1
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Hu Z, Chen PH, Li W, Krone M, Zheng S, Saarbach J, Velasco IU, Hines J, Liu Y, Crews CM. EGFR targeting PhosTACs as a dual inhibitory approach reveals differential downstream signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7251. [PMID: 38536914 PMCID: PMC10971414 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We recently developed a heterobifunctional approach [phosphorylation targeting chimeras (PhosTACs)] to achieve the targeted protein dephosphorylation (TPDephos). Here, we envisioned combining the inhibitory effects of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) and the active dephosphorylation by phosphatases to achieve dual inhibition of kinases. We report an example of tyrosine phosphatase-based TPDephos and the effective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine dephosphorylation. We also used phosphoproteomic approaches to study the signaling transductions affected by PhosTAC-related molecules at the proteome-wide level. This work demonstrated the differential signaling pathways inhibited by PhosTAC compared with the TKI, gefitinib. Moreover, a covalent PhosTAC selective for mutated EGFR was developed and showed its inhibitory potential for dysregulated EGFR. Last, EGFR PhosTACs, consistent with EGFR dephosphorylation profiles, induced apoptosis and inhibited cancer cell viability during prolonged PhosTAC treatment. PhosTACs showcased their potential of modulating RTKs activity, expanding the scope of bifunctional molecule utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Mackenzie Krone
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sijin Zheng
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jacques Saarbach
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ines Urquizo Velasco
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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3
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Aloufi B, Alshabrmi FM, Sreeharsha N, Rehman A. Exploring therapeutic targets and drug candidates for obesity: a combined network pharmacology, bioinformatics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37811763 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The remarkably high prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia reflects a global epidemic demanding urgent attention due to its associated health risks. The integration of traditional medicine, a vital cultural aspect, involves the use of medicinal plants to address various diseases, including obesity. This research merges network pharmacology (NP) and bioinformatics to innovate obesity treatment by identifying effective phytochemicals from native plants in the Taif valley. Focusing on six indigenous plants-Senna alexandrina, Capsicum annuum, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Foeniculum vulgare-we conducted preliminary screenings for potential bioactive compounds. We systematically compiled compound data from public databases and reviewed literature, revealing active compounds like apigenin, kaempferol, moupinamide, cyclocurcumin, chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin, rheinanthrone, cyclocurcumin, and riboflavin.Constructing a compound-target genes-obesity network unveiled their significant impact on metabolic regulation and fat accumulation, interacting notably with key proteins AKT1 and PTGS2. Molecular docking and 100 ns Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations demonstrated robust binding affinity and stability at the docking site. Employing adipocytes as a cellular model, we gauged their viability and response to obesity-related stressors post-treatment with these native plant compounds.In conclusion, Saudi Arabia's indigenous plants hold promise as natural solutions for obesity treatment. This research opens new avenues in the battle against this pervasive health crisis by incorporating the potential of native botanicals.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Tang XE, Cheng YQ, Tang CK. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 as the therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases: past, present and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219690. [PMID: 37670950 PMCID: PMC10475599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2), an important member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, can regulate various signaling pathways and biological processes by dephosphorylating receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PTPN2 is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been reported that PTPN2 exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating vascular endothelial injury, monocyte proliferation and migration, macrophage polarization, T cell polarization, autophagy, pyroptosis, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for better future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Er Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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5
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Bennett AM. Teaching an old dog new tricks: A new tool for protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate discovery. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104731. [PMID: 37080392 PMCID: PMC10193000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of substrates for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is critical for a complete understanding of how these enzymes function. In a recent study in the JBC, Bonham et al. developed a modified method combining substrate-trapping mutations with proximity-labeling MS to identify the protein substrates and interactors of PTP1B. This method revealed interaction networks in breast cancer cell models and discovered novel targets of PTP1B that regulate HER2 signaling pathways. This strategy represents a versatile new tool for identifying the functional interactions between PTPs and their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Bennett
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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6
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Tonks NK. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Mighty oaks from little acorns grow. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:337-352. [PMID: 36971473 PMCID: PMC10254075 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, we were finally able to gather for a celebration of Eddy Fischer's 100th birthday. As with many other events, COVID had disrupted and restricted preparations for the gathering, which ultimately was held via ZOOM. Nevertheless, it was a wonderful opportunity to share a day with Eddy, an exceptional scientist and true renaissance man, and to appreciate his stellar contributions to science. Eddy Fischer, together with Ed Krebs, was responsible for the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation, which launched the entire field of signal transduction. The importance of this seminal work is now being felt throughout the biotechnology industry with the development of drugs that target protein kinases, which have transformed the treatment of a wide array of cancers. I was privileged to have worked with Eddy both as a postdoc and a junior faculty member, during which time we laid the foundations for our current understanding of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family of enzymes and their importance as critical regulators of signal transduction. This tribute to Eddy is based upon the talk I presented at the event, giving a personal perspective on Eddy's influence on my career, our early research efforts together in this area, and how the field has developed since then.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
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7
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Singh JP, Chen YY, Huang YT, Hsu STD, Meng TC. Application of hybrid biophysical-biochemical methods to unravel the molecular basis for auto-inhibition and activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP/PTPN2. Methods Enzymol 2023; 682:351-374. [PMID: 36948707 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of protein tyrosine phosphorylation as one of the critical post-translational modifications, it has been well known that the activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is tightly regulated. On the other hand, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are often regarded to act constitutively active, but recently we and others have shown that many PTPs are expressed in an inactive form due to allosteric inhibition by their unique structural features. Furthermore, their cellular activity is highly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner. In general, PTPs share a conserved catalytic domain comprising about 280 residues that is flanked by either an N-terminal or a C-terminal non-catalytic segment, which differs significantly in size and structure from each other and is known to regulate specific PTP's catalytic activity. The well-characterized non-catalytic segments can be globular or intrinsically disordered. In this work, we have focused on the T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP/PTPN2) and demonstrated how the hybrid biophysical-biochemical methods can be applied to unravel the underlying mechanism through which TCPTP's catalytic activity is regulated by the non-catalytic C-terminal segment. Our analysis showed that TCPTP is auto-inhibited by its intrinsically disordered tail and trans-activated by Integrin alpha-1's cytosolic region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Academia Sinica Common Mass Spectrometry Facilities for Proteomics and Protein Modification Analysis, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Shi S, Xu D, Gu S, Xu N, Xu P, Cao J, Feng XH. Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 regulates TGF-β signaling through Smad4 dephosphorylation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5516-5531. [PMID: 36628288 PMCID: PMC9827090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the TGF-β signaling is one of the major mechanisms underlying tumor progression. We have previously reported that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) phosphorylates Smad4 at Tyr95, which compromises the DNA-binding ability of Smad4 and thus renders ALK-positive cancer cells resistant to TGF-β tumor-suppressive action. In this study, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 positively regulated TGF-β signaling through dephosphorylating Smad4 at the Tyr95 site. Both in vitro and cell-based assays revealed that PTPN2 bound to and dephosphorylated Smad4, thereby preserving the DNA-binding ability of Smad4. Furthermore, overexpression of PTPN2 restored TGF-β transcriptional and growth inhibitory responses in ALK-positive cancer cells. Consistently, Spermidine, an activator of PTPN2, also promoted TGF-β-induced gene expression, apoptosis, and anti-proliferation effect. Taken together, we revealed that PTPN2 functioned as a tumor suppressor to antagonize the inhibitory effect of tyrosine phosphorylation of Smad4 and to ensure the proper TGF-β growth inhibitory signaling in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dewei Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., LtdHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningyi Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing 321000, Zhejiang, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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9
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The catalytic activity of TCPTP is auto-regulated by its intrinsically disordered tail and activated by Integrin alpha-1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:94. [PMID: 35013194 PMCID: PMC8748766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP, PTPN2) is a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in human cells. TCPTP is a critical component of a variety of key signaling pathways that are directly associated with the formation of cancer and inflammation. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of TCPTP activation and regulation is essential for the development of TCPTP therapeutics. Under basal conditions, TCPTP is largely inactive, although how this is achieved is poorly understood. By combining biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry, we show that the C-terminal intrinsically disordered tail of TCPTP functions as an intramolecular autoinhibitory element that controls the TCPTP catalytic activity. Activation of TCPTP is achieved by cellular competition, i.e., the intrinsically disordered cytosolic tail of Integrin-α1 displaces the TCPTP autoinhibitory tail, allowing for the full activation of TCPTP. This work not only defines the mechanism by which TCPTP is regulated but also reveals that the intrinsically disordered tails of two of the most closely related PTPs (PTP1B and TCPTP) autoregulate the activity of their cognate PTPs via completely different mechanisms.
