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Yan X, Zhang Q, Zhang M, He Z, Liu R, Liu J, Ren D, Zeng X, Lv T, Yuan X. MiR-143-3p regulates chondrogenic differentiation of synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stress through the BMPR2-Smad signalling pathway by targeting BMPR2. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:1507-1520. [PMID: 38717032 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the synovium, known as synovium mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), exhibit significant potential for articular cartilage regeneration owing to their capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. However, the microRNAs (miRNAs) governing this process and the associated mechanisms remain unclear. While mechanical stress positively influences chondrogenesis in MSCs, the miRNA-mediated response of SMSCs to mechanical stimuli is not well understood. OBJECTIVE This study explores the miRNA-driven mechano-transduction in SMSCs chondrogenesis under mechanical stress. METHODS The surface phenotype of SMSCs was analysed by flow cytometry. Chondrogenesis capacities of SMSCs were examined by Alcian blue staining. High throughput sequencing was used to screen mechano-sensitive miRNAs of SMSCs. The RNA expression level of COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, BMPR2 and miR-143-3p of SMSCs were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction between miR-143-3p and TLR4 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The protein expression levels of related genes were assessed by western blot. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing revealed a notable reduction in miR-143-3p levels in mechanically stressed SMSCs. Gain- or loss-of-function strategies introduced by lentivirus demonstrated that miR-143-3p overexpression hindered chondrogenic differentiation, whereas its knockdown promoted this process. Bioinformatics scrutiny and luciferase reporter assays pinpointed a potential binding site for miR-143-3p within the 3'-UTR of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). MiR-143-3p overexpression decreased BMPR2 expression and phosphorylated Smad1, 5 and 8 levels, while its inhibition activated BMPR2-Smad pathway. CONCLUSION This study elucidated that miR-143-3p negatively regulates SMSCs chondrogenic differentiation through the BMPR2-Smad pathway under mechanical tensile stress. The direct targeting of BMPR2 by miR-143-3p established a novel dimension to our understanding of mechano-transduction mechanism during SMSC chondrogenesis. This understanding is crucial for advancing strategies in articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Zijing He
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Vora M, Dietz J, Wing Z, Liu J, Rongo C, Savage-Dunn C. Genome-wide analysis of Smad and Schnurri transcription factors in C. elegans demonstrates widespread interaction and a function in collagen secretion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597576. [PMID: 38895257 PMCID: PMC11185707 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Smads and their transcription factor partners mediate the transcriptional responses of target cells to secreted ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family, including those of the conserved bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, yet only a small number of direct target genes have been well characterized. In C. elegans, the BMP2/4 ortholog DBL-1 regulates multiple biological functions, including body size, via a canonical receptor-Smad signaling cascade. Here, we identify functional binding sites for SMA-3/Smad and its transcriptional partner SMA-9/Schnurri based on ChIP-seq peaks (identified by modEncode) and expression differences of nearby genes identified from RNA-seq analysis of corresponding mutants. We found that SMA-3 and SMA-9 have both overlapping and unique target genes. At a genome-wide scale, SMA-3/Smad acts as a transcriptional activator, whereas SMA-9/Schnurri direct targets include both activated and repressed genes. Mutations in sma-9 partially suppress the small body size phenotype of sma-3, suggesting some level of antagonism between these factors and challenging the prevailing model for Schnurri function. A functional analysis of target genes revealed a novel role in body size for genes involved in one-carbon metabolism and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) secretory pathway, including the disulfide reductase dpy-11. Our findings indicate that Smads and SMA-9/Schnurri have previously unappreciated complex genetic and genomic regulatory interactions that in turn regulate the secretion of extracellular components like collagen into the cuticle to mediate body size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Vora
- Waksman Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
- ModOmics Ltd, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan Dietz
- Waksman Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Zachary Wing
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, NY, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | | | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, the Graduate Center, CUNY, NY, USA
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Lin R, Li H, Lin W, Yang F, Bao X, Pan C, Lai L, Lin W. Whole-genome selection signature differences between Chaohu and Ji'an red ducks. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:522. [PMID: 38802792 PMCID: PMC11131323 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing the genetic structure of local varieties and understanding their genetic data are crucial for effective management and preservation. However, the genetic differences among local breeds require further explanation. To enhance our understanding of their population structure and genetic diversity, we conducted a genome-wide comparative study of Chaohu and Ji'an Red ducks using genome sequence and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technology. Our analysis revealed a distinct genetic distinction between the two breeds, leading to divided groups. The phylogenetic tree for Chaohu duck displayed two branches, potentially indicating minimal impact from artificial selection. Additionally, our ROH (runs of homozygosity) analysis revealed that Chaohu ducks had a lower average inbreeding coefficient than Ji'an Red ducks. We identified several genomic regions with high genetic similarity in these indigenous duck breeds. By conducting a selective sweep analysis, we identified 574 candidate genes associated with muscle growth (BMP2, ITGA8, MYLK, and PTCH1), fat deposits (ELOVL1 and HACD2), and pigmentation (ASIP and LOC101797494). These results offer valuable insights for the further enhancement and conservation of Chinese indigenous duck breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihuang Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Bao
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfu Pan
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjie Lai
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Welch CL, Aldred MA, Balachandar S, Dooijes D, Eichstaedt CA, Gräf S, Houweling AC, Machado RD, Pandya D, Prapa M, Shaukat M, Southgate L, Tenorio-Castano J, Chung WK. Defining the clinical validity of genes reported to cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. Genet Med 2023; 25:100925. [PMID: 37422716 PMCID: PMC10766870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive vasculopathy with significant cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Genetic testing is currently recommended for adults diagnosed with heritable, idiopathic, anorexigen-, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-, and congenital heart disease-associated PAH, PAH with overt features of venous/capillary involvement, and all children diagnosed with PAH. Variants in at least 27 genes have putative evidence for PAH causality. Rigorous assessment of the evidence is needed to inform genetic testing. METHODS An international panel of experts in PAH applied a semi-quantitative scoring system developed by the NIH Clinical Genome Resource to classify the relative strength of evidence supporting PAH gene-disease relationships based on genetic and experimental evidence. RESULTS Twelve genes (BMPR2, ACVRL1, ATP13A3, CAV1, EIF2AK4, ENG, GDF2, KCNK3, KDR, SMAD9, SOX17, and TBX4) were classified as having definitive evidence and 3 genes (ABCC8, GGCX, and TET2) with moderate evidence. Six genes (AQP1, BMP10, FBLN2, KLF2, KLK1, and PDGFD) were classified as having limited evidence for causal effects of variants. TOPBP1 was classified as having no known PAH relationship. Five genes (BMPR1A, BMPR1B, NOTCH3, SMAD1, and SMAD4) were disputed because of a paucity of genetic evidence over time. CONCLUSION We recommend that genetic testing includes all genes with definitive evidence and that caution be taken in the interpretation of variants identified in genes with moderate or limited evidence. Genes with no known evidence for PAH or disputed genes should not be included in genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Micheala A Aldred
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Srimmitha Balachandar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina A Eichstaedt
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, at Heidelberg University Hospital and Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräf
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research - Rare Diseases, Department of Haemotology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matina Prapa
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Memoona Shaukat
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, at Heidelberg University Hospital and Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IDiPAZ, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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Tang J, Tan M, Liao S, Pang M, Li J. Recent progress in the biology and physiology of BMP-8a. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:219-228. [PMID: 36594156 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2160326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BMP-8a is a member of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and plays a regulatory role in human growth and development as a transcription regulator. This review aims to summarize the current research on the impact and mechanism of BMP-8a in female and male reproduction, formation and eruption of teeth, bone and cartilage development, tissue differentiation, disease occurrence, progression and prognosis. METHODS The phrases "BMP-8a," "BMPs," "regulator," "mechanism," "osteoblast," "cartilage," "cancer," "disease," and "inflammation" were searched in the PubMed database. The abstracts were evaluated, and a series of original publications and reviews were examined. RESULTS According to the search, BMP-8a affects the development of the uterus by inhibiting luteinization and plays an important role in late spermatogenesis. It is highly expressed in osteogenesis and differentially expressed in chondrogenesis. Furthermore, BMP-8a has a significant impact on the occurrence, development and prognosis of various diseases. CONCLUSIONS BMP-8a regulates important factors and pathways, such as SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8, to promote or inhibit the developmental processes of human reproductive organs. BMP-8a is also a member of the BMP family of proteins that regulates chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In addition to its osteoinductive capabilities, BMP-8a is involved in the progression of diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Liao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengwei Pang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Colin-Pierre C, El Baraka O, Danoux L, Bardey V, André V, Ramont L, Brézillon S. Regulation of stem cell fate by HSPGs: implication in hair follicle cycling. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:77. [PMID: 36577752 PMCID: PMC9797564 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are part of proteoglycan family. They are composed of heparan sulfate (HS)-type glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently linked to a core protein. By interacting with growth factors and/or receptors, they regulate numerous pathways including Wnt, hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. They act as inhibitor or activator of these pathways to modulate embryonic and adult stem cell fate during organ morphogenesis, regeneration and homeostasis. This review summarizes the knowledge on HSPG structure and classification and explores several signaling pathways regulated by HSPGs in stem cell fate. A specific focus on hair follicle stem cell fate and the possibility to target HSPGs in order to tackle hair loss are discussed in more dermatological and cosmeceutical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Colin-Pierre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France.
