1
|
Li W, Zhang H, Ren A, Fan W, Qin Q, Zhao L, Ma R, Peng Q, Luo S. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with lower risk of hepatitis B virus infection: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study in East Asian population. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29226. [PMID: 37997467 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unclear. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies for SLE and HBV infection in individuals of East Asian ancestry. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM) method, and MR-Egger method were used to estimate the causal effect of SLE on HBV infection. Additionally, we performed a multivariable MR analysis adjusting for the effects of body mass index and rheumatoid arthritis. This MR study included a total of 225 106 individuals of East Asian ancestry, comprising 5616 cases and 219 490 controls. The IVW method (OR: 0.79, p = 3.34E-08) and the WM method (OR: 0.79, p = 9.09E-06) revealed a causal relationship between genetically predicted SLE and a low risk of HBV infection. The multivariable MR analysis still suggested a low risk of HBV infection associated with SLE (OR: 0.83, p = 2.89E-06). Our MR analysis supports a causal relationship between SLE and a low risk of HBV infection in individuals of East Asian ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Sixth People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiufeng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqiao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication, prospects, and perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930278. [PMID: 35990673 PMCID: PMC9386151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that severely affects patients' physical and mental health, leading to chronic synovitis and destruction of bone joints. Although various available clinical treatment options exist, patients respond with varying efficacies due to multiple factors, and there is an urgent need to discover new treatment options to improve clinical outcomes. Cuproptosis is a newly characterized form of cell death. Copper causes cuproptosis by binding to lipid-acylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to protein aggregation, loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, and eventually proteotoxic stress. Targeting copper cytotoxicity and cuproptosis are considered potential options for treating oncological diseases. The synovial hypoxic environment and the presence of excessive glycolysis in multiple cells appear to act as inhibitors of cuproptosis, which can lead to excessive survival and proliferation of multiple immune cells, such as fibroblast-like synoviocytes, effector T cells, and macrophages, further mediating inflammation and bone destruction in RA. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to elaborate and summarize the linkage of cuproptosis and key genes regulating cuproptosis to the pathological mechanisms of RA and their effects on a variety of immune cells. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis and support for translating preclinical and experimental results of RA to clinical protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lavaee F, Ranjbar Z, Jalalian M, Amiri MA. Comparison of the sex hormones' serum level in women with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:551. [PMID: 34706694 PMCID: PMC8549300 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sex hormonal serum level in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and compare them with healthy participants.
Methods This cross-sectional study was done on patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis who had referred to Shiraz Dental Faculty, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department during 2018–2019. The non -menopause women with recurrence of at least 3 lesions per year were enrolled in this study. The mean serum level of FSH, LH, PRL (prolactin), testosterone, DHT (Dihydrotestosterone), DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), estradiol and progesterone of 30 participants in each group of case and control were measured and compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and independent T-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s test. Results The mean serum level of DHEA-S in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was significantly lower than the control group (p value = 0.02). In addition to DHEA-S, the mean serum level of testosterone was lower in the evaluation group although this difference was not significant (p value = 0.057). Considering the effect of age on the mean serum level of sex hormones, our results revealed that only DHEA-S mean serum level was decreased by increasing the age of participants in patients with RAS (p value = 0.018). The number of participants with abnormal range of testosterone (p value < 0.0001) and progesterone (p value = 0.037) serum level was significantly more in patients with RAS. The frequency of RAS in a year did not show a significant relationship with the serum level of the evaluated hormones. Conclusion The patients with RAS had a lower serum level of DHEA-S. The mean serum level of testosterone and progesterone was significantly abnormal in RAS patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01812-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasr-dasht Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ranjbar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasr-dasht Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mina Jalalian
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Correlation of age and sex with urine dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level in healthy Thai volunteers. Pract Lab Med 2021; 24:e00204. [PMID: 33553553 PMCID: PMC7848761 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs), a prohormone secreted by the adrenal gland, plays a role in the synthesis of sex hormones, namely, androgen and estrogen. It has been found that the amount of DHEAs is correlated with age, although most studies have focused on the correlation of serum DHEAs levels with age and sex. Thus, this noninvasive, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation of urine DHEAs levels with age and sex in healthy Thai volunteers aged 20–80 years. Methods DHEAs levels were measured in 178 healthy volunteers using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and then normalized by creatinine. Multiple regression was performed to determine the correlation of urine DHEAs levels normalized by creatinine with age and sex. Results The normalized DHEAs levels are correlated with age group for both sexes. Moreover, an increasing trend in DHEAs levels was found in the age group 20–29 years, and the DHEAs level peaked at the age group 30–39 years before declining with advancing age. Based on the multiple regression analyses, the significance of the interaction term (P < 0.05) indicates that both age and sex significantly contribute to the prediction of ln (DHEAs/Creatinine). Our fitted model implies the following: as age increases by 1 year, DHEAs/Creatinine is expected to decrease by 3.63% in females and by 2.18% in males. Conclusion This study reports more data on clinical reference value of urine DHEAs levels in healthy volunteers. Our result demonstrates urine DHEAs levels are associated with age and sex and decline by 2–3% a year. There is no data on the correlation of urine DHEAs with age and sex in a wide age range. First report of urine DHEAs levels in healthy Thai volunteers aged 20–80 years. The fitted model is proposed to determine the correlation of urine DHEAs levels normalized by creatinine with age and sex.
