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Ning Y, Duo S, Lin X, Zhang H, Fei J, Zhang B, Zeng Y, Xie D, Chen J, Liu X, Han C. Transcription factor PBX4 regulates limb development and haematopoiesis in mice. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13580. [PMID: 38230761 PMCID: PMC11056705 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Pre-B cell leukaemia transcription factors 1-4 (PBX1-4) constitutes the PBC class of the homeodomain (HD)-containing proteins, which play important roles in diverse developmental processes. The functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PBX1-3 but not PBX4 have been extensively studied, and they have been reported to direct essential morphogenetic processes and organogenesis. In the present study, we generated knockin mice of FLAG-tagged PBX4 and the Pbx4 knockout (KO) mice and carried out in-depth characterisation of PBX4 expression and function. PBX4 was initially detected only in the testis among several organs of the adult mice and was expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids. However, no abnormality in spermatogenesis, but growth retardation and premature death after birth were observed in most adult Pbx4 KO mice. These animals were inactive and had shorter hindlimbs and lower numbers of reticulocytes and lymphocytes, probably caused by abnormalities at earlier developmental stages. Pbx4 mRNAs were indeed detected in several embryonic cell types related to limb development by in situ hybridisation and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Pbx4 protein was also detected in the bone marrow of adult mice with a lower level compared with that in the testis. PBX4 preferentially binds to the promoters of a large number of genes including those for other HD-containing proteins and ribosomal proteins whose mutations are related to anaemia. PBX4-binding sites are enriched in motifs similar to those of other HD-containing proteins such as PKNOX1 indicating that PBX4 may also act as a co-transcription factor like other PBC proteins. Together, these results show that PBX4 participates in limb development and haematopoiesis while its function in spermatogenesis has not been revealed by gene KO probably due to the complementary effects of other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuguang Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jifeng Fei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Bao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Medical College of Jiaying UniversityMeizhouChina
| | - Yanyun Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Hasina Z, Wang N, Wang CC. Developmental Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration of Down Syndrome: Current Knowledge in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877711. [PMID: 35676933 PMCID: PMC9168127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from developmental delay, intellectual disability, and an early-onset of neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s-like disease, or precocious dementia due to an extra chromosome 21. Studying the changes in anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels involved may help to understand the pathogenesis and develop target treatments, not just medical, but also surgical, cell and gene therapy, etc., for individuals with DS. Here we aim to identify key neurodevelopmental manifestations, locate knowledge gaps, and try to build molecular networks to better understand the mechanisms and clinical importance. We summarize current information about the neuropathology and neurodegeneration of the brain from conception to adulthood of foetuses and individuals with DS at anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels in humans. Understanding the alterations and characteristics of developing Down syndrome will help target treatment to improve the clinical outcomes. Early targeted intervention/therapy for the manifestations associated with DS in either the prenatal or postnatal period may be useful to rescue the neuropathology and neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnat Hasina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicole Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Chiu Wang,
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Powell G, Pavlovic Djuranovic S, Djuranovic S. Gene dosage effects of poly(A) track-engineered hypomorphs. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:865-878. [PMID: 34729253 PMCID: PMC8536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of gene activity through creation of hypomorphic mutants has been a long-standing tool in examining gene function. Our previous studies have indicated that hypomorphic mutants could be created by inserting cis-regulatory sequences composed of consecutive adenosine nucleotides called poly(A) tracks. Here we use poly(A) tracks to create hypomorphic mutants and functional characterization of membrane, secretory, and endogenous proteins. Insertion of poly(A) tracks into the sequences of interleukin-2 and membrane protein CD20 results in a programmable reduction of mRNA stability and attenuation of protein expression regardless of the presence of a signaling sequence. Likewise, CRISPR-Cas9 targeted insertion of poly(A) tracks into the coding sequence of the endogenous human genes AUF1 and TP53 results in a programmable reduction of targeted protein and mRNA levels. Functional analyses of AUF1-engineered hypomorphs indicate a direct correlation between AUF1 gene levels and the stability of AUF1-regulated mRNAs. Hypomorphs of TP53 affect expression of the target genes differentially depending on the severity of the hypomorphic mutation. Finally, decreases in TP53 protein affect the same cellular pathways in poly(A) track-engineered cells as in cancer cells, indicating these variants’ biological relevance. These results highlight this technology’s power to create predictable, stable hypomorphs in recombinant or endogenous genes in combination with CRISPR-Cas9 engineering tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralle Powell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Slavica Pavlovic Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sergej Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: Sergej Djuranovic, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Cimmino I, Prisco F, Orso S, Agognon AL, Liguoro P, De Biase D, Doti N, Ruvo M, Paciello O, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Oriente F. Interleukin 6 reduces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via Prep1 and is associated with aging. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21989. [PMID: 34679197 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100943r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging exacerbates neointimal formation by reducing apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and induces inflammation within vascular wall. Prep1 is a homeodomain transcription factor which stimulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in aortic endothelial cell models and plays a primary role in the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Prep1 in aorta of Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous mice (Prep1i/+ ) and in VSMCs, and its correlation with aging. Histological analysis from Prep1i/+ aortas revealed a 25% reduction in medial smooth muscle cell density compared to WT animals. This result paralleled higher apoptosis, caspase 3, caspase 9 and p53 levels in Prep1i/+ mice and lower Bcl-xL. Prep1 overexpression in VSMCs decreased apoptosis by 25% and caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression by 40% and 37%. In parallel, Bcl-xL inhibition by BH3I-1 and p53 induction by etoposide reverted the antiapoptotic effect of Prep1. Experiments performed in aorta from 18 months old WT mice showed a significant increase in Prep1, p16INK4 , p21Waf1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) compared to youngest animals. Similar results have been observed in H2 O2 -induced senescent VSMCs. Interestingly, the synthetic Prep1 inhibitory peptide Prep1 (54-72) reduced the antiapoptotic effects mediated by IL-6, particularly in senescent VSMCs. These results indicate that IL-6-Prep1 signaling reduces apoptosis, by modulating Bcl-xL and p53 both in murine aorta and in VSMCs. In addition, age-dependent increase in IL-6 and Prep1 in senescent VSMCs and in old mice may be involved in the aging-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Orso
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ayewa L Agognon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Blasi F, Bruckmann C. MEIS1 in Hematopoiesis and Cancer. How MEIS1-PBX Interaction Can Be Used in Therapy. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040044. [PMID: 34698191 PMCID: PMC8544432 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently MEIS1 emerged as a major determinant of the MLL-r leukemic phenotype. The latest and most efficient drugs effectively decrease the levels of MEIS1 in cancer cells. Together with an overview of the latest drugs developed to target MEIS1 in MLL-r leukemia, we review, in detail, the role of MEIS1 in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis and suggest how a more profound knowledge of MEIS1 biochemistry can be used to design potent and effective drugs against MLL-r leukemia. In addition, we present data showing that the interaction between MEIS1 and PBX1 can be blocked efficiently and might represent a new avenue in anti-MLL-r and anti-leukemic therapy.
