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Rosenblatt E, Cook JD, DiRenzo GV, Grant EHC, Arce F, Pepin KM, Rudolph FJ, Runge MC, Shriner S, Walsh DP, Mosher BA. Epidemiological modeling of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) reveals conditions for introduction and widespread transmission. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012263. [PMID: 38995977 PMCID: PMC11268674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases with zoonotic potential often have complex socioecological dynamics and limited ecological data, requiring integration of epidemiological modeling with surveillance. Although our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 has advanced considerably since its detection in late 2019, the factors influencing its introduction and transmission in wildlife hosts, particularly white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), remain poorly understood. We use a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible epidemiological model to investigate the spillover risk and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in wild and captive white-tailed deer populations across various simulated scenarios. We found that captive scenarios pose a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 introduction from humans into deer herds and subsequent transmission among deer, compared to wild herds. However, even in wild herds, the transmission risk is often substantial enough to sustain infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of introduction from humans influences outbreak characteristics only to a certain extent. Transmission among deer was frequently sufficient for widespread outbreaks in deer populations, regardless of the initial level of introduction. We also explore the potential for fence line interactions between captive and wild deer to elevate outbreak metrics in wild herds that have the lowest risk of introduction and sustained transmission. Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 could be introduced and maintained in deer herds across a range of circumstances based on testing a range of introduction and transmission risks in various captive and wild scenarios. Our approach and findings will aid One Health strategies that mitigate persistent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in white-tailed deer populations and potential spillback to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Cook
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Graziella V. DiRenzo
- U. S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Turner’s Falls, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fernando Arce
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kim M. Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - F. Javiera Rudolph
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Runge
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Shriner
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA, APHIS, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- U. S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brittany A. Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Boggiatto PM, Buckley A, Cassmann ED, Seger H, Olsen SC, Palmer MV. Persistence of viral RNA in North American elk experimentally infected with an ancestral strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11171. [PMID: 38750049 PMCID: PMC11096316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have emerged as a reservoir host for SARS-CoV-2 given their susceptibility to infection and demonstrated high rates of seroprevalence and infection across the United States. As SARS-CoV-2 circulates within free-ranging white-tailed deer populations, there is the risk of transmission to other wildlife species and even back to the human population. The goal of this study was to determine the susceptibility, shedding, and immune response of North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) to experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2, to determine if another wide-ranging cervid species could potentially serve as a reservoir host for the virus. Here we demonstrate that while North American elk do not develop clinical signs of disease, they do develop a neutralizing antibody response to infection, suggesting the virus is capable of replicating in this mammalian host. Additionally, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes of infected elk three weeks after experimental infection. Consistent with previous observations in humans, these data may highlight a mechanism of viral persistence for SARS-CoV-2 in elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Buckley
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric D Cassmann
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hannah Seger
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
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3
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Hearst S, Palermo PM, Watts DM, Campbell K, Ivey R, Young C, Yarbrough W, Facundus E, Spears J, Mills S, McNeely KA, Ray P, Burnett GC, Bates GT, Bates JT. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in Mississippi White-Tailed Deer. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38695836 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal populations living in close proximity to humans is crucial for preventing reverse zoonosis of new viral strains. Evidence accumulated has revealed widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection among white-tailed deer (WTD), (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in the United States except in the southeast region. Therefore, the objective was to conduct surveillance for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi. Materials and Methods: Blood, kidney tissues, and nasal swab samples were collected in 17 counties from hunter-harvested deer during 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.Samples of kidney tissue were collected to evaluate for detecting antibody as a possible alternative to blood that is not always available from dead WTD. Nasal swab samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by a RT-PCR assay. Sera and kidney tissue samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and sera by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT80). Results: The results of testing sera and kidney homogenate samples provided the first evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi. The infection rate during 2021-2022 was 67% (10/15) based on the detection of neutralizing antibody by the PRNT80 and 26%(16/62) based on the testing of kidney tissue homogenates by an ELISA, and viral RNA was detected in 25% (3/12) of nasal swab samples. In 2022 to 2023, neutralizing antibody was detected in 62% (28/45) of WTD serum samples. In contrast, antibodies were not detected in 220 kidney homogenates by an ELISA nor was viral RNA detected in 220 nasal swab samples. Evidence of WTD activity was common in urban areas during the survey. Conclusion: Overall, the findings documented the first SARS-CoV-2 infection among WTD in Mississippi and showed that WTD commonly inhabited urban areas as a possible source of acquiring infection from humans infected with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scoty Hearst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pedro M Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kamen Campbell
- Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Deer Program, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ryan Ivey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caleb Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - William Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Edward Facundus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jack Spears
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stephen Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kaitlin A McNeely
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Priya Ray
- Summer Undergraduate Research Experience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Grace C Burnett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - John T Bates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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4
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Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Verasay Caviedes S, Pizarro-Lucero J, Cabello J, Vicencio R, Celis S, Ortiz C, Kemec I, Abuhadba-Mediano N, Asencio R, Vera F, Valencia C, Lagos R, Moreira-Arce D, Salinas F, Ramirez-Toloza G, Muñoz-Quijano R, Neira V, Salgado R, Abalos P, Parra B, Cárdenas-Cáceres S, Muena NA, Tischler ND, Del Pozo I, Aduriz G, Esperon F, Muñoz-Leal S, Aravena P, Alegría-Morán R, Cuadrado-Matías R, Ruiz-Fons F. High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu ( Pudu puda) from Chile. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:526. [PMID: 38396494 PMCID: PMC10886221 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant gap in exposure data for most livestock and zoonotic pathogens is common for several Latin America deer species. This study examined the seroprevalence against 13 pathogens in 164 wild and captive southern pudu from Chile between 2011 and 2023. Livestock and zoonotic pathogen antibodies were detected in 22 of 109 wild pudus (20.18%; 95% CI: 13.34-29.18) and 17 of 55 captive pudus (30.91%; 95% CI: 19.52-44.96), including five Leptospira interrogans serovars (15.38% and 10.71%), Toxoplasma gondii (8.57% and 37.50%), Chlamydia abortus (3.03% and 12.82%), Neospora caninum (0.00% and 9.52%), and Pestivirus (8.00% and 6.67%). Risk factors were detected for Leptospira spp., showing that fawn pudu have statistically significantly higher risk of positivity than adults. In the case of T. gondii, pudu living in "free-range" have a lower risk of being positive for this parasite. In under-human-care pudu, a Pestivirus outbreak is the most strongly suspected as the cause of abortions in a zoo in the past. This study presents the first evidence of Chlamydia abortus in wildlife in South America and exposure to T. gondii, L. interrogans, and N. caninum in wild ungulate species in Chile. High seroprevalence of livestock pathogens such as Pestivirus and Leptospira Hardjo in wild animals suggests a livestock transmission in Chilean template forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián Verasay Caviedes
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile;
| | - Jose Pizarro-Lucero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Javier Cabello
- Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile; (J.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Rocio Vicencio
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
- Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile; (J.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sebastián Celis
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.); (C.O.); (I.K.)
| | - Carolina Ortiz
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.); (C.O.); (I.K.)
| | - Ignacio Kemec
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.); (C.O.); (I.K.)
| | - Nour Abuhadba-Mediano
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Santiago 7580506, Chile;
| | - Ronie Asencio
- Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé-Silvestre, Nal Bajo, Ancud 5710000, Chile; (J.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Frank Vera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Patagonia Campus, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (F.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Carola Valencia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Patagonia Campus, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (F.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Rocio Lagos
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile;
| | - Dario Moreira-Arce
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile;
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Fernanda Salinas
- Fundacion Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile;
- Escuela de Geografia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Galia Ramirez-Toloza
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Raul Muñoz-Quijano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Victor Neira
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Salgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Pedro Abalos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Barbara Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (S.V.C.); (J.P.-L.); (R.V.); (G.R.-T.); (R.M.-Q.); (V.N.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Simone Cárdenas-Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. del Valle Nte. 725, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580704, Chile; (S.C.-C.); (N.A.M.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Nicolás A. Muena
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. del Valle Nte. 725, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580704, Chile; (S.C.-C.); (N.A.M.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. del Valle Nte. 725, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580704, Chile; (S.C.-C.); (N.A.M.); (N.D.T.)
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Itziar Del Pozo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, 48160 Derio, Spain; (I.D.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Gorka Aduriz
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, 48160 Derio, Spain; (I.D.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Fernando Esperon
- Veterinary Department, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile; (S.M.-L.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile; (S.M.-L.); (P.A.)
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito Libertador 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Raul Cuadrado-Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.C.-M.)
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.C.-M.)
