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Wazin F, Lovicu FJ. Conditional Ablation of Spred1 and Spred2 in the Eye Lens Negatively Impacts Its Development and Growth. Cells 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38391903 PMCID: PMC10886530 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of the eye depends on normal lens morphogenesis and its growth. This growth, in turn, is dependent on coordinated proliferation of the lens epithelial cells and their subsequent differentiation into fiber cells. These cellular processes are tightly regulated to maintain the precise cellular structure and size of the lens, critical for its transparency and refractive properties. Growth factor-mediated MAPK signaling driven by ERK1/2 has been reported as essential for regulating cellular processes of the lens, with ERK1/2 signaling tightly regulated by endogenous antagonists, including members of the Sprouty and related Spred families. Our previous studies have demonstrated the importance of both these inhibitory molecules in lens and eye development. In this study, we build on these findings to highlight the importance of Spreds in regulating early lens morphogenesis by modulating ERK1/2-mediated lens epithelial cell proliferation and fiber differentiation. Conditional loss of both Spred1 and Spred2 in early lens morphogenesis results in elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, hyperproliferation of lens epithelia, and an associated increase in the rate of fiber differentiation. This results in transient microphakia and microphthalmia, which disappears, owing potentially to compensatory Sprouty expression. Our data support an important temporal role for Spreds in the early stages of lens morphogenesis and highlight how negative regulation of ERK1/2 signaling is critical for maintaining lens proliferation and fiber differentiation in situ throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Wazin
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Meng Y, Lv T, Zhang J, Shen W, Li L, Li Y, Liu X, Lei X, Lin X, Xu H, Meng A, Jia S. Temporospatial inhibition of Erk signaling is required for lymphatic valve formation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:342. [PMID: 37691058 PMCID: PMC10493226 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraluminal lymphatic valves (LVs) and lymphovenous valves (LVVs) are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid. Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux, and result in lymphedema. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of valve development remains poorly understood. We here report the implication of Efnb2-Ephb4-Rasa1 regulated Erk signaling axis in lymphatic valve development with identification of two new valve structures. Dynamic monitoring of phospho-Erk activity indicated that Erk signaling is spatiotemporally inhibited in some lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during the valve cell specification. Inhibition of Erk signaling via simultaneous depletion of zygotic erk1 and erk2 or treatment with MEK inhibitor selumetinib causes lymphatic vessel hypoplasia and lymphatic valve hyperplasia, suggesting opposite roles of Erk signaling during these two processes. ephb4b mutants, efnb2a;efnb2b or rasa1a;rasa1b double mutants all have defective LVs and LVVs and exhibit blood reflux into lymphatic vessels with an edema phenotype. Importantly, the valve defects in ephb4b or rasa1a;rasa1b mutants are mitigated with high-level gata2 expression in the presence of MEK inhibitors. Therefore, Efnb2-Ephb4 signaling acts to suppress Erk activation in valve-forming cells to promote valve specification upstream of Rasa1. Not only do our findings reveal a molecular mechanism of lymphatic valve formation, but also provide a basis for the treatment of lymphatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuguang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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3
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Elsakka EGE, Abulsoud AI, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elballal MS, Mageed SSA, Khidr EG, Mohammed OA, Sarhan OM, Elkhawaga SY, El-Husseiny AA, Abdelmaksoud NM, El-Demerdash AA, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Elrebehy MA, Doghish AA, Doghish AS. miRNAs orchestration of cardiovascular diseases - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, and progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154613. [PMID: 37327567 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids sequences vital in regulating gene expression. They are significant in many biological and pathological processes and are even detectable in various body fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine. Research has demonstrated that the irregularity of miRNA in multiplying cardiac cells is linked to developmental deformities in the heart's structure. It has also shown that miRNAs are crucial in diagnosing and progressing several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review covers the function of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of CVD. Additionally, the review provides an overview of the potential role of miRNAs as disease-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for human CVD, as well as their biological implications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aya A El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Doghish
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Ain-Shams University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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4
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Tartaglia M, Aoki Y, Gelb BD. The molecular genetics of RASopathies: An update on novel disease genes and new disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:425-439. [PMID: 36394128 PMCID: PMC10100036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced signaling through RAS and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade underlies the RASopathies, a family of clinically related disorders affecting development and growth. In RASopathies, increased RAS-MAPK signaling can result from the upregulated activity of various RAS GTPases, enhanced function of proteins positively controlling RAS function or favoring the efficient transmission of RAS signaling to downstream transducers, functional upregulation of RAS effectors belonging to the MAPK cascade, or inefficient signaling switch-off operated by feedback mechanisms acting at different levels. The massive effort in RASopathy gene discovery performed in the last 20 years has identified more than 20 genes implicated in these disorders. It has also facilitated the characterization of several molecular activating mechanisms that had remained unappreciated due to their minor impact in oncogenesis. Here, we provide an overview on the discoveries collected during the last 5 years that have delivered unexpected insights (e.g., Noonan syndrome as a recessive disease) and allowed to profile new RASopathies, novel disease genes and new molecular circuits contributing to the control of RAS-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Sugiyama A, Hirashima M. Fetal nuchal edema and developmental anomalies caused by gene mutations in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949013. [PMID: 36111337 PMCID: PMC9468611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal nuchal edema, a subcutaneous accumulation of extracellular fluid in the fetal neck, is detected as increased nuchal translucency (NT) by ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been demonstrated that increased NT is associated with chromosomal anomalies and genetic syndromes accompanied with fetal malformations such as defective lymphatic vascular development, cardiac anomalies, anemia, and a wide range of other fetal anomalies. However, in many clinical cases of increased NT, causative genes, pathogenesis and prognosis have not been elucidated in humans. On the other hand, a large number of gene mutations have been reported to induce fetal nuchal edema in mouse models. Here, we review the relationship between the gene mutants causing fetal nuchal edema with defective lymphatic vascular development, cardiac anomalies, anemia and blood vascular endothelial barrier anomalies in mice. Moreover, we discuss how studies using gene mutant mouse models will be useful in developing diagnostic method and predicting prognosis.
