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Galli J, Almiñana C, Wiesendanger M, Schuler G, Kowalewski MP, Klisch K. Bovine placental extracellular vesicles carry the fusogenic syncytin BERV-K1. Theriogenology 2024; 223:59-69. [PMID: 38678697 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Syncytins are endogenous retroviral envelope proteins which induce the fusion of membranes. A human representative of this group, endogenous retrovirus group W member 1 envelope (ERVW-1) or syncytin-1 is present in trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles and supports the incorporation of these extracellular vesicles into recipient cells. During pregnancy, placenta-derived extracellular vesicles participate in feto-maternal communication. Bovine fetal binucleate trophoblast cells express the syncytin, bovine endogenous retroviral envelope protein K1 (BERV-K1). These cells release extracellular vesicles into the maternal stroma, but it is unclear whether BERV-K1 is included in these extracellular vesicles. Here, extracellular vesicles were isolated from bovine placental tissue using collagenase digestion, ultracentrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography. They were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy were used to localize BERV-K1 within the bovine placental tissue. The isolated extracellular vesicles range between 50 and 300 nm, carrying multiple extracellular vesicle biomarkers. Proteomic analysis and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed BERV-K1 presence on the isolated extracellular vesicles. Further, BERV-K1 was localized on intraluminal vesicles in secretory granules of binucleate trophoblast cells. The presence of BERV-K1 on bovine placental extracellular vesicles suggests their role in feto-maternal communication and potential involvement of BERV-K1 in uptake of extracellular vesicles by target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Galli
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Almiñana
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahesa Wiesendanger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 106, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariusz Pawel Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Klisch
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 120, 3350, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Sani F, Shojaei S, Tabatabaei SA, Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Latifi M, Sani M, Azarpira N. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:174. [PMID: 38886844 PMCID: PMC11184895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell adoptive immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that uses genetically engineered T cells to attack tumors. However, this therapy can have some adverse effects. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes are a potential alternative to CAR-T cells that may overcome some limitations. Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells and can carry a variety of molecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. They play an important role in intercellular communication and can be used to deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. The application of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes could make CAR-T cell therapy more clinically controllable and effective. Exosomes are cell-free, which means that they are less likely to cause adverse reactions than CAR-T cells. The combination of CAR-T cells and exosomes may be a more effective way to treat cancer than either therapy alone. Exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells where CAR-T cells cannot reach. The appropriate application of both cellular and exosomal platforms could make CAR-T cell therapy a more practicable treatment for cancer. This combination therapy could offer a safe and effective way to treat a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shojaei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mona Latifi
- Department of Physiological Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Heidarpour M, Krockenberger M, Bennett P. Review of exosomes and their potential for veterinary medicine. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105141. [PMID: 38218063 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are released by almost all cell types and play a crucial role in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Exosomes, found in biological fluids (including plasma, urine, milk, semen, saliva, abdominal fluid and cervical vaginal fluid) and ranging in size from 50 to 150 nm, are critical for intercellular communication. Analysis of exosomal cargos, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids, has been proposed as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Exosomes can also be used as novel, cell-free, treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the role, significance and application of exosomes and their cargos in diseases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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4
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Chang H, Chen E, Hu Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ye‐Lehmann S, Mao X, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305554. [PMID: 38143270 PMCID: PMC10933635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID-19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID-19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID-19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID-19 neuropathology by transporting brain-derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID-19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Honghui hospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shixin Ye‐Lehmann
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System University of Paris‐Scalay Bicêtre Hosptial BâtGrégory Pincus 80 Rue du Gal Leclerc, CedexLe Kremlin Bicêtre94276France
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Cell EngineeringSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
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5
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Berezin AE, Berezin AA. Extracellular vesicles in heart failure. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:1-32. [PMID: 38514208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated as crucial mediators of immune response, cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and growth, and tissue repair. In heart failure (HF) they may act as regulators of cardiac remodeling, microvascular inflammation, micro environmental changes, tissue fibrosis, atherosclerosis, neovascularization of plaques, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and reciprocal heart-remote organ interaction. The chapter summaries the nomenclature, isolation, detection of EVs, their biologic role and function physiologically as well as in the pathogenesis of HF. Current challenges to the utilization of EVs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in HF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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6
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Ciferri MC, Bruno S, Rosenwasser N, Gorgun C, Reverberi D, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Grange C, Bussolati B, Quarto R, Tasso R. Standardized Method to Functionalize Plasma-Extracellular Vesicles via Copper-Free Click Chemistry for Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:827-838. [PMID: 38227342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential vehicles for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic applications. However, achieving consistent and reliable functionalization of EV membranes remains a challenge. Copper-catalyzed click chemistry, commonly used for EV surface modification, poses limitations due to cytotoxicity and interference with biological systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a standardized method for functionalizing an EV membrane via copper-free click chemistry. EVs derived from plasma hold immense potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the isolation and functionalization of EVs from such a complex biofluid represent considerable challenges. We compared three different EV isolation methods to obtain an EV suspension with an optimal purity/yield ratio, and we identified sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation (sUC) as the ideal protocol. We then optimized the reaction conditions to successfully functionalize the plasma-EV surface through a copper-free click chemistry strategy with a fluorescently labeled azide, used as a proof-of-principle molecule. Click-EVs maintained their identity, size, and, more importantly, capacity to be efficiently taken up by responder tumor cells. Moreover, once internalized, click EVs partially followed the endosomal recycling route. The optimized reaction conditions and characterization techniques presented in this study offer a foundation for future investigations and applications of functionalized EVs in drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Ciferri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Nicole Rosenwasser
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Cansu Gorgun
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- UO Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- UO Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16132, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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7
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Yu Z, Teng Y, Yang J, Yang L. The role of exosomes in adult neurogenesis: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:282-288. [PMID: 37488879 PMCID: PMC10503605 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cup-shaped extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer that is approximately 30 to 200 nm in thickness. Exosomes are widely distributed in a range of body fluids, including urine, blood, milk, and saliva. Exosomes exert biological function by transporting factors between different cells and by regulating biological pathways in recipient cells. As an important form of intercellular communication, exosomes are increasingly being investigated due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs between cells, and because they can regulate physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process by which new neurons are generated and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. In the adult brain, neurogenesis is mainly localized in two specialized niches: the subventricular zone adjacent to the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. An increasing body of evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions with the niches. In recent studies, exosomes released from different sources of cells were shown to play an active role in regulating neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, thereby participating in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in patients and in various disease models. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of existing research that aimed to identify the diverse components of exosome cargoes and elucidate the therapeutic potential of exosomal contents in the regulation of neurogenesis in several neurodegenerative diseases. We emphasize that exosomal cargoes could serve as a potential biomarker to monitor functional neurogenesis in adults. In addition, exosomes can also be considered as a novel therapeutic approach to treat various neurodegenerative disorders by improving endogenous neurogenesis to mitigate neuronal loss in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyang Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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8
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Martínez-Rojas PP, Monroy-Martínez V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Zika Virus-Infected Monocyte Exosomes Mediate Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission. Cells 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38247836 PMCID: PMC10814160 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika fever is a reemerging arthropod-borne viral disease; however, Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted by other, non-vector means. Severe Zika fever is characterized by neurological disorders, autoimmunity, or congenital Zika syndrome. Monocytes are primary ZIKV targets in humans and, in response to infection, release extracellular vesicles like exosomes. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and are involved in the virus's ability to circumvent the immune response, promoting pathological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the role of monocyte exosomes in cell-to-cell viral transmission. We isolated exosomes from ZIKV-infected monocytes (Mø exo ZIKV) by differential ultracentrifugation and identified them by nanoparticle tracking analysis; transmission electron microscopy; and CD63, CD81, TSG101, and Alix detection by cytofluorometry. Purified exosome isolates were obtained by uncoupling from paramagnetic beads or by treatment with UV radiation and RNase A. We found that Mø exo ZIKV carry viral RNA and E/NS1 proteins and that their interaction with naïve cells favors viral transmission, infection, and cell differentiation/activation. These data suggest that Mø exo ZIKV are an efficient alternative pathway for ZIKV infection. Knowledge of these mechanisms contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of severe disease and to the development of new vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pablo Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Blanca H. Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (V.M.-M.)
