1
|
Garnett D, Cobbing S, Viljoen C, Patricios J. High school rugby coaches' knowledge and opinions of concussion in Kwa-Zulu Natal province in South Africa: an ecological cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:139. [PMID: 38915113 PMCID: PMC11194973 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussions in Rugby Union are common with an increased risk to adolescent players. Coaches are key to injury prevention and a greater understanding of their knowledge and sentiments may guide future initiatives. There is a lack of data on rugby coaches, especially in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and opinions of high school rugby coaches regarding concussion management. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 37 high school rugby coaches in South Africa, was conducted via a self-reported questionnaire. Concussion knowledge was scored for correct answers only with closed-question scaling methods to measure the importance of items of concussion management using a graphical rating scale. An attitude scale (Likert) was used to assess self-reported opinions and behaviours. Associations were calculated for participant characteristics and overall concussion injury knowledge. RESULTS More participants showed good overall knowledge of ≥ 75% (n = 22, 59% vs. n = 15, 40%), especially those with greater coaching experience (p = 0.021). Player welfare was perceived more important than player performance (185 vs. 164), with concussion prevention most important (184 of 185). Appealing characteristics of an injury prevention programme were the improvement of player skill (173, SD ± 0.75, mean 4.68), being adaptable (171, ± 0.86, 4.62), and being completed in the warm-up (167, ± 0.93, 4.51). The biggest perceived barriers were duration (138, ± 1.59, mean 3.73), effort (130, ± 1.56, 3.51), compliance and lack of knowledge (both 127, ± 1.68, 3.43). CONCLUSION These results support the implementation of ongoing concussion education for rugby coaches and identify areas for promoting awareness and knowledge of concussion injury prevention, identification, and specific management of younger athletes. Appealing characteristics and barriers are highlighted and may allow for improved implementation and adherence to concussion prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garnett
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Saul Cobbing
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carel Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration On Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al Attar WSA, Mahmoud H, Alfadel A, Faude O. Does Headgear Prevent Sport-Related Concussion? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Including 6311 Players and 173,383 Exposure Hours. Sports Health 2024; 16:473-480. [PMID: 37204092 PMCID: PMC11025511 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231174461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT A sport-related concussion (SRC) is a traumatic brain injury that is caused by biomechanical stresses and results in a complex pathophysiological process in the brain. Some in the sporting community believe that headgear (HG) can prevent SRC, and several professional Australian sports organizations, including rugby, football, and soccer clubs, recommend its use. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine whether HG is effective in lowering the prevalence of SRC in sports. DATA SOURCES A systematic search for related studies published between 1985 and 2023 was conducted using the following databases: Cochrane Library, AMED, PubMed, Web of Science, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). STUDY SELECTION Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of HG in reducing SRC rate were included. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1a. DATA EXTRACTION Two researchers independently completed the title and abstract search and performed full-text reviews. A third reviewer was consulted to reach a consensus if any discrepancies were noted. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. Data recorded from each study included authors, year of publication, type and number of players, study design, duration of the study, injury rate, compliance (%), sports/level, and exposure hours. RESULTS The pooled results of 6311 players and 173,383 exposure hours showed 0% SRC reduction per 1000 hours of exposure in the experimental group compared with the control group, with an injury risk ratio of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.82-1.30; P = 0.79). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that HG does not prevent SRC among soccer and rugby players, and therefore the findings from this meta-analysis do not currently support the use of HG to prevent SRC in soccer or rugby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A. Al Attar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Alfadel
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Travis E, Scott-Bell A, Thornton C. The current state of concussion knowledge and attitudes in British American Football. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:36-45. [PMID: 36510839 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2156766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine concussion knowledge and concussion attitudes of players, coaches, and support staff in British American Football (BAF). METHODS Data from players, coaches and support staff (n = 236) were collected from across all leagues in BAF. An online survey tool was used which included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS), and questions examining concussion education and perceived risk of participating in football. RESULTS The mean score on the RoCKAS concussion knowledge was 21.0 ± 2.1 of a possible score of 25 reflecting good knowledge. Of a possible score of 65, the mean concussion attitude score was 55.6 ± 6.1 showing safe attitude. Whilst an overall safe attitude was seen, almost half of participants (45.3%) noted they would continue to play with a concussion. No relationship was found between CAI and prior concussion history. Fifty seven percent of participants agreed the benefits of playing football outweighed the risks. Forty eight percent reported that they had received no concussion-related education in the past 12 months. CONCLUSION BAF participants have good concussion knowledge and safe attitudes. However, risky behavior is demonstrated through unsafe likelihood to report and attitude to long-term health risks. Access to the British American Football Association (BAFA) concussion policy and education was poor raising questions over what sources of information stakeholders are drawing their knowledge from. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions (e.g. coaching workshops) to challenge current misconceptions and improve likelihood to report concussion in BAF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Travis
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrea Scott-Bell
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manaseer T, Al-nassan SM, Taifour AM. The knowledge and attitude concerning sport-related concussion among coaches: A survey study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2024; 80:1955. [PMID: 38322656 PMCID: PMC10839240 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v80i1.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are no studies investigating the level of knowledge about and attitude towards sports-related concussions (SRC) among sports coaches in Jordan. Objectives This study aimed to examine the knowledge about and attitude towards SRC among Jordanian sports coaches. Method Our study was based on a cross-sectional survey. An Arabic version of the questionnaire from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used to collect data. The survey identified participants' demographics and knowledge about (0-10 points with higher scores indicating a higher knowledge) and attitude towards (8-40 with lower scores indicating favourable attitudes) SRC. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to examine knowledge and attitude differences by demographic factors. Spearman's correlation examined the correlation between the total knowledge and attitude scores. Results Participants included 193 coaches (62 basketball, 66 martial arts, 30 soccer, and 35 swimming). The median total knowledge and attitude scores were 4 and 30, respectively. The total knowledge score was the highest in martial arts coaches (median = 4) and those with graduate degrees (median = 5). The total attitude score was the lowest among basketball coaches (median = 28) and those who were 40-50 years old (median = 28). No significant correlation between knowledge and attitude scores was observed. Conclusion Jordanian coaches have a deficiency in knowledge about SRC and hold attitudes that are not consistent with current practice recommendations. Clinical implications Knowledge and attitude about SRC can be improved through education, access to healthcare providers, and adherence to SRC management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaer Manaseer
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Saad M. Al-nassan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Akef M. Taifour
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fortington LV, Badenhorst M, Bolling C, Derman W, Emery CA, Pasanen K, Schwellnus M, Verhagen E, Finch Ao CF. Are we levelling the playing field? A qualitative case study of the awareness, uptake and relevance of the IOC consensus statements in two countries. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1371-1381. [PMID: 36725283 PMCID: PMC10646857 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research evidence is commonly compiled into expert-informed consensus guidelines intended to consolidate and distribute sports medicine knowledge. Between 2003 and 2018, 27 International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statements were produced. This study explored the policy and practice impact of the IOC Statements on athlete health and medical team management in two economically and contextually diverse countries. METHODS A qualitative case study design was adopted. Fourteen face-to-face interviews were conducted with purposively selected interviewees, seven participants from Australia (higher economic equality) and seven from South Africa (lower economic equality), representing their national medical commissions (doctors and physiotherapists of Olympic, Paralympic and Youth teams). A framework method was used to analyse interview transcripts and identify key themes. RESULTS Differences across resource settings were found, particularly in the perceived usefulness of the IOC Statements and their accessibility. Both settings were unsure about the purpose of the IOC Statements and their intended audience. However, both valued the existence of evidence-informed guidelines. In the Australian setting, there was less reliance on the resources developed by the IOC, preferring to use locally contextualised documents that are readily available. CONCLUSION The IOC Statements are valuable evidence-informed resources that support translation of knowledge into clinical sports medicine practice. However, to be fully effective, they must be perceived as useful and relevant and should reach their target audiences with ready access. This study showed different contexts require different resources, levels of support and dissemination approaches. Future development and dissemination of IOC Statements should consider the perspectives and the diversity of contexts they are intended for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM) Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IOC Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wayne Derman
- Dept of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline F Finch Ao
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weber J, Reinsberger C, Krutsch V, Seiffert R, Huber L, Alt V, Krutsch W. Heading and risk of injury situations for the head in professional German football: a video analysis of over 150,000 headers in 110,000 match minutes. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023; 7:307-314. [PMID: 35994618 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
