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Esposito E, Indolfi C, Bello I, Smimmo M, Vellecco V, Schettino A, Montanaro R, Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Panza E, Sorrentino R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E. The endocrine disruptor vinclozolin causes endothelial injury via eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176758. [PMID: 38901528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a common dicarboximide fungicide used to protect crops from diseases. It is also an endocrine disruptor, and its effects on various organs have been described but its influence on vasculature has not yet been addressed. This study focuses on the potential mechanism of VCZ-induced vascular injury. The effect of VCZ on vascular function in terms of relaxing and contracting response was evaluated in mice aorta. A short exposure to VCZ affected the endothelial but not the smooth muscle component. Specifically, it caused a disruption of the eNOS/NO signaling. In line, a short exposure to VCZ in bovine aortic endothelial cells promoted eNOS uncoupling resulting in a reduction of NO bioavailability and eNOS dimer/monomer ratio, and in turn an increase of nitro-tyrosine levels and ROS formation. Prolonging the exposure to VCZ (3 and 6h) an up-regulation of Nox4, enzyme-generating ROS constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, and an increase in ROS and malondialdehyde content coupled with a reduction in NO levels were found. These events were strictly linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α), a stress sensor and its reversion by using a selective inhibitor. Collectively, these results demonstrated that VCZ provokes endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress involving eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α axis. The rapid exposure affected the endothelial function promoting eNOS uncoupling while a post-transcriptional modification, involving Nox4/IRE1α signaling, occurred following prolonged exposure. Thus, exposure to VCZ could contribute to the onset and/or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Indolfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ivana Bello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Martina Smimmo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Schettino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Macchia Romana Campus 10, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Song L, Li Y, Xu M. Exogenous Nucleotides Ameliorate Insulin Resistance Induced by Palmitic Acid in HepG2 Cells through the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 Pathways. Nutrients 2024; 16:1801. [PMID: 38931156 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct dosage levels of exogenous NTs. The findings underscore that exogenous NT intervention augments glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, modulates the expression of glycogen-synthesis-related enzymes (glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase), and influences glycogen content. Additionally, it governs the expression levels of hepatic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase). Moreover, exogenous NT intervention orchestrates insulin signaling pathway (insulin receptor substrate-1, protein kinase B, and forkhead box protein O1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, exogenous NT intervention fine-tunes the expression levels of oxidative stress-related markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and NADPH oxidase 4) and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB). Lastly, exogenous NT intervention regulates the expression levels of glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). Consequently, exogenous NTs ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 pathways and regulate glucose consumption, glycogen content, insulin signaling pathways, AMPK activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100019, China
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3
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Zhang X, Luo Z, Li J, Lin Y, Li Y, Li W. Sestrin2 in diabetes and diabetic complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274686. [PMID: 37920252 PMCID: PMC10619741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem which is accompanied with multi-systemic complications. It is of great significance to elucidate the pathogenesis and to identify novel therapies of diabetes and diabetic complications. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, is primarily involved in cellular responses to various stresses. It plays critical roles in regulating a series of cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Researches investigating the correlations between Sestrin2, diabetes and diabetic complications are increasing in recent years. This review incorporates recent findings, demonstrates the diverse functions and regulating mechanisms of Sestrin2, and discusses the potential roles of Sestrin2 in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, hoping to highlight a promising therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Luo
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxuan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Fan K, Yuan S, Zhou M, Yu Y, Guo J, Fang L, Zhou C, Cui P, Zhang S, Li R, Wang Z, Zhong L, Zeng L. Enhanced Biohomogeneous Composite Membrane-Encapsulated Nanoplatform with Podocyte Targeting for Precise and Safe Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18037-18054. [PMID: 37713364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), associated with high mobility and disability, is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Dysfunction of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in the glomeruli is the main hypnosis for DN progression. However, the use of mTOR inhibitors for DN treatment remains controversial. In this study, we built a multifunctional selective mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibiting nanoplatform (naming as ESC-HCM-B) that targets the release of mTOR and ROS inhibitors near podocytes, aiming to confirm whether combination therapy is an alternative method for DN treatment. The results showed that ESC-HCM-B achieved high drug loading because of the core mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs), and the enhanced biohomogeneous composite membrane endowed ESC-HCM-B with the characteristics of avoiding immune phagocytosis, automatic valve-type slow-release drug, and high stability. In vitro, the nanoplatform showed high efficiency in podocyte targeting but no significant cytotoxicity or apoptotic promotion. In particular, the quantum dots carried by ESC-HCM-B further amplified the effect of "nanoenzyme"; this mechanism reduced the ROS level in podocytes induced by high glucose, protected mitochondrial damage, and restored mitochondrial energy metabolism. In vivo, the nanoplatform specifically targeted the glomerular and podocyte regions of the kidney. After treatment, the nanoplatform significantly reduced urinary protein levels and delayed glomerulosclerosis in DN rats. This nanoplatform provides a safe and effective strategy for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shiyi Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Yongchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Radiation Oncology Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Peijin Cui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular Disease Research, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guanyuan, 628000, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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5
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Darshi M, Tumova J, Saliba A, Kim J, Baek J, Pennathur S, Sharma K. Crabtree effect in kidney proximal tubule cells via late-stage glycolytic intermediates. iScience 2023; 26:106462. [PMID: 37091239 PMCID: PMC10119590 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crabtree effect is defined as a rapid glucose-induced repression of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and has been described in yeasts and tumor cells. Using plate-based respirometry, we identified the Crabtree effect in normal (non-tumor) kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) but not in other kidney cells (podocytes or mesangial cells) or mammalian cells (C2C12 myoblasts). Glucose-induced repression of respiration was prevented by reducing glycolysis at the proximal step with 2-deoxyglucose and partially reversed by pyruvate. The late-stage glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate, but not the early-stage glycolytic intermediates or lactate, inhibited respiration in permeabilized PTEC and kidney cortex mitochondria, mimicking the Crabtree effect. Studies in diabetic mice indicated a pattern of increased late-stage glycolytic intermediates consistent with a similar pattern occurring in vivo. Our results show the unique presence of the Crabtree effect in kidney PTEC and identify the major mediators of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Darshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jana Tumova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Afaf Saliba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jiwan Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Judy Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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6
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SGLT2 Inhibitor—Dapagliflozin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Renal Injury by Regulating Inflammation through a CYP4A/20-HETE Signaling Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030965. [PMID: 36986825 PMCID: PMC10054805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key contributors to the development and progression of DKD, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a promising class of drugs, with evidence demonstrating that they can improve renal outcomes in people with diabetes. However, the exact mechanism by which SGLT2i exert their renoprotective effects is not yet fully understood. This study demonstrates that dapagliflozin treatment attenuates renal injury observed in type 2 diabetic mice. This is evidenced by the reduction in renal hypertrophy and proteinuria. Furthermore, dapagliflozin decreases tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis by mitigating the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation, which are activated through the production of CYP4A-induced 20-HETE. Our findings provide insights onto a novel mechanistic pathway by which SGLT2i exerts their renoprotective effects. Overall, and to our knowledge, the study provides critical insights into the pathophysiology of DKD and represents an important step towards improving outcomes for people with this devastating condition.