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9
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D’Avila H, Lima CNR, Rampinelli PG, Mateus LCO, de Sousa Silva RV, Correa JR, de Almeida PE. Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:640. [PMID: 38203811 PMCID: PMC10778989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due to potential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and efficient immune activation, EVs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that they frequently have dysregulated lipid profiles, which are associated with an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles with significant roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as having a wide range of functions in infections. The down-modulation of lipids, such as sphingolipid ceramide and eicosanoids, or of the transcriptional factors involved in lipogenesis seem to inhibit the viral multiplication, suggesting their involvement in the virus replication and pathogenesis as well as highlighting their potential as targets for drug development. Hence, this review focuses on the role of modulation of lipid metabolism and EVs in the mechanism of immune system evasion during SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the therapeutic potential of EVs as well as application for delivering therapeutic substances to mitigate viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa D’Avila
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Laiza Camila Oliveira Mateus
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Renata Vieira de Sousa Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - José Raimundo Correa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Elaine de Almeida
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
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10
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Jing Z, Zhang G, Cai Y, Liang J, Lv L, Dang X. Engineered extracellular vesicle-delivered TGF-β inhibitor for attenuating osteoarthritis by targeting subchondral bone. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241257781. [PMID: 39071897 PMCID: PMC11273819 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241257781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that affects the entire joint. To treat OA, it may be beneficial to inhibit the activity of TGF-β in the subchondral bone. However, delivering drugs to the subchondral bone using conventional methods is challenging. In this study, we developed an extracellular vesicle delivery system. The utilization of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as a drug-carrying platform enables drugs to evade immune clearance and cross biological barriers. By incorporating targeting peptides on the surface of extracellular vesicles, the drug platform becomes targeted. The combination of these two factors results in the successful delivery of the drug to the subchondral bone. The study evaluated the stability, cytotoxicity, and bone targeting capability of the engineered extracellular vesicle platform (BT-EV-G). It also assessed the effects of BT-EV-G on the differentiation, proliferation, and migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, the researchers administered BT-EV-G to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mice. The results showed that BT-EV-G had low toxicity and high bone targeting ability both in vitro and in vivo. BT-EV-G can restore coupled bone remodeling in subchondral bone by inhibiting pSmad2/3-dependent TGF-β signaling. This work provides new insights into the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopu Jing
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangyang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jialin Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Leifeng Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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11
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Lu Y, Godbout K, Lamothe G, Tremblay JP. CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies with engineered extracellular vesicles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102040. [PMID: 37842166 PMCID: PMC10571031 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic genome editing has the potential to cure diseases by directly correcting genetic mutations in tissues and cells. Recent progress in the CRISPR-Cas9 systems has led to breakthroughs in gene editing tools because of its high orthogonality, versatility, and efficiency. However, its safe and effective administration to target organs in patients is a major hurdle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membranous particles secreted spontaneously by all cells. They are key actors in cell-to-cell communication, allowing the exchange of select molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to induce functional changes in the recipient cells. Recently, EVs have displayed their potential for trafficking the CRISPR-Cas9 system during or after their formation. In this review, we highlight recent developments in EV loading, surface functionalization, and strategies for increasing the efficiency of delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to tissues, organs, and cells for eventual use in gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Kelly Godbout
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
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12
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Grange C, Dalmasso A, Cortez JJ, Spokeviciute B, Bussolati B. Exploring the role of urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology, aging, and disease progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1439-C1450. [PMID: 37842748 PMCID: PMC10861146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles present in all body fluids, are considered important messengers, carrying their information over long distance and modulating the gene expression profile of recipient cells. EVs collected in urine (uEVs) are mainly originated from the apical part of urogenital tract, following the urine flow. Moreover, bacterial-derived EVs are present within urine and may reflect the composition of microbiota. Consolidated evidence has established the involvement of uEVs in renal physiology, being responsible for glomerular and tubular cross talk and among different tubular segments. uEVs may also be involved in other physiological functions such as modulation of innate immunity, coagulation, or metabolic activities. Furthermore, it has been recently remonstrated that age, sex, endurance excise, and lifestyle may influence uEV composition and release, modifying their cargo. On the other hand, uEVs appear modulators of different urogenital pathological conditions, triggering disease progression. uEVs sustain fibrosis and inflammation processes, both involved in acute and chronic kidney diseases, aging, and stone formation. The molecular signature of uEVs collected from diseased patients can be of interest for understanding kidney physiopathology and for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Dalmasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Judiel John Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spokeviciute
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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Jahangiri B, Khalaj-Kondori M, Asadollahi E, Kian Saei A, Sadeghizadeh M. Dual impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cancer cells: unravelling complex interactions. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00794-3. [PMID: 37973719 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing stromal cells found in a variety of adult tissues. MSCs possess a remarkable ability to migrate towards tumor sites, known as homing. This homing process is mediated by various factors, including chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components present in the tumor microenvironment. MSCs release extracellular vesicles known as exosomes (MSC-Exos), which have been suggested to serve a key role in mediating a wide variety of MSC activities. Through cell-cell communication, MSC-Exos have been shown to alter recipient cell phenotype or function and play as a novel cell-free alternative for MSC-based cell therapy. However, MSC recruitment to tumors allows for their interaction with cancer cells and subsequent regulation of tumor behavior. MSC-Exos act as tumor niche modulators via transferring exosomal contents, such as specific proteins or genetic materials, to the nearby cancer cells, leading to either promotion or suppression of tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, depending on the specific microenvironmental cues and recipient cell characteristics. Consequently, there is still a debate about the precise relationship between tumor cells and MSC-Exos, and it is unclear how MSC-Exos impacts tumor cells. Although the dysregulation of miRNAs is caused by the progression of cancer, they also play a direct role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth as they act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The utilization of MSC-Exos may prove to be an effective method for restoring miRNA as a means of treating cancer. This review aimed to present the existing understanding of the impact that MSC-Exos could have on cancer. To begin with, we presented a brief explanation of exosomes, MSCs, and MSC-Exos. Following this, we delved into the impact of MSC-Exos on cancer growth, EMT, metastasis, angiogenesis, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and modulation of the immune system. Opposing effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahangiri
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elahe Asadollahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kian Saei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, He Y, Boucetta H, Wu J, Chen Z, He W. Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4105-4126. [PMID: 37799378 PMCID: PMC10547918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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15
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Bou JV, Taguwa S, Matsuura Y. Trick-or-Trap: Extracellular Vesicles and Viral Transmission. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1532. [PMID: 37896936 PMCID: PMC10611016 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane-enclosed particles produced by most cells, playing important roles in various biological processes. They have been shown to be involved in antiviral mechanisms such as transporting antiviral molecules, transmitting viral resistance, and participating in antigen presentation. While viral transmission was traditionally thought to occur through independent viral particles, the process of viral infection is complex, with multiple barriers and challenges that viruses must overcome for successful infection. As a result, viruses exploit the intercellular communication pathways of EVs to facilitate cluster transmission, increasing their chances of infecting target cells. Viral vesicle transmission offers two significant advantages. Firstly, it enables the collective transmission of viral genomes, increasing the chances of infection and promoting interactions between viruses in subsequent generations. Secondly, the use of vesicles as vehicles for viral transmission provides protection to viral particles against environmental factors, while also expanding the cell tropism allowing viruses to reach cells in a receptor-independent manner. Understanding the role of EVs in viral transmission is crucial for comprehending virus evolution and developing innovative antiviral strategies, therapeutic interventions, and vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Vicente Bou
