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Vranceanu M, Filip L, Hegheș SC, de Lorenzo D, Cozma-Petruț A, Ghitea TC, Stroia CM, Banc R, Mîrza OM, Miere D, Cozma V, Popa DS. Genes Involved in Susceptibility to Obesity and Emotional Eating Behavior in a Romanian Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2652. [PMID: 39203789 PMCID: PMC11357152 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a significant public health concern with high prevalence in both adults and children, is a complex disorder arising from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing technologies have identified numerous polygenic causes of obesity, particularly genes involved in hunger, satiety signals, adipocyte differentiation, and energy expenditure. This study investigates the relationship between six obesity-related genes (CLOCK, FTO, GHRL, LEP, LEPR, MC4R) and their impact on BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and emotional eating behavior in 220 Romanian adults. Emotional eating was assessed using the validated Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ). Our analysis revealed significant variability in obesity-related phenotypes and emotional eating behaviors across different genotypes. Specifically, CLOCK/CC, FTO/AA, and LEP/AA genotypes were strongly associated with higher obesity metrics and emotional eating scores, while GHRL/TT and MC4R/CC were linked to increased BMI and WHR. The interplay between genetic predisposition and emotional eating behavior significantly influenced BMI and WHR, indicating a complex relationship between genetic and behavioral factors. This study, the first of its kind in Romania, provides a foundation for targeted interventions to prevent and reduce obesity and suggests potential strategies for gene expression modulation to mitigate the effects of emotional eating. Adopting a 'One Health' approach by creating an evidence base derived from both human and animal studies is crucial for understanding how to control obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vranceanu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.-S.P.)
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 3 Ilfov St, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Facullty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - David de Lorenzo
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Doctoral Scool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.)
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Doctoral Scool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.)
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Oana Maria Mîrza
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S.), 61, Mărăști Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.-S.P.)
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Chen J, Xiao WC, Zhao JJ, Heitkamp M, Chen DF, Shan R, Yang ZR, Liu Z. FTO genotype and body mass index reduction in childhood obesity interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13715. [PMID: 38320834 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Numerous guidelines have called for personalized interventions to address childhood obesity. The role of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in the risk of childhood obesity has been summarized. However, it remains unclear whether FTO could influence individual responses to obesity interventions, especially in children. To address this, we systematically reviewed 12,255 records across 10 databases/registers and included 13 lifestyle-based obesity interventions (3980 children with overweight/obesity) reporting changes in body mass index (BMI) Z-score, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage after interventions. These obesity-related outcomes were first compared between children carrying different FTO genotypes (rs9939609 or its proxy) and then synthesized by random-effect meta-analysis models. The results from single-group interventions showed no evidence of associations between FTO risk allele and changes in obesity-related outcomes after interventions (e.g., BMI Z-score: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.01). The results from controlled trials showed that associations between the FTO risk allele and changes in obesity-related outcomes did not differ by intervention/control group. To conclude, the FTO risk allele might play a minor role in the response to obesity interventions among children. Future studies might pay more attention to the accumulation effect of multiple genes in the intervention process among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Cai Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Melanie Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital "Klinikum rechts der Isar," Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Da-Fang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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D’Urso S, Hwang LD. New Insights into Polygenic Score-Lifestyle Interactions for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors from Genome-Wide Interaction Analyses. Nutrients 2023; 15:4815. [PMID: 38004209 PMCID: PMC10675788 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between lifestyles and cardiometabolic outcomes varies between individuals. In 382,275 UK Biobank Europeans, we investigate how lifestyles interact with polygenic scores (PGS) of cardiometabolic risk factors. We identify six interactions (PGS for body mass index with meat diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and insomnia; PGS for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with