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Khalil AM, Martinez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1232772. [PMID: 38249300 PMCID: PMC10796657 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1232772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused by the members of two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) and Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). These viruses acquired some adaptive changes in a known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown intermediate host (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory birds or bats, respectively). Verily, these acquired adaptive substitutions facilitated crossing species barriers by these viruses to infect humans in a phenomenon that is known as zoonosis. Besides, these adaptive substitutions aided the variant strain to transmit horizontally to other contact non-human animal species including pets and wild animals (zooanthroponosis). Herein we discuss the main zoonotic and reverse-zoonosis events that occurred during the last two pandemics of influenza A/H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight the impact of interspecies transmission of these pandemic viruses on virus evolution and possible prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Based on information available and presented in this review article, it is important to close monitoring viral zoonosis and viral reverse zoonosis of pandemic strains within a One-Health and One-World approach to mitigate their unforeseen risks, such as virus evolution and resistance to limited prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Ermonval M, Morand S. Viral Zoonoses: Interactions and Factors Driving Virus Transmission. Viruses 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 38275944 PMCID: PMC10818682 DOI: 10.3390/v16010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The beginning of the 21st century was marked by an increase in the number of emerging/reemerging infectious diseases detected worldwide and by the challenging COVID-19 pandemic [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ermonval
- Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Serge Morand
- IRL2021 HealthDEEP (Health, Disease Ecology, Environment and Policy), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)–Kasetsart University–Mahidol University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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7
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Miller MR, Braun E, Ip HS, Tyson GH. Domestic and wild animal samples and diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-11. [PMID: 37779468 PMCID: PMC10614713 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2263864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first cases in 2019, COVID-19 infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have resulted in over 6 million human deaths in a worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is commonly spread from human to human through close contact and is capable of infecting both humans and animals. Worldwide, there have been over 675 animal outbreaks reported that resulted in over 2000 animal infections including domestic and wild animals. As the role of animal infections in the transmission, pathogenesis, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is still unfolding, accurate and reliable animal diagnostic tests are critical to aid in managing both human and animal health. This review highlights key animal samples and the three main diagnostic approaches used for animal testing: PCR, serology, and Next Generation Sequencing. Diagnostic results help inform (often difficult) clinical decision-making, but also possible ways to mitigate spread among pets, food supplies, or wildlife. A One Health approach has been key to monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as consistent human-animal interactions can lead to novel variants. Having multiple animal diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 available is critical to ensure human, animal, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Miller
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Elias Braun
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hon S. Ip
- National Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory H. Tyson
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
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8
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Kotwa JD, Lobb B, Massé A, Gagnier M, Aftanas P, Banerjee A, Banete A, Blais-Savoie J, Bowman J, Buchanan T, Chee HY, Kruczkiewicz P, Nirmalarajah K, Soos C, Vernygora O, Yip L, Lindsay LR, McGeer AJ, Maguire F, Lung O, Doxey AC, Pickering B, Mubareka S. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of delta SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). iScience 2023; 26:108319. [PMID: 38026171 PMCID: PMC10665813 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White-tailed deer (WTD) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and represent an important species for surveillance. Samples from WTD (n = 258) collected in November 2021 from Québec, Canada were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We employed viral genomics and host transcriptomics to further characterize infection and investigate host response. We detected Delta SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617.2) in WTD from the Estrie region; sequences clustered with human sequences from October 2021 from Vermont, USA, which borders this region. Mutations in the S-gene and a deletion in ORF8 were detected. Host expression patterns in SARS-CoV-2 infected WTD were associated with the innate immune response, including signaling pathways related to anti-viral, pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, and host damage. We found limited correlation between genes associated with innate immune response from human and WTD nasal samples, suggesting differences in responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings provide preliminary insights into host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in naturally infected WTD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ariane Massé
- Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec City, QC G1S 4X4, Canada
| | - Marianne Gagnier
- Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec City, QC G1S 4X4, Canada
| | | | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andra Banete
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Jeff Bowman
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada
| | - Tore Buchanan
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada
| | - Hsien-Yao Chee
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Global Health Research Center and Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
| | - Peter Kruczkiewicz
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Soos
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Oksana Vernygora
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - L. Robbin Lindsay
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - Allison J. McGeer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Andrew C. Doxey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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9
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Earnest R, Hahn AM, Feriancek NM, Brandt M, Filler RB, Zhao Z, Breban MI, Vogels CBF, Chen NFG, Koch RT, Porzucek AJ, Sodeinde A, Garbiel A, Keanna C, Litwak H, Stuber HR, Cantoni JL, Pitzer VE, Olarte Castillo XA, Goodman LB, Wilen CB, Linske MA, Williams SC, Grubaugh ND. Survey of white-footed mice in Connecticut, USA reveals low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection with divergent betacoronaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.559030. [PMID: 37808797 PMCID: PMC10557615 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Diverse mammalian species display susceptibility to and infection with SARS-CoV-2. Potential SARS-CoV-2 spillback into rodents is understudied despite their host role for numerous zoonoses and human proximity. We assessed exposure and infection among white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in Connecticut, USA. We observed 1% (6/540) wild-type neutralizing antibody seroprevalence among 2020-2022 residential mice with no cross-neutralization of variants. We detected no SARS-CoV-2 infections via RT-qPCR, but identified non-SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus infections via pan-coronavirus PCR among 1% (5/468) of residential mice. Sequencing revealed two divergent betacoronaviruses, preliminarily named Peromyscus coronavirus-1 and -2. Both belong to the Betacoronavirus 1 species and are ~90% identical to the closest known relative, Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. Low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence suggests white-footed mice may not be sufficiently susceptible or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 to present a long-term human health risk. However, the discovery of divergent, non-SARS-CoV-2 betacoronaviruses expands the diversity of known rodent coronaviruses and further investigation is required to understand their transmission extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Earnest