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Choi WY, Hwang JH, Cho AN, Lee AJ, Jung I, Cho SW, Kim LK, Kim YJ. NEUROD1 Intrinsically Initiates Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Neural Progenitor Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:1011-1022. [PMID: 33293480 PMCID: PMC7772509 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell type specification is a delicate biological event in which every step is under tight regulation. From a molecular point of view, cell fate commitment begins with chromatin alteration, which kickstarts lineage-determining factors to initiate a series of genes required for cell specification. Several important neuronal differentiation factors have been identified from ectopic over-expression studies. However, there is scarce information on which DNA regions are modified during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) to neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation, the cis regulatory factors that attach to these accessible regions, or the genes that are initially expressed. In this study, we identified the DNA accessible regions of iPSCs and NPCs via the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATACseq). We identified which chromatin regions were modified after neuronal differentiation and found that the enhancer regions had more active histone modification changes than the promoters. Through motif enrichment analysis, we found that NEUROD1 controls iPSC differentiation to NPC by binding to the accessible regions of enhancers in cooperation with other factors such as the Hox proteins. Finally, by using Hi-C data, we categorized the genes that directly interacted with the enhancers under the control of NEUROD1 during iPSC to NPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Andrew J. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Bruckmann C, Tamburri S, De Lorenzi V, Doti N, Monti A, Mathiasen L, Cattaneo A, Ruvo M, Bachi A, Blasi F. Mapping the native interaction surfaces of PREP1 with PBX1 by cross-linking mass-spectrometry and mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16809. [PMID: 33033354 PMCID: PMC7545097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both onco-suppressor PREP1 and the oncogene MEIS1 bind to PBX1. This interaction stabilizes the two proteins and allows their translocation into the nucleus and thus their transcriptional activity. Here, we have combined cross-linking mass-spectrometry and systematic mutagenesis to detail the binding geometry of the PBX1-PREP1 (and PBX1-MEIS1) complexes, under native in vivo conditions. The data confirm the existence of two distinct interaction sites within the PBC domain of PBX1 and unravel differences among the highly similar binding sites of MEIS1 and PREP1. The HR2 domain has a fundamental role in binding the PBC-B domain of PBX1 in both PREP1 and MEIS1. The HR1 domain of MEIS1, however, seem to play a less stringent role in PBX1 interaction with respect to that of PREP1. This difference is also reflected by the different binding affinity of the two proteins to PBX1. Although partial, this analysis provides for the first time some ideas on the tertiary structure of the complexes not available before. Moreover, the extensive mutagenic analysis of PREP1 identifies the role of individual hydrophobic HR1 and HR2 residues, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bruckmann
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Lisa Mathiasen
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cattaneo
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech S.R.L. Benefit Corporation IT, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Doti N, Monti A, Bruckmann C, Calvanese L, Smaldone G, Caporale A, Falcigno L, D'Auria G, Blasi F, Ruvo M, Vitagliano L. Identification and characterization of cytotoxic amyloid-like regions in human Pbx-regulating protein-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:618-629. [PMID: 32634512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of many proteins to fold into well-defined structures has been traditionally considered a prerequisite for fulfilling their functions. Protein folding is also regarded as a valuable loophole to escape uncontrolled and harmful aggregations. Here we show that the PBX-regulating protein-1 (PREP1), an important homeodomain transcription factor involved in cell growth and differentiation during embryogenesis, is endowed with an uncommon thermostability. Indeed, circular dichroism analyses indicate that it retains most of its secondary structure at very high temperatures. These findings have important implications for PREP1 functions since it is a stabilizing factor of its partner PBX1. Predictive analyses suggest that the observed PREP1 thermostability could be related to the presence of aggregation-prone regions. Interestingly, synthetic peptides corresponding to these regions exhibit a remarkable propensity to form toxic β-rich amyloid-like aggregates in physiological conditions. On this basis, we suggest that PREP1 stability is an effective way to prevent or limit the formation of harmful aggregates. Notably, one of these PREP1 fragments (residues 117-132) is able to reversibly switch from α-helical to β-rich states depending on the environmental conditions. The chameleon conformational behavior of this peptide makes it an ideal system to study this intriguing and widespread structural transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Bruckmann
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research), Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Calvanese
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Caporale
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Falcigno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Auria
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research), Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Cimmino I, Margheri F, Prisco F, Perruolo G, D'Esposito V, Laurenzana A, Fibbi G, Paciello O, Doti N, Ruvo M, Miele C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Oriente F. Prep1 regulates angiogenesis through a PGC-1α-mediated mechanism. FASEB J 2019; 33:13893-13904. [PMID: 31618597 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901230rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on a delicate balance between the different transcription factors, and their control should be considered necessary for preventing or treating diseases. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor regulating protein 1 (Prep1) is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a primary role in organogenesis and metabolism. Observations performed in a Prep1 hypomorphic mouse model, expressing 3-5% of the protein, show an increase of embryonic lethality due, in part, to defects in angiogenesis. In this study, we provide evidence that overexpression of Prep1 in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) stimulates migration, proliferation, and tube formation. These effects are paralleled by an increase of several proangiogenic factors and by a decrease of the antiangiogenic gene neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1). Prep1-mediated angiogenesis involves the activation of the p160 Myb-binding protein (p160)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway. Indeed, Prep1 overexpression increases its binding with p160 and induces a 4-fold increase of p160 and 70% reduction of PGC-1α compared with control cells. Incubation of MAECs with a synthetic Prep1(54-72) peptide, mimicking the Prep1 region involved in the interaction with p160, reverts the proangiogenic effects mediated by Prep1. In addition, Prep1 levels increase by 3.2-fold during the fibroblast growth factor β (bFGF)-mediated endothelial colony-forming cells' activation, whereas Prep1(54-72) peptide reduces the capability of these cells to generate tubular-like structures in response to bFGF, suggesting a possible role of Prep1 both in angiogenesis from preexisting vessels and in postnatal vasculogenesis. Finally, Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous mice, expressing low levels of Prep1, show attenuated placental angiogenesis and vessel formation within Matrigel plugs. All of these observations indicate that Prep1, complexing with p160, decreases PGC-1α and stimulates angiogenesis.-Cimmino, I., Margheri, F., Prisco, F., Perruolo, G., D'Esposito, V., Laurenzana, A., Fibbi, G., Paciello, O., Doti, N., Ruvo, M., Miele, C., Beguinot, F., Formisano, P., Oriente, F. Prep1 regulates angiogenesis through a PGC-1α-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council-Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council-Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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The Role of Prep1 in the Regulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153639. [PMID: 31349607 PMCID: PMC6696203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms governing cell fate decision events in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are still poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the homeobox gene Prep1 as a candidate regulatory molecule, by adopting Prep1 hypomorphic mice as a model to investigate the effects of Prep1 downregulation, using in vitro and in vivo assays, including the innovative single cell RNA sequencing technology. Taken together, our findings indicate that low levels of Prep1 are associated to enhanced adipogenesis and a concomitant reduced osteogenesis in the bone marrow, suggesting Prep1 as a potential regulator of the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Furthermore, our data suggest that in vivo decreased Prep1 gene dosage favors a pro-adipogenic phenotype and induces a "browning" effect in all fat tissues.
