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Sawadkar P, Mandakhbayar N, Patel KD, Owji N, Rajasekar P, Sarama R, Lee JH, Kim HW, Knowles J, García-Gareta E. 3D Porous Binary Composites of Collagen, Elastin, and Fibrin Proteins Orchestrate Adipose Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400073. [PMID: 38806184 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The objective for this study is to advance the development of a specialized biomaterial that can effectively facilitate the regeneration of adipose tissue. In prior studies, the assessment of collagen (Col), elastin (Ela), and fibrin (Fib) unary scaffolds has been conducted. However, it is important to note that native adipose tissue is comprised of a diverse array of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. To mimic this behavior, binary compositions of collagen, elastin, and fibrin are fabricated in a 1:1 ratio, resulting in the formation of Col/Ela, Col/Fib, and Ela/Fib composites through a customized fabrication procedure. The physical properties of these scaffolds are comprehensively analyzed using a range of material characterization techniques. Additionally, the biological properties of the scaffolds are investigated by examining the survival, proliferation, and phenotype of adipose-derived stem cells. Subsequently, the aforementioned binary scaffolds are implanted into a rodent model for 28 days. the explants are analysed through X-ray microtomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The findings of the study demonstrate that the utilization of binary combinations of Col/Ela, Col/Fib, and Ela/Fib has a discernible impact on the physical and biological characteristics of the scaffolds. Nevertheless, Ela/Fib exhibits characteristics that make it a suitable candidate for adipogenesis due to its notable upregulation of caveolin-1 expression in both acellular and cellular cohorts. The combination of two natural polymers in this cell-material interaction has significantly enhanced the comprehension of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sawadkar
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute at The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31114, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nazanin Owji
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute at The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Poojitha Rajasekar
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Roudin Sarama
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31114, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31114, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Knowles
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31114, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute at The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, 50018, Spain
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Huang H, Jing B, Zhu F, Jiang W, Tang P, Shi L, Chen H, Ren G, Xia S, Wang L, Cui Y, Yang Z, Platero AJ, Hutchins AP, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. Disruption of neuronal RHEB signaling impairs oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination through mTORC1-DLK1 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112801. [PMID: 37463107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
How neuronal signaling affects brain myelination remains poorly understood. We show dysregulated neuronal RHEB-mTORC1-DLK1 axis impairs brain myelination. Neuronal Rheb cKO impairs oligodendrocyte differentiation/myelination, with activated neuronal expression of the imprinted gene Dlk1. Neuronal Dlk1 cKO ameliorates myelination deficit in neuronal Rheb cKO mice, indicating that activated neuronal Dlk1 expression contributes to impaired myelination caused by Rheb cKO. The effect of Rheb cKO on Dlk1 expression is mediated by mTORC1; neuronal mTor cKO and Raptor cKO and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 recapitulate elevated neuronal Dlk1 expression. We demonstrate that both a secreted form of DLK1 and a membrane-bound DLK1 inhibit the differentiation of cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes expressing myelin proteins. Finally, neuronal expression of Dlk1 in transgenic mice reduces the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelination. This study identifies Dlk1 as an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte myelination and a mechanism linking altered neuronal signaling with oligodendrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Shi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Xia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoling Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexander J Platero
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Yang Y, Li L, Ren M, Zhou M, Li S. Transcriptome Profiling of Different Developmental Stages on Longissimus Dorsi to Identify Genes Underlying Intramuscular Fat Content in Wannanhua Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040903. [PMID: 37107661 PMCID: PMC10137702 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key index to measure the tenderness and flavor of pork. Wannanhua pig, a famous indigenous pig breed in Anhui Province, is renowned for its high lipid deposition and high genetic divergence, making it an ideal model for investigating the lipid position trait mechanisms in pigs. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid deposition and development in pigs remain unclear. Furthermore, the temporal differences in gene regulation are based on muscle growth and IMF deposition. The purpose of this study was to study the expression changes of longissimus dorsi (LD) at different growth stages of WH pigs at the molecular level, to screen the candidate genes and signaling pathways related to IMF during development by transcriptome sequencing technology, and to explore the transcriptional regulation mechanism of IMF deposition-related genes at different development stages. In total, 616, 485, and 1487 genes were differentially expressed between LD60 and LD120, LD120 and LD240, and LD60 and LD240, respectively. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with lipid metabolism and muscle development were identified, and most of them were involved in IMF deposition and were significantly up-regulated in LD120 and LD240 compared to LD60. STEM (Short Time-series Expression Miner) analysis indicated significant variations in the mRNA expression across distinct muscle development stages. The differential expression of 12 selected DEGs was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of IMF deposition and provide a new way to accelerate the genetic improvement of pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
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Gui Z, Lv M, Han M, Li S, Mo Z. Effect of CPP-related genes on GnRH secretion and Notch signaling pathway during puberty. Biomed J 2022; 46:100575. [PMID: 36528337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a complex biological process of sexual development, influenced by genetic, metabolic-nutritional, environmental and socioeconomic factors, characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics, maturation of the gonads, leading to the acquisition of reproductive capacity. The onset of central precocious puberty (CPP) is mainly associated with the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to increased pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and activation of gonadal function. Due to the expense and invasiveness of current diagnostic testing and drug therapies for CPP, it would be helpful to find serum and genetic markers to facilitate diagnosis. In this paper, we summarized the related factors that may affect the expression of GnRH1 gene and the secretion and action pathway of GnRH and related sex hormones, and found several potential targets, such as MKRN3, DLK1 and KISS1. Although, the specific mechanism still needs to be further studied, we would be encouraged if the insights from this review could provide new insights for future research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Gui
- Guangxi Provincial Postgraduate Co-training Base for Collaborative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Clinical Medicine of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mei Lv
- Guangxi Provincial Postgraduate Co-training Base for Collaborative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Han
- Clinical Medicine of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Guangxi Provincial Postgraduate Co-training Base for Collaborative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Provincial Postgraduate Co-training Base for Collaborative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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5
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Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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6
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Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1/Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136897. [PMID: 35805898 PMCID: PMC9267054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) remains a challenge, and identifying effective treatments is a major unmet medical need. In the current review we focus on the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1)/delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) axis as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of these pathological conditions. PTTG1 is a proto-oncogene involved in proliferation and metabolism. PTTG1 expression has been related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in cancer and experimental fibrosis. On the other hand, DLK1 has been identified as one of the most abundantly expressed PTTG1 targets in adipose tissue and has shown to contribute to hepatic fibrosis by promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Here, we extensively analyze the increasing amount of information pointing to the PTTG1/DLK1 signaling pathway as an important player in the regulation of these disturbances. These data prompted us to hypothesize that activation of the PTTG1/DLK1 axis is a key factor upregulating the tissue remodeling mechanisms characteristic of CLDs. Therefore, disruption of this signaling pathway could be useful in the therapeutic management of CLDs.