To provide detailed epidemiological data on situations with a propensity of head injuries due to heading in professional football. In a prospective cohort study including the four highest professional football leagues in Germany, headers carried out in 1244 official matches and critical situations (CI) with a potential risk for injuries over one season were assessed by video analysis and a standardised video protocol. Results: 154,766 headers in 111,960 match minutes were recorded (1.4 headings/min). Video analysis showed a mean of 6.2 headers per field player and match (SD: 2,9; min: 0; max: 19) in the entire study population with a peak in the third league (7.1 per player and match). Headers were predominantly carried out with the forehead (78.5%), and nearly two-thirds occurred during defence (64.3%). 49.9% of all headers occurred during tackling, of which 78.3% involved body contact with an opponent. Video analysis yielded 848 CI. 74.5% of all critical incidents occurred during heading duels as a part of tackling (odds ratio: 3.6, 95%-CI: 2.4-5.2), and 99.4% involved body contact (odds ratio: 5.9, 95%-CI: 2,8-12,7). This study is the first to provide detailed epidemiological data on heading and critical incidences with high risk for head injuries in professional football. Heading duels bear a high risk of head injury and thus represent a key target for prevention strategies. The impacts of headers should be critically investigated regarding neurological consequences in further studies, by including the mean heading rate per mal field player and match.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Weber
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Sports Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Volker Krutsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Robin Seiffert
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Sports Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Huber
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Sports Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Sports Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Krutsch
- Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Sports Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bazo M, Arpone M, Baioccato V, Ermolao A, Gregori D, Da Dalt L, Bressan S. Concussion Knowledge and Self-Reported Behaviors in Youth Rugby Players and Their Coaches: A Population-Wide Cross-Sectional Survey. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:541-551. [PMID: 37185576 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors in Italian youth rugby players and their coaches. To investigate predictors of lower concussion knowledge and association between athletes' self-reported knowledge and behavior. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-wide, survey study. SETTING All rugby clubs (n = 52) of the Veneto region (Italy). PARTICIPANTS Players and coaches of all under 15, 17 and 19 teams. Overall, 1719 athlete surveys (92.2% male; response rate, 71.1%) and 235 coach surveys (93.6% male; response rate, 93.2%) were eligible for analysis. INTERVENTION Surveys circulated from September 20 to December 13, 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge scores were reported as a percentage of correct answers. Descriptive statistics were reported for all answers. The primary outcomes were concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors. The secondary outcomes were the association between knowledge and participant individual factors and self-reported behaviors. RESULTS Median knowledge score for athletes was 55% (IQR: 44-67) and for coaches was 60% (IQR: 52.5-69). Only 33.3% of athletes and 40% of coaches were aware of an increased risk of a second concussion after sustaining one. Athletes who had never heard of the word concussion (effect: -9.31; SE: 1.35, 95% CI: -12.0 to -6.7; P < 0.0001) and coaches with longer coaching experience (effect: -4.35; SE: 2.0, 95% CI: -8.29 to -0.41; P < 0.03) reported lower knowledge scores. There was no statistical association between knowledge scores and athlete self-reported behavior. CONCLUSION Athletes and coaches had a similar level of concussion knowledge. Knowledge score of athletes did not predict self-reported behaviors. Although enhanced concussion education should be undertaken, interventions to ensure appropriate concussion reporting behaviors are also required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bazo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Arpone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Baioccato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Makovec Knight J, Mitra B, McIntosh A, Clifton P, Makdissi M, Rosenfeld JV, Harcourt P, Howard TS, Willmott C. Padded Headgear in Junior and Youth Australian Football: Player Insights From a National Survey. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:252-257. [PMID: 36729021 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate beliefs and factors associated with padded headgear (HG) use in junior (<13 years) and youth (≥13 years) Australian football. DESIGN Online survey. SETTING Junior and youth athletes in Australia. PARTICIPANTS Australian football players aged U8 to U18. ASSESSMENT OF VARIABLES Survey questions regarding demographics, HG use, concussion history, beliefs about HG, and risk-taking propensity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of padded HG use, and beliefs associated with HG use. RESULTS A total of 735 players (including 190, 25.9% female) representing 206 clubs participated. Headgear was worn by 315 players (42.9%; 95% CI: 39.3-46.4). Most (59.5%) HG users wore it for games only and wore it voluntarily (59.7%), as opposed to being mandated to do so. Junior players were more likely than youth players to agree to feeling safer ( P < 0.001) and being able to play harder while wearing HG ( P < 0.001). Median responses were "disagree" on preferring to risk an injury than wear HG, and on experienced players not needing to wear HG. Beliefs did not differ between males and females. Headgear use was associated with players belonging to a club where HG was mandated for other age groups (OR 16.10; 95% CI: 7.71-33.62, P < 0.001), youth players (OR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.93-3.93, P < 0.001), and female players (OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07-2.30, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Club HG culture, older age and being female were prominent variables associated with voluntary HG use. Players reported believing that HG offers protection. The rate of voluntary and mandated HG use identified is at odds with current scientific evidence that does not support HG as effective concussion prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Makovec Knight
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michael Makdissi
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Teresa S Howard
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Catherine Willmott
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jervis CG, Adams SA, Fawkner S, Griffin SA. Concussion education in medical students studying in Scotland: an assessment of knowledge and future needs. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1196-1203. [PMID: 35996323 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians play a key role in ensuring athletes with concussion safely return to sport. Research has shown deficiencies in concussion education amongst physicians and medical students. However, studies have not previously been conducted in UK medical schools. OBJECTIVES To assess students' concussion knowledge and learning in Scottish Medical Schools. DESIGN A survey with 23 questions was distributed to Year 3-6 medical students studying in Scotland in October 2020. The survey included the following: (1) demographics, (2) concussion knowledge, e.g. 'What is the role of headgear in preventing concussion?' (3) concussion learning, 'In which part of the curriculum should concussion be taught?.' Frequencies of responses were calculated for each question. RESULTS 200 students responded (response rate 8%). The average symptoms and management score were 87.3% and 31% respectively. 15% of participants knew that headgear has no role in preventing concussions and one participant identified the minimum "return to sport" timeframes for adults and children. 15% had learnt about concussion at medical school with 92.5% interested in receiving concussion teaching at medical school. CONCLUSION Knowledge gaps exist in managing and preventing sports-related concussion. There is a discrepancy between levels of concussion teaching and the desire and importance placed on concussion education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Adams
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samantha Fawkner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steffan A Griffin
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, London, UK.,Centre for Sport and Exercise, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sullivan K, Kinmond S, Singaravelu Jaganathan K. Postconcussion discharge advice does not improve concussion knowledge in a community sample. Inj Prev 2022; 28:507-512. [PMID: 35701109 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor concussion knowledge in the community has been linked to reduced injury identification. This study investigated if concussion knowledge could be improved by providing standard postinjury advice (written brochure). METHODS This study was a prospective, controlled study, with random allocation of 199 Australian adults to receive either a concussion information (CI, n=101), or non-CI (n=98). All participants completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey on three occasions: pre-education and posteducation, and 1 week later. RESULTS A 2 (condition) × 3 (occasion) mixed analysis of variance with concussion knowledge as the dependent variable did not find a statistically significant interaction (p>0.05). This result was unchanged: (1) with the covariate addition of background education and; (2) in a subgroup analysis (individuals with initially 'low' self-rated knowledge). Some key misconceptions about concussion were identified. CONCLUSION The community knowledge of concussion was not significantly improved by the concussion advice. Since injury recognition relies ton an extent on community knowledge, the identified misconceptions should be addressed. This could occur via public health messaging. In clinical settings and for future research, the next steps should also include regular updating of concussion information to keep pace with advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kannan Singaravelu Jaganathan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Forsdike K, Donaldson A, Seal E. Responding to Violence Against Women in Sport: Challenges Facing Sport Organizations in Victoria, Australia. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:352-367. [PMID: 33296293 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1844857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Violence against women is a global epidemic. Such violence occurs in sport, although previous research has focused on child/youth sexual abuse or elite sport. Despite sport being identified as having a role in preventing violence against women, little is known about how sport organizations respond to violence against adult women in community sport. Methods: Twenty-two individual participants from 12 sports organizations based in Victoria, Australia participated in this empirical and applied Concept Mapping study to explore the perceived challenges sports organizations face in responding to violence against women. Concept Mapping is a mixed-method participatory approach and we analyzed the results using a socio-ecological framework. Results: Sports administrators considered training-related challenges as the most important but most difficult to address. Challenges related to organizational capacity/social environment were perceived as easier but less important to address. Conclusions: Key initiatives can be developed to support sport organizations to respond to violence against women in sport, but they will need assistance to prioritize initiatives addressing the most important challenges given a perceived lack of capacity to do so.