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuhei Taguwa
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Tréton G, Sayer C, Schürz M, Jaritsch M, Müller A, Matea CT, Stanojlovic V, Melo-Benirschke H, Be C, Krembel C, Rodde S, Haffke M, Hintermann S, Marzinzik A, Ripoche S, Blöchl C, Hollerweger J, Auer D, Cabrele C, Huber CG, Hintersteiner M, Wagner T, Lingel A, Meisner-Kober N. Quantitative and functional characterisation of extracellular vesicles after passive loading with hydrophobic or cholesterol-tagged small molecules. J Control Release 2023; 361:694-716. [PMID: 37567507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized intercellular messengers that bear enormous application potential as biological drug delivery vehicles. Much progress has been made for loading or decorating EVs with proteins, peptides or RNAs using genetically engineered donor cells, but post-isolation loading with synthetic drugs and using EVs from natural sources remains challenging. In particular, quantitative and unambiguous data assessing whether and how small molecules associate with EVs versus other components in the samples are still lacking. Here we describe the systematic and quantitative characterisation of passive EV loading with small molecules based on hydrophobic interactions - either through direct adsorption of hydrophobic compounds, or by membrane anchoring of hydrophilic ligands via cholesterol tags. As revealed by single vesicle imaging, both ligand types bind to CD63 positive EVs (exosomes), however also non-specifically to other vesicles, particles, and serum proteins. The hydrophobic compounds Curcumin and Terbinafine aggregate on EVs with no apparent saturation up to 106-107 molecules per vesicle as quantified by liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). For both compounds, high density EV loading resulted in the formation of a population of large, electron-dense vesicles as detected by quantitative cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a reduced EV cell uptake and a toxic gain of function for Curcumin-EVs. In contrast, cholesterol tagging of a hydrophilic mdm2-targeted cyclic peptide saturated at densities of ca 104-105 molecules per vesicle, with lipidomics showing addition to, rather than replacement of endogenous cholesterol. Cholesterol anchored ligands did not change the EVs' size or morphology, and such EVs retained their cell uptake activity without inducing cell toxicity. However, the cholesterol-anchored ligands were rapidly shed from the vesicles in presence of serum. Based on these data, we conclude that (1) both methods allow loading of EVs with small molecules but are prone to unspecific compound binding or redistribution to other components if present in the sample, (2) cholesterol anchoring needs substantial optimization of formulation stability for in vivo applications, whereas (3) careful titration of loading densities is warranted when relying on hydrophobic interactions of EVs with hydrophobic compounds to mitigate changes in physicochemical properties, loss of EV function and potential cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Tréton
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Schürz
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Jaritsch
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Müller
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cristian-Tudor Matea
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vesna Stanojlovic
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heloisa Melo-Benirschke
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Celine Be
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Krembel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Rodde
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Haffke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hintermann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Marzinzik
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Ripoche
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Hollerweger
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Auer
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Meisner-Kober
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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17
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Kakiuchi Y, Kuroda S, Kanaya N, Kagawa S, Tazawa H, Fujiwara T. Exosomes as a drug delivery tool for cancer therapy: a new era for existing drugs and oncolytic viruses. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:807-816. [PMID: 37742281 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles involved in cell-to-cell communications. These nanovesicles are generally considered to contain important carriers of information such as DNA and RNA, and show specific tropism. AREAS COVERED The combination of existing therapeutic agents with exosomes enhances therapeutic effects by increasing uptake into the tumor. Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) may also be triggered more strongly than with the drug alone. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are even more effective as a drug in combination with exosomes. Although OVs are more likely to cause immune activity, combination with exosomes can exert synergistic effects. OVs have potent anti-tumor effects, but many limitations, such as being limited to local administration and vulnerability to attack by antibodies. Incorporation into exosomes can overcome these limitations and may allow effects against distant tumors. EXPERT OPINION Novel therapies using exosomes are very attractive in terms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. This approach also contains elements overcoming disadvantages in OVs, which have not been used clinically until now, and may usher in a new era of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Gonçalves D, Pinto SN, Fernandes F. Extracellular Vesicles and Infection: From Hijacked Machinery to Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1738. [PMID: 37376186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a broad range of secreted cell-derived membrane vesicles. Beyond their more well-characterized role in cell communication, in recent years, EVs have also been shown to play important roles during infection. Viruses can hijack the biogenesis of exosomes (which are small EVs) to promote viral spreading. Additionally, these exosomes are also important mediators in inflammation and immune responses during both bacterial and viral infections. This review summarizes these mechanisms while also describing the impact of bacterial EVs in regulating immune responses. Finally, the review also focuses on the potential and challenges of using EVs, in particular, to tackle infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gonçalves
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Wei J, Ou Z, Tong B, Liao Z, Yang C. Engineered extracellular vesicles as therapeutics of degenerative orthopedic diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162263. [PMID: 37362216 PMCID: PMC10289007 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative orthopedic diseases, as a global public health problem, have made serious negative impact on patients' quality of life and socio-economic burden. Traditional treatments, including chemical drugs and surgical treatments, have obvious side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy. Therefore, biological therapy has become the focus of researches on degenerative orthopedic diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with superior properties of immunoregulatory, growth support, and drug delivery capabilities, have emerged as a new cell-free strategy for the treatment of many diseases, including degenerative orthopedic diseases. An increasing number of studies have shown that EVs can be engineered through cargo loading, surface modification, and chemical synthesis to improve efficiency, specificity, and safety. Herein, a comprehensive overview of recent advances in engineering strategies and applications of engineered EVs as well as related researches in degenerative orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is provided. In addition, we analyze the potential and challenges of applying engineered EVs to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cao Yang
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Liao, ; Cao Yang,
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20
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Greening DW, Xu R, Ale A, Hagemeyer CE, Chen W. Extracellular vesicles as next generation immunotherapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:73-100. [PMID: 36773820 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that EVs from immune, tumour, stromal cells and even bacteria and parasites mediate the communication of various immune cell types to dynamically regulate host immune response. EVs have an innate capacity to evade recognition, transport and transfer functional components to target cells, with subsequent removal by the immune system, where the immunological activities of EVs impact immunoregulation including modulation of antigen presentation and cross-dressing, immune activation, immune suppression, and immune surveillance, impacting the tumour immune microenvironment. In this review, we outline the recent progress of EVs in immunorecognition and therapeutic intervention in cancer, including vaccine and targeted drug delivery and summarise their utility towards clinical translation. We highlight the strategies where EVs (natural and engineered) are being employed as a therapeutic approach for immunogenicity, tumoricidal function, and vaccine development, termed immuno-EVs. With seminal studies providing significant progress in the sequential development of engineered EVs as therapeutic anti-tumour platforms, we now require direct assessment to tune and improve the efficacy of resulting immune responses - essential in their translation into the clinic. We believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in EV immunobiology and facilitate advances in engineering EVs for the development of novel EV-based immunotherapeutics as a platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rong Xu
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anukreity Ale
