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Xiao L, Zhang L, Guo C, Xin Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 38923737 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages of the immune response. They detect "find me" signals to locate apoptotic cells and migrate toward them. Apoptotic cells then send "eat me" signals that are recognized by phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find me" and "eat me" signals can be strategically harnessed to modulate antitumor immunity in support of cancer therapy. These signals, such as calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting the engulfment of dying cells or their remnants by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes the phagocytic "find me" and "eat me" signals, including their concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, and functions. Furthermore, we delineate the relationships between "find me" and "eat me" signaling molecules and tumors, especially the roles of these molecules in tumor initiation, progression, diagnosis, and patient prognosis. The interplay of these signals with tumor biology is elucidated, and specific approaches to modulate "find me" and "eat me" signals and enhance antitumor immunity are explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies that combine "find me" and "eat me" signals to better bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the treatment of cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ciliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Weng J, Wang Z, Hu Z, Xu W, Sun JL, Wang F, Zhou Q, Liu S, Xu M, Xu M, Gao D, Shen YH, Yi Y, Shi Y, Dong Q, Zhou C, Ren N. Repolarization of Immunosuppressive Macrophages by Targeting SLAMF7-Regulated CCL2 Signaling Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1817-1833. [PMID: 38484085 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in HCC, suggesting that a better understanding of the intrinsic processes by which tumor cells regulate macrophages could help identify strategies to improve response to immunotherapy. As signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family members regulate various immune functions, we investigated the role of specific SLAM receptors in the immunobiology of HCC. Comparison of the transcriptomic landscapes of immunotherapy-responsive and nonresponsive patients with advanced HCC identified SLAMF7 upregulation in immunotherapy-responsive HCC, and patients with HCC who responded to immunotherapy also displayed higher serum levels of SLAMF7. Loss of Slamf7 in liver-specific knockout mice led to increased hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis, elevated immunosuppressive macrophage infiltration, and upregulated PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells. HCC cell-intrinsic SLAMF7 suppressed MAPK/ATF2-mediated CCL2 expression to regulate macrophage migration and polarization in vitro. Mechanistically, SLAMF7 associated with SH2 domain-containing adaptor protein B (SHB) through its cytoplasmic 304 tyrosine site to facilitate the recruitment of SHIP1 to SLAMF7 and inhibit the ubiquitination of TRAF6, thereby attenuating MAPK pathway activation and CCL2 transcription. Pharmacological antagonism of the CCL2/CCR2 axis potentiated the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody in orthotopic HCC mouse models with low SLAMF7 expression. In conclusion, this study highlights SLAMF7 as a regulator of macrophage function and a potential predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in HCC. Strategies targeting CCL2 signaling to induce macrophage repolarization in HCC with low SLAMF7 might enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE CCL2 upregulation caused by SLAMF7 deficiency in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induces immunosuppressive macrophage polarization and confers resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, providing potential biomarkers and targets to improve immunotherapy response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiu Hu
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Song Y, Zhang HJ, Song X, Geng J, Li HY, Zhang LZ, Yang B, Lu XC. Gene signatures to therapeutics: Assessing the potential of ivermectin against t(4;14) multiple myeloma. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:115-129. [PMID: 38292661 PMCID: PMC10823940 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a terminal differentiated B-cell tumor disease characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells and excessive levels of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the bone marrow. The translocation, (t)(4;14), results in high-risk MM with limited treatment alternatives. Thus, there is an urgent need for identification and validation of potential treatments for this MM subtype. Microarray data and sequencing information from public databases could offer opportunities for the discovery of new diagnostic or therapeutic targets. AIM To elucidate the molecular basis and search for potential effective drugs of t(4;14) MM subtype by employing a comprehensive approach. METHODS The transcriptional signature of t(4;14) MM was sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Two datasets, GSE16558 and GSE116294, which included 17 and 15 t(4;14) MM bone marrow samples, and five and four normal bone marrow samples, respectively. After the differentially expressed genes were identified, the Cytohubba tool was used to screen for hub genes. Then, the hub genes were analyzed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Using the STRING database and Cytoscape, protein-protein interaction networks and core targets were identified. Potential small-molecule drugs were identified and validated using the Connectivity Map database and molecular docking analysis, respectively. RESULTS In this study, a total of 258 differentially expressed genes with enriched functions in cancer pathways, namely cytokine receptor interactions, nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and Hippo signaling pathway, were identified. Ten hub genes (cd45, vcam1, ccl3, cd56, app, cd48, btk, ccr2, cybb, and cxcl12) were identified. Nine drugs, including ivermectin, deforolimus, and isoliquiritigenin, were predicted by the Connectivity Map database to have potential therapeutic effects on t (4;14) MM. In molecular docking, ivermectin showed strong binding affinity to all 10 identified targets, especially cd45 and cybb. Ivermectin inhibited t(4;14) MM cell growth via the NF-κB pathway and induced MM cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, ivermectin increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in t(4;14) MM cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the findings offer valuable molecular insights for biomarker validation and potential drug development in t(4;14) MM diagnosis and treatment, with ivermectin emerging as a potential therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Yi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li-Zhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xue-Chun Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Tang Z, Zhong MC, Qian J, Galindo CC, Davidson D, Li J, Zhao Y, Hui E, Veillette A. CD47 masks pro-phagocytic ligands in cis on tumor cells to suppress antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2032-2041. [PMID: 37945822 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often overexpress CD47, which triggers the inhibitory receptor SIRPα expressed on macrophages, to elude phagocytosis and antitumor immunity. Pharmacological blockade of CD47 or SIRPα is showing promise as anticancer therapy, although CD47 blockade has been associated with hematological toxicities that may reflect its broad expression pattern on normal cells. Here we found that, in addition to triggering SIRPα, CD47 suppressed phagocytosis by a SIRPα-independent mechanism. This mechanism prevented phagocytosis initiated by the pro-phagocytic ligand, SLAMF7, on tumor cells, due to a cis interaction between CD47 and SLAMF7. The CD47-SLAMF7 interaction was disrupted by CD47 blockade and by a first-in-class agonist SLAMF7 antibody, but not by SIRPα blockade, thereby promoting antitumor immunity. Hence, CD47 suppresses phagocytosis not only by engaging SIRPα, but also by masking cell-intrinsic pro-phagocytic ligands on tumor cells and knowledge of this mechanism may influence the decision between CD47 blockade or SIRPα blockade for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cristian Camilo Galindo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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5
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Huizing GJ, Deutschmann IM, Peyré G, Cantini L. Paired single-cell multi-omics data integration with Mowgli. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7711. [PMID: 38001063 PMCID: PMC10673889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The profiling of multiple molecular layers from the same set of cells has recently become possible. There is thus a growing need for multi-view learning methods able to jointly analyze these data. We here present Multi-Omics Wasserstein inteGrative anaLysIs (Mowgli), a novel method for the integration of paired multi-omics data with any type and number of omics. Of note, Mowgli combines integrative Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Optimal Transport, enhancing at the same time the clustering performance and interpretability of integrative Nonnegative Matrix Factorization. We apply Mowgli to multiple paired single-cell multi-omics data profiled with 10X Multiome, CITE-seq, and TEA-seq. Our in-depth benchmark demonstrates that Mowgli's performance is competitive with the state-of-the-art in cell clustering and superior to the state-of-the-art once considering biological interpretability. Mowgli is implemented as a Python package seamlessly integrated within the scverse ecosystem and it is available at http://github.com/cantinilab/mowgli .