Collapse
|
12
|
Carter PN, Hall EE, Ketcham CJ, Ahmed OH. Not Just for Dancing? A Content Analysis of Concussion and Head Injury Videos on TikTok. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:692613. [PMID: 34778757 PMCID: PMC8580295 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.692613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms are an accessible and increasingly used way for the public to gather healthcare-related information, including on sports injuries. "TikTok" is currently one of the fastest-growing social media platforms worldwide, and it is especially popular amongst adolescents and young adults. The widespread use and popularity of TikTok suggests that this platform has potential to be a source for healthcare information for younger individuals. The aim of this study was to gain a preliminary understanding of the concussion/head injury-related information on TikTok, and to gauge if TikTok could serve as a platform for concussion education. This exploratory study used a systematic search strategy to understand more about how concussion is being portrayed through TikTok videos. Using the keywords "concussion" and "head injury," 200 videos were downloaded from TikTok and 43 videos were excluded. Of the 92 videos retrieved using the keyword "concussion," 95% (n = 88) had more than 100,000 views and 6% (n = 10) had been viewed more than 10 million times. Over half, 54% (n = 50) of the "concussion" videos depicted individuals "playing around" and getting hit in the head, whilst only 1% (n = 1) of the TikTok videos were categorized as "explaining concussion facts." The large numbers of views of concussion-related TikTok videos demonstrates the popularity of this platform and indicates that healthcare organizations should consider TikTok as a potential means for concussion education amongst younger individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyton N Carter
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States.,Elon BrainCARE Research Institute, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States
| | - Eric E Hall
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States.,Elon BrainCARE Research Institute, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States
| | - Caroline J Ketcham
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States.,Elon BrainCARE Research Institute, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States
| | - Osman H Ahmed
- Elon BrainCARE Research Institute, Elon University, Elon, NC, United States.,Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Makovec Knight J, Nguyen JVK, Mitra B, Willmott C. Soft-shell headgear, concussion and injury prevention in youth team collision sports: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044320. [PMID: 34083330 PMCID: PMC8183293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between soft-shell headgear (HG) use and sports-related concussion (SRC). Secondary objectives were to assess the association between HG and superficial head injury and investigate potential increase in injury risk among HG users. DESIGN A systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus was conducted in April 2020. Inclusion criteria were youth <18, English language, in vivo studies published after 1980 that evaluated SRC and other injury incidence in HG users compared with non-users. OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rates of SRC, superficial head injury or other injuries. RESULTS Eight studies were eligible. The majority (n=5) reported no difference in the rate of SRC among HG users versus non-users. One rugby study identified significantly lower risk of SRC for non-HG users (risk ratio (RR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98) compared with HG users, whereas a cross-sectional survey of soccer players indicated higher risk of SRC for non-HG users (RR 2.65; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.12) compared with HG users. Three of the four studies investigating superficial head injury found no significant differences with HG use, though the soccer survey reported reduced risk among HG users (RR 1.86; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.11). Increased incidence of injuries to all body regions for rugby HG users was reported in two studies with adjusted RRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.29) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.50). CONCLUSIONS HG use was not associated with reduced rates of SRC or superficial head injury in youth soccer and rugby. The possibility of increased injury risk to all body regions for rugby HG users was raised. The need for research specific to youth and female athletes was highlighted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018115310.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Makovec Knight
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack V K Nguyen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Willmott
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DiGuglielmo DM, Milef GM, Moore JB, Kelley ME, Powers AK, Stitzel JD, Urban JE. Effect of Coach Feedback and Awareness of Head Impact Exposure on Practice Structure in Youth Football. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1389-1398. [PMID: 33397198 PMCID: PMC8082724 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the concern of concussion risk and repetitive head impacts in youth football, organizations have adopted rules that limit contact during practice. However, rule changes are not ubiquitous among organizations and are challenging to monitor and enforce. Ultimately, football practice activities are determined by coaches, but it is unknown whether providing objective data to coaches relating activities to their athletes' head impact exposure (HIE) would alter practice structure or help reduce HIE. This study evaluated the effect of coach awareness of HIE on practice structure over time. Head impact data from three intervention (56 players) and three control (38 players) teams were collected over two youth football seasons. Athletes were instrumented with the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System and time-synchronized video was recorded for practices and games. Impact frequencies and head accelerations were compiled into weekly HIE practice and game reports and shared with the head coach of each intervention team. Time per drill, impact rate, and impact magnitude were compared across three time frames (pre-season, mid-season, and late-season) using generalized linear models. Control teams had higher impact rates than intervention teams in all drills across time frames. Among all teams, 95th percentile linear and rotational accelerations were highest during mid-season. Among intervention teams, more time was spent on scrimmage and skill development from pre-season to late-season, with less time spent on tackling. This study suggests that receiving objective data informing HIE in practice may contribute to changes in practice structure and help inform intervention efforts to improve head impact safety in football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. DiGuglielmo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriella M. Milef
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mireille E. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander K. Powers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel D. Stitzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jillian E. Urban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reyes J, Mitra B, Makdissi M, Clifton P, Nguyen JVK, Harcourt P, Howard TS, Cameron PA, Rosenfeld JV, Major BP, Willmott C. Visible Signs of Concussion and Cognitive Screening in Community Sports. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:122-130. [PMID: 33678008 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Video surveillance and detection of players with visible signs of concussion by experienced medical staff facilitates rapid on-field screening of suspected concussion in professional sports. This method, however has not been validated in community sports where video footage is unavailable. This study aimed to explore the utility of visible signs of concussion to identify players with decrements in performance on concussion screening measures. In this observational prospective cohort study, personnel with basic training observed live matches across a season (60 matches) of community male and female Australian football for signs of concussion outlined in the community-based Head Injury Assessment form (HIAf). Players identified to have positive signs of concussion (CoSign+) following an impact were compared with players without signs (CoSign-). Outcome measures, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3) and Cogstate, were administered at baseline and post-match. CoSign+ (n = 22) and CoSign- (n = 61) groups were similar with respect to age, sex, education, baseline mood, and medical history. CoSign+ players exhibited worse orientation, concentration, and recall, and slower reaction time in attention and working memory tasks. Comparing individual change from baseline to post-match assessment revealed 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84-100%) of CoSign+ players demonstrated clinically significant deficits on SCAT3 or Cogstate tasks, compared with 59% (95% CI: 46-71%) of CoSign- players. All CoSign+ players observed to have a blank/vacant look demonstrated clinically significant decline on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC). Detection of visible signs of concussion represents a rapid, real-time method for screening players suspected of concussion in community sports where video technology and medical personnel are rarely present. Consistent with community guidelines, it is recommended that all CoSign+ players be immediately removed from play for further concussion screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Reyes
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack V K Nguyen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Harcourt
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teresa S Howard
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Cameron
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan P Major
- Monash University & Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Willmott