Collapse
|
5
|
Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Genes Immun 2020; 21:150-168. [PMID: 32203088 PMCID: PMC7276297 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid synthesis is a complex, multistep process that starts with cholesterol being delivered to the inner membrane of mitochondria by StAR and StAR-related proteins. Here its side chain is cleaved by CYP11A1 producing pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is converted to cortisol by the enzymes 3-βHSD, CYP17A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system and exert their action through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Although corticosteroids are primarily produced in the adrenal gland, they can also be produced in a number of extra-adrenal tissue including the immune system, skin, brain, and intestine. Glucocorticoid production is regulated by ACTH, CRH, and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα. The bioavailability of cortisol is also dependent on its interconversion to cortisone which is inactive, by 11βHSD1/2. Local and systemic glucocorticoid biosynthesis can be stimulated by ultraviolet B, explaining its immunosuppressive activity. In this review, we want to emphasize that dysregulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid production can play a key role in a variety of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and skin inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Further research on local glucocorticoid production and its bioavailability may open doors into new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Tian Q, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Cao W, Zhang J, Anto EO, Li X, Wang X, Liu D, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Wu L, Song M, Wang Y, Wang W. Population-based case-control study revealed metabolomic biomarkers of suboptimal health status in Chinese population-potential utility for innovative approach by predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:147-160. [PMID: 32549914 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a subclinical stage of chronic diseases, and the identification of SHS provides an opportunity for the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) of chronic diseases. Previous studies have reported the associations between metabolic signatures and early signs of chronic diseases. Methods This study aimed to detect the metabolic biomarkers for the identification of SHS in a case-control study. SHS questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) was used in a population-based health survey to measure the SHS levels of participants. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted on plasma samples collected from 50 SHS participants and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results After adjusting for the confounders, 24 significantly differential metabolites, such as sphingomyelin, sphingosine, sphinganine, progesterone, pregnanolone, and bilirubin, were identified as the candidate biomarkers for SHS. Pathway analysis revealed that sphingolipid metabolism, taurine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis are the disturbed metabolic pathways related to SHS. A combination of four metabolic biomarkers (sphingosine, pregnanolone, taurolithocholate sulfate, cervonyl carnitine) can distinguish SHS individuals from the controls with a sensitivity of 94.0%, a specificity of 90.0%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.977. Conclusion Plasma metabolites are valuable biomarkers for SHS identification, and meanwhile, SHSQ-25 can be used as an alternative health screening tool in the population-based health survey. SHS-related metabolic disturbances could be detected at the early onset of SHS, and SHS-related metabolites could create a window opportunity for PPPM of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Student Health Center, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Zheng
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakayama Y, Taura D, Shibue K, Kuramoto N, Mimori T, Inagaki N. A case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by subclinical Cushing's syndrome: case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2020; 4:16-20. [PMID: 33086965 DOI: 10.1080/24725625.2019.1638049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An 18-year-old female was diagnosed with subclinical Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to a left adrenal adenoma. When she was 20 years old, she developed lupus nephritis. She was treated with high-dose prednisolone (PSL) and soon developed the symptoms of CS. When she was 25 years old, we evaluated her serum glucocorticoid level while she continued to take oral PSL. The result suggested her CS was affected by both the oral PSL and the endogenous cortisol secreted by the adrenocortical adenoma, which was therefore resected. Seven months after the operation, the patient's body weight was decreasing, and her SLE remained in clinical remission. CS complicated by SLE is rare, and the decision to surgically remove an adrenal tumor in such a case is even more rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakayama
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Shibue
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kuramoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pham GS, Mathis KW. Lipopolysaccharide Challenge Reveals Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E184. [PMID: 30287776 PMCID: PMC6211064 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between the brain and innate immune system may be dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease that presents with dysautonomia and aberrant inflammation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is an endogenous neuro-endocrine-immune pathway that can regulate inflammation following activation of vagal afferents. We hypothesized that chronic inflammatory processes in SLE are in part due to HPA axis dysfunction, at the level of either the afferent vagal-paraventricular nuclei (PVN) interface, the anterior pituitary, and/or at the adrenal glands. To study this, we challenged female control and SLE mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and measured c-Fos expression as an index of neuronal activation, plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) as an index of anterior pituitary function, and plasma corticosterone as