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anne M Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nicole M Feriancek
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matthew Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mallery I Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nicholas F G Chen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robert T Koch
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Abbey J Porzucek
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Afeez Sodeinde
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alexa Garbiel
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Claire Keanna
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hannah Litwak
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Heidi R Stuber
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jamie L Cantoni
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ximena A Olarte Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan A Linske
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Scott C Williams
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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10
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Despres HW, Mills MG, Schmidt MM, Gov J, Perez Y, Jindrich M, Crawford AML, Kohl WT, Rosenblatt E, Kubinski HC, Simmons BC, Nippes MC, Goldenberg AJ, Murtha KE, Nicoloro S, Harris MJ, Feeley AC, Gelinas TK, Cronin MK, Frederick RS, Thomas M, Johnson ME, Murphy J, Lenzini EB, Carr PA, Berger DH, Mehta SP, Floreani CJ, Koval AC, Young AL, Fish JH, Wallace J, Chaney E, Ushay G, Ross RS, Vostal EM, Thisner MC, Gonet KE, Deane OC, Pelletiere KR, Rockafeller VC, Waterman M, Barry TW, Goering CC, Shipman SD, Shiers AC, Reilly CE, Duff AM, Madruga SL, Shirley DJ, Jerome KR, Pérez-Osorio AC, Greninger AL, Fortin N, Mosher BA, Bruce EA. Surveillance of Vermont wildlife in 2021-2022 reveals no detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14683. [PMID: 37674004 PMCID: PMC10482933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 in various domestic and wild animals. More recently, studies have been published noting the susceptibility of members of the Cervidae family, and infections in both wild and captive cervid populations. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in mammalian wildlife within the state of Vermont. 739 nasal or throat samples were collected from wildlife throughout the state during the 2021 and 2022 harvest season. Data was collected from red and gray foxes (Vulpes vulples and Urocyon cineroargentus, respectively), fishers (Martes pennati), river otters (Lutra canadensis), coyotes (Canis lantrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus rufus), black bears (Ursus americanus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 via quantitative RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set and/or the WHO-E gene primer set. Surprisingly, we initially detected a number of N1 and/or N2 positive samples with high cycle threshold values, though after conducting environmental swabbing of the laboratory and verifying with a second independent primer set (WHO-E) and PCR without reverse transcriptase, we showed that these were false positives due to plasmid contamination from a construct expressing the N gene in the general laboratory environment. Our final results indicate that no sampled wildlife were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and highlight the importance of physically separate locations for the processing of samples for surveillance and experiments that require the use of plasmid DNA containing the target RNA sequence. These negative findings are surprising, given that most published North America studies have found SARS-CoV-2 within their deer populations. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in populations sampled here may provide insights in to the various environmental and anthropogenic factors that reduce spillover and spread in North American's wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W Despres
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Margaret G Mills
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Madaline M Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jolene Gov
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yael Perez
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mars Jindrich
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Allison M L Crawford
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Warren T Kohl
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hannah C Kubinski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Benjamin C Simmons
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Miles C Nippes
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Anne J Goldenberg
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kristina E Murtha
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Samantha Nicoloro
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mia J Harris
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Avery C Feeley
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Taylor K Gelinas
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Maeve K Cronin
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Robert S Frederick
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Meaghan E Johnson
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - James Murphy
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Elle B Lenzini
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Peter A Carr
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Danielle H Berger
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Soham P Mehta
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Christopher J Floreani
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Amelia C Koval
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Aleah L Young
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jess H Fish
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jack Wallace
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Ella Chaney
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Grace Ushay
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rebecca S Ross
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Erin M Vostal
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Maya C Thisner
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kyliegh E Gonet
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Owen C Deane
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kari R Pelletiere
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vegas C Rockafeller
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Madeline Waterman
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Tyler W Barry
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Catriona C Goering
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sarah D Shipman
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Allie C Shiers
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Claire E Reilly
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Alanna M Duff
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sarah L Madruga
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, Wildlife Society Chapter, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - David J Shirley
- Department of Engineering, Faraday, Inc., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ailyn C Pérez-Osorio
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nick Fortin
- Fish and Wildlife Department, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Rutland, VT, 05701, USA
| | - Brittany A Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Emily A Bruce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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11