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10
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Mechanisms in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312865. [PMID: 34884670 PMCID: PMC8657787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases, especially receptor tyrosine kinases, have dominated the cancer therapeutics sphere as proteins that can be inhibited to selectively target cancer. However, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are also an emerging target. Though historically known as negative regulators of the oncogenic tyrosine kinases, PTPs are now known to be both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic. This review will highlight key protein tyrosine phosphatases that have been thoroughly investigated in various cancers. Furthermore, the different mechanisms underlying pro-cancerous and anti-cancerous PTPs will also be explored.
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11
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Glucose Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682947. [PMID: 34268308 PMCID: PMC8276021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), a vital regulator in glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses, and tumor processes, is increasingly considered a promising target for disease treatments and illness control. This review discusses the structure, substrates and main biological functions of TCPTP, as well as its regulatory effect in glucose metabolism, as an attempt to be referenced for formulating treatment strategies of metabolic disorders. Given the complicated regulation functions in different tissues and organs of TCPTP, the development of drugs inhibiting TCPTP with a higher specificity and a better biocompatibility is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes or obesity. Besides, treatments targeting TCPTP in a specific tissue or organ are suggested to be considerably promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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12
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620333. [PMID: 33692794 PMCID: PMC7938726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology highlights the two-way communication between bone and immune cells. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2), is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) essential in regulating immune responses and bone metabolism via dephosphorylating target proteins. Tcptp knockout in systemic or specific immune cells can seriously damage the immune function, resulting in bone metabolism disorders. This review provided fresh insights into the potential role of TCPTP in osteoimmunology. Overall, the regulation of osteoimmunology by TCPTP is extremely complicated. TCPTP negatively regulates macrophages activation and inflammatory factors secretion to inhibit bone resorption. TCPTP regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and T lymphocytes-related cytokines signaling to maintain bone homeostasis. TCPTP is also expected to regulate bone metabolism by targeting B lymphocytes under certain time and conditions. This review offers a comprehensive update on the roles of TCPTP in osteoimmunology, which can be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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13
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Mercier C, Rousseau M, Geraldes P. Growth Factor Deregulation and Emerging Role of Phosphatases in Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:619612. [PMID: 33490120 PMCID: PMC7817696 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.619612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries leading to the loss of blood perfusion and subsequent critical ischemia. The presence of diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor that greatly increases the incidence, the progression and the severity of the disease. In addition to accelerated disease progression, diabetic patients are also more susceptible to develop serious impairment of their walking abilities through an increased risk of lower limb amputation. Hyperglycemia is known to alter the physiological development of collateral arteries in response to ischemia. Deregulation in the production of several critical pro-angiogenic factors has been reported in diabetes along with vascular cell unresponsiveness in initiating angiogenic processes. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the angiogenic response, protein tyrosine phosphatases are potent regulators by dephosphorylating pro-angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors. However, evidence has indicated that diabetes-induced deregulation of phosphatases contributes to the progression of several micro and macrovascular complications. This review provides an overview of growth factor alterations in the context of diabetes and peripheral artery disease, as well as a description of the role of phosphatases in the regulation of angiogenic pathways followed by an analysis of the effects of hyperglycemia on the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase expression and activity. Knowledge of the role of phosphatases in diabetic peripheral artery disease will help the development of future therapeutics to locally regulate phosphatases and improve angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mercier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Koseska A, Bastiaens PI. Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:359-383. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Koseska
- Lise Meitner Group Cellular Computations and Learning, Centre of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe I.H. Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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15
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Jiang JX, Fish SR, Tomilov A, Li Y, Fan W, Dehnad A, Gae D, Das S, Mozes G, Charville GW, Ramsey J, Cortopassi G, Török NJ. Nonphagocytic Activation of NOX2 Is Implicated in Progressive Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis During Aging. Hepatology 2020; 72:1204-1218. [PMID: 31950520 PMCID: PMC7478166 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Older patients with obesity/type II diabetes mellitus frequently present with advanced NASH. Whether this is due to specific molecular pathways that accelerate fibrosis during aging is unknown. Activation of the Src homology 2 domain-containing collagen-related (Shc) proteins and redox stress have been recognized in aging; however, their link to NASH has not been explored. APPROACH AND RESULTS Shc expression increased in livers of older patients with NASH, as assessed by real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blots. Fibrosis, Shc expression, markers of senescence, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidases (NOXs) were studied in young/old mice on fast food diet (FFD). To inhibit Shc in old mice, lentiviral (LV)-short hairpin Shc versus control-LV were used during FFD. For hepatocyte-specific effects, floxed (fl/fl) Shc mice on FFD were injected with adeno-associated virus 8-thyroxine-binding globulin-Cre-recombinase versus control. Fibrosis was accelerated in older mice on FFD, and Shc inhibition by LV in older mice or hepatocyte-specific deletion resulted in significantly improved inflammation, reduction in senescence markers in older mice, lipid peroxidation, and fibrosis. To study NOX2 activation, the interaction of p47phox (NOX2 regulatory subunit) and p52Shc was evaluated by proximity ligation and coimmunoprecipitations. Palmitate-induced p52Shc binding to p47phox , activating the NOX2 complex, more so at an older age. Kinetics of binding were assessed in Src homology 2 domain (SH2) or phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain deletion mutants by biolayer interferometry, revealing the role of SH2 and the PTB domains. Lastly, an in silico model of p52Shc/p47phox interaction using RosettaDock was generated. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated fibrosis in the aged is modulated by p52Shc/NOX2. We show a pathway for direct activation of the phagocytic NOX2 in hepatocytes by p52Shc binding and activating the p47phox subunit that results in redox stress and accelerated fibrosis in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy X. Jiang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Sarah R. Fish
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yuan Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Ali Dehnad
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - David Gae
- Dept of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94118
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Gergely Mozes
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Gregory W. Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Jon Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, 3011, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616
| | - NJ Török
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, and VA Palo Alto, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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16
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Dodd GT, Xirouchaki CE, Eramo M, Mitchell CA, Andrews ZB, Henry BA, Cowley MA, Tiganis T. Intranasal Targeting of Hypothalamic PTP1B and TCPTP Reinstates Leptin and Insulin Sensitivity and Promotes Weight Loss in Obesity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2905-2922.e5. [PMID: 31509751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance in the development and maintenance of obesity remains unclear. The tyrosine phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) attenuate leptin and insulin signaling and are elevated in the hypothalami of obese mice. We report that elevated PTP1B and TCPTP antagonize hypothalamic leptin and insulin signaling and contribute to the maintenance of obesity. Deletion of PTP1B and TCPTP in the hypothalami of obese mice enhances CNS leptin and insulin sensitivity, represses feeding, and increases browning, to decrease adiposity and improve glucose metabolism. The daily intranasal administration of a PTP1B inhibitor, plus the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 that decreases TCPTP expression, represses feeding, increases browning, promotes weight loss, and improves glucose metabolism in obese mice. Our findings causally link heightened hypothalamic PTP1B and TCPTP with leptin and insulin resistance and the maintenance of obesity and define a viable pharmacological approach by which to promote weight loss in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chrysovalantou E Xirouchaki
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew Eramo
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Belinda A Henry
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Metabolic Phenotyping Facility, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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17
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Pang H, Luo S, Huang G, Xia Y, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Advances in Knowledge of Candidate Genes Acting at the Beta-Cell Level in the Pathogenesis of T1DM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 32226409 PMCID: PMC7080653 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus), which results from the irreversible elimination of beta-cells mediated by autoreactive T cells, is defined as an autoimmune disease. It is widely accepted that T1DM is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. To date, more than 50 genetic risk regions contributing to the pathogenesis of T1DM have been identified by GWAS (genome-wide association studies). Notably, more than 60% of the identified candidate genes are expressed in islets and beta-cells, which makes it plausible that these genes act at the beta-cell level and play a key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. In this review, we focus on the current status of candidate genes that act at the beta-cell level by regulating the innate immune response and antiviral activity, affecting susceptibility to proapoptotic stimuli and influencing the pancreatic beta-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguo Xie
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Zhiguang Zhou
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18
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Yuan C, Wang W, Wang J, Li X, Wu YB, Li S, Lu L, Zhu M, Xing S, Fu X. Potent and selective PTP1B inhibition by a platinum(ii) complex: possible implications for a new antitumor strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:102-105. [PMID: 31793564 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Showing anti-proliferation activity against MCF7 cells better than cisplatin, a platinum(ii) complex, [PtL(DMSO)Cl], was found to potently and selectively inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a putative target for anticancer agents, suggesting a new possible anticancer strategy based on platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China.