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Abstract
DLK1 is a maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene coding for the transmembrane protein Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1), a non-canonical NOTCH ligand with well-described roles during development, and tumor-supportive functions in several aggressive cancer forms. Here, we review the many functions of DLK1 as a regulator of stem cell pools and tissue differentiation in tissues such as brain, muscle, and liver. Furthermore, we review recent evidence supporting roles for DLK1 in the maintenance of aggressive stem cell characteristics of tumor cells, specifically focusing on central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss NOTCH -dependent as well as NOTCH-independent functions of DLK1, and focus particularly on the complex pattern of DLK1 expression and cleavage that is finely regulated from a spatial and temporal perspective. Progress in recent years suggest differential functions of extracellular, soluble DLK1 as a paracrine stem cell niche-secreted factor, and has revealed a role for the intracellular domain of DLK1 in cell signaling and tumor stemness. A better understanding of DLK1 regulation and signaling may enable therapeutic targeting of cancer stemness by interfering with DLK1 release and/or intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Implications of ADAM17 activation for hyperglycaemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228464. [PMID: 33904577 PMCID: PMC8128101 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus specifically on the role that the metalloproteinase, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17] plays in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome. There is a well-recognised link between the ADAM17 substrate tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In addition, knocking out ADAM17 in mice leads to an extremely lean phenotype. Importantly, ADAM17-deficient mice exhibit one of the most pronounced examples of hypermetabolism in rodents to date. It is vital to further understand the mechanistic role that ADAM17 plays in the metabolic syndrome. Such studies will demonstrate that ADAM17 is a valuable therapeutic target to treat obesity and diabetes.
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Kawai T, Elliott KJ, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Contribution of ADAM17 and related ADAMs in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4161-4187. [PMID: 33575814 PMCID: PMC9301870 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) are key mediators of cell signaling by ectodomain shedding of various growth factors, cytokines, receptors and adhesion molecules at the cellular membrane. ADAMs regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, inflammation, and other regular cellular processes. ADAM17, the most extensively studied ADAM family member, is also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE). ADAMs-mediated shedding of cytokines such as TNF-α orchestrates immune system or inflammatory cascades and ADAMs-mediated shedding of growth factors causes cell growth or proliferation by transactivation of the growth factor receptors including epidermal growth factor receptor. Therefore, increased ADAMs-mediated shedding can induce inflammation, tissue remodeling and dysfunction associated with various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, and ADAMs can be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of ADAMs in cardiovascular pathophysiology and cardiovascular diseases. The main aim of this review is to stimulate new interest in this area by highlighting remarkable evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine J Elliott
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine At Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Ichinose M, Suzuki N, Wang T, Wright JA, Lannagan TRM, Vrbanac L, Kobayashi H, Gieniec KA, Ng JQ, Hayakawa Y, García-Gallastegui P, Monsalve EM, Bauer SR, Laborda J, García-Ramírez JJ, Ibarretxe G, Worthley DL, Woods SL. Stromal DLK1 promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of the intestinal epithelium during development. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G506-G520. [PMID: 33470182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00445.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The stem/progenitor cells of the developing intestine are biologically distinct from their adult counterparts. Here, we examine the microenvironmental cues that regulate the embryonic stem/progenitor population, focusing on the role of Notch pathway factor delta-like protein-1 (DLK1). mRNA-seq analyses of intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) collected from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) or adult IMCs and a novel coculture system with E14.5 intestinal epithelial organoids were used. Following addition of recombinant DLK1 (rDLK) or Dlk1 siRNA (siDlk1), epithelial characteristics were compared using imaging, replating efficiency assays, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry. The intestinal phenotypes of littermate Dlk1+/+ and Dlk1-/- mice were compared using immunohistochemistry. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identified morphogens derived from the embryonic mesenchyme that potentially regulate the developing epithelial cells, to focus on Notch family candidate DLK1. Immunohistochemistry indicated that DLK1 was expressed exclusively in the intestinal stroma at E14.5 at the top of emerging villi, decreased after birth, and shifted to the intestinal epithelium in adulthood. In coculture experiments, addition of rDLK1 to adult IMCs inhibited organoid differentiation, whereas Dlk1 knockdown in embryonic IMCs increased epithelial differentiation to secretory lineage cells. Dlk1-/- mice had restricted Ki67+ cells in the villi base and increased secretory lineage cells compared with Dlk1+/+ embryos. Mesenchyme-derived DLK1 plays an important role in the promotion of epithelial stem/precursor expansion and prevention of differentiation to secretory lineages in the developing intestine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a novel coculture system, transcriptomics, and transgenic mice, we investigated differential molecular signaling between the intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme during development and in the adult. We show that the Notch pathway factor delta-like protein-1 (DLK1) is stromally produced during development and uncover a new role for DLK1 in the regulation of intestinal epithelial stem/precursor expansion and differentiation to secretory lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ichinose
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tongtong Wang
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Josephine A Wright
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tamsin R M Lannagan
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laura Vrbanac
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Krystyna A Gieniec
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jia Q Ng
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia García-Gallastegui
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Eva M Monsalve
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J J García-Ramírez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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11
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Berger T, Tang S, Tu L, Soto DA, Conley AJ, Nitta-Oda B. Changes in testicular gene expression following reduced estradiol synthesis: A complex pathway to increased porcine Sertoli cell proliferation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111099. [PMID: 33271218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Sertoli cell number including number present at puberty is increased if testicular estradiol synthesis is reduced during the neonatal interval. Evaluating the changes in gene expression during the crucial interval of suppressed estradiol that leads to the increased Sertoli cell population will increase our understanding of Sertoli cell biology but this evaluation first required a more precise determination of the critical interval for treatment and timing of a detectable response. Previously, reduced testicular estrogens from 1 week of age were accompanied by increased Sertoli cell number at 6.5 weeks of age but the age at which Sertoli cell numbers were initially increased was unknown, one of the current objectives. Additional experiments were designed to further delineate the essential timing of treatment for the Sertoli cell response. Finally, changes in gene expression induced by the reduced estradiol synthesis were evaluated to elucidate molecular mechanisms. Experimental design typically consisted of one member of littermate pairs of boars treated with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, beginning at 1 week of age and the remaining member treated with canola oil vehicle. Weekly treatments continued through 5 weeks of age or tissue collection, whichever came first. Increases in Sertoli cell numbers were not detectable prior to 6.5 weeks of age and persistent treatment through 5 weeks of age was required to induce the increase in Sertoli cell numbers. This increase resulted from prolonging the first interval of Sertoli cell proliferation in the treated animals. Few genes exhibited dramatically altered transcription and similarities in pathway analysis or principal modified genes were quite limited in 2, 3, and 5-week-old boars. The critical timing and prolonged treatment required and the sequential changes in gene expression suggest a complex mechanism is involved in this model of increased proliferation of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Berger
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Simin Tang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lien Tu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Delia Alba Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Conley
- And Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Nitta-Oda
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Lownik JC, Farrar JS, Pearce JV, Celi FS, Martin RK. Adipocyte ADAM17 plays a limited role in metabolic inflammation. Adipocyte 2020; 9:509-522. [PMID: 32892692 PMCID: PMC7714430 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ADAM17, its substrates, and its natural inhibitor has been well studied in the context of inflammation, including metabolic inflammation, with mixed results. Previous studies examining global Adam17 knockdown models and ADAM17 inhibition using overexpression of endogenous ADAM17 inhibitors have shown improved metabolic health and decreased metabolic inflammation. However, there have been no studies examining the role of adipocyte ADAM17 using in vivo models. In this study, we developed an adipocyte-specific Adam17 knockout model using Adipoq-Cre-expressing mice crossed with Adam17-floxed mice. Using this model, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 plays no evident role in baseline metabolic responses. Surprisingly, in a state of metabolic stress using high-fat diet (HFD), we observed that adipocyte ADAM17 had little effect overall on the metabolic phenotype as well as inflammatory cell populations. Using whole-body metabolic phenotyping, we show that loss of ADAM17 has no effect on energy utilization both at a baseline state as well as following HFD. However, lastly, using high-parameter flow cytometry, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 alters macrophage and eosinophil populations following HFD. Overall, the studies presented here give more insight into the role of ADAM17 in metabolic responses and metabolic inflammation, specifically in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jared S. Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janina V. Pearce
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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13
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Grassi ES, Jeannot P, Pantazopoulou V, Berg TJ, Pietras A. Niche-derived soluble DLK1 promotes glioma growth. Neoplasia 2020; 22:689-701. [PMID: 33142235 PMCID: PMC7587507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes secrete DLK1 after exposure to hypoxia or irradiation. Soluble DLK1 promotes stemness in glioma, in part by increasing HIF-2alpha stabilization. High levels of soluble DLK1 are associated with tumor aggressiveness and lethality.