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Concussion in Motorsport? Experience, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Priorities of Medical Personnel and Drivers. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30:568-577. [PMID: 30113965 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess concussion experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of motorsport medical personnel and drivers and to determine priority areas regarding concussion within the sport. DESIGN Sequential mixed-method design. Part 1: stakeholder interviews; part 2: cross-sectional online survey. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Part 1: key motorsport stakeholders (N = 8); part 2: motorsport medical personnel and drivers (N = 209) representing amateur and/or professional 4-wheeled motorsport. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion experience, knowledge, attitudes, and perceived priority areas. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of surveyed drivers (age = 37.91 ± 13.49 years: 89% male) reported suffering from concussion in motorsport. Eighty-seven percent of surveyed medical personnel (age = 48.60 ± 10.68 years: 74% male) reported experience with concussed drivers, and 34% reported feeling pressured to clear a driver with concussion. Gaps in knowledge and misperceptions about concussion were reported in both groups, and disparity between concussion attitudes emerged between drivers and medical personnel. Application of assessment and management procedures varied between medical personnel and there was evidence motorsport policy and concussion guidelines may not be directly followed. According to both medical personnel (77%) and drivers (85%), "education and training" is the top priority area for the sport. CONCLUSIONS There is clear evidence of concussions in motorsport, but accurate knowledge about this injury is missing. Concussion education and training for all drivers and medical personnel is required. Additional investigations into concussion attitudes are advised to complement and advance simple educational initiatives. Further investigation is also required to determine how to best support motorsport medical personnel, and general practitioners, who hold significant responsibility in guiding drivers from diagnosis to return to racing, and to support the effective implementation of policy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Black AM, Yeates KO, Babul S, Nettel-Aguirre A, Emery CA. Association between concussion education and concussion knowledge, beliefs and behaviours among youth ice hockey parents and coaches: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038166. [PMID: 32830117 PMCID: PMC7445332 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between self-reported exposure to concussion education and knowledge, beliefs and self-reported behaviour among parents and coaches of youth ice hockey players. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community ice hockey teams from Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Parents and coaches of ice hockey players (ages 11-17, all divisions of play). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed a questionnaire developed and validated to measure concussion knowledge, beliefs and concussion management behaviour (ie, coaches removing athletes from play; parents taking children with suspected concussions to physicians) consistent with the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). The questionnaire examined specific HAPA constructs (ie, risk perception, outcome expectancies, action self-efficacy, intention, action planning, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy) relevant to concussion management behaviour. RESULTS Participants included 786 parents (31.8% with coaching experience) and 10 non-parent coaches. Of the participants, 649 (82.6%) previously received concussion education. Based on a multivariable regression analysis adjusting for coaching experience, previous history of a child sustaining one or more concussions, first aid experience and cluster by team, exposure to concussion education was associated with a mean score difference of 1.36 (95% CI 0.68 to 2.03), p<0.0001, in the knowledge score. Exposure to concussion education was not significantly associated with any of the HAPA constructs based on Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. CONCLUSION Exposure to concussion education may be associated with small overall differences in concussion knowledge but may not be associated with significant differences in beliefs or intended behaviours related to concussion management among youth hockey parents and coaches.When providing education or recommendations for concussion education sources to coaches and parents, educational strategies grounded in behavioural change theory that specifically target the motivators of behavioural change should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Psychology, Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Snegireva N, Derman W, Patricios J, Welman KE. Awareness and Perceived Value of Eye Tracking Technology for Concussion Assessment among Sports Medicine Clinicians: A Multinational Study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:165-172. [PMID: 31322973 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1645577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The awareness of concussion as a serious and frequently occurring sports injury and its management has evolved significantly. One viable objective diagnostic tool is eye tracking technology. The authors hypothesized that while clinicians may be aware that assessing eye movements in concussed athletes can be beneficial, it is possible that, due to the novelty of the eye tracking technology and limited exposure, only a few actually use it in their practice. The study aimed to assess the awareness of eye movement deficits associated with concussion amongst sports medicine clinicians and to determine the utilization and perceptions of the eye tracking technology for concussion diagnosis.Methods: An online 18-question survey was distributed internationally from January until December 2017 and completed by 171 sports medicine clinicians (sport physicians, therapists, general practitioners, neuropsychologists) from 32 countries.Results: Respondents indicated that subjectivity of assessments remained a major limitation of established diagnostic tools. Eye tracking technology, despite its potential to attenuate this limitation, was only used by 12% of respondents. To diagnose concussion, 77% did not use any eye movement assessment tools other than own clinical assessment. With the exception of abnormal pupil light reflex, which was checked by 68%, eye movement deficits were inspected by less than half of the respondents (46.3 ± 12%).Conclusion: Even among sports medicine clinicians who regularly attend to patients with concussions, there is insufficient awareness that concussion can lead to abnormal eye tracking behavior. Lack of exposure to the sensitive eye tracking equipment may be a limiting factor for using eye movement metrics for concussion diagnostics. Facilitating the awareness of objective methods, like eye tracking technology, may help assure the appropriate continuum of identification and treatment for concussed athletes. Increasing educational opportunities and practical experience of clinicians regarding concussive symptoms and potential innovative technology is strongly advocated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Snegireva
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Institute for Sport and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen E Welman
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clark R, Stanfill AG. A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators for Concussion Reporting Behavior Among Student Athletes. J Trauma Nurs 2020; 26:297-311. [PMID: 31714490 DOI: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing attention to concussion safety, many young athletes still do not report concussion-like symptoms to athletic staff. This systematic review was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators to reporting of concussions by high school and collegiate athletes. The review was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Cochrane Library. Original research articles were deemed eligible if they contained either qualitative or quantitative data on barriers and facilitators of high school and collegiate athletes self-reporting concussion symptoms to athletic staff. For those articles that met inclusion criteria, both authors critically read each article, summarized reasons given by the authors, and then categorized this information into a barrier or a facilitator of concussion-reporting behavior. Of the 878 articles returned, 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Major facilitators were female sex and younger age. Major barriers were a fear of losing current or future playing time, a misconception that concussive injury is not serious, a fear of letting one's team down, and a lack of knowledge of concussion signs and symptoms. Future interventions should address these issues, incorporate primary and secondary prevention strategies, and emphasize the long-term risks of playing while concussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricketta Clark