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7
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Ala M. Sestrin2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Podocyte Biology and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8776878. [PMID: 36818747 PMCID: PMC9937769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 regulates cell homeostasis and is an upstream signaling molecule for several signaling pathways. Sestrin2 leads to AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) and GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags (GATOR) 1-mediated inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thereby enhancing autophagy. Sestrin2 also improves mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. Blockade of ribosomal protein synthesis and augmentation of autophagy by Sestrin2 can prevent misfolded protein accumulation and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, Sestrin2 enhances P62-mediated autophagic degradation of Keap1 to release nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 release by Sestrin2 vigorously potentiates antioxidant defense in diabetic nephropathy. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, severe oxidative stress, and ER stress are all deeply involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that Sestrin2 expression is lower in the kidney of animals and patients with diabetic nephropathy. Sestrin2 knockdown aggravated diabetic nephropathy in animal models. In contrast, upregulation of Sestrin2 enhanced autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Consistently, overexpression of Sestrin2 ameliorated podocyte injury, mesangial proliferation, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. By suppressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF1) signaling pathways in experimental models, Sestrin2 hindered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidneys. Moreover, modulation of the downstream molecules of Sestrin2, for instance, augmentation of AMPK or Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of mTORC1, has been protective in diabetic nephropathy. Regarding the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on diabetic nephropathy and its interaction with several signaling molecules, it is worth targeting Sestrin2 in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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8
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Han YP, Liu LJ, Yan JL, Chen MY, Meng XF, Zhou XR, Qian LB. Autophagy and its therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139444. [PMID: 37020591 PMCID: PMC10067862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern due to a lack of effective clinical treatments. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. Emerging studies have shown that disorder in autophagy results in the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles in diabetic renal cells and promotes the development of DN. Autophagy is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMPK, mTOR, and Sirt1, and several intracellular stress signaling pathways such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An abnormal nutritional status and excess cellular stresses caused by diabetes-related metabolic disorders disturb the autophagic flux, leading to cellular dysfunction and DN. Here, we summarized the role of autophagy in DN focusing on signaling pathways to modulate autophagy and therapeutic interferences of autophagy in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Jiang W, Zhang J, Yang R, Sun X, Wu H, Zhang J, Liu S, Sun C, Ma L, Han T, Wei W. Association of urinary nitrate with diabetes complication and disease-specific mortality among adults with hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:1318-1329. [PMID: 36576885 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyperglycemia condition disrupts the metabolism of nitrate/nitrite and nitric oxide, and dietary nitrate intake can restore nitric oxide homeostasis. This study aims to examine whether urinary nitrate is associated with diabetes complications and long-term survival among people with hyperglycemia. METHODS A total of 6208 people with hyperglycemia who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled. Diabetes complications included congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetic retinopathy, and nephropathy. Mortality wasobtained from the National Death Index until 2015. Urinary nitrate was measured by ion chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, which was log-transformed and categized into tertiles. Logistic regression models and cox proportional hazards models were respectively performed to assess the association of urinary nitrate with the risk of diabetes complications and disease-specific mortalities. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders including urinary perchlorate and thiocyanate, compared with the participants in the lowest tertile of nitrate, the participants in the highest tertile had lower risks of congestive heart failure(odd-ratio[OR] = 0.41, 95%CI:0.27-0.60) and diabetic nephropathy(OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.41-0.62). Meanwhile, during a total follow-up of 41,463 person-year, the participants in the highest tertile had lower mortality risk of all-cause(hazard-ratio[HR] = 0.78, 95%CI:0.62-0.97), cardiovascular disease(CVD)(HR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.37-0.84) and diabetes(HR = 0.47, 95%CI:0.24-0.90), which showed dose-dependent linear relationships(P for non-linearity > 0.05). Moreover, no association between nitrate and cancer mortality was observed(HR = 1.13, 95%CI:0.71-1.80). CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary nitrate is associated with lower risk of congestive heart failure and diabetic nephropathy, and lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and diabetes mortalities. These findings indicated that inorganic nitrate supplementation can be considered as a supplementary treatment for people with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R.China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R.China
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10
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Noureldein M, Nawfal R, Bitar S, Maxwell SS, Khurana I, Kassouf HK, Khuri FR, El-Osta A, Eid AA. Intestinal microbiota regulates diabetes and cancer progression by IL-1β and NOX4 dependent signaling cascades. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:502. [PMID: 36040503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes changes the host microbiota, a condition known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is an important factor for the pathogenesis of diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed at identifying the microbial signature associated with diabetes and CRC; and identifying the signaling mechanism altered by dysbiosis and leading to CRC progression in diabetes. MKR mice that can spontaneously develop type 2 diabetes were used. For CRC induction, another subset of mice was treated with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. To identify the role of microbiota, microbiota-depleted mice were inoculated with fecal microbial transplant from diabetic and CRC mice. Further, a mouse group was treated with probiotics. At the end of the treatment, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify microbiota in the fecal samples. Blood was collected, and colons were harvested for molecular, anatomical, and histological analysis. Our results show that diabetes is associated with a microbial signature characterized by reduction of butyrate-forming bacteria. This dysbiosis is associated with gastrointestinal complications reflected by a reduction in colon lengths. These changes are reversed upon treatment with probiotics, which rectified the observed dysbiosis. Inoculation of control mice with diabetic or cancer microbiota resulted in the development of increased number of polyps. Our data also show that inflammatory cytokines (mainly interleukin (IL)-1β) and NADPH oxidase (NOX)4 are over-expressed in the colon tissues of diabetic mice. Collectively our data suggest that diabetes is associated with dysbiosis characterized by lower abundance of butyrate-forming bacteria leading to over-expression of IL-1β and NOX4 leading to gastrointestinal complications and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rashad Nawfal
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Bitar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Hala Kfoury Kassouf
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon. .,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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11
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Sestrin2 remedies podocyte injury via orchestrating TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 axis in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:663. [PMID: 35908070 PMCID: PMC9338940 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is identified as a stress-induced protein and could functionate in many aspects. In our study, we investigated the latent impact of Sestrin2 on podocyte injury and its molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sestrin2 was low-expressed in renal biopsies from individuals with DKD, the glomeruli from diabetic mice, and mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG). Sestrin2 overexpression ameliorated HG-induced phenotypic alterations, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes and modulated the activity of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)/transforming growth factor (TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway in podocytes. Moreover, TSP-1 inhibitor LSKL or TGF-β blocker Pirfenidone arrested podocyte injury induced by HG. Streptozotocin (STZ) was employed to render equivalent diabetes in B6-TgN (CMV-Sestrin2) (TgN) and wild-type (WT) control mice. Sestrin2 alleviated increased levels of 24-h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and triglyceride, and urine 8-OHdG in diabetic mice. Podocyte phenotypic alterations, increased expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and podocyte loss were observed in WT but not in diabetic TgN mice, as well as oxidative stress. Additionally, TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway was also suppressed in glomeruli of diabetic TgN mice. Thus, Sestrin2 mitigates podocyte injury in DKD via orchestrating TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, underlining Sestrin2 as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.
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12
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Bian Y, Shi C, Song S, Mu L, Wu M, Qiu D, Dong J, Zhang W, Yuan C, Wang D, Zhou Z, Dong X, Shi Y. Sestrin2 attenuates renal damage by regulating Hippo pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:93-112. [PMID: 35821438 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). As a conserved stress-inducible protein, sestrin2 (Sesn2) plays critical role in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study, we investigated the role of Sesn2 on renal damage in diabetic kidney using transgenic mice overexpressing Sesn2 and the effect of Sesn2 on mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic conditions and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Sesn2 overexpression improved renal function and decreased glomerular hypertrophy, albuminuria, mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and TGF-β1 expression, as well as oxidative stress in diabetic mice. In vitro experiments, using human mesangial cells (HMCs), revealed that Sesn2 overexpression inhibited high glucose (HG)-induced proliferation, fibronectin and collagen IV production, and ROS generation. Meanwhile, Sesn2 overexpression restored phosphorylation levels of Lats1 and YAP and inhibited TEAD1 expression. Inhibition of Lats1 accelerated HG-induced proliferation and expression of fibronectin and collagen IV. Verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP, suppressed HG-induced proliferation and expression of fibronectin and collagen IV. However, Sesn2 overexpression reversed Lats1 deficiency-induced Lats1 and YAP phosphorylation, nuclear expression levels of YAP and TEAD1, and proliferation and fibronectin and collagen IV expressions in HMCs exposed to HG. In addition, antioxidant NAC or tempol treatment promoted phosphorylation of Lats1 and YAP and inhibited TEAD1 expression, proliferation, and fibronectin and collagen IV accumulation in HG-treated HMCs. Taken together, Sesn2 overexpression inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis via regulating Hippo pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Induction of Sesn2 may be a potential therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Bian
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Chonglin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Duojun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Dongyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zihui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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13
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Inhibition of ChREBP ubiquitination via the ROS/Akt-dependent downregulation of Smurf2 contributes to lysophosphatidic acid-induced fibrosis in renal mesangial cells. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:31. [PMID: 35538534 PMCID: PMC9092836 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial cell fibrosis, a typical symptom of diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a major contributor to glomerulosclerosis. We previously reported that the pharmacological blockade of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling improves DN. Although LPA signaling is implicated in diabetic renal fibrosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in LPA-induced renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Methods Eight-week-old wild-type and db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with the vehicle or an LPAR1/3 antagonist, ki16425 (10 mg/kg), for 8 weeks on a daily basis, following which the mice were sacrificed and renal protein expression was analyzed. SV40 MES13 cells were treated with LPA in the presence or absence of ki16425, and the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, including fibronectin, TGF-β, and IL-1β, was examined. The role of ChREBP in the LPA-induced fibrotic response was investigated by ChREBP overexpression or knockdown. The involvement of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-2 (Smurf2), an E3 ligase, in LPA-induced expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors was investigated by Smurf2 overexpression or knockdown. To identify signaling molecules regulating Smurf2 expression by LPA, pharmacological inhibitors such as A6370 (Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor) and Ly 294002 (PI3K inhibitor) were used. Results The renal expression of ChREBP increased in diabetic db/db mice, and was reduced following treatment with the ki16425. Treatment with LPA induced the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, including fibronectin, TGF-β, and IL-1β, in SV40 MES13 cells, which were positively correlated. The LPA-induced expression of fibrotic factors increased or decreased following ChREBP overexpression and knockdown, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated the LPA-induced expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors, and LPA decreased Smurf2 expression via Traf4-mediated ubiquitination. The LPA-induced expression of ubiquitinated-ChREBP increased or decreased following Smurf2 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Additionally, Smurf2 knockdown significantly increased the expression of ChREBP and fibrotic factors. The pharmacological inhibition of Akt signaling suppressed the LPA-induced alterations in the expression of ChREBP and Smurf2. Conclusion Collectively, the results demonstrated that the ROS/Akt-dependent downregulation of Smurf2 and the subsequent increase in ChREBP expression might be one of the mechanisms by which LPA induces mesangial cell fibrosis in DN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00814-1.