Tumor cell behaviors associated with aggressive tumor growth such as proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and stem cell characteristics are regulated in part by soluble factors derived from the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated astrocytes represent a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment, and astrocytes have an active role in maintenance of normal neural stem cells in the stem cell niche, in part via secretion of soluble delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1). We found that astrocytes, when exposed to stresses of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia or ionizing radiation, increased secretion of soluble DLK1. Tumor-associated astrocytes in a glioma mouse model expressed DLK1 in perinecrotic and perivascular tumor areas. Glioma cells exposed to recombinant DLK1 displayed increased proliferation, enhanced self-renewal and colony formation abilities, and increased levels of stem cell marker genes. Mechanistically, DLK1-mediated effects on glioma cells involved increased and prolonged stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha, and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha activity abolished effects of DLK1 in hypoxia. Forced expression of soluble DLK1 resulted in more aggressive tumor growth and shortened survival in a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma. Together, our data support DLK1 as a soluble mediator of glioma aggressiveness derived from the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S Grassi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Pantazopoulou
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tracy J Berg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Montenegro L, Labarta JI, Piovesan M, Canton APM, Corripio R, Soriano-Guillén L, Travieso-Suárez L, Martín-Rivada Á, Barrios V, Seraphim CE, Brito VN, Latronico AC, Argente J. Novel Genetic and Biochemical Findings of DLK1 in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Brazilian-Spanish Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5872717. [PMID: 32676665 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central precocious puberty (CPP) has been associated with loss-of-function mutations in 2 paternally expressed genes (MKRN3 and DLK1). Rare defects in the DLk1 were also associated with poor metabolic phenotype at adulthood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate genetic and biochemical aspects of DLK1 in a Spanish cohort of children with CPP without MKRN3 mutations. PATIENTS A large cohort of children with idiopathic CPP (Spanish PUBERE Registry) was studied. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained from 444 individuals (168 index cases) with CPP and their close relatives. Automatic sequencing of MKRN3 and DLK1 genes were performed. RESULTS Five rare heterozygous mutations of MKRN3 were initially excluded in girls with familial CPP. A rare allelic deletion (c.401_404 + 8del) in the splice site junction of DLK1 was identified in a Spanish girl with sporadic CPP. Pubertal signs started at 5.7 years. Her metabolic profile was normal. Familial segregation analysis showed that the DLK1 deletion was de novo in the affected child. Serum DLK1 levels were undetectable (<0.4 ng/mL), indicating that the deletion led to complete lack of DLK1 production. Three others rare allelic variants of DLK1 were also identified (p.Asn134=; g.-222 C>A and g.-223 G>A) in 2 girls with CPP. However, both had normal DLK1 serum levels. CONCLUSION Loss-of-function mutations of DLK1 represent a rare cause of CPP, reinforcing a significant role of this factor in human pubertal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José I Labarta
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maira Piovesan
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Corporació Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research - Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Travieso-Suárez
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos E Seraphim
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius N Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
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15
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Lu HP, Lin CJ, Chen WC, Chang YJ, Lin SW, Wang HH, Chang CJ. TRIM28 Regulates Dlk1 Expression in Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197245. [PMID: 33008113 PMCID: PMC7582669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) is a transcription corepressor, interacting with histone deacetylase and methyltransferase complexes. TRIM28 is a crucial regulator in development and differentiation. We would like to investigate its function and regulation in adipogenesis. Knockdown of Trim28 by transducing lentivirus-carrying shRNAs impairs the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, demonstrated by morphological observation and gene expression analysis. To understand the molecular mechanism of Trim28-mediated adipogenesis, the RNA-seq was performed to find out the possible Trim28-regulated genes. Dlk1 (delta-like homolog 1) was increased in Trim28 knockdown 3T3-L1 cells both untreated and induced to differentiation. Dlk1 is an imprinted gene and known as an inhibitor of adipogenesis. Further knockdown of Dlk1 in Trim28 knockdown 3T3-L1 would rescue cell differentiation. The epigenetic analysis showed that DNA methylation of Dlk1 promoter and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) was not altered significantly in Trim28 knockdown cells. However, compared to control cells, the histone methylation on the Dlk1 promoter was increased at H3K4 and decreased at H3K27 in Trim28 knockdown cells. Finally, we found Trim28 might be recruited by transcription factor E2f1 to regulate Dlk1 expression. The results imply Trim28-Dlk1 axis is critical for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Chieh-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Yao-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (C.-J.L.); (W.-C.C.)
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (S.-W.L.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Rodríguez-Cano MM, González-Gómez MJ, Sánchez-Solana B, Monsalve EM, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Laborda J, Nueda ML, Baladrón V. NOTCH Receptors and DLK Proteins Enhance Brown Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092032. [PMID: 32899774 PMCID: PMC7565505 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH family of receptors and ligands is involved in numerous cell differentiation processes, including adipogenesis. We recently showed that overexpression of each of the four NOTCH receptors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes enhances adipogenesis and modulates the acquisition of the mature adipocyte phenotype. We also revealed that DLK proteins modulate the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells in an opposite way, despite their function as non-canonical inhibitory ligands of NOTCH receptors. In this work, we used multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells as an adipogenic model. We used standard adipogenic procedures and analyzed different parameters by using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), luciferase, Western blot, and metabolic assays. We revealed that C3H10T1/2 multipotent cells show higher levels of NOTCH receptors expression and activity and lower Dlk gene expression levels than 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We found that the overexpression of NOTCH receptors enhanced C3H10T1/2 adipogenesis levels, and the overexpression of NOTCH receptors and DLK (DELTA-like homolog) proteins modulated the conversion of cells towards a brown-like adipocyte phenotype. These and our prior results with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes strengthen the idea that, depending on the cellular context, a precise and highly regulated level of global NOTCH signaling is necessary to allow adipogenesis and determine the mature adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Milagros Rodríguez-Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - María-Julia González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Solana
- National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Eva-María Monsalve
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - María-José M. Díaz-Guerra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - María-Luisa Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
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17
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Park PJ, Kim ST. Caveolae-Associated Protein 3 (Cavin-3) Influences Adipogenesis via TACE-Mediated Pref-1 Shedding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145000. [PMID: 32679831 PMCID: PMC7404391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal adipogenesis regulation is accompanied by a variety of metabolic dysfunctions and disorders. Caveolae play an important role in the regulation of fat production, modulated by caveolae-associated proteins (Cavin-1 to 4). Here, we investigated the role of Cavin-3 in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, as the regulatory functions and roles of Cavin-3 in adipocytes are unknown. A Cavin-3 knockdown/overexpression stable cell line was established, and adipogenesis-related gene and protein expression changes were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, confocal immune-fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the intracellular position of the relevant factors. The results showed that Cavin-3 mRNA and protein expression were elevated, along with physiological factors such as lipid droplet formation, during adipogenesis. Cavin-3 silencing resulted in retarded adipocyte differentiation, and its overexpression accelerated this process. Furthermore, Cavin-3 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of adipogenesis-related genes, such as PPAR-γ, FAS, aP2, and Adipoq, whereas preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) was markedly increased during adipocyte maturation. Overall, Cavin-3 influences caveolar stability and modulates the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE)-mediated Pref-1 shedding process in both mouse and human adipocytes. The Cavin-3-dependent shedding mechanism appears to be an important process in adipocyte maturation, providing a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil June Park
- Bioscience Laboratory, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.J.P.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.J.P.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
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The Role of Pref-1 during Adipogenic Differentiation: An Overview of Suggested Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114104. [PMID: 32526833 PMCID: PMC7312882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes significantly to the global health burden. A better understanding of adipogenesis, the process of fat formation, may lead to the discovery of novel treatment strategies. However, it is of concern that the regulation of adipocyte differentiation has predominantly been studied using the murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and murine experimental animal models. Translation of these findings to the human setting requires confirmation using experimental models of human origin. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is an attractive model to study adipogenesis in vitro. Differences in the ability of MSCs isolated from different sources to undergo adipogenic differentiation, may be useful in investigating elements responsible for regulating adipogenic differentiation potential. Genes involved may be divided into three broad categories: early, intermediate and late-stage regulators. Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is an early negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we briefly discuss the adipogenic differentiation potential of MSCs derived from two different sources, namely adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and Wharton’s Jelly derived stromal/stem cells (WJSCs). We then discuss the function and suggested mechanisms of action of Pref-1 in regulating adipogenesis, as well as current findings regarding Pref-1’s role in human adipogenesis.