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19
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Kramer F, Dernedde J, Mezheyeuski A, Tauber R, Micke P, Kappert K. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β activation and regulation in murine myelofibrosis. Haematologica 2019; 105:2083-2094. [PMID: 31672904 PMCID: PMC7395273 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is prevailing evidence to suggest a decisive role for platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their receptors in primary myelofibrosis. While PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) expression is increased in bone marrow stromal cells of patients correlating with the grade of myelofibrosis, knowledge on the precise role of PDGFRβ signaling in myelofibrosis is sparse. Using the Gata-1low mouse model for myelofibrosis, we applied RNA sequencing, protein expression analyses, multispectral imaging and, as a novel approach in bone marrow tissue, an in situ proximity ligation assay to provide a detailed characterization of PDGFRβ signaling and regulation during development of myelofibrosis. We observed an increase in PDGFRβ and PDGF-B protein expression in overt fibrotic bone marrow, along with an increase in PDGFRβ–PDGF-B interaction, analyzed by proximity ligation assay. However, PDGFRβ tyrosine phosphorylation levels were not increased. We therefore focused on regulation of PDGFRβ by protein tyrosine phosphatases as endogenous PDGFRβ antagonists. Gene expression analyses showed distinct expression dynamics among PDGFRβ-targeting phosphatases. In particular, we observed enhanced T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protein expression and PDGFRβ–T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase interaction in early and overt fibrotic bone marrow of Gata-1low mice. In vitro, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn2) knockdown increased PDGFRβ phosphorylation at Y751 and Y1021, leading to enhanced downstream signaling in fibroblasts. Furthermore, Ptpn2 knockdown cells showed increased growth rates when exposed to low-serum growth medium. Taken together, PDGF signaling is differentially regulated during myelofibrosis. Protein tyrosine phosphatases, which have so far not been examined during disease progression, are novel and hitherto unrecognized components in myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Kramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany.,Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Tauber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Kappert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany .,Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Morales LD, Archbold AK, Olivarez S, Slaga TJ, DiGiovanni J, Kim DJ. The role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase in epithelial carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1640-1647. [PMID: 31264291 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP, encoded by PTPN2) is a nonreceptor PTP that is most highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP modulates a variety of physiological functions including cell cycle progression, cell survival and proliferation, and hematopoiesis through tyrosine dephosphorylation of its target substrates, such as EGFR, JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Studies with whole or tissue-specific loss of TC-PTP function transgenic mice have shown that TC-PTP has crucial roles in the regulation of the immune response, insulin signaling, and oncogenic signaling. More recently, the generation of epidermal-specific TC-PTP-deficient mice for use in multistage skin carcinogenesis bioassays demonstrated that TC-PTP suppresses skin tumor formation by negatively regulating STAT3 and AKT signaling. Further investigation showed that TC-PTP also minimizes UVB-induced epidermal cell damage by promoting apoptosis through the negative regulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. These findings provide major evidence for a tumor suppressive function for TC-PTP against environment-induced skin cancer. Here, we will discuss TC-PTP, its substrates, and its functions with an emphasis on its role in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Anna K Archbold
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Serena Olivarez
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas.,Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
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21
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Hamel-Côté G, Lapointe F, Véronneau S, Mayhue M, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Regulation of platelet-activating factor-mediated interleukin-6 promoter activation by the 48 kDa but not the 45 kDa isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:51. [PMID: 31289638 PMCID: PMC6593612 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An underlying state of inflammation is thought to be an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Among cells involved in the early steps of atherosclerosis, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) respond to inflammatory stimuli, including platelet-activating factor (PAF), by the induction of various cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). PAF is a potent phospholipid mediator involved in both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. It mediates its effects by binding to its cognate G-protein coupled receptor, PAFR. Activation of PAFR-induced signaling pathways is tightly coordinated to ensure specific cell responses. Results Here, we report that PAF stimulated the phosphatase activity of both the 45 and 48 kDa isoforms of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). However, we found that only the 48 kDa PTPN2 isoform has a role in PAFR-induced signal transduction, leading to activation of the IL-6 promoter. In luciferase reporter assays, expression of the 48 kDa, but not the 45 kDa, PTPN2 isoform increased human IL-6 (hIL-6) promoter activity by 40% after PAF stimulation of HEK-293 cells, stably transfected with PAFR (HEK-PAFR). Our results suggest that the differential localization of the PTPN2 isoforms and the differences in PAF-induced phosphatase activation may contribute to the divergent modulation of PAF-induced IL-6 promoter activation. The involvement of PTPN2 in PAF-induced IL-6 expression was confirmed in immature Mo-DCs (iMo-DCs), using siRNAs targeting the two isoforms of PTPN2, where siRNAs against the 48 kDa PTPN2 significantly inhibited PAF-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression. Pharmacological inhibition of several signaling pathways suggested a role for PTPN2 in early signaling events. Results obtained by Western blot confirmed that PTPN2 increased the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway via the modulation of protein kinase D (PKD) activity. WT PKD expression counteracted the effect of PTPN2 on PAF-induced IL-6 promoter transactivation and phosphorylation of Akt. Using siRNAs targeting the individual isoforms of PTPN2, we confirmed that these pathways were also active in iMo-DCs. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that PTPN2, in an isoform-specific manner, could be involved in the positive regulation of PI3K/Akt activation, via the modulation of PKD activity, allowing for the maximal induction of PAF-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Fanny Lapointe
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Steeve Véronneau
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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22
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Veenstra C, Karlsson E, Mirwani SM, Nordenskjöld B, Fornander T, Pérez-Tenorio G, Stål O. The effects of PTPN2 loss on cell signalling and clinical outcome in relation to breast cancer subtype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1845-1856. [PMID: 31025094 PMCID: PMC6571101 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2 dephosphorylates several tyrosine kinases in cancer-related signalling pathways and is thought to be a tumour suppressor. As PTPN2 is not frequently studied in breast cancer, we aimed to explore the role of PTPN2 and the effects of its loss in breast cancer. Methods Protein expression and gene copy number of PTPN2 were analysed in a cohort of pre-menopausal breast cancer patients with immunohistochemistry and droplet digital PCR, respectively. PTPN2 was knocked down in three cell lines, representing different breast cancer subtypes, with siRNA transfection. Several proteins related to PTPN2 were analysed with Western blot. Results Low PTPN2 protein expression was found in 50.2% of the tumours (110/219), gene copy loss in 15.4% (33/214). Low protein expression was associated with a higher relapse rate in patients with Luminal A and HER2-positive tumours, but not triple-negative tumours. In vitro studies further suggested a subtype-specific role of PTPN2. Knockdown of PTPN2 had no effect on the triple-negative cell line, whilst knockdown in MCF7 inhibited phosphorylation of Met and promoted that of Akt. Knockdown in SKBR3 led to increased Met phosphorylation and decreased Erk phosphorylation as well as EGF-mediated STAT3 activation. Conclusion We confirm previous studies showing that the PTPN2 protein is lost in half of the breast cancer cases and gene deletion occurs in 15–18% of the cases. Furthermore, the results suggest that the role of PTPN2 is subtype-related and should be further investigated to assess how this could affect breast cancer prognosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Veenstra
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Elin Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sanam Mirwani Mirwani
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Nordenskjöld