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6
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Msheik ZS, Nassar FJ, Chamandi G, Itani AR, Gadaleta E, Chalala C, Alwan N, Nasr RR. miR-126 Decreases Proliferation and Mammosphere Formation of MCF-7 and Predicts Prognosis of ER+ Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030745. [PMID: 35328298 PMCID: PMC8946945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major health burden that affects over one million women each year. It is the most prevalent cancer in women and the number one cancer killer of them worldwide. Of all BC subtypes, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC is the most commonly diagnosed. The objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of miR-126 in the tumorigenesis of ER+ BC. miR-126 was downregulated in ER+ BC tissues from young breast cancer patients, as shown through miRNA microarray analysis and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the effect of the modulation of miR-126 levels on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and spheres formation of the ER+ BC cell line, MCF-7, was assessed by MTT assay, PI analysis, and mammosphere formation assay, respectively. miR-126 overexpression significantly decreased MCF-7 proliferation and mammosphere-forming ability, but did not affect cell cycle progression. Then, in silico analysis determined SLC7A5, PLXNB2, CRK, PLK2, SPRED1, and IRS1 as potential targets of miR-126. RT-qPCR data showed that miR-126 overexpression significantly downregulated SLC7A5 and PLXNB2 mRNA levels in MCF-7. Finally, in silico survival analysis showed that high expression of miR-126 or low expression of SLC7A5 correlated with better overall survival (OS) of ER+ BC patients. Overall, our study suggests that miR-126 might play a tumor suppressor role in ER+ BC. miR-126 and SLC7A5 might also be considered potential prognostic biomarkers in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa S. Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
| | - Farah J. Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ghada Chamandi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
- Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, INSERM U976, HIPI, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Abdul Rahman Itani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
| | - Emanuala Gadaleta
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claude Chalala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rihab R. Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Z.S.M.); (G.C.); (A.R.I.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Qiao J, Liang C, Zhao D, Nguyen LXT, Chen F, Suo S, Hoang DH, Pellicano F, Rodriguez IR, Elhajmoussa Y, Ghoda L, Yoshimura A, Stein AS, Ali H, Koller P, Perrotti D, Copland M, Han A, Zhang BA, Marcucci G. Spred1 deficit promotes treatment resistance and transformation of chronic phase CML. Leukemia 2022; 36:492-506. [PMID: 34564700 PMCID: PMC9134843 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spred1 is highly expressed in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Lack of Spred1 function has been associated with aberrant hematopoiesis and acute leukemias. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Spred1 is reduced in patients with accelerated phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC) CML, thereby suggesting that deficit of this protein may contribute to disease transformation. In fact, Spred1 knockout (KO) in SCLtTA/BCR-ABL CML mice either globally, or restricted to hematopoietic cells (i.e., HSCs) or to endothelial cells (ECs), led to transformation of chronic phase (CP) CML into AP/BC CML. Upon BCR-ABL induction, all three Spred1 KO CML models showed AP/BC features. However, compared with global Spred1 KO, the AP/BC phenotypes of HSC-Spred1 KO and EC-Spred1 KO CML models were attenuated, suggesting a concurrent contribution of Spred1 deficit in multiple compartments of the leukemic bone marrow niche to the CML transformation. Spred1 KO, regardless if occurred in HSCs or in ECs, increased miR-126 in LSKs (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+), a population enriched in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), resulting in expansion of LSCs, likely through hyperactivation of the MAPK/ERK pathway that augmented Bcl-2 expression and stability. This ultimately led to enhancement of Bcl-2-dependent oxidative phosphorylation that supported homeostasis, survival and activity of LSCs and drove AP/BC transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Qiao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shanshan Suo
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dinh Hoa Hoang
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O' Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ivan Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yasmin Elhajmoussa
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony S Stein
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Haris Ali
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul Koller
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O' Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Amber Zhang
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
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8
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Abstract
The RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by a germline mutation in one of the genes encoding a component of the RAS/MAPK pathway. These disorders, including neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome and Legius syndrome, among others, have overlapping clinical features due to RAS/MAPK dysfunction. Although several of the RASopathies are very rare, collectively, these disorders are relatively common. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of the RASopathy-associated genetic variants and the knowledge gained about RAS/MAPK signaling that resulted from studying RASopathies. We also describe the cell and animal models of the RASopathies and explore emerging RASopathy genes. Preclinical and clinical experiences with targeted agents as therapeutics for RASopathies are also discussed. Finally, we review how the recently developed drugs targeting RAS/MAPK-driven malignancies, such as inhibitors of RAS activation, direct RAS inhibitors and RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitors, might be leveraged for patients with RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Hebron
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edjay Ralph Hernandez
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Motta M, Fasano G, Gredy S, Brinkmann J, Bonnard AA, Simsek-Kiper PO, Gulec EY, Essaddam L, Utine GE, Guarnetti Prandi I, Venditti M, Pantaleoni F, Radio FC, Ciolfi A, Petrini S, Consoli F, Vignal C, Hepbasli D, Ullrich M, de Boer E, Vissers LELM, Gritli S, Rossi C, De Luca A, Ben Becher S, Gelb BD, Dallapiccola B, Lauri A, Chillemi G, Schuh K, Cavé H, Zenker M, Tartaglia M. SPRED2 loss-of-function causes a recessive Noonan syndrome-like phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2112-2129. [PMID: 34626534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulated signal flow through RAS and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is the unifying mechanistic theme of the RASopathies, a family of disorders affecting development and growth. Pathogenic variants in more than 20 genes have been causally linked to RASopathies, the majority having a dominant role in promoting enhanced signaling. Here, we report that SPRED2 loss of function is causally linked to a recessive phenotype evocative of Noonan syndrome. Homozygosity for three different variants-c.187C>T (p.Arg63∗), c.299T>C (p.Leu100Pro), and c.1142_1143delTT (p.Leu381Hisfs∗95)-were identified in four subjects from three families. All variants severely affected protein stability, causing accelerated degradation, and variably perturbed SPRED2 functional behavior. When overexpressed in cells, all variants were unable to negatively modulate EGF-promoted RAF1, MEK, and ERK phosphorylation, and time-course experiments in primary fibroblasts (p.Leu100Pro and p.Leu381Hisfs∗95) documented an increased and prolonged activation of the MAPK cascade in response to EGF stimulation. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of spred2a and spred2b in zebrafish induced defects in convergence and extension cell movements indicating upregulated RAS-MAPK signaling, which were rescued by expressing wild-type SPRED2 but not the SPRED2Leu381Hisfs∗95 protein. The clinical phenotype of the four affected individuals included developmental delay, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, short stature, skeletal anomalies, and a typical facial gestalt as major features, without the occurrence of the distinctive skin signs characterizing Legius syndrome. These features, in part, characterize the phenotype of Spred2-/- mice. Our findings identify the second recessive form of Noonan syndrome and document pleiotropic consequences of SPRED2 loss of function in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sina Gredy
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Brinkmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adeline Alice Bonnard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leila Essaddam
- Department of Pediatrics-PUC, Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ingrid Guarnetti Prandi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Consoli
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Cédric Vignal
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Denis Hepbasli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Ullrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sami Gritli
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Cesare Rossi
- Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Saayda Ben Becher
- Department of Pediatrics-PUC, Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università Della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Centro Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Département de Génétique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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10
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Wang Y, Sun J, Kahaleh B. Epigenetic down-regulation of microRNA-126 in scleroderma endothelial cells is associated with impaired responses to VEGF and defective angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7078-7088. [PMID: 34137496 PMCID: PMC8278107 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis in scleroderma (SSc) is a critical component of SSc pathology. MicroRNA‐126 (miR‐126) is expressed in endothelial cells (MVECs) where it regulates VEGF responses by repressing the negative regulators of VEGF, including the sprouty‐related protein‐1 (SPRED1), and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2). MVECs were isolated from SSc skin and matched subjects (n = 6). MiR‐126 expression was measured by qPCR and in situ hybridization. Matrigel‐based tube assembly was used to test angiogenesis. MiR‐126 expression was inhibited by hsa‐miR‐126 inhibitor and enhanced by hsa‐miR‐126 Mimic. Epigenetic regulation of miR‐126 expression was examined by the addition of epigenetic inhibitors (Aza and TSA) to MVECs and by bisulphite genomic sequencing of DNA methylation of the miR‐126 promoter region. MiR‐126 expression, as well as EGFL7 (miR‐126 host gene), in SSc‐MVECs and skin, was significantly down‐regulated in association with increased expression of SPRED1 and PIK3R2 and diminished response to VEGF. Inhibition of miR‐126 in NL‐MVECs resulted in reduced angiogenic capacity, whereas overexpression of miR‐126 in SSc‐MVECs resulted in enhanced tube assembly. Addition of Aza and TSA normalized miR‐126 and EGFL7 expression levels in SSc‐MVECs. Heavy methylation in miR‐126/EGFL7 gene was noted. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the down‐regulation of miR‐126 results in impaired VEGF responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - John Sun
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bashar Kahaleh
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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11
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YOSHIMURA A, AKI D, ITO M. SOCS, SPRED, and NR4a: Negative regulators of cytokine signaling and transcription in immune tolerance. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:277-291. [PMID: 34121041 PMCID: PMC8403526 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are important intercellular communication tools for immunity. Most cytokines utilize the JAK-STAT and Ras-ERK pathways to promote gene transcription and proliferation; however, this signaling is tightly regulated. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family and SPRED family are a representative negative regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway and the Ras-ERK pathway, respectively. The SOCS family regulates the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, and is involved in immune tolerance, anergy, and exhaustion. SPRED family proteins have been shown to inactivate Ras by recruiting the Ras-GTPase neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) protein. Human genetic analysis has shown that SOCS family members are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases, allergies, and tumorigenesis, and SPRED1 is involved in NF1-like syndromes and tumors. We also identified the NR4a family of nuclear receptors as a key transcription factor for immune tolerance that suppresses cytokine expression and induces various immuno-regulatory molecules including SOCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko YOSHIMURA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: A. Yoshimura, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Daisuke AKI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako ITO