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kennedy MD, Knight CJ, Falk Neto JH, Uzzell KS, Szabo SW. Futureproofing triathlon: expert suggestions to improve health and performance in triathletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:1. [PMID: 31938548 PMCID: PMC6953181 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Given the multi-modal nature of triathlon (swimming, cycling, running), training for a triathlon event has numerous potential health benefits including physical fitness. However, triathletes also have a high prevalence of health issues including overuse injury, illness, fatigue, and burnout. To address the ongoing prevalence of health issues, roundtable discussions were organized at the International Triathlon Union Science of Triathlon 2017 conference to develop strategic objectives deemed necessary to “futureproof triathlon”. Futureproofing as a concept serves to design new approaches and ways of thinking to reduce consequences in the future. In this case, the futureproof process aimed to develop key recommendations for triathlon. Methods This qualitative study had 22 participants including athletes, coaches, practitioners, academics, and policy makers who participated in roundtable discussions at the Science of Triathlon conference. Seven of these participants completed follow-up semi-structured interviews on the same topics. The data collected from the roundtable discussions and the semi-structured interviews was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Five main themes were produced: “Critical appraisal and application of knowledge”; “Integrated approaches to developing, disseminating, and using research and expertise”; “Appropriate development and use of measures for monitoring training and recovery”; “Knowing your athletes and adopting holistic approaches to athlete/person-development”, and; “Challenging accepted cultural and sporting norms”. Participants indicated the need to reduce the knowledge gap between research and practice as well as a more collaborative approach to triathlon research development amongst coaches/practitioners and academics. It was stated that current monitoring tools require more research to determine which are most useful to informed decision making for coaches/practitioners. It was cautioned that data driven assessments should be used judiciously and be athlete centered. Triathlon as a sport should also have a greater focus on healthy participation and development of youth athletes. Conclusions A series of applied implications were developed based on these five themes as guiding principles for how to futureproof triathlon. Additionally, roundtable and interview participants who held varying positions and opinions within the sport of triathlon agreed that the unique challenge of training for and competing in a triathlon should not be forgotten in the futureproofing of the sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kennedy
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Camilla J Knight
- 2School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Joao Henrique Falk Neto
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Katie S Uzzell
- 2School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sara W Szabo
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo D, Verweel L, Reed N. Exploring Gaps in Concussion Knowledge and Knowledge Translation Among Coaches of Youth Female Hockey. Clin J Sport Med 2019; 29:486-493. [PMID: 31688180 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the level of concussion knowledge of youth female hockey coaches and to identify preferred methods of knowledge translation for this population. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Participants independently completed written surveys before in-person concussion information sessions or online surveys through link provided in emails. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sampling yielded 130 coaches of youth female hockey from Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge level on concussion, resources from which coaches obtained information on concussion, opinions on the current level of concussion knowledge, and knowledge translation. RESULTS Coaches demonstrated adequate knowledge on concussion, achieving 84% correct on true-false questions and 92% correct on symptom identification accuracy. However, coaches showed limited awareness of concussion specific to mechanisms for injury (identification) and postconcussion symptoms. Internet resources were rated as the most used resources for concussion yet were not rated very helpful. Nonetheless, coaches indicated online courses and web sites as the most preferred method for concussion knowledge translation. CONCLUSIONS Youth female hockey coaches have overall adequate knowledge of concussion; however, gaps in knowledge do exist. Future efforts to raise the concussion knowledge among coaches of female youth hockey should include information specific to the mechanism of injury, along with sign and symptom identification, with particular attention paid to emotional symptoms. Given the reported preferences and the widespread availability of the Internet, further exploration and research validation of online courses and web sites tailored to the youth female hockey community is encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Guo
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Verweel
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Daugherty J, DePadilla L, Sarmiento K. Effectiveness of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HEADS UP coaches' online training as an educational intervention. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2019; 78:784-797. [PMID: 31530957 PMCID: PMC6747698 DOI: 10.1177/0017896919846185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussions are common among youth athletes. Responsibility for the recognition and management of concussion is often put on coaches. To equip coaches with appropriate knowledge and skills, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the HEADS UP: Concussion in Youth Sports online training. OBJECTIVES To determine whether HEADS UP coaches' training improves knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions. METHODS Knowledge questions were grouped into scales by level of difficulty. Differences between pre-and post-test scores were calculated based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Z-score and effect sizes were interpreted. RESULTS Coaches displayed a high level of knowledge in the pre-test. While lower difficulty questions did not show improvement from pre- to post-test, moderate and high difficulty questions did. Use of the training was associated with improved knowledge about symptom resolution, return-to-play recommendations and under-reporting of incidents of concussion. Coaches demonstrated improvement in five of the seven concussion-related attitude and behavioural intention items post training. CONCLUSION HEADS UP training improved coaches' knowledge on select topics and helped them feel more comfortable about responding to concussion among their athletes. This study provides insight into how to better focus future HEADS UP concussion health education efforts to fit coaches' informational needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Daugherty
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lara DePadilla
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fortington LV, West L, Morgan D, Finch CF. Implementing automated external defibrillators into community sports clubs/facilities: a cross-sectional survey of community club member preparedness for medical emergencies. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000536. [PMID: 31275605 PMCID: PMC6579571 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a growing focus on ensuring the availability of automated external defibrillators (AED) in sport settings to assist in preventing sudden cardiac death. For the AED to be most effective, understanding how best to integrate it with wider risk management and emergency action plans (EAP) is needed. The aim of this survey was to identify sports club/facility member knowledge of AED use and club EAPs, 6 months following participation in a government-funded AED provision and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training programme. Methods Cross-sectional survey of community sports clubs and facilities in Victoria, Australia. Included participants were members of sports club/facilities that had been provided with an AED and basic first aid training as part of a government programme to increase access to, and awareness of, AEDs. A descriptive analysis of availability of EAPs and AEDs, together with practical scenarios on AED use and maintenance, is presented. Results From 191 respondents, more than half (56%) had no previous training in AED use. Knowledge on availability of an EAP at the club/facility was varied: 53% said yes and knew where it was located, while 41% did not have, or did not know if they had, an EAP. Responses to clinical scenarios for use of AED were mostly accurate, with the exception of being unsure how to respond when ‘a participant falls to the ground and is making shaking movements.’ Conclusions While there were positive outcomes from this programme, such as half of the respondents being newly trained in emergency first aid response, further improvements are required to assist members with embedding their AED into their club/facility EAP and practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University-Joondalup Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Liam West
- Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damian Morgan
- Federation Business School, Federation University Australia, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University-Joondalup Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
New Zealand Caregiver Knowledge of Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. BRAIN IMPAIR 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children. However, their caregivers’ knowledge and understanding of symptoms may influence how the injury is managed.Primary objective:To investigate the knowledge of New Zealand (NZ) parents about TBI and concussion.Method and procedures:Parents (n = 205) of children aged 5–13 years completed a pen-and-paper or online survey containing questions examining their knowledge of TBI terminology, TBI symptoms and knowledge about concussion management.Main outcomes and results:A high proportion (61%) of parents did not think that a concussion was the same as a brain injury. Loss of consciousness (LOC) was the most endorsed symptom of TBI. However, 69% of participants were aware that TBI could occur without LOC. On average, parents correctly identified 19.5 (67.3%) of the 29 symptoms of TBI, but also identified 2.0 (11.9%) of the 17 distractor symptoms as being TBI related. Demographic factors and experience of TBI/concussion were associated with TBI symptom identification accuracy and concussion knowledge.Conclusions:Further education of parents is needed to ensure they recognise the signs and symptoms of concussion/mild TBI so that they can make informed decisions on how best to manage their child’s injury.