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Karlsson E, Veenstra C, Gårsjö J, Nordenskjöld B, Fornander T, Stål O. PTPN2 deficiency along with activation of nuclear Akt predict endocrine resistance in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:599-607. [PMID: 30515568 PMCID: PMC6394658 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 (PTNP2) regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signalling, preventing downstream activation of intracellular pathways like the PI3K/Akt pathway. The gene encoding the protein is located on chromosome 18p11; the 18p region is commonly deleted in breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate PTPN2 protein expression in a large breast cancer cohort, its possible associations to PTPN2 gene copy loss, Akt activation, and the potential use as a clinical marker in breast cancer. Methods PTPN2 protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 664 node-negative breast tumours from patients enrolled in a randomised tamoxifen trial. DNA was available for 146 patients, PTPN2 gene copy number was determined by real-time PCR. Results PTPN2 gene loss was detected in 17.8% of the tumours. Low PTPN2 protein expression was associated with higher levels of nuclear-activated Akt (pAkt-n). Low PTPN2 as well as the combination variable low PTPN2/high pAkt-n could be used as predictive markers of poor tamoxifen response. Conclusion PTPN2 negatively regulates Akt signalling and loss of PTPN2 protein along with increased pAkt-n is a new potential clinical marker of endocrine treatment efficacy, which may allow for further tailored patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Karlsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cynthia Veenstra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jon Gårsjö
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Nordenskjöld
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Stanoev A, Mhamane A, Schuermann KC, Grecco HE, Stallaert W, Baumdick M, Brüggemann Y, Joshi MS, Roda-Navarro P, Fengler S, Stockert R, Roßmannek L, Luig J, Koseska A, Bastiaens PIH. Interdependence between EGFR and Phosphatases Spatially Established by Vesicular Dynamics Generates a Growth Factor Sensing and Responding Network. Cell Syst 2018; 7:295-309.e11. [PMID: 30145116 PMCID: PMC6167251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity to growth factors and signal duration determines cellular behavior. We resolve how EGFR's response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) originates from dynamically established recursive interactions with spatially organized protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Reciprocal genetic PTP perturbations enabled identification of receptor-like PTPRG/J at the plasma membrane and ER-associated PTPN2 as the major EGFR dephosphorylating activities. Imaging spatial-temporal PTP reactivity revealed that vesicular trafficking establishes a spatially distributed negative feedback with PTPN2 that determines signal duration. On the other hand, single-cell dose-response analysis uncovered a reactive oxygen species-mediated toggle switch between autocatalytically activated monomeric EGFR and the tumor suppressor PTPRG that governs EGFR's sensitivity to EGF. Vesicular recycling of monomeric EGFR unifies the interactions with these PTPs on distinct membrane systems, dynamically generating a network architecture that can sense and respond to time-varying growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Stanoev
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amit Mhamane
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Klaus C Schuermann
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hernán E Grecco
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wayne Stallaert
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Baumdick
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maitreyi S Joshi
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Fengler
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rabea Stockert
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lisaweta Roßmannek
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jutta Luig
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Aneta Koseska
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Philippe I H Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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25
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Groepper C, Rufinatscha K, Schröder N, Stindt S, Ehlting C, Albrecht U, Bock HH, Bartenschlager R, Häussinger D, Bode JG. HCV modifies EGF signalling and upregulates production of CXCR2 ligands: Role in inflammation and antiviral immune response. J Hepatol 2018; 69:594-602. [PMID: 29705238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To affect immune response and inflammation, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) substantially influences intercellular communication pathways that are decisive for immune cell recruitment. The present study investigates mechanisms by which HCV modulates chemokine-mediated intercellular communication from infected cells. METHODS Chemokine expression was studied in HCVcc-infected cell lines or cell lines harbouring a subgenomic replicon, as well as in serum samples from patients. Expression or activity of mediators and signalling intermediates was manipulated using knockdown approaches or specific inhibitors. RESULTS HCV enhances expression of CXCR2 ligands in its host cell via the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF) production. Knockdown of EGF or of the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex results in a substantial downregulation of HCV-induced CXCR2 ligand expression, supporting the involvement of an EGF-dependent mechanism as well as activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, HCV upregulates expression of CXCR2 ligands in response to EGF stimulation via downregulation of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP [PTPN2]), activation of NF-κB, and enhancement of EGF-inducible signal transduction via MEK1 (MAP2K1). This results in the production of a cytokine/chemokine pattern by the HCV-infected cell that can recruit neutrophils but not monocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a novel EGF-dependent mechanism by which HCV influences chemokine-mediated intercellular communication. We propose that this mechanism contributes to modulation of the HCV-induced inflammation and the antiviral immune response. LAY SUMMARY In most cases hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in chronic infection and persistent viral replication, taking decades until development of overt disease. To achieve such a course, the respective virus must have developed mechanisms to circumvent antiviral response, to modulate the inflammatory response and to utilise the infrastructure of its host with moderate effect on its viability. The present study provides novel data indicating that HCV induces epidermal growth factor production in its host cell, enhancing epidermal growth factor-inducible expression of chemokines that bind to the CXCR2 receptor and recruit neutrophile granulocytes. Importantly, chemokines are critical mediators determining the pattern of immune cells recruited to the site of injury and thereby the local inflammatory and immunological milieu. These data strongly suggest that HCV triggers mechanisms that enable the virus to influence the inflammatory and immunological processes of its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Groepper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rufinatscha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadja Schröder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Stindt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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26
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Short-term fasting decreases excitatory synaptic inputs to ventromedial tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons and attenuates their activity in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Yoo T, Ham SA, Lee WJ, Hwang SI, Park JA, Hwang JS, Hur J, Shin HC, Han SG, Lee CH, Han DW, Paek KS, Seo HG. Ligand-Dependent Interaction of PPARδ With T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 45 Enhances Insulin Signaling. Diabetes 2018; 67:360-371. [PMID: 29233935 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ plays a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis through its effect on insulin signaling. Although diverse genomic actions of PPARδ are postulated, the specific molecular mechanisms whereby PPARδ controls insulin signaling have not been fully elucidated. We demonstrate here that short-term activation of PPARδ results in the formation of a stable complex with nuclear T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase 45 (TCPTP45) isoform. This interaction of PPARδ with TCPTP45 blocked translocation of TCPTP45 into the cytoplasm, thereby preventing its interaction with the insulin receptor, which inhibits insulin signaling. Interaction of PPARδ with TCPTP45 blunted interleukin 6-induced insulin resistance, leading to retention of TCPTP45 in the nucleus, thereby facilitating deactivation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) signal. Finally, GW501516-activated PPARδ improved insulin signaling and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet through its interaction with TCPTP45. This novel interaction of PPARδ constitutes the most upstream component identified of the mechanism downregulating insulin signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/immunology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- PPAR delta/agonists
- PPAR delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR delta/genetics
- PPAR delta/metabolism
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Yoo
