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Ding D, Luo M, Infante MFP, Gunn L, Salvo D, Zapata-Diomedi B, Smith B, Bellew W, Bauman A, Nau T, Nguyen B. The co-benefits of active travel interventions beyond physical activity: a systematic review. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e790-e803. [PMID: 39393380 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Active travel is a widely recognised strategy for promoting active living but its co-benefits beyond increasing physical activity, such as broader health, environmental, and social benefits, have rarely been synthesised. We conducted a systematic review to examine the co-benefits of active travel interventions. Following a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022359059), we identified 80 studies for the search period from Jan 1, 2000, to Sept 13, 2022. Across studies, there was consistent evidence that active travel interventions offered co-benefits beyond physical activity. Particularly, 25 (71%) of 35 studies favoured improved safety outcomes, 20 (67%) of 30 showed improved health, 17 (85%) of 20 supported economic benefits, 16 (84%) of 19 highlighted improved transport quality, 12 (92%) of 13 showed environmental benefits, and four (80%) of five documented social benefits. Despite the overall low-certainty evidence, mostly limited by the quasi-experimental design and natural-experimental design of many of the studies, active travel interventions offer unique opportunities to engage stakeholders across sectors to jointly address major societal issues, such as physical inactivity, traffic safety, and carbon emissions. This evidence can inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of active travel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Gunn
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, RMIT Centre for Urban Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Smith
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Bellew
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Nau
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Binh Nguyen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Saucy A, Ortega N, Tonne C. Residential relocation to assess impact of changes in the living environment on cardio-respiratory health: A narrative literature review with considerations for exposome research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117890. [PMID: 38081343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Residential relocation studies have become increasingly valuable tools for evaluating the effects of changing living environments on human health, but little is known about their application to multiple aspects of the living environment and the most appropriate methodology. This narrative review explores the utility of residential relocation as a natural experiment for studying the impact of changing urban exposures on cardio-metabolic health in high-income settings. It provides a comprehensive overview of the use of residential relocation studies, evaluates their methodological approaches, and synthesizes findings related to health behaviors and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Our search identified 43 relevant studies published between January 1995 and February 2023, from eight countries, predominantly the USA, Canada, and Australia. The majority of eligible studies were published between 2012 and 2021 and examined changes in various domains of the living environment, such as walkability, the built and social environments, but rarely combinations of exposures. Included studies displayed heterogeneity in design and outcomes, 25 involving only movers and 18 considering both movers and non-movers. To mitigate the issue of residential self-selection bias, most studies employed a "change-in-change" design and adjusted for baseline covariates but only a fraction of them accounted for time-varying confounding. Relocation causes simultaneous changes in various features of the living environment, which presents an opportunity for exposome research to establish causal relationships, using large datasets with increased statistical power and a wide range of health outcomes, behaviors and biomarkers. Residential relocation is not a random process. Thus, studies focusing on living environment characteristics need to carefully select time-varying covariates and reference group. Overall, this review informs future research by guiding choices in study design, data requirements, and statistical methodologies. Ultimately, it contributes to the advancement of the urban exposome field and enhances our understanding of the complex relationship between urban environments and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Saucy
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Ortega
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Koene M, Chen C, Wagenaar C, Reijneveld SA. Associations between the built environment and physical activity in children, adults and older people: A narrative review of reviews. Prev Med 2024; 180:107856. [PMID: 38220061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential for promoting public health, and it is affected by the built environment at population level. Extensive evidence exists on the associations between the built environment and physical activity, but results are inconclusive for different age groups. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review summarizing existing reviews on the associations between the built environment and physical activity for children, adults and older people and synthesized their findings. METHODS We followed the PRISMA 2020 review procedure and searched for systematic reviews published between January 2010 and April 2022 in seven databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocIndex and Cochrane Library) using keywords related to the built environment, urban interventions, physical activity and health. RESULTS The selection process yielded 29 reviews with moderate to high quality. From these reviews, we identified 21 built environment characteristics, several of which were positively related to physical activity. For example, children and older people's physical activity was positively associated with pedestrian-friendly features and general safety. Furthermore, adults and older people's physical activity was positively related to the availability and accessibility of shops/commercial services and parks/open spaces. Lastly, the walkability index was positively associated with physical activity in every age group. CONCLUSION Our findings provide valuable information on creating health-promoting urban environments for practitioners. Further research is needed to understand which characteristics make urban environments age friendly for physical activity. Special attention should be paid to less explored promising characteristics such as street lighting and the quality of green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zhang
- Management College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koene
- Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Chen
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Department of Cultural Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cor Wagenaar
- Expertise Center Architecture, Urbanism and Health, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Lee C, Xu M, Zhu X, Towne SD, Sang H, Lee H, Ory MG. Moving to an Activity-Friendly Community Can Increase Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1058-1066. [PMID: 37597842 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creating activity-friendly communities (AFCs) is an important strategy to increase physical activity (PA). While cross-sectional links between community environments and PA are well documented, their causal relationships remain insufficiently explored. METHODS Using the accelerometer and survey data collected from adults who moved to an AFC (cases) and similar non-AFC-residing adults who did not move (comparisons), this pre-post, case-comparison study examines if moving to an AFC increases PA. Data came from 115 participants (cases = 37, comparisons = 78) from Austin, Texas, who completed 2 waves of 1-weeklong data collection. Difference-in-difference analyses and fixed-effect models were used to test the significance of the pre-post differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) between cases and comparisons, for the full sample and the subsample of 37 pairs matched in key covariates using the Propensity Score Matching method. RESULTS Average treatment effect generated based on Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-difference showed that moving to this AFC led to an average of 10.88 additional minutes of daily MVPA (76.16 weekly minutes, P = .015). Fixed-effect models echoed the result with an increase of 10.39 minutes of daily MVPA after moving to the AFC. We also found that case participants who were less active at baseline and had higher income increased their MVPA more than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that, among our study sample, moving to an AFC increased residents' PA significantly when compared to their premove level and the comparison group. This causal evidence suggests the potential of AFCs as sustainable interventions for PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanam Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Minjie Xu
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Health and Sustainability Program, Air Quality, Energy, and Health Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Austin, TX,USA
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Samuel D Towne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL,USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL,USA
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Huiyan Sang