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Lin D, Shen Y, Liang T. Oncolytic virotherapy: basic principles, recent advances and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:156. [PMID: 37041165 PMCID: PMC10090134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the progress in genetic engineering technology, OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies, used alone or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications, as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics, biofunctions, and cancer hallmarks. Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as "qualified soldiers" first by improving target fidelity and safety, and then equipped with "cold weapons" for a proper cytocidal effect, "hot weapons" capable of activating cancer immunotherapy, or "auxiliary weapons" by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis, reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors. Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects. Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Pourmadadi M, Mahdi Eshaghi M, Ostovar S, Mohammadi Z, K. Sharma R, Paiva-Santos AC, Rahmani E, Rahdar A, Pandey S. Innovative nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy: Drug deliveryapplications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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23
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Cruz Camacho A, Alfandari D, Kozela E, Regev-Rudzki N. Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in protozoan parasites: The ESCRT complex in the trafficking fast lane? PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011140. [PMID: 36821560 PMCID: PMC9949670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a central mechanism of cell-cell communication. While EVs are found in most organisms, their pathogenesis-promoting roles in parasites are of particular interest given the potential for medical insight and consequential therapeutic intervention. Yet, a key feature of EVs in human parasitic protozoa remains elusive: their mechanisms of biogenesis. Here, we survey the current knowledge on the biogenesis pathways of EVs secreted by the four main clades of human parasitic protozoa: apicomplexans, trypanosomatids, flagellates, and amoebae. In particular, we shine a light on findings pertaining to the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery, as in mammals it plays important roles in EV biogenesis. This review highlights the diversity in EV biogenesis in protozoa, as well as the related involvement of the ESCRT system in these unique organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Cruz Camacho
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Alfandari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ewa Kozela
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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24
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Extracellular Vesicles: a Trojan Horse Delivery Method for Systemic Administration of Oncolytic Viruses. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-023-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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25
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The Landscape of Expressed Chimeric Transcripts in the Blood of Severe COVID-19 Infected Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020433. [PMID: 36851647 PMCID: PMC9958880 DOI: 10.3390/v15020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has quickly developed into a global public health threat. COVID-19 patients show distinct clinical features, and in some cases, during the severe stage of the condition, the disease severity leads to an acute respiratory disorder. In spite of several pieces of research in this area, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of disease severity are still not clearly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 alters the host cell splicing and transcriptional response to overcome the host immune response that provides the virus with favorable conditions to replicate efficiently within the host cells. In several disease conditions, aberrant splicing could lead to the development of novel chimeric transcripts that could promote the functional alternations of the cell. As severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported to cause abnormal splicing in the infected cells, we could expect the generation and expression of novel chimeric transcripts. However, no study so far has attempted to check whether novel chimeric transcripts are expressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, we analyzed several publicly available blood transcriptome datasets of severe COVID-19, mild COVID-19, other severe respiratory viral infected patients, and healthy individuals. We identified 424 severe COVID-19 -specific chimeric transcripts, 42 of which were recurrent. Further, we detected 189 chimeric transcripts common to severe COVID-19 and multiple severe respiratory viral infections. Pathway and gene enrichment analysis of the parental genes of these two subsets of chimeric transcripts reveals that these are potentially involved in immune-related processes, interferon signaling, and inflammatory responses, which signify their potential association with immune dysfunction leading to the development of disease severity. Our study provides the first detailed expression landscape of chimeric transcripts in severe COVID-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections.
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26
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Expanding therapeutic strategies for intracellular bacterial infections through conjugates of apoptotic body-antimicrobial peptides. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103444. [PMID: 36400344 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage intracellular infections are difficult to treat because conventional antibiotics tend to have poor penetration of mammalian cells. As a consequence, the immune response is affected and bacteria remain protected inside macrophages. The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is one of the alternatives developed as new treatments because of their broad spectrum of action. To improve drug delivery into the intracellular space, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an innovative strategy for drug delivery. In particular, apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are EVs that exhibit attraction to macrophages, which makes them a promising means of improving AMP delivery to treat macrophage intracellular infections. Here, we review important aspects that should be taken into account when developing ApoBD-AMP conjugates.
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27
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Sridharan B, Lim HG. Exosomes and ultrasound: The future of theranostic applications. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100556. [PMID: 36756211 PMCID: PMC9900624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials and pertaining formulations have been very successful in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications because of its ability to overcome pharmacological limitations. Some of them have gained significant focus in the recent decade for their theranostic properties. Exosomes can be grouped as biomaterials, since they consist of various biological micro/macromolecules and possess all the properties of a stable biomaterial with size in nano range. Significant research has gone into isolation and exploitation of exosomes as potential theranostic agent. However, the limitations in terms of yield, efficacy, and target specificity are continuously being addressed. On the other hand, several nano/microformulations are responsive to physical or chemical alterations and were successfully stimulated by tweaking the physical characteristics of the surrounding environment they are in. Some of them are termed as photodynamic, sonodynamic or thermodynamic therapeutic systems. In this regard, ultrasound and acoustic systems were extensively studied for its ability towards altering the properties of the systems to which they were applied on. In this review, we have detailed about the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes and ultrasound separately, consisting of their conventional applications, drawbacks, and developments for addressing the challenges. The information were categorized into various sections that provide complete overview of the isolation strategies and theranostic applications of exosomes in various diseases. Then the ultrasound-based disease diagnosis and therapy were elaborated, with special interest towards the use of ultrasound in enhancing the efficacy of nanomedicines and nanodrug delivery systems, Finally, we discussed about the ability of ultrasound in enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes, which could be the future of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Corresponding author. Biomedical Ultrasound Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Kalargyrou AA, Guilfoyle SE, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Pearson RA. Extracellular vesicles in the retina - putative roles in physiology and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1042469. [PMID: 36710933 PMCID: PMC9877344 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1042469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina encompasses a network of neurons, glia and epithelial and vascular endothelia cells, all coordinating visual function. Traditionally, molecular information exchange in this tissue was thought to be orchestrated by synapses and gap junctions. Recent findings have revealed that many cell types are able to package and share molecular information via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the technological advancements in visualisation and tracking of these delicate nanostructures has shown that the role of EVs in cell communication is pleiotropic. EVs are released under physiological conditions by many cells but they are also released during various disease stages, potentially reflecting the health status of the cells in their cargo. Little is known about the physiological role of EV release in the retina. However, administration of exogenous EVs in vivo after injury suggest a neurotrophic role, whilst photoreceptor transplantation in early stages of retina degeneration, EVs may facilitate interactions between photoreceptors and Müller glia cells. In this review, we consider some of the proposed roles for EVs in retinal physiology and discuss current evidence regarding their potential impact on ocular therapies via gene or cell replacement strategies and direct intraocular administration in the diseased eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini A. Kalargyrou
- King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan E. Guilfoyle
- King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Smith
- King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin R. Ali
- King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rachael A. Pearson
