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de Oliveira ECF, Cruzeiro IKDC, de Souza CAA, Reis FM. Prevalence of karyotype alterations in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss in a tertiary center in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2024; 46:e-rbgo51. [PMID: 38994459 PMCID: PMC11239216 DOI: 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities in Brazilian couples with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and compare the clinical characteristics of couples with and without chromosome abnormalities. Methods We assessed the medical records of 127 couples with a history of two or more miscarriages, referred to a tertiary academic hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January 2014 to May 2023. Karyotype was generated from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, and cytogenetic analysis was performed according to standard protocols by heat-denatured Giemsa (RHG) banding. Results Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 10 couples (7.8%). The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was higher among females (6.3%) compared to males (2.0%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.192). The mean number of miscarriages was. 3.3 ± 1.1 in couples with chromosome abnormalities and 3.1 ± 1.5 in couples without chromosome abnormalities (p=0.681). Numerical chromosomal anomalies (6 cases) were more frequent than structural anomalies. Four women presented low-grade Turner mosaicism. No differences were found between couples with and without karyotype alterations, except for maternal age, which was higher in the group with chromosome alterations. Conclusion The prevalence of parental chromosomal alterations in our study was higher than in most series described in the literature and was associated with increased maternal age. These findings suggest that karyotyping should be part of the investigation for Brazilian couples with RPL, as identifying the genetic etiology may have implications for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Fontes de Oliveira
- Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilHospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ines Katerina Damasceno Cavallo Cruzeiro
- Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilHospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cezar Antônio Abreu de Souza
- Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilHospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Marcos Reis
- Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilHospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Suker A, Li Y, Robson D, Marren A. Australasian Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Clinical Management Guideline 2024 Part I. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 38934264 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Guidelines for the investigation and management of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have been developed in Europe, USA and UK, but there is currently no Australasian guideline. The Australasian Certificate of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Consensus Expert Panel on Trial Evidence group has prepared a two-part guideline to provide guidance on the management of RPL. In Part I chromosomal, anatomical, and endocrine factors are outlined along with relevant recommendations for clinical management, levels of evidence and grades of consensus. In Part II thrombophilia, autoimmune factors, infective, inflammatory, and endometrial causes, environmental and lifestyle factors, male factor and unexplained causes will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Suker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Women & Babies, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Robson
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Women & Babies, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Marren
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Women & Babies, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Ali A, Elfituri A, Doumouchtsis SK, Zini ME, Jan H, Ganapathy R, Divakar H, Hod M, Shehata H. Managing couples with recurrent miscarriage: A narrative review and practice recommendations. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:499-503. [PMID: 37431204 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
There is significant variation in practice when managing couples with recurrent miscarriage (RM), with guidelines differing on the definition of RM, recommended investigations, and treatment options. In the absence of evidence-based guidance, and following on from a paper by the authors-FIGO Good Practice Recommendations on the use of progesterone in the management of recurrent first-trimester miscarriage-this narrative review aims to propose a global holistic approach. We present graded recommendations based on best available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ali
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK
- Kingston Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | | | | | | | - Haider Jan
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK
| | | | | | - Moshe Hod
- Mor Comprehensive Women's Health Care Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK
- Southwest London and Surrey Heartlands Maternal Medicine Network, London, UK
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4
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Youssef A, Lashley EELO, Vermeulen N, van der Hoorn MLP. Identifying discrepancies between clinical practice and evidence-based guideline in recurrent pregnancy loss care, a tool for clinical guideline implementation. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:544. [PMID: 37507697 PMCID: PMC10386208 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice variation in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) care is common. International guidelines vary in their recommendations for the management of RPL couples, which could lead to an increase of cross border reproductive care. Currently, the Dutch RPL guideline is being adapted from the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guideline. We aim to identify discrepancies between RPL guidelines and RPL practice. These discrepancies could be considered in the development of a new guideline and implementation strategies to promote adherence to new recommendations. METHODS A nationwide survey on the management of RPL patients was conducted across all 107 hospital-based obstetrics and gynaecology practices in the Netherlands. The survey was sent via the Dutch Society for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists to all affiliated clinicians. The questionnaire consisted of 36 questions divided in four sections: clinician's demographics, RPL definition, investigations and therapy. The data were compared to the recommendations given by the Dutch national guideline and the most recent guideline of the ESHRE. RESULTS All hospital-based practices (100%; n = 107) filled in the online questionnaire. The majority of respondents defined RPL similarly, as two or more pregnancy losses (87.4%), not obligatory consecutive (93.1%). More than half of respondents routinely perform thrombophilia screening ( 58%), although not advised by the ESHRE, while thyroid function (57%), thyroid auto-immunity (27%) and β2-glycoprotein antibodies (42%) in the context of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are recommended but investigated less often. Regarding parental karyotyping, 20% of respondents stated they always perform parental karyotyping, without prior risk assessment. because of RPL. Treatment for hereditary thrombophilia was frequently (43.8% (n = 137)) prescribed although not recommended. And finally, a considerable part (12-16%) of respondents prescribe medication in case of unexplained RPL. CONCLUSION While many clinicians perform investigations recommended by the ESHRE, there is a considerable variation of RPL practice in the Netherlands. We identified discrepancies between RPL guidelines and RPL practice, providing possibilities to focus on multifaceted implementation strategies, such as educational intervention, local consensus processes and auditing and feedback. This will improve the quality of care provided to RPL patients and may diminish the necessity felt by patients to turn to multiple opinions or cross border reproductive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Youssef
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - E E L O Lashley
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - N Vermeulen
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Nijverheidslaan 3 (BXL 7 - Gebouw 1), Strombeek, Bever, B - 1853, Belgium
| | - M L P van der Hoorn
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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5
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D'Ippolito S, Longo G, Orteschi D, Busnelli A, Di Simone N, Pulcinelli E, Schettini G, Scambia G, Zollino M. Investigating the "Fetal Side" in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Reliability of Cell-Free DNA Testing in Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities of Miscarriage Tissue. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3898. [PMID: 37373593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of our study is to evaluate whether cell-free DNA testing can overlap the genetic testing of miscarriage tissue in women with early pregnancy loss (EPL) and length of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at the Pregnancy Loss Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (IRCCS), Rome, Italy between May 2021 and March 2022. We included women with EPL and length of RPL. Gestational age was >9 weeks + 2 days and <12 weeks + 0 days of gestation corresponding to a crown rump length measurement of >25 and <54 mm. Women underwent both dilation and curettage for the collection of miscarriage tissue and for blood sample collection. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) on miscarriage tissues was performed by oligo-nucleotide- and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH+SNP). Maternal blood samples were analyzed by Illumina VeriSeq non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to evaluate the cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) and the corresponding fetal fraction and the presence of genetic abnormalities; (3) Results: CMA on miscarriage tissues revealed chromosome aneuploidies in 6/10 cases (60%), consisting of trisomy 21 (5 cases) and monosomy X (one case). cfDNA analysis was able to identify all cases of trisomy 21. It failed to detect monosomy X. A large 7p14.1p12.2 deletion concomitant to trisomy 21 was, in one case, detected by cfDNA analysis but it was not confirmed by CMA on miscarriage tissue. (4) Conclusions: cfDNA largely reproduces the chromosomal abnormalities underlying spontaneous miscarriages. However, diagnostic sensitivity of cfDNA analysis is lower with respect to the CMA of miscarriage tissues. In considering the limitations when obtaining biological samples from aborted fetuses suitable for CMA or standard chromosome analysis, cfDNA analysis is a useful, although not exhaustive, tool for the chromosome diagnosis of both early and recurrent pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D'Ippolito
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Longo
- BioRep Srl, Centro di Risorse Biologiche, Sapio Group, 20900 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Orteschi
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Busnelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
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Workalemahu T, Avery C, Lopez S, Blue NR, Wallace A, Quinlan AR, Coon H, Warner D, Varner MW, Branch DW, Jorde LB, Silver RM. Whole-genome sequencing analysis in families with recurrent pregnancy loss: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281934. [PMID: 36800380 PMCID: PMC9937472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One to two percent of couples suffer recurrent pregnancy loss and over 50% of the cases are unexplained. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis has the potential to identify previously unrecognized causes of pregnancy loss, but few studies have been performed, and none have included DNA from families including parents, losses, and live births. We conducted a pilot WGS study in three families with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, including parents, healthy live births, and losses, which included an embryonic loss (<10 weeks' gestation), fetal deaths (10-20 weeks' gestation) and stillbirths (≥ 20 weeks' gestation). We used the Illumina platform for WGS and state-of-the-art protocols to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) following various modes of inheritance. We identified 87 SNVs involving 75 genes in embryonic loss (n = 1), 370 SNVs involving 228 genes in fetal death (n = 3), and 122 SNVs involving 122 genes in stillbirth (n = 2). Of these, 22 de novo, 6 inherited autosomal dominant and an X-linked recessive SNVs were pathogenic (probability of being loss-of-function intolerant >0.9), impacting known genes (e.g., DICER1, FBN2, FLT4, HERC1, and TAOK1) involved in embryonic/fetal development and congenital abnormalities. Further, we identified inherited missense compound heterozygous SNVs impacting genes (e.g., VWA5B2) in two fetal death samples. The variants were not identified as compound heterozygous SNVs in live births and population controls, providing evidence for haplosufficient genes relevant to pregnancy loss. In this pilot study, we provide evidence for de novo and inherited SNVs relevant to pregnancy loss. Our findings provide justification for conducting WGS using larger numbers of families and warrant validation by targeted sequencing to ascertain causal variants. Elucidating genes causing pregnancy loss may facilitate the development of risk stratification strategies and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Cecile Avery
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sarah Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nathan R. Blue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Intermountain Healthcare, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amelia Wallace
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Derek Warner
- DNA Sequencing Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Intermountain Healthcare, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - D. Ware Branch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Intermountain Healthcare, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lynn B. Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Intermountain Healthcare, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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7
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Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Wyrwoll MJ, Tüttelmann F, Toth B, Pinggera GM, Zschocke J. Genetische Diagnostik bei ungewollt kinderlosen Paaren oder wiederholten Fehlgeburten. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEtwa 10–15 % aller Paare sind ungewollt kinderlos, entweder durch das fehlende Eintreten einer Schwangerschaft oder durch rezidivierende Aborte. Nachweisbare Ursachen einer Fertilitätsstörung finden sich gleichermaßen bei Männern und bei Frauen, bei einem Drittel sind beide Partner beteiligt. Bei 5–10 % der weiblichen und 10–20 % der männlichen Patienten sind mit den derzeit etablierten diagnostischen Analysen genetische Ursachen erkennbar. Eine ätiologische Abklärung erlaubt eine fundierte Prognose und manchmal eine spezifische Therapie, sie kann auf ein erhöhtes Risiko des Auftretens kindlicher Erkrankungen hinweisen. Eine spezifische genetische Abklärung ist daher unabhängig von einer gegebenenfalls geplanten reproduktionsmedizinischen Behandlung bei allen Paaren indiziert, die länger als ein Jahr vergeblich versuchen, ein Kind zu bekommen, und bei denen keine andere Erklärung für eine Unfruchtbarkeit nachgewiesen wurde. Die genetische Diagnostik der Unfruchtbarkeit umfasst bei beiden Partnern in der Regel eine klassische Karyotypisierung zum Nachweis einer gegebenenfalls vorliegenden gonosomalen oder balancierten strukturellen Chromosomenveränderung. Dies ist insbesondere beim wiederholten Auftreten von Fehlgeburten bei beiden Partnern indiziert. Abhängig von hormonellen Befunden sollte bei Frauen ein attenuiertes adrenogenitales Syndrom bzw. bei Verdacht auf eine primäre Ovarialinsuffizienz eine FMR1-Prämutation ausgeschlossen werden. Die genetische Diagnostik des Mannes bei Azoospermie oder gegebenenfalls bei schwerer Oligozoospermie umfasst zusätzlich zur Karyotypisierung die Testung auf AZF-Mikrodeletionen (AZF Azoospermiefaktor) sowie in Abhängigkeit von den klinischen Parametern auf pathogene Varianten im CFTR-Gen als mögliche Ursache einer obstruktiven Azoospermie. Sequenzanalysen spezifischer Gene können bei Frauen und Männern mit hypogonadotropem Hypogonadismus oder bei Verdacht auf eine monogene Spermatogenesestörung in Betracht gezogen werden. Gemäß den Leitlinien und nationalen gesetzlichen Grundlagen sollten vor der genetischen Diagnostik sowie beim Nachweis genetischer Ursachen einer Infertilität mögliche Konsequenzen und die Bedeutung für zukünftige Kinder im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung besprochen werden.