an index of adrenal function. We found that c-Fos expression in the PVN, and plasma ACTH and corticosterone were comparable between unchallenged SLE and control mice. PVN c-Fos was increased similarly in control and SLE mice three hours after LPS challenge; however, there were no changes in plasma ACTH amongst any experimental groups post inflammatory challenge. Plasma corticosterone was markedly increased in LPS-challenged SLE mice compared to their vehicle-treated counterparts, but not in controls. Paradoxically, following LPS challenge, brain and spleen TNF-α were elevated in LPS-challenged SLE mice despite heightened plasma corticosterone. This suggests that, despite normal c-Fos expression in the PVN and activation of the HPA axis following LPS challenge, this cumulative response may not adequately defend SLE mice against inflammatory stimuli, leading to abnormally heightened innate immune responses and peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Pham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen S, Zhang R, Zhang J, Wei Y, Guo Y, Su L, Chen F, Christiani DC. Welding fume exposure is associated with inflammation: a global metabolomics profiling study. Environ Health 2018; 17:68. [PMID: 30134906 PMCID: PMC6106842 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that welding fume exposure is associated with systemic inflammation. Although celluar metabolites may be associated with inflammation, there is limited information on metabolomic changes during welding fume exposure. Such changes may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and prevention of metal-associated diseases. We aim to investigate human metabolomics changes pre- and post-welding fume exposure. METHODS This study included 52 boilermakers totally. We collected plasma samples pre- and post-shift welding fume exposure and prepared samples using the automated MicroLab STAR® system. Metabolite concentrations were measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test the significance of metabolite changes with false discovery rate correction. RESULTS Analysis detected several metabolic changes after welding fume exposure, mainly involved in the lipid pathway [glucocorticoid class (cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone), acylcarnitine class, and DiHOME species (9,10-DiHOME and 12,13-DiHOME)], amino acid utilization (isoleucine, proline and phenylalanine), and S-(3-hydroxypropyl) mercapturic acid (3-HPMA). These compounds are all associated with inflammation according to previous studies. Further, additive interaction effects linked smoking and 3-HPMA levels. In the metabolite set enrichment analysis for diseases, the top two disease-associated metabolite pathways were systemic inflammation-related diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. CONCLUSIONS This global metabolomics study shows evidence that metabolite changes during welding fume exposure are closely associated with systemic inflammation. The altered metabolites detected may be potential health monitoring biomarkers for boilermakers, especially for inflammation-related disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building I Room 1401, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu H, Canoura J, Guntupalli B, Alkhamis O, Xiao Y. Sensitive Detection of Small-Molecule Targets Using Cooperative Binding Split Aptamers and Enzyme-Assisted Target Recycling. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1748-1758. [PMID: 29294287 PMCID: PMC5803384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification via enzyme-assisted target recycling (EATR) offers a powerful means for improving the sensitivity of DNA detection assays, but it has proven challenging to employ EATR with aptamer-based assays for small-molecule detection due to insensitive target response of aptamers. Here, we describe a general approach for the development of rapid and sensitive EATR-amplified small-molecule sensors based on cooperative binding split aptamers (CBSAs). CBSAs contain two target-binding domains and exhibit enhanced target response compared with single-domain split aptamers. We introduced a duplexed C3 spacer abasic site between the two binding domains, enabling EATR signal amplification through exonuclease III's apurinic endonuclease activity. As a demonstration, we engineered a CBSA-based EATR-amplified fluorescence assay to detect dehydroisoandrosterone-3-sulfate. This assay achieved 100-fold enhanced target sensitivity relative to a non-EATR-based assay, with a detection limit of 1 μM in 50% urine. We further developed an instrument-free colorimetric assay employing EATR-mediated aggregation of CBSA-modified gold nanoparticles for the visual detection of low-micromolar concentrations of cocaine. On the basis of the generalizability of CBSA engineering and the robust performance of EATR in complex samples, we believe that such assays should prove valuable for detecting small-molecule targets in diverse fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Bhargav Guntupalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hirschfeld J, Howait M, Movila A, Parčina M, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Deschner J, Jepsen S, Kawai T. Assessment of the involvement of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-glucocorticoid regulatory dyad in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:345-354. [PMID: 28776753 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine and counter-regulator of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). It is implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the role of the MIF-GC regulatory dyad in the expression and release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) during periodontitis, in vivo and in vitro. In a Mif-knockout (KO) mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis, gingival tissues and blood were collected and analysed for levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), MIF, MMP-2, and corticosterone. In addition, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were tested for production of IL-6 and MMP-2 after stimulation with hydrocortisone (HC), MIF, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), or Fusobacterium nucleatum, a pathogen known to elicit immune responses during periodontitis. Wild-type (WT) mice showed a local and systemic increase of MIF levels during inflammation, which was confirmed by increased local IL-6 concentrations. Systemic GC levels were reduced in WT and Mif-KO mice during inflammation, with overall lower concentrations in Mif-KO mice. In vivo and in vitro, MMP-2 production was not dependent on MIF or inflammatory stimuli, but was inhibited by HC. Therefore, MIF does not appear to stimulate expression of MMP-2 in the gingival tissues, whereas GC upregulates MIF and downregulates MMP-2. Our findings further suggest that MIF may regulate systemic GC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hirschfeld