sedentary behaviour; PGS for triglycerides with meat diet) in multivariable linear regression models including an interaction term and show stronger associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with high PGSs than those with low PGSs. Genome-wide interaction analyses pinpoint three genetic variants (FTO rs72805613 for BMI; CETP rs56228609 for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRIB2 rs4336630 for triglycerides; PInteraction < 5 × 10-8). The associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors differ between individuals grouped by the genotype of these variants, with the degree of differences being similar to that between individuals with high and low values for the corresponding PGSs. This study demonstrates that associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors can differ between individuals based upon their genetic profiles. It further suggests that genetic variants with interaction effects contribute more to such differences compared to those without interaction effects, which has potential implications for developing PGSs for personalised intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
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Christiansen MR, Kilpeläinen TO, McCaffery JM. Abdominal Obesity Genetic Variants Predict Waist Circumference Regain After Weight Loss. Diabetes 2023; 72:1424-1432. [PMID: 37494631 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although many individuals are able to achieve weight loss, maintaining this loss over time is challenging. We aimed to study whether genetic predisposition to general or abdominal obesity predicts weight regain after weight loss. We examined the associations between genetic risk scores for higher BMI and higher waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with changes in weight and waist circumference up to 3 years after a 1-year weight loss program in participants (n = 822 women, n = 593 men) from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study who had lost ≥3% of their initial weight. Genetic predisposition to higher BMI or WHRadjBMI was not associated with weight regain after weight loss. However, the WHRadjBMI genetic score did predict an increase in waist circumference independent of weight change. To conclude, a genetic predisposition to higher WHRadjBMI predicts an increase in abdominal obesity after weight loss, whereas genetic predisposition to higher BMI is not predictive of weight regain. These results suggest that genetic effects on abdominal obesity may be more pronounced than those on general obesity during weight regain. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Nearly all individuals who intentionally lose weight experience weight regain. Individuals with a higher genetic risk for abdominal adiposity experience increased regain in waist circumference after weight loss. Genetic predisposition to higher BMI does not predict weight regain after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Revsbech Christiansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jeanne M McCaffery
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Qi L, Heianza Y, Li X, Sacks FM, Bray GA. Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3665. [PMID: 37630855 PMCID: PMC10458797 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The POUNDS Lost trial is a 2-year clinical trial testing the effects of dietary interventions on weight loss. This study included 811 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomized to one of four diets that contained either 15% or 25% protein and 20% or 40% fat in a 2 × 2 factorial design. By 2 years, participants on average lost from 2.9 to 3.6 kg in body weight in the four intervention arms, while no significant difference was observed across the intervention arms. In POUNDS Lost, we performed a series of ancillary studies to detect intrinsic factors particular to genomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic markers that may modulate changes in weight and other cardiometabolic traits in response to the weight-loss dietary interventions. Genomic variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on obesity, type 2 diabetes, glucose and lipid metabolisms, gut microbiome, and dietary intakes have been found to interact with dietary macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrates) in relation to weight loss and changes of body composition and cardiometabolic traits. In addition, we recently investigated epigenomic modifications, particularly blood DNA methylation and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). We reported DNA methylation levels at NFATC2IP, CPT1A, TXNIP, and LINC00319 were related to weight loss or changes of glucose, lipids, and blood pressure; we also reported thrifty miRNA expression as a significant epigenomic marker related to changes in insulin sensitivity and adiposity. Our studies have also highlighted the importance of temporal changes in novel metabolomic signatures for gut microbiota, bile acids, and amino acids as predictors for achievement of successful weight loss outcomes. Moreover, our studies indicate that biochemical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors such as physical activity, sleep disturbance, and appetite may also modulate metabolic changes during dietary interventions. This review summarized our major findings in the POUNDS Lost trial, which provided preliminary evidence supporting the development of precision diet interventions for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George A. Bray