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Bui K, Hong YK. Ras Pathways on Prox1 and Lymphangiogenesis: Insights for Therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:597374. [PMID: 33263009 PMCID: PMC7688453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.597374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, lymphatics research has accelerated and gained a much-needed recognition in pathophysiology. As the lymphatic system plays heavy roles in interstitial fluid drainage, immune surveillance and lipid absorption, the ablation or excessive growth of this vasculature could be associated with many complications, from lymphedema to metastasis. Despite their growing importance in cancer, few anti-lymphangiogenic therapies exist today, as they have yet to pass phase 3 clinical trials and acquire FDA approval. As such, many studies are being done to better define the signaling pathways that govern lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of developing new therapeutic approaches to inhibit or stimulate this process. This review will cover our current understanding of the Ras signaling pathways and their interactions with Prox1, the master transcriptional switch involved in specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate and lymphangiogenesis, in hopes of providing insights to lymphangiogenesis-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Bui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Abstract
The roles of SPRED proteins in signaling, development, and cancer are becoming increasingly recognized. SPRED proteins comprise an N-terminal EVH-1 domain, a central c-Kit-binding domain, and C-terminal SROUTY domain. They negatively regulate signaling from tyrosine kinases to the Ras-MAPK pathway. SPRED1 binds directly to both c-KIT and to the RasGAP, neurofibromin, whose function is completely dependent on this interaction. Loss-of-function mutations in SPRED1 occur in human cancers and cause the developmental disorder, Legius syndrome. Genetic ablation of SPRED genes in mice leads to behavioral problems, dwarfism, and multiple other phenotypes including increased risk of leukemia. In this review, we summarize and discuss biochemical, structural, and biological functions of these proteins including their roles in normal cell growth and differentiation and in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lorenzo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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14
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Spred2-deficiency enhances the proliferation of lung epithelial cells and alleviates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16490. [PMID: 33020583 PMCID: PMC7536438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in many cellular processes, including the development of fibrosis. Here, we examined the role of Sprouty-related EVH-1-domain-containing protein (Spred) 2, a negative regulator of the MAPK-ERK pathway, in the development of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Compared to WT mice, Spred2−/− mice developed milder PF with increased proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells. Spred2−/− lung epithelial cells or MLE-12 cells treated with spred2 siRNA proliferated faster than control cells in vitro. Spred2−/− and WT macrophages produced similar levels of TNFα and MCP-1 in response to BLM or lipopolysaccharide and myeloid cell-specific deletion of Spred2 in mice had no effect. Spred2−/− fibroblasts proliferated faster and produced similar levels of MCP-1 compared to WT fibroblasts. Spred2 mRNA was almost exclusively detected in bronchial epithelial cells of naïve WT mice and it accumulated in approximately 50% of cells with a characteristic of Clara cells, 14 days after BLM treatment. These results suggest that Spred2 is involved in the regulation of tissue repair after BLM-induced lung injury and increased proliferation of lung bronchial cells in Spred2−/− mice may contribute to faster tissue repair. Thus, Spred2 may present a new therapeutic target for the treatment of PF.
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15
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Yan W, Markegard E, Dharmaiah S, Urisman A, Drew M, Esposito D, Scheffzek K, Nissley DV, McCormick F, Simanshu DK. Structural Insights into the SPRED1-Neurofibromin-KRAS Complex and Disruption of SPRED1-Neurofibromin Interaction by Oncogenic EGFR. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107909. [PMID: 32697994 PMCID: PMC7437355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing (SPRED) proteins negatively regulate RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling following growth factor stimulation. This inhibition of RAS is thought to occur primarily through SPRED1 binding and recruitment of neurofibromin, a RasGAP, to the plasma membrane. Here, we report the structure of neurofibromin (GTPase-activating protein [GAP]-related domain) complexed with SPRED1 (EVH1 domain) and KRAS. The structure provides insight into how the membrane targeting of neurofibromin by SPRED1 allows simultaneous interaction with activated KRAS. SPRED1 and NF1 loss-of-function mutations occur across multiple cancer types and developmental diseases. Analysis of the neurofibromin-SPRED1 interface provides a rationale for mutations observed in Legius syndrome and suggests why SPRED1 can bind to neurofibromin but no other RasGAPs. We show that oncogenic EGFR(L858R) signaling leads to the phosphorylation of SPRED1 on serine 105, disrupting the SPRED1-neurofibromin complex. The structural, biochemical, and biological results provide new mechanistic insights about how SPRED1 interacts with neurofibromin and regulates active KRAS levels in normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Yan
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Evan Markegard
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Srisathiyanarayanan Dharmaiah
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew Drew
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dwight V Nissley
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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16
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xu W, Wang H, Mo W, Pang H, Tang R, Li S, Yan X, Li Y. SPRED1 Is Downregulated and a Prognostic Biomarker in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:204. [PMID: 32175275 PMCID: PMC7056905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein that Sprouty-Related EVH1 Domain-Containing Protein1 (SPRED1) is downregulated and a prognostic biomarker in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We determined mRNA levels of SPRED1 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from adult patients, including 113 AMLs and 22 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), as well as in 37 healthy control subjects. Significantly decreased SPRED1 mRNA expression was found in AML patients comparing to those in ALL patients and healthy controls, which was confirmed by immunocytochemistry analysis of SPRED1 protein and ELISA measurement of serum SPRED1 level. Further analysis demonstrated that SPRED1 expression was significantly higher for most patients at complete remission after induction treatment than at diagnosis. Moreover, SPRED1 expression was significantly downregulated in M2 and M3 types. Non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-APL) patients with decreased SPRED1 had significantly lower 2-year progression-free survival and event-free survival rates. In vitro, ectopic overexpression of SPRED1 leads to a decrease of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, induction of apoptosis and reduction of proliferation of THP-1 cells. Our findings suggest SPRED1 is not only a predictor of treatment response, but also an independent prognostic factor for non-APL, and targeting Ras- Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling may be a promising strategy for the treatment of AML with downregulation of SPRED1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbin Mo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rurong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Wazin F, Lovicu FJ. The negative regulatory Spred1 and Spred2 proteins are required for lens and eye morphogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 191:107917. [PMID: 31923414 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transparent and refractive properties of the ocular lens are dependent on its precise cellular structure, supported by the regulation of lens cellular processes of proliferation and differentiation that are essential throughout life. The ERK/MAPK-signalling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating lens cell proliferation and differentiation, and in turn is regulated by inhibitory molecules including the Spred family of proteins to modulate and attenuate the impact of growth factor stimulation. Given Spreds are strongly and distinctly expressed in lens, along with their established inhibitory role in a range of different tissues, we investigated the role these antagonists play in regulating lens cell proliferation and differentiation, and their contribution to lens structure and growth. Using established mice lines deficient for either or both Spred 1 and Spred 2, we demonstrate their role in regulating lens development by negatively regulating ERK1/2 activity. Mice deficient for both Spred 1 and Spred 2 have impaired lens and eye development, displaying irregular lens epithelial and fibre cell activity as a result of increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2. While Spred 1 and Spred 2 do not appear to be necessary for induction and early stages of lens morphogenesis (prior to E11.5), nor for the formation of the primary fibre cells, they are required for the continuous embryonic growth and differentiation of the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Wazin
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia and Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia and Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Kim JY, Lee DH, Kim JK, Choi HS, Dwivedi B, Rupji M, Kowalski J, Green SJ, Song H, Park WJ, Chang JY, Kim TM, Park C. ETV2/ER71 regulates the generation of FLK1 + cells from mouse embryonic stem cells through miR-126-MAPK signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:328. [PMID: 31744543 PMCID: PMC6862833 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies including ours have demonstrated a critical function of the transcription factor ETV2 (ets variant 2; also known as ER71) in determining the fate of cardiovascular lineage development. However, the underlying mechanisms of ETV2 function remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the novel function of the miR (micro RNA)-126-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway in ETV2-mediated FLK1 (fetal liver kinase 1; also known as VEGFR2)+ cell generation from the mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). By performing a series of experiments including miRNA sequencing and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-PCR, we found that miR-126 is directly induced by ETV2. Further, we identified that miR-126 can positively regulate the generation of FLK1+ cells by activating the MAPK pathway through targeting SPRED1 (sprouty-related EVH1 domain containing 1). Further, we showed evidence that JUN/FOS activate the enhancer region of FLK1 through AP1 (activator protein 1) binding sequences. Our findings provide insight into the novel molecular mechanisms of ETV2 function in regulating cardiovascular lineage development from mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joo Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Present Address: Department of Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, IL, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr. Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Hashimoto K, Yamane M, Sugimoto S, Hirano Y, Kurosaki T, Otani S, Miyoshi K, Ohara T, Okazaki M, Yoshimura T, Oto T, Matsukawa A, Toyooka S. Negative impact of recipient SPRED2 deficiency on transplanted lung in a mouse model. Transpl Immunol 2019; 57:101242. [PMID: 31446154 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after lung transplantation mainly contributes to the development of primary graft dysfunction. The Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing (SPRED) protein family inhibits the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Our study was aimed at examining the role of SPRED2 in IRI in mice that received orthotopic lung transplantation. Syngeneic mouse lung transplantation was performed in wild-type C57BL/6 J (WT) mice and Spred2 knockout (Spred2-/-) mice on the C57BL/6 J background from the WT donor. Four hours after reperfusion, blood gas analysis was performed, and lung grafts were sacrificed and analyzed. By using arterial oxygen tension measurements and histological evaluation using Lung Injury Score, we revealed more severe IRI in the grafts transplanted to Spred2-/- recipients, which manifested as exacerbated airway epithelial cell damage, interstitial edema with hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration. Intragraft ERK1/2 activation and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Spred2-/- recipients were higher than those in WT recipients. SPRED2 plays an important role in protecting the lungs from IRI in lung transplantation recipients. We suggest that focused treatments suppressing the activity of the MAPK/ERK pathway in transplantation recipients could be the potential therapeutic option for the prevention of lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirano
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurosaki
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Otani
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oto
- Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Janardhan HP, Trivedi CM. Establishment and maintenance of blood-lymph separation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1865-1876. [PMID: 30758642 PMCID: PMC6482084 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of Greek medical literature, described the functional anatomy of the lymphatic system in the fifth century B.C. Subsequent studies in cadavers and surgical patients firmly established that lymphatic vessels drain extravasated interstitial fluid, also known as lymph, into the venous system at the bilateral lymphovenous junctions. Recent advances revealed that lymphovenous valves and platelet-mediated hemostasis at the lymphovenous junctions maintain life-long separation of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Here, we review murine models that exhibit failure of blood-lymph separation to highlight the novel mechanisms and molecular targets for the modulation of lymphatic disorders. Specifically, we focus on the transcription factors, cofactors, and signaling pathways that regulate lymphovenous valve development and platelet-mediated lymphovenous hemostasis, which cooperate to maintain blood-lymph separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish P Janardhan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, AS7-1047, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, AS7-1047, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- The Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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21
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Kawazoe T, Taniguchi K. The Sprouty/Spred family as tumor suppressors: Coming of age. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1525-1535. [PMID: 30874331 PMCID: PMC6501019 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/ERK pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways in various cancers. In some such cancers, Ras and Raf are hotspots for mutations, which cause continuous activation of this pathway. However, in some other cancers, it is known that negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway are responsible for uncontrolled activation. The Sprouty/Spred family is broadly recognized as important negative regulators of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway, and its expression is downregulated in many malignancies, leading to hyperactivation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway. After the discovery of this family, intensive research investigated the mechanism by which it suppresses the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway and its roles in developmental and pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the complicated roles of the Sprouty/Spred family in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression and its future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kawazoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Ohkura T, Yoshimura T, Fujisawa M, Ohara T, Marutani R, Usami K, Matsukawa A. Spred2 Regulates High Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation, and Metabolic Abnormalities in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30723473 PMCID: PMC6349710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in visceral adipose tissues triggers the development of obesity-related insulin resistance, leading to the metabolic syndrome, a serious health condition with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. In the present study, we investigated whether Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, plays a role in the development of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and insulin resistance. Spred2 knockout (KO) mice, fed with HFD, exhibited an augmented body weight gain, which was associated with enhanced adipocyte hypertrophy in mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) and deteriorated dyslipidemia, compared with wild-type (WT) controls. The number of infiltrating macrophages with a M1 phenotype, and the crown-like structures, composed of macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes, were more abundant in Spred2 KO-mWAT compared to in WT-mWAT. Exacerbated adipose tissue inflammation in Spred2 KO mice led to aggravated insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. To analyze the mechanism(s) that caused adipose tissue inflammation, cytokine response in mWAT was investigated. Stromal vascular fraction that contained macrophages from Spred2 KO-mWAT showed elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) compared with those from WT-mWAT. Upon stimulation with palmitate acid (PA), bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) derived from Spred2 KO mice secreted higher levels of TNFα and MCP-1 than those from WT mice with enhanced ERK activation. U0126, a MEK inhibitor, reduced the PA-induced cytokine response. Taken together, these results suggested that Spred2, in macrophages, negatively regulates high fat diet-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and insulin resistance by inhibiting the ERK/MAPK pathway. Thus, Spred2 represents a potential therapeutic tool for the prevention of insulin resistance and resultant metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ohkura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rie Marutani
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaya Usami
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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23
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Bousseau S, Vergori L, Soleti R, Lenaers G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Glycosylation as new pharmacological strategies for diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:92-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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de Aquino Martins ARL, Santos HBDP, Mafra RP, Nonaka CFW, Souza LBD, Pinto LP. Participation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and lymphangiogenesis in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1741-1747. [PMID: 30119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the lymphatic density and HIF-1α immunoexpression in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and their correlation with clinicopathological (nodal metastasis, clinical stage, histological grade, recurrence and disease outcome) and survival parameters in 20 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic LLSCCs. Lymphatic density was established by counting microvessels (D2-40+) at the tumor core (intratumoral lymphatic density, ILD) and at the invasive front (peritumoral lymphatic density, PLD) and percentages of immunopositive cells for HIF-1α were established. No statistically significant differences in lymphatic densities in relation to clinicopathological parameters were observed (P > 0.05). All cases exhibited nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-1α immunoexpression, with relatively high percentages of positivity, but this expression was not statistically different in relation to clinicopathological variables (P > 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between ILD and PLD (P = 0.002), and between nuclear HIF-1α immunoexpression at the tumor core and ILD (P = 0.001). The results suggest ILD and PLD are not directly related to the development of lymph node metastasis in LLSCC. The striking expression of HIF-1α suggests the involvement of this protein in the etiopathogenesis of LLSCCs, possibly stimulating lymphangiogenesis at the tumor core. However, this protein does not seem to exert a determining influence on the biological aggressiveness of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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25
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Okada M, Yamane M, Yamamoto S, Otani S, Miyoshi K, Sugimoto S, Matsukawa A, Toyooka S, Oto T, Miyoshi S. SPRED2 deficiency may lead to lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation. Surg Today 2018; 48:1089-1095. [PMID: 30022248 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory changes during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are related to the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. Sprouty-related EVH1 (enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1)-domain-containing proteins (SPREDs) are known inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling. The role of SPRED2 in lung IRI was examined in a left hilar clamp mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Spred2-/- mice were used in the left hilar clamp model. Experimental groups underwent 30 min of left hilar clamping followed by 1 h of reperfusion. U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, was administered to Spred2-/- mice with reperfused lungs. RESULTS The partial pressures of oxygen of the Spred2-/- mice after reperfusion were significantly worse than those of WT mice (p < 0.01). Spred2-/- mice displayed more severe injuries than WT mice with increased neutrophil infiltration observed by a histological evaluation and flow cytometry (p < 0.001). This severe inflammation was inhibited by U0126. In addition, the rate of ERK1 activation was significantly higher in the lungs of Spred2-/- mice after reperfusion than in WT mice according to a Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway influences the severity of lung IRI, causing inflammation with neutrophil infiltration. SPRED2 may be a promising target for the suppression of lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Okada
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Sumiharu Yamamoto
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinji Otani
- Department of Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oto
- Department of Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama City Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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26
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Mir-126 is a conserved modulator of lymphatic development. Dev Biol 2018; 437:120-130. [PMID: 29550364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organ homeostasis relies upon cellular and molecular processes that restore tissue structure and function in a timely fashion. Lymphatic vessels help maintain fluid equilibrium by returning interstitial fluid that evades venous uptake back to the circulation. Despite its important role in tissue homeostasis, cancer metastasis, and close developmental origins with the blood vasculature, the number of molecular players known to control lymphatic system development is relatively low. Here we show, using genetic approaches in zebrafish and mice, that the endothelial specific microRNA mir-126, previously implicated in vascular integrity, regulates lymphatic development. In zebrafish, in contrast to mir-126 morphants, double mutants (mir-126a-/-; mir-126b-/-, hereafter mir-126-/-) do not exhibit defects in vascular integrity but develop lymphatic hypoplasia; mir-126-/- animals fail to develop complete trunk and facial lymphatics, display severe edema and die as larvae. Notably, following MIR-126 inhibition, human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (hLECs) respond poorly to VEGFA and VEGFC. In this context, we identify a concomitant reduction in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR3, also known as FLT4) expression upon MIR-126 inhibition. In vivo, we further show that flt4+/- zebrafish embryos exhibit lymphatic defects after mild miR-126 knockdown. Similarly, loss of Mir-126 in Flt4+/- mice results in embryonic edema and lethality. Thus, our results indicate that miR-126 modulation of Vegfr signaling is essential for lymphatic system development in fish and mammals.