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Periodontal Research Group, Birmingham Dental School and Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Howait
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Zoology, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Xie XW, Zhou H, Wang B, Zhang MJ, Tang FY. Metabolic profiling reveals new serum biomarkers of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2017; 26:1166-1173. [PMID: 28420061 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317694256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been applied to explore altered metabolite profiles in disease and identify unique metabolic signatures specific to certain pathologies. The aim of the current study is to characterize the metabolic profile of patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis (LN) and explore new insights into underlying disease processes. A metabolomic approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was developed in serum samples from 32 LN patients, 30 idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Potential biomarkers were screened from orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and further evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). A total of 14 potential biomarkers were screened and tentatively identified for LN patients compared to HCs. Compared to HCs and INS patients, the LN patients had increased serum levels of sorbitol and glycocholic acid metabolites and decreased levels of cortisol, creatinine and L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine. A panel of three metabolomics (theophylline, oxidized glutathione and capric acid) was identified as biomarkers of LN with a sensitivity of 87.50% and a specificity of 67.86% using ROC analysis. Our results suggest that UPLC-HRMS based quantification of circulating metabolites was a useful tool for identification of biomarkers with the ability to segregate LN patients from INS patients and HCs. The potential biomarkers indicated that the LN metabolic disturbance may be closely associated with inflammation injury, oxidative stress and phospholipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - X-W Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - H Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - M-J Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - F-Y Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hypofunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) as a Consequence of Activated Immune-Inflammatory and Oxidative and Nitrosative Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6806-6819. [PMID: 27766535 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways play a role in the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). There is also evidence that these neuroimmune diseases are accompanied by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypoactivity as indicated by lowered baseline glucocorticoid levels. This paper aims to review the bidirectional communications between immune-inflammatory and O&NS pathways and HPA axis hypoactivity in ME/CFS, considering two possibilities: (a) Activation of immune-inflammatory pathways is secondary to HPA axis hypofunction via attenuated negative feedback mechanisms, or (b) chronic activated immune-inflammatory and O&NS pathways play a causative role in HPA axis hypoactivity. Electronic databases, i.e., PUBMED, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were used as sources for this narrative review by using keywords CFS, ME, cortisol, ACTH, CRH, HPA axis, glucocorticoid receptor, cytokines, immune, immunity, inflammation, and O&NS. Findings show that activation of immune-inflammatory and O&NS pathways in ME/CFS are probably not secondary to HPA axis hypoactivity and that activation of these pathways may underpin HPA axis hypofunction in ME/CFS. Mechanistic explanations comprise increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, T regulatory responses with elevated levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, elevated levels of nitric oxide, and viral/bacterial-mediated mechanisms. HPA axis hypoactivity in ME/CFS is most likely a consequence and not a cause of a wide variety of activated immune-inflammatory and O&NS pathways in that illness.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kasap E, Aksu EE, Gur EB, Genc M, Eskicioğlu F, Gökduman A, Güçlü S. Investigation of the relationship between salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, anxiety, and depression in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3686-9. [PMID: 26752270 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1140741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the salivary levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol with factors related to depression and anxiety in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). METHODS Forty patients with a diagnosis of HG were selected for the study and matched with 40 control patients according to body mass index, parity, and age. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were investigated using the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory for Adults, respectively. Saliva samples were collected in the morning and at night and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of DHEA-S and cortisol levels. RESULTS We observed a positive correlation between increased levels of depression and anxiety and increased salivary levels of cortisol and DHEA-S in patients with HG. CONCLUSIONS Salivary cortisol and DHEA-S levels, as well as mood disorders, should be monitored in patients with HG, although further large, prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esin Kasap
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Ebru Emine Aksu
- b Department of Psychiatry , Sifa University School of Medicine , İzmir , Turkey
| | | | - Mine Genc
