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Jeon YG, Kim SW, Kim JB. Decoding temporal thermogenesis: coregulator selectivity and transcriptional control in brown and beige adipocytes. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2391511. [PMID: 39155481 PMCID: PMC11340756 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2391511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) play pivotal roles in maintaining body temperature and energy metabolism. In mice, BAT quickly stimulates thermogenesis by activating brown adipocytes upon cold exposure. In the presence of chronic cold stimuli, beige adipocytes are recruited in inguinal WAT to support heat generation. Accumulated evidence has shown that thermogenic execution of brown and beige adipocytes is regulated in a fat depot-specific manner. Recently, we have demonstrated that ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) regulates brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis through fat-depot-specific modulation. In BAT, RNF20 regulates transcription factor GA-binding protein alpha (GABPα), whereas in inguinal WAT, RNF20 potentiates transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) through the degradation of nuclear corepressor 1 (NCoR1). This study proposes the molecular mechanisms by which co-regulator(s) selectively and temporally control transcription factors to coordinate adipose thermogenesis in a fat-depot-specific manner. In this Commentary, we provide molecular features of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis and discuss the underlying mechanisms of distinct thermogenic processes in two fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Won Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee J, Ustione A, Wilkerson EM, Balakrishnan R, Thurmond DC, Goldfarb D, Piston DW. Insulin-Independent Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes via Brown Adipocyte-Secreted Proteins and the Novel Glucagon Regulator Nidogen-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.30.610490. [PMID: 39257771 PMCID: PMC11383990 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.610490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for type 1 diabetes (T1D) focus on insulin replacement. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of a secreted protein fraction from embryonic brown adipose tissue (BAT), independent of insulin. The large molecular weight secreted fraction mediates insulin receptor-dependent recovery of euglycemia in a T1D animal model, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, by suppressing glucagon secretion. This fraction also promotes white adipocyte differentiation and browning, maintains healthy BAT, and enhances glucose uptake in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. From this fraction, we identify nidogen-2 as a critical BAT-secreted protein that reverses hyperglycemia in NOD mice, inhibits glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells, and mimics other actions of the entire secreted fraction. These findings confirm that BAT transplants affect physiology and demonstrate that BAT-secreted peptides represent a novel therapeutic approach to diabetes management. Furthermore, our research reveals a novel signaling role for nidogen-2, beyond its traditional classification as an extracellular matrix protein. HIGHLIGHTS The large molecular weight brown adipocyte-secreted protein fraction suppresses glucagon secretion and normalizes glycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), independent of insulin, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for disease management.Nidogen-2, a critical component of this fraction, is identified as an inhibitor of glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-cells by regulating intracellular messenger activities.The large-secreted protein fraction prevents T1D-related whitening of brown adipose tissue, promotes adipocyte differentiation, and enhances browning of inguinal white adipose tissue.This fraction enhances glucose uptake in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver through an insulin receptor-dependent pathway.
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3
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Liang D, Song K, Kong X, He M, Liao X, Huang Z, Kang A, Bai R, Ren Y. Roles of lipid droplets and related proteins in metabolic diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:218. [PMID: 39030618 PMCID: PMC11264848 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are active organelles, derive from the monolayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and encapsulate neutral lipids internally. LD-associated proteins like RAB, those in the PLIN family, and those in the CIDE family participate in LD formation and development, and they are active players in various diseases, organelles, and metabolic processes (i.e., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autophagy). Our synthesis on existing research includes insights from the formation of LDs to their mechanisms of action, to provide an overview needed for advancing research into metabolic diseases and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhenghang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Dianyuan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Aijia Kang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
- General Surgery, Chengdu XinHua Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Cui A, Xue Y, Su W, Lin J, Liu Y, Cai G, Wan Q, Jiang Y, Ding D, Zheng Z, Wei S, Li W, Shen J, Wen J, Huang M, Zhao J, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Li H, Ying H, Zhang H, Bi Y, Chen Y, Xu A, Xu Y, Li Y. Glucose regulation of adipose tissue browning by CBP/p300- and HDAC3-mediated reversible acetylation of CREBZF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318935121. [PMID: 38588421 PMCID: PMC11032498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318935121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is required for generating heat during cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue, but the regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. CREBZF has emerged as a critical mechanism for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the roles of CREBZF in the control of thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Glucose induces CREBZF in human white adipose tissue (WAT) and inguinal WAT (iWAT) in mice. Lys208 acetylation modulated by transacetylase CREB-binding protein/p300 and deacetylase HDAC3 is required for glucose-induced reduction of proteasomal degradation and augmentation of protein stability of CREBZF. Glucose induces rectal temperature and thermogenesis in white adipose of control mice, which is further potentiated in adipose-specific CREBZF knockout (CREBZF FKO) mice. During cold exposure, CREBZF FKO mice display enhanced thermogenic gene expression, browning of iWAT, and adaptive thermogenesis. CREBZF associates with PGC-1α to repress thermogenic gene expression. Expression levels of CREBZF are negatively correlated with UCP1 in human adipose tissues and increased in WAT of obese ob/ob mice, which may underscore the potential role of CREBZF in the development of compromised thermogenic capability under hyperglycemic conditions. Our results reveal an important mechanism of glucose sensing and thermogenic inactivation through reversible acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cui
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yaqian Xue
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Weitong Su
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Genxiang Cai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Zengpeng Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Mengyao Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Jiuxiang Zhao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai200233, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210008, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
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5
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Lee JS, Min JE, Choe HJ, Park KS, Chung SS. SUMO-specific protease 2 regulates lipid droplet size through ERRα-mediated CIDEA expression in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:29-35. [PMID: 37748256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are not only lipid storage sites but also are closely related to lipid metabolism. Lipid droplet growth increases lipid storage capacity and suppresses lipolysis via lipase associated with the lipid droplet surface. The cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) family of proteins mediates lipid droplet fusion, which mainly contributes to lipid droplet growth. We previously demonstrated small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2) plays important roles in lipid metabolism and induction/maintenance of adipogenesis. In this study, we determined whether SENP2 regulates lipid droplet size in adipocytes. Overexpression of SENP2 increased lipid droplet size in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and facilitated CIDEA transcription. We found SENP2 increased CIDEA expression mainly through desumoylation of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), which acted in coordination with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator α. In addition, palmitate treatment increased SENP2 and CIDEA mRNA levels. Specific small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SENP2, as well as ERRα knockdown, eliminated palmitate-induced CIDEA expression. These results suggest SENP2 enhances CIDEA expression by modulating ERRα when SENP2 is upregulated, such as after palmitate treatment, to increase lipid droplet size in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03282, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hun Jee Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03282, South Korea.
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Li W, Qiu L, Guan J, Sun Y, Zhao J, Du M. Comparative transcriptome analysis of longissimus dorsi tissues with different intramuscular fat contents from Guangling donkeys. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:644. [PMID: 36085018 PMCID: PMC9463830 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Donkey meat has low fat and high protein contents and is rich in various unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements that are beneficial to human digestion and absorption. IMF (intramuscular fat), also known as marbling, is an important indicator of the lean meat to fat ratio, which directly affects the tenderness and juiciness of the meat. At present, the underlying molecular variations affecting IMF content among donkey breeds are unclear. The Guangling donkey is an indigenous species in China. This study explored candidate regulatory genes that affect IMF content in Guangling donkeys. The IMF content of the longissimus dorsi muscle in 30 Guangling donkeys was measured. Six donkeys of similar age were selected according to age factors and divided into two groups, the high (H) and low (L) fat groups, according to their IMF content.