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27
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Laberge A, Arif S, Moulin VJ. Microvesicles: Intercellular messengers in cutaneous wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5550-5563. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Laberge
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Syrine Arif
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de recherche en organogenese experimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEXCentre de recherche du CHU de QuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversite LavalQuebecCanada
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28
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Yang X, Fujisawa M, Yoshimura T, Ohara T, Sato M, Mino M, San TH, Gao T, Kunkel SL, Matsukawa A. Spred2 Deficiency Exacerbates D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide -induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Increased Production of TNFα. Sci Rep 2018; 8:188. [PMID: 29317674 PMCID: PMC5760641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is characterized by hepatocyte damage and inflammation. In the present study, we examined whether the absence of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, influences ALI induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared to wild-type mice, Spred2−/− mice developed exacerbated liver injury represented by enhanced hepatocyte damage and inflammation. Enhanced ERK activation was observed in Spred2−/−-livers, and the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 ameliorated ALI. Hepatic tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were increased in Spred-2−/−-livers, and the neutralization of TNFα dramatically ameliorated ALI, which was associated with decreased levels of endogenous TNFα and IL-1β. When mice were challenged with D-GalN and TNFα, much severer ALI was observed in Spred2−/− mice with significant increases in endogenous TNFα and IL-1β in the livers. Immunohistochemically, Kupffer cells were found to produce TNFα, and isolated Kupffer cells from Spred2−/− mice produced significantly higher levels of TNFα than those from wild-type mice after LPS stimulation, which was significantly decreased by U0126. These results suggest that Spred2 negatively regulates D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI under the control of TNFα in Kupffer cells. Spred2 may present a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Mino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Thar Htet San
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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29
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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30
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Itakura J, Sato M, Ito T, Mino M, Fushimi S, Takahashi S, Yoshimura T, Matsukawa A. Spred2-deficiecy Protects Mice from Polymicrobial Septic Peritonitis by Enhancing Inflammation and Bacterial Clearance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12833. [PMID: 28993690 PMCID: PMC5634500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome and a major cause of death for critically ill patients. Here, we examined whether the absence of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, influences host defense against polymicrobial sepsis (PMS) induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared to wild-type mice, Spred2−/− mice exhibited higher survival rates with increased level of leukocyte infiltration and local chemokine production and reduced plasma and peritoneal bacterial loads after CLP. The MEK inhibitor U0126 significantly reduced LPS-induced chemokine production by Spred2−/− resident macrophages in vitro, and decreased CLP-induced leukocyte infiltration in vivo. Spred2−/− resident macrophages, but not neutrophils or elicited macrophages, exhibited increased phagocytic activity. Interestingly, surface expression of complement receptor 1/2 (CR1/2) was increased in Spred2−/− resident macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide in a manner dependent on the ERK/MAPK pathway, and blocking CR1/2 in vivo resulted in reduced leukocyte infiltration and increased bacterial loads after CLP. Taken together, our results indicate that Spred2-deficiency protects mice from PMS via increased activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and subsequent increase in innate immune responses. Thus, inhibiting Spred2 may present a novel means to prevent the development of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Itakura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Megumi Mino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fushimi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sakuma Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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31
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Nathan AA, Dixit M, Babu S, Balakrishnan AS. Comparison and functional characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from filarial lymphoedema and endemic normals of a South Indian population. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:1414-1427. [PMID: 28869696 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The underlying problem in lymphatic filariasis is irreversible swelling of the limbs (lymphoedema), which is a unique feature of lymphatic insufficiency. It is still unclear whether the natural ability of lymphatics to form functional lymphatic vasculature is achieved or attenuated in the lymphoedemal pathology. Clinical studies have clearly shown that circulating lymphatic progenitors (CLPs), a subset of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs), contribute to post-natal lymph vasculogenesis. CLP-based revascularisation could be a promising strategy to bypass the endothelial disruption and damage incurred by the filarial parasites. Thus our aim was to compare and characterise the functional prowess of PBMCs in physiological and lymphoedemal pathology. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from venous blood sample from drug-naive endemic normals (EN) and drug-deprived filarial lymphoedema (FL) individuals using density gradient centrifugation. Adhesion, transwell migration and in vitro matrigel assays were employed to characterise the lymphvasculogenic potential of PBMCs. CLPs were phenotypically characterised using flow cytometry; expression levels of lymphatic markers and inflammatory cytokines were quantified using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS PBMCs from FL group display poor adherence to fibronectin (P = 0.040), reduced migration towards SDF-1α (P = 0.035), impaired tubular network (P = 0.004) and branching point (P = 0.048) formation. The PBMC mRNA expression of VEGFR3 (P = 0.039) and podoplanin (P = 0.050) was elevated, whereas integrin α9 (P = 0.046) was inhibited in FL individuals; additionally, the surface expression of CD34 (P = 0.048) was significantly reduced in the FL group compared to the EN group. CONCLUSION PBMCs from filarial lymphoedema show defective and dysregulated lymphvasculogenic function compared to endemic normals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Joyti Metha School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- NIH-ICER, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Circulating Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:255-269. [PMID: 28936745 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating exosomes could arrive in distant tissues via blood circulation, thus directly communicating with target cells and rapidly regulating intracellular signalings. Circulating exosomes and exosomal cargos are critically involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Circulating exosomes enriched with various types of biological molecules can be changed not only in the number but also in the composite cargos upon cardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and sepsis cardiomyopathy, which may further influence cardiomyocyte function and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, exosome-based therapeutic strategy may be used to attenuate myocardial injury and promote cardiac regeneration and repair. Also, more preclinical and clinical studies would be needed to investigate the potential of circulating exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Wang H, Cai J. The role of microRNAs in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:2019-2030. [PMID: 27916680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation and/or inducing mRNA degradation. In the past decade, many in vitro and in vivo studies have explored the involvement of microRNAs in various cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, studies focused upon the target genes and functionality of miRNAs in the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are reviewed. The selected miRNAs are categorized according to the biological relevance of their target genes in relation to four cardiovascular pathologies, namely angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. This review illustrates the involvement of miRNAs in different biological signaling pathways and provides an overview of current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular health and diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, Xicheng District, North Lishi Road No. 167, Beijing 100037, China.