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Ham
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon In Hwang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Han Geuk Seo
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Krishnan M, McCole DF. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase prevents STAT1 induction of claudin-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:116-130. [PMID: 28804910 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) dephosphorylates a number of substrates, including JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling proteins, which are activated by interferon (IFN)-γ, a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. A critical function of the intestinal epithelium is formation of a selective barrier to luminal contents. The structural units of the epithelium that regulate barrier function are the tight junctions (TJs), and the protein composition of the TJ determines the tightness of the barrier. Claudin-2 is a TJ protein that increases permeability to cations and reduces transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). We previously showed that transient knockdown (KD) of TCPTP permits increased expression of claudin-2 by IFN-γ. Here, we demonstrate that the decreased TER in TCPTP-deficient epithelial cells is alleviated by STAT1 KD. Moreover, increased claudin-2 in TCPTP-deficient cells requires enhanced STAT1 activation and STAT1 binding to the CLDN2 promoter. We also show that mutation of this STAT-binding site prevents elevated CLDN2 promoter activity in TCPTP-deficient epithelial cells. In summary, we demonstrate that TCPTP protects the intestinal epithelial barrier by restricting STAT-induced claudin-2 expression. This is a potential mechanism by which loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding TCPTP may contribute to barrier defects in chronic intestinal inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
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30
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Dodd GT, Andrews ZB, Simonds SE, Michael NJ, DeVeer M, Brüning JC, Spanswick D, Cowley MA, Tiganis T. A Hypothalamic Phosphatase Switch Coordinates Energy Expenditure with Feeding. Cell Metab 2017; 26:375-393.e7. [PMID: 28768176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocytes can interconvert between white and brown-like states and switch between energy storage versus expenditure. Here we report that beige adipocyte plasticity is important for feeding-associated changes in energy expenditure and is coordinated by the hypothalamus and the phosphatase TCPTP. A fasting-induced and glucocorticoid-mediated induction of TCPTP, inhibited insulin signaling in AgRP/NPY neurons, repressed the browning of white fat and decreased energy expenditure. Conversely feeding reduced hypothalamic TCPTP, to increase AgRP/NPY neuronal insulin signaling, white adipose tissue browning and energy expenditure. The feeding-induced repression of hypothalamic TCPTP was defective in obesity. Mice lacking TCPTP in AgRP/NPY neurons were resistant to diet-induced obesity and had increased beige fat activity and energy expenditure. The deletion of hypothalamic TCPTP in obesity restored feeding-induced browning and increased energy expenditure to promote weight loss. Our studies define a hypothalamic switch that coordinates energy expenditure with feeding for the maintenance of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Natalie J Michael
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael DeVeer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Plank Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Spanswick
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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31
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Willoughby LF, Manent J, Allan K, Lee H, Portela M, Wiede F, Warr C, Meng TC, Tiganis T, Richardson HE. Differential regulation of protein tyrosine kinase signalling by Dock and the PTP61F variants. FEBS J 2017; 284:2231-2250. [PMID: 28544778 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signalling is coordinated by the opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). There is a growing list of adaptor proteins that interact with PTPs and facilitate the dephosphorylation of substrates. The extent to which any given adaptor confers selectivity for any given substrate in vivo remains unclear. Here we have taken advantage of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to explore the influence of the SH3/SH2 adaptor protein Dock on the abilities of the membrane (PTP61Fm)- and nuclear (PTP61Fn)-targeted variants of PTP61F (the Drosophila othologue of the mammalian enzymes PTP1B and TCPTP respectively) to repress PTK signalling pathways in vivo. PTP61Fn effectively repressed the eye overgrowth associated with activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), PTK, or the expression of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (PVR) or insulin receptor (InR) PTKs. PTP61Fn repressed EGFR and PVR-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and attenuated PVR-induced STAT92E signalling. By contrast, PTP61Fm effectively repressed EGFR- and PVR-, but not InR-induced tissue overgrowth. Importantly, coexpression of Dock with PTP61F allowed for the efficient repression of the InR-induced eye overgrowth, but did not enhance the PTP61Fm-mediated inhibition of EGFR and PVR-induced signalling. Instead, Dock expression increased, and PTP61Fm coexpression further exacerbated the PVR-induced eye overgrowth. These results demonstrate that Dock selectively enhances the PTP61Fm-mediated attenuation of InR signalling and underscores the specificity of PTPs and the importance of adaptor proteins in regulating PTP function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Manent
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Allan
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Han Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Wiede
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coral Warr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Liu Z, Mills C, Han Y, Hung RJ, Brhane Y, McLaughlin J, Brennan P, Bickeboeller H, Rosenberger A, Houlston RS, Caporaso NE, Teresa Landi M, Brueske I, Risch A, Ye Y, Wu X, Christiani DC, Amos CI, Wei Q. Genetic variants of PTPN2 are associated with lung cancer risk: a re-analysis of eight GWASs in the TRICL-ILCCO consortium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:825. [PMID: 28400551 PMCID: PMC5429754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) pathway consists of signaling events mediated by TCPTP. Mutations and genetic variants of some genes in the TCPTP pathway are associated with lung cancer risk and survival. In the present study, we first investigated associations of 5,162 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 genes of this TCPTP pathway with lung cancer risk by using summary data of six published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 12,160 cases and 16,838 controls. We identified 11 independent SNPs in eight genes after correction for multiple comparisons by a false discovery rate <0.20. Then, we performed in silico functional analyses for these 11 SNPs by eQTL analysis, two of which, PTPN2 SNPs rs2847297 and rs2847282, were chosen as tagSNPs. We further included two additional GWAS datasets of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1,319 cases and 26,380 controls), and the overall effects of these two SNPs among all eight GWAS studies remained significant (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.98, and P = 0.004 for rs2847297; OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99, and P = 0.009 for rs2847282). In conclusion, the PTPN2 rs2847297 and rs2847282 may be potential susceptible loci for lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Coleman Mills
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Heike Bickeboeller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Irene Brueske
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Targeted disruption of TC-PTP in the proliferative compartment augments STAT3 and AKT signaling and skin tumor development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45077. [PMID: 28322331 PMCID: PMC5359614 DOI: 10.1038/srep45077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a vital mechanism that contributes to skin carcinogenesis. It is regulated by the counter-activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here, we report the critical role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by Ptpn2, in chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis via the negative regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling. Using epidermal specific TC-PTP knockout (K14Cre.Ptpn2fl/fl) mice, we demonstrate loss of TC-PTP led to a desensitization to tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced apoptosis both in vivo epidermis and in vitro keratinocytes. TC-PTP deficiency also resulted in a significant increase in epidermal thickness and hyperproliferation following exposure to the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Western blot analysis showed that both phosphorylated STAT3 and phosphorylated AKT expressions were significantly increased in epidermis of TC-PTP-deficient mice compared to control mice following TPA treatment. Inhibition of STAT3 or AKT reversed the effects of TC-PTP deficiency on apoptosis and proliferation. Finally, TC-PTP knockout mice showed a shortened latency of tumorigenesis and significantly increased numbers of tumors during two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal that TC-PTP has potential as a novel target for the prevention of skin cancer through its role in the regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling.