- Department of Clinical Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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6
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Wang K, Mehta RS, Ma W, Nguyen LH, Wang DD, Ghazi AR, Yan Y, Al-Shaar L, Wang Y, Hang D, Fu BC, Ogino S, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Carmody RN, Garrett WS, Sun Q, Chan AT, Huttenhower C, Song M. The gut microbiome modifies the associations of short- and long-term physical activity with body weight changes. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 37254152 PMCID: PMC10228038 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome regulates host energy balance and adiposity-related metabolic consequences, but it remains unknown how the gut microbiome modulates body weight response to physical activity (PA). METHODS Nested in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a subcohort of 307 healthy men (mean[SD] age, 70[4] years) provided stool and blood samples in 2012-2013. Data from cohort long-term follow-ups and from the accelerometer, doubly labeled water, and plasma biomarker measurements during the time of stool collection were used to assess long-term and short-term associations of PA with adiposity. The gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. A subcohort of 209 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study II was used for validation. RESULTS The microbial species Alistipes putredinis was found to modify the association between PA and body weight. Specifically, in individuals with higher abundance of A. putredinis, each 15-MET-hour/week increment in long-term PA was associated with 2.26 kg (95% CI, 1.53-2.98 kg) less weight gain from age 21 to the time of stool collection, whereas those with lower abundance of A. putredinis only had 1.01 kg (95% CI, 0.41-1.61 kg) less weight gain (pinteraction = 0.019). Consistent modification associated with A. putredinis was observed for short-term PA in relation to BMI, fat mass%, plasma HbA1c, and 6-month weight change. This modification effect might be partly attributable to four metabolic pathways encoded by A. putredinis, including folate transformation, fatty acid β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and stearate biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS A greater abundance of A. putredinis may strengthen the beneficial association of PA with body weight change, suggesting the potential of gut microbial intervention to improve the efficacy of PA in body weight management. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raaj S Mehta
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong D Wang
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Ghazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center On Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin C Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel N Carmody
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Malcomson FC, Mathers JC. Translation of nutrigenomic research for personalised and precision nutrition for cancer prevention and for cancer survivors. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102710. [PMID: 37105011 PMCID: PMC10165138 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalised and precision nutrition uses information on individual characteristics and responses to nutrients, foods and dietary patterns to develop targeted nutritional advice that is more effective in improving the diet and health of each individual. Moving away from the conventional 'one size fits all', such targeted intervention approaches may pave the way to better population health, including lower burden of non-communicable diseases. To date, most personalised and precision nutrition approaches have been focussed on tackling obesity and cardiometabolic diseases with limited efforts directed to cancer prevention and for cancer survivors. Advances in understanding the biological basis of cancer and of the role played by diet in cancer prevention and in survival after cancer diagnosis, mean that it is timely to test and to apply such personalised and precision nutrition approaches in the cancer area. This endeavour can take advantage of the enhanced understanding of interactions between dietary factors, individual genotype and the gut microbiome that impact on risk of, and survival after, cancer diagnosis. Translation of these basic research into public health action should include real-time acquisition of nutrigenomic and related data and use of AI-based data integration methods in systems approaches that can be scaled up using mobile devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Semmler G, Datz C, Trauner M. Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S244-S260. [PMID: 36517001 PMCID: PMC10029946 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary interventions are a central component in the pathophysiology, but also a cornerstone in the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Summarizing our rapidly advancing understanding of how our diet influences our metabolism and focusing on specific effects on the liver, we provide a comprehensive overview of dietary concepts to counteract the increasing burden of NAFLD. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of dietary calorie restriction independently of the macronutrient composition together with adherence to a Mediterranean diet low in added fructose and processed meat that seems to exert favorable effects beyond calorie restriction. Also, we discuss intermittent fasting as a type of diet specifically tailored to decrease liver fat content and increase ketogenesis, awaiting future study results in NAFLD. Finally, personalized dietary recommendations could be powerful tools to increase the effectiveness of dietary interventions in patients with NAFLD considering the genetic background and the microbiome, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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de Soysa AKH, Martins C, Langaas M, Grill V, Mostad IL. Exploring Dietary Intake in Adults with Severe Obesity and Associations with the FTO rs9939609 Genotypes. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100032. [PMID: 37180087 PMCID: PMC10111606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few have studied the associations between rs9939609 genotypes in the obesity candidate locus FTO and energy and nutrient intakes and meal frequencies in adults with severe obesity. We are unaware of studies that have assessed adherence to key dietary recommendations in this population, at least in Norway. Increased knowledge of genotype associations with dietary factors could improve personalized obesity therapy. Objectives The present study aimed to explore how the rs9939609 genotypes associate with dietary variables and adherence to key dietary recommendations in a sample of adults with severe obesity. Methods A cross-sectional observation study designed to have similar numbers of participants with genotypes TT, AT, and AA included 100 patients (70% women) with median (25th, 75th percentile) age 42 (32, 50) y and BMI 42.8 (39.5, 46.4) kg/m2. We assessed intakes of food groups, energy, and macro- and micronutrients from three 24-h dietary recalls and meal frequencies. Genotype associations were analyzed using regression analyses. Reported intakes were evaluated against national diet recommendations. Results Using a significance level of 0.01, we found no genotype associations with energy intake, energy density, adherence to recommendations, or meal frequency but tendencies of associations with energy adjusted protein intake (AA > AT, P = 0.037; AT > TT, P = 0.064), food groups milk and cream (AT > TT, P = 0.029), and Mixed dishes (AA > TT, P = 0.039). Few participants complied with recommendations for intakes of whole grains (21%), fruits and vegetables (11%), and fish (37%); however, 67% followed the recommendation to limit added sugar. Less than 20% had recommended intakes of vitamin D and folate. Conclusions In our patients with severe obesity, we found tendencies of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotypes and diet but no significant associations at the 0.01 level and below. Few met key food-based diet recommendations, suggesting that the food habits in this population pose an increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;xx:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin H. de Soysa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital–Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mette Langaas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Løvold Mostad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Sørensen TIA, Metz S, Kilpeläinen TO. Do gene-environment interactions have implications for the precision prevention of type 2 diabetes? Diabetologia 2022; 65:1804-1813. [PMID: 34993570 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have seen a rapid global rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. This surge has been driven by diabetogenic environmental changes that may act together with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. It is possible that there is a synergistic gene-environment interaction, where the effects of the diabetogenic environment depend on the genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Randomised trials have shown that it is possible to delay, or even prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals at elevated risk through behavioural modification, focusing on weight loss, physical activity and diet. There is wide heterogeneity between individuals regarding the effectiveness of these interventions, which could, in part, be due to genetic differences. However, the studies of gene-environment interactions performed thus far suggest that behavioural modifications appear equally effective in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes from the stage of impaired glucose tolerance, regardless of the known underlying genetic predisposition. Recent studies suggest that there may be several subtypes of type 2 diabetes, which give new opportunities for gaining insight into gene-environment interactions. At present, the role of gene-environment interactions in the development of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. With many puzzle pieces missing in the general picture of type 2 diabetes development, the available evidence of gene-environment interactions is not ready for translation to individualised type 2 diabetes prevention based on genetic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Metz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Tan PY, Moore JB, Bai L, Tang G, Gong YY. In the context of the triple burden of malnutrition: A systematic review of gene-diet interactions and nutritional status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3235-3263. [PMID: 36222100 PMCID: PMC11000749 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background interacts with dietary components to modulate nutritional health status. This study aimed to review the evidence for gene-diet interactions in all forms of malnutrition. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through April 2021 to identify observational and intervention studies reporting the effects of gene-diet interactions in over-nutrition, under-nutrition and micronutrient status. Risk of publication bias was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist and a tool specifically designed for gene-diet interaction research. 167 studies from 27 populations were included. The majority of studies investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in overnutrition (n = 158). Diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and low in total and saturated fats, such as Mediterranean and DASH diets, showed promising effects for reducing obesity risk among individuals who had higher genetic risk scores for obesity, particularly the risk alleles carriers of FTO rs9939609, rs1121980 and rs1421085. Other SNPs in MC4R, PPARG and APOA5 genes were also commonly studied for interaction with diet on overnutrition though findings were inconclusive. Only limited data were found related to undernutrition (n = 1) and micronutrient status (n = 9). The findings on gene-diet interactions in this review highlight the importance of personalized nutrition, and more research on undernutrition and micronutrient status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - GuYuan Tang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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Qi L. Nutrition for precision health: The time is now. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1335-1344. [PMID: 35785484 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision nutrition has emerged as a boiling area of nutrition research, with a particular focus on revealing the individual variability in response to diets that is determined mainly by the complex interactions of dietary factors with the multi-tiered "omics" makeups. Reproducible findings from the observational studies and diet intervention trials have lent preliminary but consistent evidence to support the fundamental role of gene-diet interactions in determining the individual variability in health outcomes including obesity and weight loss. Recent investigations suggest that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome may also modify the dietary effects; however, considerable instability in the results from the microbiome research has been noted. In addition, growing studies suggest that a complicated multiomics algorithm would be developed by incorporating the genome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome, and microbiome in predicting the individual variability in response to diets. Moreover, precision nutrition would also scrutinize the role of biological (circadian) rhythm in determining the individual variability of dietary effects. The evidence gathered from precision nutrition research will be the basis for constructing precision health dietary recommendations, which hold great promise to help individuals and their health care providers create precise and effective diet plans for precision health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Polygenic Models Partially Predict Muscle Size and Strength but Not Low Muscle Mass in Older Women. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060982. [PMID: 35741744 PMCID: PMC9223182 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heritability explains 45-82% of muscle mass and strength variation, yet polygenic models for muscle phenotypes in older women are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to (1) assess if total genotype predisposition score (GPSTOTAL) for a set of polymorphisms differed between older women with low and high muscle mass, and (2) utilise a data-driven GPS (GPSDD) to predict the variance in muscle size and strength-related phenotypes. Methods: In three-hundred 60- to 91-year-old Caucasian women (70.7 ± 5.7 years), skeletal muscle mass, biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area (VLACSA), hand grip strength (HGS), and elbow flexion (MVCEF) and knee extension (MVCKE) maximum voluntary contraction were measured. Participants were classified as having low muscle mass if the skeletal muscle index (SMI) < 6.76 kg/m2 or relative skeletal muscle mass (%SMMr) < 22.1%. Genotyping was completed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GPSTOTAL was calculated from 23 SNPs and compared between the low and high muscle mass groups. A GPSDD was performed to identify the association of SNPs with other skeletal muscle phenotypes. Results: There was no significant difference in GPSTOTAL between low and high muscle mass groups, irrespective of classification based on SMI or %SMMr. The GPSDD model, using 23 selected SNPs, revealed that 13 SNPs were associated with at least one skeletal muscle phenotype: HIF1A rs11549465 was associated with four phenotypes and, in descending number of phenotype associations, ACE rs4341 with three; PTK2 rs7460 and CNTFR rs2070802 with two; and MTHFR rs17421511, ACVR1B rs10783485, CNTF rs1800169, MTHFR rs1801131, MTHFR rs1537516, TRHR rs7832552, MSTN rs1805086, COL1A1 rs1800012, and FTO rs9939609 with one phenotype. The GPSDD with age included as a predictor variable explained 1.7% variance of biceps brachii thickness, 12.5% of VLACSA, 19.0% of HGS, 8.2% of MVCEF, and 9.6% of MVCKE. Conclusions: In older women, GPSTOTAL did not differ between low and high muscle mass groups. However, GPSDD was associated with muscle size and strength phenotypes. Further advancement of polygenic models to understand skeletal muscle function during ageing might become useful in targeting interventions towards older adults most likely to lose physical independence.