Results
RNA-seq technology was used to compare the muscle transcriptome between the two groups. More than 75.0% of alternative splicing (AS) events were of the skipped exon (SE) type. A total of 887 novel genes were identified; only 386 novel genes were aligned to the annotation information of various databases. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 64 were upregulated and 103 were downregulated between the H and L groups. Gene ontology analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in multiple biological processes and pathways that are related to adipocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, and neutral lipid metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that arachidonic acid metabolism, the HIF-1 signalling pathway, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the AMPK signalling pathway were involved in lipid deposition. In addition, a gene–gene interaction network was constructed that revealed that the DEGs, including SCD, LEPR, CIDEA, DLK1, DGAT2, ITGAL, HMOX1, WNT10B, and DGKA, had significant roles in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The selected DEGs were further validated by qRT–PCR.
Conclusion
This study improves the in-depth understanding of gene regulation and protein expression regarding IMF deposition and lays a basis for subsequent molecular breeding studies in Guangling donkeys.
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Gao Y, Wang S, Ma Y, Lei Z, Ma Y. Circular RNA regulation of fat deposition and muscle development in cattle. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2104-2113. [PMID: 35689831 PMCID: PMC9514475 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important transcriptional regulatory RNA molecule that can regulate the transcription of downstream genes by competitive binding of miRNAs or coding proteins or by blocking mRNAs translation. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs are extensively involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, gene transcription and signal transduction. Fat deposition and muscle development have important effects on beef traits. CircRNAs are involved in regulating bovine fat and muscle cells and are differentially expressed in the tissues composed of these cells, suggesting that circRNAs play an important role in regulating bovine fat formation and muscle development. This review describes differential expression of circRNAs in bovine fat and muscle tissues, research progress in understanding how circRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine fat and muscle cells through competing endogenous RNAs networks, and provide a reference for the subsequent research on the molecular mechanism of circRNAs in regulating fat deposition and muscle development in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Zhaoxiong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan China
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Mitophagy Mediates the Beige to White Transition of Human Primary Subcutaneous Adipocytes Ex Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030363. [PMID: 35337160 PMCID: PMC8948887 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have multilocular lipid droplets, express uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, and promote energy expenditure. In rodents, when the stimulus of browning subsides, parkin-dependent mitophagy is activated and dormant beige adipocytes persist. In humans, however, the molecular events during the beige to white transition have not been studied in detail. In this study, human primary subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were differentiated to beige for 14 days, then either the beige culture conditions were applied for an additional 14 days or it was replaced by a white medium. Control white adipocytes were differentiated by their specific cocktail for 28 days. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-driven beige differentiation resulted in increased mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP1 expression, fragmentation, and respiration as compared to white. Morphology, UCP1 content, mitochondrial fragmentation, and basal respiration of the adipocytes that underwent transition, along with the induction of mitophagy, were similar to control white adipocytes. However, white converted beige adipocytes had a stronger responsiveness to dibutyril-cAMP, which mimics adrenergic stimulus, than the control white ones. Gene expression patterns showed that the removal of mitochondria in transitioning adipocytes may involve both parkin-dependent and -independent pathways. Preventing the entry of beige adipocytes into white transition can be a feasible way to maintain elevated thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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Tarabra E, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Hellerstein M, Shabanova V, McCollum S, Pierpont† B, Zhao D, Shulman GI, Caprio S. CIDEA expression in SAT from adolescent girls with obesity and unfavorable patterns of abdominal fat distribution. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:2068-2080. [PMID: 34672413 PMCID: PMC8612981 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether variations in cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha subunit-like effector A (CIDEA) mRNA expression and protein levels are modulated by the pattern of abdominal fat distribution in adolescent girls with obesity. METHODS This study recruited 35 adolescent girls with obesity and characterized their abdominal fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging. Participants had only a periumbilical/abdominal (n = 14) or a paired abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsy (n = 21). CIDEA expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, CIDEA protein level by Western blot, and the turnover of adipose lipids and adipocytes by 2 H2 O labeling. In six girls, a second abdominal SAT biopsy was performed (after ~34.2 months) to explore the weight gain effect on CIDEA expression in abdominal SAT. RESULTS CIDEA expression decreased in abdominal SAT from participants with high visceral adipose tissue (VAT)/(VAT+SAT); CIDEA inversely correlated with number of small adipocytes, with the increase in preadipocyte proliferation, and with adipogenesis. A strong inverse correlation was found between CIDEA protein level with the newly synthetized glycerol (r = -0.839, p = 0.0047). Following weight gain, an increase in adipocytes' cell diameter with a decrease in CIDEA expression and RNA-sequencing transcriptomic profile typical of adipocyte dysfunction was observed. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of CIDEA in girls with high VAT/(VAT+SAT) is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tarabra
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Veronika Shabanova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah McCollum
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bridget Pierpont†
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Xu X, Ma A, Li T, Cui W, Wang X, Li J, Li Q, Pang Y. Genetic and Functional Characterization of Novel Brown-Like Adipocytes Around the Lamprey Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674939. [PMID: 34277616 PMCID: PMC8281276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of vertebrate evolution, many thermogenic organs and mechanisms have appeared. Mammalian brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat through the uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, acts as a natural defense against hypothermia and inhibits the development of obesity. Although the existence, cellular origin and molecular identity of BAT in humans have been well studied, the genetic and functional characteristics of BAT from lampreys remain unknown. Here, we identified and characterized a novel, naturally existing brown-like adipocytes at the lamprey brain periphery. Similar to human BAT, the lamprey brain periphery contains brown-like adipocytes that maintain the same morphology as human brown adipocytes, containing multilocular lipid droplets and high mitochondrion numbers. Furthermore, we found that brown-like adipocytes in the periphery of lamprey brains responded to thermogenic reagent treatment and cold exposure and that lamprey UCP2 promoted precursor adipocyte differentiation. Molecular mapping by RNA-sequencing showed that inflammation in brown-like adipocytes treated with LPS and 25HC was enhanced compared to controls. The results of this study provide new evidence for human BAT research and demonstrate the multilocular adipose cell functions of lampreys, including: (1) providing material energy and protecting structure, (2) generating additional heat and contributing to adaptation to low-temperature environments, and (3) resisting external pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLuan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - AnQi Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - TieSong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - WenXue Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - XueFeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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11
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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12
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Morishita Y, Kellogg AP, Larkin D, Chen W, Vadrevu S, Satin L, Liu M, Arvan P. Cell death-associated lipid droplet protein CIDE-A is a noncanonical marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143980. [PMID: 33661766 PMCID: PMC8119190 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory protein misfolding has been linked to ER stress and cell death. We expressed a TGrdw transgene encoding TG-G(2298)R, a misfolded mutant thyroglobulin reported to be linked to thyroid cell death. When the TGrdw transgene was expressed at low level in thyrocytes of TGcog/cog mice that experienced severe ER stress, we observed increased thyrocyte cell death and increased expression of CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector-A, a protein of lipid droplets) in whole thyroid gland. Here we demonstrate that acute ER stress in cultured PCCL3 thyrocytes increases Cidea mRNA levels, maintained at least in part by increased mRNA stability, while being negatively regulated by activating transcription factor 6 - with similar observations that ER stress increases Cidea mRNA levels in other cell types. CIDE-A protein is sensitive to proteasomal degradation yet is stabilized by ER stress, and elevated expression levels accompany increased cell death. Unlike acute ER stress, PCCL3 cells adapted and surviving chronic ER stress maintained a disproportionately lower relative mRNA level of Cidea compared with that of other, classical ER stress markers, as well as a blunted Cidea mRNA response to a new, unrelated acute ER stress challenge. We suggest that CIDE-A is a novel marker linked to a noncanonical ER stress response program, with implications for cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aaron P. Kellogg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis Larkin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suryakiran Vadrevu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leslie Satin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates atherosclerosis, promotes perivascular adipose tissue browning, and increases adiponectin production in Apo-E mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4451. [PMID: 33627760 PMCID: PMC7904836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts a potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that atRA ameliorates atherosclerosis while the exact mechanism underlying this protection remains unknown. This study investigated the influence of atRA on insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis, and the process of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) browning. Moreover, syntheses of adiponectin, adipokine with anti-atherogenic effects, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, were determined in PVAT. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (Apo-E) and control C57BL/6J wild-type mice were treated with atRA (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) by plastic feeding tubes for 8 weeks. Long-term atRA treatment in Apo-E mice did not affect insulin resistance. AtRa administration ameliorated atherosclerosis, induced PVAT browning, and increased adiponectin production in PVAT in Apo-E mice. Furthermore, atRA increased nitric oxide (NO) level but did not affect adiponectin concentration in the aorta of Apo-E mice. These results indicate that atRA ameliorates atherosclerosis in Apo-E mice. We also observed the browning of PVAT. Besides, atRA increased the synthesis of adiponectin in PVAT and augmented NO level in the aorta in ApoE mice.