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11
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Selleri L, Zappavigna V, Ferretti E. 'Building a perfect body': control of vertebrate organogenesis by PBX-dependent regulatory networks. Genes Dev 2019; 33:258-275. [PMID: 30824532 PMCID: PMC6411007 DOI: 10.1101/gad.318774.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pbx genes encode transcription factors that belong to the TALE (three-amino-acid loop extension) superclass of homeodomain proteins. We have witnessed a surge in information about the roles of this gene family as leading actors in the transcriptional control of development. PBX proteins represent a clear example of how transcription factors can regulate developmental processes by combinatorial properties, acting within multimeric complexes to implement activation or repression of transcription depending on their interaction partners. Here, we revisit long-emphasized functions of PBX transcription factors as cofactors for HOX proteins, major architects of the body plan. We further discuss new knowledge on roles of PBX proteins in different developmental contexts as upstream regulators of Hox genes-as factors that interact with non-HOX proteins and can work independently of HOX-as well as potential pioneer factors. Committed to building a perfect body, PBX proteins govern regulatory networks that direct essential morphogenetic processes and organogenesis in vertebrate development. Perturbations of PBX-dependent networks can cause human congenital disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Vincenzo Zappavigna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Lin CH, Wang Z, Duque-Afonso J, Wong SHK, Demeter J, Loktev AV, Somervaille TCP, Jackson PK, Cleary ML. Oligomeric self-association contributes to E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4915. [PMID: 30894657 PMCID: PMC6426973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PBX1 homeodomain transcription factor is converted by t(1;19) chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia into the chimeric E2A-PBX1 oncoprotein. Fusion with E2A confers potent transcriptional activation and constitutive nuclear localization, bypassing the need for dimerization with protein partners that normally stabilize and regulate import of PBX1 into the nucleus, but the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic activation are incompletely defined. We demonstrate here that E2A-PBX1 self-associates through the PBX1 PBC-B domain of the chimeric protein to form higher-order oligomers in t(1;19) human leukemia cells, and that this property is required for oncogenic activity. Structural and functional studies indicate that self-association facilitates the binding of E2A-PBX1 to DNA. Mutants unable to self-associate are transformation defective, however their oncogenic activity is rescued by the synthetic oligomerization domain of FKBP, which confers conditional transformation properties on E2A-PBX1. In contrast to self-association, PBX1 protein domains that mediate interactions with HOX DNA-binding partners are dispensable. These studies suggest that oligomeric self-association may compensate for the inability of monomeric E2A-PBX1 to stably bind DNA and circumvents protein interactions that otherwise modulate PBX1 stability, nuclear localization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity. The unique dependence on self-association for E2A-PBX1 oncogenic activity suggests potential approaches for mechanism-based targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1/genetics
- Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Stability
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/genetics
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Hong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Hon-Kit Wong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Janos Demeter
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander V Loktev
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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13
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Ye D, Lou G, Zhang T, Dong F, Liu Y. MiR-17 family-mediated regulation of Pknox1 influences hepatic steatosis and insulin signaling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6167-6175. [PMID: 30338914 PMCID: PMC6237553 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of Pknox1 is associated with hepatic glucose and lipid dysmetabolism status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanism causing Pknox1 overexpression in this pathological status remains unclear. By using miRNA target prediction programs, we found that the 3′‐UTR of the Pknox1 mRNA sequence contains highly conserved target sites of miR‐17 family. In a rat model of streptozotocin and high‐fat diet‐induced T2DM and NAFLD complication, the increased hepatic expression of Pknox1 was consistent with decreased expressions of miR‐17 family, especially miR‐17 and miR‐20a. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between Pknox1 and miR‐17 and miR‐20a in free fatty acids‐induced hepatocyte steatosis. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay further showed that Pknox1 was a valid target gene of miR‐17 family. The ectopic expression of miR‐17 or miR‐20a could markedly suppress Pknox1 expression in hepatocytes. MiR‐17 or miR‐20a overexpression also resulted in significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 and L02 cells, which were determined by altered phosphorylation on insulin receptor signaling pathway proteins and decreased intracellular triglyceride and lipid accumulation, respectively. These data implicate the upregulated hepatic expression of Pknox1 in T2DM complicated with NAFLD may be caused by the reduced expression of miR‐17 family, indicating that developing miRNA‐mediated regulation strategies on Pknox1 may provide new therapeutic options for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatament of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Izzo A, Mollo N, Nitti M, Paladino S, Calì G, Genesio R, Bonfiglio F, Cicatiello R, Barbato M, Sarnataro V, Conti A, Nitsch L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in down syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Mol Med 2018; 24:2. [PMID: 30134785 PMCID: PMC6016872 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of chromosome 21 (TS21) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy compatible with postnatal survival with a prevalence of 1 in 700 newborns. Its phenotype is highly complex with constant features, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic traits and hypotonia, and variable features including heart defects, susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type 2 diabetes, obesity and immune disorders. Overexpression of genes on chromosome-21 (Hsa21) is responsible for the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) phenotypic features either in a direct or in an indirect manner since many Hsa21 genes can affect the expression of other genes mapping to different chromosomes. Many of these genes are involved in mitochondrial function and energy conversion, and play a central role in the mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic oxidative stress, consistently observed in DS subjects. Recent studies highlight the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and DS phenotype. In this short review we first provide a basic overview of mitochondrial phenotype in DS cells and tissues. We then discuss how specific Hsa21 genes may be involved in determining the disruption of mitochondrial DS phenotype and biogenesis. Finally we briefly focus on drugs that affect mitochondrial function and mitochondrial network suggesting possible therapeutic approaches to improve and/or prevent some aspects of the DS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Barbato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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15
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Liotti A, Cabaro S, Cimmino I, Ricci S, Procaccini C, Paciello O, Raciti GA, Spinelli R, Iossa S, Matarese G, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Oriente F. Prep1 deficiency improves metabolic response in white adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:515-525. [PMID: 29474930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prep1 is a gene encoding for a homeodomain transcription factor which induces hepatic and muscular insulin resistance. In this study, we show that Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous (Prep1i/+) mice, expressing low levels of protein, featured a 23% and a 25% reduction of total body lipid content and epididymal fat, respectively. The percentage of the small adipocytes (25-75 μm) was 30% higher in Prep1i/+ animals than in the WT, with a reciprocal difference in the large adipose cells (100-150 and >150 μm). Insulin-stimulated insulin receptor tyrosine and Akt serine phosphorylation markedly increased in Prep1i/+ mice, paralleled by 3-fold higher glucose uptake and a significant increase of proadipogenic genes such as C/EBPα, GLUT4, and FABP4. Moreover, T cells infiltration and TNF-α, IFNγ and leptin expression were reduced in adipose tissue from Prep1i/+ mice, while adiponectin levels were 2-fold higher. Furthermore, Prep1i/+ mature adipocytes released lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher amount of adiponectin compared to WT cells. Incubation of murine liver cell line (NMuLi) with conditioned media (CM) from mature adipocytes of Prep1i/+ mice improved glucose metabolism, while those from WT mice had no effect. Consistent with these data, Prep1 overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes impaired adipogenesis and insulin signaling, and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. All these findings suggest that Prep1 silencing reduces inflammatory response and increases insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. In addition, CM from mature adipocytes of Prep1i/+ mice improve metabolism in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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16
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Palmigiano A, Santaniello F, Cerutti A, Penkov D, Purushothaman D, Makhija E, Luzi L, di Fagagna FD, Pelicci PG, Shivashankar V, Dellino GI, Blasi F. PREP1 tumor suppressor protects the late-replicating DNA by controlling its replication timing and symmetry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3198. [PMID: 29453404 PMCID: PMC5816642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of middle-to-late-replicating DNA can be affected independently of the rest of the genome by down-regulating the tumor suppressor PREP1 (PKNOX1). Indeed, DNA combing shows that PREP1 down-regulation affects DNA replication rate, increases the number of simultaneously firing origins and the asymmetry of DNA replication, leading to DNA damage. Genome-wide analysis of replication timing by Repli-seq shows that, upon PREP1 down-regulation, 25% of the genome is replicated earlier in the S-phase. The targeted DNA sequences correspond to Lamin-Associated Domains (LADs), and include late-replicating (LRRs) and temporal transition regions (TTRs). Notably, the distribution of PREP1 DNA binding sites and of its target genes indicates that DNA replication defects are independent of the overall PREP1 transcriptional activity. Finally, PREP1 down-regulation causes a substantial decrease in Lamin B1 levels. This suggests that DNA is released from the nuclear lamina earlier than in the control cells and is available for replication, thus explaining timing defects and DNA damage.This is the first evidence that the replication timing of a specific fraction of the human genome is affected by PREP1 tumor suppressor. This previously unknown function might significantly contribute to the genomic instability observed in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Palmigiano
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Francesco Santaniello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Cerutti
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Oncogenomics Department, Netherland Cancer Institute (NKI), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gori 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Divya Purushothaman
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ekta Makhija
- Mechano-Biology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Viveswara Shivashankar
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Mechano-Biology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Oriente F, Perruolo G, Cimmino I, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Longo M, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F. Prep1, A Homeodomain Transcription Factor Involved in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:346. [PMID: 30002646 PMCID: PMC6032887 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins are a family of transcription factor including the mammalian Pbx, MEIS and Prep proteins. TALE proteins can bind other transcription factors such as Pdx-1 and play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Experiments performed in mutant mice have shown that while the single Pbx1 or Pdx-1 knockout mice feature pancreatic islet malformations, impaired glucose tolerance and hypoinsulinemia, the trans-heterozygous Pbx1+/-Pdx1+/- mice develop age-dependent overt diabetes mellitus. In contrast, Prep1 plays a different role with respect to these proteins. Indeed, Prep1 hypomorphic mice, expressing low levels of protein, feature pancreatic islet hypoplasia accompanied by hypoinsulinemia similar to Pbx1 or Pdx1. Nevertheless, these animals show increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue accompanied by protection from streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, Prep1 hypomorphic mice feature reduced triglyceride synthesis and do not develop steatohepatitis after a methionine and coline deficient diet. In this review we have underlined how important metabolic functions are controlled by TALE proteins, in particular by Prep1, leading to hypothesis that its suppression might represent beneficial effect in the care of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Formisano
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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18
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Prep1 prevents premature adipogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15573. [PMID: 29138456 PMCID: PMC5686065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators are crucial in adipocyte differentiation. We now show that the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Prep1 is a repressor of adipogenic differentiation since its down-regulation (DR) in both ex vivo bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly increases their adipogenic differentiation ability. Prep1 acts at a stage preceding the activation of the differentiation machinery because its DR makes cells more prone to adipogenic differentiation even in the absence of the adipogenic inducers. Prep1 DR expands the DNA binding landscape of C/EBPβ (CCAAT enhancer binding protein β) without affecting its expression or activation. The data indicate that Prep1 normally acts by restricting DNA binding of transcription factors to adipogenic enhancers, in particular C/EBPβ.