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McBride DS, Garushyants SK, Franks J, Magee AF, Overend SH, Huey D, Williams AM, Faith SA, Kandeil A, Trifkovic S, Miller L, Jeevan T, Patel A, Nolting JM, Tonkovich MJ, Genders JT, Montoney AJ, Kasnyik K, Linder TJ, Bevins SN, Lenoch JB, Chandler JC, DeLiberto TJ, Koonin EV, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Webby RJ, Nelson MI, Bowman AS. Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5105. [PMID: 37640694 PMCID: PMC10462754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic virus highlights the need to fill the vast gaps in our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution in non-human hosts. Here, we detected that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times in Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2-8 months, disseminating across hundreds of kilometers. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how SARS-CoV-2 evolution is not only three-times faster in white-tailed deer compared to the rate observed in humans but also driven by different mutational biases and selection pressures. The long-term effect of this accelerated evolutionary rate remains to be seen as no critical phenotypic changes were observed in our animal models using white-tailed deer origin viruses. Still, SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted in white-tailed deer populations for a relatively short duration, and the risk of future changes may have serious consequences for humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon S McBride
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sofya K Garushyants
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew F Magee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Overend
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devra Huey
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda M Williams
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth A Faith
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lance Miller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline M Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - J Tyler Genders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Montoney
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Kasnyik
- Columbus and Franklin County Metro Parks, Westerville, OH, USA
| | - Timothy J Linder
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Julianna B Lenoch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Chandler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Wildlife Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J DeLiberto
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Martha I Nelson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Ehrlich M, Madden C, McBride DS, Nolting JM, Huey D, Kenney S, Wang Q, Saif LJ, Vlasova A, Dennis P, Lombardi D, Gibson S, McLaine A, Lauterbach S, Yaxley P, Winston JA, Diaz-Campos D, Pesapane R, Flint M, Flint J, Junge R, Faith SA, Bowman AS, Hale VL. Lack of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Detection among a Convenience Sampling of Ohio Wildlife, Companion, and Agricultural Animals, 2020-2021. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2554. [PMID: 37627345 PMCID: PMC10451347 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in humans in late 2019 and spread rapidly, becoming a global pandemic. A zoonotic spillover event from animal to human was identified as the presumed origin. Subsequently, reports began emerging regarding spillback events resulting in SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species. These events highlighted critical links between animal and human health while also raising concerns about the development of new reservoir hosts and potential viral mutations that could alter the virulence and transmission or evade immune responses. Characterizing susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission between animal species became a priority to help protect animal and human health. In this study, we coalesced a large team of investigators and community partners to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and free-ranging animals around Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021. We focused on species with known or predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, highly congregated or medically compromised animals (e.g., shelters, barns, veterinary hospitals), and animals that had frequent contact with humans (e.g., pets, agricultural animals, zoo animals, or animals in wildlife hospitals). This included free-ranging deer (n = 76 individuals), free-ranging mink (n = 57), multiple species of bats (n = 59), and other wildlife in addition to domestic cats (n = 275) and pigs (n = 184). In total, we tested 792 individual animals (34 species) via rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was not detected in any of the tested animals despite a major peak in human SARS-CoV-2 cases that occurred in Ohio subsequent to the peak of animal samplings. Importantly, we did not test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study, which limited our ability to assess exposure. While the results of this study were negative, the surveillance effort was critical and remains key to understanding, predicting, and preventing the re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Ehrlich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Madden
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Dillon S. McBride
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Nolting
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Devra Huey
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Scott Kenney
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anastasia Vlasova
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Patricia Dennis
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Cleveland Metroparks, Cleveland, OH 44144, USA
| | | | | | - Alexis McLaine
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Lauterbach
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Page Yaxley
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dubraska Diaz-Campos
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Risa Pesapane
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark Flint
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Jaylene Flint
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Randy Junge
- Columbus Zoo & Aquarium, Powell, OH 43065, USA
| | - Seth A. Faith
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew S. Bowman
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Vanessa L. Hale
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Despres HW, Mills MG, Schmidt MM, Gov J, Perez Y, Jindrich M, Crawford AML, Kohl WT, Rosenblatt E, Kubinski HC, Simmons BC, Nippes MC, Goldenberg AJ, Murtha KE, Nicoloro S, Harris MJ, Feeley AC, Gelinas TK, Cronin MK, Frederick RS, Thomas M, Johnson ME, Murphy J, Lenzini EB, Carr PA, Berger DH, Mehta SP, Floreani CJ, Koval AC, Young AL, Fish JH, Wallace J, Chaney E, Ushay G, Ross RS, Vostal EM, Thisner MC, Gonet KE, Deane OC, Pelletiere KR, Rockafeller VC, Waterman M, Barry TW, Goering CC, Shipman SD, Shiers AC, Reilly CE, Duff AM, Shirley DJ, Jerome KR, Pérez-Osorio AC, Greninger AL, Fortin N, Mosher BA, Bruce EA. Surveillance of Vermont wildlife in 2021-2022 reveals no detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538264. [PMID: 37162835 PMCID: PMC10168257 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 in various domestic and wild animals. More recently, studies have been published noting the susceptibility of members of the Cervidae family, and infections in both wild and captive cervid populations. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in mammalian wildlife within the state of Vermont. 739 nasal or throat samples were collected from wildlife throughout the state during the 2021 and 2022 harvest season. Data was collected from red and gray foxes ( Vulpes vulples and Urocyon cineroargentus , respectively), fishers ( Martes pennati ), river otters ( Lutra canadensis ), coyotes ( Canis lantrans ), bobcats ( Lynx rufus rufus ), black bears ( Ursus americanus ), and white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ). Samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 via quantitative RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set and/or the WHO-E gene primer set. Our results indicate that no sampled wildlife were positive for SARS-CoV-2. This finding is surprising, given that most published North America studies have found SARS-CoV-2 within their deer populations. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in populations sampled here may provide insights in to the various environmental and anthropogenic factors that reduce spillover and spread in North American's wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W. Despres