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Huizing
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Machine Learning for Integrative Genomics Group, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ina Maria Deutschmann
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Peyré
- CNRS and DMA de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laura Cantini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Machine Learning for Integrative Genomics Group, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
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Tojjari A, Giles FJ, Vilbert M, Saeed A, Cavalcante L. SLAM Modification as an Immune-Modulatory Therapeutic Approach in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4808. [PMID: 37835502 PMCID: PMC10571764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of oncology, the Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family is emerging as pivotal in modulating immune responses within tumor environments. The SLAM family comprises nine receptors, mainly found on immune cell surfaces. These receptors play complex roles in the interaction between cancer and the host immune system. Research suggests SLAM's role in both enhancing and dampening tumor-immune responses, influencing the progression and treatment outcomes of various cancers. As immunotherapy advances, resistance remains an issue. The nuanced roles of the SLAM family might provide answers. With the rise in technologies like single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced imaging, there is potential for precise SLAM-targeted treatments. This review stresses patient safety, the importance of thorough clinical trials, and the potential of SLAM-focused therapies to transform cancer care. In summary, SLAM's role in oncology signals a new direction for more tailored and adaptable cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.V.)
| | | | - Maysa Vilbert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.V.)
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Choe U, Pham Q, Kim YS, Yu L, Wang TTY. Identification and elucidation of cross talk between SLAM Family Member 7 (SLAMF7) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11007. [PMID: 37420084 PMCID: PMC10329007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To further elucidate the expression, regulation and function of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) protein members in human monocytes and macrophages. Un-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cell (u-THP-1) and differentiated THP-1 macrophage (d-THP-1) were used as culture models in the study. Responses of cells to the differentiation agents phorbol ester (25 ng/ml) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) ligands were assessed. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine mRNA and protein level. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels and phagocytosis were used as functional markers. Data analyzed using t-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. SLAMFs were differentially expressed in THP-1 cells. Differentiation of u-THP-1 to d-THP-1 led to significantly higher SLAMF7 mRNA and protein levels than other SLAMF. In addition, TLR stimuli increased SLAMF7 mRNA expression but not protein expression. Importantly, SLAMF7 agonist antibody and TLR ligands synergistically increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no effect on phagocytosis. SLAMF7 knocked-down in d-THP-1 significantly lowered TLR-induced mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory markers. SLAM family proteins are differentially regulated by differentiation and TLRs. SLAMF7 enhanced TLR-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and macrophages but not phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Young S Kim
- Cancer Prevention Science Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Farhangnia P, Ghomi SM, Mollazadehghomi S, Nickho H, Akbarpour M, Delbandi AA. SLAM-family receptors come of age as a potential molecular target in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174138. [PMID: 37251372 PMCID: PMC10213746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors were discovered in immune cells for the first time. The SLAM-family receptors are a significant player in cytotoxicity, humoral immune responses, autoimmune diseases, lymphocyte development, cell survival, and cell adhesion. There is growing evidence that SLAM-family receptors have been involved in cancer progression and heralded as a novel immune checkpoint on T cells. Previous studies have reported the role of SLAMs in tumor immunity in various cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreas, lung, and melanoma. Evidence has deciphered that the SLAM-family receptors may be targeted for cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding in this regard is not complete. This review will discuss the role of SLAM-family receptors in cancer immunotherapy. It will also provide an update on recent advances in SLAM-based targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Mollazadeh Ghomi
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mollazadehghomi
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Li M, Lao J, Tang H, Ming S, Wu M, Gong S, Li L, Liu L, Huang X. SLAMF7 regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:150224. [PMID: 36749634 PMCID: PMC10014109 DOI: 10.1172/jci150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation occurred in sepsis results in multiple organ injuries and shock, which contributes to the death of patients with sepsis. However, the regulatory mechanisms that restrict excessive inflammation are still elusive. Here, we identified an Ig-like receptor called signaling lymphocyte activation molecular family 7 (SLAMF7) as a key suppressor of inflammation during sepsis. We found that the expression of SLAMF7 on monocytes/macrophages was significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and in septic mice. SLAMF7 attenuated TLR-dependent MAPK and NF-κB signaling activation in macrophages by cooperating with Src homology 2-containing inositol-5'‑phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). Furthermore, SLAMF7 interacted with SHIP1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to inhibit K63 ubiquitination of TRAF6. In addition, we found that tyrosine phosphorylation sites within the intracellular domain of SLAMF7 and the phosphatase domain of SHIP1 were indispensable for the interaction between SLAMF7, SHIP1, and TRAF6 and SLAMF7-mediated modulation of cytokine production. Finally, we demonstrated that SLAMF7 protected against lethal sepsis and endotoxemia by downregulating macrophage proinflammatory cytokines and suppressing inflammation-induced organ damage. Taken together, our findings reveal a negative regulatory role of SLAMF7 in polymicrobial sepsis, thus providing sights into the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaohua Wang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miao Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juanfeng Lao
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huishu Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Ming
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linhai Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Qian Y, Yang T, Liang H, Deng M. Myeloid checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2022; 34:460-482. [PMID: 36398127 PMCID: PMC9646457 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid checkpoints are receptors on the myeloid cell surface which can mediate inhibitory signals to modulate anti-tumor immune activities. They can either inhibit cellular phagocytosis or suppress T cells and are thus involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the tumor microenvironment, besides killing tumor cells by phagocytosis or activating anti-tumor immunity by tumor antigen presentation, myeloid cells could execute pro-tumor efficacies through myeloid checkpoints by interacting with counter-receptors on other immune cells or cancer cells. In summary, myeloid checkpoints may be promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Qian
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100142, China
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11
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Preston SEJ, Emond A, Pettersson F, Dupéré-Richer D, Abraham MJ, Riva A, Kinal M, Rys RN, Johnson NA, Mann KK, del Rincón SV, Licht JD, Miller WH. Acquired Resistance to EZH2 Inhibitor GSK343 Promotes the Differentiation of Human DLBCL Cell Lines toward an ABC-Like Phenotype. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:511-521. [PMID: 35086959 PMCID: PMC8983450 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for 40% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 30% to 40% of patients will succumb to relapsed/refractory disease (rrDLBCL). Patients with rrDLBCL generally have low long-term survival rates due to a lack of efficient salvage therapies. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the histone methyltransferase EZH2 represent an emerging group of novel therapeutics that show promising clinical efficacy in patients with rrDLBCL. The mechanisms that control acquired resistance to this class of targeted therapies, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a model of resistance to the EZH2 inhibitor (EZH2i) GSK343 and use RNA-seq data and in vitro investigation to show that GCB (germinal center B-cell)-DLBCL cell lines with acquired drug resistance differentiate toward an ABC (activated B-cell)-DLBCL phenotype. We further observe that the development of resistance to GSK343 is sufficient to induce cross-resistance to other EZH2i. Notably, we identify the immune receptor SLAMF7 as upregulated in EZH2i-resistant cells, using chromatin immunoprecipitation profiling to uncover the changes in chromatin landscape remodeling that permit this altered gene expression. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unreported response to the development of EZH2i resistance in DLBCL, while providing strong rationale for pursuing investigation of dual-targeting of EZH2 and SLAMF7 in rrDLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E J Preston
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Filippa Pettersson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daphné Dupéré-Richer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Florida Health Cancer Centre, Florida, USA
| | - Madelyn Jean Abraham
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alberto Riva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Mena Kinal
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan N Rys
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia V del Rincón
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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13
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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14
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Yashar D, Spektor TM, Martinez D, Ghermezi M, Swift RA, Eades B, Schwartz G, Eshaghian S, Lim S, Vescio R, Berenson JR. A phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone for high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:975-983. [PMID: 34818965 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2005044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High-risk multiple myeloma (MM) continues to have a poor prognosis and remains a therapeutic challenge. This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, carfilzomib, and low-dose dexamethasone for patients with high-risk relapsed/refractory (RR)MM (NCT03104270). Of 13 enrolled patients, 11 were evaluable for efficacy. Overall response rate and clinical benefit rate were 45.4% and 54.5%, respectively. Deep responses were observed including two complete responses. The novel quadruplet combination was overall well-tolerated, with clinically manageable adverse events. Common adverse events of ≥ grade 3 included lymphopenia (15%), anemia (15%), sepsis (15%), pneumonia (15%), and hypophosphatemia (15%). The novel combination showed promising efficacy and was well tolerated in this heavily pretreated MM population. Even though the study was terminated early prior to completion of enrollment, the results indicate that this may be a promising therapeutic approach for high-risk RRMM patients, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yashar
- Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA.,Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Carson, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Schwartz
- James R. Berenson, MD, Inc., West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Lim
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Vescio
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James R Berenson
- Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, CA, USA.,Oncotherapeutics, West Hollywood, CA, USA.,James R. Berenson, MD, Inc., West Hollywood, CA, USA