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19
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Cimmino I, Lorenzo V, Fiory F, Doti N, Ricci S, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Vitagliano L, Longo M, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Ruvo M, Oriente F. A peptide antagonist of Prep1-p160 interaction improves ceramide-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71845-71858. [PMID: 29069751 PMCID: PMC5641094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1 is a homeodomain transcription factor belonging to the TALE protein family. Its overexpression affects glucose metabolism in several tissues. In particular, in skeletal muscle tissue the interaction of Prep1 with its cofactor p160 impairs GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake. In this study, we show that ceramides (C2cer), a class of lipids antagonizing insulin signalling, increase the levels of Prep1 and p160 in a dose and time-dependent fashion in L6 cells and induce their association by 80%. We find that C2cer exposure inhibits insulin receptor, IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation and reduces insulin-stimulated glycogen content and glucose uptake by 1.3- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The synthetic Prep1(54-72) peptide, mimicking the Prep1 region involved in the interaction with p160, reduces in vitro Prep1-p160 binding in a dose-dependent way (IC50 = 0.20μM). In C2cer-treated L6 cells, 10μM Prep1(54-72) restores insulin signalling impaired by ceramide treatment. Prep1 overexpressing L6 cells display similar metabolic alterations observed in ceramide-treated L6 cells and the presence of Prep1(54-72) mitigates these events. All these findings suggest that disruption of the Prep1/p160 molecular interaction enhances insulin sensitivity impaired by ceramides in skeletal muscle cells and indicate this complex as an important target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Lorenzo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Role of MAML1 and MEIS1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Depth of Invasion. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:245-250. [PMID: 28462489 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors and NOTCH signaling pathway are critical regulators of stem cell functions, cell fate in development and homeostasis of gastrointestinal tissues. In the present study, we analyzed cross talk between NOTCH pathway and HOX genes through assessment of probable correlation betweenMAML1 and MEIS1 as the main transcription factor of NOTCH pathway and enhancer of HOX transcriptional machinery, respectively in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Fifty one ESCC cases were enrolled to assess the levels of Meis1 and Maml1 mRNA expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only 3 out of 51 (5.9%) cases had MEIS1/MAML1 under expression and 2/51 (3.9%) cases had MEIS1/MAML1over expression. Nine out of 51 samples (17.6%) have shown MEIS1 under expression and MAML1 over expression. There was a significant correlation between MAML1and MEIS1mRNA expressions (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant correlations between MEIS1 under/MAML1 over expressed cases and tumor location (p = 0.05), tumor depth of invasion (p = 0.011), and sex (p = 0.04). Our results showed that MEIS1 may have a negative role in regulation of MAML1expression during the ESCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Moghbeli M, Rad A, Farshchian M, Taghehchian N, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Correlation Between Meis1 and Msi1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 47:273-7. [PMID: 27142513 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors are critical regulators of cell fate, stem cell functions, and gastrointestinal development. They require three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins such as Meis1 to enhance their transcriptional efficiencies. There are complicated associations between different signaling pathways such as the Wnt and NOTCH and tumor progression. It has been investigated that GSK-3 as an important component of the Wnt pathway facilitates the expression of HOX target genes. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the probable correlation between Wnt, NOTCH, and HOX genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and metastasis through the correlational study between the Msi1 as an important activator for both of the NOTCH and Wnt pathways and Meis1. METHODS Levels of Meis1 and Msi1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 51 ESCC patients were compared to the normal tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Only 3 out of 51 (5.9 %) cases had Meis1/Msi1 overexpression and also 3/51 (5.9 %) cases had Meis1/Msi1 underexpression. There was a significant correlation between the Msi1 and Mesi1 mRNA expression (p = 0.037). All of the Msi1/Meis1 underexpressed tumors were poorly differentiated (p = 0.003). Meis1 under/Msi1 overexpressed cases also were in T3 tumor depth of invasion (p = 0.019). And there was a significant correlation between the Msi1/Meis1 underexpression and gender (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Meis1 may have a positive feedback with Msi1 during the ESCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Molecular Medicine Research Department, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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22
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Blasi F, Bruckmann C, Penkov D, Dardaei L. A tale of TALE, PREP1, PBX1, and MEIS1: Interconnections and competition in cancer. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Blasi
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Chiara Bruckmann
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM, Foundation FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Charlestown MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Dardaei L, Penkov D, Mathiasen L, Bora P, Morelli MJ, Blasi F. Tumorigenesis by Meis1 overexpression is accompanied by a change of DNA target-sequence specificity which allows binding to the AP-1 element. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25175-87. [PMID: 26259236 PMCID: PMC4694823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meis1 overexpression induces tumorigenicity but its activity is inhibited by Prep1 tumor suppressor. Why does overexpression of Meis1 cause cancer and how does Prep1 inhibit? Tumor profiling and ChIP-sequencing data in a genetically-defined set of cell lines show that: 1) The number of Meis1 and Prep1 DNA binding sites increases linearly with their concentration resulting in a strong increase of “extra” target genes. 2) At high concentration, Meis1 DNA target specificity changes such that the most enriched consensus becomes that of the AP-1 regulatory element, whereas the specific OCTA consensus is not enriched because diluted within the many extra binding sites. 3) Prep1 inhibits Meis1 tumorigenesis preventing the binding to many of the “extra” genes containing AP-1 sites. 4) The overexpression of Prep1, but not of Meis1, changes the functional genomic distribution of the binding sites, increasing seven fold the number of its “enhancer” and decreasing its “promoter” targets. 5) A specific Meis1 “oncogenic” and Prep1 “tumor suppressing” signature has been identified selecting from the pool of genes bound by each protein those whose expression was modified uniquely by the “tumor-inducing” Meis1 or tumor-inhibiting Prep1 overexpression. In both signatures, the enriched gene categories are the same and are involved in signal transduction. However, Meis1 targets stimulatory genes while Prep1 targets genes that inhibit the tumorigenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dardaei
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy.,Present Address: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lisa Mathiasen
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milano, Italy
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Mian YA, Zeleznik-Le NJ. The miR-17∼92 cluster contributes to MLL leukemia through the repression of MEIS1 competitor PKNOX1. Leuk Res 2016; 46:51-60. [PMID: 27123834 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemias have a relatively poor prognosis and arise as a result of translocations between the MLL(KMT2A) gene and one of multiple partner genes. Downstream targets of MLL are aberrantly upregulated and include the developmentally important HOX genes and MEIS1, as well as multiple microRNAs (miRNAs), including the miR-17∼92 cluster. Here we examined the contribution of specific miRNAs to MLL leukemias through knockdown studies utilizing custom anti-microRNA oligonucleotides. Combinatorial treatment against miR-17-5p and miR-19a-3p of the miR-17∼92 cluster dramatically reduces colony forming ability of MLL-fusion containing cell lines relative to non-MLL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) controls. To determine the mechanism by which these miRNAs contribute to leukemia, we validated PKNOX1 as a target of both miR-17-5p and miR-19a-3p. MEIS1 and PKNOX1 are TALE domain proteins that participate in ternary complexes with HOX and PBX partners. Here we establish the competitive relationship between PKNOX1 and MEIS1 in PBX-containing complex formation and determine the antagonistic role of PKNOX1 to leukemia in a murine MLL-AF9 model. These data implicate the miR-17∼92 cluster as part of a regulatory mechanism necessary to maintain MEIS1/HOXA9 -mediated transformation in MLL leukemia, indicating that targeting multiple non-homologous miRNAs may be utilized as a novel therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf A Mian
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Nancy J Zeleznik-Le
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States.