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8
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Iordache O, Anastasiu-Popov DM, Anastasiu DM, Craina M, Dahma G, Sacarin G, Silaghi C, Citu C, Daniluc R, Hinoveanu D, Feciche B, Bratosin F, Neamtu R. A Retrospective Assessment of Thrombophilia in Pregnant Women with First and Second Trimester Pregnancy Loss. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16500. [PMID: 36554381 PMCID: PMC9779542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) affects between 1% to 5% of women of reproductive age. It is widely believed that RPL is a complex disorder that is influenced by chromosomal abnormalities, genetic mutations, uterine anatomic deformity, endocrine dysfunction, immunologic factors, infections, and the environment. Thrombotic disorders are a frequent cause of RPL, accounting for almost half of all cases; however, in the rest of the cases, the cause of RPL remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, it was planned to determine the genetic mutations involved in RPL during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2021, collecting data from 157 first trimester miscarriages and 54 s trimester pregnancies. All patients with a panel of laboratory and genetic analysis for thrombophilia were included for data analysis. It was observed that four factors were significantly more prevalent in one of the groups. Factor V Leiden (FVL) homozygosity and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) antibodies were statistically significantly more common in pregnant women who suffered first trimester pregnancy losses. On the other hand, Protein C deficiency and Glycoprotein Ia polymorphism were statistically significantly more frequent in the second trimester group. The strongest independent risk factors for first trimester pregnancy loss were FVL and prothrombin (PT) compound mutations (OR = 3.11), followed by FVL homozygous mutation (OR = 3.66), and APS antibodies (OR = 4.47). Regarding second trimester pregnancy loss risk factors, the strongest were FVL and PT compound (OR = 3.24), followed by Glycoprotein Ia polymorphism (OR = 3.61), and respectively, APS antibodies (OR = 3.85). Numerous thrombophilic risk factors for early and late pregnancy loss have been found, including several mutations that seem to occur more often either during the first or the second trimester. Even though we are aware of risk-free and efficient diagnostics for thrombophilia abnormalities, no intervention has been proved to be clearly successful after the detection of these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Iordache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Anastasiu-Popov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doru Mihai Anastasiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Craina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - George Dahma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Geanina Sacarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Silaghi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Citu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Daniluc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Denisa Hinoveanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Feciche
- Department of Urology, Satu-Mare County Emergency Hospital, Strada Ravensburg 2, 440192 Satu-Mare, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Neamtu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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9
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Mascarenhas M, Jeve Y, Polanski L, Sharpe A, Yasmin E, Bhandari HM. Management of recurrent implantation failure: British Fertility Society policy and practice guideline. HUM FERTIL 2022; 25:813-837. [PMID: 33820476 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1905886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is defined as the absence of a positive pregnancy test after three consecutive transfers of good quality embryos. There remains significant variation in clinical practice in the management of RIF. This British Fertility Society (BFS) Policy and Practice guideline analyses the evidence for investigations and therapies that are employed in RIF and provides recommendations for clinical practice and for further research. Evidence for investigations of sperm and egg quality, uterine and adnexal factors, immunological factors and thrombophilia, endocrine conditions and genetic factors and for associated therapies have been evaluated. This guideline has been devised to assist reproductive medicine specialists and patients in making shared decisions concerning management of RIF. Finally, suggestions for research towards improving understanding and management of RIF have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Mascarenhas
- Leeds Fertility, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Glasgow Centre for Reproductive Medicine, The Fertility Partnership, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yadava Jeve
- Birmingham Women's Fertility Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lukasz Polanski
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abigail Sharpe
- Leeds Fertility, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ephia Yasmin
- Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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10
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Kocaaga A, Kilic H, Gulec S. The pattern of chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent miscarriages: a single center retrospective study. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:385-390. [PMID: 36444924 PMCID: PMC9706713 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities are more common in first trimester recurrent miscarriages (RM). Chromosomal anomalies affect approximately 2%-8% of couples with RM. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the spectrum and the frequencies of chromosomal anomalies in RM. DESIGN A retrospective hospital record-based descriptive study. SETTING A tertiary care center in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied couples with RM between October 2020 and January 2022. Relevant family and medical history, clinical examination and the results of karyotype were statistically analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and types of chromosomal aberrations in couples with RM. SAMPLE SİZE: 362 couples with a history of RM RESULTS: Among the 362 couples, 14 cases (3.86%) had chromosome abnormalities. Eight cases (57.14%) were structural anomalies and six cases (42.86%) were numerical chromosomal aberrations. We found five balanced translocations (67.5%) and three Robertsonian translocations (37.5%). The prevalence of polymorphic variants was 51/362 (14.1%). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the conclusion that clinicians should understand the importance of chromosome analysis in these couples and direct them to karyotyping after two abortions in order to exclude the possibility of a genetic cause of RM. LIMITATIONS Single-center study and retrospective. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Kocaaga
- From the Department of Medical Genetics, Ekisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Halime Kilic
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ekisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Gulec
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ekisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
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11
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Youssef A, van der Hoorn MLP, Dongen M, Visser J, Bloemenkamp K, van Lith J, van Geloven N, Lashley EELO. External validation of a frequently used prediction model for ongoing pregnancy in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:393-399. [PMID: 34875054 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the predictive performance of a currently recommended prediction model in an external Dutch cohort of couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? SUMMARY ANSWER The model shows poor predictive performance on a new population; it overestimates, predicts too extremely and has a poor discriminative ability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In 50-75% of couples with RPL, no risk factor or cause can be determined and RPL remains unexplained. Clinical management in RPL is primarily focused on providing supportive care, in which counselling on prognosis is a main pillar. A frequently used prediction model for unexplained RPL, developed by Brigham et al. in 1999, estimates the chance of a successful pregnancy based on number of previous pregnancy losses and maternal age. This prediction model has never been externally validated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective cohort study consisted of 739 couples with unexplained RPL who visited the RPL clinic of the Leiden University Medical Centre between 2004 and 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Unexplained RPL was defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks, without the presence of an identifiable cause for the pregnancy losses, according to the ESHRE guideline. Obstetrical history and maternal age were noted at intake at the RPL clinic. The outcome of the first pregnancy after intake was documented. The performance of Brigham's model was evaluated through calibration and discrimination, in which the predicted pregnancy rates were compared to the observed pregnancy rates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The cohort included 739 women with a mean age of 33.1 years (±4.7 years) and with a median of three pregnancy losses at intake (range 2-10). The mean predicted pregnancy success rate was 9.8 percentage points higher in the Brigham model than the observed pregnancy success rate in the dataset (73.9% vs 64.0% (95% CI for the 9.8% difference 6.3-13.3%)). Calibration showed overestimation of the model and too extreme predictions, with a negative calibration intercept of -0.46 (95% CI -0.62 to -0.31) and a calibration slope of 0.42 (95% CI 0.11-0.73). The discriminative ability of the model was very low with a concordance statistic of 0.55 (95% CI 0.51-0.59). Recalibration of the Brigham model hardly improved the c-statistic (0.57; 95% CI 0.53-0.62). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a retrospective study in which only the first pregnancy after intake was registered. There was no time frame as inclusion criterium, which is of importance in the counselling of couples with unexplained RPL. Only cases with a known pregnancy outcome were included. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study externally validating the Brigham prognostic model that estimates the chance of a successful pregnancy in couples with unexplained RPL. The results show that the frequently used model overestimates the chances of a successful pregnancy, that predictions are too extreme on both the high and low ends and that they are not much more discriminative than random luck. There is a need for revising the prediction model to estimate the chance of a successful pregnancy in couples with unexplained RPL more accurately. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used and no competing interests were declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Youssef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M L P van der Hoorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Dongen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Visser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - K Bloemenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J van Lith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N van Geloven
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E E L O Lashley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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du Fossé NA, van der Hoorn MLP, de Koning R, Mulders AGMGJ, van Lith JMM, le Cessie S, Lashley EELO. Toward more accurate prediction of future pregnancy outcome in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: taking both partners into account. Fertil Steril 2021; 117:144-152. [PMID: 34863518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, besides maternal age and the number of previous pregnancy losses, additional characteristics of couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) that improve the prediction of an ongoing pregnancy. DESIGN Hospital-based cohort study in couples who visited specialized RPL units of two academic centers between 2012 and 2020. SETTING Two academic centers in the Netherlands. PATIENTS Clinical data from 526 couples with unexplained RPL were used in this study. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The final model to estimate the chance of a subsequent ongoing pregnancy was determined using a backward selection process and internally validated using bootstrapping. Model performance was assessed in terms of calibration and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). RESULTS Subsequent ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 345 of 526 couples (66%). The number of previous pregnancy losses, maternal age, paternal age, maternal body mass index, paternal body mass index, maternal smoking status, and previous in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment were predictive of the outcome. The optimism-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63 compared with 0.57 when using only the number of previous pregnancy losses and maternal age. CONCLUSIONS The identification of additional predictors of a subsequent ongoing pregnancy after RPL, including male characteristics, is significant for both clinicians and couples with RPL. At the same time, we showed that the predictive ability of the current model is still limited and more research is warranted to develop a model that can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A du Fossé
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rozemarijn de Koning
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie G M G J Mulders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M M van Lith
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eileen E L O Lashley
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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13