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Hoekstra E, Das AM, Swets M, Cao W, van der Woude CJ, Bruno MJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Kuppen PJ, ten Hagen TL, Fuhler GM. Increased PTP1B expression and phosphatase activity in colorectal cancer results in a more invasive phenotype and worse patient outcome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:21922-38. [PMID: 26942883 PMCID: PMC5008334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is dependent on the balance between phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases. This balance if often disrupted in colorectal cancer (CRC), leading to increased cell proliferation and invasion. For many years research has focused on the role of kinases as potential oncogenes in cancer, while phosphatases were commonly assumed to be tumor suppressive. However, this dogma is currently changing as phosphatases have also been shown to induce cancer growth. One of these phosphatases is protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Here we report that the expression of PTP1B is increased in colorectal cancer as compared to normal tissue, and that the intrinsic enzymatic activity of the protein is also enhanced. This suggests a role for PTP1B phosphatase activity in CRC formation and progression. Furthermore, we found that increased PTP1B expression is correlated to a worse patient survival and is an independent prognostic marker for overall survival and disease free survival. Knocking down PTP1B in CRC cell lines results in a less invasive phenotype with lower adhesion, migration and proliferation capabilities. Together, these results suggest that inhibition of PTP1B activity is a promising new target in the treatment of colorectal cancer and the prevention of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Hoekstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asha M. Das
- Department of Surgery, Section Surgical Oncology, Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Swets
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J.K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L.M. ten Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Section Surgical Oncology, Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Stindt S, Cebula P, Albrecht U, Keitel V, Schulte am Esch J, Knoefel WT, Bartenschlager R, Häussinger D, Bode JG. Hepatitis C Virus Activates a Neuregulin-Driven Circuit to Modify Surface Expression of Growth Factor Receptors of the ErbB Family. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148711. [PMID: 26886748 PMCID: PMC4757098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB receptor family, and its down-stream signalling have been identified as co-factors for HCV entry and replication. Since EGFR also functions as a heterodimer with other ErbB receptor family members, the subject of the present study was to investigate a possible viral interference with these cellular components. By using genotype 1b replicon cells as well as an infection-based system we found that while transcript and protein levels of EGFR and ErbB2 were up-regulated or unaffected, respectively, HCV induced a substantial reduction of ErbB3 and ErbB4 expression. Down-regulation of ErbB3 expression by HCV involves specificity protein (Sp)1-mediated induction of Neuregulin (NRG)1 expression as well as activation of Akt. Consistently, at transcript level disruption of ErbB3 expression by HCV can be prevented by knockdown of NRG1 or Sp1 expression, whereas reconstitution of ErbB3 protein levels requires inhibition of HCV-induced NRG1 expression and of Akt activity. Interestingly, the NRG1-mediated suppression of ErbB3 expression by HCV results in an enhanced expression of EGFR and ErbB2 on the cell surface, which can be mimicked by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ErbB3 expression. These data delineate a novel mechanism enabling HCV to sway the composition of the ErbB family members on the surface of its host cell by an NRG1-driven circuit and unravels a yet unknown cross-regulation between ErbB3 and the two other family members ErbB2 and EGFR. The shift of the receptor surface expression of the ErbB family towards enhanced expression of ErbB2 and EGFR triggered by HCV was found to promote viral RNA replication and infectivity. This suggests that HCV rearranges expression of ErbB family members to adapt the cellular environment to its requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Stindt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricia Cebula
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulte am Esch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division for Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G. Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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TC-PTP and PTP1B: Regulating JAK-STAT signaling, controlling lymphoid malignancies. Cytokine 2016; 82:52-7. [PMID: 26817397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are characterized by an accumulation of genetic lesions that act co-operatively to perturb signaling pathways and alter gene expression programs. The Janus kinases (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) pathway is one such pathway that is frequently mutated in leukemia and lymphoma. In response to cytokines and growth factors, a cascade of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation events propagates the JAK-STAT pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activated STAT family members then play a fundamental role in establishing the transcriptional landscape of the cell. In leukemia and lymphoma, somatic mutations have been identified in JAK and STAT family members, as well as, negative regulators of the pathway. Most recently, inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes PTPN1 (PTP1B) and PTPN2 (TC-PTP) were sequenced in B cell lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) respectively. The loss of PTP1B and TC-PTP phosphatase activity is associated with an increase in cytokine sensitivity, elevated JAK-STAT signaling, and changes in gene expression. As inactivation mutations in PTPN1 and PTPN2 are restricted to distinct subsets of leukemia and lymphoma, a future challenge will be to identify in which cellular contexts do they contributing to the initiation or maintenance of leukemogenesis or lymphomagenesis. As well, the molecular mechanisms by which PTP1B and TC-PTP loss co-operates with other genetic aberrations will need to be elucidated to design more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 is associated with activation of AKT and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26208487 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and new clinical markers are needed to individualise disease management and therapy further. Alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, mainly PIK3CA mutations, have been shown frequently especially in the luminal breast cancer subtypes, suggesting a cross-talk between ER and PI3K/AKT. Aberrant PI3K/AKT signalling has been connected to poor response to anti-oestrogen therapies. In vitro studies have shown protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) as a previously unknown negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here, we evaluate possible genomic alterations in the PTPN2 gene and its potential as a new prognostic and treatment predictive marker for endocrine therapy benefit in breast cancer. PTPN2 gene copy number was assessed by real-time PCR in 215 tumour samples from a treatment randomised study consisting of postmenopausal patients diagnosed with stage II breast cancer 1976-1990. Corresponding mRNA expression levels of PTPN2 were evaluated in 86 available samples by the same methodology. Gene copy loss of PTPN2 was detected in 16% (34/215) of the tumours and this was significantly correlated with lower levels of PTPN2 mRNA. PTPN2 gene loss and lower mRNA levels were associated with activation of AKT and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, PTPN2 gene loss was a significant predictive marker of poor benefit from tamoxifen treatment. In conclusion, genomic loss of PTPN2 may be a previously unknown mechanism of PI3K/AKT upregulation in breast cancer. PTPN2 status is a potential new clinical marker of endocrine treatment benefit which could guide further individualised therapies in breast cancer.
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Ketogenic diet does not impair spatial ability controlled by the hippocampus in male rats. Brain Res 2015; 1622:36-42. [PMID: 26111645 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A ketogenic diet was recently shown to reduce glutamate accumulation in synaptic vesicles, decreasing glutamate transmission. We questioned whether a ketogenic diet affects hippocampal function, as glutamate transmission is critically involved in visuospatial ability. In the present study, male Wistar rats were maintained on a ketogenic diet containing 10% protein and 90% fat with complements for 3 weeks to change their energy expenditure from glucose-dependent to fat-dependent. Control rats were fed a diet containing 10% protein, 10% fat, and 80% carbohydrates. The fat-dependent energy expenditure induced by the ketogenic diet led to decreased body weight and increased blood ketone production, though the rats in the two groups consumed the same number of calories. The ketogenic diet did not alter food preferences for the control or high-fat diet containing 10% protein, 45% fat, and 45% carbohydrates. Anxiety in the open field was not altered by ingestion the ketogenic diet. However, rats fed the ketogenic diet performed better in the Y-maze test than rats fed the control diet. No difference was observed between the two groups in the Morris water maze test. Finally, Western blot revealed that the hippocampal expression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) was significantly increased in mice fed a ketogenic diet. These results suggest that hippocampal function is not impaired by a ketogenic diet and we speculate that the fat-dependent energy expenditure does not impair visuospatial ability.