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14
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Sun X, Lv W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ouyang Z, Yin R, Wei Y. Mrgprb2 gene plays a role in the anaphylactoid reactions induced by Houttuynia cordata injection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115053. [PMID: 35104575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Houttuynia cordata Thunb., a plant belonging to the family of Saururaceae, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1500 years. Because of its various pharmacological activities, it was widely used as antipyretic, detoxification, anti-inflammatory drugs. Houttuynia cordata (HC) injection was prepared using contemporary methods to extract effective components from H. cordata Thunb. However, the adverse event reports of HC injection are accumulating remarkably with the HC injection clinical applications increased. Previous studies demonstrated that the major side effects of HC injection were anaphylactoid reactions. Our work might shed the light on the role of Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) in modulating drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the role of the mouse Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor B2 (Mrgprb2) (the orthologous gene of human MRGPRX2) in anaphylactoid reactions induced by HC injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mrgprb2 related anaphylactoid reactions induced by HC injection were investigated by histamine/β-hexosaminidase releasing, mast cell degranulation, and hind paw swelling assays by using a Mrgprb2 knockout mouse model. Furthermore, the transcriptomic profiles of the anaphylactoid reaction induced by HC injection was analyzed by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Mice without Mrgprb2 exhibited significantly decreasing in mast cell degranulation, serum histamine release, and hind paw swelling degrees. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Mrgprb2 could play a pivotal role in HC injection induced anaphylactoid reaction mediated by mTOR/AMPK pathway. Intriguingly, our results showed that Mrgprb2 might involve in Compound 48/80 induced anaphylactoid reactions mediated by Reelin/E-cadherin axis, which suggested different roles of Mrgprb2 in anaphylactoid reactions induced by HC injection and C48/80. CONCLUSION Our studies reported effects and underlying mechanisms of Mrgprb2 in the anaphylactoid reaction induced by HC injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Wanlin Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
| | - Yalan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
| | - Runting Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
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15
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Renal mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of CKD: mtDNA and mitomiRs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:345-360. [PMID: 35260892 PMCID: PMC10018514 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern that affects over 200 million people worldwide and is associated with a tremendous economic burden. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underpinning CKD is crucial to decelerate its progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal tubular cells are populated with a high number of mitochondria, which produce cellular energy and modulate several important cellular processes, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has implicated renal mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of common etiologies of CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic renal ischemia, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). However, most compelling evidence is based on preclinical studies because renal biopsies are not routinely performed in many patients with CKD. Previous studies have shown that urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of renal mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging data also suggest that CKD is associated with altered expression of mitochondria-related microRNAs (mitomiRs), which localize in mitochondria and regulate the expression of mtDNA and nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes. This review summarizes relevant evidence regarding the involvement of renal mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in frequent forms of CKD. We further provide an overview of non-invasive biomarkers and potential mechanisms of renal mitochondrial damage, especially focusing on mtDNA and mitomiRs.
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16
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Chen Y, Huang T, Yu Z, Yu Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Shi J, Yang G. The functions and roles of sestrins in regulating human diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:2. [PMID: 34979914 PMCID: PMC8721191 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns), highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic proteins, are known to protect organisms against various noxious stimuli including DNA damage, oxidative stress, starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hypoxia. Sesns regulate metabolism mainly through activation of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sesns also play pivotal roles in autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition in normal cells, while conversely promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. The functions of Sesns in diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been broadly investigated in the past decades. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological processes of human diseases, especially musculoskeletal system diseases. One aim of this review is to discuss the biological functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological process and phenotype of diseases. More significantly, we include some new evidence about the musculoskeletal system. Another purpose is to explore whether Sesns could be potential biomarkers or targets in the future diagnostic and therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingben Huang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji'an Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoli Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Zhang N, Liao HH, Feng H, Mou SQ, Li WJ, Aiyasiding X, Lin Z, Ding W, Zhou ZY, Yan H, Chen S, Tang QZ. Knockout of AMPKα2 Blocked the Protection of Sestrin2 Overexpression Against Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Pressure Overload. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716884. [PMID: 34867324 PMCID: PMC8635785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sestrin2 (Sesn2) has been demonstrated to be a cysteine sulfinyl reductase and protects cells from multiple stress insults, including hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress. However, the roles and mechanisms of Sesn2 in pressure overload-induced mouse cardiac hypertrophy have not been clearly clarified. This study intended to investigate whether sestrin2 (Sesn2) overexpression could prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via an AMPKα2 dependent pathway through conditional knockout of AMPKα2. Methods and results: Sesn2 expression was significantly increased in mice hearts at 2 and 4 weeks after aortic banding (AB) surgery, but decreased to 60–70% of the baseline at 8 weeks. Sesn2 overexpression (at 3, 6, and 9 folds) showed little cardiac genetic toxicity in transgenic mice. Cardiac dysfunctions induced by pressure overload were attenuated by cardiomyocyte-specific Sesn2 overexpression when measured by echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis. Results of HE and PSR staining showed that Sesn2 overexpression significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice hearts induced by pressure overload. Meanwhile, adenovirus-mediated-Sesn2 overexpression markedly suppressed angiotensin II-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Mechanistically, Sesn2 overexpression increased AMPKα2 phosphorylation but inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation. The cardiac protections of Sesn2 overexpression were also via regulating oxidative stress by enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, restoring SOD activity, and suppressing NADPH activity. Particularly, we first proved the vital role of AMPKα2 in the regulation of Sesn2 with AMPKα2 knockout (AMPKα2-/-) mice and Sesn2 transgenic mice crossed with AMPKα2-/-, since Sesn2 overexpression failed to improve cardiac function, inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuate oxidative stress after AMPKα2 knockout. Conclusion: This study uniquely revealed that Sesn2 overexpression showed little genetic toxicity in mice hearts and inhibited mTORC1 activation and oxidative stress to protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in an AMPKα2 dependent pathway. Thus, interventions through promoting Sesn2 expression might be a potential strategy for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Han Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Qi Mou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiahenazi Aiyasiding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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18
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Ala M, Eftekhar SP. Target Sestrin2 to Rescue the Damaged Organ: Mechanistic Insight into Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8790369. [PMID: 34765085 PMCID: PMC8577929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8790369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible metabolic regulator and a conserved antioxidant protein which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Sestrin2 can protect against atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, spinal cord injury neurodegeneration, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pulmonary inflammation. Oxidative stress and cellular damage signals can alter the expression of Sestrin2 to compensate for organ damage. Different stress signals such as those mediated by P53, Nrf2/ARE, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JNK/c-Jun, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways can induce Sestrin2 expression. Subsequently, Sestrin2 activates Nrf2 and AMPK. Furthermore, Sestrin2 is a major negative regulator of mTORC1. Sestrin2 indirectly regulates the expression of several genes and reprograms intracellular signaling pathways to attenuate oxidative stress and modulate a large number of cellular events such as protein synthesis, cell energy homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Sestrin2 vigorously enhances M2 macrophage polarization, attenuates inflammation, and prevents cell death. These alterations in molecular and cellular levels improve the clinical presentation of several diseases. This review will shed light on the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on several diseases with an emphasis on underlying pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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19