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14
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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15
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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16
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Gao YP, Li L, Yan J, Hou XX, Jia YX, Chang ZW, Guan XY, Qin YR. Down-Regulation of CIDEA Promoted Tumor Growth and Contributed to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating the JNK-p21/Bad Signaling Pathways in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:627845. [PMID: 33614508 PMCID: PMC7888273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis and lack of effective targeted therapies. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressive role of the cell death inducing DFF like effector A (CIDEA) in ESCC. Firstly, public datasets and ESCC tissue microarray analysis showed that CIDEA was frequently down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein level. This was significantly associated with low differentiation and TNM stage in ESCC, and indicated poor prognosis for ESCC patients. Bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis revealed that the down-regulation of CIDEA was associated with hypermethylation of its promoter, which was also correlated with the poor prognosis in ESCC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional studies demonstrated that CIDEA decreased cell growth, foci formation, DNA replication, and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Further study revealed that, during starvation or cisplatin induced DNA damage, CIDEA facilitated the G1-phase arrest or caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through the JNK-p21/Bad pathway. Therefore, CIDEA is a novel tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in the development and progression of ESCC, and may provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Third Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xu Jia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Recazens E, Mouisel E, Langin D. Hormone-sensitive lipase: sixty years later. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 82:101084. [PMID: 33387571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was initially characterized as the hormonally regulated neutral lipase activity responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids in adipose tissue. This review aims at providing up-to-date information on structural properties, regulation of expression, activity and function as well as therapeutic potential. The lipase is expressed as different isoforms produced from tissue-specific alternative promoters. All isoforms are composed of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain within which a regulatory domain containing the phosphorylation sites is embedded. Some isoforms possess additional N-terminal regions. The catalytic domain shares similarities with bacteria, fungus and vascular plant proteins but not with other mammalian lipases. HSL singularity is provided by regulatory and N-terminal domains sharing no homology with other proteins. HSL has a broad substrate specificity compared to other neutral lipases. It hydrolyzes acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters among other substrates. A novel role of HSL, independent of its enzymatic function, has recently been described in adipocytes. Clinical studies revealed dysregulations of HSL expression and activity in disorders, such as lipodystrophy, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer-associated cachexia. Development of specific inhibitors positions HSL as a pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Recazens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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18
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Myers DA, Singleton K, Hyatt K, Kaushal KM, Ducsay CA. Long term hypoxia during gestation alters perirenal adipose tissue gene expression in the lamb. Adipocyte 2020; 9:223-233. [PMID: 32403966 PMCID: PMC7238872 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1763726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that following long-term hypoxia (LTH), the ovine foetus exhibits enhanced expression of brown/beige adipose genes. This study was designed to determine if these changes are preserved after birth. Pregnant ewes were divided among three groups, 1) Control, sea level, 2) LTH, high altitude (3,820 m, LTH-HA) from ~ day 40 of gestation through ~14 days post-delivery and 3) LTH from ⁓ day 40 through day 137 of gestation then returned to the laboratory where atory reduced maternal PO2 was maintained by nitrogen infusion. Following delivery, lambs remained at sea level (LTH-SL). Perirenal adipose tissue was collected at ~day 14, and qRT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), PPAR gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1α), and deiodinase-2 (DIO2) mRNA levels were significantly lower in both LTH groups while PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) levels did not differ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) was maintained in the LTH-HA group and significantly increased in the LTH-SL group, compared to control. Unlike our previous LTH foetal studies, the brown/beige fat phenotype was rapidly lost by day 14 postpartum compared to control, while PPARγ was maintained. This loss of the brown fat phenotype may promote obesity due to decreased energy expenditure, favouring fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Krista Singleton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kim Hyatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kanchan M. Kaushal
- Lawrence D. Longo M.D. Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles A. Ducsay
- Lawrence D. Longo M.D. Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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19
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FTO Intronic SNP Strongly Influences Human Neck Adipocyte Browning Determined by Tissue and PPARγ Specific Regulation: A Transcriptome Analysis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040987. [PMID: 32316277 PMCID: PMC7227023 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes, abundant in deep-neck (DN) area in humans, are thermogenic with anti-obesity potential. FTO pro-obesity rs1421085 T-to-C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) shifts differentiation program towards white adipocytes in subcutaneous fat. Human adipose-derived stromal cells were obtained from subcutaneous neck (SC) and DN fat of nine donors, of which 3-3 carried risk-free (T/T), heterozygous or obesity-risk (C/C) FTO genotypes. They were differentiated to white and brown (long-term Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) stimulation) adipocytes; then, global RNA sequencing was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared. DN and SC progenitors had similar adipocyte differentiation potential but differed in DEGs. DN adipocytes displayed higher browning features according to ProFAT or BATLAS scores and characteristic DEG patterns revealing associated pathways which were highly expressed (thermogenesis, interferon, cytokine, and retinoic acid, with UCP1 and BMP4 as prominent network stabilizers) or downregulated (particularly extracellular matrix remodeling) compared to SC ones. Part of DEGs in either DN or SC browning was PPARγ-dependent. Presence of the FTO obesity-risk allele suppressed the expression of mitochondrial and thermogenesis genes with a striking resemblance between affected pathways and those appearing in ProFAT and BATLAS, underlining the importance of metabolic and mitochondrial pathways in thermogenesis. Among overlapping regulatory influences that determine browning and thermogenic potential of neck adipocytes, FTO genetic background has a thus far not recognized prominence.