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Lorenzo V, Mascanzoni F, Vitagliano L, Ruvo M, Doti N. The Interacting Domains of PREP1 and p160 are Endowed with a Remarkable Structural Stability. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:328-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ciccarelli M, Vastolo V, Albano L, Lecce M, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Longo M, Oriente F, Russo GL, Macchia PE, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Ungaro P. Glucose-induced expression of the homeotic transcription factor Prep1 is associated with histone post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 2016; 59:176-186. [PMID: 26453063 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic hyperglycaemia worsens insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Whether this effect is contributed by epigenetic dysregulation and which genes are involved remain unclear. Prep1 (also known as Pknox1) is a gene exerting major effects on the sensitivity of the glucose transport machinery to insulin. Here, we show that dysregulation of Prep1 expression by high glucose levels is associated with histone modifications at its 5' regulatory region. METHODS We used mouse and cell models to investigate Prep1 transcriptional regulation by glucose. RESULTS Differentiated L6 skeletal muscle cells were grown in the presence of either 5.5 or 25 mmol/l glucose (normal [NG] and high glucose [HG], respectively). The HG exposure increased nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 binding and recruitment of the su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax domain-containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SET7) histone methyltransferase and p300 acetyltransferase to the 5' region of Prep1, leading to enhanced transcription. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed concomitantly increased histone H3 mono- and dimethylation and acetylation at Lys4 and Lys9/14, respectively. Skeletal muscle tissue from streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice also showed Prep1 overexpression accompanied by similarly increased recruitment of NF-κB p65 and histone modifications at the 5' region of Prep1. In these same mice, as well as in Prep1-overexpressing L6 cells, Prep1-induced recruitment of the repressor complex myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)/histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) at the Glut4 promoter was also increased, leading to reduced Glut4 expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These studies indicate that HG exposure induces NF-κB recruitment and histone modification at the Prep1 5' region, thereby enhancing the transcription of Prep1 and repressing that of Glut4. Histone changes at the Prep1 gene may contribute to insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciccarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Vastolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Lecce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
- URT 'Genomica Funzionale' Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, 'G. Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Beccari L, Marco-Ferreres R, Tabanera N, Manfredi A, Souren M, Wittbrodt B, Conte I, Wittbrodt J, Bovolenta P. A trans-Regulatory Code for the Forebrain Expression of Six3.2 in the Medaka Fish. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26927-26942. [PMID: 26378230 PMCID: PMC4646366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A well integrated and hierarchically organized gene regulatory network is responsible for the progressive specification of the forebrain. The transcription factor Six3 is one of the central components of this network. As such, Six3 regulates several components of the network, but its upstream regulators are still poorly characterized. Here we have systematically identified such regulators, taking advantage of the detailed functional characterization of the regulatory region of the medaka fish Six3.2 ortholog and of a time/cost-effective trans-regulatory screening, which complemented and overcame the limitations of in silico prediction approaches. The candidates resulting from this search were validated with dose-response luciferase assays and expression pattern criteria. Reconfirmed candidates with a matching expression pattern were also tested with chromatin immunoprecipitation and functional studies. Our results confirm the previously proposed direct regulation of Pax6 and further demonstrate that Msx2 and Pbx1 are bona fide direct regulators of early Six3.2 distribution in distinct domains of the medaka fish forebrain. They also point to other transcription factors, including Tcf3, as additional regulators of different spatial-temporal domains of Six3.2 expression. The activity of these regulators is discussed in the context of the gene regulatory network proposed for the specification of the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Beccari
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain,; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain,.
| | - Raquel Marco-Ferreres
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain,; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Noemi Tabanera
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain,; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Anna Manfredi
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Marcel Souren
- the Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Wittbrodt
- the Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Conte
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain,; the Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, 80078, Italy
| | - Jochen Wittbrodt
- the Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain,; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain,.
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Cabochette P, Vega-Lopez G, Bitard J, Parain K, Chemouny R, Masson C, Borday C, Hedderich M, Henningfeld KA, Locker M, Bronchain O, Perron M. YAP controls retinal stem cell DNA replication timing and genomic stability. eLife 2015; 4:e08488. [PMID: 26393999 PMCID: PMC4578106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult frog retina retains a reservoir of active neural stem cells that contribute to continuous eye growth throughout life. We found that Yap, a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, is specifically expressed in these stem cells. Yap knock-down leads to an accelerated S-phase and an abnormal progression of DNA replication, a phenotype likely mediated by upregulation of c-Myc. This is associated with an increased occurrence of DNA damage and eventually p53-p21 pathway-mediated cell death. Finally, we identified PKNOX1, a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, as a functional and physical interactant of YAP. Altogether, we propose that YAP is required in adult retinal stem cells to regulate the temporal firing of replication origins and quality control of replicated DNA. Our data reinforce the view that specific mechanisms dedicated to S-phase control are at work in stem cells to protect them from genomic instability. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08488.001 In animals, stem cells divide to produce the new cells needed to grow and renew tissues and organs. Understanding the biology of these cells is of the utmost importance for developing new treatments for a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Before a stem cell divides, it copies its DNA and the two sets of genetic instructions are then separated so that the two daughter cells both have a complete set. This process needs to be as accurate as possible because any errors would result in incorrect genetic information being passed on to the daughter cells. Stem cells in the light-sensitive part of the eye—called the retina—divide to produce the cells that detect light and relay visual information to the brain. In many animals, these stem cells stop dividing soon after birth and the retina stops growing. However, the stem cells in frogs and fish continue to divide throughout the life of the animal, which enables the eye to keep on growing. A protein called YAP regulates the growth of organs in animal embryos, but it is not clear what role this protein plays in stem cells, particularly after birth. To address this question, Cabochette et al. studied YAP in the retina of frog tadpoles. The experiments show that YAP is produced in the stem cells of the retina after birth and is required for the retina to continue to grow. Cabochette et al. used tools called ‘photo-cleavable Morpholinos’ to alter the production of YAP in adult stem cells. The cells that produced less YAP copied their DNA more quickly and more of their DNA became damaged, which eventually led to the death of these cells. Further experiments revealed that YAP interacts with a protein called PKNOX1, which is involved in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Cabochette et al.'s findings provide the first insights into how YAP works in the stem cells of the retina and demonstrate that it plays a crucial role in regulating when DNA is copied. A future challenge is to find out whether YAP plays a similar role in the stem cells of other organs in adult animals. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08488.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cabochette
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Guillermo Vega-Lopez
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romain Chemouny
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Hedderich
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristine A Henningfeld
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Morgane Locker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Yoshioka K, Oda A, Notsu C, Ohtsuka T, Kawai Y, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Goitsuka R. Loss of the Homeodomain Transcription Factor Prep1 Perturbs Adult Hematopoiesis in the Bone Marrow. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136107. [PMID: 26285139 PMCID: PMC4540428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1, a TALE-family homeodomain transcription factor, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in embryonic hematopoiesis, as its insufficiency caused late embryonic lethality associated with defective hematopoiesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we generated hematopoietic- and endothelial cell-specific Prep1-deficient mice and demonstrated that expression of Prep1 in the hematopoietic cell compartment is not essential for either embryonic or adult hematopoiesis, although its absence causes significant hematopoietic abnormalities in the adult bone marrow. Loss of Prep1 promotes cell cycling of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), leading to the expansion of the HSPC pool. Prep1 deficiency also results in the accumulation of lineage-committed progenitors, increased monocyte/macrophage differentiation and arrested erythroid maturation. Maturation of T cells and B cells is also perturbed in Prep-deficient mice. These findings provide novel insight into the pleiotropic roles of Prep1 in adult hematopoiesis that were unrecognized in previous studies using germline Prep1 hypomorphic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihisa Oda