- King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Fu Y, Xiong S. Exosomes mediate Coxsackievirus B3 transmission and expand the viral tropism. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011090. [PMID: 36634130 PMCID: PMC9888687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific virus-receptor interactions are important determinants in viral host range, tropism and pathogenesis, influencing the location and initiation of primary infection as well as viral spread to other target organs/tissues in the postviremic phase. Coxsackieviruses of Group B (CVB) and its six serotypes (CVB1-6) specifically interact with two receptor proteins, coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF), and cause various lesions in most permissive tissues. However, our previous data and other studies revealed that virus receptor-negative cells or tissues can be infected with CVB type 3 (CVB3), which can also effectively replicate. To study this interesting finding, we explored the possibility that exosomes are involved in CVB3 tropism and that exosomes functionally enhance CVB3 transmission. We found that exosomes carried and delivered CVB3 virions, resulting in efficient infection in receptor-negative host cells. We also found that delivery of CVB3 virions attached to exosomes depended on the virus receptor CAR. Importantly, exosomes carrying CVB3 virions exhibited greater infection efficiency than free virions because they accessed various entry routes, overcoming restrictions to viral tropism. In vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibition of exosome coupling with virions attenuated CVB3-induced immunological system dysfunction and reduced mortality. Our study describes a new mechanism in which exosomes contribute to viral tropism, spread, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Protein-Coding Region Derived Small RNA in Exosomes from Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010867. [PMID: 36614310 PMCID: PMC9820831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes may function as multifactorial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, playing crucial roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes released from virus-infected cells may contain RNA and proteins facilitating infection spread. The purpose of our study was to analyze how the small RNA content of exosomes is affected by infection with the influenza A virus (IAV). Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation after hemadsorption of virions and their small RNA content was identified using high-throughput sequencing. As compared to mock-infected controls, 856 RNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in exosomes from IAV-infected cells, including fragments of 458 protein-coding (pcRNA), 336 small, 28 long intergenic non-coding RNA transcripts, and 33 pseudogene transcripts. Upregulated pcRNA species corresponded mainly to proteins associated with translation and antiviral response, and the most upregulated among them were RSAD2, CCDC141 and IFIT2. Downregulated pcRNA species corresponded to proteins associated with the cell cycle and DNA packaging. Analysis of differentially expressed pseudogenes showed that in most cases, an increase in the transcription level of pseudogenes was correlated with an increase in their parental genes. Although the role of exosome RNA in IAV infection remains undefined, the biological processes identified based on the corresponding proteins may indicate the roles of some of its parts in IAV replication.
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31
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Zhu G, Yang F, Wei H, Meng W, Gan J, Wang L, He C, Lu S, Cao B, Luo H, Han B, Li L. 90 K increased delivery efficiency of extracellular vesicles through mediating internalization. J Control Release 2023; 353:930-942. [PMID: 36529385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics, we identified a membrane protein on extracellular vesicles (EVs), 90 K, which predicts poor overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer. 90 K levels in serum EVs could serve as an independent factor for poor prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer. Pre-treatment of immune competent mice with tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) elicited an immune-suppressive microenvironment for tumor cells, which was regulated by 90 K. The immunosuppressive function of TDE-90 K depends on the presence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) rather than regulatory T cells. The immune regulatory role of TDEs on MDSCs depends on miR-21 which is encapsulated in TDEs. Moreover, 90 K is required for the internalization of TDE cargo though interacting with integrin-β1 and anti-siglec-9 rather than directly affecting the immune function of MDSCs. 90 K modification of γδT cell-derived EVs (γδTEVs) could increase the delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect of PD-L1 siRNA by γδTEVs. We concluded that as a secreted protein modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, 90 K can be carried by TDEs to mediate the internalization and delivery of TDEs cargo by recipient cells. This function of 90 K could be utilized to improve the efficiency of EV-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxuan Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Gan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuanshi He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China.
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32
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Lu S, Lu L, Liu Y, Li Z, Fang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J. Native and engineered extracellular vesicles for wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053217. [PMID: 36568307 PMCID: PMC9780283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as messengers mediate communication between parent and recipient cells through their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These endogenous vesicles have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of diseases. EVs can be released by various types of cells with unique biological properties. Recent studies have shown that native EVs are used as therapeutic agents to promote tissue repair by delivering various growth factors and trophic factors including VEGF, EGF, TFN-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β to participate in all physiological processes of wound healing. Furthermore, to improve their specificity, safety, and efficiency for wound healing, the content and surface of EVs can be designed, modified, and engineered. The engineering strategies of EVs are divided into parent cell modification and indirect modification of EVs. The therapeutic potential of current EVs and engineered EVs for wound healing still requires the exploration of their large-scale clinical applications through innovative approaches. Herein, we provide an overview of the current biological knowledge about wound healing and EVs, as well as the application of native EVs in promoting wound healing. We also outline recent advances in engineering EV methodologies to achieve ideal therapeutic potential. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered EVs in wound healing are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects for the translation of engineered EVs to clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherland
| | - Zenan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Gonçalves-Machado L, Verçoza BRF, Nogueira FCS, Melani RD, Domont GB, Rodrigues SP, Rodrigues JCF, Zingali RB. Extracellular Vesicles from Bothrops jararaca Venom Are Diverse in Structure and Protein Composition and Interact with Mammalian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110806. [PMID: 36422980 PMCID: PMC9698812 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex cocktails of non-toxic and toxic molecules that work synergistically for the envenoming outcome. Alongside the immediate consequences, chronic manifestations and long-term sequelae can occur. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were found in snake venom. EVs mediate cellular communication through long distances, delivering proteins and nucleic acids that modulate the recipient cell's function. However, the biological roles of snake venom EVs, including possible cross-organism communication, are still unknown. This knowledge may expand the understanding of envenoming mechanisms. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the EVs from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj-EVs), giving insights into their biological roles. Fresh venom was submitted to differential centrifugation, resulting in two EV populations with typical morphology and size range. Several conserved EV markers and a subset of venom related EV markers, represented mainly by processing enzymes, were identified by proteomic analysis. The most abundant protein family observed in Bj-EVs was 5'-nucleotidase, known to be immunosuppressive and a low abundant and ubiquitous toxin in snake venoms. Additionally, we demonstrated that mammalian cells efficiently internalize Bj-EVs. The commercial antibothropic antivenom partially recognizes Bj-EVs and inhibits cellular EV uptake. Based on the proteomic results and the in vitro interaction assays using macrophages and muscle cells, we propose that Bj-EVs may be involved not only in venom production and processing but also in host immune modulation and long-term effects of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gonçalves-Machado
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Gerência de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Niterói 24230-410, Brazil
| | - Brunno Renato Farias Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteômica (LabProt)—LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donadélli Melani
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Silas Pessini Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2139386782
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Zeng EZ, Chen I, Chen X, Yuan X. Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Cell-Free Therapeutics in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102485. [PMID: 36289747 PMCID: PMC9598823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles (50–1000 nm) that can be secreted by all cell types. Microvesicles and exosomes are the major subsets of EVs that exhibit the cell–cell communications and pathological functions of human tissues, and their therapeutic potentials. To further understand and engineer EVs for cell-free therapy, current developments in EV biogenesis and secretion pathways are discussed to illustrate the remaining gaps in EV biology. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs), as a major EV cargo that exert promising therapeutic results, are discussed in the context of biological origins, sorting and packing, and preclinical applications in disease progression and treatments. Moreover, advanced detection and engineering strategies for exosomal miRs are also reviewed. This article provides sufficient information and knowledge for the future design of EVs with specific miRs or protein cargos in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Isabelle Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Los Altos High School, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: or
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35