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Hanwool Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
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Florindo AA, Onita BM, Knebel MTG, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Teixeira IP, Turrell G. Public Open Spaces and Leisure-Time Walking: A Longitudinal Study With Brazilian People in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1027-1033. [PMID: 37591501 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether changes in public open spaces (POS) were associated with leisure-time walking (LTW) between 2014 and 2021. METHODS The sample comprised a prospective cohort of individuals living in São Paulo City, Brazil. The baseline sample was collected in 2014/2015 (4042 people aged 12 y or older) and the second wave in 2020/2021 (1431 people aged 18 y or older, 35.4% of total). Changes in POS scores in 500-m network buffers were based on household address, including positive or negative maintenance and increases or decreases in parks, public squares, and bike paths between 2015 and 2020. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate LTW in the baseline and second wave. To examine the association of LTW with changes in POS, we used multilevel models in 4 levels: health administration areas, census tracts, individuals, and observations of individuals. The exposure was the POS tertiles, and the outcome was LTW. RESULTS Changes in LTW prevalence were observed in both periods and according to POS tertiles distributions. When adjusted for time (baseline/second wave), gender, education, and age, the highest POS tertile was significantly associated with a high likelihood for LTW (odds ratio = 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.02). CONCLUSION The results showed that people in São Paulo who lived within 500-m buffers with the highest access to POS were more likely to practice LTW between 2014/2015 and 2020/2021. These results have important implications for policies that were implemented in 2014, including the New Master Plan to contribute to São Paulo's good ranking among healthy cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Antonio Florindo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
| | - Bianca Mitie Onita
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
| | - Margarethe Thaisi Garro Knebel
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
| | - Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
| | - Inaian Pignatti Teixeira
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,Brazil
- Minas Gerais State University, Passos,Brazil
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC,Australia
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Examining activity-friendly neighborhoods in the Norwegian context: green space and walkability in relation to physical activity and the moderating role of perceived safety. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 36747160 PMCID: PMC9903513 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known health benefits of regular physical activity, inactivity remains a major public health concern. Understanding how the built environment can encourage physical activity is therefore important to inform current policy strategies for creating activity-friendly neighborhoods. This study aimed to examine whether neighborhood walkability and greenness were associated with physical activity, and if perceived safety moderated any such relations, among adult citizens in Norway. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 5670 adults aged ≥ 18 years living in urban areas of Stavanger. Information on physical activity (PA) levels, perceived neighborhood safety, and socio-demography were obtained from questionnaire data collected in the Norwegian county public health survey of Rogaland. Geographic information systems were utilized to compute walkability, vegetation scores and proportion of green space within postcode areas, which subsequently were linked to the survey data. Hierarchical linear regression models were fitted to examine associations between walkability, amount of vegetation, proportion of green space and weekly minutes of PA, and to estimate main and interaction effects of perceived safety on these relationships. RESULTS The adults were on average physically active 148.3 min/week. The amount of green vegetation in the neighborhood was positively related to physical activity when adjusting for potential confounders. No such relations were observed for proportion of green space and walkability. Perceived neighborhood safety was significantly related to increased levels of physical activity, but no moderating role of perceived safety was observed. CONCLUSION Although our findings should be interpreted with caution, the results point towards the importance of policymakers, planners, and public health professionals to advocate for safe environments with green vegetation for physical activity in the neighborhood.
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McCormack GR, Koohsari MJ, Vena JE, Oka K, Nakaya T, Chapman J, Martinson R, Matsalla G. Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1116691. [PMID: 36726629 PMCID: PMC9885132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cross-sectional studies consistently find that the neighborhood built environment (e.g., walkability) is associated with walking. However, findings from the few existing longitudinal residential relocation studies that have estimated associations between changes in neighborhood built characteristics and walking are equivocal. The study objective was to estimate whether changes in neighborhood walkability resulting from residential relocation were associated with leisure, transportation, and total walking levels among adults. Methods This study included longitudinal data from the "Alberta's Tomorrow Project"-a province-wide cohort study (Alberta, Canada). The analysis included data collected at two time points (i.e., baseline and follow-up) from 5,977 urban adults. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) captured self-reported walking. We estimated neighborhood walkability, an index capturing intersection, destination, and population counts for the 400 m Euclidean buffer around participants' homes. Using household postal codes reported at baseline and follow-up, we categorized participants into three groups reflecting residential relocation ("non-movers:" n = 5,679; "movers to less walkability:" n = 164, and; "movers to more walkability:" n = 134). We used Inverse-Probability-Weighted Regression Adjustment to estimate differences [i.e., average treatment effects in the treated (ATET)] in weekly minutes of leisure, transportation, and total walking at follow-up between residential relocation groups, adjusting for baseline walking, sociodemographic characteristics, and walkability. The median time between baseline and follow-up was 2-years. Results The three residential relocation groups mainly included women (61.6-67.2%) and had a mean age of between 52.2 and 55.7 years. Compared to "non-movers" (reference group), weekly minutes of transportation walking at follow-up was significantly lower among adults who moved to less walkable neighborhoods (ATET: -41.34, 95 CI: -68.30, -14.39; p < 0.01). We found no other statistically significant differences in walking between the groups. Discussion Our findings suggest that relocating to less walkable neighborhoods could have detrimental effects on transportation walking to the extent of adversely affecting health. Public health strategies that counteract the negative impacts of low walkable neighborhoods and leverage the supportiveness of high walkable neighborhoods might promote more walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. McCormack
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan,*Correspondence: Gavin R. McCormack ✉
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jennifer E. Vena
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jonathan Chapman
- Public Space and Mobility Policy, Planning and Development Services Department, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Graham Matsalla
- Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes has risen substantially in North America and worldwide. To address these dual epidemics, researchers and policymakers alike have been searching for effective means to promote healthy lifestyles at a population level. As a consequence, there has been a proliferation of research examining how the "built" environment in which we live influences physical activity levels, by promoting active forms of transportation, such as walking and cycling, over passive ones, such as car use. Shifting the transportation choices of local residents may mean that more members of the population can participate in physical activity during their daily routine without structured exercise programs. Increasingly, this line of research has considered the downstream metabolic consequences of the environment in which we live, raising the possibility that "healthier" community designs could help mitigate the rise in obesity and diabetes prevalence. This review discusses the evidence examining the relationship between the built environment, physical activity, and obesity-related diseases. We also consider how other environmental factors may interact with the built environment to influence metabolic health, highlighting challenges in understanding causal relationships in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian L Booth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cruz M, Drewnowski A, Bobb JF, Hurvitz PM, Moudon AV, Cook A, Mooney SJ, Buszkiewicz JH, Lozano P, Rosenberg DE, Kapos F, Theis MK, Anau J, Arterburn D. Differences in Weight Gain Following Residential Relocation in the Moving to Health (M2H) Study. Epidemiology 2022; 33:747-755. [PMID: 35609209 PMCID: PMC9378543 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhoods may play an important role in shaping long-term weight trajectory and obesity risk. Studying the impact of moving to another neighborhood may be the most efficient way to determine the impact of the built environment on health. We explored whether residential moves were associated with changes in body weight. METHODS Kaiser Permanente Washington electronic health records were used to identify 21,502 members aged 18-64 who moved within King County, WA between 2005 and 2017. We linked body weight measures to environment measures, including population, residential, and street intersection densities (800 m and 1,600 m Euclidian buffers) and access to supermarkets and fast foods (1,600 m and 5,000 m network distances). We used linear mixed models to estimate associations between postmove changes in environment and changes in body weight. RESULTS In general, moving from high-density to moderate- or low-density neighborhoods was associated with greater weight gain postmove. For example, those moving from high to low residential density neighborhoods (within 1,600 m) gained an average of 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0, 5.9) lbs 3 years after moving, whereas those moving from low to high-density neighborhoods gained an average of 1.3 (95% CI = -0.2, 2.9) lbs. Also, those moving from neighborhoods without fast-food access (within 1600m) to other neighborhoods without fast-food access gained less weight (average 1.6 lbs [95% CI = 0.9, 2.4]) than those moving from and to neighborhoods with fast-food access (average 2.8 lbs [95% CI = 2.5, 3.2]). CONCLUSIONS Moving to higher-density neighborhoods may be associated with reductions in adult weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Cruz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Philip M Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stephen J. Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James H. Buszkiewicz
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall, #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paula Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Dori E. Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Flavia Kapos
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - David Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
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Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among adults: An overview of reviews from high income countries. Health Place 2022; 77:102874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Carlson JA, Sallis JF, Jankowska MM, Allison MA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Roesch SC, Steel C, Savin KL, Talavera GA, Castañeda SF, Llabre MM, Penedo FJ, Kaplan R, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Daviglus M, Perreira KM, Gallo LC. Neighborhood built environments and Hispanic/Latino adults' physical activity in the U.S.: The Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos community and surrounding areas study. Prev Med 2022; 160:107073. [PMID: 35513129 PMCID: PMC9756587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite experiencing health inequities, less is known about neighborhood environments and physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults compared to other populations. We investigated this topic in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Hispanic/Latino adults in the San Diego, California area of the U.S. completed measures of overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) via accelerometry and domain-specific MVPA via questionnaire at Visits 1 (2008-2011; n = 4086) and 2 (2014-2017; n = 1776), ~6 years apart. 800-m home neighborhood buffers were used to create objective measures of residential, intersection, and retail density, bus/trolley stops, greenness, parks, and recreation area at Visit 1. Regression models tested the association of each neighborhood feature with MVPA at Visit 1 and over 6 years, adjusting for individual characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. At Visit 1, those in neighborhoods with higher vs. lower retail density or recreation area (+1 vs. -1 standard deviation from the mean) engaged in 10% more overall MVPA and 12-22% more active transportation. Those in neighborhoods with higher vs. lower residential density engaged in 22% more active transportation. Those in neighborhoods with higher vs. lower greenness and park count engaged in 14-16% more recreational MVPA. Neighborhood features were unassociated with changes in MVPA over 6 years. Although changes in MVPA over time were similar across neighborhoods, Hispanic/Latino adults living in neighborhoods with design features supportive of walking and recreational activity (e.g., greater residential and retail density, more parks and recreation facilities) were consistently more active. Improving neighborhood environments appears important for supporting physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marta M Jankowska
- Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott C Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Steel
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly L Savin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Christie CD, Friedenreich CM, Vena JE, Turley L, McCormack GR. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the built environment and walking: effect modification by socioeconomic status. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1233. [PMID: 35729509 PMCID: PMC9210749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to modify associations between the neighborhood built environment and physical activity, contradictory results exist. Objectives of this cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were to: 1) examine whether overall neighborhood walkability and specific built characteristics were associated with walking among adults at a single point in time and after they relocate neighborhoods, and 2) test for effect modification of these associations by SES. METHODS We linked longitudinal data from 703 adults who relocated urban neighborhoods between two waves of Alberta's Tomorrow Project (2008-2015) to neighborhood built environment data. We created a walkability index from measures of population counts, street connectivity, and destination diversity within 400 m of participants' homes. In cross-sectional analyses, we used generalized linear models to estimate associations between built characteristics and minutes walked per week at baseline. For the longitudinal analyses, we used fixed-effects linear regression models to estimate associations between changes in built characteristics and minutes walked per week. We also assessed if indicators of SES (individual education or household income) modified both sets of associations. RESULTS Most cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were small and statistically non-significant. Neighborhood population count (b = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07) and street connectivity (b = - 1.75, 95% CI: - 3.26, - 0.24) were cross-sectionally associated with walking duration among the overall sample. None of the longitudinal associations were statistically significant among the overall sample. There was limited evidence of effect modification by SES, however, we found negative cross-sectional associations between street connectivity and walking among adults with lower education and income, and a positive association between percent change in walkability and change in walking among lower educated adults. CONCLUSIONS Despite population count and street connectivity being associated with walking at baseline, changes in these built environment variables were not associated with changes in walking following residential relocation. Our findings also provide evidence, albeit weak, that changes in neighborhood walkability, resulting from residential relocation, might more strongly affect walking among low SES adults. Further longitudinal research is needed to examine built environment characteristics with walking for different purposes and to test for inequitable socioeconomic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea D Christie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd St SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.,Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2T 5C7, Canada
| | - Liam Turley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.,School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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13