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Grassi ES, Pantazopoulou V, Pietras A. Hypoxia-induced release, nuclear translocation, and signaling activity of a DLK1 intracellular fragment in glioma. Oncogene 2020; 39:4028-4044. [PMID: 32205867 PMCID: PMC7220882 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized in part by severe hypoxia associated with tumor necrosis. The cellular response to hypoxia can influence several properties of tumor cells associated with aggressive tumor growth, including metabolic adaptations and tumor cell migration and invasion. Here, we found that Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1) expression was elevated as compared with normal brain in a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma, and that DLK1 expression increased with tumor grade in human glioma samples. DLK1 expression was highest in hypoxic and perivascular tumor areas, and we found that hypoxia induced the release and nuclear translocation of an intracellular fragment of DLK1 in murine glioma as well as in human glioma cultures. Release of the intracellular fragment was dependent on ADAM17 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1alpha and 2alpha (HIF-1alpha/HIF-2alpha), as ADAM17 inhibitors and HIF1A/HIF2A siRNA blocked DLK1 cleavage. Expression of a cleavable form of DLK1 amplified several hypoxia-induced traits of glioma cells such as colony formation, stem cell marker gene expression, a PI3K-pathway-mediated metabolic shift, and enhanced invasiveness. Effects of DLK1 were dependent on DLK1-cleavage by ADAM17, as expression of non-cleavable DLK1 could not replicate the DLK1-induced hypoxic phenotype. Finally, forced expression of DLK1 resulted in more invasive tumor growth in a PDGFB-induced glioma mouse model without affecting overall survival. Together, our findings suggest a previously undescribed role for DLK1 as an intracellular signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Pantazopoulou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Jing R, Feng H, Jiang N, Zhang H, Fang W, Ni Z, Yuan J. Visceral adipogenesis inhibited by Pref-1 is associated with peritoneal angiogenesis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 25:248-254. [PMID: 31090987 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Studies showed an increased visceral adipose tissue and peritoneal angiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, the relationship between the visceral adipose expands and peritoneal angiogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Pref-1 (preadipocyte factor-1) recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and control AAV were constructed. Mice were divided into four groups, mice in control and PD group were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, mice in control-AAV-PD were injected intraperitoneally with plaque-forming unit (PFU) control AAV and mice in pref-1-AAV-PD group were injected with PFU recombinant AAV. Two weeks later, control group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline while other groups were injected intraperitoneally with 4.25% peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). Thirty days later, viscerall adipose tissue was collected and weighed. Pref-1 protein expression was measured by Western blot, and peritoneal permeability was measured by Evans blue. Cluster of differentiation 31(CD31) immunohistochemical staining was used to detect mesenteric blood vessel number, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Pref-1 protein expression increased in pref-1-AAV-PD group. Visceral adipose expanded in PD and control-AAV-PD group while decreased in pref-1-AAV-PD group, which approves PD fluid enhance visceral adipogensis, and the process could be inhibited by Pref-1 recombinant AAV. The reduction of peritoneal vessel number and the decrease of vascular permeability as well as down-regulation of serum vascular endothelial growth factor observed in pref-1-AAV-PD group suggested peritoneal angiogenesis could be inhibited following visceral adipose tissue reduction. CONCLUSION Visceral adipose expands is associated with peritoneal angiogenesis in PD treatment, and prevention of visceral adipogenesis may be an alternative way to protect the validity of peritoneum. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangzi Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
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Amberg N, Laukoter S, Hippenmeyer S. Epigenetic cues modulating the generation of cell-type diversity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2019; 149:12-26. [PMID: 30276807 PMCID: PMC6587822 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is composed of a large variety of distinct cell-types including projection neurons, interneurons, and glial cells which emerge from distinct neural stem cell lineages. The vast majority of cortical projection neurons and certain classes of glial cells are generated by radial glial progenitor cells in a highly orchestrated manner. Recent studies employing single cell analysis and clonal lineage tracing suggest that neural stem cell and radial glial progenitor lineage progression are regulated in a profound deterministic manner. In this review we focus on recent advances based mainly on correlative phenotypic data emerging from functional genetic studies in mice. We establish hypotheses to test in future research and outline a conceptual framework how epigenetic cues modulate the generation of cell-type diversity during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Amberg
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Susanne Laukoter
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Lagoni LV, Ankerstjerne LBS, Bisgaard HC, Jensen CH, Andersen DC. The imprinted gene Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) is conserved in mammals, and serves a growth modulatory role during tissue development and regeneration through Notch dependent and independent mechanisms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sze L, Tschopp O, Neidert MC, Bernays RL, Ghirlanda C, Zwimpfer C, Wiesli P, Schmid C. Soluble delta-like 1 homolog decreases in patients with acromegaly following pituitary surgery: A potential mediator of adipogenesis suppression by growth hormone? Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 45:20-24. [PMID: 30818110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH excess in acromegaly leads to lower fat mass and insulin resistance; both reverse following pituitary surgery. Soluble delta like-1 homolog (sDlk1) inhibits adipocyte differentiation and may mediate the antiadipogenic effects of GH. It is released into the circulation by ectodomain shedding through 'A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain 17' (ADAM17), which also sheds soluble α-Klotho (sKlotho). Klotho is a transmembrane protein, which influences life span. sKlotho inhibits insulin signalling, and is markedly elevated in acromegaly and decreases after surgery. Therefore, we examined if sDlk1 parallels the course of sKlotho, which could explain the well-known changes in fat mass in patients with acromegaly after surgery. DESIGN We measured serum levels of GH, IGF-1, sDlk1 and sKlotho (both by ELISA) in 42 treatment-naïve acromegaly patients (20 females/22 males) before and 1-3 months after transsphenoidal surgery. Data are presented as median(interquartile range). RESULTS GH decreased in all patients postoperatively (in 32/42 to <1 ng/ml during oral glucose tolerance testing). Likewise, IGF-1 and sKlotho decreased in all patients, from 587 (432-708) to 195 (133-270) ng/ml, and from 4.0 (2.7-5.9) to 0.7 (0.6-1.2) ng/ml, respectively; sDlk1 fell in 40/42 subjects, from 10.7 (5.8-13.4) to 7.1 (3.7-10.4) ng/ml following pituitary surgery. P < 0.0001 for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS sDlk1 declined after pituitary surgery in our patients with acromegaly, but to a lesser extent than sKlotho. It remains to be seen whether this may contribute to the well-known postoperative changes in body composition. Our findings may extend beyond the scope of acromegaly, and thus further elucidate mechanisms in the fields of obesity and anti-ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sze