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Sbarigia C, Vardanyan D, Buccini L, Tacconi S, Dini L. SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicles: An intricate interplay in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.987034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized as intercellular communication mediators. Among the different biological processes, EVs play a role in viral infections, supporting virus entrance and spread into host cells and immune response evasion. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection became an urgent public health issue with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, being responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Since EVs are implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection in a morphological and functional level, they have gained growing interest for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and represent possible diagnostic tools to track the disease progression. Furthermore, thanks to their biocompatibility and efficient immune activation, the use of EVs may also represent a promising strategy for the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. In this review, we explore the role of EVs in viral infections with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenesis, considering recent morphometric studies. The common biogenesis aspects and structural similarities between EVs and SARS-CoV-2 will be examined, offering a panoramic of their multifaceted interplay and presenting EVs as a machinery supporting the viral cycle. On the other hand, EVs may be exploited as early diagnostic biomarkers and efficient carriers for drug delivery and vaccination, and ongoing studies will be reviewed to highlight EVs as potential alternative therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Zhai Y, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Hao Y, Han F, Hong J, Zheng W, Ma S, Yang L, Cheng G. High-efficiency brain-targeted intranasal delivery of BDNF mediated by engineered exosomes to promote remyelination. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5707-5718. [PMID: 36039673 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00518b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of myelin sheaths is the ultimate goal of the treatment of demyelination disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current drugs for MS mainly target the immune system and can only slow down the disease development and do not promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) abundant in the myelin injury region into mature oligodendrocytes to form a new myelin sheath. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the regulation of OPC proliferation and differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Exosomes, a kind of nanoscale membrane vesicle secreted by cells, can be used as potential therapeutic drug delivery vectors for central nervous system diseases. Here, brain-targeted modification and BDNF intracellular-loaded exosomes were produced through engineering HEK293T cells, which can promote the differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro. The intranasal administration of the brain-targeted engineered exosome-mediated BDNF was a highly effective delivery route to the brain and had a significant therapeutic effect on remyelination and motor coordination ability improvement in demyelination model mice. The combination of intranasal administration with brain-targeted and BDNF-loaded designed exosomes provides a strategy for efficient drug delivery and treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhai
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Quanwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhanchi Zhu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China.,Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Fang Han
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Hong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Sancheng Ma
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lingyan Yang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China.,Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China.,Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong 528200, China
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37
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Post-COVID-19 Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Exosomal Cargo Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179739. [PMID: 36077138 PMCID: PMC9456372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, globally. Dopaminergic neuron degeneration in substantia nigra pars compacta and aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein are the PD hallmarks, accompanied by motor and non-motor symptoms. Several viruses have been linked to the appearance of a post-infection parkinsonian phenotype. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has evolved from a novel pneumonia to a multifaceted syndrome with multiple clinical manifestations, among which neurological sequalae appear insidious and potentially long-lasting. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles bearing a complex cargo of active biomolecules and playing crucial roles in intercellular communication under pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes constitute a reliable route for misfolded protein transmission, contributing to PD pathogenesis and diagnosis. Herein, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection shares numerous clinical manifestations and inflammatory and molecular pathways with PD. We carry on hypothesizing that these similarities may be reflected in exosomal cargo modulated by the virus in correlation with disease severity. Travelling from the periphery to the brain, SARS-CoV-2-related exosomal cargo contains SARS-CoV-2 RNA, viral proteins, inflammatory mediators, and modified host proteins that could operate as promoters of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory cascades, potentially leading to a future parkinsonism and PD development.
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Galisova A, Zahradnik J, Allouche-Arnon H, Morandi MI, Abou Karam P, Fisler M, Avinoam O, Regev-Rudzki N, Schreiber G, Bar-Shir A. Genetically Engineered MRI-Trackable Extracellular Vesicles as SARS-CoV-2 Mimetics for Mapping ACE2 Binding In Vivo. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12276-12289. [PMID: 35921522 PMCID: PMC9364977 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of viral-receptor interactions and an understanding of virus-spreading mechanisms are of great importance, particularly in the era of a pandemic. Indeed, advances in computational chemistry, synthetic biology, and protein engineering have allowed precise prediction and characterization of such interactions. Nevertheless, the hazards of the infectiousness of viruses, their rapid mutagenesis, and the need to study viral-receptor interactions in a complex in vivo setup call for further developments. Here, we show the development of biocompatible genetically engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) that display the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 on their surface as coronavirus mimetics (EVsRBD). Loading EVsRBD with iron oxide nanoparticles makes them MRI-visible and, thus, allows mapping of the binding of RBD to ACE2 receptors noninvasively in live subjects. Moreover, we show that EVsRBD can be modified to display mutants of the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, allowing rapid screening of currently raised or predicted variants of the virus. The proposed platform thus shows relevance and cruciality in the examination of quickly evolving pathogenic viruses in an adjustable, fast, and safe manner. Relying on MRI for visualization, the presented approach could be considered in the future to map ligand-receptor binding events in deep tissues, which are not accessible to luminescence-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galisova
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jiri Zahradnik
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mattia I. Morandi
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Fisler
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Sun Q, Lin S, Zhang M, Gong Y, Ma H, Tran NT, Zhang Y, Li S. SpRab11a-Regulated Exosomes Inhibit Bacterial Infection through the Activation of Antilipopolysaccharide Factors in Crustaceans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:710-722. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exosomes, secreted by most cells, are critical antimicrobial immune factors in animals. Recent studies of certain key regulators of vesicular transport, the Rab GTPases, have linked Rab dysfunction to regulation of innate immune signaling. However, the relationship between exosomes and Rab GTPases, resulting in antimicrobial activity in vertebrates and invertebrates during pathogenic infection, has not been addressed. In this study, SpRab11a was reported to have a protective effect on the survival rate of mud crabs Scylla paramamosain after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge through the stimulation of exosome secretion and modulation of anti-LPS factor (ALF) expression. Furthermore, Sp14-3-3 was confirmed to be densely packaged in exosomes after V. parahaemolyticus infection, which could recruit the MyD88 and TLR by binding the Toll/IL-1R domain to the plasma membrane, promoting the translocation of Dorsal from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and thereby regulating ALFs expression in the hemocytes of mud crab in response to the bacterial infection. The findings therefore provide, to our knowledge, a novel mechanism that underlies the cross-talk between SpRab11a-regulated exosome formation and ALFs expression in innate immune response in invertebrates, with a crustacean species, mud crab S. paramamosain, as a model study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yi Gong
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- *Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- †Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
- ‡Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Morteza Bagi H, Ahmadi S, Tarighat F, Rahbarghazi R, Soleimanpour H. Interplay between exosomes and autophagy machinery in pain management: State of the art. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100095. [PMID: 35720640 PMCID: PMC9198378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress regarding inexpensive medical approaches, many individuals suffer from moderate to severe pain globally. The discovery and advent of exosomes, as biological nano-sized vesicles, has revolutionized current knowledge about underlying mechanisms associated with several pathological conditions. Indeed, these particles are touted as biological bio-shuttles with the potential to carry specific signaling biomolecules to cells in proximity and remote sites, maintaining cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. A piece of evidence points to an intricate relationship between exosome biogenesis and autophagy signaling pathways at different molecular levels. A close collaboration of autophagic response with exosome release can affect the body's hemostasis and physiology of different cell types. This review is a preliminary attempt to highlight the possible interface of autophagy flux and exosome biogenesis on pain management with a special focus on neuropathic pain. It is thought that this review article will help us to understand the interplay of autophagic response and exosome biogenesis in the management of pain under pathological conditions. The application of therapies targeting autophagy pathway and exosome abscission can be an alternative strategy in the regulation of pain.