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20
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Zhao M, Zhao H, Lin L, Wang Y, Chen M, Wu B. Nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of cytochrome P450 2b10 in mouse liver. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1139-1148. [PMID: 32238093 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1751342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms for circadian expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is essential for a better understanding of dosing time-dependent drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. CYP2B6 (Cyp2b10 in mice) is an important enzyme responsible for metabolism and detoxification of approximately 10% of drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 in circadian regulation of Cyp2b10 in mice.We first uncovered diurnal rhythmicity in hepatic RIP140 mRNA and protein with peak values at ZT10 (ZT, zeitgeber time). RIP140 ablation up-regulated Cyp2b10 expression and blunted its rhythm in mice and in AML-12 cells. Consistent with a negative regulatory effect, overexpression of RIP140 inhibited Cyp2b10 promoter activity and reduced cellular Cyp2b10 expression.Furthermore, RIP140 suppressed Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation of Cyp2b10, and the suppressive effects were attenuated when the RIP140 gene was silenced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that recruitment of RIP140 protein to the Cyp2b10 promoter was circadian time-dependent in wild-type mice. More extensive recruitment was observed at ZT10 than at ZT2 consistent with the rhythmic pattern of RIP140 protein. However, the time-dependency of RIP140 recruitment was lost in RIP140-/- mice.Additionally, we identified a D-box and a RORE cis-element in RIP140 promoter. D-box- and RORE-acting clock components such as Dbp, E4bp4, Rev-erbα/β and Rorα transcriptionally regulated RIP140, potentially accounting for its rhythmic expression.In conclusion, RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of Cyp2b10 in mouse liver through periodical repression of Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation. This co-regulator-driven mechanism represents a novel source of diurnal rhythmicity in drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luomin Lin
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Song YF, Hogstrand C, Ling SC, Chen GH, Luo Z. Creb-Pgc1α pathway modulates the interaction between lipid droplets and mitochondria and influences high fat diet-induced changes of lipid metabolism in the liver and isolated hepatocytes of yellow catfish. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108364. [PMID: 32199344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the crucial role of lipid droplets (LDs), mitochondria (MT) and their interactions in regulating lipid metabolism are well accepted, the mechanism of LDs-MT interactions in high fat diet (HFD)-induced changes of lipid metabolism remains unknown. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the mechanism of LDs-MT interactions in HFD-induced changes of lipid accumulation. We found that HFD not only up-regulated the expression of key proteins linked with TAG biosynthesis, but also increased the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in LDs, including Rab32 (the only Rab protein associated with the MT). FA-induced LDs accumulation coincided with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, suggesting the potential LDs-MT interaction in hepatocytes after FA incubation. Also, FA incubation markedly increased the localization of Rab32 into LDs and MT, which confirmed the LDs-MT interaction and indicated the involvement of Rab32 in LDs-MT interaction following FA incubation. Inhibitors of Creb-Pgc1α pathway significantly blocked the localization of Rab32 into LDs and MT, and significantly reduced FA-induced LDs lipolysis by targeting Atgl and Plin5. Meanwhile, the FA-enhanced LDs accumulation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and oxidation were also significantly repressed. These indicated the regulatory role of Creb-Pgc1α in Rab32-mediated LDs-MT interactions and lipolysis after FA incubation. Taken together, these results revealed a novel mechanism of HFD- and FA-induced LDs-MT interactions in regulating hepatic LDs lipolysis, which provided new insight into the crosstalk between LDs-MT interaction and their potential role in HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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22
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Chen F, Yin Y, Chua BT, Li P. CIDE family proteins control lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic diseases. Traffic 2019; 21:94-105. [PMID: 31746121 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Jung Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yesheng Yin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
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Corrêa LH, Heyn GS, Magalhaes KG. The Impact of the Adipose Organ Plasticity on Inflammation and Cancer Progression. Cells 2019; 8:E662. [PMID: 31262098 PMCID: PMC6679170 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic and low-grade systemic inflammation, an increase of adipose tissue, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of adipocytes. Adipose tissues can be classified into white, brown, beige and pink adipose tissues, which display different regulatory, morphological and functional characteristics of their adipocyte and immune cells. Brown and white adipocytes can play a key role not only in the control of energy homeostasis, or through the balance between energy storage and expenditure, but also by the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, brown and white adipocytes can orchestrate important immunological crosstalk that may deeply impact the tumor microenvironment and be crucial for cancer establishment and progression. Recent works have indicated that white adipose tissues can undergo a process called browning, in which an inducible brown adipocyte develops. In this review, we depict the mechanisms involved in the differential role of brown, white and pink adipocytes, highlighting their structural, morphological, regulatory and functional characteristics and correlation with cancer predisposition, establishment, and progression. We also discuss the impact of the increased adiposity in the inflammatory and immunological modulation. Moreover, we focused on the plasticity of adipocytes, describing the molecules produced and secreted by those cells, the modulation of the signaling pathways involved in the browning phenomena of white adipose tissue and its impact on inflammation and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/immunology
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adiposity/immunology
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Energy Metabolism/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Henrique Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Simões Heyn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
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Deng K, Ren C, Zhang G, Zhang Y, You P, Wang F, Fan Y. Polyphenol Compounds Attenuate High‐Dose PUFA‐Induced Oxidative Damage in Adipocytes. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Deng
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Caifang Ren
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Peihua You
- Portal Agri‐Industries Co.Ltd.Xingdian Street, Pikou DistrictNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Feng Wang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
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Abstract
Brown adipocytes are the key cell type in brown adipose tissue (BAT) that express the genes required for heat production through the process of thermogenesis. Brown adipocyte cell culture models are important for researching the molecular pathways that control cell autonomous processes. In vitro tools for the study of brown adipocytes include BAT explant cultures and BAT primary cultures that are first proliferated and then differentiated. A number of stable brown preadipocyte cell lines have been generated by the expression transforming factors such as SV40 T antigen. The application of these cell lines reduces the requirement for animal tissue which is needed for primary culture and explants. Furthermore, brown adipocyte cell lines that effectively recapitulate the properties of brown adipocytes permit large-scale experimental procedures that are generally unfeasible with primary cultures that undergo a restricted number of cell divisions. Cell lines are valuable for applications such as large-scale endogenous protein expression, ChIP assay, and procedures requiring antibiotic selection over several cell divisions including stable exogenous gene expression and CRISR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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26
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Nimri L, Staikin K, Peri I, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Schwartz B. Ostreolysin induces browning of adipocytes and ameliorates hepatic steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1990-2000. [PMID: 29663549 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with all features of the metabolic syndrome. Deposition of excess triglycerides in liver cells, a hallmark of NAFLD, is associated with loss of insulin sensitivity. Ostreolysin (Oly) is a 15-kDa fungal protein known to interact with cholesterol-enriched raft-like membrane domains. We aim to test whether a recombinant version of Oly (rOly) can induce functional changes in vitro in adipocytes or in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control or HFD and treated with saline or with rOly (1 mg/kg BW) every other day for 4 weeks. RESULTS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly acquire a browning phenotype through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of IκB kinase ε and TANK-binding kinase 1. HFD-fed mice treated with rOly showed a 10% reduction in BW and improved glucose tolerance, which paralleled improved expression of liver and adipose functionality, metabolism, and inflammation status, mimicking the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence of rOly's prevention of HFD-induced NAFLD by stimulating liver and adipose muscle tissue functionality and oxidative potential, improving glucose tolerance, and ameliorating the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katerina Staikin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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Khosravi M, Hosseini-Fard R, Najafi M. Circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL). Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0024/hmbci-2018-0024.xml. [PMID: 30059347 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are known as atherogenic agents in coronary artery diseases. They modify to other electronegative forms and may be the subject for improvement of inflammatory events in vessel subendothelial spaces. The circulating LDL value is associated with the plasma PCSK-9 level. They internalize into macrophages using the lysosomal receptor-mediated pathways. LDL uptake is related to the membrane scavenger receptors, modifications of lipid and protein components of LDL particles, vesicular maturation and lipid stores of cells. Furthermore, LDL vesicular trafficking is involved with the function of some proteins such as Rab and Lamp families. These proteins also help in the transportation of free cholesterol from lysosome into the cytosol. The aggregation of lipids in the cytosol is a starting point for the formation of foam cells so that they may participate in the primary core of atherosclerosis plaques. The effects of macrophage subclasses are different in the formation and remodeling of plaques. This review is focused on the cellular and molecular events involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Biochemistry Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09155192401