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Tschopp
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marian C Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - René L Bernays
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, Klinik Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Ghirlanda
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cornelia Zwimpfer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Wiesli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Pfaffenholzstrasse 4, CH-8501 Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Garcia-Gallastegi P, Ruiz-García A, Ibarretxe G, Rivero-Hinojosa S, González-Siccha AD, Laborda J, Crende O, Unda F, García-Ramírez JJ. Similarities and differences in tissue distribution of DLK1 and DLK2 during E16.5 mouse embryogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:47-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Huang J, Zhao X, Wang J, Cheng Y, Wu Q, Wang B, Zhao F, Meng L, Zhang Y, Jin M, Xu H. Distinct roles of Dlk1 isoforms in bi-potential differentiation of hepatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 30646961 PMCID: PMC6334473 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fully understanding the developmental process of hepatic stem cells (HSCs) and the mechanisms of their committed differentiation is essential for optimizing the generation of functional hepatocytes for cell therapy in liver disease. Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), primarily the membrane-bound form (Dlk1M), is generally used as a surface marker for fetal hepatic stem cell isolation, while its soluble form (Dlk1S) and the functional roles of different Dlk1 isoforms in HSC differentiation remain to be investigated. METHODS Hepatic spheroid-derived cells (HSDCs) were isolated from E12.5 mouse livers to obtain Dlk1+ and Dlk1-subpopulations. Colony formation, BrdU staining, and CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the cell proliferation capacity, and hepatic/cholangiocytic differentiation and osteogenesis/adipogenesis were used to assess the multipotency of the two subpopulations. Transformation of Dlk1+ cells into Dlk1- cells was detected by FACS, and the expression of Dlk1 isoforms were measured by western blot. The distinct roles and regulatory mechanisms of Dlk1 isoforms in HSC differentiation were investigated by overexpressing Dlk1M. RESULTS HSDCs were capable of differentiating into liver and mesenchymal lineages, comprising Dlk1+ and Dlk1- subpopulations. Dlk1+ cells expressed both Dlk1M and Dlk1S and lost expression of Dlk1M during passaging, thus transforming into Dlk1- cells, which still contained Dlk1S. Dlk1- cells maintained a self-renewal ability similar to that of Dlk1+ cells, but their capacity to differentiate into cholangiocytes was obviously enhanced. Forced expression of Dlk1M in Dlk1- cells restored their ability to differentiate into hepatocytes, with an attenuated ability to differentiate into cholangiocytes, suggesting a functional role of Dlk1 in regulating HSC differentiation in addition to acting as a biomarker. Further experiments illustrated that the regulation of committed HSC differentiation by Dlk1 was mediated by the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, bFGF was found to serve as an important inducement for the loss of Dlk1M from Dlk1+ cells, and autophagy might be involved. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study uncovered the differential expression and regulatory roles of Dlk1 isoforms in the commitment of HSC differentiation and suggested that Dlk1 functions as a key regulator that instructs cell differentiation rather than only as a marker of HSCs. Thus, our findings expand the current understanding of the differential regulation of bi-potential HSC differentiation and provide a fine-tuning target for cell therapy in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Huang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yiji Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Huanbai Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Delta-like 1 homologue promotes tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma through activation of Notch signaling. Oncogene 2019; 38:3201-3215. [PMID: 30626939 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal type of gynecologic malignancies. Alterations of Notch pathway are prevalent in ovarian carcinogenesis. This study investigated the expression profile and function of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a non-canonical Notch ligand, during ovarian carcinogenesis. Tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of surgically resected samples from 221 patients with ovarian carcinoma was constructed for DLK1 expression. DLK1 overexpression or knockdown was achieved by adenovirus gene delivery to evaluate the effect of DLK1 on the oncogenic behaviors in ovarian cancer cells and in xenografted tumors. TMA analysis revealed that elevated DLK1 expression was correlated with stages, lymph node metastasis and E-cadherin downregulation. Despite no influence on survival among ovarian carcinoma patients, DLK1 overexpression was specially associated with overall survival and progression free survival in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients, constituting an independent prognostic factor for these patients. By adenovirus gene delivery, it was found modulation of cellular DLK1 level regulated the tumorigenic behaviors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis further showed that DLK1 overexpression resulted in escalated proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT and Notch activities. Application of recombinant DLK1 extracellular domain (rDLK1-EC) recapitulated the tumorigenic behaviors of DLK1 in ovarian cancer cells. By using neutralizing antibody or pharmaceutical inhibitor, blockade of Notch signaling attenuated the tumorigenic behaviors evoked by DLK1 overexpression. The present study indicates that DLK1 overexpression participates in ovarian carcinogenesis through Notch activation and EMT induction. Moreover, DLK1 may constitute a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HGSC.