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Zhu X, Ory MG, Xu M, Towne SD, Lu Z, Hammond T, Sang H, Lightfoot JT, McKyer ELJ, Lee H, Sherman LD, Lee C. Physical Activity Impacts of an Activity-Friendly Community: A Natural Experiment Study Protocol. Front Public Health 2022; 10:929331. [PMID: 35784244 PMCID: PMC9240399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.929331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stakeholders from multiple sectors are increasingly aware of the critical need for identifying sustainable interventions that promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. Activity-friendly communities (AFCs) have been known to provide opportunities for engaging in physical activity (PA) across the life course, which is a key to healthy living and healthy aging. Purpose Our purpose is to describe the study protocol developed for a research project that examines: (a) the short- and long-term changes in total levels and spatial and temporal patterns of PA after individuals move from non-AFCs to an AFC; and (b) what built and natural environmental factors lead to changes in PA resulting from such a move, either directly or indirectly (e.g., by affecting psychosocial factors related to PA). Methods This protocol is for a longitudinal, case-comparison study utilizing a unique natural experiment opportunity in Austin, Texas, USA. Case participants were those adults who moved from non-AFCs to an AFC. Matching comparison participants were residents from similar non-AFCs who did not move during the study period. Recruitment venues included local businesses, social and print media, community events, and individual referrals. Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous PA and associated spatial and temporal patterns served as the key outcomes of interest. Independent (e.g., physical environments), confounding (e.g., demographic factors), and mediating variables (e.g., psychosocial factors) were captured using a combination of objective (e.g., GIS, GPS, Tanita scale) and subjective measures (e.g., survey, travel diary). Statistical analyses will be conducted using multiple methods, including difference-in-differences models, repeated-measures linear mixed models, hierarchical marked space-time Poisson point pattern analysis, and hierarchical linear mixed models. Conclusion Natural experiment studies help investigate causal relationships between health and place. However, multiple challenges associated with participant recruitment, extensive and extended data collection activities, and unpredictable intervention schedules have discouraged many researchers from implementing such studies in community-based populations. This detailed study protocol will inform the execution of future studies to explore how AFCs impact population health across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhu
- Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marcia G. Ory
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Marcia G. Ory
| | - Minjie Xu
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel D. Towne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States,Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States,Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tracy Hammond
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Huiyan Sang
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - J. Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - E. Lisako J. McKyer
- Center for Community Health Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hanwool Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ledric D. Sherman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Chanam Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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What Happened Pre- and during COVID-19 in South Korea? Comparing Physical Activity, Sleep Time, and Body Weight Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115863. [PMID: 34072563 PMCID: PMC8199264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the changes in physical activity (PA), sleep time (ST), and body weight (BW) Pre- and during COVID-19 in South Korea, and specifically, PA data were obtained during COVID-19 at three-time points based on the multilevel social distancing policies. All data were surveyed by questionnaires online and offline, and participants were required to fill in the monthly average of daily step counts were recorded an application on participants’ smartphone devices from Pre-COVID-19 (2019 year) and during COVID-19 (2020 year). Participants were 834 adults (males: 54.4%, female: 45.6%) and all statistical analyses were summarized by SPSS 25.0 program. The monthly average of daily step counts was 6747.09 during Pre-COVID-19, but the PA during COVID-19 was 5812.11 daily step counts per month. Also, there were significant pairwise differences between average PA Pre-COVID-19 and each level of social distancing (p < 0.001). After COVID-19, the participants who slept less than 7 h decreased by 3.6%, while those who slept more than 9 h increased by that much. As a result of BW, 269 participants responded their BW changed during COVID-19, and 199 of them reported they gained BW during COVID-19 (74.0%). Although self-reported questionnaires may have led to an under-or over-estimation of ST and BW, the present study found that the environment in which the COVID-19 is prevalent had adverse relationships on PA, ST, and BW. Therefore, it is important to identify strategies to motivate individuals for remaining physically active and getting adequate sleep while maintaining social distancing due to the presence of the COVID-19 global pandemic.
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15
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Kite C, Lagojda L, Clark CCT, Uthman O, Denton F, McGregor G, Harwood AE, Atkinson L, Broom DR, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Due to Enforced COVID-19-Related Lockdown and Movement Restrictions: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5251. [PMID: 34069251 PMCID: PMC8155982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged lockdown/restriction measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have reportedly impacted opportunities to be physically active for a large proportion of the population in affected countries globally. The exact changes to physical activity and sedentary behaviours due to these measures have not been fully studied. Accordingly, the objective of this PROSPERO-registered systematic review is to evaluate the available evidence on physical activity and sedentary behaviours in the general population during COVID-19-related lockdown/restriction measures, compared to prior to restrictions being in place. Defined searches to identify eligible studies published in English, from November 2019 up to the date of submission, will be conducted using the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PSYCinfo, Coronavirus Research Database, Public Health Database, Publicly Available Content Database, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The applied inclusion criteria were selected to identify observational studies with no restrictions placed on participants, with outcomes regarding physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour during lockdown/restriction measures, and with comparisons for these outcomes to a time when no such measures were in place. Where appropriate, results from included studies will be pooled and effect estimates will be presented in random effects meta-analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review to evaluate one complete year of published data on the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown/restriction measures on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis will constitute the most up-to-date synthesis of published evidence on any such documented changes, and so will comprehensively inform clinical practitioners, public health agencies, researchers, policymakers and the general public regarding the effects of lockdown/restriction measures on both physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kite
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (C.K.); (C.C.T.C.)
- Centre for Active Living, University Centre Shrewsbury, University of Chester, Shrewsbury SY3 8HQ, UK
| | - Lukasz Lagojda
- Clinical Evidence Based Information Service (CEBIS), University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK;
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (C.K.); (C.C.T.C.)
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Olalekan Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick—Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Francesca Denton
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (F.D.); (G.M.); (A.E.H.); (D.R.B.)
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (F.D.); (G.M.); (A.E.H.); (D.R.B.)
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amy E. Harwood
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (F.D.); (G.M.); (A.E.H.); (D.R.B.)
| | - Lou Atkinson
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - David R. Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (F.D.); (G.M.); (A.E.H.); (D.R.B.)
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (C.K.); (C.C.T.C.)
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (F.D.); (G.M.); (A.E.H.); (D.R.B.)
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (C.K.); (C.C.T.C.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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16
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A longitudinal residential relocation study of changes in street layout and physical activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7691. [PMID: 33833261 PMCID: PMC8032714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few longitudinal residential relocation studies have explored associations between urban form and physical activity, and none has used the Space Syntax theory. Using a Canadian longitudinal dataset (n = 5944), we estimated: (1) differences in physical activity between non-movers, and those relocating to neighbourhoods with less or more integrated street layouts, and; (2) associations between changes in street layout integration exposure and differences in physical activity. Adjusting for covariates, we found relative to non-movers, those who moved to more integrated neighbourhoods undertook significantly (p < .05) more leisure walking (27.3 min/week), moderate-intensity (45.7 min/week), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (54.4 min/week). Among movers, a one-unit increase in the relative change in street integration exposure ([Street integration at follow-up—street integration at baseline]/street integration at baseline) was associated with a 7.5 min/week increase in leisure walking. Our findings suggest that urban design policies that improve neighbourhood street integration might encourage more physical activity in adults.