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France.
| | | | - Louis Danoux
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France
| | | | - Valérie André
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS, Pulnoy, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire-MEDyC, Reims, France
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Advances in bone regeneration with growth factors for spinal fusion: A literature review. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 13:100193. [PMID: 36605107 PMCID: PMC9807829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is regenerated via the spatiotemporal involvement of various cytokines. Among them, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which plays a vital role in the bone regeneration process, has been applied clinically for the treatment of refractory orthopedic conditions. Although BMP therapy using a collagen carrier has shown efficiency in bone regeneration over the last two decades, a major challenge-considerable side effects associated with the acute release of high doses of BMPs-has also been revealed. To improve BMP efficiency, the development of new carriers and biologics that can be used in conjunction with BMPs is currently underway. In this review, we describe the current status and future prospects of bone regeneration therapy, with a focus on BMPs. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics and molecular signaling pathways involving BMPs, clinical applications of BMPs in orthopedics, clinical results of BMP use in human spinal surgeries, drugs combined with BMPs to provide synergistic effects, and novel BMP carriers.
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9
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Dai L, Du L. Genes in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:961848. [PMID: 36506323 PMCID: PMC9730536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.961848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but progressive and lethal vascular disease of diverse etiologies, mainly caused by proliferation of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery, and fibroblasts, which ultimately leads to right-heart hypertrophy and cardiac failure. Recent genetic studies of childhood-onset PAH report that there is a greater genetic burden in children than in adults. Since the first-identified pathogenic gene of PAH, BMPR2, which encodes bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, a receptor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, was discovered, novel causal genes have been identified and substantially sharpened our insights into the molecular genetics of childhood-onset PAH. Currently, some newly identified deleterious genetic variants in additional genes implicated in childhood-onset PAH, such as potassium channels (KCNK3) and transcription factors (TBX4 and SOX17), have been reported and have greatly updated our understanding of the disease mechanism. In this review, we summarized and discussed the advances of genetic variants underlying childhood-onset PAH susceptibility and potential mechanism, and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy and gene delivery approaches to treat childhood-onset PAH in the future.
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BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35879352 PMCID: PMC9314337 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.
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Engineering of a Long-Acting Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 by Fusion with Albumin for the Treatment of Renal Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071334. [PMID: 35890230 PMCID: PMC9316787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) is capable of inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, which subsequently results in protecting the kidney from renal fibrosis, but its lower blood retention and osteogenic activity are bottlenecks for its clinical application. We report herein on the fusion of carbohydrate-deficient human BMP7 and human serum albumin (HSA-BMP7) using albumin fusion technology and site-directed mutagenesis. When using mouse myoblast cells, no osteogenesis was observed in the glycosylated BMP7 derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells in the case of unglycosylated BMP7 derived from Escherichia coli and HSA-BMP7. On the contrary, the specific activity for the Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation of HSA-BMP7 was about 25~50-times lower than that for the glycosylated BMP7, but the phosphorylation activity of the HSA-BMP7 was retained. A pharmacokinetic profile showed that the plasma half-life of HSA-BMP7 was similar to that for HSA and was nearly 10 times longer than that of BMP7. In unilateral ureteral obstruction mice, weekly dosing of HSA-BMP7 significantly attenuated renal fibrosis, but the individual components, i.e., HSA or BMP7, did not. HSA-BMP7 also attenuated a cisplatin-induced acute kidney dysfunction model. The findings reported herein indicate that HSA-BMP7 has the potential for use in clinical applications for the treatment of renal injuries.
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12
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Type II BMP and activin receptors BMPR2 and ACVR2A share a conserved mode of growth factor recognition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102076. [PMID: 35643319 PMCID: PMC9234707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMPR2 is a type II Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β family receptor that is fundamentally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans. BMPR2 shares functional similarities with the type II activin receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B, as it interacts with an overlapping group of TGF-β family growth factors (GFs). However, how BMPR2 recognizes GFs remains poorly understood. Here, we solved crystal structures of BMPR2 in complex with the GF activin B and of ACVR2A in complex with the related GF activin A. We show that both BMPR2 and ACVR2A bind GFs with nearly identical geometry using a conserved hydrophobic hot spot, while differences in contacting residues are predominantly found in loop areas. Upon further exploration of the GF-binding spectrum of the two receptors, we found that although many GFs bind both receptors, the high-affinity BMPR2 GFs comprise BMP15, BMP10, and Nodal, whereas those of ACVR2A are activin A, activin B, and GDF11. Lastly, we evaluated GF-binding domain BMPR2 variants found in human PAH patients. We demonstrate that mutations within the GF-binding interface resulted in loss of GF binding, while mutations in loop areas allowed BMPR2 to retain the ability to bind cognate GFs with high affinity. In conclusion, the in vitro activities of BMPR2 variants and the crystal structures reported here indicate biochemically relevant complexes that explain how some GF-binding domain variants can lead to PAH.