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Fatma Eskicioğlu
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Merkez Efendi State Hospital , Manisa , Turkey , and
| | - Ayşe Gökduman
- d Department of Biochemistry , Sifa University School of Medicine , İzmir , Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Honoré PM, Jacobs R, De Waele E, De Regt J, Rose T, Van Gorp V, Joannes-Boyau O, Boer W, Spapen HD. What do we know about steroids metabolism and 'PK/PD approach' in AKI and CKD especially while on RRT--current status in 2014. Blood Purif 2014; 38:154-7. [PMID: 25471548 DOI: 10.1159/000368390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge on PK behavior of steroid drugs such as prednisolone or prednisone has indeed been expanding but at a rather slow pace. First, convenient, rapid, and specific determination of plasma levels of these steroids was largely indebted to the breakthrough of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Second, prednisolone is non-linearly protein-bound. Since unbound prednisolone is the biologically active compound, only the measurement of this free fraction in plasma is relevant. Third, the short half-life of prednisolone precludes to reach steady-state levels and requires determination of the area under the concentration-time curve. Fourth, prednisolone and prednisone are mutually convertible. Intravenous prednisolone, however, is administered as a pro-drug ester, which renders comparison and interpretation of reported PK data of both agents unreliable. A poignant lack of awareness and knowledge regarding catabolism, clearance mechanisms, and elimination route of steroids fuels the ongoing controversy that surrounds adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic or acute inflammatory disease. This particular patient population is also more prone to develop early and significant kidney dysfunction, necessitating extra-renal support. A better understanding of steroid PK/PD, preferentially guided by HPLC measurement of plasma steroid concentrations, likely will have direct clinical implications, for instance by adapting steroid doses in IHD or implementing higher dose regimens during CRRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honoré
- ICU Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nolte H, Hölper S, Selbach M, Braun T, Krüger M. Assessment of serum protein dynamics by native SILAC flooding (SILflood). Anal Chem 2014; 86:11033-7. [PMID: 25347402 DOI: 10.1021/ac502883p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Turnover of blood serum proteins is a vital function in mammals, but technical challenges have thus far prevented comprehensive measurements of serum protein half-lives. Here, we injected native serum from heavy stable isotope labeled (SIL) mice into nonlabeled recipients to quantify turnover of more than 200 proteins using mass spectrometry with high reproducibility and accuracy. We found a median of 19.4 h and a total range of 6-70 h for calculated half-lives. Moreover, we observed similar half-lives for proteins with equal function. To demonstrate the value and effectiveness of SILflood, we investigated the impaired serum clearance in β2-microglobulin (B2M-/-) deficient mice. Notably, we found that serum albumin and IgG half-lives were clearly reduced in B2M deficient animals compared to control animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SILflood is a versatile tool to investigate serum half-lives under regular and pathological conditions in living animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne , Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao X, Chen J, Ye L, Xu G. Serum Metabolomics Study of the Acute Graft Rejection in Human Renal Transplantation Based on Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu SY, Han LS, Guo JY, Zheng ZH, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang X, He YJ, Gao GM, Liu ZS, Zeng XF. Metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: no association with plasma cortisol level. Lupus 2013; 22:519-26. [PMID: 23554041 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313478301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the conditions that contribute to its development. 116 patients with SLE classified according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria, and 115 controls were enrolled. MS was defined by the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity (IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO). SLE features and treatment of SLE were assessed. Fasting insulin and cortisol levels of 30 newly diagnosed, untreated patients and 33 age and sex-matched controls were detected. MS prevalence was 34.2% in patients with SLE and 14.8% in controls ( p = 0.002). Lupus patients with MS had less frequency of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) intake (16.0% vs 45.8%; p = 0.012). Untreated patients with SLE had higher levels of fasting insulin (10.92 ± 13.53 vs 5.48 ± 5.43 uU/mL, p < 0.001) and plasma cortisol at 16:00 (257.22 ± 177.98 vs 139.84 ± 63.46 nmol/L, p = 0.001), but lower plasma cortisol at 08:00 (195.51 ± 149.84 vs 278.95 ± 136.27 nmol/L, p = 0.024). Comparisons regarding steroid therapy, levels of insulin and cortisol were not statistically significant between patients with MS and without MS. The Chinese patients with SLE presented a higher MS prevalence and fasting insulin than controls. MS was not associated with the steroid therapy and plasma cortisol. HCQ use proved to be protective against MS. The circadian rhythm of cortisol may differ in patients with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L-S Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J-Y Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z-H Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y-J He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - G-M Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z-S Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X-F Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bove R. Autoimmune diseases and reproductive aging. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:251-64. [PMID: 23522436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As the population ages, more individuals with autoimmune diseases are experiencing reproductive senescence. Understanding the impact of menopause and age-related androgen decline on disease onset and course, as well as the potential for hormonal interventions, is critically important. In men, lupus erythematosis (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with lower androgen levels. However, the impact of age-related declines in testosterone, as well as of testosterone replacement, on disease course remains underexplored. In women, the course of all three diseases with onset after the age of menopause differs from that with onset before menopause. Early age at menopause is associated with increased disease risk, and after menopause, disease course changes in SLE and RA. Less is known about MS. This article summarizes what is known about the relationship between reproductive aging and autoimmune diseases in men and women, and highlights areas for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley Bove