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT, 05405, USA
| | - Margaret G. Mills
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Madaline M. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jolene Gov
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Yael Perez
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Mars Jindrich
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Allison M. L. Crawford
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Warren T. Kohl
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hannah C. Kubinski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT, 05405, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Simmons
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Miles C. Nippes
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Anne J. Goldenberg
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Kristina E. Murtha
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Samantha Nicoloro
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Mia J. Harris
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Avery C. Feeley
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Taylor K. Gelinas
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Maeve K. Cronin
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Robert S. Frederick
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Meaghan E. Johnson
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - James Murphy
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Elle B. Lenzini
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Peter A. Carr
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Danielle H. Berger
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Soham P. Mehta
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | | | - Amelia C. Koval
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Aleah L. Young
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Jess H. Fish
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Jack Wallace
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Ella Chaney
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Grace Ushay
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Rebecca S. Ross
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Erin M. Vostal
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Maya C. Thisner
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Kyliegh E. Gonet
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Owen C. Deane
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Kari R. Pelletiere
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | | | - Madeline Waterman
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Tyler W. Barry
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Catriona C. Goering
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Sarah D. Shipman
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Allie C. Shiers
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Claire E. Reilly
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | - Alanna M. Duff
- Wildlife and Fisheries Society, University of Vermont, Wildlife Society Chapter
| | | | - Keith R. Jerome
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Ailyn C. Pérez-Osorio
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Fortin
- Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Fish & Wildlife Department, Rutland, VT 05701
| | - Brittany A. Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT, 05405, USA
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14
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Dunowska M. Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in animals: a review for the veterinary practitioner. N Z Vet J 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36927253 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2191349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn 2019 a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from an unidentified source and spread rapidly among humans worldwide. While many human infections are mild, some result in severe clinical disease that in a small proportion of infected people is fatal. The pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been facilitated by efficient human-to-human transmission of the virus, with no data to indicate that animals contributed to this global health crisis. However, a range of domesticated and wild animals are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection under both experimental and natural conditions. Humans are presumed to be the source of most animal infections thus far, although natural transmission between mink and between free-ranging deer has occurred, and occasional natural transmission between cats cannot be fully excluded. Considering the ongoing circulation of the virus among people, together with its capacity to evolve through mutation and recombination, the risk of the emergence of animal-adapted variants is not negligible. If such variants remain infectious to humans, this could lead to the establishment of an animal reservoir for the virus, which would complicate control efforts. As such, minimising human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should be considered as part of infection control efforts. The aim of this review is to summarise what is currently known about the species specificity of animal coronaviruses, with an emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, in the broader context of factors that facilitate cross-species transmission of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunowska
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Lopes LR. Cervids ACE2 Residues that Bind the Spike Protein can Provide Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:9-17. [PMID: 37106170 PMCID: PMC10139662 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted cervids as coronavirus reservoirs. This study aimed to evaluate the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) residues which bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from 16 cervids to predict their potential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eleven out of 16 species presented identical ACE2 key residues to WTD ACE2. Four cervids presented K31N, a variant associated with low SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Large herding of cervids with ACE2 key residues identical to that of the WTD can result in extensive reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2. Cervids as potential reservoirs could favor SARS-CoV-2 adaptation and the emergence of new coronavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
- Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu 862 - Prédio Leal Prado (térreo), São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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16
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McBride D, Garushyants S, Franks J, Magee A, Overend S, Huey D, Williams A, Faith S, Kandeil A, Trifkovic S, Miller L, Jeevan T, Patel A, Nolting J, Tonkovich M, Genders JT, Montoney A, Kasnyik K, Linder T, Bevins S, Lenoch J, Chandler J, DeLiberto T, Koonin E, Suchard M, Lemey P, Webby R, Nelson M, Bowman A. Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2574993. [PMID: 36824718 PMCID: PMC9949239 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2574993/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
While SARS-CoV-2 has sporadically infected a wide range of animal species worldwide1, the virus has been repeatedly and frequently detected in white-tailed deer in North America2â€"7. The zoonotic origins of this pandemic virus highlight the need to fill the vast gaps in our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution in non-human hosts. Here, we detected SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times in Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2-8 months, which disseminated across hundreds of kilometers. We discovered that alpha and delta variants evolved in white-tailed deer at three-times the rate observed in humans. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how SARS-CoV-2 evolution is not only faster in white-tailed deer but driven by different mutational biases and selection pressures. White-tailed deer are not just short-term recipients of human viral diversity but serve as reservoirs for alpha and other variants to evolve in new directions after going extinct in humans. The long-term effect of this accelerated evolutionary rate remains to be seen as no critical phenotypic changes were observed in our animal model experiments using viruses isolated from white-tailed deer. Still, SARS-CoV-2 viruses have transmitted in white-tailed deer populations for a relatively short duration, and the risk of future changes may have serious consequences for humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon McBride