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Key Words
- Autophagy
- CESC-Exo, cartilage endplate stem cell-derived Exo
- Cell Therapy
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- HSPA8, heat shock protein family A member 8
- LAMP2, lysosomal‑associated membrane protein type 2
- LAT1, large amino acid transporter
- LTs, leukotrienes
- MAPK8/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8p-/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- NFKB/NF-κB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells
- NPCs, nucleus pulposus cells
- NPCs-Exo, NPCs-derived Exo
- Neural Exosome
- Pain Management
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- nSMase, ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Morteza Bagi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tarighat
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimanpour
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Arifin DR, Witwer KW, Bulte JWM. Non-Invasive imaging of extracellular vesicles: Quo vaditis in vivo? J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12241. [PMID: 35844061 PMCID: PMC9289215 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer delimited vesicles released by nearly all cell types that serve as mediators of intercellular signalling. Recent evidence has shown that EVs play a key role in many normal as well as pathological cellular processes. EVs can be exploited as disease biomarkers and also as targeted, cell-free therapeutic delivery and signalling vehicles for use in regenerative medicine and other clinical settings. Despite this potential, much remains unknown about the in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles of EVs after administration into living subjects. The ability to non-invasively image exogeneous EVs, especially in larger animals, will allow a better understanding of their in vivo homing and retention patterns, blood and tissue half-life, and excretion pathways, all of which are needed to advance clinical diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications of EVs. We present the current state-of-the-art methods for labeling EVs with various diagnostic contrast agents and tracers and the respective imaging modalities that can be used for their in vivo visualization: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic particle imaging (MPI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging). We review here the strengths and weaknesses of each of these EV imaging approaches, with special emphasis on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR Researchthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology ProgramInstitute for Cell Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Neurologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR Researchthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology ProgramInstitute for Cell Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Oncologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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42
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhang X, Shao T, Luo Y, Wang W, Han Y. Extracellular Vesicles and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:884369. [PMID: 35692794 PMCID: PMC9175035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.884369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain sufficient bioactive substances and are carriers of intercellular information exchange, as well as delivery vehicles for nucleic acids, proteins and drugs. Although EVs show great potential for the treatment of HCC and their role in HCC progression has been extensively studied, there are still many challenges such as time-consuming extraction, difficult storage, easy contamination, and low drug loading rate. We focus on the biogenesis, morphological characteristics, isolation and extraction of EVs and their significance in the progression of HCC, tumor invasion, immune escape and cancer therapy for a review. EVs may be effective biomarkers for molecular diagnosis of HCC and new targets for tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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43
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Exosome Carrier Effects; Resistance to Digestion in Phagolysosomes May Assist Transfers to Targeted Cells; II Transfers of miRNAs Are Better Analyzed via Systems Approach as They Do Not Fit Conventional Reductionist Stoichiometric Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116192. [PMID: 35682875 PMCID: PMC9181154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrier effects of extracellular vesicles (EV) like exosomes refer to properties of the vesicles that contribute to the transferred biologic effects of their contents to targeted cells. This can pertain to ingested small amounts of xenogeneic plant miRNAs and oral administration of immunosuppressive exosomes. The exosomes contribute carrier effects on transfers of miRNAs by contributing both to the delivery and the subsequent functional intracellular outcomes. This is in contrast to current quantitative canonical rules that dictate just the minimum copies of a miRNA for functional effects, and thus successful transfers, independent of the EV carrier effects. Thus, we argue here that transfers by non-canonical minute quantities of miRNAs must consider the EV carrier effects of functional low levels of exosome transferred miRNA that may not fit conventional reductionist stoichiometric concepts. Accordingly, we have examined traditional stoichiometry vs. systems biology that may be more appropriate for delivered exosome functional responses. Exosome carrier properties discussed include; their required surface activating interactions with targeted cells, potential alternate targets beyond mRNAs, like reaching a threshold, three dimensional aspects of the RNAs, added EV kinetic dynamic aspects making transfers four dimensional, and unique intracellular release from EV that resist intracellular digestion in phagolysosomes. Together these EV carrier considerations might allow systems analysis. This can then result in a more appropriate understanding of transferred exosome carrier-assisted functional transfers. A plea is made that the miRNA expert community, in collaboration with exosome experts, perform new experiments on molecular and quantitative miRNA functional effects in systems that include EVs, like variation in EV type and surface constituents, delivery, dose and time to hopefully create more appropriate and truly current canonical concepts of the consequent miRNA functional transfers by EVs like exosomes.