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Wang A, Zhu Z, Li Y, Zhu C, Che Z, Liu T, Liu H, Huang L. Application of BMP in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:810880. [PMID: 35433652 PMCID: PMC9008764 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.810880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, bone nonunion and delayed union are still difficult problems in orthopaedics. Since the discovery of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it has been widely used in various studies due to its powerful role in promoting osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Current results show that BMPs can promote healing of bone defects and reduce the occurrence of complications. However, the mechanism of BMP in vivo still needs to be explored, and application of BMP alone to a bone defect site cannot achieve good therapeutic effects. It is particularly important to modify implants to carry BMP to achieve slow and sustained release effects by taking advantage of the nature of the implant. This review aims to explain the mechanism of BMP action in vivo, its biological function, and how BMP can be applied to orthopaedic implants to effectively stimulate bone healing in the long term. Notably, implantation of a system that allows sustained release of BMP can provide an effective method to treat bone nonunion and delayed bone healing in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjia Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
| | - Lanfeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: He Liu, ; Lanfeng Huang,
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14
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Brown MA, Ried T. Shifting the Focus of Signaling Abnormalities in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:784. [PMID: 35159051 PMCID: PMC8834070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer tumorigenesis occurs incrementally. The process involves the acquisition of mutations which typically follow an established pattern: activation of WNT signaling, activation of RAS signaling, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling. This arrangement recapitulates, to some degree, the stem cell niche of the intestinal epithelium, which maintains WNT and EGF activity while suppressing TGF-β. The resemblance between the intestinal stem cell environment and colon cancer suggests that the concerted activity of these pathways generates and maintains a potent growth-inducing stimulus. However, each pathway has a myriad of downstream targets, making it difficult to identify which aspects of these pathways are drivers. To address this, we utilize the cell cycle, the ultimate regulator of cell proliferation, as a foundation for cross-pathway integration. We attempt to generate an overview of colon cancer signaling patterns by integrating the major colon cancer signaling pathways in the context of cell replication, specifically, the entrance from G1 into S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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15
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BMP7 Increases UCP1-Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis with a Unique Gene Expression Program in Human Neck Area Derived Adipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111078. [PMID: 34832860 PMCID: PMC8625022 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes contribute to energy storage, accumulating lipid droplets, whereas brown and beige adipocytes mainly function in dissipating energy as heat primarily via the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) was shown to drive brown adipocyte differentiation in murine interscapular adipose tissue. Here, we performed global RNA-sequencing and functional assays on adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous (SC) and deep-neck (DN) depots of human neck and differentiated with or without BMP7. We found that BMP7 did not influence differentiation but upregulated browning markers, including UCP1 mRNA and protein in SC and DN derived adipocytes. BMP7 also enhanced mitochondrial DNA content, levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, along with PGC1α and p-CREB upregulation, and fragmentation of mitochondria. Furthermore, both UCP1-dependent proton leak and UCP1-independent, creatine-driven substrate cycle coupled thermogenesis were augmented upon BMP7 addition. The gene expression analysis also shed light on the possible role of genes unrelated to thermogenesis thus far, including ACAN, CRYAB, and ID1, which were among the highest upregulated ones by BMP7 treatment in both types of adipocytes. Together, our study shows that BMP7 strongly upregulates thermogenesis in human neck area derived adipocytes, along with genes, which might have a supporting role in energy expenditure.
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16
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Jensen GS, Leon-Palmer NE, Townsend KL. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the central regulation of energy balance and adult neural plasticity. Metabolism 2021; 123:154837. [PMID: 34331962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current worldwide obesity pandemic highlights a need to better understand the regulation of energy balance and metabolism, including the role of the nervous system in controlling energy intake and energy expenditure. Neural plasticity in the hypothalamus of the adult brain has been implicated in full-body metabolic health, however, the mechanisms surrounding hypothalamic plasticity are incompletely understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control metabolic health through actions in the brain as well as in peripheral tissues such as adipose, together regulating both energy intake and energy expenditure. BMP ligands, receptors, and inhibitors are found throughout plastic adult brain regions and have been demonstrated to modulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis, as well as synaptic and dendritic plasticity. This role for BMPs in adult neural plasticity is distinct from their roles in brain development. Existing evidence suggests that BMPs induce weight loss through hypothalamic pathways, and part of the mechanism of action may be through inducing neural plasticity. In this review, we summarize the data regarding how BMPs affect neural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, as well as the relationship between central BMP signaling and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Jensen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Noelle E Leon-Palmer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America.
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17
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Sabbadini F, Bertolini M, De Matteis S, Mangiameli D, Contarelli S, Pietrobono S, Melisi D. The Multifaceted Role of TGF-β in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163960. [PMID: 34439114 PMCID: PMC8391793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transforming growth factor β signaling pathway elicits a broad range of physiological re-sponses, and its misregulation has been related to cancer. The secreted cytokine TGFβ exerts a tumor-suppressive effect that counteracts malignant transformation. However, once tumor has developed, TGFβ can support tumor progression regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, stimulating fibrosis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Here we review the dichotomous role of TGF-β in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors, as well as its intricate crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We also discuss about the therapeutic strate-gies that are currently explored in clinical trials to counteract TGF-β functions. Abstract Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumorigenesis, it supports tumor progression in advanced stages. Indeed, TGF-β can modulate the tumor microenvironment by modifying the extracellular matrix and by sustaining a paracrine interaction between neighboring cells. Due to its critical role in cancer development and progression, a wide range of molecules targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway are currently under active clinical development in different diseases. Here, we focused on the role of TGF-β in modulating different pathological processes with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Monica Bertolini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, AlmaMater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Yang C, Luo M, Chen Y, You M, Chen Q. MicroRNAs as Important Regulators Mediate the Multiple Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619842. [PMID: 34164391 PMCID: PMC8215576 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-encoding RNAs which play a critical role on the output of the proteins, and influence multiple biological characteristics of the cells and physiological processes in the body. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells and characterized by self-renewal and multidifferentiation and have been widely used for disease treatment and regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, MSCs play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in the body, and dysfunction of MSC differentiation leads to many diseases. The differentiation of MSCs is a complex physiological process and is the result of programmed expression of a series of genes. It has been extensively proven that the differentiation process or programmed gene expression is also regulated accurately by miRNAs. The differentiation of MSCs regulated by miRNAs is also a complex, interdependent, and dynamic process, and a full understanding of the role of miRNAs will provide clues on the appropriate upregulation or downregulation of corresponding miRNAs to mediate the differentiation efficiency. This review summarizes the roles and associated signaling pathways of miRNAs in adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis of MSCs, which may provide new hints on MSCs or miRNAs as therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine and biotherapy for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Min You
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu, China.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