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Yan X, Wang D, Yan P, Li H. Low molecular weight heparin or LMWH plus aspirin in the treatment of unexplained recurrent miscarriage with negative antiphospholipid antibodies: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 268:22-30. [PMID: 34794071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) has caused serious distress to women of childbearing age, and effective treatment is particularly important. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and LMWH combined with aspirin for uRM. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to identify randomized controlled trials that reported the LMWH or LMWH combined with aspirin for women with uRM and negative antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The retrieval time is limited from inception to June 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS A total of 7 studies involving 1849 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, both LMWH and LMWH + aspirin interventions showed no substantial influence on miscarriage rate (LMWH: RR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.34-1.39, P = 0.293, LMWH + aspirin: RR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.30-1.27, P = 0.19) and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia (LMWH: RR = 1.1, 95%CI: 0.53-2.31, P = 0.792; LMWH + aspirin: RR = 1.49, 95%CI: 0.25-8.79, P = 0.662). LMWH therapy had no influence on the live births (RR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.92-1.06, P = 0.72). Subgroup analysis showed that enoxaparin is not effective in women with uRM and negative aPL (miscarriage rate: RR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.31-2.19, P = 0.695; pre-eclampsia: RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.46-2.33, P = 0.936). CONCLUSIONS LMWH and LMWH combined with aspirin therapy cannot improve the pregnancy outcome of women with uRM and negative aPL. However, the above conclusions are still required to be verified through more RCTs due to the limited quantity of included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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14
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Alrashed M, Tabassum H, Almuhareb N, Almutlaq N, Alamro W, Alanazi ST, Alenazi FK, Alahmed LB, Al Abudahash MM, Alenzi ND. Assessment of DNA damage in relation to heavy metal induced oxidative stress in females with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5403-5407. [PMID: 34466121 PMCID: PMC8381069 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy termination consecutively for three or more times during the first trimester is termed as Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In addition to the abnormal karyotype, heavy metal induced oxidative damage may contribute as prominent etiological factor in pregnancy termination. Oxidative stress is considered crucial in etiology underlying RPL with altered antioxidant status and subsequent DNA damage. The current case controlled study investigated Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DNA damage (8OHdG) and heavy metals in RPL group (n = 30) and the women with successful pregnancies and no cases of miscarriage as control group (30 women). Heavy metals -Antimony (Sb) and Arsenic (As) were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS). There was significant decrease in levels of TAC in RPL group compared to healthy pregnant women (P < 0.05). On contrary, elevated levels of As and Sb were observed in RPL group with subsequent increase in the levels of 8OHdG (P < 0.001); indicating extensive DNA damage in these patients. Furthermore, increased levels of As and Sb in RPL group were positively correlated with 8OHdG and negatively with total antioxidant capacity. The outcome of the study provides clear insight of the role of metal induced oxidative stress that plays a vital role in the pathophysiology underlying RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajera Tabassum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Almuhareb
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Almutlaq
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Alamro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samyah T Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouza K Alenazi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwah B Alahmed
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubark M Al Abudahash
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif D Alenzi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zhang K, Wang E, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang J, Wang X, Shu J. Role of low-molecular-weight heparin in altering uterine artery blood flow in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a prospective study. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520945558. [PMID: 32780610 PMCID: PMC7557691 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the role of uterine artery blood flow (UABF) in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and to determine a viable option to promote the outcome of pregnancy. METHODS A total of 421 women were prospectively recruited for this research. UABF indices, including the systolic/diastolic ratio, pulsatility index and resistance index, during the midluteal phase were compared between patients with RSA and women without RSA (controls). After low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was administered to patients with RSA, indices at 7, 10, and 12 weeks of gestation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS UABF indices during the midluteal phase were significantly higher in the RSA group than in the control group. After LMWH was administered to the RSA group, UABF indices in the first trimester were similar to those in the control group. The rate of spontaneous miscarriage was also similar between the groups after LMWH treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that sufficient uterine perfusion is crucial for a successful pregnancy. LMWH reduces the rate of spontaneous miscarriage in patients with RSA to a similar rate in women without RSA. LMWH might play a role in decreasing UABF resistance and increasing uterine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ensheng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaou Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Wang
- Ultrosonic Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Blyth U, Craciunas L, Hudson G, Choudhary M. Maternal germline factors associated with aneuploid pregnancy loss: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:866-884. [PMID: 33969392 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriage describes the spontaneous loss of pregnancy before the threshold of viability; the vast majority occur before 12 weeks of gestation. Miscarriage affects one in four couples and is the most common complication of pregnancy. Chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo are identified in ∼50% of first trimester miscarriages; aneuploidy accounts for 86% of these cases. The majority of trisomic miscarriages are of maternal origin with errors occurring during meiotic division of the oocytes. Chromosome segregation errors in oocytes may be sporadic events secondary to advancing maternal age; however, there is increasing evidence to suggest possible maternal germline contributions to this. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review was to appraise critically the existing evidence relating to maternal germline factors associated with pregnancy loss secondary to embryo aneuploidy, identify limitations in the current evidence base and establish areas requiring further research. SEARCH METHODS The initial literature search was performed in September 2019 and updated in January 2021 using the electronic databases OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. No time or language restrictions were applied to the searches and only primary research was included. Participants were women who had suffered pregnancy loss secondary to numerical chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. Study identification and subsequent data extraction were performed by two authors independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to judge the quality of the included studies. The results were synthesized narratively. OUTCOMES The literature search identified 2198 titles once duplicates were removed, of which 21 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. They reported on maternal germline factors having variable degrees of association with pregnancy loss of aneuploid origin. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) gene ontology database was used as a reference to establish the functional role currently attributed to the genes reported. The majority of the cases reported and included were secondary to the inheritance of maternal structural factors such as Robertsonian translocations, deletions and insertions. Germline factors with a plausible role in aneuploid pregnancy loss of maternal origin included skewed X-inactivation and CGG repeats in the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene. Studies that reported the association of single gene mutations with aneuploid pregnancy loss were conflicting. Single gene mutations with an uncertain or no role in aneuploid pregnancy loss included mutations in synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), mitotic polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and meiotic stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) spindle integrity variants and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Identifying maternal genetic factors associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy will expand our understanding of cell division, non-disjunction and miscarriage secondary to embryo aneuploidy. The candidate germline factors identified may be incorporated in a screening panel for women suffering miscarriage of aneuploidy aetiology to facilitate counselling for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Blyth
- Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurentiu Craciunas
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meenakshi Choudhary
- Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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17
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Coomarasamy A, Dhillon-Smith RK, Papadopoulou A, Al-Memar M, Brewin J, Abrahams VM, Maheshwari A, Christiansen OB, Stephenson MD, Goddijn M, Oladapo OT, Wijeyaratne CN, Bick D, Shehata H, Small R, Bennett PR, Regan L, Rai R, Bourne T, Kaur R, Pickering O, Brosens JJ, Devall AJ, Gallos ID, Quenby S. Recurrent miscarriage: evidence to accelerate action. Lancet 2021; 397:1675-1682. [PMID: 33915096 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Women who have had repeated miscarriages often have uncertainties about the cause, the likelihood of recurrence, the investigations they need, and the treatments that might help. Health-care policy makers and providers have uncertainties about the optimal ways to organise and provide care. For this Series paper, we have developed recommendations for practice from literature reviews, appraisal of guidelines, and a UK-wide consensus conference that was held in December, 2019. Caregivers should individualise care according to the clinical needs and preferences of women and their partners. We define a minimum set of investigations and treatments to be offered to couples who have had recurrent miscarriages, and urge health-care policy makers and providers to make them universally available. The essential investigations include measurements of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, thyroid function, and a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound scan. The key treatments to consider are first trimester progesterone administration, levothyroxine in women with subclinical hypothyroidism, and the combination of aspirin and heparin in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Appropriate screening and care for mental health issues and future obstetric risks, particularly preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth, will need to be incorporated into the care pathway for couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage. We suggest health-care services structure care using a graded model in which women are offered online health-care advice and support, care in a nurse or midwifery-led clinic, and care in a medical consultant-led clinic, according to clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arri Coomarasamy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rima K Dhillon-Smith
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Argyro Papadopoulou
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maya Al-Memar
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Brewin
- Tommy's Charity, Laurence Pountney Hill, London, UK
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ole B Christiansen
- Centre for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss of Western Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- University of Illinois Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariëtte Goddijn
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Olufemi T Oladapo
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Debra Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Epsom General Hospital, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK
| | - Rachel Small
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lesley Regan
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raj Rai
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Bourne
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oonagh Pickering
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK; Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Adam J Devall
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ioannis D Gallos
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK; Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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18