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Tian Z, Yan BJ, Luo W, Gui DD, Zhou K, Tian KJ, Ma Y, Zhou ZX, Jiang ZS. Sestrin2 in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:325-329. [PMID: 34666031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathological basis of numerous lethal diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. As we know, almost twenty million people worldwide die of the arterial diseases annually. Sestrin2 is a stress-inducing protein, which serves as a guardian by activating AMPK, inhibiting mTOR, and maintaining redox balance beneath various stress environments. A large number of studies show that Sestrin2 would shield the body from injury by stress. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that Sestrin2 is closely connected with AS. Here, this article reviewed the involvement of Sestrin2 in the pathogenesis of AS from four aspects: cellular mechanism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Current evidence reveals that Sestrin2 is a novel target for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Che X, Chai J, Fang Y, Zhang X, Zu A, Li L, Sun S, Yang W. Sestrin2 in hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases. Redox Rep 2021; 26:111-116. [PMID: 34225572 PMCID: PMC8259815 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1948774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein and play an important role in adapting stress states of cells. This article reviewed the role of Sestrin2 in hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases to provide new perspectives for future research and new therapeutic targets for hypoxia-related diseases. Methods: A review was conducted through an electronic search of PubMed and Medline databases. Keywords included Sestrin2, ROS, hypoxia, and hypoxia-related disease. Articles from 2008 to 2021 were mostly included and older ones were not excluded. Results: Sestrin2 is upregulated under various stress conditions, especially hypoxia. Under hypoxic condition, Sestrin2 plays a protective role by reducing the generation of ROS through various pathways, such as adenosine monophosphatea-ctivated protein kinase (AMPK) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases, such as cerebral hypoxic disease, myocardial hypoxic disease, hypoxia-related respiratory disease, and diabetes. Discussion: Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases and maybe a therapeutic target. Furthermore, most studies focus on cerebral and myocardial ischemia reperfusion. More researches on hypoxia-related respiratory diseases, kidney injury, and diabetes are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Class & Second Class, 2017 Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiagui Chai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Class & Second Class, 2017 Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Anju Zu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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22
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Sundararajan S, Jayachandran I, Subramanian SC, Anjana RM, Balasubramanyam M, Mohan V, Venkatesan B, Manickam N. Decreased Sestrin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia and their association with the severity of atherogenic index. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1395-1405. [PMID: 33048307 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We earlier reported that Sestrin2 regulates monocyte activation and atherogenic events through AMPK-mTOR nexus under high-glucose and dyslipidemic conditions. However, the statuses of Sestrins in diabetes and dyslipidemia are not known. We report here on the status of Sestrins and their association with diabetic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. METHODS Individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 46), dyslipidemia (n = 42), and patients with Type 2 diabetes with (n = 41) and without dyslipidemia (n = 40) were recruited from a tertiary diabetes centre, Chennai, India to study the mRNA expression levels of Sestrins (1, 2, and 3) in monocytes by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of Sestrins were measured using ELISA. Atherogenic index of plasma was calculated as log (triglyceride/HDL). RESULTS mRNA expressions of Sestrin1 and Sestrin3 were significantly reduced in monocytes under dyslipidemic conditions but not in diabetes condition. Interestingly, Sestrin2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in all disease conditions including dyslipidemia, and diabetes with and without dyslipidemia. Sestrin2 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with glycemic and lipid parameters and plasma atherogenic index. Furthermore, circulatory Sestrin2 was also found to be significantly decreased in dyslipidemia (415.2 ± 44.7 pg/ml), diabetes (375 ± 45 pg/ml), and diabetes with dyslipidemia (319.2 ± 26.3 pg/ml) compared to NGT (706.3 ± 77 pg/ml) and negatively correlated with glycemic, lipid parameters, and plasma atherogenic index. CONCLUSION We report for the first time that Sestrins levels are significantly decreased in diabetes and dyslipidemic conditions. More strikingly, Sestrin2 had a strong association with atherogenic risk factors and severity of atherogenic index and we suggest that Sestrin2 may be used as a biomarker for assessing atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sundararajan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - I Jayachandran
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India
| | - S C Subramanian
- Clinical Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - R M Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Who Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - M Balasubramanyam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Who Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - B Venkatesan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India.
- Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, India.
| | - N Manickam
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and ICMR Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Chennai, India.
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Fatima MT, Hasan M, Abdelsalam SS, Sivaraman SK, El-Gamal H, Zahid MA, Elrayess MA, Korashy HM, Zeidan A, Parray AS, Agouni A. Sestrin2 suppression aggravates oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells subjected to pharmacologically induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174247. [PMID: 34116045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an inflammatory response that contributes to endothelial cell dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases, in close interplay with oxidative stress. Recently, Sestrin2 (SESN2) emerged as a novel stress-inducible protein protecting cells from oxidative stress. We investigated here, for the first time, the impact of SESN2 suppression on oxidative stress and cell survival in human endothelial cells subjected to pharmacologically (thapsigargin)-induced ER stress and studied the underlying cellular pathways. We found that SESN2 silencing, though did not specifically induce ER stress, it aggravated the effects of thapsigargin-induced ER stress on oxidative stress and cell survival. This was associated with a dysregulation of Nrf-2, AMPK and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, SESN2 silencing aggravated, in an additive manner, apoptosis caused by thapsigargin. Importantly, SESN2 silencing, unlike thapsigargin, caused a dramatic decrease in protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt, a critical pro-survival hub and component of the AMPK/Akt/mTORC1 axis. Our findings suggest that patients with conditions characterized by ER stress activation, such as diabetes, may be at higher risk for cardiovascular complications if their endogenous ability to stimulate and/or maintain expression levels of SESN2 is disturbed or impaired. Therefore, identifying novel or repurposing existing pharmacotherapies to enhance and/or maintain SESN2 expression levels would be beneficial in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza T Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maram Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahenda S Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Siveen K Sivaraman
- Interim Translational Research Insititute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad A Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz S Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pesce C, Pugliese G, Menini S. Diabetic Complications and Oxidative Stress: A 20-Year Voyage Back in Time and Back to the Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050727. [PMID: 34063078 PMCID: PMC8147954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years have passed since Brownlee and colleagues proposed a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications, introducing a turning point in this field of research. For the first time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified as the causal link between hyperglycemia and four seemingly independent pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular disease. Before and after this milestone in diabetes research, hundreds of articles describe a role for ROS, but the failure of clinical trials to demonstrate antioxidant benefits and some recent experimental studies showing that ROS are dispensable for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications call for time to reflect. This twenty-year journey focuses on the most relevant literature regarding the main sources of ROS generation in diabetes and their role in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction and diabetic complications. To identify future research directions, this review discusses the evidence in favor and against oxidative stress as an initial event in the cellular biochemical abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia. It also explores possible alternative mechanisms, including carbonyl stress and the Warburg effect, linking glucose and lipid excess, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism leading to vascular cell injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Pesce
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Department of Excellence of MIUR, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-377-5440
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
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25
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Huang S, Chen G, Sun J, Chen Y, Wang N, Dong Y, Shen E, Hu Z, Gong W, Jin L, Cong W. Histone deacetylase 3 inhibition alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced endothelial dysfunction via Nrf2. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:35. [PMID: 33736642 PMCID: PMC7977318 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) reduced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which mediates the expression of anti-inflammatory- and pro-survival-related genes in the vascular endothelium, thereby improving endothelial function. METHODS Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) C57BL/6 background mice, diabetic db/db mice, and control db/m mice were used to investigate the relationship between HDAC3 and Nrf2 in the endothelium in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under high glucose-palmitic acid (HG-PA) conditions were used to explore the role of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) -Nrf2-NAPDH oxidase 4 (Nox4) redox signaling in the vascular endothelium in vitro. Activity assays, immunofluorescence, western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the effect of HDAC3 inhibition on inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and endothelial impairment, as well as the activity of Nrf2-related molecules. RESULTS HDAC3 activity, but not its expression, was increased in db/db mice. This resulted in de-endothelialization and increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory marker expression in cells treated with the HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966, which activated Nrf2 signaling. HDAC3 silencing decreased ROS production, inflammation, and damage-associated tube formation in HG-PA-treated HUVECs. The underlying mechanism involved the Keap1-Nrf2-Nox4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest the potential of HDAC3 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yetong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Enzhao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Li M, Du X, Huang Z, Quan N. Sestrin 2, a potential star of antioxidant stress in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:56-68. [PMID: 33310138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signal transduction. However, excessive ROS is an important pathological mechanism in most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial aging, cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury (e.g., myocardial infarction) and heart failure. Programmed cell death, hypertrophy and fibrosis may be due to oxidative stress. Sestrin 2 (Sesn2), a stress-inducible protein associated with various stress conditions, is a potential antioxidant. Sesn2 can suppress the process of heart damage caused by oxidative stress, promote cell survival and play a key role in a variety of CVDs. This review discusses the effect of Sesn2 on the redox signal, mainly via participation in the signaling pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. It also discusses the effect of Sesn2's antioxidant activity on different CVDs. We speculate that Sesn2 plays an important role in CVDs by stimulating the process of antioxidation and promoting the adaptation of cells to stress conditions and/or the environment, opening a new avenue for related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China.