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Dodd GT, Decherf S, Loh K, Simonds SE, Wiede F, Balland E, Merry TL, Münzberg H, Zhang ZY, Kahn BB, Neel BG, Bence KK, Andrews ZB, Cowley MA, Tiganis T. Leptin and insulin act on POMC neurons to promote the browning of white fat. Cell 2015; 160:88-104. [PMID: 25594176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary task of white adipose tissue (WAT) is the storage of lipids. However, "beige" adipocytes also exist in WAT. Beige adipocytes burn fat and dissipate the energy as heat, but their abundance is diminished in obesity. Stimulating beige adipocyte development, or WAT browning, increases energy expenditure and holds potential for combating metabolic disease and obesity. Here, we report that insulin and leptin act together on hypothalamic neurons to promote WAT browning and weight loss. Deletion of the phosphatases PTP1B and TCPTP enhanced insulin and leptin signaling in proopiomelanocortin neurons and prevented diet-induced obesity by increasing WAT browning and energy expenditure. The coinfusion of insulin plus leptin into the CNS or the activation of proopiomelanocortin neurons also increased WAT browning and decreased adiposity. Our findings identify a homeostatic mechanism for coordinating the status of energy stores, as relayed by insulin and leptin, with the central control of WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie Decherf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eglantine Balland
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Troy L Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU Systems, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in regulating the immune system: implications for chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:645-55. [PMID: 25581833 PMCID: PMC4329025 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current hypothesis suggests that genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors contribute essentially to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Variations within the gene loci encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have been associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease. PTPs modulate the activity of their substrates by dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues and are critical for the regulation of fundamental cellular signaling processes. Evidence emerges that expression levels of PTPN2, PTPN11, and PTPN22 are altered in actively inflamed intestinal tissue. PTPN2 seems to be critical for protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function, regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and finally for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. These observations have been confirmed in PTPN2 knockout mice in vivo. Those animals are clearly more susceptible to intestinal and systemic inflammation and feature alterations in innate and adaptive immune responses. PTPN22 controls inflammatory signaling in lymphocytes and mononuclear cells resulting in aberrant cytokine secretion pattern and autophagosome formation. PTPN22 deficiency in vivo results in more severe colitis demonstrating the relevance of PTPN22 for intestinal homeostasis in vivo. Of note, loss of PTPN22 promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced cytokine secretion but limits secretion of nuclear factor κB-associated cytokines and autophagy in mononuclear cells. Loss of PTPN11 is also associated with increased colitis severity in vivo. In summary, dysfunction of those PTPs results in aberrant and uncontrolled immune responses that result in chronic inflammatory conditions. This way, it becomes more and more evident that dysfunction of PTPs displays an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation, in particular inflammatory bowel disease.
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Xi Y, Liu S, Bettaieb A, Matsuo K, Matsuo I, Hosein E, Chahed S, Wiede F, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Kulkarni RN, Tiganis T, Haj FG. Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency affects beta cell function in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:122-31. [PMID: 25338551 PMCID: PMC4258175 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP, encoded by PTPN2) regulates cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, the role of TCPTP in pancreatic endocrine function and insulin secretion remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the endocrine role of pancreatic TCPTP we generated mice with pancreas Ptpn2/TCPTP deletion (panc-TCPTP KO). RESULTS When fed regular chow, panc-TCPTP KO and control mice exhibited comparable glucose tolerance. However, when challenged with prolonged high fat feeding panc-TCPTP KO mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The defect in GSIS was recapitulated in primary islets ex vivo and after TCPTP pharmacological inhibition or lentiviral-mediated TCPTP knockdown in the glucose-responsive MIN6 beta cells, consistent with this being cell autonomous. Reconstitution of TCPTP in knockdown cells reversed the defect in GSIS demonstrating that the defect was a direct consequence of TCPTP deficiency. The reduced insulin secretion in TCPTP knockdown MIN6 beta cells was associated with decreased insulin content and glucose sensing. Furthermore, TCPTP deficiency led to enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT 1/3), and substrate trapping studies in MIN6 beta cells identified STAT 1/3 as TCPTP substrates. STAT3 pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated STAT3 knockdown in TCPTP deficient cells restored GSIS to control levels, indicating that the effects of TCPTP deficiency were mediated, at least in part, through enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation and signalling. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These studies identify a novel role for TCPTP in insulin secretion and uncover STAT3 as a physiologically relevant target for TCPTP in the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Xi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kosuke Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izumi Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen Hosein
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fawaz G. Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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St-Germain JR, Taylor P, Zhang W, Li Z, Ketela T, Moffat J, Neel BG, Trudel S, Moran MF. Differential regulation of FGFR3 by PTPN1 and PTPN2. Proteomics 2014; 15:419-33. [PMID: 25311528 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression and activation of FGFR3 is associated with disease states including bone dysplasia and malignancies of bladder, cervix, and bone marrow. MS analysis of protein-phosphotyrosine in multiple myeloma cells revealed a prevalent phosphorylated motif, D/EYYR/K, derived from the kinase domain activation loops of tyrosine kinases including FGFR3 corresponding to a recognition sequence of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN1. Knockdown of PTPN1 or the related enzyme PTPN2 by RNAi resulted in ligand-independent activation of FGFR3. Modulation of FGFR3 activation loop phosphorylation by both PTPN1 and PTPN2 was a function of receptor trafficking and phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP) compartmentalization. The FGFR3 activation loop motif DYYKK(650) is altered to DYYKE(650) in the oncogenic variant FGFR3(K650E) , and consequently it is constitutively fully activated and unaffected by activation loop phosphorylation. FGFR3(K650E) was nevertheless remarkably sensitive to negative regulation by PTPN1 and PTPN2. This suggests that in addition to modulating FGFR3 phosphorylation, PTPN1 and PTPN2 constrain the kinase domain by fostering an inactive-state. Loss of this constraint in response to ligand or impaired PTPN1/N2 may initiate FGFR3 activation. These results suggest a model wherein PTP expression levels may define conditions that select for ectopic FGFR3 expression and activation during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R St-Germain
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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Lee H, Morales LD, Slaga TJ, Kim DJ. Activation of T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase suppresses keratinocyte survival and proliferation following UVB irradiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:13-24. [PMID: 25406309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to UV radiation can contribute to the development of skin cancer by promoting protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. Studies show that exposure to UV radiation increases the ligand-independent activation of PTKs and induces protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inactivation. In the present work, we report that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) activity is stimulated during the initial response to UVB irradiation, which leads to suppression of keratinocyte cell survival and proliferation via the down-regulation of STAT3 signaling. Our results show that TC-PTP-deficient keratinocyte cell lines expressed a significantly increased level of phosphorylated STAT3 after exposure to low dose UVB. This increase corresponded with increased cell proliferation in TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes following UVB irradiation. Loss of TC-PTP also reduced UVB-induced apoptosis. Corroborating with these results, overexpression of TC-PTP in keratinocyte cell lines yielded a decrease in phosphorylated STAT3 levels, which corresponded with a significant decrease in cell proliferation in response to low dose UVB. We demonstrate that TC-PTP activity was increased upon UVB exposure, and overexpression of TC-PTP in keratinocyte cell lines further increased its activity in the presence of UVB. Treatment of TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes with the STAT3 inhibitor STA21 significantly reduced cell viability following UVB exposure in comparison with untreated TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes, confirming that the effect of TC-PTP on cell viability is mediated by STAT3 dephosphorylation. Combined, our results indicate that UVB-mediated activation of TC-PTP plays an important role in the STAT3-dependent regulation of keratinocyte cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, these results suggest that TC-PTP may be a novel potential target for the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Lee
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Liza D Morales
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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Abstract
Technological advances in the large scale analysis of human genetics have generated profound insights into possible genetic contributions to chronic diseases including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. To date, 163 distinct genetic risk loci have been associated with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, with a substantial degree of genetic overlap between these 2 conditions. Although many risk variants show a reproducible correlation with disease, individual gene associations only affect a subset of patients, and the functional contribution(s) of these risk variants to the onset of IBD is largely undetermined. Although studies in twins have demonstrated that the development of IBD is not mediated solely by genetic risk, it is nevertheless important to elucidate the functional consequences of risk variants for gene function in relevant cell types known to regulate key physiological processes that are compromised in IBD. This article will discuss IBD candidate genes that are known to be, or are suspected of being, involved in regulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and several of the physiological processes presided over by this dynamic and versatile layer of cells. This will include assembly and regulation of tight junctions, cell adhesion and polarity, mucus and glycoprotein regulation, bacterial sensing, membrane transport, epithelial differentiation, and restitution.