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Vomstein K, Aulitzky A, Strobel L, Bohlmann M, Feil K, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Zschocke J, Toth B. Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage: a Comparison of International Guidelines. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:769-779. [PMID: 34276063 PMCID: PMC8277441 DOI: 10.1055/a-1380-3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While roughly 30% of all women experience a spontaneous miscarriage in their lifetime, the incidence of recurrent (habitual) spontaneous miscarriage is 1 – 3% depending on the employed definition. The established risk factors include endocrine, anatomical, infection-related, genetic, haemostasis-related and immunological factors. Diagnosis is made more difficult by the sometimes diverging recommendations of the respective international specialist societies. The present study is therefore intended to provide a comparison of existing international guidelines and recommendations. The guidelines of the ESHRE, ASRM, the DGGG/OEGGG/SGGG and the recommendations of the RCOG were analysed. It was shown that investigation is indicated after 2 clinical pregnancies and the diagnosis should be made using a standardised timetable that includes the most frequent causes of spontaneous miscarriage. The guidelines concur that anatomical malformations, antiphospholipid syndrome and thyroid
dysfunction should be excluded. Moreover, the guidelines recommend carrying out pre-conception chromosomal analysis of both partners (or of the aborted material). Other risk factors have not been included in the recommendations by all specialist societies, on the one hand because of a lack of diagnostic criteria (luteal phase insufficiency) and on the other hand because of the different age of the guidelines (chronic endometritis). In addition, various economic and consensus aspects in producing the guidelines influence the individual recommendations. An understanding of the underlying decision-making process should lead in practice to the best individual diagnosis and resulting treatment being offered to each couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Vomstein
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Aulitzky
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Strobel
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Bohlmann
- Zentrum für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, St Elisabethen-Krankenhaus Lörrach gGmbH, Lörrach, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Zschocke
- Zentrum für medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Toth
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wyrwoll MJ, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Tüttelmann F. Genetic counseling and diagnostic guidelines for couples with infertility and/or recurrent miscarriage. MED GENET-BERLIN 2021; 33:3-12. [PMID: 38836211 PMCID: PMC11006321 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2021-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Around 10-15 % of all couples are infertile, rendering infertility a widespread disease. Male and female causes contribute equally to infertility, and, depending on the definition, roughly 1 % to 5 % of all couples experience recurrent miscarriages. In German-speaking countries, recommendations for infertile couples and couples with recurrent miscarriages are published as consensus-based (S2k) Guidelines by the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften" (AWMF). This article summarizes the current recommendations with regard to genetic counseling and diagnostics. Prior to genetic counseling, the infertile couple must undergo a gynecological/andrological examination, which includes anamnesis, hormonal profiling, physical examination and genital ultrasound. Women should be examined for the presence of hyperandrogenemia. Men must further undergo a semen analysis. Based on the overall results, hyper- or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be diagnosed in both sexes. Female genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, analysis of the FMR1 premutation and a gene panel including genes associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Male genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, screening for AZF microdeletions, CFTR analysis and a gene panel including genes associated with CHH. Also, gene panels are increasingly being used to causally clarify specific phenotypes such as defective sperm morphology/motility or azoospermia. As infertile couples have an increased risk for chromosomal aberrations, a chromosomal analysis should also be offered to both partners prior to undergoing assisted reproductive technology. In couples with recurrent miscarriages, karyotyping is recommended to detect balanced structural chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot J Wyrwoll
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149Münster, Germany
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van Dijk MM, Kolte AM, Limpens J, Kirk E, Quenby S, van Wely M, Goddijn M. Recurrent pregnancy loss: diagnostic workup after two or three pregnancy losses? A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:356-367. [PMID: 32103270 PMCID: PMC7161667 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in 1–3% of all couples trying to conceive. No consensus exists regarding when to perform testing for risk factors in couples with RPL. Some guidelines recommend testing if a patient has had two pregnancy losses whereas others advise to test after three losses. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence of abnormal test results for RPL amongst patients with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. We also aimed to contribute to the debate regarding whether the investigations for RPL should take place after two or three or more pregnancy losses. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search in OVID Medline and EMBASE from inception to March 2019. A search for RPL was combined with a broad search for terms indicative of number of pregnancy losses, screening/testing for pregnancy loss or the prevalence of known risk factors. Meta-analyses were performed in case of adequate clinical and statistical homogeneity. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. OUTCOMES From a total of 1985 identified publications, 21 were included in this systematic review and 19 were suitable for meta-analyses. For uterine abnormalities (seven studies, odds ratio (OR) 1.00, 95% CI 0.79–1.27, I2 = 0%) and for antiphospholipid syndrome (three studies, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.86–1.25, I2 = 0%) we found low quality evidence for a lack of a difference in prevalence of abnormal test results between couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. We found insufficient evidence of a difference in prevalence of abnormal test results between couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses for chromosomal abnormalities (10 studies, OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55–1.10), inherited thrombophilia (five studies) and thyroid disorders (two studies, OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06–4.56). WIDER IMPLICATIONS A difference in prevalence in uterine abnormalities and antiphospholipid syndrome is unlikely in women with two versus three pregnancy losses. We cannot exclude a difference in prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities, inherited thrombophilia and thyroid disorders following testing after two versus three pregnancy losses. The results of this systematic review may support investigations after two pregnancy losses in couples with RPL, but it should be stressed that additional studies of the prognostic value of test results used in the RPL population are urgently needed. An evidenced-based treatment is not currently available in the majority of cases when abnormal test results are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe M van Dijk
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Kolte
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Fertility Clinic 4071, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Kirk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- University Hospital Coventry, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte Goddijn
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Aharon E, Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Tsumi E, Pariente G. Maternal history of recurrent pregnancy loss and future risk of ophthalmic morbidity in the offspring. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13326. [PMID: 32853440 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether maternal history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with offspring childhood ophthalmic morbidity. METHOD A hospital-based cohort analysis comparing long-term offspring ophthalmic morbidity in women with and without a history of RPL was performed. Ophthalmic morbidity included hospitalizations involving a pre-defined set of ICD-9 codes. Offspring with congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality cases, and multifetal pregnancies were excluded from the analysis. Cumulative morbidity incidence was compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the risk of long-term ophthalmic morbidity was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS During the study period, 242,187 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 5% (12,182) of them were offspring born to mothers with a history of RPL. Ophthalmic morbidity was significantly more common in the RPL group (1.3% vs 0.9%, p < .001, Kaplan-Meier log-rank p < .001). Adjustment for confounders, such as maternal age, gestational age, hypertensive disorders, and maternal diabetes, using Cox regression found that being born to a mother with RPL was independently associated with long-term ophthalmic morbidity (adjusted HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.59, p < .001). CONCLUSION Being born to a mother with RPL is independently associated with an increased risk of ophthalmic morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Aharon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- The Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Erez Tsumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gali Pariente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Youssef A, Lashley L, Dieben S, Verburg H, van der Hoorn ML. Defining recurrent pregnancy loss: associated factors and prognosis in couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:679-685. [PMID: 32811769 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The definition of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) differs internationally. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) defines RPL as two or more pregnancy losses. Different definitions lead, however, to different approaches to care for couples with RPL. This study aimed to determine whether the distribution of RPL-associated factors was different in couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. If a similar distribution were found, couples with two pregnancy losses should be eligible for the same care pathway as couples with three pregnancy losses. DESIGN This single-centre, retrospective cohort study investigated 383 couples included from 2012 to 2016 at the Leiden University Medical Center RPL clinic. Details on age, body mass index, smoking status, number of pregnancy losses, mean time to pregnancy loss and performed investigations were collected. The prevalence of uterine anomalies, antiphospholipid syndrome, hereditary thrombophilia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, chromosomal abnormalities and positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies were compared in couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. RESULTS No associated factor was found in 71.5% of couples with RPL. This did not differ statistically between couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses (73.6% versus 70.6%; P = 0.569). The distribution of investigated causes did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS As the distribution of associated factors in couples with two versus three or more pregnancy losses is equal, couples with two pregnancy losses should be eligible for the same care pathway as couples with three. This study supports ESHRE's suggestion of including two pregnancy losses in the definition of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Youssef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisa Lashley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Dieben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harjo Verburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise van der Hoorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Smits MA, van Maarle M, Hamer G, Mastenbroek S, Goddijn M, van Wely M. Cytogenetic testing of pregnancy loss tissue: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40:867-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Simpson JL, Rechitsky S, Kuliev A. Before the beginning: the genetic risk of a couple aiming to conceive. Fertil Steril 2020; 112:622-630. [PMID: 31561864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of genetic etiology exist in 2%-3% of live-born infants. Identifying couples with increased susceptibility for offspring with anomalies or genetic disorders is increasingly effective as a result of molecular advances. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) with the use of trophectoderm biopsy, 24-chromosome testing, and molecular testing have allowed wider applicability for avoiding a clinical pregnancy termination. Cell-free DNA in maternal blood is another targeted option, although invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis provides the greatest amount of genetic information. DNA-based methods to detect subtle chromosomal abnormalities are much more sensitive than traditional karyotypes and do not require cultured cells. Aneuploidy and structural chromosomal abnormalities can be readily detected with the use of small amounts of DNA, if necessary amplified, as in PGT. Novel approaches exist for detecting perturbations in single-gene disorders. Not only has the molecular basis for many monogenic disorders been elucidated, but modest costs for DNA sequencing has made testing feasible. As the number of testable genetic disorders has increased, principles underlying screening have advanced. Genetic screening for disorders of high incidence in certain ethnic groups was initiated decades ago; however, limitations exist, and reduction in live-born incidence is not infrequently small. Expanded carrier screening is now offered in panethnic fashion, extending surveillance to couples of mixed ethnicities and involving many more genetic conditions. Targeted gene panels (e.g., adult-onset cancer genes) further increase the number of genetic disorders amenable to screening, often leading to PGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Leigh Simpson
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Reproductive Genetic Innovation, Northbrook, Illinois.