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Associations Between Positive and Negative Affect and 12-Month Physical Disorders in a National Sample. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2012; 19:197-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-011-9277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Imrich R, Rovenský J. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2011; 36:721-7. [PMID: 21092849 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The controlled data accumulated so far support only subtle alterations in HPA axis function in RA, mainly at the adrenal level, and particularly in a subset of premenopausal-onset women. Such interpretation is supported by consistent findings of lower levels of adrenal androgens, particularly DHEAS, in premenopausal-onset RA patients. Consequences of the subtle HPA alterations in RA for the disease development remain unclear. From a broader perspective, the unresponsiveness of the HPA axis to chronic inflammation in RA simply can be seen as an ongoing adaptation to the disease state with higher priority to proper regulation of core body functions over the immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Imrich
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3-7, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
James WH. A potential explanation of the reported low prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:835. [PMID: 21547385 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-1837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Girardi C, Luz C, Cherubini K, de Figueiredo MAZ, Nunes MLT, Salum FG. Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, psychological factors in patients with oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:864-8. [PMID: 21377142 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the salivary levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol and scores of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). STUDY DESIGN Thirty-one patients with a diagnosis of OLP were selected; they were matched by sex and age with 31 control patients. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were investigated by the instruments Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, respectively. Saliva was collected in the morning and at night for the determination of DHEA and cortisol levels by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to depression (P=0.832), anxiety (P=0.061) or stress (P=0.611), or with respect to morning and night salivary levels of DHEA (P=0.888, P=0.297) and cortisol (P=0.443, P=0.983). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association of OLP with anxiety. However, DHEA and cortisol levels did not differ between groups, which does not support any neuroendocrine aetiology for OLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Girardi
- Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marder W, Somers EC, Kaplan MJ, Anderson MR, Lewis EE, McCune WJ. Effects of prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone) on markers of cardiovascular risk and bone turnover in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study. Lupus 2010; 19:1229-36. [PMID: 20530522 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310371156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a weak androgen with proposed efficacy in the treatment of mild to moderate lupus, and possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk and bone mineral density. We hypothesized that treatment with 200 mg a day of Prasterone (DHEA) would improve pre-clinical measures of atherosclerosis: flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (NMD), and circulating apoptotic endothelial cells (CD 146(AnnV +)), as well markers of bone metabolism. Thirteen premenopausal female patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) <or=8 were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial for 22 weeks with a 6-week washout between treatment periods. Results reveal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels significantly decreased with Prasterone (48.5 versus 56.3 with placebo, p <or= 0.001), and there was a trend towards impairment of endothelial function with Prasterone (brachial artery FMD 3.4% versus 4.4% with placebo, mean difference -1.07, NMD 19.5% versus 24.4% with placebo, mean difference -4.9, p = NS). There were no differences between groups in SLEDAI, CD146( AnnV+) cells, or receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin, although RANKL was higher after treatment with Prasterone (mean difference -29.5 units; p = 0.097). This pilot study does not support the use of Prasterone in mild lupus for prevention of atherosclerosis or osteoporosis, and confirms other findings of potentially harmful effects on lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Marder