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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27
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Frasca D, Saada YB, Garcia D, Friguet B. Effects of cellular senescence on metabolic pathways in non-immune and immune cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111428. [PMID: 33383073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular stresses induce cellular senescence and the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation in different cell types. Although blocked in their capacity to divide, senescent cells are metabolically active and are characterized by a different metabolic phenotype as compared to non-senescent cells. Changes observed in senescent cells depend from the cell type and lead to an adaptative flexibility in the type of metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming is needed to cope with survival and with the energetic demands of the senescent program that include the increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Yara Bou Saada
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, B2A-IBPS, 75005, Paris, France.
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28
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Wang B J, Wang S, Xiao M, Zhang J, Wang A J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. Regulatory mechanisms of Sesn2 and its role in multi-organ diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105331. [PMID: 33285232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a powerful anti-oxidant that can prevent acute and chronic diseases. The role of Sesn2 has been thoroughly reviewed in liver, nervous system, and immune system diseases. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the effects of Sesn2 in heart and vascular diseases, and very less literature-based information is available on involvement of Sesn2 in renal and respiratory pathologies. This review summarizes the latest research on Sesn2 in multi-organ stress responses, with a particular focus on the protective role of Sesn2 in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting Sesn2 in stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang B
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jie Wang A
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Ro SH, Fay J, Cyuzuzo CI, Jang Y, Lee N, Song HS, Harris EN. SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603421. [PMID: 33425907 PMCID: PMC7794007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper timely management of various external and internal stresses is critical for metabolic and redox homeostasis in mammals. In particular, dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) triggered from metabolic stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental and genotoxic stress are well-known culprits leading to chronic metabolic disease conditions in humans. Sestrins are one of the metabolic and environmental stress-responsive groups of proteins, which solely have the ability to regulate both mTORC activity and ROS levels in cells, tissues and organs. While Sestrins are originally reported as one of several p53 target genes, recent studies have further delineated the roles of this group of stress-sensing proteins in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, and redox-function in metabolic disease and aging. In this review, we discuss recent studies that investigated and manipulated Sestrins-mediated stress signaling pathways in metabolic and environmental health. Sestrins as an emerging dynamic group of stress-sensor proteins are drawing a spotlight as a preventive or therapeutic mechanism in both metabolic stress-associated pathologies and aging processes at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Julianne Fay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Cesar I Cyuzuzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Naeun Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Azar WS, Njeim R, Fares AH, Azar NS, Azar ST, El Sayed M, Eid AA. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:451-463. [PMID: 32743793 PMCID: PMC7395898 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In light of the most challenging public health crisis of modern history, COVID-19 mortality continues to rise at an alarming rate. Patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be more prone to severe symptoms and appear to have a higher mortality rate. In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The worsened prognosis of COVID-19 patients with DM can be attributed to a facilitated viral uptake assisted by the host's receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It can also be associated with a higher basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in patients with diabetes, which enables a hyperinflammatory "cytokine storm" in response to the virus. This review also suggests a link between elevated levels of IL-6 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and their role in exacerbating diabetes-induced complications and insulin resistance. If further studied, these findings could help identify novel therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with diabetes comorbid with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel Njeim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Angie H Fares
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami T Azar
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen El Sayed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Rai N, Dey S. Protective response of Sestrin under stressful conditions in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101186. [PMID: 32992045 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aging at cellular level manifests itself in the form of uncontrolled formation of ROS, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to cellular stress. Aging is often regarded as a risk factor for several diseases due to several age-associated pathological changes in cells. Sestrin (Sesn) is an important molecule for controlling normal cellular physiology and play a significant role in the progression of certain age-associated cellular pathologies. This review deals with the structure, function, regulation, signaling network, and the potential role of Sesn in age-associated cellular pathophysiology. The cellular response mediated by Sesn under stressful conditions and rescue mechanism is discussed. It would be interesting to find out the precise physiological role of Sesn in the regulation of cellular aging. The anti-aging activity of Sesn may benefit to prevent various age-associated diseases and have clinical utility in diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
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32
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Zhang DW, Wei YY, Ji S, Fei GH. Correlation between sestrin2 expression and airway remodeling in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:297. [PMID: 33198738 PMCID: PMC7667887 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is a major pathological characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress. Sestrin2 has recently drawn attention as an important antioxidant protein. However, the underlying correlation between sestrin2 and airway remodeling in COPD has yet to be clarified. METHODS A total of 124 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 62 control subjects and 62 COPD patients. The pathological changes in airway tissues were assessed by different staining methods. The expression of sestrin2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in airway tissues was monitored by immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect the serum concentrations of sestrin2 and MMP9. The airway parameters on computed tomography (CT) from all participants were measured for evaluating airway remodeling. The relationship between serum sestrin2 and MMP9 concentration and airway parameters in chest CT was also analyzed. RESULTS In patients with COPD, staining of airway structures showed distinct pathological changes of remodeling, including cilia cluttered, subepithelial fibrosis, and reticular basement membrane (Rbm) fragmentation. Compared with control subjects, the expression of sestrin2 and MMP9 was significantly increased in both human airway tissues and serum. Typical imaging characteristics of airway remodeling and increased airway parameters were also found by chest CT. Additionally, serum sestrin2 concentration was positively correlated with serum MMP9 concentration and airway parameters in chest CT. CONCLUSION Increased expression of sestrin2 is related to airway remodeling in COPD. We demonstrated for the first time that sestrin2 may be a novel biomarker for airway remodeling in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. Gasotransmitter synthesis and signalling in the renal glomerulus. Implications for glomerular diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109823. [PMID: 33152441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular injury is a hallmark of kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy or other forms of glomerulonephritis. Glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and, in an inflammatory context, infiltrating immune cells crosstalk to mediate signalling processes in the glomerulus. Under physiological conditions, mesangial cells act by the control of extracellular matrix production and degradation, by the synthesis of growth factors and by preserving a well-defined crosstalk with glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells to regulate glomerular structure and function. It is well known that mesangial cells are able to amplify an inflammatory process by the formation of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). This exaggerated reaction may result in a vicious cycle with subsequent damage of neighboured podocytes and endothelial cells, loss of the filtration barrier and, finally destruction of the whole glomerulus. Unfortunately, all efforts to develop new therapies for the treatment of glomerular diseases by controlling unbridled ROS or NO production directly had so far no success. However, on-going research on ROS and NO defined these autacoids more as important signalling molecules than as endogenously produced cytotoxic compounds. New findings on signalling activities of ROS, NO but also hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) supported this paradigm shift. Because of their similar chemical properties and their similar signal transduction capacities, NO, H2S and CO are meanwhile designated as the group of gasotransmitters. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the signalling properties of gasotransmitters with a focus on glomerular cells and their role in glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Friedrich Beck