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Whybrow P, Bramley G, Brown C. 'It's just one of those natural progressions': Stories of relocating to neighbourhoods of high and low walkability. Health Place 2021; 69:102509. [PMID: 33721624 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Walkable neighbourhood characteristics, such as connectivity and land use mix, have been found to correlate with people walking more and being active. However, the relationship between the built environment and behaviour is highly complex making it difficult to develop generalisable and predictive models. This paper reports qualitative findings from 21 in-depth interviews conducted with urban residents who had relocated between neighbourhoods of high and low walkability. Participants' preferences are reported within key domains (shop access, green space and travel links). These reveal that walkable characteristics were preferred and desired regardless of whether the participant had moved to a high or low walkable area. We contrast surface preferences with an analysis of relocation stories: complex assemblages of biographical narratives, identity work and cultural representations. The findings reveal how neighbourhood types are consistently associated with life stages and that moving to a suburban home was felt to be a definitive type of relocation in which it was acceptable to put neighbourhood preferences aside. Residential self-selection is not yet properly understood and we recommend studies of relocation stories for examining the sociocultural meanings that are likely to inform relocation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whybrow
- Academy of Primary Care, Hull York Medical School, Room 328 Allam Medical Building, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - G Bramley
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Caroline Brown
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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18
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Rollin P, Bamberg S. It's All Up to My Fellow Citizens. Descriptive Norms as a Decisive Mediator in the Relationship Between Infrastructure and Mobility Behavior. Front Psychol 2021; 11:610343. [PMID: 33643113 PMCID: PMC7903973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.610343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the implementation of temporary pop-up bike lanes in Berlin, traffic counts by the city administration show an increased number of cyclists. This present paper aims to understand reasons behind this observation. To this end, we focus on the role of mobility-related descriptive social norms as mediators of this effect. Results from one correlational and two experimental online studies are reported. The correlational study confirms the expected association of mobility-related descriptive social norms and self-reported mobility behavior. Moreover, it demonstrates that, as expected, mobility-related descriptive social norms reliably reflect differences in cities’ objective transport structure and mediate the impact of these infrastructural differences on mobility behavior. Results from two online experiments provide additional causal evidence that participants use the visual cues provided by manipulated photos to form their perceived mobility-related descriptive social norms. Furthermore, the second online experiment provides evidence that the combination of infrastructural cues and observable mobility behavior has the strongest impact on perceived mobility-related descriptive social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rollin
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bamberg
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Christie CD, Consoli A, Ronksley PE, Vena JE, Friedenreich CM, McCormack GR. Associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status in Canada: a systematic review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2021; 112:152-165. [PMID: 32833139 PMCID: PMC7851286 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize literature on the associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status (SES) in Canada. METHODS Using a pre-specified study protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019117894), we searched seven databases from inception to November 2018, for peer-reviewed quantitative studies that (1) included adults with low SES living in Canada and (2) estimated the association between self-reported or objectively measured built characteristics and self-reported or objectively measured physical activity. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Findings were synthesized using a narrative approach. SYNTHESIS Of the 8338 citations identified by our search, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included adults living in one province (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, or Quebec), with one study including a national sample. All studies were cross-sectional, and none controlled for residential self-selection. Sampling designs and data collection strategies were heterogeneous. Sample sizes ranged between 78 and 37,241 participants. Most studies measured SES using household income. Street connectivity, greenness, destination density, and walkability were positively associated with physical activity. Relative to the objectively measured built environment, associations between the self-reported built environment and physical activity were less consistent. Studies were of fair to good quality. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the neighbourhood built environment is associated with physical activity among adults with low SES in Canada. More rigorous study designs are needed to determine whether or not the built environment and physical activity are causally related within this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea D Christie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Anna Consoli
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2T 5C7, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 2210 2nd St SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Hajna S, Brage S, Dalton A, Griffin SJ, Jones AP, Khaw KT, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Panter J. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between active living environments and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Health Place 2020; 67:102490. [PMID: 33321456 PMCID: PMC7883217 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The environments in which young and middle-aged adults live may influence their physical activity (PA) behaviours. These associations are less clear among older adults. We estimated cross-sectional and prospective associations of population density, junction density, and land use mix and perceived active living environments with accelerometer-assessed PA in a cohort of older adults. Adults living in more dense and mixed neighbourhoods had less optimal activity profiles at baseline and less optimal changes in activity. Better perceptions were associated with more overall PA at baseline. Interventions for older adults may wish to target individuals living in more dense and mixed neighbourhoods. Older adults living in more dense/mixed areas are more sedentary and less active. More dense/mixed areas are associated with less optimal changes in activity. Adults who perceive living in more activity-friendly accumulate more total activity. There was no evidence of associations between perceptions and changes in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hajna
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Dalton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andy P Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Panter
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
The transportation sector accounts for about a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. Previous research suggests that major life events may be “windows of opportunity” for travel behaviour change. Our scoping review examined the effects of seven events (transitions to secondary school, post-secondary studies, labour market, marriage, parenthood, retirement, and relocation) on travel behaviours. Five databases were searched (MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, SportDISCUS, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and 80 articles met inclusion criteria. Relocation was the most commonly examined event (with 51 studies). Findings illustrate that moving to compact neighbourhoods (with shorter commute distance/travel time, greater walkability/access to destinations) was associated with shifts towards sustainable travel modes (e.g., walking, cycling, and transit). Relocation might be particularly conducive to implementing scalable sustainable transportation interventions, as all six interventions with appropriate statistical power were effective. Entry into the labour market was generally associated with increased car use and declines in sustainable transportation. Qualitative studies suggested that attitudes towards cycling may become negative during adolescence, while attitudes towards driving improve, highlighting a need for concerted action. Evidence for other events was less consistent. Research in developing countries remain scarce and further intervention research is needed to enhance quality of evidence.