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A Novel Role of Spred2 in the Colonic Epithelial Cell Homeostasis and Inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37531. [PMID: 27869219 PMCID: PMC5116627 DOI: 10.1038/srep37531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and adequate mucosal healing is important for a remission of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Here, we examined whether Spred2, a member of the Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing proteins that inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway, plays a role in colonic mucosal homeostasis and inflammation by using Spred2 knockout (KO) mice. We first detected increased epithelial cell proliferation and cadherin 1 expression in the colon of naïve Spred2 KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, Spred2 KO mice were resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis as indicated by lower levels of body weight loss and disease activity index. Histologically, epithelial cell injury and inflammation were milder in the colonic mucosa of Spred2 KO mice on day 3 and almost undetectable by day 8. Experiments with bone chimeric mice indicated that Spred2-deficiency in non-hematopoietic cells was responsible for the reduced sensitivity to DSS. Finally, Spred2 KO mice developed significantly fewer tumors in response to azoxymethane plus DSS. Taken together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Spred2 plays an important role in the regulation of colonic epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation by potentially down-regulating the activation of ERK. Thus, Spred2 may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of UC.
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Hartmann D, Fiedler J, Sonnenschein K, Just A, Pfanne A, Zimmer K, Remke J, Foinquinos A, Butzlaff M, Schimmel K, Maegdefessel L, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Lachmann N, Schober A, Froese N, Heineke J, Bauersachs J, Batkai S, Thum T. MicroRNA-Based Therapy of GATA2-Deficient Vascular Disease. Circulation 2016; 134:1973-1990. [PMID: 27780851 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor GATA2 orchestrates the expression of many endothelial-specific genes, illustrating its crucial importance for endothelial cell function. The capacity of this transcription factor in orchestrating endothelial-important microRNAs (miRNAs/miR) is unknown. METHODS Endothelial GATA2 was functionally analyzed in human endothelial cells in vitro. Endogenous short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral-based overexpression were applied to decipher the capacity of GATA2 in regulating cell viability and capillary formation. Next, the GATA2-dependent miR transcriptome was identified by using a profiling approach on the basis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional control of miR promoters was assessed via chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase promoter assays, and bisulfite sequencing analysis of sites in proximity. Selected miRs were modulated in combination with GATA2 to identify signaling pathways at the angiogenic cytokine level via proteome profiler and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Downstream miR targets were identified via bioinformatic target prediction and luciferase reporter gene assays. In vitro findings were translated to a mouse model of carotid injury in an endothelial GATA2 knockout background. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of proangiogenic miR-126 was tested in the reendothelialization model. RESULTS GATA2 gain- and loss-of-function experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells identified a key role of GATA2 as master regulator of multiple endothelial functions via miRNA-dependent mechanisms. Global miRNAnome-screening identified several GATA2-regulated miRNAs including miR-126 and miR-221. Specifically, proangiogenic miR-126 was regulated by GATA2 transcriptionally and targeted antiangiogenic SPRED1 and FOXO3a contributing to GATA2-mediated formation of normal vascular structures, whereas GATA2 deficiency led to vascular abnormalities. In contrast to GATA2 deficiency, supplementation with miR-126 normalized vascular function and expression profiles of cytokines contributing to proangiogenic paracrine effects. GATA2 silencing resulted in endothelial DNA hypomethylation leading to induced expression of antiangiogenic miR-221 by GATA2-dependent demethylation of a putative CpG island in the miR-221 promoter. Mechanistically, a reverted GATA2 phenotype by endogenous suppression of miR-221 was mediated through direct proangiogenic miR-221 target genes ICAM1 and ETS1. In a mouse model of carotid injury, GATA2 was reduced, and systemic supplementation of miR-126-coupled nanoparticles enhanced miR-126 availability in the carotid artery and improved reendothelialization of injured carotid arteries in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GATA2-mediated regulation of miR-126 and miR-221 has an important impact on endothelial biology. Hence, modulation of GATA2 and its targets miR-126 and miR-221 is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of many vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Hartmann
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Jan Fiedler
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Kristina Sonnenschein
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Annette Just
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Angelika Pfanne
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Karina Zimmer
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Janet Remke
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Ariana Foinquinos
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Malte Butzlaff
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Nico Lachmann
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Natali Froese
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Jörg Heineke
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Sandor Batkai
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H., J.F., K.S., A.J., A.P., K.Z., J.R., A.F., K.S., S.B., T.T.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (K.S., D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B.); Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.B.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (L.M.); Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.H.-K., N.F., J.H., J.B., T.T.); JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Disease, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (N.L.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.); and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (T.T.).
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SPRED1 Interferes with K-ras but Not H-ras Membrane Anchorage and Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2612-25. [PMID: 27503857 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00191-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is tightly controlled by negative feedback regulators, such as the tumor suppressor SPRED1. The SPRED1 gene also carries loss-of-function mutations in the RASopathy Legius syndrome. Growth factor stimulation translocates SPRED1 to the plasma membrane, triggering its inhibitory activity. However, it remains unclear whether SPRED1 there acts at the level of Ras or Raf. We show that pharmacological or galectin-1 (Gal-1)-mediated induction of B- and C-Raf-containing dimers translocates SPRED1 to the plasma membrane. This is facilitated in particular by SPRED1 interaction with B-Raf and, via its N terminus, with Gal-1. The physiological significance of these novel interactions is supported by two Legius syndrome-associated mutations that show diminished binding to both Gal-1 and B-Raf. On the plasma membrane, SPRED1 becomes enriched in acidic membrane domains to specifically perturb membrane organization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling of active K-ras4B (here, K-ras) but not H-ras. However, SPRED1 also blocks on the nanoscale the positive effects of Gal-1 on H-ras. Therefore, a combinatorial expression of SPRED1 and Gal-1 potentially regulates specific patterns of K-ras- and H-ras-dependent signaling output. More broadly, our results open up the possibility that related SPRED and Sprouty proteins act in a similar Ras and Raf isoform-specific manner.