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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Lee HY, Kim HK, Hoang TH, Yang S, Kim HR, Chae HJ. The correlation of IRE1α oxidation with Nox4 activation in aging-associated vascular dysfunction. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101727. [PMID: 33010578 PMCID: PMC7530295 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress attributable to the activation of a Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase is involved in aging-associated vascular dysfunction. However, the Nox4-induced signaling mechanism for the vascular alteration in aging remains unclear. In an aged aorta, the expression of Nox4 mRNA and protein by Nox family of genes was markedly increased compared with a young aorta. Nox4 localization mainly to ER was also established. In the aorta of Nox4 WT mice aged 23–24 months (aged), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/oxidative stress were markedly increased compared with the counter KO mice. Furthermore, endothelial functions including eNOS coupling process and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation were significantly disturbed in the aged WT, slightly affected in the counter KO aorta. Consistently, in d-galactose-induced in vitro aging condition, ER-ROS and its associated ER Nox4 expression and activity were highly increased. Also, in chronic d-galactose-treated condition, IRE1α phosphorylation and XBP-1 splicing and were transiently increased, but IRE1α sulfonation was robustly increased in the aging Nox4 WT condition when compared to the counter KO condition. In vitro D-gal-induced aging study, the phenomenon were abrogated with Nox4 knock-down condition and was significantly decreased in GKT, Nox4 inhibitor and 4-PBA, ER chemical chaperone-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The state of Nox4-based ER redox imbalance/ROS accumulation is suggested to determine the pathway “the UPR; IRE1α phosphorylation and XBP-1 splicing and the UPR failure; IRE1α cysteine-based oxidation, especially sulfonation, finally controlling aging-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea; Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea; Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 152, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, South Korea; School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Du X, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Quan N. Sestrin 2 controls the cardiovascular aging process via an integrated network of signaling pathways. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101096. [PMID: 32544433 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an inevitable biological process, cardiovascular aging is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Sestrin 2 (Sesn2), a stress-inducible and age-related protein associated with various stress conditions, plays a pivotal role in slowing this process. It acts as an anti-aging agent, mainly through its antioxidant enzymatic activity and regulation of antioxidant signaling pathways, as well as by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. In this review, we first introduce the biochemical functions of Sesn2 in the cardiovascular aging process, and describe how Sesn2 expression is regulated under various stress conditions. Next, we emphasize the role of Sesn2 signal transduction in a series of age-related CVDs, including hypertension, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, as well as provide potential mechanisms for the association of Sesn2 with CVDs. Finally, we present the potential therapeutic applications of Sesn2-directed therapy and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Du G, Xiang C, Sang X, Wang X, Shi Y, Wang N, Wang S, Li P, Wei X, Zhang M, Gao L, Zhan H, Wei L. Histone deacetylase 4 deletion results in abnormal chondrocyte hypertrophy and premature ossification from collagen type 2α1‑expressing cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4031-4040. [PMID: 33000215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) plays a vital role in chondrocyte hypertrophy and bone formation. To investigate the function of HDAC4 in postnatal skeletal development, the present study developed lineage‑specific HDAC4‑knockout mice [collagen type 2α1 (Col2α1)‑Cre, HDAC4d/d mice] by crossing transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase. Thus, a specific ablation of HDAC4 was performed in Col2α1‑expressing mice cells. The knee joints of HDAC4fl/fl and Col2α1‑Cre, HDAC4d/d mice were analyzed at postnatal day (P)2‑P21 using an in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, and Safranin O, Von Kossa and whole‑body staining were used to evaluate the developmental growth plate, hypertrophic differentiation, mineralization and skeletal mineralization patterns. The trabecular bone was analyzed using microcomputed tomography. The expressions of BrdU, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑13, runt‑related transcription factor (Runx)‑2, osteoprotegerin (OPG), CD34, type X collagen (ColX), osteocalcin and Wnt5a were determined using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR. The results demonstrated that HDAC4‑null mice (HDAC4d/d mice) were severely runted; these mice had a shortened hypertrophic zone (histopathological evaluation), accelerated vascular invasion and articular mineralization (Von Kossa staining), elevated expressions of MMP‑13, Runx2, OPG and CD34 (RT‑qPCR and immunohistochemistry), downregulated expression of the proliferative marker BrdU and PCNA (immunohistochemistry), increased expression of ColX and decreased expression of Wnt5a (ISH). In conclusion, chondrocyte‑derived HDAC4 was responsible for regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation as well as endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Du
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Sang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shi
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lilan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Industry Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Urner S, Ho F, Jha JC, Ziegler D, Jandeleit-Dahm K. NADPH Oxidase Inhibition: Preclinical and Clinical Studies in Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:415-434. [PMID: 32008354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of serious micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to oxidative stress-associated inflammatory pathways that lead to tissue damage of different organs, including the kidneys, retina, brain, nerves, and the cardiovascular system. Recent Advances: Preclinical studies, including genetic-modified mouse models or cell culture models, have revealed the role of specific NOX isoforms in different diabetic complications, and suggested them as a promising target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ROS and oxidative stress in macrovascular complications, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease that are all mainly driven by atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. We summarize conducted genetic deletion studies of different Nox isoforms as well as pharmacological intervention studies using NOX inhibitors in the context of preclinical as well as clinical research on diabetic complications. Future Directions: We outline the isoforms that are most promising for future clinical trials in the context of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florence Ho
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Shrikanth CB, Nandini CD. AMPK in microvascular complications of diabetes and the beneficial effects of AMPK activators from plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152808. [PMID: 30935723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder with the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. High glucose-induced derangements in metabolic pathways are primarily associated with the initiation and progression of secondary complications namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to treat various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. It is a master metabolic regulator that helps in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-generating catabolic pathways and inhibiting ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. Numerous pharmacological and plant-derived bioactive compounds that increase AMP-activated protein kinase activation has shown beneficial effects by mitigating secondary complications namely retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge on the role of AMPK and its activators from plant origin in diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science are used to extract papers using relevant key words. Papers mainly focusing on the role of AMPK and AMPK activators from plant origin in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy was chosen to be highlighted. RESULTS According to results, decrease in AMPK activation during diabetes play a causative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Some of the plant-derived bioactive compounds were beneficial in restoring AMPK activity and ameliorating diabetic microvascular complications. CONCLUSION AMPK activators from plant origin are beneficial in mitigating diabetic microvascular complications. These pieces of evidence will be helpful in the development of AMPK-centric therapies to mitigate diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Shrikanth
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India.
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Medicinal Plant Polyphenols Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Improve Inflammatory and Vasoactive Markers in Cerebral Endothelial Cells during Hyperglycemic Condition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070573. [PMID: 32630636 PMCID: PMC7402133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier endothelial cells are the main targets of diabetes-related hyperglycemia that alters endothelial functions and brain homeostasis. Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress may play a causal role. This study evaluated the protective effects of characterized polyphenol-rich medicinal plant extracts on redox, inflammatory and vasoactive markers on murine bEnd3 cerebral endothelial cells exposed to high glucose concentration. The results show that hyperglycemic condition promoted oxidative stress through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, deregulated antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and altered expression of genes encoding Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) redox factors. Cell preconditioning with inhibitors of signaling pathways highlights a causal role of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), while a protective action of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on redox changes. The hyperglycemic condition induced a pro-inflammatory response by elevating NFκB gene expression and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion, and deregulated the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) vasoactive markers. Importantly, polyphenolic extracts from Antirhea borbonica, Ayapana triplinervis, Dodonaea viscosa, and Terminalia bentzoe French medicinal plants, counteracted high glucose deleterious effects by exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In an innovative way, quercetin, caffeic, chlorogenic and gallic acids identified as predominant plant polyphenols, and six related circulating metabolites were found to exert similar benefits. Collectively, these findings demonstrate polyphenol protective action on cerebral endothelial cells during hyperglycemic condition.