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22
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Mandic S, Ikeda E, Stewart T, Garrett N, Hopkins D, Mindell JS, Tautolo ES, Smith M. Sociodemographic and Built Environment Associates of Travel to School by Car among New Zealand Adolescents: Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9138. [PMID: 33297467 PMCID: PMC7730892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Travelling to school by car diminishes opportunities for physical activity and contributes to traffic congestion and associated noise and air pollution. This meta-analysis examined sociodemographic characteristics and built environment associates of travelling to school by car compared to using active transport among New Zealand (NZ) adolescents. Four NZ studies (2163 adolescents) provided data on participants' mode of travel to school, individual and school sociodemographic characteristics, distance to school and home-neighbourhood built-environment features. A one-step meta-analysis using individual participant data was performed in SAS. A final multivariable model was developed using stepwise logistic regression. Overall, 60.6% of participants travelled to school by car. When compared with active transport, travelling to school by car was positively associated with distance to school. Participants residing in neighbourhoods with high intersection density and attending medium deprivation schools were less likely to travel to school by car compared with their counterparts. Distance to school, school level deprivation and low home neighbourhood intersection density are associated with higher likelihood of car travel to school compared with active transport among NZ adolescents. Comprehensive interventions focusing on both social and built environment factors are needed to reduce car travel to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mandic
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Erika Ikeda
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Tom Stewart
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nicholas Garrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Debbie Hopkins
- Transport Study Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;
| | - Jennifer S. Mindell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL (University College London), 1–19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - El Shadan Tautolo
- Pacific Health Research Centre, School of Public Health & Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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23
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Owen CG, Limb ES, Nightingale CM, Rudnicka AR, Ram B, Shankar A, Cummins S, Lewis D, Clary C, Cooper AR, Page AS, Procter D, Ellaway A, Giles-Corti B, Whincup PH, Cook DG. Active design of built environments for increasing levels of physical activity in adults: the ENABLE London natural experiment study. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Low physical activity is widespread and poses a serious public health challenge both globally and in the UK. The need to increase population levels of physical activity is recognised in current health policy recommendations. There is considerable interest in whether or not the built environment influences health behaviours, particularly physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited.
Objectives
The effect of moving into East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village, repurposed on active design principles) on the levels of physical activity and adiposity, as well as other health-related and well-being outcomes among adults, was examined.
Design
The Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Environments in London (ENABLE London) study was a longitudinal cohort study based on a natural experiment.
Setting
East Village, London, UK.
Participants
A cohort of 1278 adults (aged ≥ 16 years) and 219 children seeking to move into social, intermediate and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013–15 and followed up after 2 years.
Intervention
The East Village neighbourhood, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village, is a purpose-built, mixed-use residential development specifically designed to encourage healthy active living by improving walkability and access to public transport.
Main outcome measure
Change in objectively measured daily steps from baseline to follow-up.
Methods
Change in environmental exposures associated with physical activity was assessed using Geographic Information System-derived measures. Individual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry, body mass index and bioelectrical impedance (per cent of fat mass) were obtained, as were perceptions of change in crime and quality of the built environment. We examined changes in levels of physical activity and adiposity using multilevel models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnic group, housing sector (fixed effects) and baseline household (random effect), comparing the change in those who moved to East Village (intervention group) with the change in those who did not move to East Village (control group). Effects of housing sector (i.e. social, intermediate/affordable, market-rent) as an effect modifier were also examined. Qualitative work was carried out to provide contextual information about the perceived effects of moving to East Village.
Results
A total of 877 adults (69%) were followed up after 2 years (mean 24 months, range 19–34 months, postponed from 1 year owing to the delayed opening of East Village), of whom 50% had moved to East Village; insufficient numbers of children moved to East Village to be considered further. In adults, moving to East Village was associated with only a small, non-significant, increase in mean daily steps (154 steps, 95% confidence interval –231 to 539 steps), more so in the intermediate sector (433 steps, 95% confidence interval –175 to 1042 steps) than in the social and market-rent sectors (although differences between housing sectors were not statistically significant), despite sizeable improvements in walkability, access to public transport and neighbourhood perceptions of crime and quality of the built environment. There were no appreciable effects on time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity or sedentary time, body mass index or percentage fat mass, either overall or by housing sector. Qualitative findings indicated that, although participants enjoyed their new homes, certain design features might actually serve to reduce levels of activity.
Conclusions
Despite strong evidence of large positive changes in neighbourhood perceptions and walkability, there was only weak evidence that moving to East Village was associated with increased physical activity. There was no evidence of an effect on markers of adiposity. Hence, improving the physical activity environment on its own may not be sufficient to increase population physical activity or other health behaviours.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This research was also supported by project grants from the Medical Research Council National Prevention Research Initiative (MR/J000345/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bina Ram
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Aparna Shankar
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Population Health Innovation Lab, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christelle Clary
- Population Health Innovation Lab, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Duncan Procter
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne Ellaway
- Medical Research Council and Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Liveable Communities, Centre for Urban Research, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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24
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Ding D, Del Pozo Cruz B, Green MA, Bauman AE. Is the COVID-19 lockdown nudging people to be more active: a big data analysis. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1183-1184. [PMID: 32605932 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia .,Charles Perkins Centre, The Univesity of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A Green
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The Univesity of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Mora-Gonzalez J, Migueles JH, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Molina-García P, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Rico MC, Gil A, Aguilera CM, Escolano-Margarit MV, Gejl AK, Andersen LB, Catena A, Ortega FB. Sedentarism, Physical Activity, Steps, and Neurotrophic Factors in Obese Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2325-2333. [PMID: 31634295 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the associations of sedentary time, physical activity (PA) and step-related behaviors with neurotrophic growth factors. METHODS A total of 97 children with overweight/obesity age 8 to 11 yr participated in this study. Sedentary time, PA, and steps were measured by GT3X+ accelerometers in hip and nondominant wrist. Estimates of light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were obtained. Steps per daytime, peak 60-, 30-, and 1-min cadence were computed. The time accumulated (min·d) in different cadence bands of steps was also computed from hip accelerometer. Plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined by the XMap technology (Luminex IS 100/200 system, Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX). RESULTS Light PA, moderate PA, MVPA, and the peak 60-min cadence were positively related with BDNF concentrations (all P < 0.05), and only light PA to VEGF (P = 0.048). No association was observed for IGF-1 (P > 0.05). The associations of light PA with BDNF and VEGF disappeared (all P > 0.05) after performing analyses with nondominant wrist-placement data. However, moderate PA and MVPA remained significantly associated with BDNF (both P < 0.05). The time accumulated in cadence bands of 40 to 59 steps per day and 60 to 79 steps per day (i.e., walking at slow pace) was positively associated with plasma BDNF (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PA is positively related to plasma BDNF, whereas no relationship was observed for VEGF or IGF-1. Higher amounts of time spent in slow walking cadence bands could increment BDNF levels. Exercise-based randomized controlled trials in children with overweight/obesity should be carried out to better understand the influence of PA behaviors on the neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Belén Pastor-Villaescusa