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qu XA, Gudivada RC, Jegga AG, Neumann EK, Aronow BJ. Inferring novel disease indications for known drugs by semantically linking drug action and disease mechanism relationships. BMC Bioinformatics 2009; 10 Suppl 5:S4. [PMID: 19426461 PMCID: PMC2679404 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-s5-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering that drug entities already approved for one disease are effective treatments for other distinct diseases can be highly beneficial and cost effective. To do this predictively, our conjecture is that a semantic infrastructure linking mechanistic relationships between pharmacologic entities and multidimensional knowledge of biological systems and disease processes will be highly enabling. RESULTS To develop a knowledge framework capable of modeling and interconnecting drug actions and disease mechanisms across diverse biological systems contexts, we designed a Disease-Drug Correlation Ontology (DDCO), formalized in OWL, that integrates multiple ontologies, controlled vocabularies, and data schemas and interlinks these with diverse datasets extracted from pharmacological and biological domains. Using the complex disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) as an example, a high-dimensional pharmacome-diseasome graph network was generated as RDF XML, and subjected to graph-theoretic proximity and connectivity analytic approaches to rank drugs versus the compendium of SLE-associated genes, pathways, and clinical features. Tamoxifen, a current candidate therapeutic for SLE, was the highest ranked drug. CONCLUSION This early stage demonstration highlights critical directions to follow that will enable translational pharmacotherapeutic research. The uniform application of Semantic Web methodology to problems in data integration, knowledge representation, and analysis provides an efficient and potentially powerful means to allow mining of drug action and disease mechanism relationships. Further improvements in semantic representation of mechanistic relationships will provide a fertile basis for accelerated drug repositioning, reasoning, and discovery across the spectrum of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan A Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Afshartous D, Preston RA. Recursive estimation method for predicting residual bladder urine volumes to improve accuracy of timed urine collections*. Stat Methods Med Res 2008; 18:119-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280207087726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical research studies often collect data via repeated measurements of collected urine. Unfortunately, the accuracy of timed urine collections is limited by the presence of a residual volume of urine remaining in the bladder following each timed void due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. This residual urine volume adds significant imprecision to the urine collection method, rendering an important and fundamental clinical research tool inaccurate. We present an unbiased method to estimate the residual bladder volumes via a mathematical model of the bladder process. Regardless of the substance of primary interest, the model leverages conservation of mass and conservation of concentration principles towards a substance of secondary interest in order to solve a system of recursive equations, resulting in our Recursive Residual Estimation method to predict the residual volumes at each time point. We verify the model on simulated patients and also investigate the sensitivity of the model to initial value specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Afshartous
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,
| | - Richard A Preston
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Blackman MR, Muniyappa R, Wilson M, Moquin BE, Baldwin HL, Wong KA, Snyder C, Magalnick M, Alli S, Reynolds J, Steinberg SM, Goldbach-Mansky R. Diurnal secretion of growth hormone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone in pre- and perimenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R73. [PMID: 17662149 PMCID: PMC2206381 DOI: 10.1186/ar2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with neuroendocrine and immunologic dysfunction leading to rheumatoid cachexia. Although excess proinflammatory cytokines can decrease somatotropic axis activity, little is known about the effects of RA on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-I) axis function. We tested the hypothesis that patients with active RA exhibit decreased GH/IGF-I axis activity. To do so, we conducted a pilot case-control study at a clinical research center in 7 pre- and perimenopausal women with active RA and 10 age- and body mass index-matched healthy women. Participants underwent blood sampling every 20 minutes for 24 hours (8 a.m. to 8 a.m.), and sera were assayed for GH, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Sera obtained after overnight fasting were assayed for IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose, insulin, and lipids. Body composition and bone mineral density were evaluated by DEXA (dual emission x-ray absorptiometry) scans. In patients with RA, mean disease duration was 7.6 ± 6.8 years, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, and IL-6 were elevated. GH half-life was shorter than in control subjects (p = 0.0037), with no other significant group differences in GH deconvolution parameters or approximate entropy scores. IGF-I (p = 0.05) and IGFBP-3 (p = 0.058) were lower, whereas IGFBP-1 tended to be higher (p = 0.066), in patients with RA, with nonsignificantly increased 24-hour total GH production rates. There were no significant group differences in cortisol or DHEA secretion. Lean body mass was lower in patients with RA (p = 0.019), particularly in the legs (p = 0.01). Women with active RA exhibit a trend toward GH insensitivity and relatively diminished diurnal cortisol and DHEA secretion for their state of inflammation. Whether these changes contribute to rheumatoid cachexia remains to be determined. NCT00034060.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Blackman
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ranganath Muniyappa
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mildred Wilson
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbara E Moquin
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Howard L Baldwin
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelli A Wong
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Magalnick
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaan Alli
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Reynolds