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19
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Kurakula K, Smolders VFED, Tura-Ceide O, Jukema JW, Quax PHA, Goumans MJ. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Cause or Consequence? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010057. [PMID: 33435311 PMCID: PMC7827874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, complex, and progressive disease that is characterized by the abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary arteries that leads to right ventricular failure and death. Although our understanding of the causes for abnormal vascular remodeling in PAH is limited, accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of the first triggers initiating this process. EC dysfunction leads to the activation of several cellular signalling pathways in the endothelium, resulting in the uncontrolled proliferation of ECs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, and eventually leads to vascular remodelling and the occlusion of the pulmonary blood vessels. Other factors that are related to EC dysfunction in PAH are an increase in endothelial to mesenchymal transition, inflammation, apoptosis, and thrombus formation. In this review, we outline the latest advances on the role of EC dysfunction in PAH and other forms of pulmonary hypertension. We also elaborate on the molecular signals that orchestrate EC dysfunction in PAH. Understanding the role and mechanisms of EC dysfunction will unravel the therapeutic potential of targeting this process in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Valérie F. E. D. Smolders
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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21
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Sanchez-Duffhues G, Williams E, Goumans MJ, Heldin CH, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Structure, function and targeting by selective small molecule kinase inhibitors. Bone 2020; 138:115472. [PMID: 32522605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that control the fate and function of many different cell types. They exert their cellular responses via heteromeric complexes of specific BMP type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, e.g. BMPRIA and BMPRII. Three type II and four type I receptors, also termed activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs), have been identified. The constitutively active type II kinase phosphorylates the type I receptor, which upon activation initiates intracellular signaling by phosphorylating SMAD effectors. Auxiliary cell surface receptors without intrinsic enzymatic motifs, such as Endoglin and Repulsive guidance molecules (RGM), can fine-tune signaling by regulating the interaction of the BMP ligands with the BMPRs. The functional annotation of the BMPR encoding genes has helped to understand underlying mechanisms of diseases in which these genes are mutated. Loss of function mutations in BMPRII, Endoglin or RGMc are causally linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and juvenile hemochromatosis, respectively. In contrast, gain of function mutations in ACVR1, encoding ALK2, are linked to Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Here, we discuss BMPR identification, structure and function in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the therapeutic promise of small chemical compounds that act as selective BMPR kinase inhibitors to normalize overactive BMPR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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A Synthetic Peptide, CK2.3, Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis through BMPRIa and ERK Signaling Pathway. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030012. [PMID: 32660129 PMCID: PMC7557985 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system plays an important role in the development and maturation process. Through the bone remodeling process, 10% of the skeletal system is renewed every year. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two major bone cells that are involved in the development of the skeletal system, and their activity is kept in balance. An imbalance between their activities can lead to diseases such as osteoporosis that are characterized by significant bone loss due to the overactivity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Our laboratory has developed a novel peptide, CK2.3, which works as both an anabolic and anti-resorptive agent to induce bone formation and prevent bone loss. We previously reported that CK2.3 mediated mineralization and osteoblast development through the SMAD, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism by which CK2.3 inhibits osteoclast development. We showed that the inhibition of MEK by the U0126 inhibitor rescued the osteoclast development of RAW264.7 induced by RANKL in a co-culture system with CK2.3. We observed that CK2.3 induced ERK activation and BMPRIa expression on Day 1 after stimulation with CK2.3. While CK2.3 was previously reported to induce the SMAD signaling pathway in osteoblast development, we did not observe any changes in SMAD activation in osteoclast development with CK2.3 stimulation. Understanding the mechanism by which CK2.3 inhibits osteoclast development will allow CK2.3 to be developed as a new treatment for osteoporosis.
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23
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Qian S, Pan J, Su Y, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo L, Tang QQ. BMPR2 promotes fatty acid oxidation and protects white adipocytes from cell death in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:200. [PMID: 32350411 PMCID: PMC7190840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte cell death is pathologically involved in both obesity and lipodystrophy. Inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally regarded as inducers for adipocyte apoptosis, but whether some innate defects affect their susceptibility to cell death has not been extensively studied. Here, we found bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) knockout adipocytes were prone to cell death, which involved both apoptosis and pyroptosis. BMPR2 deficiency in adipocytes inhibited phosphorylation of perilipin, a lipid-droplet-coating protein, and impaired lipolysis when stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), which lead to failure of fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, impaired lipolysis was associated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and pyroptosis as well as elevated inflammation. These results suggest that BMPR2 is important for maintaining the functional integrity of adipocytes and their ability to survive when interacting with inflammatory factors, which may explain why adipocytes among individuals show discrepancy for death responses in inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyou Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Southgate L, Machado RD, Gräf S, Morrell NW. Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:85-95. [PMID: 31406341 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Vascular occlusion can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often resulting in right ventricular failure with shortness of breath and syncope. Since the identification of BMPR2, which encodes a receptor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, the development of high-throughput sequencing approaches to identify novel causal genes has substantially advanced our understanding of the molecular genetics of PAH. In the past 6 years, additional pathways involved in PAH susceptibility have been described through the identification of deleterious genetic variants in potassium channels (KCNK3 and ABCC8) and transcription factors (TBX4 and SOX17), among others. Although familial PAH most often has an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, cases of incomplete penetrance and evidence of genetic heterogeneity support a model of PAH as a Mendelian disorder with complex disease features. In this Review, we outline the latest advances in the detection of rare and common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. These findings have clinical implications for lung vascular function and can help to identify mechanistic pathways amenable to pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Is NO the Answer? The Nitric Oxide Pathway Can Support Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Mediated Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101273. [PMID: 31635347 PMCID: PMC6830101 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays an important role in bone development and repair. Despite the positive effects of BMP2 in fracture healing, its use is associated with negative side effects and poor cost effectiveness, partly due to the large amounts of BMP2 applied. Therefore, reduction of BMP2 amounts while maintaining efficacy is of clinical importance. As nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a role in bone fracture healing and an association with the BMP2 pathway has been indicated, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of BMP2 and NO pathways and whether NO can enhance BMP2-induced signaling and osteogenic abilities in vitro. To achieve this, the stable BMP reporter cell line C2C12BRELuc was used to quantify BMP signaling, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression were used to quantify osteogenic potency. C2C12BRELuc cells were treated with recombinant BMP2 in combination with NO donors and substrate (Deta NONOate, SNAP & L-Arginine), NOS inhibitor (LNAME), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (LY83583) and activator (YC-1), BMP type-I receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189), or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H89). It was found that the NOS enzyme, direct NO application, and sGC enhanced BMP2 signaling and improved BMP2 induced osteogenic activity. The application of a PKA inhibitor demonstrated that BMP2 signaling is enhanced by the NO pathway via PKA, underlining the capability of BMP2 in activating the NO pathway. Collectively, this study proves the ability of the NO pathway to enhance BMP2 signaling.