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28
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Emont MP, Kim DI, Wu J. Development, activation, and therapeutic potential of thermogenic adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:13-19. [PMID: 29763732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding adipocytes with a particular focus on thermogenic fat cells, which effectively convert chemical energy into heat in addition to their other metabolic functions. It has been increasingly recognized that different types and subtypes of adipocytes exist and the developmental origins of various types of fat cells are being intensively investigated. Previous work using immortalized fat cell lines has established an intricate transcriptional network that regulates adipocyte function. Recent work has illustrated how these key transcriptional components mediate thermogenic activation in fat cells. Last but not least, cumulative evidence supports an incontestable role of thermogenic fat in influencing systemic metabolism in humans. Here we summarize the exciting advancements in our understanding of thermogenic fat, discuss the advantages and limitations of the experimental tools currently available, and explore the future directions of this fast-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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29
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A map of the PGC-1α- and NT-PGC-1α-regulated transcriptional network in brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7876. [PMID: 29777200 PMCID: PMC5959870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α play crucial roles in regulating cold-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α are highly induced by cold in BAT and subsequently bind to and coactivate many transcription factors to regulate expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, respiration and thermogenesis. To identify the complete repertoire of PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α target genes in BAT, we analyzed genome-wide DNA-binding and gene expression profiles. We find that PGC-1α-/NT-PGC-1α binding broadly associates with cold-mediated transcriptional activation. In addition to their known target genes in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α additionally target a broad spectrum of genes involved in diverse biological pathways including ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, ribonucleoprotein complex biosynthesis, phospholipid biosynthesis, angiogenesis, glycogen metabolism, phosphorylation, and autophagy. Our findings expand the number of genes and biological pathways that may be regulated by PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α and provide further insight into the transcriptional regulatory network in which PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α coordinate a comprehensive transcriptional response in BAT in response to cold.
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30
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Targeted disruption of the iNOS gene improves adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice: role of tenascin C. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1458-1470. [PMID: 29449623 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is related to a dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which involves the synthesis and degradation of different proteins, such as tenascin C (TNC) in the adipose tissue (AT). Given the functional relationship between leptin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), our aim was to analyze the impact of the absence of the iNOS gene in AT inflammation and ECM remodeling in ob/ob mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS The expression of genes involved in inflammation and ECM remodeling was evaluated in 10-week-old male double knockout (DBKO) mice simultaneously lacking the ob and iNOS genes as well as in ob/ob mice classified into three groups [control, leptin-treated (1 mg kg-1 day-1) and pair-fed]. RESULTS Leptin deficiency increased inflammation and fibrosis in AT. As expected, leptin treatment improved the obesity phenotype. iNOS deficiency in ob/ob mice improved insulin sensitivity, AT inflammation, and ECM remodeling, as evidenced by lower AT macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition, a downregulation of proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes Tnf, Emr1, Hif1a, Col6a1, Col6a3, and Tnc, as well as lower circulating TNC levels. Interestingly, leptin upregulated TNC expression and release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and iNOS knockdown in 3T3-L1 fat cells produced a significant decrease in basal and leptin-induced Tnc expression. CONCLUSIONS Ablation of iNOS in leptin-deficient mice improved AT inflammation and ECM remodeling-related genes, attenuating fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction. The activation of iNOS by leptin is necessary for the synthesis and secretion of TNC in adipocytes, suggesting an important role of this alarmin in the development of AT inflammation and fibrosis.
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31
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Pettersson-Klein AT, Izadi M, Ferreira DMS, Cervenka I, Correia JC, Martinez-Redondo V, Southern M, Cameron M, Kamenecka T, Agudelo LZ, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Martens U, Lundgren B, Otrocka M, Jenmalm-Jensen A, Griffin PR, Ruas JL. Small molecule PGC-1α1 protein stabilizers induce adipocyte Ucp1 expression and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. Mol Metab 2018; 9:28-42. [PMID: 29428596 PMCID: PMC5870114 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α1 (PGC-1α1) regulates genes involved in energy metabolism. Increasing adipose tissue energy expenditure through PGC-1α1 activation is potentially beneficial for systemic metabolism. Pharmacological PGC-1α1 activators could be valuable tools in the fight against obesity and metabolic disease. Finding such compounds has been challenging partly because PGC-1α1 is a transcriptional coactivator with no known ligand-binding properties. While, PGC-1α1 activation is regulated by several mechanisms, protein stabilization is a crucial limiting step due to its short half-life under unstimulated conditions. Methods We designed a cell-based high-throughput screening system to identify PGC-1α1 protein stabilizers. Positive hits were tested for their ability to induce endogenous PGC-1α1 protein accumulation and activate target gene expression in brown adipocytes. Select compounds were analyzed for their effects on global gene expression and cellular respiration in adipocytes. Results Among 7,040 compounds screened, we highlight four small molecules with high activity as measured by: PGC-1α1 protein accumulation, target gene expression, and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Conclusions We identify compounds that induce PGC-1α1 protein accumulation and show that this increases uncoupled respiration in brown adipocytes. This screening platform establishes the foundation for a new class of therapeutics with potential use in obesity and associated disorders. A high-throughput platform to identify PGC-1α1 activators. PGC-1α1 protein stabilizers work as activators in brown adipocytes. Small molecule PGC-1α1 activators induce Ucp1 expression and cellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Pettersson-Klein
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Izadi
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D M S Ferreira
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Cervenka
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J C Correia
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Martinez-Redondo
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Southern
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - M Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - T Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - L Z Agudelo
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Porsmyr-Palmertz
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Martens
- Science for Life Laboratory, RNAi Cell Screening Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, RNAi Cell Screening Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Otrocka
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jenmalm-Jensen
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - J L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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SREBP1c mediates the effect of acetaldehyde on Cidea expression in Alcoholic fatty liver Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1200. [PMID: 29352167 PMCID: PMC5775393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like A (Cidea) is a member of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) protein. The initial function of CIDE is the promotion of cell death and DNA fragmentation in mammalian cells. Cidea was recently reported to play critical roles in the development of hepatic steatosis. The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of chronic alcohol intake on Cidea expression in the livers of mice with alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cidea expression was significantly increased in the liver of alcohol-induced fatty liver mice. While, knockdown of Cidea caused lipid droplets numbers reduction. Next, we detected the activity of ALDH2 reduction and the concentration of serum acetaldehyde accumulation in our alcohol-induced fatty liver mice. Cidea expression was elevated in AML12 cells exposed to 100uM acetaldehyde. Interestingly, Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that 100 uM acetaldehyde led to the activation of Cidea reporter gene plasmid which containing SRE element. What’s more, the knockdown of SREBP1c suppressed acetaldehyde-induced Cidea expression. Overall, our findings suggest that Cidea is highly associated with alcoholic fatty liver disease and Cidea expression is specifically induced by acetaldehyde, and this up-regulation is most likely mediated by SREBP1c.