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Notsu
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawai
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Locke MEO, Milojevic M, Eitutis ST, Patel N, Wishart AE, Daley M, Hill KA. Genomic copy number variation in Mus musculus. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:497. [PMID: 26141061 PMCID: PMC4490682 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variation is an important dimension of genetic diversity and has implications in development and disease. As an important model organism, the mouse is a prime candidate for copy number variant (CNV) characterization, but this has yet to be completed for a large sample size. Here we report CNV analysis of publicly available, high-density microarray data files for 351 mouse tail samples, including 290 mice that had not been characterized for CNVs previously. RESULTS We found 9634 putative autosomal CNVs across the samples affecting 6.87% of the mouse reference genome. We find significant differences in the degree of CNV uniqueness (single sample occurrence) and the nature of CNV-gene overlap between wild-caught mice and classical laboratory strains. CNV-gene overlap was associated with lipid metabolism, pheromone response and olfaction compared to immunity, carbohydrate metabolism and amino-acid metabolism for wild-caught mice and classical laboratory strains, respectively. Using two subspecies of wild-caught Mus musculus, we identified putative CNVs unique to those subspecies and show this diversity is better captured by wild-derived laboratory strains than by the classical laboratory strains. A total of 9 genic copy number variable regions (CNVRs) were selected for experimental confirmation by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). CONCLUSION The analysis we present is a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of CNVs in Mus musculus, which increases the number of known variants in the species and will accelerate the identification of novel variants in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth O Locke
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Susan T Eitutis
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Andrea E Wishart
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Mark Daley
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Kathleen A Hill
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Biological and Geological Sciences Building 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Laurent A, Calabrese M, Warnatz HJ, Yaspo ML, Tkachuk V, Torres M, Blasi F, Penkov D. ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses identify components of the Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways as Prep1 target genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122518. [PMID: 25875616 PMCID: PMC4395233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Prep1 (Pknox1) homeodomain transcription factor is essential at multiple stages of embryo development. In the E11.5 embryo trunk, we previously estimated that Prep1 binds about 3,300 genomic sites at a highly specific decameric consensus sequence, mainly governing basal cellular functions. We now show that in embryonic stem (ES) cells Prep1 binding pattern only partly overlaps that of the embryo trunk, with about 2,000 novel sites. Moreover, in ES cells Prep1 still binds mostly to promoters, as in total embryo trunk but, among the peaks bound exclusively in ES cells, the percentage of enhancers was three-fold higher. RNA-seq identifies about 1800 genes down-regulated in Prep1-/- ES cells which belong to gene ontology categories not enriched in the E11.5 Prep1i/i differentiated embryo, including in particular essential components of the Wnt and Fgf pathways. These data agree with aberrant Wnt and Fgf expression levels in the Prep1-/- ES cells with a deficient embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and differentiation. Re-establishment of the Prep1 level rescues the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Laurent
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Calabrese
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Hans-Jörg Warnatz
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- IFOM (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), IFOM-IEO-Campus, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
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Modica L, Iotti G, D’Avola A, Blasi F. Prep1 (pKnox1) regulates mouse embryonic HSC cycling and self-renewal affecting the Stat1-Sca1 IFN-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107916. [PMID: 25233378 PMCID: PMC4169458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypomorphic Prep1 mutation results in embryonic lethality at late gestation with a pleiotropic embryonic phenotype that includes defects in all hematopoietic lineages. Reduced functionality of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compartment might be responsible for the hematopoietic phenotype observed at mid-gestation. In this paper we demonstrate that Prep1 regulates the number of HSCs in fetal livers (FLs), their clonogenic potential and their ability to de novo generate the hematopoietic system in ablated hosts. Furthermore, we show that Prep1 controls the self-renewal ability of the FL HSC compartment as demonstrated by serial transplantation experiments. The premature exhaustion of Prep1 mutant HSCs correlates with the reduced quiescent stem cell pool thus suggesting that Prep1 regulates the self-renewal ability by controlling the quiescence/proliferation balance. Finally, we show that in FL HSCs Prep1 absence induces the interferon signaling pathway leading to premature cycling and exhaustion of fetal HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Modica
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iotti
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Blasi
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Risolino M, Mandia N, Iavarone F, Dardaei L, Longobardi E, Fernandez S, Talotta F, Bianchi F, Pisati F, Spaggiari L, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Schulte D, Incoronato M, Di Fiore PP, Blasi F, Verde P. Transcription factor PREP1 induces EMT and metastasis by controlling the TGF-β-SMAD3 pathway in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3775-84. [PMID: 25157139 PMCID: PMC4246949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407074111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a ubiquitous homeoprotein involved in early development, genomic stability, insulin sensitivity, and hematopoiesis. Previously we have shown that Prep1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that inhibits neoplastic transformation by competing with myeloid ecotropic integration site 1 for binding to the common heterodimeric partner Pbx1. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is controlled by complex networks of proinvasive transcription factors responsive to paracrine factors such as TGF-β. Here we show that, in addition to inhibiting primary tumor growth, PREP1 is a novel EMT inducer and prometastatic transcription factor. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, PREP1 overexpression is sufficient to trigger EMT, whereas PREP1 down-regulation inhibits the induction of EMT in response to TGF-β. PREP1 modulates the cellular sensitivity to TGF-β by inducing the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear translocation through mechanisms dependent, at least in part, on PREP1-mediated transactivation of a regulatory element in the SMAD3 first intron. Along with the stabilization and accumulation of PBX1, PREP1 induces the expression of multiple activator protein 1 components including the proinvasive Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) oncoprotein. Both FRA-1 and PBX1 are required for the mesenchymal changes triggered by PREP1 in lung tumor cells. Finally, we show that the PREP1-induced mesenchymal transformation correlates with significantly increased lung colonization by cells overexpressing PREP1. Accordingly, we have detected PREP1 accumulation in a large number of human brain metastases of various solid tumors, including NSCLC. These findings point to a novel role of the PREP1 homeoprotein in the control of the TGF-β pathway, EMT, and metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Risolino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Mandia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Iavarone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leila Dardaei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Longobardi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Fernandez
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Talotta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pisati
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Neuroscience Center, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institut), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | | | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Verde
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN (IRCCS SDN), 80142 Naples, Italy
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The deficiency of tumor suppressor prep1 accelerates the onset of meis1- hoxa9 leukemogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96711. [PMID: 24809472 PMCID: PMC4014505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1 and Meis1 ortholog TALE transcription factors have opposing roles in tumorigenesis: Meis1 serves as an oncogene, Prep1 as a tumor suppressor. We now report that, Meis1 overexpression in primary Prep1-deficient (Prep1i/i) embryonic hematopoietic cells increases self-renewal potential of cells in vitro but not in vivo, whereas leukemia is instead obtained when Meis1 is combined with another oncogene, HoxA9. Prep1i/i Meis1-HoxA9-generated leukemic cells are less differentiated and grow more aggressively after the second passage in the mouse. These data indicate that Prep1 represents a barrier to the transforming activity of Meis1 in vitro, but its absence is not sufficient to induce early leukemogenesis. On the other hand, the Prep1i/i background appears to favor the insurgence of mutations that cause a more aggressive Meis1-HoxA9-generated leukemia. Indeed, the Prep1i/i leukemic cells upregulate the Polycomb protein Bmi-1 and expectedly down-regulate the Ink4a/Arf locus products. Finally, an important feature contributed by the Prep1i/i background is the post-transcriptional increase in Meis1 protein level.