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Gao A, Li F, Zhou Q, Chen L. Sestrin2 as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104990. [PMID: 32505836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a cysteine sulfinyl reductase that plays crucial roles in regulation of antioxidant actions. Sestrin2 provides cytoprotection against multiple stress conditions, including hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. Recent research reveals that upregulation of Sestrin2 is induced by various transcription factors such as p53 and activator protein 1 (AP-1), which further promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase (mTOR) signaling. Sestrin2 triggers autophagy activity to reduce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) degradation, which plays a pivotal role in homeostasis of metabolic regulation. Under hypoxia and ER stress conditions, elevated Sestrin2 expression maintains cellular homeostasis through regulation of antioxidant genes. Sestrin2 is responsible for diminishing cellular ROS accumulation through autophagy via AMPK activation, which displays cardioprotection effect in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent understanding of molecular structure, biological roles and biochemical functions of Sestrin2, and discuss the roles and mechanisms of Sestrin2 in autophagy, hypoxia and ER stress. Understanding the precise functions and exact mechanism of Sestrin2 in cellular homeostasis will provide the evidence for future experimental research and aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Medical Shcool, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Huang C, Fu W, Zhang H, Lao Y, Zhou H, Tan H, Xu H. Screening of the active fractions from the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Flower on diabetic endothelial protection and determination of the underlying mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112645. [PMID: 32045684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. flower (CTF) has been used traditionally in China for treating hypertension and diabetes as well as reducing body weight and blood fat. However, the vascular protection effect of the CTF has not been studied to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to screen and identify bioactive fractions from the CTF with a diabetic endothelial protection effect and to clarify the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vascular protection effect of Fraction A was studied in high-fat diet and streptozocin-induced diabetic models. The endothelial protection effect of Fraction A-2 was further studied in an in vitro vascular endothelial dysfunction model induced by high glucose. In a high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, Fractions A-2-2 and A-2-3 were screened, and their detailed mechanisms of endothelial protection were studied. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the main components in Fractions A-2-2 and A-2-3. RESULTS Fraction A treatment significantly improved the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the mesenteric artery induced by acetylcholine in diabetic rats. The maximum relaxation was 79.82 ± 2.45% in the control group, 64.36 ± 9.81% in the model group, and 91.87 ± 7.38% in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.01). Fraction A treatment also decreased rat tail pressure compared with the model group at the 12th week. The systolic blood pressure was 152.7 5 ± 16.99 mmHg in the control group, 188.50 ± 5.94 mmHg in the model group, and 172.60 ± 14.31 mmHg in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.05). The mean blood pressure was 128.50 ± 13.79 mmHg in the control group, 157.00 ± 6.06 mmHg in the model group, and 144.80 ± 11.97 mmHg in the Fraction A treatment group (P < 0.05). In an in vitro vascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction model induced by high glucose, Fraction A-2 improved the vasodilation of the mesenteric artery. The maximum relaxation was 82.15 ± 16.24% in the control group, 73.29 ± 14.25% in the model group, and 79.62 ± 13.89% in the Fraction A-2 treatment group (P < 0.05). In a high glucose-induced HUVEC model, Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 upregulated the expression of IRS-1, Akt, and eNOS and increased the levels of p-IRS-1Ser307, p-Akt Ser473, and p-eNOSSer1177 and also decreased the expression of NOX4, TNF-α, IL-6, sVCAM, sICAM, and NF-κB (P < 0.01). With the intervention of AG490 and LY294002, the above effects of Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 were inhibited (P < 0.01). LC-MS data showed that in Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3, there were 10 main components: flavanocorepsin; polyphenolic; flavanomarein; isochlorogenic acid A; dicaffeoylquinic acid; coreopsin; marein; coreopsin; luteolin-7-O-glucoside; and 3',5,5',7-tetrahydroxyflavanone-O-hexoside. CONCLUSION The protective effect of the CTF on diabetic endothelial dysfunction may be due to its effect on the JAK2/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and the related oxidative stress and inflammation. The results strongly suggested that Fraction A-2-2 and Fraction A-2-3 were the active fractions from the CTF, and the CTF might be a potential option for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Chaoran Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wenwei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Interplay between RNA-binding protein HuR and Nox4 as a novel therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100968. [PMID: 32240965 PMCID: PMC7115155 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glomerular injury is a prominent pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Constitutively active NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a major source of reactive oxygen species that mediates hyperglycemia-induced mesangial cell (MC) fibrotic injury. However, the mechanism that Nox4 utilizes to achieve its biological outcome remains elusive, and the signaling pathways that regulate this isoform oxidase are not well understood. Here, our goal is to study the detailed mechanism by which NAPDH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is post-transcriptionally regulated in MC during diabetic pathology. Methods We studied the protein expression of HuR, Nox4 and matrix proteins by western blotting, while we assessed the mRNA stability of Nox4 by RT-PCR and polysomal assay, examined in vitro cultured glomerular mesangial cells treated by high glucose (HG) and diabetic animal induced by STZ. The binding assay between HuR and the Nox4 promoter was done by immuno-precipiating with HuR antibody and detecting the presence of Nox4 mRNA, or by pull-down by using biotinlyated labeled Nox4 promoter RNA and detecting the presence of the HuR protein. The binding was also confirmed in MCs where Nox4 promoter-containing luciferage constructs were transfected. ROS levels were measured with DHE/DCF dyes in cells, or lucigenin chemiluminescence for Nox enzymatic levels, or HPLC assay for superoxide. HuR protein was inhibited by antisense oligo that utilized osmotic pumps for continuous delivery in animal models. The H1bAc1 ratio was measured by an ELISA kit for mice. Results We demonstrate that in MCs, high glucose (HG) elicits a rapid upregulation of Nox4 protein via translational mechanisms. Nox4 mRNA 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) contains numerous AU-rich elements (AREs) that are potential binding sites for the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR). We show that HG promotes HuR activation/expression and that HuR is required for HG-induced Nox4 protein expression/mRNA translation, ROS generation, and subsequent MC fibrotic injury. Through a series of invitro RNA-binding assays, we demonstrate that HuR acts via binding to AREs in Nox4 3′-UTR in response to HG. The invivo relevance of these observations is confirmed by the findings that increased Nox4 is accompanied by the binding of HuR to Nox4 mRNA in kidneys from type 1 diabetic animals, and further suppressing HuR expression showed a reno-protective role in a type 1 diabetic mouse model via reducing MC injury, along with the improvement of hyperglycemia and renal function. Conclusions We established for the first time that HuR-mediated translational regulation of Nox4 contributes to the pathogenesis of fibrosis of the glomerular microvascular bed. Thus therapeutic interventions affecting the interplay between Nox4 and HuR could be exploited as valuable tools in designing treatments for DKD. Increased HuR protein activation/expression responding to HG treatment and in diabetic animals. HuR binds to 3′UTR of Nox4 and promotes its translation during HG treatment. An inhibitor for HuR could be a potential treatment for diabetic kidney disease.
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Cordani M, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Masetto F, Mullappilly N, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53-Associated Molecular Mechanisms of ROS Regulation in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030361. [PMID: 32111081 PMCID: PMC7175157 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic properties, referred to as gain-of-function (GOF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles as intracellular messengers, regulating numerous signaling pathways linked to metabolism and cell growth. Tumor cells frequently display higher ROS levels compared to healthy cells as a result of their increased metabolism as well as serving as an oncogenic agent because of its damaging and mutational properties. Several studies reported that in contrast with the wild type protein, mutant p53 isoforms fail to exert antioxidant activities and rather increase intracellular ROS, driving a pro-tumorigenic survival. These pro-oxidant oncogenic abilities of GOF mutant p53 include signaling and metabolic rewiring, as well as the modulation of critical ROS-related transcription factors and antioxidant systems, which lead ROS unbalance linked to tumor progression. The studies summarized here highlight that GOF mutant p53 isoforms might constitute major targets for selective therapeutic intervention against several types of tumors and that ROS enhancement driven by mutant p53 might represent an “Achilles heel” of cancer cells, suggesting pro-oxidant drugs as a therapeutic approach for cancer patients bearing the mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027281; Fax: +39-045-8027170
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Association of serum sestrin 2 and betatrophin with serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:249-256. [PMID: 32548072 PMCID: PMC7270235 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Understanding the pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) helps its timely detection and prevention. The current work aims tomeasure serum sestrin 2 and betatrophin levels in healthy and type diabetic (T2DM)subjects with/or without diabetic nephropathy (DN) and also to test their correlation with serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (sNGAL); indicator of DN. Methods This study included 96 subjects; 20 healthy (G1) and 76 T2DM [22 normoalbuminuric (G2), 35 microalbuminuric (G3) and 19 macroalbuminuric (G4)]. Serum sestrin 2, betatrophin and NGAL were measured by their corresponding kits. Results Significant low levels of serum sestrin 2 andhigh levels of serum betatrophin were found in T2DM group when compared to G1 (p = 0.002,p > 0.001, respectively) and this difference is manifested in G4 followed, in order, by G3, G2 then G1 (p= > 0.001 for both). Also, serum sestrin2 levels showed significant negative correlations with sNGAL in G1 (r = -0.497, p = 0.026), G2 (r = -0.784, p > 0.001), G3 (r = -0.894, p > 0.001) and G4 (r = -0.896, pp. > 0.001) while serum betatrophin levels showed significant positive correlations with sNGAL in G2 (r = 0.681, p > 0.001), G3 (r = 0.518, p > 0.001) and G4 (r = 0.727, p > 0.001). Conclusion Serum sestrin 2 levels decrease significantly while betatrophin levels increase significantly in T2DM patients with DN especially those with macroalbuminuria. These levels have significant effect strengths on the indicator of diabetic nephropathy; sNGAL which might indicate theirvaluablerole in the timely detection and prevention of the development of DN.