| | - Svetlana Rechitsky
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Reproductive Genetic Innovation, Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Anver Kuliev
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida; Reproductive Genetic Innovation, Northbrook, Illinois
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Lovrečić L, Pereza N, Jaklič H, Ostojić S, Peterlin B. Combination of QF-PCR and aCGH is an efficient diagnostic strategy for the detection of chromosome aberrations in recurrent miscarriage. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e980. [PMID: 31643138 PMCID: PMC6900363 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive genetic evaluation using the combination of QF‐PCR (quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction) and aCGH (array comparative genomic hybridization) for the detection of the frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in recurrent miscarriage (RM) in the clinical setting. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 73 first‐trimester products of conception (POC) between September 2014 and February 2017. The POCs were collected from 73 women with at least one previous miscarriage and analyzed for chromosomal anomalies using QF‐PCR and aCGH as part of the routine clinical evaluation. Results Chromosome aberrations were detected in 52/73 POCs (71.2%), of which 41 (56.2%) were identified by QF‐PCR and an additional 11 (15.1%) by aCGH. Numerical aberrations constituted 92.3% of abnormalities, with trisomies as the most common subtype (72.9%). Causative structural aberrations were found in three samples (5.8%). The frequency of chromosome aberrations was not dependent on the number of previous miscarriages, whereas it significantly increased with advanced maternal age. Conclusion Our results confirm that chromosome aberrations are the most common cause of RM and that QF‐PCR and aCGH combination should be included in the routine genetic analysis of POCs of couples with miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lovrečić
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Pereza
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Helena Jaklič
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Ostojić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wagner MM, Beshay MM, Rooijakkers S, Hermes W, Jukema JW, Le Cessie S, De Groot CJM, Ballieux BEPB, Van Lith JMM, Bloemenkamp KWM. Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:1192-1199. [PMID: 29806956 PMCID: PMC6175487 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Observational studies suggest that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Women who visited the recurrent miscarriage clinic at Leiden University Medical Center between 2000 and 2010 and who had their third consecutive miscarriage before the age of 31 years, were invited to participate in this follow-up study (between 2012 and 2014). The reference group consisted of women with at least one uncomplicated pregnancy and no miscarriage, matched by zip code, age, and date of pregnancy. All women were invited for risk factor screening, including physical examination and blood collection. Main outcome measures were the (extrapolated) 10- and 30-year cardiovascular risk scores using the Framingham risk score. A subanalysis was performed for women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. RESULTS Thirty-six women were included in both groups. Mean follow up was 7.5 years. Women with recurrent miscarriage had a significantly higher extrapolated 10-year cardiovascular risk score (mean 6.24%, SD 5.44) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 3.56%, SD 1.82, P = .007) and a significantly higher 30-year cardiovascular risk score (mean 9.86%, SD 9.10) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 6.39%, SD 4.20, P = .04). Similar results were found in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (n = 28). CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of recurrent miscarriage differ in cardiovascular risk profile at a young age compared with women with no miscarriage. The findings support an opportunity to identify women at risk of cardiovascular disease later in life and a possible moment for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise M Wagner
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mary M Beshay
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Rooijakkers
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wietske Hermes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M De Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart E P B Ballieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M M Van Lith
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kitty W M Bloemenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics Birth Center Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, Division Women and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Toth B, Würfel W, Bohlmann M, Zschocke J, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Nawroth F, Schleußner E, Rogenhofer N, Wischmann T, von Wolff M, Hancke K, von Otte S, Kuon R, Feil K, Tempfer C. Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/050). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:364-381. [PMID: 29720743 PMCID: PMC5925690 DOI: 10.1055/a-0586-4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Official guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (ÖGGG) and the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The aim of this guideline was to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of couples with recurrent miscarriage (RM). Recommendations were based on the current literature and the views of the involved committee members. Methods Based on the current literature, the committee members developed the statements and recommendations of this guideline in a formalized process which included DELPHI rounds and a formal consensus meeting. Recommendations Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RM were compiled based on the international literature. Specific established risk factors such as chromosomal, anatomical, endocrine, hemostatic, psychological, infectious and immunological disorders were taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Toth
- Klinik für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Zschocke
- Zentrum für Medizinische Genetik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Nina Rogenhofer
- Klinikum der Universität München - Frauenklinik Maistraße, München, Germany
| | - Tewes Wischmann
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael von Wolff
- Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Hancke
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sören von Otte
- Kinderwunschzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruben Kuon
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Klinik für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Tempfer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Bender Atik R, Christiansen OB, Elson J, Kolte AM, Lewis S, Middeldorp S, Nelen W, Peramo B, Quenby S, Vermeulen N, Goddijn M. ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2018:hoy004. [PMID: 31486805 PMCID: PMC6276652 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the recommended management of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) based on the best available evidence in the literature? SUMMARY ANSWER The guideline development group formulated 77 recommendations answering 18 key questions on investigations and treatments for RPL, and on how care should be organized. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A previous guideline for the investigation and medical treatment of recurrent miscarriage was published in 2006 and is in need of an update. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The guideline was developed according to the structured methodology for development of ESHRE guidelines. After formulation of key questions by a group of experts, literature searches and assessments were performed. Papers published up to 31 March 2017 and written in English were included. Cumulative live birth rate, live birth rate and pregnancy loss rate (or miscarriage rate) were considered the critical outcomes. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Based on the collected evidence, recommendations were formulated and discussed until consensus was reached within the guideline group. A stakeholder review was organized after finalization of the draft. The final version was approved by the guideline group and the ESHRE Executive Committee. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The guideline provides 38 recommendations on risk factors, prevention and investigations in couples with RPL, and 39 recommendations on treatments. These include 60 evidence-based recommendations – of which 31 were formulated as strong recommendations and 29 as conditional – and 17 good practice points. The evidence supporting investigations and treatment of couples with RPL is limited and of moderate quality. Of the evidence-based recommendations, only 10 (16.3%) were supported by moderate quality evidence. The remaining recommendations were supported by low (35 recommendations: 57.4%), or very low quality evidence (16 recommendations: 26.2%). There were no recommendations based on high quality evidence. Owing to the lack of evidence-based investigations and treatments in RPL care, the guideline also clearly mentions investigations and treatments that should not be used for couples with RPL. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Several investigations and treatments are offered to couples with RPL, but most of them are not well studied. For most of these investigations and treatments, a recommendation against the intervention or treatment was formulated based on insufficient evidence. Future studies may require these recommendations to be revised. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The guideline provides clinicians with clear advice on best practice in RPL, based on the best evidence available. In addition, a list of research recommendations is provided to stimulate further studies in RPL. One of the most important consequences of the limited evidence is the absence of evidence for a definition of RPL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The guideline was developed and funded by ESHRE, covering expenses associated with the guideline meetings, with the literature searches and with the dissemination of the guideline. The guideline group members did not receive payment. J.E. reports position funding from CARE Fertility. S.L. reports position funding from SpermComet Ltd. S.M. reports research grants, consulting and speaker’s fees from GSK, BMS/Pfizer, Sanquin, Aspen, Bayer and Daiichi Sankyo. S.Q. reports speaker’s fees from Ferring. The other authors report no conflicts of interest. ESHRE Pages are not externally peer reviewed. This article has been approved by the Executive Committee of ESHRE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Bender Atik
- Miscarriage Association, 17 Wentworth Terrace, Wakefield WF1 3QW, UK