Collapse
|
25
|
Predictors of Collegiate Student-Athletes' Concussion-Related Knowledge and Behaviors. Can J Neurol Sci 2019; 46:575-584. [PMID: 31124763 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2019.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore student-athletes' concussion-related knowledge and attitudes toward reporting symptoms, demographic predictors of knowledge and attitudes, and determine whether responses to the survey changed following an online educational intervention. METHODS A total of 108 Division I student-athletes enrolled at a large southern university completed a survey evaluating knowledge regarding concussion-related terminology, symptoms and recovery trajectories, as well as attitudes toward reporting symptoms following a possible concussion. Student-athletes completed the questionnaire both 24-48 h before and one week after reviewing the educational presentation. RESULTS At baseline, participants correctly identified 72% of concussion symptoms included in the questionnaire, as well as correctly identified 75% of items related to the typical recovery trajectory post-concussion. A total of 54% of baseline attitudes toward reporting symptoms matched clinical best practices. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that male sex and non-Caucasian race were associated with worse baseline knowledge of concussion symptoms. Concussion knowledge was not associated with attitudes toward reporting symptoms. Paired samples t-tests indicated that knowledge of concussion-related terminology improved modestly following the educational presentation. CONCLUSIONS Some subsets of collegiate student-athletes show relatively lower knowledge about symptoms of concussion than others. As a result, these groups may benefit from increased educational efforts to ensure they recognize when a concussion may have occurred. Additionally, as knowledge and attitudes were unrelated and the intervention had a modest effect on knowledge but not attitudes, future work should explore interventions that are designed to directly alter attitudes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Damji F, Babul S. Improving and standardizing concussion education and care: a Canadian experience. Concussion 2018; 3:CNC58. [PMID: 30652012 PMCID: PMC6331705 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Damji
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- Associate Director, BC Injury Research & Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Niederer D, Engeroff T, Lange K, Vogt L, Banzer W. Return-to-play after concussion: state of knowledge, frequency of use and application barriers of guidelines among decision-makers in rugby. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1096-1102. [PMID: 29870281 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1483032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Validated strategies and guidelines for a safe and individualized diagnosis and return-to-play (RTP) after concussion in rugby are needed. Little is known about the state of knowledge, frequency of use and application barriers of state-of-the-art guidelines among decision-makers in professional or semi-professional rugby teams. Participants (n = 195) from the coaching team (head coach, assistance coach, athletic coach), the medical team (physiotherapist, physician, rehabilitation therapist, neuropsychologist), or from the officials of a professional or semi-professional rugby team (top three major leagues in Germany), filled in a questionnaire on their knowledge, frequency of use and application barriers of evidence-based guidelines (Graduated RTP protocol and The 5R). Depending on their function in the team and on the league of play, the state of knowledge and application of the diagnostic tools and the RTP guidelines differ. A considerable number are aware of one or both guidelines, but do not apply these guidelines (up to 27% of respondants). The main reasons for the non-usage were not my decision (59%), use of concurrent guidelines (54%), each player must decide by his own (36%), never experienced a concussion in my players (30%), other (19%), the guideline is useless (18%) and a player may play despite a concussion (14%). Raising awareness of the state-of-the-art guidelines is important to educate further the coaching, medical and official team members in identifying symptoms and executing the RTP-process in accordance with evidence-based strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niederer
- a Department of Sports Medicine , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- a Department of Sports Medicine , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kevin Lange
- a Department of Sports Medicine , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- a Department of Sports Medicine , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- a Department of Sports Medicine , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sullivan L, Molcho M. What do coaches want to know about sports-related concussion? A needs assessment study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:102-108. [PMID: 30356480 PMCID: PMC6180547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the concussion-related training and education needs of Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) coaches in Ireland, as well as the preferred method of concussion education delivery. METHODS We used a self-report questionnaire to collect data from a convenience sample of 108 GAA coaches in Ireland. Data were captured on (1) informational needs and desires, (2) preferred methods of delivery, and (3) concussion practices and procedures. Questionnaires were completed electronically from June 3rd-September 29th, 2015. RESULTS Coaches indicated that they were most interested in receiving information about the (1) signs and symptoms of concussion, (2) assessment of concussion, and (3) return-to-play guidelines. Over two-thirds of participants indicated that in-person training would be the most effective mode of delivery of concussion education for this population. Additionally, only 10% coaches reported that before the start of the season they talked to their athletes about concussion management and safety, and this was more common among coaches who reported being formally educated about concussion. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a disconnect between the concussion education needs and the education that is currently provided to GAA coaches, in terms of content and delivery modality. Our results suggest a need for a multifaceted approach to concussion education, tailored to the needs and learning preferences of the target population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sullivan
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Health Promotion, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michal Molcho
- School of Arts, Social Sciences, and Celtic Studies, Children's Studies Programme, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Welch Bacon CE, Kay MC, Weber ML, Tierney DK, Valovich McLeod TC. School Nurses' Perceived Challenges With Concussion Management Procedures in the Secondary School Setting. SAGE Open Nurs 2018; 4:2377960818798437. [PMID: 33415205 PMCID: PMC7774346 DOI: 10.1177/2377960818798437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
School nurses have an integral role in managing student health concerns throughout the school day, yet little is known about their specific role in concussion management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the challenges encountered by school nurses regarding concussion management in the secondary school setting. Twenty-two school nurses employed in the secondary school setting were interviewed via phone. We analyzed the data via the consensual qualitative research paradigm. Overall, we found school nurses face consistent challenges with their role on the concussion management team, specifically related to education of school personnel, parents, and community health-care providers. Challenging topics included the inconsistency of community health-care provider recommendations and others' perceptions of school nurses' preparation and training to be important members of the concussion management team. Efforts to increase concussion education and improve communication across all stakeholders of the concussion management team should be implemented.
Collapse
|
30
|
Athletic Trainers’ Perceived Challenges Toward Comprehensive Concussion Management in the Secondary School Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC THERAPY AND TRAINING 2018. [DOI: 10.1123/ijatt.2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Available financial and personnel resources often dictate the specifics of concussion policies and procedures in the secondary school setting. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore athletic trainers’ perceived challenges toward comprehensive concussion management in the secondary school setting. The findings indicate several challenges exist toward concussion management in the secondary school, including facility, personnel, and community resources, education levels of various stakeholders, and general perceptions of concussion and athletic trainers. It is important to identify challenges athletic trainers may face in order to develop strategies to align current concussion management procedures with current best practices.
Collapse
|
31
|
Salisbury D, Kolessar M, Callender L, Bennett M. Concussion knowledge among rehabilitation staff. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2017; 30:33-37. [PMID: 28127126 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2017.11929519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A concussion knowledge survey was completed by 561 rehabilitation professionals across a wide range of disciplines in a nationwide rehabilitation hospital system. Item questions were structured to reflect key areas of concussion knowledge targeted in a prior consensus statement. The vast majority of staff provided responses consistent with the current concussion literature regarding concussion diagnosis and symptom presentation immediately after concussion. Greater variability was seen for items assessing beliefs about the typical recovery from concussion, best care practices, and long-term effects from concussion. Factors such as profession, years of experience, and work with concussion or traumatic brain injury were not consistently related to better performance on the survey. Prior concussion-focused education/training was related to better survey performance. This survey highlights the pressing need to educate frontline health providers regarding concussion recovery and best care practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Salisbury
- Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation (Salisbury, Kolessar, Callender) and Baylor Scott & White Health (Bennett), Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Kolessar
- Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation (Salisbury, Kolessar, Callender) and Baylor Scott & White Health (Bennett), Dallas, Texas
| | - Librada Callender
- Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation (Salisbury, Kolessar, Callender) and Baylor Scott & White Health (Bennett), Dallas, Texas
| | - Monica Bennett
- Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation (Salisbury, Kolessar, Callender) and Baylor Scott & White Health (Bennett), Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
White PE, Donaldson A, Sullivan SJ, Newton J, Finch CF. Australian Football League concussion guidelines: what do community players think? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 2:e000169. [PMID: 28890801 PMCID: PMC5566260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing concussion in sport is a global challenge. To assess community-level adult male Australian Football players’ views on following the Australian Football League's (AFL) concussion guidelines. Methods 3 focus groups, each comprising 6 players from 1 regional league, were conducted until saturation of issues raised. Discussions followed a semistructured script and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted by 2 coders independently. Results Identified advantages of the guidelines included highlighting the seriousness of concussion; changing the culture around playing with concussion and shifting return-to-play decision responsibility from players to others. Disadvantages included players being removed from play unnecessarily; removal of players’ rights to decide if they are fit to play and players changing their behaviours to avoid being removed from play. Identified facilitators to guideline use included local league enforcement; broad information dissemination and impartial medically trained staff to assess concussion. Identified barriers to guideline use included players’ desire to play at all costs; external pressure that encouraged players to return to play prematurely; and inconvenience and cost. Conclusions Players generally understand that the AFL concussion guidelines protect their long-term welfare. However, their desire to play at all costs and help their team win is a common barrier to reporting concussion and adhering to guidelines. Leagues should take a lead role by mandating and enforcing the use of the guidelines and educating coaches, game day medical providers and players. The return-to-play component of the guidelines is complex and needs further consideration in the context of community sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peta E White