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Abstract
The functional redundancy of the three mammalian Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) was addressed in a previous study. Using insertional mutagenesis, we found that Gga1 or Gga3 homozygous knockout mice were for the most part normal, whereas mice homozygous for two different Gga2 gene-trap alleles exhibited either embryonic or neonatal lethality in the C57BL/6 background, depending on the source of the vector utilized (Byg vs. Tigm, respectively). We now show that the Byg strain harbors a disrupted Gga2 allele that is hypomorphic, indicating that the Byg lethality is attributable to a mechanism independent of GGA2. This is in contrast to the Tigm Gga2 allele, which is a true knockout and establishes a role for GGA2 during the neonatal period. Placement of the Tigm Gga2 allele into the C57BL6/Ola129Sv mixed background results in a lower incidence of neonatal lethality, showing the importance of genetic background in determining the requirement for GGA2 during this period. The Gga2(-/-) mice that survive have reduced body weight at birth and this runted phenotype is maintained through adulthood.
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Prep1 and Meis1 competition for Pbx1 binding regulates protein stability and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E896-905. [PMID: 24578510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pbx-regulating protein-1 (Prep1) is a tumor suppressor, whereas myeloid ecotropic viral integration site-1 (Meis1) is an oncogene. We show that, to perform these activities in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, both proteins competitively heterodimerize with pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox-1 (Pbx1). Meis1 alone transforms Prep1-deficient fibroblasts, whereas Prep1 overexpression inhibits Meis1 tumorigenicity. Pbx1 can, therefore, alternatively act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. Prep1 posttranslationally controls the level of Meis1, decreasing its stability by sequestering Pbx1. The different levels of Meis1 and the presence of Prep1 are followed at the transcriptional level by the induction of specific transcriptional signatures. The decrease of Meis1 prevents Meis1 interaction with Ddx3x and Ddx5, which are essential for Meis1 tumorigenesis, and modifies the growth-promoting DNA binding landscape of Meis1 to the growth-controlling landscape of Prep1. Hence, the key feature of Prep1 tumor-inhibiting activity is the control of Meis1 stability.
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Longobardi E, Penkov D, Mateos D, De Florian G, Torres M, Blasi F. Biochemistry of the tale transcription factors PREP, MEIS, and PBX in vertebrates. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:59-75. [PMID: 23873833 PMCID: PMC4232920 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TALE (three amino acids loop extension) homeodomain transcription factors are required in various steps of embryo development, in many adult physiological functions, and are involved in important pathologies. This review focuses on the PREP, MEIS, and PBX sub-families of TALE factors and aims at giving information on their biochemical properties, i.e., structure, interactors, and interaction surfaces. Members of the three sets of protein form dimers in which the common partner is PBX but they can also directly interact with other proteins forming higher-order complexes, in particular HOX. Finally, recent advances in determining the genome-wide DNA-binding sites of PREP1, MEIS1, and PBX1, and their partial correspondence with the binding sites of some HOX proteins, are reviewed. These studies have generated a few general rules that can be applied to all members of the three gene families. PREP and MEIS recognize slightly different consensus sequences: PREP prefers to bind to promoters and to have PBX as a DNA-binding partner; MEIS prefers HOX as partner, and both PREP and MEIS drive PBX to their own binding sites. This outlines the clear individuality of the PREP and MEIS proteins, the former mostly devoted to basic cellular functions, the latter more to developmental functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Longobardi
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milano, Italy
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Oriente F, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Longo M, Parrillo L, Pagano TB, Raciti GA, Penkov D, Paciello O, Miele C, Formisano P, Blasi F, Beguinot F. PREP1 deficiency downregulates hepatic lipogenesis and attenuates steatohepatitis in mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2713-22. [PMID: 24052111 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to investigate the function of Prep1 (also known as Pknox1) in hepatic lipogenesis. METHODS The hepatic lipogenesis pathway was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Biochemical variables were assessed using a clinical chemistry analyser. RESULTS Serum triacylglycerols and liver expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly decreased in Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous (Prep1 (i/+) ) mice compared with their non-hypomorphic littermates. Upstream FAS expression, phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC)ζ, liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) increased in Prep1 (i/+) mice, while protein and mRNA levels of the lipid phosphatase inhibitor of PKCζ, SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), was more than 60% reduced. Consistent with these findings, HepG2 cells transfected with Prep1 cDNA exhibited increased triacylglycerol accumulation and FAS expression, with strongly reduced PKCζ, LKB1, AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. Further experiments revealed the presence of both Prep1 and its major partner Pbx1 at the Ship2 (also known as Inppl1) promoter. PBX-regulating protein 1 (PREP1) and pre-B cell leukaemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) enhanced Ship2 transcription. The PREP1HR mutant, which is unable to bind PBX1, exhibited no effect on Ship2 function, indicating transcriptional activation of Ship2 by the PREP1/PBX1 complex. Treatment with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) induced steatosis in both Prep1 (i/+) and non-hypomorphic control mice. However, alanine aminotransferase increase, intracellular triacylglycerol content and histological evidence of liver steatosis, inflammation and necrosis were significantly less evident in Prep1 (i/+) mice, indicating that Prep1 silencing protects mice from MCDD-induced steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that Prep1 silencing reduces lipotoxicity by increasing PKCζ/LKB1/AMPK/ACC signalling, while levels of PREP1 expression may determine the risk of steatohepatitis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Cerdá-Esteban N, Spagnoli FM. Glimpse into Hox and tale regulation of cell differentiation and reprogramming. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:76-87. [PMID: 24123411 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells become gradually restricted in their developmental potential and start elaborating lineage-specific transcriptional networks to ultimately acquire a unique differentiated state. Hox genes play a central role in specifying regional identities, thereby providing the cell with critical information on positional value along its differentiation path. The exquisite DNA-binding specificity of the Hox proteins is frequently dependent upon their interaction with members of the TALE family of homeodomain proteins. In addition to their function as Hox-cofactors, TALE homeoproteins control multiple crucial developmental processes through Hox-independent mechanisms. Here, we will review recent findings on the function of both Hox and TALE proteins in cell differentiation, referring mostly to vertebrate species. In addition, we will discuss the direct implications of this knowledge on cell plasticity and cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cerdá-Esteban
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Pknox1/Prep1 regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation components in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:290-8. [PMID: 24216763 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01232-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Prep1 was previously shown to regulate insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study the specific role of Prep1 for the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Muscle-specific ablation of Prep1 resulted in increased expression of respiratory chain subunits. This finding was consistent with an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity without affecting mitochondrial volume fraction as assessed by electron microscopy. Metabolic phenotyping revealed no differences in daily energy expenditure or body composition. However, during treadmill exercise challenge, Prep1 ablation resulted in a higher maximal oxidative capacity and better endurance. Elevated PGC-1α expression was identified as a cause for increased mitochondrial capacity in Prep1 ablated mice. Prep1 stabilizes p160 Mybbp1a, a known inhibitor of PGC-1α activity. Thereby, p160 protein levels were significantly lower in the muscle of Prep1 ablated mice. By a chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) approach, PREP1 binding sites in genes encoding mitochondrial components (e.g., Ndufs2) were identified that might be responsible for elevated proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the muscle of Prep1 null mutants. These results suggest that Prep1 exhibits additional direct effects on regulation of mitochondrial proteins. We therefore conclude that Prep1 is a regulator of oxidative phosphorylation components via direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Schulte D, Frank D. TALE transcription factors during early development of the vertebrate brain and eye. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:99-116. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); University Hospital Frankfurt, J.W. Goethe University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Dale Frank
- Department of Biochemistry; The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
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Islam MM, Li Y, Luo H, Xiang M, Cai L. Meis1 regulates Foxn4 expression during retinal progenitor cell differentiation. Biol Open 2013; 2:1125-36. [PMID: 24244849 PMCID: PMC3828759 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20132279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box N4 (Foxn4) is a key regulator in a variety of biological processes during development. In particular, Foxn4 plays an essential role in the genesis of horizontal and amacrine neurons from neural progenitors in the vertebrate retina. Although the functions of Foxn4 have been well established, the transcriptional regulation of Foxn4 expression during progenitor cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved 129 bp noncoding DNA fragment (Foxn4CR4.2 or CR4.2), located ∼26 kb upstream of Foxn4 transcription start site, functions as a cis-element for Foxn4 regulation. CR4.2 directs gene expression in Foxn4-positive cells, primarily in progenitors, differentiating horizontal and amacrine cells. We further determined that the gene regulatory activity of CR4.2 is modulated by Meis1 binding motif, which is bound and activated by Meis1 transcription factor. Deletion of the Meis1 binding motif or knockdown of Meis1 expression abolishes the gene regulatory activity of CR4.2. In addition, knockdown of Meis1 expression diminishes the endogenous Foxn4 expression and affects cell lineage development. Together, we demonstrate that CR4.2 and its interacting Meis1 transcription factor play important roles in regulating Foxn4 expression during early retinogenesis. These findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms that govern gene regulation in retinal progenitors and specific cell lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Islam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University , 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 , USA ; Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Casaca A, Santos AC, Mallo M. Controlling Hox gene expression and activity to build the vertebrate axial skeleton. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:24-36. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Casaca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras Portugal
| | | | - Moisés Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras Portugal
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Misexpression of Pknox2 in mouse limb bud mesenchyme perturbs zeugopod development and deltoid crest formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64237. [PMID: 23717575 PMCID: PMC3661445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The TALE (Three Amino acid Loop Extension) family consisting of Meis, Pbx and Pknox proteins is a group of transcriptional co-factors with atypical homeodomains that play pivotal roles in limb development. Compared to the in-depth investigations of Meis and Pbx protein functions, the role of Pknox2 in limb development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Pknox2 was mainly expressed in the zeugopod domain of the murine limb at E10.5 and E11.5. Misexpression of Pknox2 in the limb bud mesenchyme of transgenic mice led to deformities in the zeugopod and forelimb stylopod deltoid crest, but left the autopod and other stylopod skeletons largely intact. These malformations in zeugopod skeletons were recapitulated in mice overexpressing Pknox2 in osteochondroprogenitor cells. Molecular and cellular analyses indicated that the misexpression of Pknox2 in limb bud mesenchyme perturbed the Hox10-11 gene expression profiles, decreased Col2 expression and Bmp/Smad signaling activity in the limb. These results indicated that Pknox2 misexpression affected mesenchymal condensation and early chondrogenic differentiation in the zeugopod skeletons of transgenic embryos, suggesting Pknox2 as a potential regulator of zeugopod and deltoid crest formation.