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Shin M, Male I, Beane TJ, Villefranc JA, Kok FO, Zhu LJ, Lawson ND. Vegfc acts through ERK to induce sprouting and differentiation of trunk lymphatic progenitors. Development 2016; 143:3785-3795. [PMID: 27621059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vegfc) activates its receptor, Flt4, to induce lymphatic development. However, the signals that act downstream of Flt4 in this context in vivo remain unclear. To understand Flt4 signaling better, we generated zebrafish bearing a deletion in the Flt4 cytoplasmic domain that eliminates tyrosines Y1226 and 1227. Embryos bearing this deletion failed to initiate sprouting or differentiation of trunk lymphatic vessels and did not form a thoracic duct. Deletion of Y1226/7 prevented ERK phosphorylation in lymphatic progenitors, and ERK inhibition blocked trunk lymphatic sprouting and differentiation. Conversely, endothelial autonomous ERK activation rescued lymphatic sprouting and differentiation in flt4 mutants. Interestingly, embryos bearing the Y1226/7 deletion formed a functional facial lymphatic network enabling them to develop normally to adulthood. By contrast, flt4 null larvae displayed hypoplastic facial lymphatics and severe lymphedema. Thus, facial lymphatic vessels appear to be the first functional lymphatic network in the zebrafish, whereas the thoracic duct is initially dispensable for lymphatic function. Moreover, distinct signaling pathways downstream of Flt4 govern lymphatic morphogenesis and differentiation in different anatomical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ira Male
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Timothy J Beane
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jacques A Villefranc
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fatma O Kok
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Wang L, Lee AYW, Wigg JP, Peshavariya H, Liu P, Zhang H. miR-126 Regulation of Angiogenesis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in CNV Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060895. [PMID: 27338342 PMCID: PMC4926429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-126 has recently been implicated in modulating angiogenic factors in vascular development. Understandings its biological significance might enable development of therapeutic interventions for diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to determine the role of miR-126 in AMD using a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 mice. The CNV mice were transfected with scrambled miR or miR-126 mimic. The expression of miR-126, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED-1) in ocular tissues were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. The overexpression effects of miR-126 were also proven on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). miR-126 showed a significant decrease in CNV mice (p < 0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of VEGF-A, KDR and SPRED-1 were upregulated with CNV; these changes were ameliorated by restoration of miR-126 (p < 0.05). CNV was reduced after miR-126 transfection. Transfection of miR-126 reduced the HMECs 2D-capillary-like tube formation (p < 0.01) and migration (p < 0.01). miR-126 has been shown to be a negative modulator of angiogenesis in the eye. All together these results high lights the therapeutic potential of miR-126 suggests that it may contribute as a putative therapeutic target for AMD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Amy Yi Wei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Drug Delivery Unit, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Jonathan P Wigg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Peshavariya
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
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Hirata Y, Brems H, Suzuki M, Kanamori M, Okada M, Morita R, Llano-Rivas I, Ose T, Messiaen L, Legius E, Yoshimura A. Interaction between a Domain of the Negative Regulator of the Ras-ERK Pathway, SPRED1 Protein, and the GTPase-activating Protein-related Domain of Neurofibromin Is Implicated in Legius Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3124-34. [PMID: 26635368 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.703710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the SPRED1 gene cause a phenotype known as Legius syndrome, which consists of symptoms of multiple café-au-lait macules, axillary freckling, learning disabilities, and macrocephaly. Legius syndrome resembles a mild neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) phenotype. It has been demonstrated that SPRED1 functions as a negative regulator of the Ras-ERK pathway and interacts with neurofibromin, the NF1 gene product. However, the molecular details of this interaction and the effects of the mutations identified in Legius syndrome and NF1 on this interaction have not yet been investigated. In this study, using a yeast two-hybrid system and an immunoprecipitation assay in HEK293 cells, we found that the SPRED1 EVH1 domain interacts with the N-terminal 16 amino acids and the C-terminal 20 amino acids of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-related domain (GRD) of neurofibromin, which form two crossing α-helix coils outside the GAP domain. These regions have been shown to be dispensable for GAP activity and are not present in p120(GAP). Several mutations in these N- and C-terminal regions of the GRD in NF1 patients and pathogenic missense mutations in the EVH1 domain of SPRED1 in Legius syndrome reduced the binding affinity between the EVH1 domain and the GRD. EVH1 domain mutations with reduced binding to the GRD also disrupted the ERK suppression activity of SPRED1. These data clearly demonstrate that SPRED1 inhibits the Ras-ERK pathway by recruiting neurofibromin to Ras through the EVH1-GRD interaction, and this study also provides molecular basis for the pathogenic mutations of NF1 and Legius syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Hirata
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hilde Brems
- the Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mayu Suzuki
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kanamori
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- the Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Biscay, Spain
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W6, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Ludwine Messiaen
- the Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eric Legius
- the Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan,
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Satpathy S, Wagner SA, Beli P, Gupta R, Kristiansen TA, Malinova D, Francavilla C, Tolar P, Bishop GA, Hostager BS, Choudhary C. Systems-wide analysis of BCR signalosomes and downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:810. [PMID: 26038114 PMCID: PMC4501846 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for the development and function of B cells; however, the spectrum of proteins involved in BCR signaling is not fully known. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to monitor the dynamics of BCR signaling complexes (signalosomes) and to investigate the dynamics of downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation signaling. We identify most of the previously known components of BCR signaling, as well as many proteins that have not yet been implicated in this system. BCR activation leads to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of the receptor-proximal signaling components, many of which are co-regulated by both the modifications. We illustrate the power of multilayered proteomic analyses for discovering novel BCR signaling components by demonstrating that BCR-induced phosphorylation of RAB7A at S72 prevents its association with effector proteins and with endo-lysosomal compartments. In addition, we show that BCL10 is modified by LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitylation, and demonstrate an important function of LUBAC in BCR-induced NF-κB signaling. Our results offer a global and integrated view of BCR signaling, and the provided datasets can serve as a valuable resource for further understanding BCR signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian A Wagner
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Beli
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA VAMC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bruce S Hostager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chunaram Choudhary
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hu J, Zeng L, Huang J, Wang G, Lu H. miR-126 promotes angiogenesis and attenuates inflammation after contusion spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1608:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mühl B, Hägele J, Tasdogan A, Loula P, Schuh K, Bundschu K. SPREDs (Sprouty related proteins with EVH1 domain) promote self-renewal and inhibit mesodermal differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:591-606. [PMID: 25690936 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation are special features of embryonic stem (ES) cells, thereby providing valuable perspectives in regenerative medicine. Developmental processes require a fine-tuned organization, mainly regulated by the well-known JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and ERK/MAPK pathways. SPREDs (Sprouty related proteins with EVH1 domain) were discovered as inhibitors of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, whereas nothing was known about their functions in ES cells and during early differentiation, so far. RESULTS We generated SPRED1 and SPRED2 overexpressing and SPRED2 knockout murine ES cells to analyze the functions of SPRED proteins in ES cells and during early differentiation. Overexpression of SPREDs increases significantly the self-renewal and clonogenicity of murine ES cells, whereas lack of SPRED2 reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis. During early differentiation in embryoid bodies, SPREDs promote the pluripotent state and inhibit differentiation whereby mesodermal differentiation into cardiomyocytes is considerably delayed and inhibited. LIF- and growth factor-stimulation revealed that SPREDs inhibit ERK/MAPK activation in murine ES cells. However, no effects were detectable on LIF-induced activation of the JAK/STAT3, or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by SPRED proteins. CONCLUSIONS We show that SPREDs promote self-renewal and inhibit mesodermal differentiation of murine ES cells by selective suppression of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Laboratory for Human Genetics, Martinsried, Germany
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Krawczynski K, Najmula J, Bauersachs S, Kaczmarek MM. MicroRNAome of porcine conceptuses and trophoblasts: expression profile of micrornas and their potential to regulate genes crucial for establishment of pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:21. [PMID: 25472924 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tightly coordinated, reciprocal embryo-maternal interactions affect gene expression during early pregnancy. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new players in the fine tuning of embryo development and implantation in mammals via posttranscriptional gene regulation mechanisms. Here, we integrated transcriptomic and computational approaches to profile miRNAs and miRNA synthesis and transport-related genes at different developmental stages of porcine conceptuses and trophoblast during early pregnancy in the pig. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, we examined mRNA levels of 10 genes encoding proteins involved in miRNA synthesis and transport: DROSHA, DGCR8, XPO5, DICER1, TARBP2, TNRC6A, AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO4. Custom, multispecies microarrays were used to profile miRNAs. Prediction algorithms of miRNA-mRNA interactions allowed identification of target transcripts for the analyzed miRNAs. These included VEGF, LIF, PTGS2, and IL-6R, known to be crucial components of embryo-maternal interactions in the pig. Two selected miRNAs, miR-26a and miR-125b, were tested for the presence in the extracellular vesicles isolated from uterine luminal flushings during pregnancy. Results of in vitro study demonstrated that miRNAs, such as miR-125b, can regulate expression of genes crucial for embryo development and implantation in porcine endometrial luminal epithelial cells. For the first time, expression profiles of miRNAs and related genes in porcine conceptuses and trophoblast during maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryo implantation in the pig were described. Altogether, our results indicate potential roles of these small, noncoding RNAs in the early development of embryos and embryo-maternal cross-talk during early pregnancy in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Krawczynski