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33
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Gao G, Chen FJ, Zhou L, Su L, Xu D, Xu L, Li P. Control of lipid droplet fusion and growth by CIDE family proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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35
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Browning deficiency and low mobilization of fatty acids in gonadal white adipose tissue leads to decreased cold-tolerance of transglutaminase 2 knock-out mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1575-1586. [PMID: 28774822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During cold-exposure 'beige' adipocytes with increased mitochondrial content are activated in white adipose tissue (WAT). These cells, similarly to brown adipose tissue (BAT), dissipate stored chemical energy in the form of heat with the help of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We investigated the effect of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) ablation on the function of ATs in mice. Although TG2+/+ and TG2-/- mice had the same amount of WAT and BAT, we found that TG2+/+ animals could tolerate acute cold exposure for 4h, whereas TG2-/- mice only for 3h. Both TG2-/- and TG2+/+ animals used up half of the triacylglycerol content of subcutaneous WAT (SCAT) after 3h treatment; however, TG2-/- mice still possessed markedly whiter and higher amount of gonadal WAT (GONAT) as reflected in the larger size of adipocytes and lower free fatty acid levels in serum. Furthermore, lower expression of 'beige' marker genes such as UCP1, TBX1 and TNFRFS9 was observed after cold exposure in GONAT of TG2-/- mice, paralleled with a lower level of UCP1 protein and a decreased mitochondrial content. The detected changes in gene expression of Resistin and Adiponectin did not provoke glucose intolerance in the investigated TG2-/- mice, and TG2 deletion did not influence adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon and insulin production. Our data suggest that TG2 has a tissue-specific role in GONAT function and browning, which becomes apparent under acute cold exposure.
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36
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Qiu YQ, Yang XF, Ma XY, Xiong YX, Tian ZM, Fan QL, Wang L, Jiang ZY. CIDE gene expression in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle from obese and lean pigs. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:492-500. [PMID: 28585425 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector (CIDE) family including Cidea, Cideb, and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity. However, there was less information on these genes' expression in pigs. Here, we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts, DLY) and obese (Lantang) pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism. Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue, and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle, whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig. Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mRNA abundance, and hepatic and muscle Cideb mRNA than DLY pigs. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), fatty acid synthase (FASN), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs. Lantang pigs exhibited higher mRNA abundance for liver SREBP-1c, HNF-4α, and PGC-1α, and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c, HNF-4α, PGC-1α, and DGAT2 expression, as compared with DLY pigs. However, the perlipin2 mRNA levels in adipose tissues, liver, and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts. Furthermore, plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose, and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs. Finally, data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mRNA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness (BFT), abdominal fat mass (AFM), and the levels of NEFA, TAG, and glucose in the two breeds. Collectively, these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qin Qiu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Fen Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian-Yong Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yun-Xia Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiu-Li Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zong-Yong Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Loyd C, Liu Y, Kim T, Holleman C, Galloway J, Bethea M, Ediger BN, Swain TA, Tang Y, Stoffers DA, Rowe GC, Young M, Steele C, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. LDB1 Regulates Energy Homeostasis During Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1289-1297. [PMID: 28009534 PMCID: PMC5460834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The broadly expressed transcriptional coregulator LDB1 is essential for β-cell development and glucose homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether LDB1 has metabolic roles beyond the β-cell, especially under metabolic stress. Global Ldb1 deletion results in early embryonic lethality; thus, we used global heterozygous Ldb1+/- and inducible β-cell-specific Ldb1-deficient (Ldb1Δβ-cell) mice. We assessed glucose and insulin tolerance, body composition, feeding, and energy expenditure during high-fat diet exposure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology was evaluated by thermogenic gene expression and LDB1 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that partial loss of Ldb1 does not impair the maintenance of glucose homeostasis; rather, we observed improved insulin sensitivity in these mice. Partial loss of Ldb1 also uncovered defects in energy expenditure in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. This decreased energy expenditure during DIO was associated with significantly altered BAT gene expression, specifically Cidea, Elovl3, Cox7a1, and Dio2. Remarkably, the observed changes in energy balance during DIO were absent in Ldb1Δβ-cell mice, despite a similar reduction in plasma insulin, suggesting a role for LDB1 in BAT. Indeed, LDB1 is expressed in brown adipocytes and occupies a regulatory domain of Elovl3, a gene crucial to normal BAT function. We conclude that LDB1 regulates energy homeostasis, in part through transcriptional modulation of critical regulators in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loyd
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Jamie Galloway
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Benjamin N. Ediger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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Nautiyal J. Transcriptional coregulator RIP140: an essential regulator of physiology. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R147-R158. [PMID: 28073818 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coregulators drive gene regulatory decisions in the transcriptional space. Although transcription factors including all nuclear receptors provide a docking platform for coregulators to bind, these proteins bring enzymatic capabilities to the gene regulatory sites. RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator essential for several physiological processes, and aberrations in its function may lead to diseased states. Unlike several other coregulators that are known either for their coactivating or corepressing roles, in gene regulation, RIP140 is capable of acting both as a coactivator and a corepressor. The role of RIP140 in female reproductive axis and recent findings of its role in carcinogenesis and adipose biology have been summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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39
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Lee SG, Parks JS, Kang HW. Quercetin, a functional compound of onion peel, remodels white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Pradhan RN, Zachara M, Deplancke B. A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:65-81. [PMID: 28164456 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes regulate energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling. This makes these fat cells attractive therapeutic targets to tackle the burgeoning issue of obesity, which itself is coupled to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Recent research has revealed a complex network underlying brown fat cell differentiation and thermogenic activation, involving secreted factors, signal transduction, metabolic pathways and gene regulatory components. Given that brown fat is now reported to be present in adult humans, it is desirable to harness the knowledge from each network module to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will present a systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and the subsequent metabolic activation of brown adipocytes by integrating signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory modules with a specific focus on known 'druggable' targets within each module.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Pradhan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zachara