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26
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Goebel EJ, Hart KN, McCoy JC, Thompson TB. Structural biology of the TGFβ family. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1530-1546. [PMID: 31594405 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219880894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway orchestrates a wide breadth of biological processes, ranging from bone development to reproduction. Given this, there has been a surge of interest from the drug development industry to modulate the pathway – at several points. This review discusses and provides additional context for several layers of the TGFβ signaling pathway from a structural biology viewpoint. The combination of structural techniques coupled with biophysical studies has provided a foundational knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing this high impact, ubiquitous pathway, underlying many of the current therapeutic pursuits. This work seeks to consolidate TGFβ-related structural knowledge and educate other researchers of the apparent gaps that still prove elusive. We aim to highlight the importance of these structures and provide the contextual information to understand the contribution to the field, with the hope of advancing the discussion and exploration of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Impact statement The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is a multifacetted and highly regulated pathway, forming the underpinnings of a large range of biological processes. Here, we review and consolidate the key steps in TGFβ signaling using literature rooted in structural and biophysical techniques, with a focus on molecular mechanisms and gaps in knowledge. From extracellular regulation to ligand–receptor interactions and intracellular activation cascades, we hope to provide an introductory base for understanding the TGFβ pathway as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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27
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Zhang YJ, Qing Q, Zhang YJ, Ning LJ, Cui J, Yao X, Luo JC, Ding W, Qin TW. Enhancement of tenogenic differentiation of rat tendon-derived stem cells by biglycan. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15898-15910. [PMID: 30714152 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN) has been identified as one of the critical components of the tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) niche and may be related to tendon formation. However, so far, no study has demonstrated whether the soluble BGN could induce the tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BGN on the tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs. The proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs exposed to different concentrations of BGN (0, 50, 100, and 500 ng/ml) were determined by the live/dead cell staining assay, CCK-8 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis. The BGN signaling pathway of TDSCs (with and without 50 ng/ml of BGN) was determined by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR analysis. At a concentration of 50 ng/ml, BGN increased the expression of the tenogenic markers THBS-4 and TNMD at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Meanwhile, 50 ng/ml of BGN inhibited the expression of the chondrogenic and osteogenic markers SOX9, ACN, and RUNX2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, BGN (50 ng/ml) affected the expression of the components of the extracellular matrix of TDSCs. Additionally, BGN activated the Smad1/5/8 pathway as indicated by an increase in phosphorylation and demonstrated by inhibition experiments. Upregulation in the gene expression of BMP-associated receptors (BMPRII, ActR-IIa, and BMPR-Ib) and Smad pathway components (Smad4 and 8) was observed. Taken together, BGN regulates tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs via BMP7/Smad1/5/8 pathway and this regulation may provide a basic insight into treating tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Qing
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Basic Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ju Ning
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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28
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Inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Type I Receptor Signaling Promotes Remyelination by Potentiating Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0399-18.2019. [PMID: 31028086 PMCID: PMC6529590 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0399-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking inhibitory factors within CNS demyelinating lesions is regarded as a promising strategy to promote remyelination. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an inhibitory factor present in demyelinating lesions. Noggin, an endogenous antagonist to BMP, has previously been shown to increase the number of oligodendrocytes and promote remyelination in vivo. However, it remains unclear how BMP4 signaling inhibits remyelination. Here we investigated the downstream signaling pathway that mediates the inhibitory effect that BMP4 exerts upon remyelination through pharmacological and transgenic approaches. Using the cuprizone mouse model of central demyelination, we demonstrate that selectively blocking BMP4 signaling via the pharmacological inhibitor LDN-193189 significantly promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and the extent of remyelination in vivo. This was accompanied by the downregulation of transcriptional targets that suppress oligodendrocyte differentiation. Further, selective deletion of BMP receptor type IA (BMPRIA) within primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly enhanced their differentiation and subsequent myelination in vitro. Together, the results of this study identify that BMP4 signals via BMPRIA within OPCs to inhibit oligodendroglial differentiation and their capacity to myelinate axons, and suggest that blocking the BMP4/BMPRIA pathway in OPCs is a promising strategy to promote CNS remyelination.
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context-dependent effects, and the strength and duration of BMP pathway signaling is tightly regulated at numerous levels via mechanisms operating both inside and outside the cell. Defects in the BMP pathway or its regulation underlie multiple human diseases of different organ systems. Yet much remains to be discovered about the BMP pathway in its original context, i.e., the skeleton. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of the BMP pathway and its inhibitors in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. We frame the content of the review around major unanswered questions for which incomplete evidence is available. First, we consider the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in osteoblastogenesis. Next, we examine why some BMP ligands are more osteogenic than others and what factors limit BMP signaling during osteoblastogenesis. Then we consider whether specific BMP pathway components are required for normal skeletal development, and if the pathway exerts endogenous effects in the aging skeleton. Finally, we propose two major areas of need of future study by the field: greater resolution of the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in the skeleton, and an expanded repertoire of reagents to reliably and specifically inhibit individual BMP pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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BMP Signaling Determines Body Size via Transcriptional Regulation of Collagen Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 210:1355-1367. [PMID: 30274988 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Body size is a tightly regulated phenotype in metazoans that depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While signaling pathways are known to control organ and body size, the downstream effectors that mediate their effects remain poorly understood. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-related signaling pathway is the major regulator of growth and body size. We investigated the transcriptional network through which the BMP pathway regulates body size and identified cuticle collagen genes as major effectors of growth control. We demonstrate that cuticle collagens can act as positive regulators (col-41), negative regulators (col-141), or dose-sensitive regulators (rol-6) of body size. Moreover, we find a requirement of BMP signaling for stage-specific expression of cuticle collagen genes. We show that the Smad signal transducers directly bind conserved Smad-binding elements in regulatory regions of col-141 and col-142, but not of col-41 Hence, cuticle collagen genes may be directly and indirectly regulated via the BMP pathway. Our work thus connects a conserved signaling pathway with its critical downstream effectors, advancing insight into how body size is specified. Since collagen mutations and misregulation are implicated in numerous human genetic disorders and injury sequelae, understanding how collagen gene expression is regulated has broad implications.
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31
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Nakashima R, Song H, Enomoto T, Murata Y, McClaid MR, Casto BC, Weghorst CM. Genetic alterations in the transforming growth factor receptor complex in sporadic endometrial carcinoma. Gene Expr 2018; 8:341-52. [PMID: 10947082 PMCID: PMC6157378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) ligand, including inhibition of cell proliferation, are mediated by a heteromeric receptor complex composed of TGFbeta types I and II receptors (TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II). Loss of responsiveness to TGFbeta, attributed to inactivation of the TbetaR complex, has been implicated in the development of tumors in a number of human epithelial and lymphoid tissues. To gain a better understanding of TGFbeta signal transduction pathways in endometrial carcinogenesis, we have investigated the role of the TbetaR complex by evaluating the TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II genes for mutations throughout the entire coding region in human sporadic endometrial tumors. Using reverse transcription-PCR, "Cold" single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct DNA sequencing, it was found that 1 of 39 (2.6%) and 7 of 42 samples (17%) contained code-altering changes in the kinase domain of TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II, respectively. In 7betaR-I, a 3-bp deletion was found resulting in replacement of Arg and Glu at codon 237 and 238 by Lys. With TbetaR-II, mutations were found in the kinase, the extracellular, and the C-terminal domains. No frameshift mutations were detected; however, a silent population polymorphism (AAC-->AAT at codon 389) in TbetaR-II was found in 19 of 42 (44%) tumor samples. These results suggest that alteration in TbetaR-II, but not TbetaR-I, has an important role in the development of endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nakashima