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15
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Romano A, Storti P, Marchica V, Scandura G, Notarfranchi L, Craviotto L, Di Raimondo F, Giuliani N. Mechanisms of Action of the New Antibodies in Use in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684561. [PMID: 34307150 PMCID: PMC8297441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against antigen-specific of multiple myeloma (MM) cells have Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), but the choice of the antigen is crucial for the development of effective immuno-therapy in MM. Recently new immunotherapeutic options in MM patients have been developed against different myeloma-related antigens as drug conjugate-antibody, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. In this review, we will highlight the mechanism of action of immuno-therapy currently available in clinical practice to target CD38, SLAMF7, and BCMA, focusing on the biological role of the targets and on mechanisms of actions of the different immunotherapeutic approaches underlying their advantages and disadvantages with critical review of the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Craviotto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- U.O.C. Ematologia, A.O.U. Policlinico–San Marco, Catania, Italy
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16
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Mitsiades CS. Biological and Translational Considerations regarding the Recent Therapeutic Successes and Upcoming Challenges for Multiple Myeloma. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a034900. [PMID: 32928892 PMCID: PMC8247558 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Even though multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered incurable, the therapeutic management of this disease has undergone a major transformation over the last two decades, with several new classes of therapeutics and diverse options for their combined use in many different regimens that have contributed to major improvement in overall survival of patients. This review discusses key themes underlying the pharmacological and immune-based therapies that represent the cornerstones of this progress. A major part of the clinical progress achieved by these classes' therapeutics has depended on the targeting of molecular pathways with distinct or preferential roles for the biology of plasma cells-normal or malignant-and the ability of many of these agents to be incorporated into combination regimens that exhibit enhanced antimyeloma responses, without precipitating acceptable levels of toxicity. This review also discusses why these advances have not yet translated into curative outcomes and how these remaining barriers could be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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17
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Christiansen C, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Domingo-Relloso A, Zhao W, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Tsai PC, Maddock J, Haack K, Cole SA, Kardia SLR, Molokhia M, Suderman M, Power C, Relton C, Wong A, Kuh D, Goodman A, Small KS, Smith JA, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Ploubidis GB, Hardy R, Bell JT. Novel DNA methylation signatures of tobacco smoking with trans-ethnic effects. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 33593402 PMCID: PMC7888173 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of death. Smoking leaves a strong signature on the blood methylome as shown in multiple studies using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Here, we explore novel blood methylation smoking signals on the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) array, which also targets novel CpG-sites in enhancers. METHOD A smoking-methylation meta-analysis was carried out using EPIC DNA methylation profiles in 1407 blood samples from four UK population-based cohorts, including the MRC National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD) or 1946 British birth cohort, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) or 1958 birth cohort, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the TwinsUK cohort (TwinsUK). The overall discovery sample included 269 current, 497 former, and 643 never smokers. Replication was pursued in 3425 trans-ethnic samples, including 2325 American Indian individuals participating in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) in 1989-1991 and 1100 African-American participants in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study (GENOA). RESULTS Altogether 952 CpG-sites in 500 genes were differentially methylated between smokers and never smokers after Bonferroni correction. There were 526 novel smoking-associated CpG-sites only profiled by the EPIC array, of which 486 (92%) replicated in a meta-analysis of the American Indian and African-American samples. Novel CpG sites mapped both to genes containing previously identified smoking-methylation signals and to 80 novel genes not previously linked to smoking, with the strongest novel signal in SLAMF7. Comparison of former versus never smokers identified that 37 of these sites were persistently differentially methylated after cessation, where 16 represented novel signals only profiled by the EPIC array. We observed a depletion of smoking-associated signals in CpG islands and an enrichment in enhancer regions, consistent with previous results. CONCLUSION This study identified novel smoking-associated signals as possible biomarkers of exposure to smoking and may help improve our understanding of smoking-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - A Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J S El-Sayed Moustafa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P-C Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - J Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Molokhia
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - K S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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18
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Danhof S, Rasche L, Mottok A, Steinmüller T, Zhou X, Schreder M, Kilian T, Strifler S, Rosenwald A, Hudecek M, Einsele H, Gerhard-Hartmann E. Elotuzumab for the treatment of extramedullary myeloma: a retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy and SLAMF7 expression patterns. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:1537-1546. [PMID: 33575947 PMCID: PMC8116297 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) represents a high-risk state of multiple myeloma (MM) associated with poor prognosis. While most anti-myeloma therapeutics demonstrate limited efficacy in this setting, some studies exploring the utility of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells reported promising results. We have recently designed SLAMF7-directed CAR T cells for the treatment of MM. SLAMF7 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on myeloma cells that plays a role in myeloma cell homing to the bone marrow. Currently, the only approved anti-SLAMF7 therapeutic is the monoclonal antibody elotuzumab, but its efficacy in EMD has not been investigated thoroughly. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of elotuzumab-based combination therapy in a cohort of 15 patients with EMD. Moreover, since the presence of the target antigen is an indispensable prerequisite for effective targeted therapy, we investigated the SLAMF7 expression on extramedullary located tumor cells before and after treatment. We observed limited efficacy of elotuzumab-based combination therapies, with an overall response rate of 40% and a progression-free and overall survival of 3.8 and 12.9 months, respectively. Before treatment initiation, all available EMD tissue specimens (n = 3) demonstrated a strong and consistent SLAMF7 surface expression by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, to investigate a potential antigen reduction under therapeutic selection pressure, we analyzed samples of de novo EMD (n = 3) outgrown during elotuzumab treatment. Again, immunohistochemistry documented strong and consistent SLAMF7 expression in all samples. In aggregate, our data point towards a retained expression of SLAMF7 in EMD and encourage the development of more potent SLAMF7-directed immunotherapies, such as CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Danhof
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schreder
- First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology and Hematology, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Kilian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Strifler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Cachot A, Bilous M, Liu YC, Li X, Saillard M, Cenerenti M, Rockinger GA, Wyss T, Guillaume P, Schmidt J, Genolet R, Ercolano G, Protti MP, Reith W, Ioannidou K, de Leval L, Trapani JA, Coukos G, Harari A, Speiser DE, Mathis A, Gfeller D, Altug H, Romero P, Jandus C. Tumor-specific cytolytic CD4 T cells mediate immunity against human cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/9/eabe3348. [PMID: 33637530 PMCID: PMC7909889 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells have been implicated in cancer immunity for their helper functions. Moreover, their direct cytotoxic potential has been shown in some patients with cancer. Here, by mining single-cell RNA-seq datasets, we identified CD4 T cell clusters displaying cytotoxic phenotypes in different human cancers, resembling CD8 T cell profiles. Using the peptide-MHCII-multimer technology, we confirmed ex vivo the presence of cytolytic tumor-specific CD4 T cells. We performed an integrated phenotypic and functional characterization of these cells, down to the single-cell level, through a high-throughput nanobiochip consisting of massive arrays of picowells and machine learning. We demonstrated a direct, contact-, and granzyme-dependent cytotoxic activity against tumors, with delayed kinetics compared to classical cytotoxic lymphocytes. Last, we found that this cytotoxic activity was in part dependent on SLAMF7. Agonistic engagement of SLAMF7 enhanced cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CD4 T cells, suggesting that targeting these cells might prove synergistic with other cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cachot
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Mariia Bilous
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Saillard
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Georg Alexander Rockinger
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Genolet
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pia Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathis
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Center for Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1066, Switzerland
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20
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Immune Functions of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Molecules in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020279. [PMID: 33451089 PMCID: PMC7828503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by an increase in abnormal plasma cells. Disease progression, drug resistance, and immunosuppression in MM are associated with immune-related molecules, such as immune checkpoint and co-stimulatory molecules, present in the tumor microenvironment. Novel agents targeting these cell-surface molecules are currently under development, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, and chimera antigen receptor T-cell therapies. In this review, we focus on the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors and provide an overview of their biological functions and novel therapies in MM. Abstract The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors are expressed on various immune cells and malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In immune cells, most SLAM family molecules bind to themselves to transmit co-stimulatory signals through the recruiting adaptor proteins SLAM-associated protein (SAP) or Ewing’s sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2), which target immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs in the cytoplasmic regions of the receptors. Notably, SLAMF2, SLAMF3, SLAMF6, and SLAMF7 are strongly and constitutively expressed on MM cells that do not express the adaptor proteins SAP and EAT-2. This review summarizes recent studies on the expression and biological functions of SLAM family receptors during the malignant progression of MM and the resulting preclinical and clinical research involving four SLAM family receptors. A better understanding of the relationship between SLAM family receptors and MM disease progression may lead to the development of novel immunotherapies for relapse prevention.