| | - Ole Bjarne Christiansen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Aalborg, Reberbansgade 15, Aalborg 9000, Denmark.,University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit Kobenhavn, Fertility Clinic 4071Blegdamsvej 9, DK 2100 Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Janine Elson
- CARE Fertility Group, John Webster House, 6 Lawrence Drive, Nottingham NG8 6PZ, UK
| | - Astrid Marie Kolte
- University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit Kobenhavn, Fertility Clinic 4071Blegdamsvej 9, DK 2100 Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Sheena Lewis
- School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Queens University of Belfast, Weavers Court Business Park, Linfield Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT12 5GH, UK
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine Amsterdam, Meilbergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Willianne Nelen
- Radboudumc, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Braulio Peramo
- Al Ain Fertility Clinic, Al Ain, 29 Street, Al Jimi PO Box 13844, Al Ain 13844, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- University of Warwick, Division of Reproductive Health Clinical Science Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | | | - Mariëtte Goddijn
- Academic Medical Center, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, Meilbergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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Kalotra V, Lall M, Saviour P, Verma IC, Kaur A. Prevalence of Cytogenetic Anomalies in Couples with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Case-control Study. J Hum Reprod Sci 2018; 10:302-309. [PMID: 29430159 PMCID: PMC5799936 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_68_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: About 15%–20% of couples get affected by recurrent miscarriages (RM) and chromosomal abnormality in one partner affects 3%–6% of RM couples. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of cytogenetic anomalies in couples with RM. Settings and Design: A case–control study was undertaken, in which 243 couples who had experienced 2 or >2 miscarriages were investigated for chromosomal abnormalities and compared with 208 healthy, age-matched control couples who had at least one healthy live born and no history of miscarriages. Material and Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes were cultured using PB-Max Karyotyping medium (GIBCO) for chromosomal analysis and 20 metaphases were analyzed for each individual. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test was used for statistical evaluation and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all instances. Results: The current study revealed 3.1% RM cases showing structural chromosomal aberrations, of which balanced translocations and Robertsonian translocations constituted 66.7% and 26.7% cases, respectively, while inversions constituted 6.7% abnormal RM cases. Polymorphic variations were observed in 1.9% RM patients and 1.2% controls as well. However, the number of abortions were significantly more (P = 0.027) in male carriers of balanced translocations as compared to female carriers in the RM group. There was no significant difference for age (P = 0.539) between RM women and control women. Conclusions: Although similar studies exist in literature, our study is the first of its kind from our region that has compared the chromosomal anomalies between the RM group and the control group. We observed 3.1% of balanced translocations and an increased number (though nonsignificant) of polymorphic variations and satellite associations in the RM group as compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishali Kalotra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.,Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Lall
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushpa Saviour
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Chander Verma
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Swoboda M, Zschocke J. Genetische Untersuchungen bei wiederholten Spontanaborten. DER GYNÄKOLOGE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00129-018-4205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alhalabi N, Al-Achkar W, Wafa A, Kenj M, Alhalabi M. De novo Balanced Robertsonian Translocation rob(22;22)(q10;q10) in a Woman with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Rare Case. J Reprod Infertil 2018; 19:61-66. [PMID: 29850449 PMCID: PMC5960054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), one of the most common complications of pregnancy, is responsible for significant emotional distress to the couple desiring to conceive. In almost 50% of the cases, the etiology remains unknown. The frequency of chromosomal structural rearrangements associated with a history of RPL in couples varies between 2% to 8%. Robertsonian translocations (ROBs) have an estimated incidence rate of 1/1000 births, making this type of rearrangement the most common structural chromosomal abnormalities seen in the general population. According to the literature, there are few RPL cases with rob (22;22). CASE PRESENTATION This case is a Syrian female offered to the Orient Hospital (Damascus, Syria), having RPL in the first trimester, no fetal malformations, and/or no neonatal death. She had a balanced chromosomal translocation involved the both short arms of chromosome 22. Banding cytogenetics, refined by array-proven multicolor banding (aMCB) revealed a rob (22; 22)(q10;q10). Her husband had a normal karyotype. Interestingly, chromosomal analysis was performed for her other family members and it revealed normal karyotype for all people, which indicates that translocation is of de novo origin. However, the couple did not have any living offspring after seven years of marriage. CONCLUSION The present case was a case of RPL occurring due to rob (22;22). However, the rob(22;22)(q10;10) is the cause of recurrent abortions. Couples with the history of RPL should be suggested to do cytogenetic analysis in order to estimate whether they have chromosomal rearrangement. This diagnostic approach is of great significance to figure out what causes RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawras Alhalabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria,Corresponding Author: Nawras Alhalabi, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria, E-mail:
| | - Walid Al-Achkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdulsamad Wafa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mazen Kenj
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Orient Hospital, Damascus, Syria,Kenj Cytogenetics Laboratory, Damascus, Syria
| | - Marwan Alhalabi
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Orient Hospital, Damascus, Syria,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Genetics and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Etiological evaluation of repeated biochemical pregnancy in infertile couples who have undergone in vitro fertilization. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2017; 60:565-570. [PMID: 29184865 PMCID: PMC5694731 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2017.60.6.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate whether there are any notable etiologies for repeated biochemical pregnancy (RBP) and, if so, to compare those etiologies associated with repeated spontaneous abortion in infertile couples who have undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods Forty-four infertile couples who underwent IVF and experienced RBP were included in this study. RBP was defined as more than 2 early pregnancy losses that occurred before the detection of a gestational sac, with ectopic pregnancies specifically excluded by serial serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin evaluation. Forty-three infertile couples who underwent IVF and experienced recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) were included as a control group. Karyotype analysis, anatomic evaluation of uterus, endocrine and immunological evaluation were performed. In addition, the number of pregnant women confirmed by 12 weeks' gestation was compared between groups. Results Immunological factors (RSA: 20.9% vs. RBP: 29.5%, P=0.361), diminished ovarian reserve (RSA: 10.9% vs. RBP: 17%, P=0.552), and parental chromosomal abnormalities (RSA: 18.6% vs. RBP: 9.1%, P=0.218) were not different between groups. Additionally, the incidence of uterine factors (RSA: 11.6% vs. RBP: 4.6%, P=0.206), unknown cause (RSA: 48.8% vs. RBP: 54.5%, P=0.161), and the pregnancy outcome identified until 12 weeks' gestation (RSA: 46.5% vs. RBP: 38.6%, P=0.520) did not differ between groups. Conclusion In the present study, the causes of RBP after IVF were similar to those of RSA. Accordingly, we suggest that efforts should be made to define the etiology of RBP, particularly for infertile couples, and that possible management strategies should be offered.
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Assessment of novel cardiovascular biomarkers in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017; 11:129-135. [PMID: 29102596 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A history of recurrent miscarriage is associated with future cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine novel cardiovascular biomarkers in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage as this might lead to a better understanding of the association. STUDY DESIGN Women who visited the recurrent miscarriage clinic at Leiden University Medical Centre (between 2000 and 2010), and had three consecutive miscarriages ≤30 years were invited to participate in this follow-up study (between 2012 and 2014). The reference group consisted of women with at least one uncomplicated pregnancy and a history of no miscarriage, matched on zip code, age, and date of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular biomarkers were determined, classified into; inflammation (HsCRP, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2), thrombosis (homocysteine, folate, anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-ß-2-glycoprotein antibodies), lipid metabolism (lipoprotein(a)), renal function (creatinine, microalbuminuria), myocardial damage (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, high sensitive TroponineT) and multiple mechanisms (albumin, vitamin D). RESULTS In both groups, 36 women were included. Women with recurrent miscarriage had a significantly higher median HsCRP (1.49 mg/L) compared to women with no miscarriage (1.01 mg/L, p = 0.03) and a significantly lower mean albumin (46.0 vs 47.6g/L, p = 0.004) and vitamin D (55.6 vs 75.4nmol/L, p = 0.007), respectively. Differences remained after adjustments for classic cardiovascular risk factors (BMI, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a proinflammatory state in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, which suggests a less optimal health, compared to women with no miscarriage. More research (observational and intervention) is warranted to investigate the association with vitamin D.