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1240, USA
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Yang Z, Li R, Ao J, Wa QD, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wen J, Chen B, Pan W, Li B, Tian XB. miR-1307-3p suppresses the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by targeting BMPR2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3115-3124. [PMID: 30272255 PMCID: PMC6202098 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in several physiological processes, including chondrogenic differentiation, however, their expression and roles in the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) remain to be fully elucidated to date. Our previous study showed that miR-1307-3p was significantly downregulated during chondrogenic differentiation by microarray and northern blot analysis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-1307-3p on chondrogenic differentiation and the underlying mechanisms. First, the decreased expression of miR-1307-3p was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Subsequently, gain- and loss-of-function of miR-1307-3p experiments showed that the overexpression of miR-1307-3p suppressed the deposition of cartilage matrix proteoglycans and decreased the expression of cartilage-related markers, including sex determining region Y-box 9, collagen type II α1 chain and aggrecan, whereas the knockdown of miR-1307-3p had the opposite effect. In addition, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) was identified as a target of miR-1307-3p. Further mechanistic investigations showed that miR-1307-3p attenuated the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs at least partly by inhibiting BMPR2-mothers against decapentaplegic signaling pathways. In conclusion, the findings revealed that miR-1307-3p inhibited the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs by targeting BMPR2 and its down-stream signaling pathway, which may provide novel therapeutic clues for the treatment of cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ao
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-De Wa
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Guizhou University), Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Tian
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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33
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Fujita S, Hasegawa T, Nishiyama Y, Fujisawa S, Nakano Y, Nada T, Iwata N, Kamada Y, Masuyama H, Otsuka F. Interaction between orexin A and bone morphogenetic protein system on progesterone biosynthesis by rat granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:73-79. [PMID: 29545164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of orexins in reproductive function has been gradually uncovered. However, the functional role of orexins in ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of orexin A on ovarian steroidogenesis by using rat primary granulosa cells that express both OX1 and OX2 receptors for orexins. Treatment with orexin A enhanced progesterone, but not estradiol, biosynthesis induced by FSH, whereas it did not affect basal levels of progesterone or estradiol. In accordance with the effects on steroidogenesis, orexin A increased the mRNA levels of progesterogenic enzymes, including StAR, P450scc and 3βHSD, but not P450arom, and cellular cAMP synthesis induced by FSH. Under the condition of blockage of endogenous BMP actions by noggin or BMP-signaling inhibitors, orexin A failed to increase levels of progesterone synthesis induced by FSH treatment, suggesting that endogenous BMP activity in granulosa cells might be involved in the enhancement of progesterone synthesis by orexin A. Treatment with orexin A impaired Smad1/5/9 activation as well as Id-1 mRNA expression stimulated by BMP-6 and BMP-7, the latter of which was reversed by treatment with an OX1 antagonist. It was also found that orexin A suppressed the mRNA expression of both type-I and -II receptors for BMPs and increased that of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 in granulosa cells. On the other hand, treatments with BMP-6 and -7 suppressed the expression of OX1 and OX2. Collectively, the results indicated that orexin A enhances FSH-induced progesterone production, at least in part, by downregulating BMP signaling in granulosa cells. Thus, a new role of orexin A in facilitating progesterone synthesis and functional interaction between the orexin and BMP systems in granulosa cells were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishiyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nada
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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34
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Xu X, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, Cao X. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Bone Res 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29423331 PMCID: PMC5802812 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β 1-3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The biological functions of TGF-β in adults can only be delivered after ligand activation, mostly in response to environmental perturbations. Although involved in multiple biological and pathological processes of the human body, the exact roles of TGF-β in maintaining stem cells and tissue homeostasis have not been well-documented until recent advances, which delineate their functions in a given context. Our recent findings, along with data reported by others, have clearly shown that temporal and spatial activation of TGF-β is involved in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cell participation in tissue regeneration/remodeling process, whereas sustained abnormalities in TGF-β ligand activation, regardless of genetic or environmental origin, will inevitably disrupt the normal physiology and lead to pathobiology of major diseases. Modulation of TGF-β signaling with different approaches has proven effective pre-clinically in the treatment of multiple pathologies such as sclerosis/fibrosis, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms by which TGF-β is activated in different tissues/organs and how targeted cells respond in a context-dependent way can likely be translated with clinical benefits in the management of a broad range of diseases with the involvement of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Janet L. Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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35
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van der Ven AT, Vivante A, Hildebrandt F. Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Monogenic Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:36-50. [PMID: 29079659 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a large spectrum of congenital malformations ranging from severe manifestations, such as renal agenesis, to potentially milder conditions, such as vesicoureteral reflux. CAKUT causes approximately 40% of ESRD that manifests within the first three decades of life. Several lines of evidence indicate that CAKUT is often caused by recessive or dominant mutations in single (monogenic) genes. To date, approximately 40 monogenic genes are known to cause CAKUT if mutated, explaining 5%-20% of patients. However, hundreds of different monogenic CAKUT genes probably exist. The discovery of novel CAKUT-causing genes remains challenging because of this pronounced heterogeneity, variable expressivity, and incomplete penetrance. We here give an overview of known genetic causes for human CAKUT and shed light on distinct renal morphogenetic pathways that were identified as relevant for CAKUT in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie T van der Ven
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Antebi YE, Linton JM, Klumpe H, Bintu B, Gong M, Su C, McCardell R, Elowitz MB. Combinatorial Signal Perception in the BMP Pathway. Cell 2017; 170:1184-1196.e24. [PMID: 28886385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway comprises multiple ligands and receptors that interact promiscuously with one another and typically appear in combinations. This feature is often explained in terms of redundancy and regulatory flexibility, but it has remained unclear what signal-processing capabilities it provides. Here, we show that the BMP pathway processes multi-ligand inputs using a specific repertoire of computations, including ratiometric sensing, balance detection, and imbalance detection. These computations operate on the relative levels of different ligands and can arise directly from competitive receptor-ligand interactions. Furthermore, cells can select different computations to perform on the same ligand combination through expression of alternative sets of receptor variants. These results provide a direct signal-processing role for promiscuous receptor-ligand interactions and establish operational principles for quantitatively controlling cells with BMP ligands. Similar principles could apply to other promiscuous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron E Antebi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - James M Linton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Heidi Klumpe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bogdan Bintu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mengsha Gong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christina Su
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Reed McCardell
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Wagner I, Wang H, Weissert PM, Straube WL, Shevchenko A, Gentzel M, Brito G, Tazaki A, Oliveira C, Sugiura T, Shevchenko A, Simon A, Drechsel DN, Tanaka EM. Serum Proteases Potentiate BMP-Induced Cell Cycle Re-entry of Dedifferentiating Muscle Cells during Newt Limb Regeneration. Dev Cell 2017; 40:608-617.e6. [PMID: 28350991 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Limb amputation in the newt induces myofibers to dedifferentiate and re-enter the cell cycle to generate proliferative myogenic precursors in the regeneration blastema. Here we show that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and mature BMPs that have been further cleaved by serum proteases induce cell cycle entry by dedifferentiating newt muscle cells. Protease-activated BMP4/7 heterodimers that are present in serum strongly induced myotube cell cycle re-entry with protease cleavage yielding a 30-fold potency increase of BMP4/7 compared with canonical BMP4/7. Inhibition of BMP signaling via muscle-specific dominant-negative receptor expression reduced cell cycle entry in vitro and in vivo. In vivo inhibition of serine protease activity depressed cell cycle re-entry, which in turn was rescued by cleaved-mimic BMP. This work identifies a mechanism of BMP activation that generates blastema cells from differentiated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wagner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp M Weissert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner L Straube
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Gentzel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Goncalo Brito
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akira Tazaki