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fischer AW, Shabalina IG, Mattsson CL, Abreu-Vieira G, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Petrovic N. UCP1 inhibition in Cidea-overexpressing mice is physiologically counteracted by brown adipose tissue hyperrecruitment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E72-E87. [PMID: 27923808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00284.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cidea is a gene highly expressed in thermogenesis-competent (UCP1-containing) adipose cells, both brown and brite/beige. Here, we initially demonstrate a remarkable adipose-depot specific regulation of Cidea expression. In classical brown fat, Cidea mRNA is expressed continuously and invariably, irrespective of tissue recruitment. However, Cidea protein levels are regulated posttranscriptionally, being conspicuously induced in the thermogenically recruited state. In contrast, in brite fat, Cidea protein levels are regulated at the transcriptional level, and Cidea mRNA and protein levels are proportional to tissue "briteness." Although routinely followed as a thermogenic molecular marker, Cidea function is not clarified. Here, we employed a gain-of-function approach to examine a possible role of Cidea in the regulation of thermogenesis. We utilized transgenic aP2-hCidea mice that overexpress human Cidea in all adipose tissues. We demonstrate that UCP1 activity is markedly suppressed in brown-fat mitochondria isolated from aP2-hCidea mice. However, mitochondrial UCP1 protein levels were identical in wild-type and transgenic mice. This implies a regulatory effect of Cidea on UCP1 activity, but as we demonstrate that Cidea itself is not localized to mitochondria, we propose an indirect inhibitory effect. The Cidea-induced inhibition of UCP1 activity (observed in isolated mitochondria) is physiologically relevant since the mice, through an appropriate homeostatic compensatory mechanism, increased the total amount of UCP1 in the tissue to exactly match the diminished thermogenic capacity of the UCP1 protein and retain unaltered nonshivering thermogenic capacity. Thus, we verified Cidea as being a marker of thermogenesis-competent adipose tissues, but we conclude that Cidea, unexpectedly, functions molecularly as an indirect inhibitor of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte L Mattsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Stimulatory Effects of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum cassia) during the Initiation Stage of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation. Foods 2016; 5:foods5040083. [PMID: 28231178 PMCID: PMC5302429 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) has an anti-diabetic effect by possibly increasing the lipid storage capacity of white adipocytes; however, this effect remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine which stage of adipogenesis is critical for the stimulatory effect of cinnamon in adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with cinnamon extract during three different stages of adipogenesis. We found that genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis were enhanced when cinnamon extract was administered during the initiation stage of differentiation but not when administered during the preadipocyte and post stages of differentiation. At the same time, genes that were involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation were unexpectedly upregulated. Taken together, cinnamon may boost lipid storage in white adipocytes and increase the fatty acid oxidation capacity throughout the initiation stage of differentiation, which may be beneficial for the prevention of obesity-induced type II diabetes.
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43
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Gantner ML, Hazen BC, Eury E, Brown EL, Kralli A. Complementary Roles of Estrogen-Related Receptors in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenic Function. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4770-4781. [PMID: 27763777 PMCID: PMC5133354 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis relies on a high abundance of mitochondria and the unique expression of the mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples substrate oxidation from ATP synthesis. Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes activates UCP1-mediated thermogenesis; it also induces the expression of Ucp1 and other genes important for thermogenesis, thereby endowing adipocytes with higher oxidative and uncoupling capacities. Adipocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity are controlled by multiple transcription factors, including the estrogen-related receptor (ERR)α. Whole-body ERRα knockout mice show decreased BAT mitochondrial content and oxidative function but normal induction of Ucp1 in response to cold. In addition to ERRα, brown adipocytes express ERRβ and ERRγ, 2 nuclear receptors that are highly similar to ERRα and whose function in adipocytes is largely unknown. To gain insights into the roles of all 3 ERRs, we assessed mitochondrial function and adrenergic responses in primary brown adipocytes lacking combinations of ERRs. We show that adipocytes lacking just ERRα, the most abundant ERR, show only mild mitochondrial defects. Adipocytes lacking ERRβ and ERRγ also show just mild defects. In contrast, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have severe reductions in mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Moreover, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have defects in the transcriptional and metabolic response to adrenergic stimulation, suggesting a wider role of ERRs in BAT function than previously appreciated. Our study shows that ERRs have a great capacity to compensate for each other in protecting mitochondrial function and the metabolic response to adrenergic signaling, processes vital to BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin L Gantner
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elodie Eury
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Erin L Brown
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Kristóf E, Doan-Xuan QM, Sárvári AK, Klusóczki Á, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Bacso Z, Bai P, Balajthy Z, Fésüs L. Clozapine modifies the differentiation program of human adipocytes inducing browning. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e963. [PMID: 27898069 PMCID: PMC5290354 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) often leads to weight gain and consequent cardio-metabolic side effects. We observed that clozapine but not six other antipsychotic drugs reprogrammed the gene expression pattern of differentiating human adipocytes ex vivo, leading to an elevated expression of the browning marker gene UCP1, more and smaller lipid droplets and more mitochondrial DNA than in the untreated white adipocytes. Laser scanning cytometry showed that up to 40% of the differentiating single primary and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes had the characteristic morphological features of browning cells. Furthermore, clozapine significantly upregulated ELOVL3, CIDEA, CYC1, PGC1A and TBX1 genes but not ZIC1 suggesting induction of the beige-like and not the classical brown phenotype. When we tested whether browning induced by clozapine can be explained by its known pharmacological effect of antagonizing serotonin (5HT) receptors, it was found that browning cells expressed 5HT receptors 2A, 1D, 7 and the upregulation of browning markers was diminished in the presence of exogenous 5HT. Undifferentiated progenitors or completely differentiated beige or white adipocytes did not respond to clozapine administration. The clozapine-induced beige cells displayed increased basal and oligomycin-inhibited (proton leak) oxygen consumption, but these cells showed a lower response to cAMP stimulus as compared with control beige adipocytes indicating that they are less capable to respond to natural thermogenic anti-obesity cues. Our data altogether suggest that novel pharmacological stimulation of these masked beige adipocytes can be a future therapeutic target for the treatment of SGA-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Q-M Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A K Sárvári
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Á Klusóczki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Z Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Bai
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Balajthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,MTA-DE Stem Cells, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Life Science Building, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary. E-mail:
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45
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Genetic backgrounds determine brown remodeling of white fat in rodents. Mol Metab 2016; 5:948-958. [PMID: 27689007 PMCID: PMC5034685 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic background largely contributes to the complexity of metabolic responses and dysfunctions. Induction of brown adipose features in white fat, known as brown remodeling, has been appreciated as a promising strategy to offset the positive energy balance in obesity and further to improve metabolism. Here we address the effects of genetic background on this process. METHODS We investigated browning remodeling in a depot-specific manner by comparing the response of C57BL/6J, 129/Sv and FVB/NJ mouse strains to cold. RESULTS Surprisingly, 129/Sv and FVB/NJ mice showed distinct brown remodeling features despite their similar resistance to metabolic disorders in comparison to the obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. FVB/NJ mice demonstrated a preference of brown remodeling in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT), whereas 129/Sv mice displayed robust brown remodeling in visceral epididymal fat (eWAT). We further compared gene expression in different depots by RNA-sequencing and identified Hoxc10 as a novel "brake" of brown remodeling in iWAT. CONCLUSION Rodent genetic background determines the brown remodeling of different white fat depots. This study provides new insights into the role of genetic variation in fat remodeling in susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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46