- Department of Radiology, Warren Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bácsi K, Kósa J, Lazáry A, Horváth H, Balla B, Lakatos P, Speer G. [Significance of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in different diseases]. Orv Hetil 2007; 148:651-7. [PMID: 17403638 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2007.27903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate are precursors of androgens and estrogens, support the gonadal sexual steroid production. The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate are maximal between the ages of 20 and 30 years, then start a decline of 2% per year, leaving a residual of 10-20% of the peak production by the eight decade of life. The age-associated decrease may lead to osteoporosis, deterioration of lipid-metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and second type of diabetes mellitus. Decreased levels were found in autoimmune diseases and in sexual dysfunction, too. Intracrinology describes the formation of active hormones which exert their action in the same cells where synthesis took place without release into the pericellular compartment. The high local androgen and estrogen concentration may be important in the pathomechanism of hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, breast and prostate cancer. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone resulted in a reduction of postmenopausal osteoporosis, also the decreased symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosis, psychiatric diseases and sexual disfunction. The authors summarize the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and their role in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Bácsi
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Budapest.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang W, Kalhorn TF, Baillie M, Shen DD, Thummel KE. Determination of Free and Total Cortisol in Plasma and Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2007; 29:215-24. [PMID: 17417077 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31803d14c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is an important adrenal steroid hormone involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multiple reactant monitoring (MRM) procedure for the measurement of cortisol concentration in plasma ultrafiltrate, whole plasma, and urine was developed and validated. Plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, or urine was extracted by ethyl acetate. The extract was subjected to liquid chromatography with an Inertsil ODS-3 column with an aqueous NH4Cl (1 mM, pH 9.0):methanol mobile phase. The presence of NH4Cl in the mobile phase induced the formation of [M+Cl] in the first quadrupole at m/z 397 and 409 for cortisol and 6alpha-methylprednisolone (internal standard), respectively. In the collision cell, the complex dissociated to the neutral parent and the chloride ion at m/z 35; the latter ion was used for quantification. The calibration curve was linear from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.50 ng/mL and the limit of detection was 0.25 ng/mL. For quality control samples prepared in water, the intrabatch assay precision was 5.6%, 9.6%, and 9.9% at 50, 10, and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The interbatch assay precision was 4.2%, 6.3%, and 7.5% at 50, 10, and 1 ng/mL, respectively. For measurement of endogenous cortisol in plasma and urine samples, the intra-assay and interassay precision was 10.8% and 4.8% for total plasma cortisol, 13.1% and 5.2% for free plasma cortisol, 10.9% and 13.1% for cortisol protein-binding free fraction, and 8.9% and 14.4% for urine cortisol, respectively. A simple procedure of ultrafiltration coupled with the highly sensitive LC-MS/MS quantification offered a rapid and reproducible assay for plasma free cortisol, which may be useful in the assessment of adrenal function in patients, especially critically ill patients with abnormal protein binding. It may also be useful for plasma and urinary cortisol measurements in pharmacodynamic studies of adrenocorticoid response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schmidt M, Naumann H, Weidler C, Schellenberg M, Anders S, Straub RH. Inflammation and Sex Hormone Metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1069:236-46. [PMID: 16855150 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1351.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is higher in females than in males. In both sexes, adrenal hormones, that is, glucocorticoids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androgens, are inadequately low in patients when compared to healthy controls. Hormonally active androgens are anti-inflammatory, whereas estrogens are pro-inflammatory. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for the alterations of steroid profiles in inflammation are of major interest. The local metabolism of androgens and estrogens may determine whether a given steroid profile found in a subject's blood results in suppression or promotion of inflammation. The steroid metabolism in mixed synovial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and monocytes was assessed. Major focus was on cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while cells from patients with osteoarthritis served as controls. Enzymes directly or indirectly involved in local sex steroid metabolism in RA are: DHEA-sulfatase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase (CYP19), which are required for the synthesis of sex steroids from precursors, 5alpha-reductase and 16alpha-hydroxylase, which can be involved either in the generation of more active steroids or in the pathways leading to depletion of active hormones, and 3alpha-reductase and 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B), which unidirectionally are involved in the depletion of active hormones. Androgens inhibit aromatization in synovial cells when their concentration is sufficiently high. As large amounts of estrogens are formed in synovial tissue, there may be a relative lack of androgens. Production of 5alpha-reduced androgens should increase the local anti-inflammatory activity; however, it also opens a pathway for the inactivation of androgens. The data discussed here suggest that therapy of RA patients may benefit from the use of nonaromatizable androgens and/or the use of aromatase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07740 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jessop DS, Harbuz MS. A defect in cortisol production in rheumatoid arthritis: why are we still looking? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1097-100. [PMID: 15827033 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D S Jessop
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (LINE), University of Bristol, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|