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, GERMANY.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Pablo Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - María C Rico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, SPAIN.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, SPAIN.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, SPAIN
| | | | - Anne Kaer Gejl
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, NORWAY
| | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
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26
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Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Aguiar EJ, Molina-Garcia P, Solis-Urra P, Mora-Gonzalez J, García-Mármol E, Shiroma EJ, Labayen I, Chillón P, Löf M, Tudor-Locke C, Ortega FB. Step-Based Metrics and Overall Physical Activity in Children With Overweight or Obesity: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14841. [PMID: 32343251 PMCID: PMC7218606 DOI: 10.2196/14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Best-practice early interventions to increase physical activity (PA) in children with overweight and obesity should be both feasible and evidence based. Walking is a basic human movement pattern that is practical, cost-effective, and does not require complex movement skills. However, there is still a need to investigate how much walking—as a proportion of total PA level—is performed by children who are overweight and obese in order to determine its utility as a public health strategy. Objective This study aimed to (1) investigate the proportion of overall PA indicators that are explained by step-based metrics and (2) study step accumulation patterns relative to achievement of public health recommendations in children who are overweight and obese. Methods A total of 105 overweight and obese children (mean 10.1 years of age [SD 1.1]; 43 girls) wore hip-worn accelerometers for 7 days. PA volumes were derived using the daily average of counts per 15 seconds, categorized using standard cut points for light-moderate-vigorous PA (LMVPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Derived step-based metrics included volume (steps/day), time in cadence bands, and peak 1-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute cadences. Results Steps per day explained 66%, 40%, and 74% of variance for counts per 15 seconds, LMVPA, and MVPA, respectively. The variance explained was increased up to 80%, 92%, and 77% by including specific cadence bands and peak cadences. Children meeting the World Health Organization recommendation of 60 minutes per day of MVPA spent less time at zero cadence and more time in cadence bands representing sporadic movement to brisk walking (ie, 20-119 steps/min) than their less-active peers. Conclusions Step-based metrics, including steps per day and various cadence-based metrics, seem to capture a large proportion of PA for children who are overweight and obese. Given the availability of pedometers, step-based metrics could be useful in discriminating between those children who do or do not achieve MVPA recommendations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02295072; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02295072
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,IRyS (Investigación en Rendimiento Y Salud) Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Mármol
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Palma Chillón
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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27
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Ding D, Ramirez Varela A, Bauman AE, Ekelund U, Lee IM, Heath G, Katzmarzyk PT, Reis R, Pratt M. Towards better evidence-informed global action: lessons learnt from the Lancet series and recent developments in physical activity and public health. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:462-468. [PMID: 31562122 PMCID: PMC7146932 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the field of physical activity has grown and evolved in scope, depth, visibility and impact around the world. Global progress has been observed in research and practice in physical activity regarding surveillance, health outcomes, correlates/determinants, interventions, translation and policy. The 2012 and 2016 Lancet series on physical activity provide some of the most comprehensive global analysis on various topics within physical activity. Based on the Lancet series and other key developments in the field, literature searches, and expert group meetings and consultation, we provide a global summary on the progress of, gaps in and future directions for physical activity research in the following areas: (1) surveillance and trends, (2) correlates and determinants, (3) health outcomes and (4) interventions, programmes and policies. Besides lessons learnt within each specific area, several recommendations are shared across areas of research, including improvement in measurement, applying a global perspective with a growing emphasis on low-income and middle-income countries, improving inclusiveness and equity in research, making translation an integral part of research for real-world impact, taking an 'upstream' public health approach, and working across disciplines and sectors to co-design research and co-create solutions. We have summarised lessons learnt and recommendations for future research as 'roadmaps' in progress to encourage moving the field of physical activity towards achieving population-level impact globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Heath
- The Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Reis
- Research Group in Physical Actvity and Quality of Life (GPAQ), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná,Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Limb ES, Procter DS, Cooper AR, Page AS, Nightingale CM, Ram B, Shankar A, Clary C, Lewis D, Cummins S, Ellaway A, Giles-Corti B, Whincup PH, Rudnicka AR, Cook DG, Owen CG. The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32041612 PMCID: PMC7011441 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-0916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to encourage active modes of travel (walking, cycling) may improve physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited and major change in the built environment / travel infrastructure may be needed. East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Games Athletes Village) has been repurposed on active design principles with improved walkability, open space and public transport and restrictions on residential car parking. We examined the effect of moving to East Village on adult travel patterns. METHODS One thousand two hundred seventy-eight adults (16+ years) seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013-2015, and followed up after 2 years. Individual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and geographic location using GPS travel recorders (QStarz) were time-matched and a validated algorithm assigned four travel modes (walking, cycling, motorised vehicle, train). We examined change in time spent in different travel modes, using multilevel linear regresssion models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnicity, housing group (fixed effects) and household (random effect), comparing those who had moved to East Village at follow-up with those who did not. RESULTS Of 877 adults (69%) followed-up, 578 (66%) provided valid accelerometry and GPS data for at least 1 day (≥540 min) at both time points; half had moved to East Village. Despite no overall effects on physical activity levels, sizeable improvements in walkability and access to public transport in East Village resulted in decreased daily vehicle travel (8.3 mins, 95%CI 2.5,14.0), particularly in the intermediate housing group (9.6 mins, 95%CI 2.2,16.9), and increased underground travel (3.9 mins, 95%CI 1.2,6.5), more so in the market-rent group (11.5 mins, 95%CI 4.4,18.6). However, there were no effects on time spent walking or cycling. CONCLUSION Designing walkable neighbourhoods near high quality public transport and restrictions on car usage, may offer a community-wide strategy shift to sustainable transport modes by increasing public transport use, and reducing motor vehicle travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Duncan S Procter
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bina Ram
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Aparna Shankar
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christelle Clary
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne Ellaway
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Liveable Communities, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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McCormack GR, Koohsari MJ, Oka K, Friedenreich CM, Blackstaffe A, Alaniz FU, Farkas B. Differences in transportation and leisure physical activity by neighborhood design controlling for residential choice. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:532-539. [PMID: 31720064 PMCID: PMC6834992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice. METHODS A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community). RESULTS Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates. CONCLUSION Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. McCormack
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Christine M. Friedenreich
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Anita Blackstaffe
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Francisco Uribe Alaniz