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Najmula
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Klein KR, Karpinich NO, Espenschied ST, Willcockson HH, Dunworth WP, Hoopes SL, Kushner EJ, Bautch VL, Caron KM. Decoy receptor CXCR7 modulates adrenomedullin-mediated cardiac and lymphatic vascular development. Dev Cell 2014; 30:528-40. [PMID: 25203207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical 7-transmembrane receptors, often called decoy receptors, act promiscuously as molecular sinks to regulate ligand bioavailability and consequently temper the signaling of canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways. Loss of mammalian CXCR7, the most recently described decoy receptor, results in postnatal lethality due to aberrant cardiac development and myocyte hyperplasia. Here, we provide the molecular underpinning for this proliferative phenotype by demonstrating that the dosage and signaling of adrenomedullin (Adm, gene; AM, protein)-a mitogenic peptide hormone required for normal cardiovascular development-is tightly controlled by CXCR7. To this end, Cxcr7(-/-) mice exhibit gain-of-function cardiac and lymphatic vascular phenotypes that can be reversed upon genetic depletion of adrenomedullin ligand. In addition to identifying a biological ligand accountable for the phenotypes of Cxcr7(-/-) mice, these results reveal a previously underappreciated role for decoy receptors as molecular rheostats in controlling the timing and extent of GPCR-mediated cardiac and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara R Klein
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie O Karpinich
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott T Espenschied
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Helen H Willcockson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William P Dunworth
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Xu Y, Ito T, Fushimi S, Takahashi S, Itakura J, Kimura R, Sato M, Mino M, Yoshimura A, Matsukawa A. Spred-2 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108914. [PMID: 25275324 PMCID: PMC4183529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and life-threatening acute lung injury (ALI) that is caused by noxious stimuli and pathogens. ALI is characterized by marked acute inflammation with elevated alveolar cytokine levels. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in cytokine production, but the mechanisms that regulate these pathways remain poorly characterized. Here, we focused on the role of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein (Spred)-2, a negative regulator of the Ras-Raf-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-MAPK pathway, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung inflammation. Methods Wild-type (WT) mice and Spred-2−/− mice were exposed to intratracheal LPS (50 µg in 50 µL PBS) to induce pulmonary inflammation. After LPS-injection, the lungs were harvested to assess leukocyte infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, ERK-MAPK activation and immunopathology. For exvivo experiments, alveolar macrophages were harvested from untreated WT and Spred-2−/− mice and stimulated with LPS. In invitro experiments, specific knock down of Spred-2 by siRNA or overexpression of Spred-2 by transfection with a plasmid encoding the Spred-2 sense sequence was introduced into murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells or MLE-12 lung epithelial cells. Results LPS-induced acute lung inflammation was significantly exacerbated in Spred-2−/− mice compared with WT mice, as indicated by the numbers of infiltrating leukocytes, levels of alveolar TNF-α, CXCL2 and CCL2 in a later phase, and lung pathology. U0126, a selective MEK/ERK inhibitor, reduced the augmented LPS-induced inflammation in Spred-2−/− mice. Specific knock down of Spred-2 augmented LPS-induced cytokine and chemokine responses in RAW264.7 cells and MLE-12 cells, whereas Spred-2 overexpression decreased this response in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions The ERK-MAPK pathway is involved in LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. Spred-2 controls the development of LPS-induced lung inflammation by negatively regulating the ERK-MAPK pathway. Thus, Spred-2 may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fushimi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sakuma Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junya Itakura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryojiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Mino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tissue-engineered lymphatic graft for the treatment of lymphedema. J Surg Res 2014; 192:544-54. [PMID: 25248852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphedema is a chronic debilitating condition and curative treatment is yet to be found. Tissue engineering approach, which combines cellular components, scaffold, and molecular signals hold great potential in the treatment of secondary lymphedema with the advent of lymphatic graft to reconstruct damaged collecting lymphatic vessel. This review highlights the ideal characteristics of lymphatic graft, the limitation and challenges faced, and the approaches in developing tissue-engineered lymphatic graft. METHODS Literature on tissue engineering of lymphatic system and lymphatic tissue biology was reviewed. RESULTS The prime challenge in the design and manufacturing of this graft is producing endothelialized conduit with intraluminal valves. Suitable scaffold material is needed to ensure stability and functionality of the construct. Endothelialization of the construct can be enhanced via biofunctionalization and nanotopography, which mimics extracellular matrix. Nanocomposite polymers with improved performance over existing biomaterials are likely to benefit the development of lymphatic graft. CONCLUSIONS With the in-depth understanding of tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and improved knowledge on the biology of lymphatic regeneration, the aspiration to develop successful lymphatic graft is well achievable.
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Sevick-Muraca EM, King PD. Lymphatic vessel abnormalities arising from disorders of Ras signal transduction. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:121-7. [PMID: 24183794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of genetic diseases in man have been described in which abnormalities in the development and function of the lymphatic vascular (LV) system are prominent features. The genes that are mutated in these diseases are varied and include genes that encode lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) growth factor receptors and their ligands and transcription factors that control LEC fate and function. In addition, an increasing number of genes have been identified that encode components of the Ras signal transduction pathway that conveys signals from cell surface receptors to regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Gene targeting studies performed in mice have confirmed that the LV system is particularly susceptible to perturbations in the Ras pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Sevick-Muraca
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 6606 Med Sci II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
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microRNA-1 enhances the angiogenic differentiation of human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1001-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bernaudin JF, Kambouchner M, Lacave R. [Lymphatic vascular system, development and lymph formation. Review]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2013; 69:93-101. [PMID: 23474100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is widely developed among vertebrates. Lymphatic vessels provide the interstitial fluid (20% of the body weight) drainage through interstitial prelymphatic channels, capillaries, precollectors and collectors flowing into the venous blood. Endothelial cells of capillaries are overlapped and fixed to interstitial collagen and elastic fibres by anchoring filaments facilitating the fluid transfer. Precollectors and collectors have valves controlling the lymph flux direction. In addition to external mechanisms, the lymphangions of collectors have contracting muscle cells driving the flow. Lymphatic endothelial cells are routinely identified by the expression of podoplanin, LYVE-1 and VEGFR3. In the embryo, prelymphatic endothelial cells emerge from the cardinal veins and migrate into the mesenchyma forming embryonic lymphatic sacs. Prox1, Sox18 and COUP-TFII play a major role in the endothelial speciation, VEGFC as VEGFD combined to VEGFR3 in cell migration and proliferation and FoxC2 in valves development. In cancer or inflammation, various factors secreted by cancer cells and/or inflammatory cells induce a neolymphangiogenesis. Recently it has been shown that cells from the bone marrow could be potential precursors for lymphatic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Bernaudin
- Histologie Biologie Tumorale, ER2 UPMC, Hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
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Effect of the leptin receptor Q223R polymorphism on the host transcriptome following infection with Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1460-70. [PMID: 23429533 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01383-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to amebiasis is associated with a polymorphism in the leptin receptor. Previous studies demonstrated that humans with the ancestral Q223 leptin receptor allele were nearly four times less likely to be infected with Entamoeba histolytica than those carrying the mutant R223 allele. We hypothesized that the Q223 allele protected against E. histolytica via STAT3-mediated transcription of genes required for mucosal immunity. To test this, mice containing the humanized LEPR Q or R allele at codon 223 were intracecally infected with E. histolytica. Susceptibility to amebiasis was assessed, and cecal tissues were analyzed for changes in gene expression. By 72 h postchallenge, all Q223 mice had cleared E. histolytica, whereas 39% of 223R mice were infected. Thirty-seven genes were differentially expressed in response to infection at 72 h, including proinflammatory genes (CXCL2, S100A8/9, PLA2G7, ITBG2, and MMP9) and functions pertaining to the movement and activity of immune cells. A comparison at 12 h postchallenge of infected Q223 versus R223 mice identified a subset of differentially expressed genes, many of which were closely linked to leptin signaling. Further analyses indicated that the Q223 gene expression pattern was consistent with a suppressed apoptotic response to infection, while 223R showed increased cellular proliferation and recruitment. These studies are the first to illuminate the downstream effects of leptin receptor polymorphisms on intestinal infection by E. histolytica. As such, they are important for the insight that they provide into this previously uncharacterized mechanism of mucosal immunity.
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