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45
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Yi Z, Lin WW, Stunz LL, Bishop GA. The adaptor TRAF3 restrains the lineage determination of thymic regulatory T cells by modulating signaling via the receptor for IL-2. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:866-74. [PMID: 25029551 PMCID: PMC4139452 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) must be tightly controlled for efficient suppression of autoimmunity with no impairment of normal immune responses. Here we found that the adaptor TRAF3 was intrinsically required for restraining the lineage determination of thymic Treg cells. T cell-specific deficiency in TRAF3 resulted in a two- to threefold greater frequency of Treg cells, due to the more efficient transition of precursors of Treg cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells. TRAF3 dampened interleukin 2 (IL-2) signaling by facilitating recruitment of the tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP to the IL-2 receptor complex, which resulted in dephosphorylation of the signaling molecules Jak1 and Jak3 and negative regulation of signaling via Jak and the transcription factor STAT5. Our results identify a role for TRAF3 as an important negative regulator of signaling via the IL-2 receptor that affects the development of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- 1] Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA. [2] Graduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura L Stunz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- 1] Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA. [2] Graduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA. [3] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA. [4] Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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46
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Li H, Spagnol G, Naslavsky N, Caplan S, Sorgen PL. TC-PTP directly interacts with connexin43 to regulate gap junction intercellular communication. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3269-79. [PMID: 24849651 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases have long been reported to regulate connexins; however, little is known about the involvement of phosphatases in the modulation of intercellular communication through gap junctions and the subsequent downstream effects on cellular processes. Here, we identify an interaction between the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP, officially known as PTPN2) and the carboxyl terminus of connexin43 (Cx43, officially known as GJA1). Two cell lines, normal rat kidney (NRK) cells endogenously expressing Cx43 and an NRK-derived cell line expressing v-Src with temperature-sensitive activity, were used to demonstrate that EGF and v-Src stimulation, respectively, induced TC-PTP to colocalize with Cx43 at the plasma membrane. Cell biology experiments using phospho-specific antibodies and biophysical assays demonstrated that the interaction is direct and that TC-PTP dephosphorylates Cx43 residues Y247 and Y265, but does not affect v-Src. Transfection of TC-PTP also indirectly led to the dephosphorylation of Cx43 S368, by inactivating PKCα and PKCδ, with no effect on the phosphorylation of S279 and S282 (MAPK-dependent phosphorylation sites). Dephosphorylation maintained Cx43 gap junctions at the plaque and partially reversed the channel closure caused by v-Src-mediated phosphorylation of Cx43. Understanding dephosphorylation, along with the well-documented roles of Cx43 phosphorylation, might eventually lead to methods to modulate the regulation of gap junction channels, with potential benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Stanford SM, Ahmed V, Barrios AM, Bottini N. Cellular biochemistry methods for investigating protein tyrosine phosphatases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2160-78. [PMID: 24294920 PMCID: PMC3995294 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of proteins that play critical roles in cellular signaling and influence many aspects of human health and disease. Although a wealth of information has been collected about PTPs since their discovery, many questions regarding their regulation and function still remain. CRITICAL ISSUES Of particular importance are the elucidation of the biological substrates of individual PTPs and understanding of the chemical and biological basis for temporal and spatial resolution of PTP activity within a cell. RECENT ADVANCES Drawing from recent advances in both biology and chemistry, innovative approaches have been developed to study the intracellular biochemistry and physiology of PTPs. We provide a summary of PTP-tailored techniques and approaches, emphasizing methodologies to study PTP activity within a cellular context. We first provide a discussion of methods for identifying PTP substrates, including substrate-trapping mutants and synthetic peptide libraries for substrate selectivity profiling. We next provide an overview of approaches for monitoring intracellular PTP activity, including a discussion of mechanistic-based probes, gel-based assays, substrates that can be used intracellularly, and assays tied to cell growth. Finally, we review approaches used for monitoring PTP oxidation, a key regulatory pathway for these enzymes, discussing the biotin switch method and variants of this approach, along with affinity trapping techniques and probes designed to detect PTP oxidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further development of approaches to investigate the intracellular PTP activity and functions will provide specific insight into their mechanisms of action and control of diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- 1 Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, California
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Merry TL, Tran M, Stathopoulos M, Wiede F, Fam BC, Dodd GT, Clarke I, Watt MJ, Andrikopoulos S, Tiganis T. High-fat-fed obese glutathione peroxidase 1-deficient mice exhibit defective insulin secretion but protection from hepatic steatosis and liver damage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2114-29. [PMID: 24252128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 can promote signaling through the inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, in obesity, the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant reserve and can contribute to the promotion of insulin resistance. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) is an antioxidant enzyme that eliminates H2O2. Here, we have used Gpx1(-/-) mice to assess the impact of oxidative stress on glucose homeostasis in the context of obesity. RESULTS Gpx1(-/-) mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibited systemic oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, but had unaltered whole-body insulin sensitivity, improved hepatic insulin signaling, and decreased whole-body glucose production. High-fat-fed Gpx1(-/-) mice also exhibited decreased hepatic steatosis and liver damage accompanied by decreased plasma insulin and decreased glucose-induced insulin secretion. The decreased insulin secretion was associated with reduced islet β cell pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1) and insulin content, elevated pancreatic PTP oxidation (including PTPN2 oxidation), and elevated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) Y701 phosphorylation. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Taken together, these results are consistent with H2O2 inactivating pancreatic PTPs (such as the STAT1 phosphatase PTPN2) for the promotion of STAT-1 signaling to suppress Pdx1 expression and differentiation and, consequently, reduce β cell insulin secretion. We propose that the decreased insulin secretion, in turn, results in decreased hepatic lipogenesis and steatosis, attenuates liver damage, and improves hepatic insulin signaling to suppress hepatic glucose production. Limiting insulin secretion may help combat the development of hepatic steatosis and liver damage in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Victoria, Australia
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49
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Tchankouo-Nguetcheu S, Udinotti M, Durand M, Meng TC, Taouis M, Rabinow L. Negative regulation of MAP kinase signaling in Drosophila by Ptp61F/PTP1B. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:795-806. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Bettaieb A, Xi Y, Hosein E, Coggins N, Bachaalany S, Wiede F, Perez S, Griffey SM, Sastre J, Tiganis T, Haj FG. Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:13. [PMID: 24606867 PMCID: PMC4016516 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical problem whose incidence has been progressively increasing in recent years. Onset of the disease is trigged by intra-acinar cell activation of digestive enzyme zymogens that induce autodigestion, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acinar cell injury. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is implicated in inflammatory signaling but its significance in AP remains unclear. Results In this study we assessed the role of pancreatic TCPTP in cerulein-induced AP. TCPTP expression was increased at the protein and messenger RNA levels in the early phase of AP in mice and rats. To directly determine whether TCPTP may have a causal role in AP we generated mice with pancreatic TCPTP deletion (panc-TCPTP KO) by crossing TCPTP floxed mice with Pdx1-Cre transgenic mice. Amylase and lipase levels were lower in cerulein-treated panc-TCPTP KO mice compared with controls. In addition, pancreatic mRNA and serum concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 were lower in panc-TCPTP KO mice. At the molecular level, panc-TCPTP KO mice exhibited enhanced cerulein-induced STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation accompanied by a decreased cerulein-induced NF-κB inflammatory response, and decreased ER stress and cell death. Conclusion These findings revealed a novel role for pancreatic TCPTP in the progression of cerulein-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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