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21
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Khunger A, Piazza E, Warren S, Smith TH, Ren X, White A, Elliott N, Cesano A, Beechem JM, Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA. CTLA-4 blockade and interferon-α induce proinflammatory transcriptional changes in the tumor immune landscape that correlate with pathologic response in melanoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245287. [PMID: 33428680 PMCID: PMC7799833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally/regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy with high-dose interferon α-2b (HDI) and ipilimumab in a phase I clinical trial. Tumor specimens were obtained prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy, at the time of surgery and progression if available. In this study, gene expression profiles of tumor specimens (N = 27) were investigated using the NanoString nCounter® platform to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes (pathologic response, radiologic response, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS)) and define biomarkers associated with tumor response. The Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS), an 18-gene signature that enriches for response to Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade, was also evaluated for association with clinical response and survival. It was observed that neoadjuvant ipilimumab-HDI therapy demonstrated an upregulation of immune-related genes, chemokines, and transcription regulator genes involved in immune cell activation, function, or cell proliferation. Importantly, increased expression of baseline pro-inflammatory genes CCL19, CD3D, CD8A, CD22, LY9, IL12RB1, C1S, C7, AMICA1, TIAM1, TIGIT, THY1 was associated with longer OS (p < 0.05). In addition, multiple genes that encode a component or a regulator of the extracellular matrix such as MMP2 and COL1A2 were identified post-treatment as being associated with longer RFS and OS. In all baseline tissues, high TIS scores were associated with longer OS (p = 0.0166). Also, downregulated expression of cell proliferation-related genes such as CUL1, CCND1 and AAMP at baseline was associated with pathological and radiological response (unadjusted p < 0.01). In conclusion, we identified numerous genes that play roles in multiple biological pathways involved in immune activation, immune suppression and cell proliferation correlating with pathological/radiological responses following neoadjuvant immunotherapy highlighting the complexity of immune responses modulated by immunotherapy. Our observations suggest that TIS may be a useful biomarker for predicting survival outcomes with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khunger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Hospital West, Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Piazza
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Smith
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xing Ren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew White
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan Elliott
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Cesano
- ESSA Pharma, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Beechem
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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O'Connell P, Hyslop S, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAMF7 Signaling Reprograms T Cells toward Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:193-205. [PMID: 33288545 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion represents one of the most pervasive strategies tumors employ to circumvent the immune system. Although repetitive, cognate TCR signaling is recognized as the primary driving force behind this phenomenon, and it remains unknown what other forces drive T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we show that activation of the self-ligand SLAMF7 immune receptor on T cells induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, and transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that SLAMF7 transcript levels were strongly correlated with various inhibitory receptors and that high SLAMF7 expression was indicative of poor survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Targeted reanalysis of a CyTOF dataset, which profiled the TME in 73 ccRCC patients, revealed cell-type-specific SLAMF7 expression patterns, strong correlations between exhausted T cells and SLAMF7+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and a unique subset of SLAMF7highCD38high TAMs. These SLAMF7highCD38high TAMs showed the strongest correlations with exhausted T cells and were an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC. Confirmatory ex vivo coculture studies validated that SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions between murine TAMs and CD8+ T cells induce expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Finally, mice lacking SLAMF7 show restricted growth of B16-F10 tumors, and CD8+ T cells from these mice express less PD-1 and TOX and exhibited an impaired ability to progress through the exhaustion developmental trajectory to terminal exhaustion. These findings suggest that SLAMF7 might play an important role in modulating T cell function in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Sean Hyslop
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
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23
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Abdollahi P, Köhn M, Børset M. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:105-113. [PMID: 33290866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many cell signaling pathways are activated or deactivated by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, catalyzed by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), respectively. Even though PTPs are as important as PTKs in this process, their role has been neglected for a long time. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells, which is characterized by production of monoclonal immunoglobulin, anemia and destruction of bone. MM is still incurable with high relapse frequency after treatment. In this review, we highlight the PTPs that were previously described in MM or have a role that can be relevant in a myeloma context. Our purpose is to show that despite the importance of PTPs in MM pathogenesis, many unanswered questions in this field need to be addressed. This might help to detect novel treatment strategies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maja Köhn
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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24
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Chakraborty A, Staudinger C, King SL, Erickson FC, Lau LS, Bernasconi A, Luscinskas FW, Perlyn C, Dimitroff CJ. Galectin-9 bridges human B cells to vascular endothelium while programming regulatory pathways. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102575. [PMID: 33285511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is reliant on efficient recruitment of circulating naïve B cells from blood into peripheral lymph nodes (LN) and timely transition of naive B cells to high affinity antibody (Ab)-producing cells. Current understanding of factor(s) coordinating B cell adhesion, activation and differentiation within LN, however, is incomplete. Prior studies on naïve B cells reveal remarkably strong binding to putative immunoregulator, galectin (Gal)-9, that attenuates BCR activation and signaling, implicating Gal-9 as a negative regulator in B cell biology. Here, we investigated Gal-9 localization in human tonsils and LNs and unearthed conspicuously high expression of Gal-9 on high endothelial and post-capillary venules. Adhesion analyses showed that Gal-9 can bridge human circulating and naïve B cells to vascular endothelial cells (EC), while decelerating transendothelial migration. Moreover, Gal-9 interactions with naïve B cells induced global transcription of gene families related to regulation of cell signaling and membrane/cytoskeletal dynamics. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7) was among key immunoregulators elevated by Gal-9-binding, while SLAMF7's cytosolic adapter EAT-2, which is required for cell activation, was eliminated. Gal-9 also activated phosphorylation of pro-survival factor, ERK. Together, these data suggest that Gal-9 promotes B cell - EC interactions while delivering anergic signals to control B cell reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmi Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Sandra L King
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frances Clemente Erickson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Angela Bernasconi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Research Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chad Perlyn
- Department of Surgery, Nicholas Children's Hospital, Division of Plastic Surgery, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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25
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Suzuki A, Kakugawa S, Miyoshi M, Hori M, Suzuki K, Furukawa Y, Ohta K. Soluble SLAMF7 is a predictive biomarker for elotuzumab therapy. Leukemia 2020; 34:3088-3090. [PMID: 32398792 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitsuo Hori
- Department of Hematology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ohta
- Hematology Ohta Clinic, Shinsaibashi, Osaka, Japan
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26
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O’Connell P, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAM Family Receptor Signaling in Viral Infections: HIV and Beyond. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E184. [PMID: 31744090 PMCID: PMC6963180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors are expressed on the majority of immune cells. These receptors often serve as self-ligands, and play important roles in cellular communication and adhesion, thus modulating immune responses. SLAM family receptor signaling is differentially regulated in various immune cell types, with responses generally being determined by the presence or absence of two SLAM family adaptor proteins-Ewing's sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2) and SLAM-associated adaptor protein (SAP). In addition to serving as direct regulators of the immune system, certain SLAM family members have also been identified as direct targets for specific microbes and viruses. Here, we will discuss the known roles for these receptors in the setting of viral infection, with special emphasis placed on HIV infection. Because HIV causes such complex dysregulation of the immune system, studies of the roles for SLAM family receptors in this context are particularly exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