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Shaaban OM, Abbas AM, Zahran KM, Fathalla MM, Anan MA, Salman SA. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for the Treatment of Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage With Negative Antiphospholipid Antibodies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 23:567-572. [PMID: 27572887 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616665167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is one of the most common clinical problems in reproduction with no definite cause in about 50% of the cases. The study aims to evaluate the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of women with RM negatively tested for antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs). METHODS An open-labeled registered randomized controlled study (NCT 01608347) included women who attended the outpatient clinic in Assiut Women Health Hospital and Nag-Hamady Central Hospital, Egypt, with 3 or more unexplained RM. Eligible participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The study group included 150 patients receiving LMWH (Tinzaparin sodium 4500 IU) subcutaneous daily injection with 500 µg folic acid once daily orally started once positive pregnancy test till the 20th week of gestation. The control group included 150 patients receiving the same dose of folic acid alone. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of continuation of a viable pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation. RESULTS There was no significant difference between both groups as regards age, parity, or number of previous miscarriages. There was a significant increase in women who continued their pregnancy beyond 20 weeks in the study group compared to the control group (73.3% vs 48%, respectively; P = .002). The take-home baby rate was also significantly higher in the LMWH group compared to the control group ( P = .001). CONCLUSION Early start of LMWH decreases the incidence of miscarriage in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy in women with unexplained RM negative for APAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Shaaban
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kamal M Zahran
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Fathalla
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Anan
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nag-Hamady Hospital, Qena, Egypt
| | - Safwat A Salman
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Kuon RJ, Togawa R, Vomstein K, Weber M, Goeggl T, Strowitzki T, Markert UR, Zimmermann S, Daniel V, Dalpke AH, Toth B. Higher prevalence of colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in patients with recurrent miscarriage and elevated peripheral natural killer cells. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 120:15-19. [PMID: 28388469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of vaginal infections in recurrent miscarriage (RM) is discussed controversially and screening is not recommended in international guidelines. Peripheral and uterine NK cells (pNK, uNK) play an important role in the establishment of a healthy pregnancy and are targets of immune diagnostics in RM patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota in RM patients and to correlate the findings to clinical characteristics as well as NK cell parameters. In total, n=243 RM patients with ≥3 consecutive miscarriages were recruited between 11/2011 and 03/2016. Vaginal swabs were analyzed by microbiological culture. Further, a cervical swab was taken in n=187 patients and the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated by a molecular assay. Peripheral blood levels of CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+ pNK (determined by four-color fluorescence flow cytometry) and CD56+ uNK (uterine biopsy, determined by immunohistochemistry) were analyzed. The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis colonization in RM patients was 19.0%, gram-negative anaerobes 20.5%, Candida species 7.9%, group B Streptococcus 11.0% and Enterobacteriaceae 14.8%. Commensal lactobacilli were absent in 14.5% of the women. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in n=1 case (0.53%). The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in RM patients with elevated pNK (>280/μl, n=69) was significantly higher (p=0.012, p=0.04) compared to patients with normal pNK (n=174). In conclusion, RM patients with elevated pNK suffer more often from colonization by Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes. This might indicate an association between the vaginal microbiota, local inflammation, changes in immune parameters and miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kuon
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Togawa
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Vomstein
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weber
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - T Goeggl
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Daniel
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Toth
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ismail AM, Abbas AM, Bakry AK, Abu-Elhassan AM, Mohamed AO, Badr G, Youssef MA. Expression of ERK and Akt proteins in women with unexplained first-trimester recurrent miscarriage. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pundir J, Magdalani L, El-Toukhy T. Outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis using FISH analysis for recurrent miscarriage in low-risk reciprocal translocation carriers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 203:214-9. [PMID: 27343738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess PGD outcome using FISH analysis in couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage associated with a parental carrier of reciprocal translocation. STUDY DESIGN Couples in whom one partner was a carrier of a reciprocal translocation and had a history of two or more miscarriages and a low risk of a live born offspring with an unbalanced chromosomal rearrangement, underwent PGD treatment between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS 91 couples started 171 fresh and 11 frozen PGD cycles. Of the fresh cycles, 162 (95%) reached oocyte retrieval and 107 (63%) had embryo transfer. In 14 cycles (8%), surplus embryos were cryopreserved. Pregnancy was achieved in 52 fresh PGD cycles, leading to 20 miscarriages and 32 live births. Eleven frozen embryo transfer cycles resulted in two miscarriages and three live births. The overall live birth rate was 19% per fresh and frozen PGD cycle started (35/182) and miscarriage rate was 39% per pregnancy (22/57). The cumulative live birth rate was 32% per couple (29/91). CONCLUSION After PGD for recurrent miscarriage in low-risk reciprocal translocation carriers, the miscarriage risk remains high and chance of live birth is low. For those translocation carriers, natural conception may be a better option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Pundir
- Centre of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Laurice Magdalani
- Centre of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tarek El-Toukhy
- Centre of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Toth B, Würfel W, Bohlmann MK, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Nawroth F, Rogenhofer N, Tempfer C, Wischmann T, von Wolff M. Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG (S1-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/050, December 2013). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2015; 75:1117-1129. [PMID: 26997666 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Official guideline coordinated and published by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). Aim of the guideline was to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM). Recommendations were proposed, based on the current national and international literature and the experience of the involved physicians. Consistent definitions, objective assessments and standardized therapy were applied. Methods: Members of the different involved societies developed a consensus in an informal process based on the current literature. The consensus was subsequently approved by the heads of the scientific societies. Recommendations: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RM were compiled which took the importance of established risk factors such as chromosomal, anatomical, endocrine, hemostatic, psychological, infectious and immunological disorders into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Toth
- Abteilung für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fertilitätsstörungen, Universitätsfrauenklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - W Würfel
- Kinderwunsch Centrum München-Pasing, München
| | - M K Bohlmann
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | | | - F Nawroth
- Facharzt-Zentrum für Kinderwunsch, Pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologie und Osteologie, Hamburg
| | - N Rogenhofer
- Hormon und Kinderwunschzentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München
| | - C Tempfer
- Universitätsfrauenklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Marienhospital Herne, Herne
| | - T Wischmann
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie im Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - M von Wolff
- Inselspital, Universitätsfrauenklinik, Abteilung Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Bern, Switzerland
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Shakarami F, Akbari MT, Zare Karizi S. Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2015; 13:627-32. [PMID: 26644791 PMCID: PMC4668350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) defined by two or more failed pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation. Several factors play a role in RPL including thrombophilic conditions which can be influenced by gene polymorphisms. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes are closely related to fibrinolytic process, embryonic development and pregnancy success. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RPL and common polymorphisms in ACE and PAI-1 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case control study, 100 women with recurrent abortions (at least two) were selected as cases and 100 healthy women with two or more normal term deliveries without a history of abortion as controls. Total genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes. The status of the PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE (D/I) polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Homozygosity for PAI-1 4G polymorphism was seen in 17 cases (17%), and 5 controls (5%) (p=0.006) so patients with homozygote 4G mutation were significantly more prone to RPL in contrast to control group (OR: 4.63, % 95 CI: 1.55-13.84). In addition, 7 patients (7 %), and no one from the control group, were homozygote (I/I) for ACE polymorphism (p=0.034), suggesting no significant associations between ACE D allele or DD genotype and RPL. CONCLUSION Considering these results, because 4G/4G polymorphism for PAI-1 gene could be a thrombophilic variant leading to abortion, analysis of this mutation and other susceptibility factors are recommended in patients with RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Taghi Akbari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Medical Genetics Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Zare Karizi
- Department of Biology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva, Iran.
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Patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage show higher levels of DR+ activated T-cells that are less responsive to mitogens. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:82-7. [PMID: 26398781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 50% of recurrent miscarriages (RM) the cause remains unknown and standardized immunological diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic RM (iRM) is yet not established. In this prospective case-control study, out of 220 RM patients screened, 97 iRM patients were identified and compared to 26 healthy controls without a previous pregnancy or blood transfusion in order to identify deregulated immunological parameters. Blood levels of lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines and neopterin were determined by FACS, ELISA, and Luminex technique. Lymphocyte function was studied by in-vitro lympocyte proliferation tests. As compared to controls, patients had significantly higher proportions of activated CD3+DR+, CD4+DR+ and CD8+DR+ lymphocytes, elevated levels of neopterin and a lower in-vitro proliferation of lymphocytes (all p<0.05). Within the iRM patients higher proportions of CD3+DR+ T-lymphocytes correlated with higher proportions and absolute numbers of CD4+DR+ and CD8+DR+ T-lymphocytes and lower CD16+CD56+ NK-cells. Further, it was associated with lower absolute numbers of CD19+ B-lymphocytes, CD3+CD25+ T-lymphocytes and CD45+ total lymphocytes (all p<0.05). In addition we found decreased in-vitro lymphocyte proliferation in iRM patients with high CD3+DR+ T-lymphocytes (p<0.05). In summary patients with iRM showed increased activated T-cells that are less responsive to mitogens in-vitro. The inverse relationship of increased DR but decreased CD25 expression on CD3+ T-cells and the decreased in-vitro proliferation characterize an immunological disorder with similarities to T-cell exhaustion in patients with HIV and cancer. These abnormalities potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of iRM and might be a target for future immunomodulatory therapies.
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Early pregnancy care over time: should we promote an early pregnancy assessment unit? Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Lv Y, Wang L, Gong C, Sun J, Chen X, Chen Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Yang X, Bai C, Wei Z, Li G. MicroRNAome in decidua: a new approach to assess the maintenance of pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:980-989.e6. [PMID: 25747134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comparatively analyze the human microRNAomes between normal pregnant and miscarriage deciduas by an in-depth sequencing of microRNA (miRNA); and to specifically examine miRNA-199b-5p and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in vivo and in vitro for their possible roles in pregnancy maintenance. DESIGN Samples of deciduas from 6-8-week spontaneous miscarriages and normal pregnant women were irrespectively collected and comparatively analyzed by miRNA sequencing. The miR-199b-5p and SGK1 expressions were validated in vivo and in vitro. SETTING University research and clinical institutes. PATIENT(S) In this experimental study, samples of deciduas were obtained from October 2011 to April 2012 from 29 women with spontaneous miscarriages and 35 normal pregnant women (control group) who underwent pregnancy termination at 6-8 weeks at our university gynecology unit. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial biopsies, cell transfection, and production of an miR-199b-5p transgenic mouse model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) In-depth sequencing of the miRNAome on human deciduas was performed for statistically significant differences in miRNA expression. Expression levels of SGK1 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting (Western blot) in vitro while miR-199b-5p is overexpressed or knockdown in miR-199b-5p transgenic mice. RESULT(S) Expression of the 1,921 known miRNAs was analyzed in the study. In aborted deciduas, 0.57% of the miRNAs were expressed abundantly (>10,000 transcripts per million) and represented 86.38% of all the miRNA reads. Six miRNAs were down-regulated (let-7a-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7g-5p, let-7e-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-98), whereas miR-199b-5p was significantly up-regulated. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-199b-5p in HEK293T and Ishikawa cells decreased or increased SGK1 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-199b-5p in human endometrial stromal cells or in transgenic mouse decreased SGK1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) Among the miRNAomes, the abundant expression of the let-7 members was decreased in aborted samples, whereas miR-199b-5p expression was consistently increased. A significant inverse correlation was found between miR-199b-5p and SGK1 in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Gong
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukui Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Bai
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuying Wei