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sofya Garushyants
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Magee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Overend
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devra Huey
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Williams
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth Faith
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lance Miller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Tonkovich
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Athens, OH, USA
| | - J Tyler Genders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Linder
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Bevins
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Julianna Lenoch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chandler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Wildlife Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas DeLiberto
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Koonin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Suchard
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Martha Nelson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Porter AF, Purcell DFJ, Howden BP, Duchene S. Evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 increases during zoonotic infection of farmed mink. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead002. [PMID: 36751428 PMCID: PMC9896948 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate genetic signatures of adaptation to the mink host, we characterised the evolutionary rate heterogeneity in mink-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2). In 2020, the first detected anthropozoonotic spillover event of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in mink farms throughout Europe and North America. Both spill-back of mink-associated lineages into the human population and the spread into the surrounding wildlife were reported, highlighting the potential formation of a zoonotic reservoir. Our findings suggest that the evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 underwent an episodic increase upon introduction into the mink host before returning to the normal range observed in humans. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 lineages could have circulated in the mink population for a month before detection, and during this period, evolutionary rate estimates were between 3 × 10-3 and 1.05 × 10-2 (95 per cent HPD, with a mean rate of 6.59 × 10-3) a four- to thirteen-fold increase compared to that in humans. As there is evidence for unique mutational patterns within mink-associated lineages, we explored the emergence of four mink-specific Spike protein amino acid substitutions Y453F, S1147L, F486L, and Q314K. We found that mutation Y453F emerged early in multiple mink outbreaks and that mutations F486L and Q314K may co-occur. We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes a brief, but considerable, increase in evolutionary rate in response to greater selective pressures during species jumps, which may lead to the occurrence of mink-specific mutations. These findings emphasise the necessity of ongoing surveillance of zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian Duchene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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18
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Liew AY, Carpenter A, Moore TA, Wallace RM, Hamer SA, Hamer GL, Fischer RSB, Zecca IB, Davila E, Auckland LD, Rooney JA, Killian ML, Tell RM, Rekant SI, Burrell SD, Ghai RR, Behravesh CB. Clinical and epidemiologic features of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats compiled through national surveillance in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:480-489. [PMID: 36595371 PMCID: PMC10038921 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical and epidemiologic features of SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals detected through both passive and active surveillance in the US. ANIMALS 204 companion animals (109 cats, 95 dogs) across 33 states with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections between March 2020 and December 2021. PROCEDURES Public health officials, animal health officials, and academic researchers investigating zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 transmission events reported clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic information through a standardized One Health surveillance process developed by the CDC and partners. RESULTS Among dogs and cats identified through passive surveillance, 94% (n = 87) had reported exposure to a person with COVID-19 before infection. Clinical signs of illness were present in 74% of pets identified through passive surveillance and 27% of pets identified through active surveillance. Duration of illness in pets averaged 15 days in cats and 12 days in dogs. The average time between human and pet onset of illness was 10 days. Viral nucleic acid was first detected at 3 days after exposure in both cats and dogs. Antibodies were detected starting 5 days after exposure, and titers were highest at 9 days in cats and 14 days in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study supported that cats and dogs primarily become infected with SARS-CoV-2 following exposure to a person with COVID-19, most often their owners. Case investigation and surveillance that include both people and animals are necessary to understand transmission dynamics and viral evolution of zoonotic diseases like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah A Hamer
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- 3Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Italo B Zecca
- 1CDC, Atlanta, GA
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Edward Davila
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lisa D Auckland
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Mary Lea Killian
- 6National Veterinary Services Laboratories, APHIS, USDA, Ames, IA
| | - Rachel M Tell
- 6National Veterinary Services Laboratories, APHIS, USDA, Ames, IA
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19
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Barua S, Newbolt CH, Ditchkoff SS, Johnson C, Zohdy S, Smith R, Wang C. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in a captive white-tailed deer population in Alabama, USA. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1707-1710. [PMID: 35707965 PMCID: PMC9246038 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chad H Newbolt
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen S Ditchkoff
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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20
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Marques AD, Sherrill-Mix S, Everett JK, Adhikari H, Reddy S, Ellis JC, Zeliff H, Greening SS, Cannuscio CC, Strelau KM, Collman RG, Kelly BJ, Rodino KG, Bushman FD, Gagne RB, Anis E. Multiple Introductions of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta Variants into White-Tailed Deer in Pennsylvania. mBio 2022; 13:e0210122. [PMID: 36000731 PMCID: PMC9600874 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02101-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began by viral spillover from animals to humans; today multiple animal species are known to be susceptible to infection. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, are infected in North America at substantial levels, and genomic data suggests that a variant in deer may have spilled back to humans. Here, we characterize SARS-CoV-2 in deer from Pennsylvania (PA) sampled during fall and winter 2021. Of 123 nasal swab samples analyzed by RT-qPCR, 20 (16.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Seven whole genome sequences were obtained, together with six more partial spike gene sequences. These annotated as alpha and delta variants, the first reported observations of these lineages in deer, documenting multiple new jumps from humans to deer. The alpha lineage persisted in deer after its displacement by delta in humans, and deer-derived alpha variants diverged significantly from those in humans, consistent with a distinctive evolutionary trajectory in deer. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses have been documented to replicate in numerous species of vertebrates, and multiple spillovers of coronaviruses from animals into humans have founded human epidemics. The COVID-19 epidemic likely derived from a spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from bats into humans, possibly via an intermediate host. There are now several examples of SARS-CoV-2 jumping from humans into other mammals, including mink and deer, creating the potential for new animal reservoirs from which spillback into humans could occur. For this reason, data on formation of new animal reservoirs is of great importance for understanding possible sources of future infection. Here, we identify extensive infection in white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania, including what appear to be multiple independent transmissions. Data further suggests possible transmission among deer. These data thus help identify a potential new animal reservoir and provide background information relevant to its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John K. Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hriju Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shantan Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie C. Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haley Zeliff