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Zhao BH, Jiang Y, Zhu H, Xi FF, Chen Y, Xu YT, Liu F, Wang YY, Hu WS, Lv WG, Luo Q. Placental Delta-Like 1 Gene DNA Methylation Levels Are Related to Mothers' Blood Glucose Concentration. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9521510. [PMID: 31886292 PMCID: PMC6927055 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9521510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to identify the methylation status of delta-like 1 (DLK1) in the placenta and the correlation between DLK1 methylation and maternal serum glucose level and fetal birth weight. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression of DLK1 gene in both maternal and fetal sides of the placenta in a GDM group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. With MethylTargetTM technique, we detected the methylation status of DLK1 promotor in the placenta. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation was used to confirm the association of methylation alteration of DLK1 promoter and maternal 2 h OGTT glucose level and fetal birth weight. RESULTS In our study, we found that DLK1 expression in both maternal and fetal sides of the placenta decreased significantly in GDM group compared with control group, and it was caused by hypermethylation of DLK1 promoter region. Additionally, the methylation status of DLK1 gene in the maternal side of the placenta highly correlated with maternal 2 h OGTT glucose level (coefficient = 0.7968, P < 0.0001), while the methylation status in the fetal side of the placenta was closely related to fetal birth weight (coefficient = 0.6233, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that altered expression of DLK1 was caused by the hypermethylation of DLK1 promoter region in the placenta, and intrauterine exposure to GDM has long-lasting effects on the epigenome of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xi
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Tao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Nicholson T, Church C, Baker DJ, Jones SW. The role of adipokines in skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin sensitivity. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29760587 PMCID: PMC5944154 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background There is currently an unmet clinical need to develop better pharmacological treatments to improve glucose handling in Type II Diabetes patients with obesity. To this end, determining the effect of obesity-associated adipokines on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity has emerged as an important area of drug discovery research. This review draws together the data on the functional role of adipokines on skeletal muscle insulin signalling, highlights several understudied novel adipokines and provides a perspective on the direction of future research. Main body The adipokines leptin, resistin, visfatin and adiponectin have all been shown to affect skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by impacting on the activity of components within insulin signalling pathways, affecting GLUT4 translocation and modulating insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the adipose tissue secretome has recently identified several novel adipokines including vaspin, chemerin and pref-1 that are associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans and functionally impact on insulin signalling pathways. However, predominantly, these functional findings are the result of studies in rodents, with in vitro studies utilising either rat L6 or murine C2C12 myoblasts and/or myotubes. Despite the methodology to isolate and culture human myoblasts and to differentiate them into myotubes being established, the use of human muscle in vitro models for the functional validation of adipokines on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is limited. Conclusion Understanding the mechanism of action and function of adipokines in mediating insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, to date, studies conducted in human skeletal muscle cells and tissues are limited. Such human in vitro studies should be prioritised in order to reduce the risk of candidate drugs failing in the clinic due to the assumption that rodent skeletal muscle target validation studies will to translate to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nicholson
- 1MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
| | - Chris Church
- 2MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD), Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH UK
| | - David J Baker
- 2MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD), Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- 1MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK.,3Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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30
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Distinct hypoxic regulation of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Soluble delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) stimulates angiogenesis through Notch1/Akt/eNOS signaling in endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:299-312. [PMID: 29383634 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is a non-canonical ligand of Notch signaling, which plays a pivotal role in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of DLK1 in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies, expression analysis revealed a unique vascular tropism of DLK1 in vasculature of neuroblastoma and vascular tumors. Thus, it was hypothesized that DLK1 may be cleaved and then bound to endothelial cells, thereby regulating the endothelial function. To test such hypothesis, soluble DLK1 encompassing DLK1 extracellular domain (DLK1-EC) was generated and validated by its inhibitory function in adipogenesis assay. Recombinant DLK1-EC exhibited the preferential binding capability toward endothelial cells and stimulated the microvessels sprouting in aorta rings. Above all, implantation of DLK1-EC dose-dependently elicited the cornea neovascularization in rats. By using various angiogenesis assays, it was delineated that DLK1-EC stimulated the angiogenesis by promoting the proliferation, motility and tube formation of endothelial cells. By immunoblot and luciferase analysis, it was elucidated that DLK1-EC enhanced the expression and activities of Notch1/Akt/eNOS/Hes-1 signaling in dose- and time-dependent manners. Pharmaceutical blockage of Notch signaling using γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT abrogated the DLK1-EC-induced endothelial migration and Hes-1-driven luciferase activities. Furthermore, Notch1 inactivation by neutralizing antibodies or RNA interference reversed the DLK1-EC-induced angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study unveils the pro-angiogenic function and mechanism of soluble DLK1 through activation of Notch1 signaling in endothelial cells.
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Jensen CH, Garcia Ramirez JJ, Beck HC, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC. The non-canonical NOTCH1 ligand Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) self interacts in mammals. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:460-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tien WS, Chen JH, Wu KP. SheddomeDB: the ectodomain shedding database for membrane-bound shed markers. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28361715 PMCID: PMC5374707 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of membrane-anchored proteins are known to be released from cell surface via ectodomain shedding. The cleavage and release of membrane proteins has been shown to modulate various cellular processes and disease pathologies. Numerous studies revealed that cell membrane molecules of diverse functional groups are subjected to proteolytic cleavage, and the released soluble form of proteins may modulate various signaling processes. Therefore, in addition to the secreted protein markers that undergo secretion through the secretory pathway, the shed membrane proteins may comprise an additional resource of noninvasive and accessible biomarkers. In this context, identifying the membrane-bound proteins that will be shed has become important in the discovery of clinically noninvasive biomarkers. Nevertheless, a data repository for biological and clinical researchers to review the shedding information, which is experimentally validated, for membrane-bound protein shed markers is still lacking. RESULTS In this study, the database SheddomeDB was developed to integrate publicly available data of the shed membrane proteins. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to collect the membrane proteins that were verified to be cleaved or released in the supernatant by immunological-based validation experiments. From 436 studies on shedding, 401 validated shed membrane proteins were included, among which 199 shed membrane proteins have not been annotated or validated yet by existing cleavage databases. SheddomeDB attempted to provide a comprehensive shedding report, including the regulation of shedding machinery and the related function or diseases involved in the shedding events. In addition, our published tool ShedP was embedded into SheddomeDB to support researchers for predicting the shedding event on unknown or unrecorded membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, SheddomeDB is the first database for the identification of experimentally validated shed membrane proteins and currently may provide the most number of membrane proteins for reviewing the shedding information. The database included membrane-bound shed markers associated with numerous cellular processes and diseases, and some of these markers are potential novel markers because they are not annotated or validated yet in other databases. SheddomeDB may provide a useful resource for discovering membrane-bound shed markers. The interactive web of SheddomeDB is publicly available at http://bal.ym.edu.tw/SheddomeDB/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Trotter TN, Gibson JT, Sherpa TL, Gowda PS, Peker D, Yang Y. Adipocyte-Lineage Cells Support Growth and Dissemination of Multiple Myeloma in Bone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3054-3063. [PMID: 27648615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells reside in the bone marrow microenvironment and form complicated interactions with nonneoplastic, resident stromal cells. We previously found that aggressive MM cells shift osteoblast progenitors toward adipogenesis. In addition, adipocytes are among the most common cell types in the adult skeleton; both mature adipocytes and preadipocytes serve as endocrine cells that secrete a number of soluble molecules into the microenvironment. Therefore, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods to test the hypothesis that an increase in adipocyte lineage cells feeds back to promote MM progression. The results of this study revealed that bone marrow from patients with MM indeed contains increased preadipocytes and significantly larger mature adipocytes than normal bone marrow. We also found that preadipocytes and mature adipocytes secrete many molecules important for supporting MM cells in the bone marrow and directly recruit MM cells through both monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and stromal cell-derived factor-1α. Co-culture experiments found that preadipocytes activate Wnt signaling and decrease cleaved caspase-3, whereas mature adipocytes activate ERK signaling in MM cells. Furthermore, mature adipocyte conditioned medium promotes MM growth, whereas co-culture with preadipocytes results in enhanced MM cell chemotaxis in vitro and increased tumor growth in bone in vivo. Combined, these data reveal the importance of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes on MM progression and represent a unique target in the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Trotter