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of the National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
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Kuon RJ, Strowitzki T, Sohn C, Daniel V, Toth B. Immune profiling in patients with recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:136-41. [PMID: 25771397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the maternal immune system for successful and disturbed pregnancies such as recurrent miscarriage (RM) is apparent. Recent studies have increased understanding of the complex interaction of the different immunological players and the adaptation of the maternal immune system to the semi-allogeneic embryo. There is growing evidence for immunological abnormalities in RM patients, including autoimmune and allogeneic factors. However, the question remains unsolved whether these changes represent the cause or the consequence of RM. As in half of the RM patients the underlying mechanism remains unknown, further diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Within this review we summarize (recent) literature on the immunological diagnosis in RM patients to find out current trends and to identify potential targets of therapy. As the exact mechanisms of feto-maternal tolerance have not yet been determined we suggest that the immunological diagnosis should be implemented only in well-designed clinical trials in specialized centers to establish a standardized immunological work-up in RM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kuon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Daniel
- Department of Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, INF 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Toth
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of subsequent adverse obstetric outcomes in women with prior pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 107:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gallot V, Nedellec S, Capmas P, Legendre G, Lejeune-Saada V, Subtil D, Nizard J, Levêque J, Deffieux X, Hervé B, Vialard F. Fausses couches précoces « à répétition » : bilan et prise en charge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:812-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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De Krom G, Arens YHJM, Coonen E, Van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Evers JLH, Van Golde RJT, De Die-Smulders CEM. Recurrent miscarriage in translocation carriers: no differences in clinical characteristics between couples who accept and couples who decline PGD. Hum Reprod 2014; 30:484-9. [PMID: 25432924 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do clinical characteristics of recurrent miscarriage couples with a chromosomal abnormality and who opt for PGD differ from couples that decline PGD after extensive genetic counselling? SUMMARY ANSWER No differences in clinical characteristics are identified between recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality who opt for PGD compared with those that decline PGD after extensive genetic counselling. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Couples who have experienced two or more miscarriages (recurrent miscarriage) are at increased recurrence risk if one of the partners carries a structural chromosomal abnormality. PGD can be offered to avoid (another) miscarriage or pregnancy termination when (invasive) prenatal diagnosis shows an abnormal result. To date, no reports are available that describe reproductive decision-making after genetic counselling on PGD in these specific couples. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study of 294 couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality seeking genetic counselling on PGD between 1996 and 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality. They had been referred for genetic counselling to the only national licensed PGD centre. Clinical characteristics analysed included couple associated characteristics, characteristics concerning reproductive history and external characteristics such as type of physician that referred the couple for genetic counselling and the clinical geneticist performing the counselling on PGD. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 294 couples referred for counselling on PGD, 26 were not accepted because they did not meet the criteria for IVF-PGD. The remaining cohort of 268 couples consisted of two-thirds female and one-third male carriers. Main PGD indications were reciprocal translocations (83.9%) and Robertsonian translocations (16.7%). Following genetic counselling, 76.9% of included couples chose PGD as their reproductive option, the others declined PGD. Reproductive choice is not influenced by sex of the translocation carrier (P = 0.499), type of chromosomal abnormality (P = 0.346), number of previous miscarriages (P = 0.882), history of termination of pregnancy (TOP) because of an unbalanced fetal karyotype (P = 0.800), referring physician (P = 0.208) or geneticist who performed the counselling (P = 0.410). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study only included recurrent miscarriage couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality, who were actually referred to a PGD clinic for genetic counselling. We lack information on couples who were not referred for PGD. Some of these patients may not have been informed on PGD at all, while others were not referred for counselling because they did not opt for PGD to start with. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study shows that reproductive choices in couples with recurrent miscarriage on the basis of a structural chromosomal abnormality are not influenced by characteristics of the couple itself, nor by their obstetric history or external characteristics. These findings suggest that a couples' intrinsic attitude towards PGD treatment is a major factor influencing their reproductive choice. Future research will focus on these personal motives that seem to push reproductive decision-making following genetic counselling in a given direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Krom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Y H J M Arens
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Coonen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Meijer-Hoogeveen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L H Evers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R J T Van Golde
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C E M De Die-Smulders
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage: A comparison of cytogenetic diagnosis in 250 cases. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2014; 57:518-25. [PMID: 25469342 PMCID: PMC4245347 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2014.57.6.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of cytogenetically abnormal miscarriages in couples with spontaneous abortions (SA) or recurrent miscarriages (RM). Methods Karyotyping of specimens from 164 abortuses with SA and 86 abortuses with RM was successfully performed according to the standard cytogenetic methods using G-banding technique. Results Among the total 164 cases of SA group, 81 (49.4%) were euploid and the rest (83, 50.6%) showed chromosomal abnormalities. In RM(≥2) and RM(≥3) group, 31 (36.0%)/27 (34.6%) cases were euploid and 55 (64.0%)/51(65.4%) cases were abnormal, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the rate of cytogenetic abnormality between SA and RM groups (P<0.05). In all groups, women with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) had a higher rate of chromosome anomalies compared with women younger than age 35 (normal:abnormal = 32.4%:67.6% for ≥35 years and 53.8%:46.2% for <35 years in SA; 19.2%:80.8%/21.7%:78.3% for ≥35 years and 43.3%:56.7%/40.0%:60.0% for <35 years in RM(≥2) and RM(≥3), respectively; P<0.05). In SA group, an increase of normal karyotypes was noted with increased gestational age (<10 week, 38.0%; 10-15 week, 53.5%; 16-20 week, 65.7%). In RM group, most of cases were in <10 week and the frequency of trisomies with chromosomes 1 to 10 were increased compared with that of SA. Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities between SA and RM groups. Our results will provide useful information for diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with SA or RM.
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Zastavna D, Sosnina K, Terpylyak O, Huleyuk N, Bezkorovayna H, Mikula M, Helner N. Cytogenetic and immunogenetic analysis of recurrent pregnancy loss in women. CYTOL GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452714040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Jong PG, Kaandorp S, Di Nisio M, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S. Aspirin and/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD004734. [PMID: 24995856 PMCID: PMC6769058 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004734.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the chance of live birth in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant agents, such as aspirin and heparin, in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (1 October 2013) and scanned bibliographies of all located articles for any unidentified articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of anticoagulant treatment on live birth in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia were eligible. Interventions included aspirin, unfractionated heparin (UFH), and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of miscarriage. One treatment could be compared with another or with no-treatment (or placebo). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (PJ and SK) assessed the studies for inclusion in the review and extracted the data. If necessary they contacted study authors for more information. We double checked the data. MAIN RESULTS Nine studies, including data of 1228 women, were included in the review evaluating the effect of either LMWH (enoxaparin or nadroparin in varying doses) or aspirin or a combination of both, on the chance of live birth in women with recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia. Studies were heterogeneous with regard to study design and treatment regimen and three studies were considered to be at high risk of bias. Two of these three studies at high risk of bias showed a benefit of one treatment over the other, but in sensitivity analyses (in which studies at high risk of bias were excluded) anticoagulants did not have a beneficial effect on live birth, regardless of which anticoagulant was evaluated (risk ratio (RR) for live birth in women who received aspirin compared to placebo 0.94, (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80 to 1.11, n = 256), in women who received LMWH compared to aspirin RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.26, n = 239), and in women who received LMWH and aspirin compared to no-treatment RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.16) n = 322).Obstetric complications such as preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations were not significantly affected by any treatment regimen. In included studies, aspirin did not increase the risk of bleeding, but treatment with LWMH and aspirin increased the risk of bleeding significantly in one study. Local skin reactions (pain, itching, swelling) to injection of LMWH were reported in almost 40% of patients in the same study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a limited number of studies on the efficacy and safety of aspirin and heparin in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia. Of the nine reviewed studies quality varied, different treatments were studied and of the studies at low risk of bias only one was placebo-controlled. No beneficial effect of anticoagulants in studies at low risk of bias was found. Therefore, this review does not support the use of anticoagulants in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. The effect of anticoagulants in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and inherited thrombophilia needs to be assessed in further randomised controlled trials; at present there is no evidence of a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien G de Jong
- Academic Medical CenterDepartment of Vascular MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
| | - Stef Kaandorp
- WestfriesgasthuisObstetrics and GynaecologyMaelsonstraat 3P.O. Box 600HoornNoord HollandNetherlands1620 AR
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Academic Medical CenterDepartment of Vascular MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
- University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti‐PescaraDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciencesvia dei Vestini 31ChietiItaly66013
| | - Mariëtte Goddijn
- Academic Medical Center University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DE
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Academic Medical CenterDepartment of Vascular MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
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de Jong PG, Kaandorp S, Di Nisio M, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S. Aspirin and/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2014. [PMID: 24995856 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004734.pub4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the chance of live birth in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant agents, such as aspirin and heparin, in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (1 October 2013) and scanned bibliographies of all located articles for any unidentified articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of anticoagulant treatment on live birth in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia were eligible. Interventions included aspirin, unfractionated heparin (UFH), and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of miscarriage. One treatment could be compared with another or with no-treatment (or placebo). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (PJ and SK) assessed the studies for inclusion in the review and extracted the data. If necessary they contacted study authors for more information. We double checked the data. MAIN RESULTS Nine studies, including data of 1228 women, were included in the review evaluating the effect of either LMWH (enoxaparin or nadroparin in varying doses) or aspirin or a combination of both, on the chance of live birth in women with recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia. Studies were heterogeneous with regard to study design and treatment regimen and three studies were considered to be at high risk of bias. Two of these three studies at high risk of bias showed a benefit of one treatment over the other, but in sensitivity analyses (in which studies at high risk of bias were excluded) anticoagulants did not have a beneficial effect on live birth, regardless of which anticoagulant was evaluated (risk ratio (RR) for live birth in women who received aspirin compared to placebo 0.94, (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80 to 1.11, n = 256), in women who received LMWH compared to aspirin RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.26, n = 239), and in women who received LMWH and aspirin compared to no-treatment RR 1.01 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.16) n = 322).Obstetric complications such as preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations were not significantly affected by any treatment regimen. In included studies, aspirin did not increase the risk of bleeding, but treatment with LWMH and aspirin increased the risk of bleeding significantly in one study. Local skin reactions (pain, itching, swelling) to injection of LMWH were reported in almost 40% of patients in the same study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a limited number of studies on the efficacy and safety of aspirin and heparin in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without inherited thrombophilia. Of the nine reviewed studies quality varied, different treatments were studied and of the studies at low risk of bias only one was placebo-controlled. No beneficial effect of anticoagulants in studies at low risk of bias was found. Therefore, this review does not support the use of anticoagulants in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. The effect of anticoagulants in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and inherited thrombophilia needs to be assessed in further randomised controlled trials; at present there is no evidence of a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien G de Jong
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1105 AZ
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