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabrina S. Greening
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carolyn C. Cannuscio
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine M. Strelau
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan J. Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine & Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle G. Rodino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roderick B. Gagne
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eman Anis
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Krupińska M, Borkowski J, Goll A, Nowicka J, Baranowicz K, Bourret V, Strandin T, Mäki S, Kant R, Sironen T, Grzybek M. Wild Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) Do Not Play a Role as Vectors or Reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 in North-Eastern Poland. Viruses 2022; 14:2290. [PMID: 36298844 PMCID: PMC9610727 DOI: 10.3390/v14102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among white-tailed deer in North America. Monitoring cervids in all regions to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and circulation in other deer populations has been urged. To evaluate deer exposure and/or infection to/by SARS-CoV-2 in Poland, we sampled 90 red deer shot by hunters in five hunting districts in north-eastern Poland. Serum and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and then an immunofluorescent assay (IFA) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed as well as real-time PCR with reverse transcription for direct virus detection. No positive samples were detected. There is no evidence of spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from the human to deer population in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Krupińska
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Borkowski
- Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksander Goll
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowicka
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Karolina Baranowicz
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Vincent Bourret
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- INRAE-Université de Toulouse UR 0035 CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Mäki
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
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22
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Hamer SA, Nunez C, Roundy CM, Tang W, Thomas L, Richison J, Benn JS, Auckland LD, Hensley T, Cook WE, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Hamer GL. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies longer than 13 months in naturally-infected, captive white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), Texas. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2112-2115. [PMID: 35950943 PMCID: PMC9448430 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After identifying a captive herd of white-tailed deer in central Texas with >94% seroprevalence with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in September 2021, we worked retrospectively through archived serum samples of 21 deer and detected seroconversion of all animals between December 2020 and January 2021. We then collected prospective samples to conclude that the duration of persistence of neutralizing antibodies is at least 13 months for 19 (90.5%) of the animals, with two animals converting to seronegative after six and eight months. Antibody titres generally waned over this time frame, but three deer had a temporary 4- to 8-fold increases in plaque reduction neutralization test titres over a month after seroconversion; anamnestic response cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chase Nunez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Wendy Tang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Logan Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jack Richison
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jamie S Benn
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa D Auckland
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Terry Hensley
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Walter E Cook
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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23
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Dacso MM, Bente DA, Weaver SC, Kobinger GP, Melby PC, McLellan SL, Keiser PH, Hamer SA, Hamer GL, Parker GW, Douphrate DI, Rodriguez A, Goodman ML, XIII A, Gray GC. Texas professionals are employing a one health approach to protect the United States against biosecurity threats. One Health 2022; 15:100431. [PMID: 36277085 PMCID: PMC9582559 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Texas is a geographically large state with large human and livestock populations, many farms, a long coastal region, and extreme fluctuations in weather. During the last 15 years, the state of Texas has frequently suffered disasters or catastrophes causing extensive morbidity and economic loss. These disasters often have complicated consequences requiring multi-faceted responses. Recently, an interdisciplinary network of professionals from multiple academic institutions has emerged to collaborate in protecting Texas and the USA using a One Health approach. These experts are training the next generation of scientists in biopreparedness; increasing understanding of pathogens that cause repetitive harm; developing new therapeutics and vaccines against them; and developing novel surveillance approaches so that emerging pathogens will be detected early and thwarted before they can cause disastrous human and economic losses. These academic One Health partnerships strengthen our ability to protect human and animal health against future catastrophes that may impact the diverse ecoregions of Texas and the world. Texas has suffered from numerous disasters or catastrophes, often more than other US states. These disasters have caused tremendous morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. Texas professionals are partnering in One Health ways to mitigate such catastrophes. These numerous collaborations are important to Texas, the USA, and abroad.
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24
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Carpenter A, Waltenburg MA, Hall A, Kile J, Killerby M, Knust B, Negron M, Nichols M, Wallace RM, Behravesh CB, McQuiston JH. Vaccine Preventable Zoonotic Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Health Progress. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10070993. [PMID: 35891157 PMCID: PMC9319643 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases represent a heavy global burden, causing important economic losses, impacting animal health and production, and costing millions of human lives. The vaccination of animals and humans to prevent inter-species zoonotic disease transmission is an important intervention. However, efforts to develop and implement vaccine interventions to reduce zoonotic disease impacts are often limited to the veterinary and agricultural sectors and do not reflect the shared burden of disease. Multisectoral collaboration, including co-development opportunities for human and animal vaccines, expanding vaccine use to include animal reservoirs such as wildlife, and strategically using vaccines to interrupt complex transmission cycles is needed. Addressing zoonoses requires a multi-faceted One Health approach, wherein vaccinating people and animals plays a critical role.
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