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27
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Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Gavriatopoulou M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:921-928. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1685879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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28
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Successful Retreatment with Elotuzumab for Multiple Myeloma with Extramedullary Relapse while Being Treated with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1993-1995. [PMID: 31440905 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Pazina T, James AM, Colby KB, Yang Y, Gale A, Jhatakia A, Kearney AY, Graziano RF, Bezman NA, Robbins MD, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1633-1646. [PMID: 31431433 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. By engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16), Elo promotes potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) toward SLAMF7+ MM tumor cells. Relapsed/refractory MM patients treated with the combination of Elo, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone have improved progression-free survival. We previously showed that Elo enhances NK cell activity via a costimulation mechanism, independent of CD16 binding. Here, we further studied the effect of Elo on cytotoxicity of CD16-negative NK-92 cells. Elo, but not other SLAMF7 antibodies, uniquely enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by CD16-negative NK-92 cells toward SLAMF7+ target cells. Furthermore, this CD16-independent enhancement of cytotoxicity required expression of SLAMF7 containing the full cytoplasmic domain in the NK cells, implicating costimulatory signaling. The CD16-independent costimulation by Elo was associated with increased expression of NKG2D, ICAM-1, and activated LFA-1 on NK cells, and enhanced cytotoxicity was partially reduced by NKG2D blocking antibodies. In addition, an Fc mutant form of Elo that cannot bind CD16 promoted cytotoxicity of SLAMF7+ target cells by NK cells from most healthy donors, especially if previously cultured in IL2. We conclude that in addition to promoting NK cell-mediated ADCC (CD16-dependent) responses, Elo promoted SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions in a CD16-independent manner to enhance NK cytotoxicity toward MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine," St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashley M James
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly B Colby
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Gale
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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30
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Soluble SLAMF7 promotes the growth of myeloma cells via homophilic interaction with surface SLAMF7. Leukemia 2019; 34:180-195. [PMID: 31358854 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SLAMF7 is expressed mainly on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and considered an ideal target for immunotherapeutic approaches. Indeed, elotuzumab, an anti-SLAMF7 antibody, is used for the treatment of MM in combination with immunomodulatory drugs. SLAMF7 is cleaved via unknown mechanisms and detected as a soluble form (sSLAMF7) exclusively in the serum of MM patients; however, little is known about the role of sSLAMF7 in MM biology. In this study, we found that sSLAMF7 enhanced the growth of MM cells via homophilic interaction with surface SLAMF7 and subsequent activation of the SHP-2 and ERK signaling pathways. Elotuzumab suppressed sSLAMF7-induced MM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Promoter analyses identified IKZF1 (Ikaros) as a pivotal transcriptional activator of the SLAMF7 gene. Pharmacological targeting of Ikaros by lenalidomide and its analog pomalidomide downregulated SLAMF7 expression and ameliorated the response of MM cells to sSLAMF7. Elotuzumab blocked the growth-promoting function of sSLAMF7 when combined with lenalidomide in a murine xenograft model. Neutralization of sSLAMF7 is a novel antimyeloma mechanism of elotuzumab, which is enhanced by immunomodulatory drugs via downregulation of surface SLAMF7 expression on MM cells. These findings may provide important information for the optimal use of elotuzumab in MM treatment.
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31
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O'Connell P, Pepelyayeva Y, Blake MK, Hyslop S, Crawford RB, Rizzo MD, Pereira-Hicks C, Godbehere S, Dale L, Gulick P, Kaminski NE, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAMF7 Is a Critical Negative Regulator of IFN-α-Mediated CXCL10 Production in Chronic HIV Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:228-238. [PMID: 30530590 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Current advances in combined antiretroviral therapy have rendered HIV infection a chronic, manageable disease; however, the problem of persistent immune activation still remains despite treatment. The immune cell receptor SLAMF7 has been shown to be upregulated in diseases characterized by chronic immune activation. In this study, we studied the function of the SLAMF7 receptor in immune cells of HIV patients and the impacts of SLAMF7 signaling on peripheral immune activation. We observed increased frequencies of SLAMF7+ PBMCs in HIV+ individuals in a clinical phenotype-dependent manner, with discordant and long-term nonprogressor patients showing elevated SLAMF7 levels, and elite controllers showing levels comparable to healthy controls. We also noted that SLAMF7 was sensitive to IFN-⍺ stimulation, a factor elevated during HIV infection. Further studies revealed SLAMF7 to be a potent inhibitor of the monocyte-derived proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10) and other CXCR3 ligands, except in a subset of HIV+ patients termed SLAMF7 silent (SF7S). Studies utilizing small molecule inhibitors revealed that the mechanism of CXCL10 inhibition is independent of known SLAMF7 binding partners. Furthermore, we determined that SLAMF7 activation on monocytes is able to decrease their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro via downregulation of CCR5 and upregulation of the CCL3L1 chemokine. Finally, we discovered that neutrophils do not express SLAMF7, are CXCL10+ at baseline, are able to secrete CXCL10 in response to IFN-⍺ and LPS, and are nonresponsive to SLAMF7 signaling. These findings implicate the SLAMF7 receptor as an important regulator of IFN-⍺-driven innate immune responses during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Yuliya Pepelyayeva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Sean Hyslop
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Robert B Crawford
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Michael D Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Cristiane Pereira-Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Linda Dale
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Peter Gulick
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; .,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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32
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Campbell KS, Cohen AD, Pazina T. Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation and Clinical Activity of the Therapeutic SLAMF7 Antibody, Elotuzumab in Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2551. [PMID: 30455698 PMCID: PMC6230619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow plasma cell neoplasm and is the second most-common hematologic malignancy. Despite advances in therapy, MM remains largely incurable. Elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7, which is highly expressed on myeloma cells, and the antibody is approved for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory (RR) MM in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Elotuzumab can stimulate robust antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16) on NK cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Interestingly, SLAMF7 is also expressed on cytolytic NK cells, which also express the requisite adaptor protein, EAT-2, to mediate activation signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that antibody crosslinking of SLAMF7 on human and mouse NK cells can stimulate EAT-2-dependent activation of PLCγ, ERK, and intracellular calcium mobilization. The binding of SLAMF7 by elotuzumab can directly induce signal transduction in human NK cells, including co-stimulation of the calcium signaling triggered through other surface receptors, such as NKp46 and NKG2D. In RRMM patients, elotuzumab monotherapy did not produce objective responses, but did enhance the activity of approved standard of care therapies, including lenalidomide or bortezomib, which are known to enhance anti-tumor responses by NK cells. Taken together, these preclinical results and accumulating experience in the clinic provide compelling evidence that the mechanism of action of elotuzumab in MM patients involves the activation of NK cells through both CD16-mediated ADCC and direct co-stimulation via engagement with SLAMF7, as well as promoting ADCP by macrophages. We review the current understanding of how elotuzumab utilizes multiple mechanisms to facilitate immune-mediated attack of myeloma cells, as well as outline goals for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
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33
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Kurdi AT, Glavey SV, Bezman NA, Jhatakia A, Guerriero JL, Manier S, Moschetta M, Mishima Y, Roccaro A, Detappe A, Liu CJ, Sacco A, Huynh D, Tai YT, Robbins MD, Azzi J, Ghobrial IM. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis by Macrophages is a Novel Mechanism of Action of Elotuzumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1454-1463. [PMID: 29654064 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elotuzumab, a recently approved antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma, has been shown to stimulate Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells toward myeloma cells. The modulatory effects of elotuzumab on other effector cells in the tumor microenvironment, however, has not been fully explored. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is a mechanism by which macrophages contribute to antitumor potency of monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we studied the NK cell independent effect of elotuzumab on tumor-associated macrophages using a xenograft tumor model deficient in NK and adaptive immune cells. We demonstrate significant antitumor efficacy of single-agent elotuzumab in immunocompromised xenograft models of multiple myeloma, which is in part mediated by Fc-FcγR interaction of elotuzumab with macrophages. Elotuzumab is shown in this study to induce phenotypic activation of macrophages in vivo and mediates ADCP of myeloma cells though a FcγR-dependent manner in vitro Together, these findings propose a novel immune-mediated mechanism by which elotuzumab exerts anti-myeloma activity and helps to provide rationale for combination therapies that can enhance macrophage activity. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1454-63. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T Kurdi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siobhan V Glavey