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Penkov D, Mateos San Martín D, Fernandez-Díaz LC, Rosselló CA, Torroja C, Sánchez-Cabo F, Warnatz HJ, Sultan M, Yaspo ML, Gabrieli A, Tkachuk V, Brendolan A, Blasi F, Torres M. Analysis of the DNA-binding profile and function of TALE homeoproteins reveals their specialization and specific interactions with Hox genes/proteins. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1321-33. [PMID: 23602564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of Meis, Prep, and Pbx1 TALE homeoproteins with Hox proteins are essential for development and disease. Although Meis and Prep behave similarly in vitro, their in vivo activities remain largely unexplored. We show that Prep and Meis interact with largely independent sets of genomic sites and select different DNA-binding sequences, Prep associating mostly with promoters and housekeeping genes and Meis with promoter-remote regions and developmental genes. Hox target sequences associate strongly with Meis but not with Prep binding sites, while Pbx1 cooperates with both Prep and Meis. Accordingly, Meis1 shows strong genetic interaction with Pbx1 but not with Prep1. Meis1 and Prep1 nonetheless coregulate a subset of genes, predominantly through opposing effects. Notably, the TALE homeoprotein binding profile subdivides Hox clusters into two domains differentially regulated by Meis1 and Prep1. During evolution, Meis and Prep thus specialized their interactions but maintained significant regulatory coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Penkov
- Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology at the IFOM-IEO Campus, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Penkov DN, Egorov AD, Mozgovaya MN, Tkachuk VA. Insulin resistance and adipogenesis: Role of transcription and secreted factors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:8-18. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Iotti G, Mejetta S, Modica L, Penkov D, Ponzoni M, Blasi F. Reduction of Prep1 levels affects differentiation of normal and malignant B cells and accelerates Myc driven lymphomagenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48353. [PMID: 23133585 PMCID: PMC3485025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prep1 homeodomain transcription factor has recently been recognized as a tumor suppressor. Among other features, haploinsufficiency of Prep1 is able to strongly accelerate the B-lymphomagenesis in EμMyc mice. Now we report that this occurs concomitantly with a change in the type of B-cell lymphomas generated by the Myc oncogene. Indeed, the tumors generated in the EμMyc-Prep1+/− mice are much more immature, being mostly made up of Pro-B or Pre-B cells, while those in the EμMyc-Prep1+/+ mice are more differentiated being invariably IgM+. Moreover, we show that Prep1 is in fact required for the differentiation of Pro-B and Pre-B cells into IgM+ lymphocytes and/or their proliferation, thus showing also how a normal function of Prep1 affects EμMyc lymphomagenesis. Finally, we show that the haploinsufficiency of Prep1 is accompanied with a major decrease of Myc-induced apoptosis and that the haploinsufficieny is sufficient for all these effects because the second allele of Prep1 is not lost even at late stages. Therefore, the tumor-suppressive activity of Prep1 is intertwined with both the interference with Myc-induced apoptosis as well as with natural developmental functions of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Iotti
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Development and Cancer, IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Mejetta
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Development and Cancer, IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milano, Italy
| | - Livia Modica
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Development and Cancer, IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- Department of Basic Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Development and Cancer, IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Rosales-Aviña JA, Torres-Flores J, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Gurrola-Díaz C, Hernández-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Lerma-Díaz JM, de Celis R, González-Ramella Ó, Barrera-Chaires E, Bravo-Cuellar A, Jave-Suárez LF. MEIS1, PREP1, and PBX4 are differentially expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association of MEIS1 expression with higher proliferation and chemotherapy resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:112. [PMID: 22185299 PMCID: PMC3259065 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The Three-amino acid-loop-extension (TALE) superfamily of homeodomain-containing transcription factors have been implicated in normal hematopoiesis and in leukemogenesis and are important survival, differentiation, and apoptosis pathway modulators. In this work, we determined the expression levels of TALE genes in leukemic-derived cell lines, in blood samples of patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in the blood samples of healthy donors. Results Here we show increased expression of MEIS1, MEIS2, and PREP1 genes in leukemia-derived cell lines compared with blood normal cells. High levels of MEIS1 and PREP1, and low levels of PBX4 expression were also founded in samples of patients with ALL. Importantly, silencing of MEIS1 decreases the proliferation of leukemia-derived cells but increases their survival after etoposide treatment. Etoposide-induced apoptosis induces down-regulation of MEIS1 expression or PREP1 up-regulation in chemotherapy-resistant cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that up-regulation of MEIS1 is important for sustaining proliferation of leukemic cells and that down-regulation of MEIS1 or up-regulation of PREP1 and PBX genes could be implicated in the modulation of the cellular response to chemotherapeutic-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Rosales-Aviña
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente - IMSS, Sierra Mojada No. 800, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Abstract
The three-amino-acid loop extension (TALE) class homeodomain proteins MEIS1 and PKNOX1 (PREP1) share the ability to interact with PBX and HOX family members and bind similar DNA sequences but appear to play opposing roles in tumor development. Elevated levels of MEIS1 accelerate development of HOX- and MLL-induced leukemias, and this pro-tumorigenic property has been associated with transcriptional activity of MEIS1. In contrast, reduction of PKNOX1 levels has been linked with cancer development despite the absence of an identifiable transactivating domain. In this report, we show that a chimeric protein generated by fusion of the MEIS1 C-terminal region encompassing the transactivating domain with the full-length PKNOX1 (PKNOX1-MC) acquired the ability to accelerate the onset of Hoxa9-induced leukemia in the mouse bone marrow transduction/transplantation model. Gene expression profiling of primary bone marrow cells transduced with Hoxa9 plus Meis1, or Hoxa9 plus Pknox1-MC revealed perturbations in overlapping functional gene subsets implicated in DNA packaging, chromosome organization, and in cell cycle regulation. Together, results presented in this report suggest that the C-terminal domain of MEIS1 confers to PKNOX1 an ectopic transactivating function that promotes leukemogenesis by regulating expression of genes involved in chromatin accessibility and cell cycle progression.
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