion of GH from the pituitary results in acromegaly. In order to keep narrow physiologic concentration, GH and IGF-1 secretion and activity are tightly regulated by hypothalamic, pituitary, endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Klotho was first discovered as an aging-suppressor gene. Mice that do not express klotho die prematurely with multiple symptoms of aging, several of them are also characteristic of decreased GH/IGF-1 axis activity. Klotho is highly expressed in the brain, the kidney, and parathyroid and pituitary glands, but can also serve as a circulating hormone by its shedding, forming soluble klotho that can be detected in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. Several lines of evidence suggest an association between klotho levels and activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis: the GH-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary of klotho-deficient mice are hypotrophic; klotho levels are altered in subjects with pathologies of the GH/IGF-1 axis; and accumulating data indicate that klotho is a direct regulator of GH secretion. Thus, klotho seems to be a new player in the intricate regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rubinek
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - D Modan-Moses
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Paltoglou G, Fatouros IG, Valsamakis G, Schoina M, Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Kambas A, Draganidis D, Mantzou A, Papagianni M, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Chrousos GP, Mastorakos G. Antioxidation improves in puberty in normal weight and obese boys, in positive association with exercise-stimulated growth hormone secretion. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:158-64. [PMID: 25938733 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is associated with obesity while the evidence for the role of GH in pro- and antioxidation is inconclusive. This study investigates the relationships between growth hormone (GH), pro- and antioxidation in relation to obesity and puberty before and after an acute bout of exercise. METHODS In this case-control study, 76 healthy normal-weight and obese, prepubertal and pubertal boys underwent a blood sampling before and immediately after an aerobic exercise bout until exhaustion at 70% maximal oxygen consumption. Markers of prooxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCs)) and antioxidation (glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and hormones (GH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-BP-3, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) were measured. RESULTS Baseline and postexercise TBARS and PCs were greater, while baseline GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPX, and TAC were lower in obese than that in normal-weight participants. In all participants, waist was the best negative and positive predictor for postexercise GPX and TBARS, respectively. Baseline TAC was greater in pubertal than that in pre-pubertal participants. In all participants, baseline GH was the best negative predictor for postexercise PCs. Significant positive linear correlation exists between the exercise-associated GH, and GSSG increases in pubertal normal-weight boys. CONCLUSIONS Higher prooxidation and lower antioxidation were observed in obese boys, while antioxidation improves with puberty and postexercise, paralleling GH accentuated secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- 1] Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece [2] First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - George Valsamakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Schoina
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kambas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Dimitris Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Hippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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34
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Wang MZ, Ji Y, Wang C, Chen LM, Wang HR, Loor JJ. The preliminary study on the effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on κ-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:251-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Z. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Y. Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - C. Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - L. M. Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - H. R. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - J. J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Science; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
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Sala E, Filopanti M, Ferrante E, Barbieri AM, Malchiodi E, Verrua E, Giavoli C, Lania AG, Arosio M, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A, Mantovani G. Role of IGF1-(CA)19 promoter microsatellite in the clinical presentation of acromegaly. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1222-9. [PMID: 25370837 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A highly polymorphic Cytosine-Adenosine (CA) repeat sequence microsatellite has been identified in the promoter region of IGF1 gene. Several studies investigated the relationship between IGF1-(CA)n polymorphism and IGF1 levels, with conflicting results. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of this polymorphism on clinical and biochemical characteristics of acromegalic patients. METHODS Eighty-eight acromegalic patients and 104 normal subjects were included in the study. Blood DNA was extracted and analysed by microsatellite technique using capillary electrophoresis. Patients and controls were subdivided in 19/19 [homozygous for the (CA)19 allele], 19/X [heterozygous for the (CA)19 allele] and X/X (any other genotype). RESULTS The genotype frequency was significantly different between patients and controls, the proportion of 19/19 being lower (28·4% vs. 50·0%) and 19/X and X/X higher in acromegalic patients than in controls (P = 0·004). There were no significant differences in age, gender, basal and nadir GH, IGF1-SDS, tumour size, metabolic parameters, outcome and treatment among the three groups. The different frequency of genotypes in acromegalic patients vs. controls, as well as the lack of relationship between IGF1-(CA)n polymorphism and clinical and biochemical data in acromegalic patients, was confirmed using an additional alternative genotyping considering (CA)19 and (CA)20 homozygotes and heterozygotes vs. alleles with more than 19 of 20 repeats or less. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that IGF-(CA)n alleles may have a significant role in determining clinical, biochemical and outcome of patients with acromegaly. The possible role of IGF1 polymorphism on susceptibility to acromegaly remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sala
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, as well as progressive liver dysfunction. Recent animal studies have underscored the importance of hepatic growth hormone (GH) signaling in the development of NAFLD. The imprinted Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1)/preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref1) gene encodes a complex protein producing both circulating and membrane-tethered isoforms whose expression dosage is functionally important because even modest elevation during embryogenesis causes lethality. DLK1 is up-regulated during embryogenesis, during suckling, and in the mother during pregnancy. We investigated the normal role for elevated DLK1 dosage by overexpressing Dlk1 from endogenous control elements. This increased DLK1 dosage caused improved glucose tolerance with no primary defect in adipose tissue expansion even under extreme metabolic stress. Rather, Dlk1 overexpression caused reduced fat stores, pituitary insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) resistance, and a defect in feedback regulation of GH. Increased circulatory GH culminated in a switch in whole body fuel metabolism and a reduction in hepatic steatosis. We propose that the function of DLK1 is to shift the metabolic mode of the organism toward peripheral lipid oxidation and away from lipid storage, thus mediating important physiological adaptations associated with early life and with implications for metabolic disease resistance.
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Lorenzini A, Salmon AB, Lerner C, Torres C, Ikeno Y, Motch S, McCarter R, Sell C. Mice producing reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor type 1 display an increase in maximum, but not mean, life span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:410-9. [PMID: 23873963 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced signaling through the IGF type 1 (IGF-1) receptor increases life span in multiple invertebrate organisms. Studies on mammalian longevity suggest that reducing levels of IGF-1 may also increase life span. However, the data are conflicting and complicated by the physiology of the mammalian neuroendocrine system. We have performed life-span analysis on mice homozygous for an insertion in the Igf1 gene. These mice produce reduced levels of IGF-1 and display a phenotype consistent with a significant decrease in IGF-1. Life-span analysis was carried out at three independent locations. Although the life-span data varied between sites, the maximum life span of the IGF-1-deficient mice was significantly increased and age-specific mortality rates were reduced in the IGF-1-deficient mice; however, mean life span did not differ except at one site, where mean life span was increased in female IGF-1-deficient animals. Early life mortality was noted in one cohort of IGF-1-deficient mice. The results are consistent with a significant role for IGF-1 in the modulation of life span but contrast with the published life-span data for the hypopituitary Ames and Snell dwarf mice and growth hormone receptor null mice, indicating that a reduction in IGF-1 alone is insufficient to increase both mean and maximal life span in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology, Drexel University COM, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102.
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