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Salomon Manier
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aldo Roccaro
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, Laboratorio CREA, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, Laboratorio CREA, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Daisy Huynh
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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34
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Driscoll JJ, Brailey M. Emerging small molecule approaches to enhance the antimyeloma benefit of proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:585-598. [PMID: 29052093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy which, despite recent treatment advances, remains incurable in the vast majority of the over 118,000 patients in the USA afflicted with this disease. Treatment of MM has dramatically improved in the past decade with the introduction of new drugs into therapeutic strategies in both the frontline and relapse settings that has led to a significant improvement in the median overall survival (OS). These drugs have been incorporated into clinical guidelines and transformed the treatment approach to MM. Numerous classes of antimyeloma agents, i.e., alkylators, steroids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, deactylase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are now FDA-approved and can be combined in doublet or triplet regimens. Moreover, many patients do not respond to therapy and those that do eventually relapse. Emerging therapies that may overcome drug resistance and improve MM treatment include that inhibit regulatory and Ub-processing components of the proteasome, a specialized variant of the proteasome known as the immunoproteasome, proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACS and Degronomids). Emerging strategies also include accessory plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells. Advances in understanding proteasome and plasma cell biology may allow for earlier treatment of MM patients using rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Magen Brailey
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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35
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Dehghanifard A, Kaviani S, Abroun S, Mehdizadeh M, Saiedi S, Maali A, Ghaffari S, Azad M. Various Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Effects of Treatment on These Pathways. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:311-320. [PMID: 29606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) results from malignancy in plasma cells and occurs at ages > 50 years. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which constitutes 1% of all malignancies. Despite the great advances in the discovery of useful drugs for this disease such as dexamethasone and bortezomib, it is still an incurable malignancy owing to the development of drug resistance. The tumor cells develop resistance to apoptosis, resulting in greater cell survival, and, ultimately, develop drug resistance by changing the various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have reviewed the different signaling pathways in MM cells. We reached the conclusion that the most important factor in the drug resistance in MM patients is caused by the bone marrow microenvironment with production of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Binding of tumor cells to stromal cells prompts cytokine production of stromal cells and launches various signaling pathways such as Janus-activated kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT, and NF-KB, which ultimately lead to the high survival rate and drug resistance in tumor cells. Thus, combining various drugs such as bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, and melphalan with compounds that are not common, including CTY387, LLL-12, OPB31121, CNTO328, OSI-906, FTY720, triptolide, and AV-65, could be one of the most effective treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghanifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajedeh Saiedi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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36
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Vendelova E, Ashour D, Blank P, Erhard F, Saliba AE, Kalinke U, Lutz MB. Tolerogenic Transcriptional Signatures of Steady-State and Pathogen-Induced Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541071 PMCID: PMC5835767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key directors of tolerogenic and immunogenic immune responses. During the steady state, DCs maintain T cell tolerance to self-antigens by multiple mechanisms including inducing anergy, deletion, and Treg activity. All of these mechanisms help to prevent autoimmune diseases or other hyperreactivities. Different DC subsets contribute to pathogen recognition by expression of different subsets of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors or C-type lectins. In addition to the triggering of immune responses in infected hosts, most pathogens have evolved mechanisms for evasion of targeted responses. One such strategy is characterized by adopting the host’s T cell tolerance mechanisms. Understanding these tolerogenic mechanisms is of utmost importance for therapeutic approaches to treat immune pathologies, tumors and infections. Transcriptional profiling has developed into a potent tool for DC subset identification. Here, we review and compile pathogen-induced tolerogenic transcriptional signatures from mRNA profiling data of currently available bacterial- or helminth-induced transcriptional signatures. We compare them with signatures of tolerogenic steady-state DC subtypes to identify common and divergent strategies of pathogen induced immune evasion. Candidate molecules are discussed in detail. Our analysis provides further insights into tolerogenic DC signatures and their exploitation by different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vendelova
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diyaaeldin Ashour
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Blank
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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37
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Fouquet G, Marcq I, Debuysscher V, Bayry J, Rabbind Singh A, Bengrine A, Nguyen-Khac E, Naassila M, Bouhlal H. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecules Slam and cancers: friends or foes? Oncotarget 2018; 9:16248-16262. [PMID: 29662641 PMCID: PMC5882332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecules (SLAM) family receptors are initially described in immune cells. These receptors recruit both activating and inhibitory SH2 domain containing proteins through their Immunoreceptor Tyrosine based Switch Motifs (ITSMs). Accumulating evidence suggest that the members of this family are intimately involved in different physiological and pathophysiological events such as regulation of immune responses and entry pathways of certain viruses. Recently, other functions of SLAM, principally in the pathophysiology of neoplastic transformations have also been deciphered. These new findings may prompt SLAM to be considered as new tumor markers, diagnostic tools or potential therapeutic targets for controlling the tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the major observations describing the implications and features of SLAM in oncology and discuss the therapeutic potential attributed to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fouquet
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Ingrid Marcq
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Debuysscher
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers-Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Nguyen-Khac
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France.,Service Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Hicham Bouhlal
- INSERM 1247-GRAP, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé CURS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, Amiens, France
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38
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Elotuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, with Special Reference to its Modes of Action and SLAMF7 Signaling. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29531651 PMCID: PMC5841936 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Elotuzumab, targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7), has been approved in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (ELd) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) based on the findings of the phase III randomized trial ELOQUENT-2 (NCT01239797). Four-year follow-up analyses of ELOQUENT-2 have demonstrated that progression-free survival was 21% in ELd versus 14% in Ld. Elotuzumab binds a unique epitope on the membrane IgC2 domain of SLAMF7, exhibiting a dual mechanism of action: natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and enhancement of NK cell activity. The ADCC is mediated through engagement between Fc portion of elotuzumab and FcgRIIIa/CD16 on NK cells. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity results from phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that is induced via elotuzumab binding and recruits the SLAM-associated adaptor protein EAT-2. The coupling of EAT-2 to the phospholipase Cg enzymes SH2 domain leads to enhanced Ca2+ influx and MAPK/Erk pathway activation, resulting in granule polarization and enhanced exocytosis in NK cells. Elotuzumab does not stimulate the proliferation of MM cells due to a lack of EAT-2. The inhibitory effects of elotuzumab on MM cell growth are not induced by the lack of CD45, even though SHP-2, SHP-1, SHIP-1, and Csk may be recruited to phosphorylated ITSM of SLAMF7. ELd improves PFS in patients with high-risk cytogenetics, i.e. t(4;14), del(17p), and 1q21 gain/amplification. Since the immune state is paralytic in advanced MM, the efficacy of ELd with minimal toxicity may bring forward for consideration of its use in the early stages of the disease.