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AMP-Activated Kinase (AMPK) Activation by AICAR in Human White Adipocytes Derived from Pericardial White Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Induces a Partial Beige-Like Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157644. [PMID: 27322180 PMCID: PMC4913939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are special cells situated in the white adipose tissue. Beige adipocytes, lacking thermogenic cues, morphologically look quite similar to regular white adipocytes, but with a markedly different response to adrenalin. White adipocytes respond to adrenergic stimuli by enhancing lipolysis, while in beige adipocytes adrenalin induces mitochondrial biogenesis too. A key step in the differentiation and function of beige adipocytes is the deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) by SIRT1 and the consequent mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an upstream activator of SIRT1, therefore we set out to investigate the role of AMPK in beige adipocyte differentiation using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) from pericardial adipose tissue. hADMSCs were differentiated to white and beige adipocytes and the differentiation medium of the white adipocytes was supplemented with 100 μM [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-Carbamoyl-5-aminoimidazol-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate (AICAR), a known activator of AMPK. The activation of AMPK with AICAR led to the appearance of beige-like morphological properties in differentiated white adipocytes. Namely, smaller lipid droplets appeared in AICAR-treated white adipocytes in a similar fashion as in beige cells. Moreover, in AICAR-treated white adipocytes the mitochondrial network was more fused than in white adipocytes; a fused mitochondrial system was characteristic to beige adipocytes. Despite the morphological similarities between AICAR-treated white adipocytes and beige cells, functionally AICAR-treated white adipocytes were similar to white adipocytes. We were unable to detect increases in basal or cAMP-induced oxygen consumption rate (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Similarly, markers of beige adipocytes such as TBX1, UCP1, CIDEA, PRDM16 and TMEM26 remained the same when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Our data point out that in human pericardial hADMSCs the role of AMPK activation in controlling beige differentiation is restricted to morphological features, but not to actual metabolic changes.
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47
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Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:480-95. [PMID: 27251423 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat. This thermogenic function relies on the activation of brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene programmes that are coordinately regulated by adipose-selective chromatin architectures and by a set of unique transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. A number of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators are also required for promoting beige adipocyte biogenesis in response to various environmental stimuli. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the generation and function of brown and beige adipocytes is necessary to allow us to control adipose cell fate and stimulate thermogenesis. This may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inagaki
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 153-8904.,The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 153-8904.,The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0669, USA
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Miotto PM, Frendo-Cumbo S, Sacco SM, Wright DC, Ward WE, Holloway GP. Combined high-fat-resveratrol diet and RIP140 knockout mice reveal a novel relationship between elevated bone mitochondrial content and compromised bone microarchitecture, bone mineral mass, and bone strength in the tibia. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1994-2007. [PMID: 27006200 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE While resveratrol (RSV) is associated with the prevention of high-fat (HF) diet-induced insulin resistance, the effects on bone health combined with an HF-diet is unknown. Therefore, we determined the effect of RSV on bone microarchitecture in the presence of an HF-diet, while also elucidating molecular adaptations within bone that could contribute to bone health status. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL6 mice were provided control (10% fat) or HF-diet (60% fat) in the presence or absence of RSV for 12 weeks. While RSV prevented HF diet-induced glucose intolerance, HF-RSV compromised tibial microarchitecture, mineral mass, and strength. The compromised outcomes following HF-RSV corresponded with higher markers of osteoclast-activation and bone-resorption (decreased OPG/RANKL ratio; increased cathepsin K), as well as higher markers of tibial mitochondrial content. A molecular model of elevated mitochondrial content (RIP140 knock out (KO) mice) was utilized to determine proof-of-principle that increasing mitochondrial content coincides with decrements in bone health. RIP140 KO mice displayed higher markers of mitochondrial content, and similar to HF-RSV, had compromised bone microarchitecture, lower BMD/strength, and higher markers of osteoclast-activation/bone-resorption. CONCLUSION These data show that in the presence of an HF-diet, RSV negatively alters bone health, a process associated with increased mitochondrial content and markers of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Christian M. Nuclear receptor-mediated regulation of lipid droplet-associated protein gene expression in adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 14:87-97. [PMID: 25436723 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In adipose tissues, nuclear receptors (NRs) have important metabolic actions on cellular lipid-storing capacity through targeted gene regulation. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles for intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) storage and are present in all eukaryotic cells. They are small in most cells, but in white adipocytes, they can occupy 90% of the cytoplasm. LDs consist of a TAG core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and an array of associated proteins that determine size, stability, inter-droplet interaction, and lipid storage capacity. The genes that encode these proteins are more highly expressed in brown compared with white fat, correlating with the greater LD surface area in multilocular brown adipocytes. Gene expression profiling reveals that most NRs are present in adipose tissues, with some showing greater expression in brown compared with white fat, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, estrogen-related receptor α, and NURR1. NR signaling is important for the regulated expression of most genes that encode LD-associated proteins. For example, estradiol signals via estrogen receptor α to regulate the levels of PLIN1 and the lipase ATGL controlling LD size and total lipid accumulation. PPARγ is essential for adipocyte differentiation and function, and analysis of data obtained through chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing shows that it binds to the promoters of many genes encoding LD proteins in adipocytes. Of these genes, the greatest PPARγ binding was to regulatory regions for Plin1, Cidec, and G0s2. NRs represent an important target for controlling LD dynamics in diseases affected by altered fat storage encompassing obesity and lipodystrophy, which are an increasing health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Duan H, Ma B, Ma X, Wang H, Ni Z, Wang B, Li X, Jiang P, Umar M, Li M. Anti-diabetic activity of recombinant irisin in STZ-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 84:457-63. [PMID: 26712701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and potential mechanism of recombinant irisin on diabetes, STZ-induced diabetic mice were established and treated with irisin. The results showed that daily water and food intake, and blood glucose significantly decreased after various concentrations of recombinant irisin treatment by intraperitoneal injection, of which 1.0 mg/kg was the optimal dose for lowering blood glucose. However, the body weight exhibited no significant difference during the treatment within groups, although the 0.9% NaCl treated group showed a trend of decreased body weight and the irisin treated groups showed a tendency of increasing weight. The oral glucose tolerance was improved, and serum insulin and circulating irisin content were significantly elevated in diabetic mice after 1.0 mg/kg irisin-injection treatment, compared to diabetic mice treated with 0.9% NaCl. 1.0 mg/kg irisin-injection also significantly increased the expression of energy and metabolism-related genes. In addition, oral administration of irisin lowered the blood glucose in diabetic mice. Our data suggested that irisin could lower blood glucose in insulin-deficient diabetic mice, to some extent, through irisin-mediated induction of energy and metabolic genes expression. These observations laid a foundation for the development of irisin-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Baicheng Ma
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, 300074 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Haisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zaizhong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Pingzhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Muhammad Umar
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Minggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China.
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