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Brenlea Farkas
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Kärmeniemi M, Lankila T, Ikäheimo T, Puhakka S, Niemelä M, Jämsä T, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Korpelainen R. Residential relocation trajectories and neighborhood density, mixed land use and access networks as predictors of walking and bicycling in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:88. [PMID: 31639003 PMCID: PMC6805374 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high global prevalence of physical inactivity, there is a need to design cities that support active modes of transportation. High density diverse neighborhoods with good access networks have been associated with enhanced walking and cycling, but there is a lack of large-scale longitudinal studies utilizing a life course perspective to model residential relocation trajectories. The objectives of the present longitudinal study were to model and visualize residential relocation trajectories between 31 and 46 years of age based on neighborhood density, mixed land use and access networks (DMA), and to assess neighborhood DMA as a predictor of self-reported regular walking and cycling and objectively measured physical activity. Methods Based on data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 5947), we used self-reported regular walking and cycling and objectively measured physical activity as outcome variables and objectively assessed neighborhood DMA as the main explanatory variable. We conducted sequence analysis to model residential relocation trajectories, and generalized linear mixed models and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore longitudinal associations between neighborhood DMA and physical activity. Results Over 80% of the participants lived in a neighborhood with the same level of neighborhood DMA during the follow-up. Relocation occurred more often from higher to lower DMA neighborhoods than reverse. Increased neighborhood DMA was associated with increased regular walking (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05; p = 0.023) and cycling (OR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23; p < 0.001). Residential relocation trajectory from lower to highest neighborhood DMA increased the odds of starting regular walking (OR 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 7.14; p = 0.001) and cycling (OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.23, 5.79; p = 0.009) as compared to higher to lower neighborhood DMA trajectory. Conclusions The results strongly support the hypothesis that increasing urban DMA can enhance regular walking and cycling at population level and so improve public health. The findings have implications for zoning and transportation policies, favoring the creation of dense and diverse neighborhoods with good access networks to support regular walking and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Kärmeniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Lankila
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Ikäheimo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soile Puhakka
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland.,Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Zang P, Lu Y, Ma J, Xie B, Wang R, Liu Y. Disentangling residential self-selection from impacts of built environment characteristics on travel behaviors for older adults. Soc Sci Med 2019; 238:112515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Molina-García J, Menescardi C, Estevan I, Martínez-Bello V, Queralt A. Neighborhood Built Environment and Socioeconomic Status are Associated with Active Commuting and Sedentary Behavior, but not with Leisure-Time Physical Activity, in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173176. [PMID: 31480418 PMCID: PMC6747177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of neighborhood characteristics in promoting physical activity and sedentary behaviors (SB) has not been extensively studied in university students. The study purpose was to analyze the associations of neighborhood built environment and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with active commuting, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and SB among university students. This is a cross-sectional study of 308 undergraduate students from two urban universities in Valencia, Spain. Participants' residential neighborhoods were classified according to walkability and SES levels. Walkability was defined as an index of three built environment attributes (i.e., residential density, land-use mix, and street connectivity) based on geographical information system data. Active commuting to and from university (ACU), active commuting in the neighborhood, LTPA, and SB were evaluated through a questionnaire. Mixed model regression analyses were performed. There were no significant SES-walkability interactions for any of the outcomes analyzed. However, university students living in more walkable areas reported two more ACU trips per week compared to those living in less walkable neighborhoods (p < 0.01). University students living in lower-SES neighborhoods reported more ACU trips per week than those living in higher-SES neighborhoods (p < 0.05). Regarding LTPA, there were no significant SES or walkability main effects. Neighborhood SES was negatively related to active commuting in the neighborhood and to time spent in SB (all p < 0.05). Participants living in lower-SES neighborhoods reported more active commuting per week and had the highest average minutes spent in SB. This study highlights the relevance of assessing university's residential environment when active transportation and SB are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Menescardi
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vladimir Martínez-Bello
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- COS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Nightingale CM, Limb ES, Ram B, Shankar A, Clary C, Lewis D, Cummins S, Procter D, Cooper AR, Page AS, Ellaway A, Giles-Corti B, Whincup PH, Rudnicka AR, Cook DG, Owen CG. The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on physical activity and adiposity (ENABLE London): a cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2019; 4:e421-e430. [PMID: 31345752 PMCID: PMC6669308 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment can affect health behaviours, but longitudinal evidence is limited. We aimed to examine the effect of moving into East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village that was repurposed on active design principles, on adult physical activity and adiposity. METHODS In this cohort study, we recruited adults seeking new accommodation in East Village and compared physical activity and built environment measures with these data in control participants who had not moved to East Village. At baseline and after 2 years, we objectively measured physical activity with accelerometry and adiposity with body-mass index and bioimpedance, and we assessed objective measures of and participants' perceptions of change in their built environment. We examined the change in physical activity and adiposity between the East Village and control groups, after adjusting for sex, age group, ethnicity, housing tenure, and household (as a random effect). FINDINGS We recruited participants for baseline assessment between Jan 24, 2013, and Jan 7, 2016, and we followed up the cohort after 2 years, between Feb 24, 2015, and Oct 24, 2017. At baseline, 1819 households (one adult per household) consented to initial contact by the study team. 1278 adults (16 years and older) from 1006 (55%) households participated at baseline; of these participants, 877 (69%) adults from 710 (71%) households were assessed after 2 years, of whom 441 (50%) participants from 343 (48%) households had moved to East Village. We found no effect associated with moving to East Village on daily steps, the time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (either in total or in 10-min bouts or more), daily sedentary time, body-mass index, or fat mass percentage between participants who had moved to East Village and those in the control group, despite sizeable improvements in walkability and neighbourhood perceptions of crime and quality among the East Village group relative to their original neighbourhood at baseline. INTERPRETATION Despite large improvements in neighbourhood perceptions and walkability, we found no clear evidence that moving to East Village was associated with increased physical activity. Improving the built environment on its own might be insufficient to increase physical activity. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research and National Prevention Research Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bina Ram
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Aparna Shankar
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christelle Clary
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Duncan Procter
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne Ellaway
- Medical Research Council/Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Liveable Communities, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
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Ding D, Williamson C, Nguyen B, Learnihan V, Bauman AE, Davey R, Jalaludin B, Gebel K. Infographic:The effects of residential relocation on walking, physical activity and travel behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:1486-1487. [PMID: 30926630 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloë Williamson
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Learnihan
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rachel Davey
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Epidemiology Group, Healthy People and Places Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Murphy MH. What Hippocrates called ‘Man’s best medicine’: walking is humanity’s path to a better world. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:753-754. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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