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - S John Sullivan
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joshua Newton
- Faculty of Business and Law, Deakin Business School, Deakin University Melbourne Burwood Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Griffin SA, Ranson C, Moore I, Mathema P. Concussion knowledge and experience among Welsh amateur rugby union coaches and referees. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000174. [PMID: 29259806 PMCID: PMC5731226 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rugby union is a collision sport where participants are at high risk of sustaining a concussion. In settings where there is little qualified medical supervision, certain stakeholders (eg, coaches and officials) should possess sufficient knowledge in regard to the recognition and management of concussion. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of various aspects of concussion among coaches and referees involved in Welsh amateur rugby union. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to 1843 coaches and 420 referees. Results A total of 333 coaches and 283 referees completed the questionnaire (18% and 68% response rates, respectively). Participants exhibited greater knowledge of concussion symptom recognition relative to knowledge of both the consequences of concussion and associated return-to-play protocols, both of which could be considered poor. There were no differences in knowledge levels between coaches and referees or between participants with or without a history of concussion. Two-thirds of participants incorrectly believed that headgear could prevent concussion, and nearly 30% of coaches reported having witnessed other coaches allowing a potentially concussed player to continue playing. Conclusions Identification of several misconceptions indicates that concussion management within Welsh amateur rugby union needs to be improved, warranting a multi-faceted educational intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Ranson
- Sports injury Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Isabel Moore
- Sports injury Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saw R, Finch CF, Samra D, Baquie P, Cardoso T, Hope D, Orchard JW. Injuries in Australian Rules Football: An Overview of Injury Rates, Patterns, and Mechanisms Across All Levels of Play. Sports Health 2017; 10:208-216. [PMID: 28825878 PMCID: PMC5958447 DOI: 10.1177/1941738117726070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The nature of Australian rules football (Australian football) predisposes both unique and common injuries compared with those sustained in other football codes. The game involves a combination of tackling, kicking, high-speed running (more than other football codes), and jumping. Two decades of injury surveillance has identified common injuries at the professional level (Australian Football League [AFL]). OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of injuries in Australian rules football, including injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play. STUDY DESIGN A narrative review of AFL injuries, football injury epidemiology, and biomechanical and physiological attributes of relevant injuries. RESULTS The overall injury incidence in the 2015 season was 41.7 injuries per club per season, with a prevalence of 156.2 missed games per club per season. Lower limb injuries are most prevalent, with hamstring strains accounting for 19.1 missed games per club per season. Hamstring strains relate to the volume of high-speed running required in addition to at times having to collect the ball while running in a position of hip flexion and knee extension. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are also prevalent and can result from contact and noncontact incidents. In the upper limb, shoulder sprains and dislocations account for 11.5 missed games per club per season and largely resulted from tackling and contact. Concussion is less common in AFL than other tackling sports but remains an important injury, which has notably become more prevalent in recent years, theorized to be due to a more conservative approach to management. Although there are less injury surveillance data for non-AFL players (women, community-level, children), many of these injuries appear to also be common across all levels of play. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An understanding of injury profiles and mechanisms in Australian football is crucial in identifying methods to reduce injury risk and prepare players for the demands of the game.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Saw
- Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline F. Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research
into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Ballarat,
Victoria, Australia
| | - David Samra
- The Stadium Sports Medicine Clinic,
Sydney, New South Walesm Australia
| | - Peter Baquie
- Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanusha Cardoso
- Alphington Sports Medicine Clinic,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Hope
- Peak Sports Medicine Clinic, Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
| | - John W. Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of
Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jacobsson J, Bergin D, Timpka T, Nyce JM, Dahlström Ö. Injuries in youth track and field are perceived to have multiple-level causes that call for ecological (holistic-developmental) interventions: A national sporting community perceptions and experiences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:348-355. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - D. Bergin
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Timpka
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Centre for Healthcare Development; Region Östergötland Linköping Sweden
| | - J. M. Nyce
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Ö. Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Graves JM, Klein TA. The impact of patient characteristics on nurse practitioners’ assessment and management of adolescent concussion. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:136-148. [DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
37
|
Elkington LJ, Hughes DC. Australian Institute of Sport and Australian Medical Association position statement on concussion in sport. Med J Aust 2017; 206:46-50. [DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Évaluation des connaissances autour de la commotion cérébrale dans le rugby amateur du comité Midi-Pyrénées. Sci Sports 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
39
|
Broglio SP, Baldwin G, Castellani RJ, Chrisman SP, Duma S, Hainline B, Gerstner JC, Guskiewicz K, Kutcher J, Lamba A, McCrea M, Pachman S, Randolph C, McLeod TCV. Summary of the 2015 University of Michigan Sport Concussion Summit. Concussion 2016; 1:CNC23. [PMID: 30202565 PMCID: PMC6096432 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussions surrounding concussion have made their way into the public sphere over the previous decade with media attention and coverage of the injury fueling public debate. These conversations have devolved into discussions on banning contact and collision sports and raised legal questions surrounding injury management. Questions raised about concussion eclipse what science can answer, but the University of Michigan Injury Center (MI, USA) hosted a Concussion Summit in September 2015 as a means to condense, solidify and disseminate what is currently known on the topic. Areas for discussion included concussion incidence and prevention, diagnosis and management, legislation and education, legal and social aspects and future directions. A summary of those presentations are included within.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Broglio
- NeuroTrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,NeuroTrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grant Baldwin
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara Pd Chrisman
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan Duma
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joanne C Gerstner
- School of Journalism, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,School of Journalism, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Guskiewicz
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kutcher
- The Sports Neurology Clinic, CORE Institute, Brighton, MI, USA.,The Sports Neurology Clinic, CORE Institute, Brighton, MI, USA
| | - Adria Lamba
- Georgetown University Law Center, Washington DC, USA.,Georgetown University Law Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michael McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Steven Pachman
- Montgomery McCracken, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Montgomery McCracken, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Randolph
- Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara C Valovich McLeod
- School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.,School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the proportion of US college coaches who receive annual concussion education from their institution and to describe the content and delivery modalities of this education. This study also tested the hypothesis that coaches receiving concussion education from their institution will have greater knowledge about concussions independent of other individual and institutional characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING US college sport. PARTICIPANTS College coaches in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III (n = 1818). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Self-reported receipt of education from institution, sex, sport coached, division of competition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion identification and management knowledge. RESULTS Two-thirds of coaches reported receiving informational materials about concussion from their institution. The content of the education most frequently referred to symptoms of a concussion and information about proper management of a concussion. Coaches who received educational materials from their institution were better able to identify symptoms and had more conservative responses to concussion management scenarios. Male coaches of male contact or collision teams less frequently endorsed safe or correct response as compared with female coaches of noncontact or collision teams. CONCLUSIONS Not all US college coaches receive concussion education from their institution. Male Division I coaches of male contact/collision sport are a population for whom targeted educational outreach may be particularly valuable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Education for coaches, delivered by clinicians at many institutions, is an important component of ensuring that coaches are prepared to be informed partners in supporting concussion safety.
Collapse
|
41
|
Concussed or Not? An Assessment of Concussion Experience and Knowledge Within Elite and Semiprofessional Rugby Union. Clin J Sport Med 2016; 26:320-5. [PMID: 26513391 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to assess experience and knowledge of adult concussion among international, professional and semiprofessional players, coaches, medical staff, and referees within Rugby Union. The secondary aim was to identify preferred education dissemination routes. DESIGN Questionnaires devised specifically for players, coaches, medical staff, and referees. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 370 players, 44 coaches, 40 medical staff, and 33 referees from within Wales were surveyed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of concussion, return to play guidelines and consequences of concussion were investigated along with experiences of, and attitudes towards, concussion. RESULTS The respondents had extensive experience of sustaining or witnessing rugby-related concussion. Medical staff had the greatest level of concussion knowledge, with coaches having the least. Players and coaches exhibited a disconnection between being "knocked-out" and practically applying this when managing concussion. Almost half of the players and coaches did not indicate concussion could impair performance. Eighty percent of medical staff had felt pressured to clear a concussed player. Most players (82%), coaches (66%), and referees (64%) incorrectly believed protective equipment prevents concussion. Players and coaches prefer concussion education from medical staff, whereas medical staff and referees prefer such education from governing body Web sites or training courses. CONCLUSIONS Several role-specific misconceptions and deficiencies in concussion knowledge were identified and should be targeted through education. Medical staff had the highest level of concussion knowledge and were the preferred sources of education for players and coaches. Therefore, they are encouraged to play a greater role in providing concussion education.