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Takuji Sugiura
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre of Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David N Drechsel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Gao S, Wang Z, Wang W, Hu X, Chen P, Li J, Feng X, Wong J, Du JX. The lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 methylates the kinase domain of type II receptor BMPR2 and stimulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12702-12712. [PMID: 28588028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation of chromosomal and nuclear proteins is a well-known mechanism of epigenetic regulation, but relatively little is known about the role of this protein modification in signal transduction. Using an RNAi-based functional screening of the SMYD family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), we identified SMYD2 as a KMT essential for robust bone morphogenic protein (BMP)- but not TGFβ-induced target gene expression in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. A role for SMYD2 in BMP-induced gene expression was confirmed by shRNA knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of SMYD2 We further demonstrate that SMYD2 knockdown or knock-out impairs BMP-induced phosphorylation of the signal-transducing protein SMAD1/5 and SMAD1/5 nuclear localization and interaction with SMAD4. The SMYD2 KMT activity was required to facilitate BMP-mediated signal transduction, as treatment with the SMYD2 inhibitor AZ505 suppressed BMP2-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we present evidence that SMYD2 likely modulates the BMP response through its function in the cytosol. We show that, although SMYD2 interacted with multiple components in the BMP pathway, it specifically methylated the kinase domain of BMP type II receptor BMPR2. Taken together, our findings suggest that SMYD2 may promote BMP signaling by directly methylating BMPR2, which, in turn, stimulates BMPR2 kinase activity and activation of the BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wencai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peilin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinhua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - James X Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Green JB, Hart B, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Salehi A, Fox CJ. Pulmonary Vasodilators and Anesthesia Considerations. Anesthesiol Clin 2017; 35:221-232. [PMID: 28526144 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex disease process of the pulmonary vasculature system characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. Patients with PH are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality, including intraoperatively and postoperatively. Appreciation by the clinical anesthesiologist of the pathophysiology of PH is warranted. Careful and meticulous strategy using appropriate anesthetic medications, pulmonary vasodilator and inotropic agents, and careful fluid management all increase the likelihood of the best possible outcome in this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Green
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brendon Hart
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles J Fox
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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40
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Patiño LC, Silgado D, Laissue P. A potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and primary ovarian insufficiency. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 63:145-149. [PMID: 28306340 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1291767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ~1% of women in the general population. Despite numerous attempts at identifying POI genetic aetiology, coding mutations in only a few genes have been functionally related to POI pathogenesis. It has been suggested that mutant BMPR2 might contribute towards the phenotype. Several BMP15 (a BMPR2 ligand) coding mutations in human species have been related to POI pathogenesis. The BMPR2 p.Ser987Phe mutation, previously identified in a woman with POI, might therefore lead to cellular dysfunction contributing to the phenotype. To explore such an assumption, the present study assessed potential pathogenic subcellular localization/aggregation patterns associated with the p.Ser987Phe mutant form of BMPR2 in a relevant model for studying ovarian function. A significant increase in protein-like aggregation patterns was identified at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which permitted us to establish, for the first time, a potential functional association between mutant BMPR2 and POI aetiology. Since BMPR2 mutant forms were previously related to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, BMPR2 mutations may be related to an as-yet-to-be described syndromic form of POI involving pulmonary dysfunction. Additional assays are necessary to confirm that BMPR2 abnormal subcellular patterns are composed by aggregates. ABBREVIATIONS POI: primary ovarian insufficiency; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NGS: next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Catherine Patiño
- a Centro de Investigación en Genética y Genómica-CIGGUR, Grupo GENIUROS, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Daniel Silgado
- a Centro de Investigación en Genética y Genómica-CIGGUR, Grupo GENIUROS, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Paul Laissue
- a Centro de Investigación en Genética y Genómica-CIGGUR, Grupo GENIUROS, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , Colombia
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Ai J, Azizi E, Shamsian A, Eslami A, Khoshzaban A, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Ai A, Alizadeh A. BMP-2 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of human endometrial stem cells. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0704.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Human endometrial-derived stem cells (hEnSCs) as multipotent accessible source of cells are known as useful cell candidates in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, the effect of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) as an osteoinductive growth factor has not been clearly ascertained.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the remarkable osteoinductive growth factor BMP-2, on promotion of osteogenic differentiation in hEnSCs.
Methods: Endometrial biopsies were obtained from healthy women referred to the hospital for infertility treatment. After tissue digestion in collagenase, the isolated endometrial cells were expanded in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS. The propagated cells were characterized based on the expression of endometrial (CD90, CD105), endothelial (CD31), and hematopoietic (CD34, CD133) stem cell markers. Cells were differentiated in osteogenic medium containing DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 nM dexamethasone, 50 μg/ml Ascorbic acid, and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate in the presence or absence of BMP-2 for 21 days. Alizarin red staining was performed to verify the matrix mineralization. Immunocytochemical staining was conducted to detect the expression of OCT-4, CD133, and osteopontin as well as osteocalcin. The expression of osteoblast transcripts, including osteopontin, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed by semi quantitative PCR.
Results: The expanded EnSCs were spindle shaped. They were positive for the expression of Oct-4, CD90, and CD105, while they were negative for endothelial and hematopoietic markers. The matrix mineralization was confirmed by Alizarin red in both groups at day 21. Although the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin was detected in both groups by immunological staining, the expression of osteocalcin was more intense in the presence of BMP-2. ALP, Osteonectin and osteopontin transcripts were expressed in all groups; however, the expression of ALP and osteopontin was upregulated in the presence of BMP-2.
Conclusion: BMP-2 as an osteoinductive growth factor, could promote the osteogenic differentiation of EnSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Azam Shamsian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Akram Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ahad Khoshzaban
- Iranian Tissues Bank (Preparation and Research Center), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Armin Ai
- Dentistry Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Shah SM, Saini N, Ashraf S, Singh MK, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P, Chauhan MS. Cumulus cell-conditioned medium supports embryonic stem cell differentiation to germ cell-like cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:679-693. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulus cells provide cellular interactions and growth factors required for oogenesis. In vitro studies of oogenesis are limited primarily because of the paucity of their source, first trimester fetal gonads, and the small number of germ lineage precursor cells present within these tissues. In order to understand this obscure but vitally important process, the present study was designed to direct differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into germ lineage cells. For this purpose, buffalo ES cells were differentiated, as embryoid bodies (EBs) and monolayer adherent cultures, in the presence of different concentrations of cumulus-conditioned medium (CCM; 10%, 20% and 40%) for different periods of culture (4, 8 and 14 days) to identify the optimum differentiation-inducing concentration and time. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that 20%–40% CCM induced the highest expression of primordial germ cell-specific (deleted in Azoospermia- like (Dazl), dead (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4 (Vasa also known as DDX4) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (Plzf)); meiotic (synaptonemal complex protein 3 (Sycp3), mutl homolog I (Mlh1), transition protein 1/2 (Tnp1/2) and protamine 2 (Prm2); spermatocyte-specific boule-like RNA binding protein (Boule) and tektin 1 (Tekt1)) and oocyte-specific growth differentiation factor 9 (Gdf9) and zona pellucida 2 /3 (Zp2/3)) genes over 8–14 days in culture. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed expression of primordial germ cell (c-KIT, DAZL and VASA), meiotic (SYCP3, MLH1 and PROTAMINE 1), spermatocyte (ACROSIN and HAPRIN) and oocyte (GDF9 and ZP4) markers in both EBs and monolayer differentiation cultures. Western blotting revealed germ lineage-specific protein expression in Day 14 EBs. The significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentration of 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine in differentiated EBs compared to undifferentiated EBs suggests that methylation erasure may have occurred. Oocyte-like structures obtained in monolayer differentiation stained positive for ZONA PELLUCIDA protein 4 and progressed through various embryo-like developmental stages in extended cultures.