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44
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Salomon C, Das S, Erdbrügger U, Kalluri R, Kiang Lim S, Olefsky JM, Rice GE, Sahoo S, Andy Tao W, Vader P, Wang Q, Weaver AM. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emerging Roles as Cellular Messengers in Endocrinology: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:441-468. [PMID: 35552682 PMCID: PMC10686249 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been great interest in elucidating the biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly, their hormone-like role in cell-to-cell communication. The field of endocrinology is uniquely placed to provide insight into the functions of EVs, which are secreted from all cells into biological fluids and carry endocrine signals to engage in paracellular and distal interactions. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles of varying size, content, and bioactivity. EVs are specifically packaged with signaling molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and are released via exocytosis into biofluid compartments. EVs regulate the activity of both proximal and distal target cells, including translational activity, metabolism, growth, and development. As such, EVs signaling represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular communication. Moreover, as the content of EVs is cell-type specific, it is a "fingerprint" of the releasing cell and its metabolic status. Recently, changes in the profile of EV and bioactivity have been described in several endocrine-related conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The goal of this statement is to highlight relevant aspects of EV research and their potential role in the field of endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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45
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Römling U. The power of unbiased phenotypic screens - cellulose as a first receptor for the Schitoviridae phage S6 of Erwinia amylovora. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3316-3321. [PMID: 35415924 PMCID: PMC9544554 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, host‐dependent replicative non‐cellular entities which significantly shape the microbial genomes and consequently physiological and ecological properties of the microbial populations are exploited to restrict plant, animal and human pathogens. Unravelling of phage characteristics aids the understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of phage infections which can subsequently lead to the development of rationalized strategies to combat microbial pathogens. In an unbiased screen to investigate the molecular basis of infectivity of the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora by the lytic Schitoviridae phage S6, the biofilm extracellular matrix component cellulose has been identified as a cyclic di‐GMP dependent first receptor required for infection with the phage to possess beta‐1,4‐glucosidases to degrade the exopolysaccharide. This absolute receptor dependency allows maintenance of a phage‐microbe equilibrium with a low bacterial density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Jing W, Wang H, Zhan L, Yan W. Extracellular Vesicles, New Players in Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853840. [PMID: 35463634 PMCID: PMC9021632 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis refers to a complex syndrome associated with physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormalities resulted from infection. Sepsis is the major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are serving as new messengers to mediate cell-cell communication in vivo. Non-coding RNAs, proteins and metabolites encapsulated by EVs could result in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects in the recipient cells. Pathogens or host cells derived EVs play an important role in pathogens infection during the occurrence and development of sepsis and ARDS. Additionally, we summarize the potential application for EVs in diagnosis, prevention and treatment for sepsis and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liying Zhan, ; Wei Yan,
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liying Zhan, ; Wei Yan,
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47
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Fan B, Gu J, Wu J, Sun Y, Huang R, Shen H, Zhang X, Li Z. Circulating Abnormal Extracellular Vesicles: Their Mechanism for Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier, Effects on Central Nervous System and Detection Methods. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:640-659. [PMID: 35715917 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are difficult to treat and harmful. Many CNS diseases are secondary to peripheral diseases, such as tumor brain metastases (BMS), viral infections and inflammation of the brain, and their pathogenic factors travel through the circulatory system to the brain, eventually leading to lesions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in this process. Recent studies have shown that, extracellular EVs can effectively cross the blood- brain barrier (BBB) through endocytosis and they transmit molecular signals in cell-to-cell communication. Abnormal EVs produced in the lesion portion transport pathogenic factors, including miRNAs, proteins, and virions into the CNS. These pathogenic factors participate in cellular pathways to interfere with homeostasis or are themselves pathogens that directly damage CNS. In addition, different or specific pathological molecules in EVs are potential disease markers. We herein reviewed pathways through which the abnormal EVs cross BBB and adverse effects of abnormal exosomes. We also and summarized their existing detection techniques, so as to provide basis for prevention and early diagnosis of secondary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Fan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaqi Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Shen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Yu J, Perri M, Jones JW, Pierzchalski K, Ceaicovscaia N, Cione E, Kane MA. Altered RBP1 Gene Expression Impacts Epithelial Cell Retinoic Acid, Proliferation, and Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:792. [PMID: 35269414 PMCID: PMC8909206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential diet-derived nutrient that has biological activity affected through an active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). Retinol-binding protein type 1 (RBP1) is an intracellular chaperone that binds retinol and retinal with high affinity, protects retinoids from non-specific oxidation, and delivers retinoids to specific enzymes to facilitate biosynthesis of RA. RBP1 expression is reduced in many of the most prevalent cancers, including breast cancer. Here, we sought to understand the relationship between RBP1 expression and atRA biosynthesis in mammary epithelial cells, as well as RBP1 expression and atRA levels in human mammary tissue. We additionally aimed to investigate the impact of RBP1 expression and atRA on the microenvironment as well as the potential for therapeutic restoration of RBP1 expression and endogenous atRA production. Using human mammary ductal carcinoma samples and a series of mammary epithelial cell lines representing different stages of tumorigenesis, we investigated the relationship between RBP1 expression as determined by QPCR and atRA via direct liquid chromatography-multistage-tandem mass spectrometry-based quantification. The functional effect of RBP1 expression and atRA in epithelial cells was investigated via the expression of direct atRA targets using QPCR, proliferation using Ki-67 staining, and collagen deposition via picrosirius red staining. We also investigated the atRA content of stromal cells co-cultured with normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells. Results show that RBP1 and atRA are reduced in mammary tumor tissue and tumorigenic epithelial cell lines. Knock down of RBP1 expression using shRNA or overexpression of RBP1 supported a direct relationship between RBP1 expression with atRA. Increases in cellular atRA were able to activate atRA direct targets, inhibit proliferation and inhibit collagen deposition in epithelial cell lines. Conditions encountered in tumor microenvironments, including low glucose and hypoxia, were able to reduce RBP1 expression and atRA. Treatment with either RARα agonist AM580 or demethylating agent Decitabine were able to increase RBP1 expression and atRA. Cellular content of neighboring fibroblasts correlated with the RA producing capacity of epithelial cells in co-culture. This work establishes a direct relationship between RBP1 expression and atRA, which is maintained when RBP1 expression is restored therapeutically. The results demonstrate diseases with reduced RBP1 could potentially benefit from therapeutics that restore RBP1 expression and endogenous atRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Keely Pierzchalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Natalia Ceaicovscaia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.Y.); (M.P.); (J.W.J.); (K.P.); (N.C.)
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49
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Ramirez-Garrastacho M, Bajo-Santos C, Line A, Martens-Uzunova ES, de la Fuente JM, Moros M, Soekmadji C, Tasken KA, Llorente A. Extracellular vesicles as a source of prostate cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies: a decade of research. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:331-350. [PMID: 34811504 PMCID: PMC8810769 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Urology, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Austlid Tasken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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50
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Perez GI, Broadbent D, Zarea AA, Dolgikh B, Bernard MP, Withrow A, McGill A, Toomajian V, Thampy LK, Harkema J, Walker JR, Kirkland TA, Bachmann MH, Schmidt J, Kanada M. In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Metastasis Using a Bright, Red-Shifted Bioluminescent Reporter Protein. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2100055. [PMID: 36619349 PMCID: PMC9744575 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells produce heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of intercellular communication. This study focuses on a novel method to image EV subtypes and their biodistribution in vivo. A red-shifted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) EV reporter is developed, called PalmReNL, which allows for highly sensitive EV tracking in vitro and in vivo. PalmReNL enables the authors to study the common surface molecules across EV subtypes that determine EV organotropism and their functional differences in cancer progression. Regardless of injection routes, whether retro-orbital or intraperitoneal, PalmReNL positive EVs, isolated from murine mammary carcinoma cells, localized to the lungs. The early appearance of metastatic foci in the lungs of mammary tumor-bearing mice following multiple intraperitoneal injections of the medium and large EV (m/lEV)-enriched fraction derived from mammary carcinoma cells is demonstrated. In addition, the results presented here show that tumor cell-derived m/lEVs act on distant tissues through upregulating LC3 expression within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria I. Perez
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - David Broadbent
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Ahmed A. Zarea
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA
| | - Benedikt Dolgikh
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,College of Natural ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Matthew P. Bernard
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Alicia Withrow
- Center for Advanced MicroscopyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Amelia McGill
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA
| | - Victoria Toomajian
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Lukose K. Thampy
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Jack Harkema
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega Biosciences LLC227 Granada DrSan Luis ObispoCA93401USA
| | | | - Michael H. Bachmann
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan48824USA,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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