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39
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Alcaraz-Serna A, Somovilla-Crespo B, Muñoz-Calleja C. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Not Just Lineage-Specific Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1936. [PMID: 29387053 PMCID: PMC5776327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a widespread and necessary tool for biomedical science. In the hematological cancer field, since rituximab became the first mAb approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, a number of effective mAbs targeting lineage-specific antigens (LSAs) have been successfully developed. Non-LSAs (NLSAs) are molecules that are not restricted to specific leukocyte subsets or tissues but play relevant pathogenic roles in blood cancers including the development, proliferation, survival, and refractoriness to therapy of tumor cells. In consequence, efforts to target NLSAs have resulted in a plethora of mAbs-marketed or in development-to achieve different goals like neutralizing oncogenic pathways, blocking tumor-related chemotactic pathways, mobilizing malignant cells from tumor microenvironment to peripheral blood, modulating immune-checkpoints, or delivering cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells. Here, we extensively review several novel mAbs directed against NLSAs undergoing clinical evaluation for treating hematological malignancies. The review focuses on the structure of these antibodies, proposed mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety profile in clinical studies, and their potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Ritchie D, Colonna M. Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Development of Elotuzumab. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 11:261-266. [PMID: 29272564 PMCID: PMC5944582 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Ritchie
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Colonna
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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41
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Sarkar S, Sabhachandani P, Ravi D, Potdar S, Purvey S, Beheshti A, Evens AM, Konry T. Dynamic Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Response at Single-Cell Resolution in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1736. [PMID: 29312292 PMCID: PMC5735063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer cells. The susceptibility of target cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity depends on the strength and balance of regulatory (activating/inhibitory) ligands expressed on target cell surface. We performed gene expression arrays to determine patterns of NK cell ligands associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (b-NHL). Microarray analyses revealed significant upregulation of a multitude of NK-activating and costimulatory ligands across varied b-NHL cell lines and primary lymphoma cells, including ULBP1, CD72, CD48, and SLAMF6. To correlate genetic signatures with functional anti-lymphoma activity, we developed a dynamic and quantitative cytotoxicity assay in an integrated microfluidic droplet generation and docking array. Individual NK cells and target lymphoma cells were co-encapsulated in picoliter-volume droplets to facilitate monitoring of transient cellular interactions and NK cell effector outcomes at single-cell level. We identified significant variability in NK-lymphoma cell contact duration, frequency, and subsequent cytolysis. Death of lymphoma cells undergoing single contact with NK cells occurred faster than cells that made multiple short contacts. NK cells also killed target cells in droplets via contact-independent mechanisms that partially relied on calcium-dependent processes and perforin secretion, but not on cytokines (interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α). We extended this technique to characterize functional heterogeneity in cytolysis of primary cells from b-NHL patients. Tumor cells from two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients showed similar contact durations with NK cells; primary Burkitt lymphoma cells made longer contacts and were lysed at later times. We also tested the cytotoxic efficacy of NK-92, a continuously growing NK cell line being investigated as an antitumor therapy, using our droplet-based bioassay. NK-92 cells were found to be more efficient in killing b-NHL cells compared with primary NK cells, requiring shorter contacts for faster killing activity. Taken together, our combined genetic and microfluidic analysis demonstrate b-NHL cell sensitivity to NK cell-based cytotoxicity, which was associated with significant heterogeneity in the dynamic interaction at single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sneha Purvey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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42
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Dhodapkar MV, Borrello I, Cohen AD, Stadtmauer EA. Hematologic Malignancies: Plasma Cell Disorders. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:561-568. [PMID: 28561703 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the growth of tumor cells in the bone marrow. Properties of the tumor microenvironment provide both potential tumor-promoting and tumor-restricting properties. Targeting underlying immune triggers for evolution of tumors as well as direct attack of malignant plasma cells is an emerging focus of therapy for MM. The monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and elotuzumab, which target the plasma cell surface proteins CD38 and SLAMF7/CS1, respectively, particularly when used in combination with immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors, have resulted in high response rates and improved survival for patients with relapsed and refractory MM. A number of other monoclonal antibodies are in various stages of clinical development, including those targeting MM cell surface antigens, the bone marrow microenvironment, and immune effector T cells such as antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 antibodies. Bispecific preparations seek to simultaneously target MM cells and activate endogenous T cells to enhance efficacy. Cellular immunotherapy seeks to overcome the limitations of the endogenous antimyeloma immune response through adoptive transfer of immune effector cells with MM specificity. Allogeneic donor lymphocyte infusion can be effective but can cause graft-versus-host disease. The most promising approach appears to be genetically modified cellular therapy, in which T cells are given novel antigen specificity through expression of transgenic T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CAR T cells against several different targets are under investigation in MM. Infusion of CD19-targeted CAR T cells following salvage autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) was safe and extended remission duration in a subset of patients with relapsed/refractory MM. CAR T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) appear most promising, with dramatic remissions seen in patients with highly refractory disease in three ongoing trials. Responses are associated with degree of CAR T-cell expansion/persistence and often toxicity, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Ongoing and future studies are exploring correlates of response, ways to mitigate toxicity, and "universal" CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V Dhodapkar
- From Yale University, New Haven, CT; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivan Borrello
- From Yale University, New Haven, CT; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam D Cohen
- From Yale University, New Haven, CT; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward A Stadtmauer
- From Yale University, New Haven, CT; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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43
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Pittari G, Vago L, Festuccia M, Bonini C, Mudawi D, Giaccone L, Bruno B. Restoring Natural Killer Cell Immunity against Multiple Myeloma in the Era of New Drugs. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1444. [PMID: 29163516 PMCID: PMC5682004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) are susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing via engagement of tumor ligands for NK activating receptors or “missing-self” recognition. Similar to other cancers, MM targets may elude NK cell immunosurveillance by reprogramming tumor microenvironment and editing cell surface antigen repertoire. Along disease continuum, these effects collectively result in a progressive decline of NK cell immunity, a phenomenon increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of MM progression. In recent years, unprecedented efforts in drug development and experimental research have brought about emergence of novel therapeutic interventions with the potential to override MM-induced NK cell immunosuppression. These NK-cell enhancing treatment strategies may be identified in two major groups: (1) immunomodulatory biologics and small molecules, namely, immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic antibodies, lenalidomide, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors and (2) NK cell therapy, namely, adoptive transfer of unmanipulated and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered NK cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms responsible for NK cell functional suppression in the context of cancer and, specifically, myeloma. Subsequently, contemporary strategies potentially able to reverse NK dysfunction in MM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Pittari
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, HMC, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Moreno Festuccia
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Deena Mudawi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, HMC, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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44
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Offidani M, Corvatta L. A review discussing elotuzumab and its use in the second-line plus treatment of multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2017; 14:319-329. [PMID: 29091475 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) represent a new frontier to treat newly diagnosed and relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Elotuzumab, an mAb targeted SLAM7 in the plasma cells and natural killer cells surface, is the first mAb approved for the treatment of relapsed-refractory MM in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. This approval was the final result of several preclinical and Phase I-II clinical studies leading to ELOQUENT-2 Phase III trial that demonstrated that elotuzumab adds a significant and durable value to standard therapy, paved the way of this new treatment strategy for MM. In this review we will describe elotuzumab mechanisms of action, clinical pharmacology and clinical studies that have led to these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Offidani
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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45
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SLAMF7-CAR T cells eliminate myeloma and confer selective fratricide of SLAMF7 + normal lymphocytes. Blood 2017; 130:2838-2847. [PMID: 29089311 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-778423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SLAMF7 is under intense investigation as a target for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. In this study, we redirected the specificity of T cells to SLAMF7 through expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) derived from the huLuc63 antibody (elotuzumab) and demonstrate that SLAMF7-CAR T cells prepared from patients and healthy donors confer potent antimyeloma reactivity. We confirmed uniform, high-level expression of SLAMF7 on malignant plasma cells in previously untreated and in relapsed/refractory (R/R) myeloma patients who had received previous treatment with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. Consequently, SLAMF7-CAR T cells conferred rapid cytolysis of previously untreated and R/R primary myeloma cells in vitro. In addition, a single administration of SLAMF7-CAR T cells led to resolution of medullary and extramedullary myeloma manifestations in a murine xenograft model in vivo. SLAMF7 is expressed on a fraction of normal lymphocytes, including subsets of natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells. After modification with the SLAMF7-CAR, both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells rapidly acquired and maintained a SLAMF7- phenotype and could be readily expanded to therapeutically relevant cell doses. We analyzed the recognition of normal lymphocytes by SLAMF7-CAR T cells and show that they induce selective fratricide of SLAMF7+/high NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Importantly, however, the fratricide conferred by SLAMF7-CAR T cells spares the SLAMF7-/low fraction in each cell subset and preserves functional lymphocytes, including virus-specific T cells. In aggregate, our data illustrate the potential use of SLAMF7-CAR T-cell therapy as an effective treatment against multiple myeloma and provide novel insights into the consequences of targeting SLAMF7 for the normal lymphocyte compartment.