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Justin T Gibson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tshering Lama Sherpa
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pramod S Gowda
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deniz Peker
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Lee D, Yoon SH, Lee HJ, Jo KW, Park BC, Kim IS, Choi Y, Lim JC, Park YW. Human soluble delta-like 1 homolog exerts antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:209-15. [PMID: 27191393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a cell-surface transmembrane protein, produces an active soluble form of DLK1 (sDLK1). Both membrane-bound DLK1 and sDLK1 modulate multiple developmental processes including adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and myogenesis. However, cancer-related functions of DLK1 have not yet been established. We thus evaluated the roles of extracellular sDLK1, comprising six EGF-like domains and juxtamembrane regions, in human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro and in vivo. We observed that sDLK1 exerted antitumor effects not only in cancer cell migration and anchorage-independent cell growth but also in in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Yoon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Jo
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Chan Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seop Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Chae Lim
- ANRT, Inc., PAI CHAI University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Building, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Woo Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Tencerova M, Kassem M. The Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells: Commitment and Regulation of Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27708616 PMCID: PMC5030474 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment represents an important compartment of bone that regulates bone homeostasis and the balance between bone formation and bone resorption depending on the physiological needs of the organism. Abnormalities of BM microenvironmental dynamics can lead to metabolic bone diseases. BM stromal cells (also known as skeletal or mesenchymal stem cells) [bone marrow stromal stem cell (BMSC)] are multipotent stem cells located within BM stroma and give rise to osteoblasts and adipocytes. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms of BMSC lineage commitment to adipocytic lineage and regulation of BM adipocyte formation are not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss recent findings pertaining to identification and characterization of adipocyte progenitor cells in BM and the regulation of differentiation into mature adipocytes. We have also emphasized the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michaela Tencerova,
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Exogenous administration of DLK1 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and regulates gluconeogenesis via activation of AMPK. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:356-65. [PMID: 26315841 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Activation of Notch signaling pathologically enhances lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes. Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), an imprinted gene that can modulate adipogenesis and muscle development in mice, was found as an inhibitory regulator of Notch signaling. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic effect of exogenous DLK1 in vitro and in vivo. SUBJECTS/METHODS A soluble DLK1 peptide was generated with fusion between a human Fc fragment and extracellular domain of DLK1. Male db/db mice were randomly assigned to two groups: vehicle treated and DLK1-treated group (25 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal injection, twice a week for 4 weeks). Primary mice hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS After 4 weeks of DLK1 administration, hepatic triglyceride content and lipid droplets in liver tissues, as well as serum levels of liver enzymes, were markedly decreased in db/db mice. DLK1 treatment induced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and suppressed nuclear expression of SREBP-1c in the mouse liver or hepatocytes, indicating regulation of fatty acid oxidation and synthesis pathways. Furthermore, DLK1-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of fasting and random glucose, with improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared with the vehicle-treated group. Macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the epididymal fat were decreased in DLK1-treated db/db mice. Moreover, DLK1 suppressed glucose production from hepatocytes, which was blocked after co-administration of an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. DLK1-treated hepatocytes and mouse liver tissues showed lower PEPCK and G6Pase expression. DLK1 triggered AKT phosphorylation followed by cytosolic translocation of FOXO1 from the nucleus in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that exogenous administration of DLK1 reduced hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia via AMPK activation in the liver. This result suggests that DLK1 may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating NAFLD and diabetes.
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Prenatal notch1 receptor blockade by protein delta homolog 1 (DLK1) modulates adipocyte size in vivo. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:698-705. [PMID: 26499442 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The protein delta homolog 1 (DLK1) has been reported to have an important role as inhibitor of adipogenesis. Understanding its mode of action can be a promising approach to cope with the formation of obesity. However, data on DLK1 signaling are not consistent, and especially its role as negative regulator of Notch receptors is discussed controversially. METHODS DLK1 effects have been investigated in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells by Adipokine Profiler Array, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In vivo effects of DLK1 on adipogenesis have been studied by the DLK1 treatment of pregnant C57BL/6NTac mice and the phenotypical characterization of the offspring fed on chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Furthermore, gene expression of key adipogenesis genes in adipose tissue (AT) samples was observed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 cells, DLK1 was found to be an inhibitor of Notch1 signaling. Gene expression of Notch1 and Hes1 was lowered by 53% and 65%, respectively, and the expression of protein target PAI-1 was decreased by 51%. The offspring of DLK1-treated pregnant mice were fed chow or HFD starting from week 4. At week 18, a larger proportion of visceral AT was determined on HFD after DLK1 treatment (P=0.011), whereas adipocyte size was reduced (P=0.007 for maximal size). This was affiliated to an upregulation of adipocyte differentiation. The underlying mechanism was found in an increased expression of the Notch1 receptor gene and protein in AT of the offsprings independently of the diet. However, feeding a chow diet resulted in a decreased expression of Notch1 target genes Hes1 and RBP-Jκ, whereas under HFD these genes were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of mice with recombinant human DLK1 during pregnancy has significant effects on AT of the offspring. This can be associated with counter-regulatory changes in the Notch1 signaling cascade.
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González MJ, Ruiz-García A, Monsalve EM, Sánchez-Prieto R, Laborda J, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ. DLK1 is a novel inflammatory inhibitor which interferes with NOTCH1 signaling in TLR-activated murine macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2615-27. [PMID: 26115479 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like protein 1 (DLK1) is a noncanonical ligand that inhibits NOTCH1 receptor activity and regulates multiple differentiation processes. In macrophages, NOTCH signaling increases TLR-induced expression of key pro-inflammatory mediators. We have investigated the role of DLK1 in macrophage activation and inflammation using Dlk1-deficient mice and Raw 264.7 cells overexpressing Dlk1. In the absence of Dlk1, NOTCH1 expression is increased and the activation of macrophages with TLR3 or TLR4 agonists leads to higher production of IFN-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-23. The expression of key proteins involved in IFN-β signaling, such as IRF3, IRF7, IRF1, or STAT1, as well as cRel, or RelB, which are responsible for the generation of IL-12 and IL-23, is enhanced in Dlk1 KO macrophages. Consistently, Dlk1 KO mice are more sensitive to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. These effects seem to be mediated through the modulation of NOTCH1 signaling. TLR4 activation reduces DLK1 expression, whereas increases NOTCH1 levels. In addition, DLK1 expression diminishes during differentiation of human U937 cells to macrophages. Overall, these results reveal a novel role for DLK1 as a regulator of NOTCH-mediated, pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, which could help to ensure a baseline level preventing constant tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J González
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Almudena Ruiz-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva M Monsalve
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - María J M Díaz-Guerra
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - María J Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
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Wang Y, Lee K, Moon YS, Ahmadian M, Kim KH, Roder K, Kang C, Sul HS. Overexpression of Pref-1 in pancreatic islet β-cells in mice causes hyperinsulinemia with increased islet mass and insulin secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:630-5. [PMID: 25918019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is made as a transmembrane protein containing EGF-repeats at the extracellular domain that can be cleaved to generate a biologically active soluble form. Pref-1 is found in islet β-cells and its level has been reported to increase in neonatal rat islets upon growth hormone treatment. We found here that Pref-1 can promote growth of pancreatic tumor derived AR42J cells. To examine Pref-1 function in pancreatic islets in vivo, we generated transgenic mouse lines overexpressing the Pref-1/hFc in islet β-cells using rat insulin II promoter (RIP). These transgenic mice exhibit an increase in islet mass with higher proportion of larger islets in pancreas compared to wild-type littermates. This is in contrast to pancreas from Pref-1 null mice that show higher proportion of smaller islets. Insulin expression and insulin secretion from pancreatic islets from RIP-Pref-1/hFc transgenic mice are increased also. Thus, RIP-Pref-1/hFc transgenic mice show normal glucose levels but with higher plasma insulin levels in both fasting and fed conditions. These mice show improved glucose tolerance. Taken together, we conclude Pref-1 as a positive regulator of islet β-cells and insulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Soo Moon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maryam Ahmadian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karim Roder