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Guignabert C, Bailly S, Humbert M. Restoring BMPRII functions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: opportunities, challenges and limitations. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:181-190. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1275567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- INSERM U1036, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France
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Abstract
We review the evolution and structure of members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, antagonistic or agonistic modulators, and receptors that regulate TGF-β signaling in extracellular environments. The growth factor (GF) domain common to all family members and many of their antagonists evolved from a common cystine knot growth factor (CKGF) domain. The CKGF superfamily comprises six distinct families in primitive metazoans, including the TGF-β and Dan families. Compared with Wnt/Frizzled and Notch/Delta families that also specify body axes, cell fate, tissues, and other families that contain CKGF domains that evolved in parallel, the TGF-β family was the most fruitful in evolution. Complexes between the prodomains and GFs of the TGF-β family suggest a new paradigm for regulating GF release by conversion from closed- to open-arm procomplex conformations. Ternary complexes of the final step in extracellular signaling show how TGF-β GF dimers bind type I and type II receptors on the cell surface, and enable understanding of much of the specificity and promiscuity in extracellular signaling. However, structures suggest that when GFs bind repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family coreceptors, type I receptors do not bind until reaching an intracellular, membrane-enveloped compartment, blurring the line between extra- and intracellular signaling. Modulator protein structures show how structurally diverse antagonists including follistatins, noggin, and members of the chordin family bind GFs to regulate signaling; complexes with the Dan family remain elusive. Much work is needed to understand how these molecular components assemble to form signaling hubs in extracellular environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Tang Z, Wang X, Huang J, Zhou X, Xie H, Zhu Q, Huang M, Ni S. Gene Expression Profiling of Pulmonary Artery in a Rabbit Model of Pulmonary Thromboembolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164530. [PMID: 27798647 PMCID: PMC5087918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) refers to the obstruction of thrombus in pulmonary artery or its branches. Recent studies have suggested that PTE-induced endothelium injury is the major physiological consequence of PTE. And it is reasonal to use PTE-induced endothelium injury to stratify disease severity. According to the massive morphologic and histologic findings, rabbit models could be applied to closely mimic the human PE. Genomewide gene expression profiling has not been attempted in PTE. In this study, we determined the accuracy of rabbit autologous thrombus PTE model for human PTE disease, then we applied gene expression array to identify gene expression changes in pulmonary arteries under PTE to identify potential molecular biomarkers and signaling pathways for PTE. We detected 1343 genes were upregulated and 923 genes were downregulated in PTE rabbits. The expression of several genes (IL-8, TNF-α, and CXCL5) with functional importance were further confirmed in transcript and protein levels. The most significantly differentially regulated genes were related to inflammation, immune disease, pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Totally 87 genes were up-regulated in the inflammatory genes. We conclude that gene expression profiling in rabbit PTE model could extend the understanding of PTE pathogenesis at the molecular level. Our study provides the fundamental framework for future clinical research on human PTE, including identification of potential biomarkers for prognosis or therapeutic targets for PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Bio-bank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qilin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. The Adipokine-Cardiovascular-Lifestyle Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:1785-1803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Varadaraj A, Patel P, Serrao A, Bandyopadhay T, Lee NY, Jazaeri AA, Huang Z, Murphy SK, Mythreye K. Epigenetic Regulation of GDF2 Suppresses Anoikis in Ovarian and Breast Epithelia. Neoplasia 2016; 17:826-38. [PMID: 26678910 PMCID: PMC4681890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis, a cell death mechanism triggered upon cell-matrix detachment, is regarded as a physiological suppressor of metastasis that can be regulated by a diverse array of signals. The protein encoded by GDF2 is BMP9 and is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and the transforming growth factor (TGF) β superfamily with emerging yet controversial roles in carcinogenesis. In an attempt to identify the function of growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) in epithelial systems, we examined the signaling machinery that is involved and cell fate decisions in response to GDF2 in ovarian and breast epithelia. We find that GDF2 can robustly activate the SMAD1/5 signaling axis by increasing complex formation between the type I receptor serine threonine kinases activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 3 and ALK6 and the type II receptor serine threonine kinase BMPRII. This activation is independent of cross talk with the SMAD2-transforming growth factor β pathway. By activating SMAD1/5, epithelial cells regulate anchorage-independent growth by increasing anoikis sensitivity that is dependent on GDF2’s ability to sustain the activation of SMAD1/5 via ALK3 and ALK6. Consistent with a role for GDF2 in promoting anoikis susceptibility, the analysis of cell lines and patient data suggests epigenetic silencing of GDF2 in cancer cell lines and increased promoter methylation in patients. These findings collectively indicate an antimetastatic role for GDF2 in ovarian and breast cancer. The work also implicates loss of GDF2 via promoter methylation-mediated downregulation in promotion of carcinogenesis with significant relevance for the use of epigenetic drugs currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Anne Serrao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | | | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Duke University, Durham NC 29210
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Duke University, Durham NC 29210
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, SC.
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An investigation of BMP-7 mediated alterations to BMP signalling components in human tenocyte-like cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29703. [PMID: 27406972 PMCID: PMC4942578 DOI: 10.1038/srep29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of tendon re-tears post-surgery is an ever present complication. It is suggested that the application of biological factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), can reduce complication rates by promoting tenogenic characteristics in in vitro studies. However, there remains a dearth of information in regards to the mechanisms of BMP-7 signalling in tenocytes. Using primary human tenocyte-like cells (hTLCs) from the supraspinatus tendon the BMP-7 signalling pathway was investigated: induction of the BMP associated Smad pathway and non-Smad pathways (AKT, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK); alterations in gene expression of BMP-7 associated receptors, Smad pathway components, Smad target gene (ID1) and tenogenic marker scleraxis. BMP-7 increases the expression of specific BMP associated receptors, BMPR-Ib and BMPR-II, and Smad8. Additionally, BMP-7 activates significantly Smad1/5/8 and slightly p38 pathways as indicated by an increase in phosphorylation and proven by inhibition experiments, where p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK pathways remain mainly unresponsive. Furthermore, BMP-7 increases the expression of the Smad target gene ID1, and the tendon specific transcription factor scleraxis. The study shows that tenocyte-like cells undergo primarily Smad8 and p38 signalling after BMP-7 stimulation. The up-regulation of tendon related marker genes and matrix proteins such as Smad8/9, scleraxis and collagen I might lead to positive effects of BMP-7 treatment for rotator cuff repair, without significant induction of osteogenic and chondrogenic markers.
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The Discovery and Early Days of TGF-β: A Historical Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a021865. [PMID: 27328871 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factors (TGFs) were discovered as activities that were secreted by cancer cells, and later by normal cells, and had the ability to phenotypically and reversibly transform immortalized fibroblasts. TGF-β distinguished itself from TGF-α because it did not bind to the same epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as TGF-α and, therefore, acted through different cell-surface receptors and signaling mediators. This review summarizes the discovery of TGF-β, the early developments in its molecular and biological characterization with its many biological activities in different cell and tissue contexts and its roles in disease, the realization that there is a family of secreted TGF-β-related proteins with many differentiation functions in development and activities in normal cell and tissue physiology, and the subsequent identification and characterization of the receptors and effectors that mediate TGF-β family signaling responses.
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Akiyoshi T, Uchida K, Tateyama S. Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors in Myoepithelial Cells of Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:154-63. [PMID: 15017029 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-2-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To study the ectopic chondrogenesis in canine mammary mixed tumors, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and specific BMP receptors (BMPRs), BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II, was examined using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis in 39 canine mammary gland tumors. Immunohistochemically, BMP-6 and all three types of BMPRs were coexpressed in the myoepithelial cells and chondrocytes in six of eight benign mixed tumors. In complex adenomas, myoepithelial cells showed an expression pattern of BMP-6, BMPR-IA, and BMPR-II similar to those in benign mixed tumors, whereas immunoreactivity for BMPR-IB was very mild. The myoepithelial cells proliferating within the basement membrane showed more intense immunoreactivity for BMP-6 and all BMPRs as compared with those proliferating in the interstitial areas. Western blotting analysis revealed immunopositive bands at 40–45 kDa for BMP-6 in the samples from simple and complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors. The BMPR-IB-specific bands at 45 kDa were most detected in benign mixed tumors. Because among BMPRs, BMPR-IB is thought to be the major receptor for BMP-6 for primary chondrogenesis, these findings suggest that the expression of BMP and its receptors on the myoepithelial cells might play a role in the ectopic cartilage formation in canine mammary gland tumors, especially in benign mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akiyoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2199, Japan
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