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Gheibi S, Samsonov AP, Gheibi S, Vazquez AB, Kashfi K. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Implications in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113819. [PMID: 31972170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two gasotransmitters that are produced in the human body and have a key role in many of the physiological activities of the various organ systems. Decreased NO bioavailability and deficiency of H2S are involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Restoration of NO levels have favorable metabolic effects in diabetes. The role of H2S in pathophysiology of diabetes is however controversial; H2S production is decreased during development of obesity, diabetes, and its complications, suggesting the potential therapeutic effects of H2S. On the other hand, increased H2S levels disturb the pancreatic β-cell function and decrease insulin secretion. In addition, there appear to be important interactions between NO and H2S at the levels of both biosynthesis and signaling pathways, yet clear an insight into this relationship is lacking. H2S potentiates the effects of NO in the cardiovascular system as well as NO release from its storage pools. Likewise, NO increases the activity and the expression of H2S-generating enzymes. Inhibition of NO production leads to elimination/attenuation of the cardioprotective effects of H2S. Regarding the increasing interest in the therapeutic applications of NO or H2S-releasing molecules in a variety of diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular disorders, much is to be learned about their function in glucose/insulin metabolism, especially in diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the individual and the interactive roles of NO and H2S in carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Alan P Samsonov
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahsanam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alexandra B Vazquez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kowalsky AH, Namkoong S, Mettetal E, Park HW, Kazyken D, Fingar DC, Lee JH. The GATOR2-mTORC2 axis mediates Sestrin2-induced AKT Ser/Thr kinase activation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1769-1780. [PMID: 31915252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins represent a family of stress-inducible proteins that prevent the progression of many age- and obesity-associated disorders. Endogenous Sestrins maintain insulin-dependent AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) activation during high-fat diet-induced obesity, and overexpressed Sestrins activate AKT in various cell types, including liver and skeletal muscle cells. Although Sestrin-mediated AKT activation improves metabolic parameters, the mechanistic details underlying such improvement remain elusive. Here, we investigated how Sestrin2, the Sestrin homolog highly expressed in liver, induces strong AKT activation. We found that two known targets of Sestrin2, mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase, are not required for Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. Rather, phosphoinositol 3-kinase and mTORC2, kinases upstream of AKT, were essential for Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. Among these kinases, mTORC2 catalytic activity was strongly up-regulated upon Sestrin2 overexpression in an in vitro kinase assay, indicating that mTORC2 may represent the major link between Sestrin2 and AKT. As reported previously, Sestrin2 interacted with mTORC2; however, we found here that this interaction occurs indirectly through GATOR2, a pentameric protein complex that directly interacts with Sestrin2. Deleting or silencing WDR24 (WD repeat domain 24), the GATOR2 component essential for the Sestrin2-GATOR2 interaction, or WDR59, the GATOR2 component essential for the GATOR2-mTORC2 interaction, completely ablated Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. We also noted that Sestrin2 also directly binds to the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT and induces AKT translocation to the plasma membrane. These results uncover a signaling mechanism whereby Sestrin2 activates AKT through GATOR2 and mTORC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ho Kowalsky
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Mettetal
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Cell Biology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Diane C Fingar
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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Rodriguez R, Escobedo B, Lee AY, Thorwald M, Godoy-Lugo JA, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Parkes DG, Ortiz RM. Simultaneous angiotensin receptor blockade and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation ameliorate albuminuria in obese insulin-resistant rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:422-431. [PMID: 31675433 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance increases renal oxidant production by upregulating NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression contributing to oxidative damage and ultimately albuminuria. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signalling may reverse this effect. However, whether angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) blockade and GLP-1 receptor activation improve oxidative damage and albuminuria through different mechanisms is not known. Using insulin-resistant Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, we tested the hypothesis that simultaneous blockade of AT1 and activation of GLP-1r additively decrease oxidative damage and urinary albumin excretion (Ualb V) in the following groups: (a) untreated, lean LETO (n = 7), (b) untreated, obese OLETF (n = 9), (c) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d; n = 9), (d) OLETF + GLP-1 mimetic (EXE; 10 µg exenatide/kg/d; n = 7) and (e) OLETF + ARB +exenatide (Combo; n = 6). Mean kidney Nox4 protein expression and nitrotyrosine (NT) levels were 30% and 46% greater, respectively, in OLETF compared with LETO. Conversely, Nox4 protein expression and NT were reduced to LETO levels in ARB and EXE, and Combo reduced Nox4, NT and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal levels by 21%, 27% and 27%, respectively. At baseline, Ualb V was nearly double in OLETF compared with LETO and increased to nearly 10-fold greater levels by the end of the study. Whereas ARB (45%) and EXE (55%) individually reduced Ualb V, the combination completely ameliorated the albuminuria. Collectively, these data suggest that AT1 blockade and GLP-1 receptor activation reduce renal oxidative damage similarly during insulin resistance, whereas targeting both signalling pathways provides added benefit in restoring and/or further ameliorating albuminuria in a model of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Benny Escobedo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Y Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Max Thorwald
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Mroueh FM, Noureldein M, Zeidan YH, Boutary S, Irani SAM, Eid S, Haddad M, Barakat R, Harb F, Costantine J, Kanj R, Sauleau EA, Ouhtit A, Azar ST, Eid AH, Eid AA. Unmasking the interplay between mTOR and Nox4: novel insights into the mechanism connecting diabetes and cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:14051-14066. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsen Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Abou Merhi Irani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Costantine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouwaida Kanj
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yang N, Gonzalez-Vicente A, Garvin JL. Angiotensin II-induced superoxide and decreased glutathione in proximal tubules: effect of dietary fructose. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F183-F192. [PMID: 31760771 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00462.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II exacerbates oxidative stress in part by increasing superoxide (O2-) production by many renal tissues. However, whether it does so in proximal tubules and the source of O2- in this segment are unknown. Dietary fructose enhances the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption, but whether this is true for oxidative stress is unknown. We hypothesized that angiotensin II causes proximal nephron oxidative stress in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase (NOX)4-dependent O2- production and decreasing the amount of the antioxidant glutathione, and this is exacerbated by dietary fructose. We measured basal and angiotensin II-stimulated O2- production with and without inhibitors, NOX1 and NOX4 expression, and total and reduced glutathione (GSH) in proximal tubules from rats drinking either tap water (control) or 20% fructose. Angiotensin II (10 nM) increased O2- production by 113 ± 42 relative light units·mg protein-1·s-1 in controls and 401 ± 74 relative light units·mg protein-1·s-1 with 20% fructose (n = 11 for each group, P < 0.05 vs. control). Apocynin and the Nox1/4 inhibitor GKT136901 prevented angiotensin II-induced increases in both groups. NOX4 expression was not different between groups. NOX1 expression was undetectable. Angiotensin II decreased GSH by 1.8 ± 0.8 nmol/mg protein in controls and by 4.2 ± 0.9 nmol/mg protein with 20% fructose (n = 18 for each group, P < 0.047 vs. control). We conclude that 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH and 2) dietary fructose enhances the ability of angiotensin II to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress in this segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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