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46
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Podar K, Pecherstorfer M. Current and developing synthetic pharmacotherapy for treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1061-1079. [PMID: 28604120 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1340942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of novel agents has significantly improved multiple myeloma (MM) patient outcome during the last two decades. MM received the most drug approvals for any one malignancy during this time period, both in the United States as well as in Europe. Areas covered: Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies are prototype drug classes, which target both specific MM cell functions, as well as the tumor supportive bone marrow microenvironment, and represent current cornerstones of MM therapy. Importantly, the unprecedented extent and frequency of durable responses, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), in particular, is predominantly based on the combinatorial use of these agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or representatives of other drug classes. This article will summarize past landmark discoveries in MM that led to the dramatic progress of today's clinical practice. Moreover, developing strategies will be discussed that are likely to yet improve patient outcome even further. Expert opinion: Despite significant therapeutic advancements, MM remains an incurable disease. With several novel agents in the preclinical and early clinical pipeline, among those novel CD38 and BCMA mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as ricolinostat, selinexor, venetoclax, CAR-T cells, and vaccines, further advances in MM patient outcome are expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Podar
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems , Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems , Austria
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47
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Sherbenou DW, Mark TM, Forsberg P. Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: A New Wave of the Future. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:545-554. [PMID: 28734795 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, 2 monoclonal antibodies were approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), elotuzumab and daratumumab. Elotuzumab is a monoclonal IgG-κ antibody directed against SLAMF7 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7), a cell surface receptor involved in natural killer cell activation. Daratumumab is a monoclonal IgG-κ antibody that binds to CD38, a transmembrane protein found on the surface of myeloma cells and responsible for cellular adhesion and ectoenzymatic activity. Both elotuzumab and daratumumab act through recruitment of the immune system to enhance cellular cytotoxicity directed against myeloma cells. Elotuzumab requires lenalidomide and dexamethasone combined to enhance progression-free survival in patients with RRMM, and daratumumab has both single-agent and combination activity with either lenalidomide or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in RRMM. The adverse effect profile of both agents mainly consists of allergic-type infusion reactions. Other considerations for monoclonal antibody use in the treatment of MM include the potential for interference in serum protein electrophoresis testing and cross-reactivity of daratumumab with CD38 present on red blood cells. In the present report, we discussed the clinical development of daratumumab and elotuzumab and newer immunologic approaches to the treatment of MM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sherbenou
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Tomer M Mark
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter Forsberg
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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48
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Golay J. Direct targeting of cancer cells with antibodies: What can we learn from the successes and failure of unconjugated antibodies for lymphoid neoplasias? J Autoimmun 2017; 85:6-19. [PMID: 28666691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following approval in 1997 of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for the treatment of B-NHL and CLL, many other unconjugated IgG1 MAbs have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical trials for the treatment of lymphoid neoplasms. Relatively few have been approved however and these are directed against a limited number of target antigens (CD20, CD52, CCR4, CD38, CD319). We review here the known biological properties of these antibodies and discuss which factors may have led to their success or may, on the contrary, limit their clinical application. Common factors of the approved MAbs are that the target antigen is expressed at relatively high levels on the neoplastic targets and their mechanism of action is mostly immune-mediated. Indeed most of these MAbs induce ADCC and phagocytosis by macrophages, and many also activate complement, leading to target cell lysis. In contrast direct cell death induction is not a common feature but may enhance efficacy in some cases. Interestingly, a key factor for the success of several MAbs appears to be their capacity to skew immunity towards an anti-tumour mode, by inhibiting/depleting suppressor cells and/or activating immune cells within the microenvironment, independently of FcγRs. We also expose here some of the strategies employed by industry to expand the clinical use of these molecules beyond their original indication. Interestingly, due to the central role of lymphocytes in the control of the immune response, several of the antibodies are now successfully used to treat many different autoimmune diseases and have also been formally approved for some of these new indications. There is little doubt that this trend will continue and that the precise mechanisms of therapeutic MAbs will be further dissected and better understood in the context of both tumour immunology and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", USC Haematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Via Garibaldi 11-13, 24128, Bergamo, Italy.
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49
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PD-1 blockade enhances elotuzumab efficacy in mouse tumor models. Blood Adv 2017; 1:753-765. [PMID: 29296719 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elotuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (hSLAMF7) on myeloma cells, was developed to treat patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Elotuzumab has a dual mechanism of action that includes the direct activation of natural killer (NK) cells and the induction of NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study aimed to characterize the effects of elotuzumab on NK cells in vitro and in patients with MM and to determine whether elotuzumab antitumor activity was improved by programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade. Elotuzumab promoted NK cell activation when added to a coculture of human NK cells and SLAMF7-expressing myeloma cells. An increased frequency of activated NK cells was observed in bone marrow aspirates from elotuzumab-treated patients. In mouse tumor models expressing hSLAMF7, maximal antitumor efficacy of a murine immunoglobulin G2a version of elotuzumab (elotuzumab-g2a) required both Fcγ receptor-expressing NK cells and CD8+ T cells and was significantly enhanced by coadministration of anti-PD-1 antibody. In these mouse models, elotuzumab-g2a and anti-PD-1 combination treatment promoted tumor-infiltrating NK and CD8+ T-cell activation, as well as increased intratumoral cytokine and chemokine release. These observations support the rationale for clinical investigation of elotuzumab/anti-PD-1 combination therapy in patients with MM.
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50
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Chen J, Zhong MC, Guo H, Davidson D, Mishel S, Lu Y, Rhee I, Pérez-Quintero LA, Zhang S, Cruz-Munoz ME, Wu N, Vinh DC, Sinha M, Calderon V, Lowell CA, Danska JS, Veillette A. SLAMF7 is critical for phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells via Mac-1 integrin. Nature 2017; 544:493-497. [PMID: 28424516 DOI: 10.1038/nature22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells elude anti-tumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including upregulated expression of ligands for inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Phagocytosis by macrophages plays a critical role in cancer control. Therapeutic blockade of signal regulatory protein (SIRP)-α, an inhibitory receptor on macrophages, or of its ligand CD47 expressed on tumour cells, improves tumour cell elimination in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that blockade of the SIRPα-CD47 checkpoint could be useful in treating human cancer. However, the pro-phagocytic receptor(s) responsible for tumour cell phagocytosis is(are) largely unknown. Here we find that macrophages are much more efficient at phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells, compared with non-haematopoietic tumour cells, in response to SIRPα-CD47 blockade. Using a mouse lacking the signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of homotypic haematopoietic cell-specific receptors, we determined that phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells during SIRPα-CD47 blockade was strictly dependent on SLAM family receptors in vitro and in vivo. In both mouse and human cells, this function required a single SLAM family member, SLAMF7 (also known as CRACC, CS1, CD319), expressed on macrophages and tumour cell targets. In contrast to most SLAM receptor functions, SLAMF7-mediated phagocytosis was independent of signalling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) adaptors. Instead, it depended on the ability of SLAMF7 to interact with integrin Mac-1 (refs 18, 19, 20) and utilize signals involving immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which macrophages engulf and destroy haematopoietic tumour cells. They also reveal a novel SAP adaptor-independent function for a SLAM receptor. Lastly, they suggest that patients with tumours expressing SLAMF7 are more likely to respond to SIRPα-CD47 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sabrin Mishel
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Inmoo Rhee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Luis-Alberto Pérez-Quintero
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Mario-Ernesto Cruz-Munoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,School of Medicine, University of Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Ning Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Donald C Vinh
- Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and Research Institute-MUHC (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Meenal Sinha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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