Collapse
|
42
|
Concussion Attitudes and Beliefs, Knowledge, and Clinical Practice: Survey of Physical Therapists. Phys Ther 2016; 96:1018-28. [PMID: 26637654 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury that may cause physical, cognitive, affective, and sleep dysfunction. Physical therapists have been identified as health care providers involved in the multidisciplinary care of a patient with concussion. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the current attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and practice of physical therapists in the treatment of patients with concussion. METHODS A 55-question electronic survey divided into 6 sections-(1) demographics, (2) current practice in concussion, (3) youth concussion legislation, (4) attitudes and beliefs toward concussion management, (5) concussion knowledge, and (6) clinical decision making-was developed and distributed online through selected American Physical Therapy Association sections. RESULTS A total of 1,272 physical therapists completed the survey. Seventy percent of the respondents (n=894) reported having concussion training. Although supportive of the role of the physical therapist in the treatment of a person with concussion, the respondents demonstrated less confidence when making return-to-play decisions. Respondents correctly answered, on average, 13 (out of 15) concussion knowledge questions, with gaps exhibited in understanding the clinical utilization of concussion severity scales, the conservative treatment of youth who sustain a concussion, and anticipated normal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after a concussion. When provided with clinical scenarios, respondents were able to recognize when a referral to a physician was indicated; however, they demonstrated variability in identifying a need for vestibular or manual physical therapy. LIMITATIONS Convenience sampling was utilized, limiting generalizability of the results of the study to the physical therapy profession as a whole. CONCLUSION Physical therapists demonstrated a solid foundation of concussion knowledge, but gaps still existed. Future professional development opportunities should be developed to target identified gaps in knowledge and current practice patterns.
Collapse
|
43
|
Makdissi M, Davis G. Using video analysis for concussion surveillance in Australian football. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:958-963. [PMID: 27006067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between various player and game factors and risk of concussion; and to assess the reliability of video analysis for mechanistic assessment of concussion in Australian football. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS All impacts and collisions resulting in concussion were identified during the 2011 Australian Football League season. An extensive list of factors for assessment was created based upon previous analysis of concussion in Australian Football League and expert opinions. The authors independently reviewed the video clips and correlation for each factor was examined. RESULTS A total of 82 concussions were reported in 194 games (rate: 8.7 concussions per 1000 match hours; 95% confidence interval: 6.9-10.5). Player demographics and game variables such as venue, timing of the game (day, night or twilight), quarter, travel status (home or interstate) or score margin did not demonstrate a significant relationship with risk of concussion; although a higher percentage of concussions occurred in the first 5min of game time of the quarter (36.6%), when compared to the last 5min (20.7%). Variables with good inter-rater agreement included position on the ground, circumstances of the injury and cause of the impact. The remainder of the variables assessed had fair-poor inter-rater agreement. Common problems included insufficient or poor quality video and interpretation issues related to the definitions used. CONCLUSIONS Clear definitions and good quality video from multiple camera angles are required to improve the utility of video analysis for concussion surveillance in Australian football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Melbourne Brain Centre, Australia; Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University, Australia; School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Gavin Davis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Melbourne Brain Centre, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Austin Hospital, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Cabrini Health, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fortington LV, Twomey DM, Finch CF. Concussion in community Australian football - epidemiological monitoring of the causes and immediate impact on play. Inj Epidemiol 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 27747752 PMCID: PMC5005765 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-015-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head injuries, particularly concussion, are a major cause of concern in many sports, particularly the football codes, driving a need to better understand injury mechanisms and potential methods of prevention. The aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms and follow up care of concussion injuries sustained in adult male community Australian football to identify target areas for prevention and management. METHODS Secondary analysis of injury data collected in a cluster randomised controlled trial in community Australian football across two states of Australia in 2007 and 2008. There were 1564 players from 18 clubs. The main outcome measures were the number and rate of head/neck/face (HNF) injuries and concussion sustained in games. A specific description of the mechanisms of the concussion injuries is presented along with the immediate return-to-play status of concussion cases. RESULTS 143 HNF injuries were sustained by 132 players. The game HNF injury incidence was 4.9 per 1000 game hours (n = 138; 95 % confidence interval 4.1; 5.7). Just under a quarter (n = 34) of all HNF injuries were recorded as concussion. All concussions occurred during games (none in training), with all but one related to body contact with other players. Overall, 68 % of the concussions were considered within game rules, while 32 % were either outside of the rules or unclear. Most (88 %) players left the field immediately following concussion but 47 % later returned to play in the same game. CONCLUSIONS Prevention strategies for concussion need to be based on knowledge of the mechanisms of injury. Most concussions in community Australian football occurred through body contact with other players or during tackling. Management of players post-concussion was generally poor with over half of the cases continuing to play in the same game. Therefore, new primary prevention strategies that target body-contact/tackling skills and improved secondary prevention measures relating to compliance with return-to-play protocols would be valuable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Fortington
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353 Australia
| | - Dara M. Twomey
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Caroline F. Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
White P, Donaldson A, Finch CF. But can someone like me do it? The importance of appropriate role modelling for safety behaviours in sports injury prevention. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:569-70. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
46
|
Mrazik M, Dennison CR, Brooks BL, Yeates KO, Babul S, Naidu D. A qualitative review of sports concussion education: prime time for evidence-based knowledge translation. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1548-53. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
47
|
Davis GA, Thurairatnam S, Feleggakis P, Anderson V, Bressan S, Babl FE. HeadCheck: A concussion app. J Paediatr Child Health 2015. [PMID: 26223748 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Davis
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Vicki Anderson
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Franz E Babl
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Frank BS, Register-Mihalik J, Padua DA. High levels of coach intent to integrate a ACL injury prevention program into training does not translate to effective implementation. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18:400-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Kemp JL, Newton JD, White PE, Finch CF. Implementation of concussion guidelines in community Australian Football and Rugby League-The experiences and challenges faced by coaches and sports trainers. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 19:305-10. [PMID: 25981181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While guidelines outlining the appropriate management of sport-related concussion have been developed and adapted for use within community sport, it remains unknown how they are experienced by those responsible for implementing them. DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS 111 coaches and sports trainers from community-level Australian Football and Rugby League teams completed pre- and post-season surveys assessing their attitudes towards using concussion guidelines. Participants also provided post-season feedback regarding their experiences in using the guidelines. RESULTS 71% of participants reported using the guidelines in the preceding season. Post-season attitude was related to pre-season attitude (p=0.002), football code (p=0.015), and team role (p=0.045). An interaction between team role and guideline use (p=0.012) was also found, with coaches who had used the guidelines, and sports trainers who had not, reporting more positive post-season attitudes towards using the concussion guidelines. Implementation challenges included disputing of decisions about return-to-play by players, parents, and coaches, and a perceived lack of time. Recommendations for improved guideline materials included using larger fonts and providing for witnessing of advice given to players. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the implementation of concussion guidelines in community sport. Training of coaches/sports trainers needs enhancement. In addition, new education should be developed for parents/players about the importance of the return-to-play advice given to them by those who follow these guidelines. Information provided by those who attempted to use the guidelines will assist the refinement of implementation and dissemination processes around concussion guidelines across sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Kemp
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Newton
- Office of the Pro Vice Chancellor, Faculty of Business and Law, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Peta E White
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Edmed SL, Sullivan KA. Diagnostic terminology is not associated with contact-sport players’ expectations of outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2015; 29:623-32. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|