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chulho Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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A Monoclonal Antibody to Human DLK1 Reveals Differential Expression in Cancer and Absence in Healthy Tissues. Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Stuart WD, Brown NE, Paluch AM, Waltz SE. Loss of Ron receptor signaling leads to reduced obesity, diabetic phenotypes and hepatic steatosis in response to high-fat diet in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E562-72. [PMID: 25648832 PMCID: PMC4385874 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00467.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ron receptor tyrosine kinase is a heterodimeric, membrane-spanning glycoprotein that participates in divergent processes, including proliferation, motility, and modulation of inflammatory responses. We observed male C57BL/6 mice with a global deletion of the Ron tyrosine kinase signaling domain (TK(-/-)) to be leaner compared with control (TK(+/+)) mice under a standard diet. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), TK(-/-) mice gained 50% less weight and were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant than controls. Livers from HFD TK(-/-) mice were considerably less steatotic and weighed significantly less than TK(+/+) livers. Serum cytokine levels of HFD TK(-/-) mice were also significantly altered compared with TK(+/+) mice. Fewer and smaller adipocytes were present in the TK(-/-) mice on both control and HFD and were accompanied by diminished adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression. In vitro adipogenesis experiments suggested reduced differentiation in TK(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that was rescued by Ron reconstitution. Likewise, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 phosphorylation was diminished in TK(-/-) MEFs but was increased after Ron reconstitution. The adipogenic inhibitors, preadipocyte factor 1 and Sox9, were elevated in TK(-/-) MEFs and increased in both groups after STAT3 silencing. In total, these studies document a previously unknown function for the Ron receptor in mediating HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Stuart
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Nicholas E Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Andrew M Paluch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Susan E Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Research, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Guarnerio J, Riccardi L, Taulli R, Maeda T, Wang G, Hobbs RM, Song MS, Sportoletti P, Bernardi R, Bronson RT, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Lunardi A, Pandolfi PP. A genetic platform to model sarcomagenesis from primary adult mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:396-409. [PMID: 25614485 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The regulatory factors governing adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) physiology and their tumorigenic potential are still largely unknown, which substantially delays the identification of effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of aggressive and lethal forms of MSC-derived mesenchymal tumors, such as undifferentiated sarcomas. Here, we have developed a novel platform to screen and quickly identify genes and pathways responsible for adult MSC transformation, modeled undifferentiated sarcoma in vivo, and, ultimately, tested the efficacy of targeting the identified oncopathways. Importantly, by taking advantage of this new platform, we demonstrate the key role of an aberrant LRF-DLK1-SOX9 pathway in the pathogenesis of undifferentiated sarcoma, with important therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE The paucity of therapeutic options for the treatment of sarcoma calls for a rapid and effective preclinical assessment of new therapeutic modalities. We have here developed a new platform to deconstruct the molecular genetics underlying the pathogenesis of sarcoma and to evaluate in vivo the efficacy of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luisa Riccardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guocan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Min Sup Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Leukemia Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rodent Histopathology Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Abdallah BM, Jafari A, Zaher W, Qiu W, Kassem M. Skeletal (stromal) stem cells: an update on intracellular signaling pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2015; 70:28-36. [PMID: 25138551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal (marrow stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Studying signaling pathways that regulate BMSC differentiation into osteoblastic cells is a strategy for identifying druggable targets for enhancing bone formation. This review will discuss the functions and the molecular mechanisms of action on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; of a number of recently identified regulatory molecules: the non-canonical Notch signaling molecule Delta-like 1/preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1/Pref-1), the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 and intracellular kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Zaher
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Phenotypic Changes in Hepatic Stellate Cells in Response to Toxic Liver Injury. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) inhibits proliferation and myotube formation of avian QM7 myoblasts. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 179:37-43. [PMID: 25250736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) has been implicated as an important regulator in mammalian muscle development. Our previous studies showed that different alternative splicing isoforms have distinct functions in the regulation of myogenesis in mice. Unlike most mammals, including mice, pigs, cattle, and sheep, DLK1 mRNA for avian species has a single form without alternative splicing. In the current study, we have used QM7 cells, a quail myoblast, to study the role of DLK1 in the regulation of avian myogenesis. Overexpression of DLK1 inhibited myogenesis with a lower fusion rate and thinner myotube compared to the control QM7 cells. Comparison of relative levels of protein and mRNA showed down-regulation of PAX7, MYOG, and MHC, and up-regulation of MYOD by DLK1, suggesting that quail DLK1 inhibits myogenesis at later stages of myogenic differentiation and myotube formation. DLK1 reduced the QM7 cell growth rate which is accompanied by a lower percentage of bromodeoxyuridine positive cells, indicating an inhibitory role of DLK1 in proliferation. During the early post-hatch ages, the relatively slower increase in the amount of total DNA mass in breast muscle of the heavy weight quail line, that has been selected for over 40 generations, could be partially explained by the higher expression of DLK1 compared to the control quail. Taken together, DLK1 inhibits myogenic differentiation and proliferation by regulating the expression levels of myogenic factors in quail. In addition, the regulation of expression level and cleavage of full-length DLK1 may be important factors for regulating myogenesis in quail having no splicing variants of DLK1.
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Qiu J, Zhou Q, Zhai X, Jia X, Zhou Y. Curcumin regulates delta-like homolog 1 expression in activated hepatic stellate cell. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fat depot-specific differences in pref-1 gene expression and adipocyte cellularity between Wagyu and Holstein cattle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:310-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Membrane-bound delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) promotes while soluble Dlk1 inhibits myogenesis in C2C12 cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1100-8. [PMID: 24582655 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) is important in myogenesis. However, the roles of different Dlk1 isoforms have not been investigated. In C2C12 cell lines producing different Dlk1 isoforms, membrane-bound Dlk1 promoted the hypertrophic phenotype and a higher fusion rate, whereas soluble Dlk1 inhibited myotube formation. Inversed expression patterns of genes related to myogenic differentiation further support these phenotypic changes. In addition, temporal expression and balance between the Dlk1 isoforms have a regulatory role in myogenesis in vivo. Collectively, Dlk1 isoforms have distinctive effects on myogenesis, and its regulation during myogenesis is critical for normal muscle development.
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Persson-Augner D, Lee YW, Tovar S, Dieguez C, Meister B. Delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1) protein in neurons of the arcuate nucleus that control weight homeostasis and effect of fasting on hypothalamic DLK1 mRNA. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 100:209-20. [PMID: 25342302 DOI: 10.1159/000369069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1; also called preadipocyte factor 1) is an epidermal growth factor repeat-containing transmembrane protein that is cleaved by tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme to generate a biologically active soluble form. DLK1 is involved in the differentiation of several cell types, including adipocytes. Lack of the dlk1 gene results in adiposity, and polymorphism within the gene encoding DLK1 is associated with human obesity. The dlk1 gene is expressed in restricted areas of the adult brain, with an enrichment of cell bodies expressing DLK1 mRNA in the hypothalamus. Antibodies to DLK1 were used to study the cellular localization and chemical identity of DLK1-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in rat hypothalamus. DLK1 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the cell soma and dendrites of cell bodies in the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, arcuate nuclei and in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area. In the arcuate nucleus (Arc), DLK1 immunoreactivity was mainly seen in many neurons of the ventromedial and to a lesser extent in its ventrolateral division. Double labeling showed that 93.7% of orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and 94.1% of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons located in the ventromedial part of the Arc were DLK1 positive, whereas 36.1% of anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin and 34.6% of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons of the Arc contained DLK1 immunoreactivity. DLK1 mRNA was downregulated in the hypothalamus of fasted animals. Presence of DLK1 in the majority of orexigenic Arc NPY/AgRP neurons and regulation of DLK1 mRNA by nutritional challenge suggest that DLK1 has a role in hypothalamic regulation of body weight control. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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