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14
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Huang T, Zhuang Z, Heianza Y, Sun D, Ma W, Wang W, Gao M, Fang Z, Ros E, Del Gobbo LC, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Polak J, Laakso M, Astrup A, Langin D, Hager J, Hul G, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Oppert JM, Saris WHM, Arner P, Cofán M, Rajaram S, Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, de Mello VD, Stancacova A, Uusitupa M, Svendstrup M, Sørensen TIA, Gardner CD, Sabaté J, Corella D, Martinez JA, Qi L. Interaction of Diet/Lifestyle Intervention and TCF7L2 Genotype on Glycemic Control and Adiposity among Overweight or Obese Adults: Big Data from Seven Randomized Controlled Trials Worldwide. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2021; 2021:9897048. [PMID: 38487510 PMCID: PMC10904069 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9897048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2). We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on glycemic traits, body weight, or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods. From October 2016 to May 2018, a large collaborative analysis was performed by pooling individual-participant data from 7 RCTs. These RCTs reported changes in glycemic control and adiposity of the variant rs7903146 after dietary/lifestyle-related interventions in overweight or obese adults. Gene treatment interaction models which used the genetic effect encoded by the allele dose and common covariates were applicable to individual participant data in all studies.Results. In the joint analysis, a total of 7 eligible RCTs were included (n = 4,114 ). Importantly, we observed a significant effect modification of diet/lifestyle-related interventions on the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 and changes in fasting glucose. Compared with the control group, diet/lifestyle interventions were related to lower fasting glucose by -3.06 (95% CI, -5.77 to -0.36) mg/dL (test for heterogeneity and overall effect: I 2 = 45.1 % , p < 0.05 ; z = 2.20 , p = 0.028 ) per one copy of the TCF7L2 T risk allele. Furthermore, regardless of genetic risk, diet/lifestyle interventions were associated with lower waist circumference. However, there was no significant change for diet/lifestyle interventions in other glycemic control and adiposity traits per one copy of TCF7L2 risk allele.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that carrying the TCF7L2 T risk allele may have a modestly greater benefit for specific diet/lifestyle interventions to improve the control of fasting glucose in overweight or obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education, China
- Global Health Institute Peking University, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - Emilio Ros
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liana C. Del Gobbo
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School & IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jan Polak
- Department for the Study of Obesity and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arne Astrup
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jorg Hager
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabby Hul
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Unit for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare, HelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare, HelsinkiFinland
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stancacova
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mathilde Svendstrup
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Joan Sabaté
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona and IMDEA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S, Mokhtari Z, Jalili V, Bourbour F, Omidi S, Ebrahimi K, Kalantari N, Abdi S, Azizi Tabesh G, Naimi Joubani M, Roohbakhsh E, Mosavi Jarrahi SA. Association of serum 25-OH-vitamin D level with FTO and IRX3 genes expression in obese and overweight boys with different FTO rs9930506 genotypes. J Transl Med 2021; 19:350. [PMID: 34399781 PMCID: PMC8365950 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The roles of FTO gene and the level of serum 25-OH-vitamin D in obesity are frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the interactions of serum 25-OH-vitamin D level, FTO and IRX3 genes expression, and FTO genotype in obese and overweight boys. Methods This study was carried out on the 120 male adolescents with overweight in Tehran, Iran. Blood samples were collected from the participants in order to evaluate the serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D, the expression level of FTO and IRX3 genes, and FTO genotype for rs9930506 at baseline and after 18 weeks of the study. Results In general, no significant association was found between serum 25-OH-vitamin D level and IRX3 and FTO genes expression. The results of linear regression on the relationship between 25-OH-vitamin D serum level and FTO and IRX3 genes expression based on FTO genotypes for rs9930506 indicated that in AA/AG genotype carriers, serum 25-OH-vitamin D level was positively associated with FTO gene expression (B = 0.07, p = 0.02) and inversely associated with IRX3 gene expression (B = − 0.07, p = 0.03). In GG carriers, serum 25-OH-vitamin D level was not associated with expression of IRX3 and FTO genes. Conclusion There are significant interactions between 25-OH-vitamin D and the expression of FTO and IRX3 genes in the subset of obese patients with specific genotypes for FTO rs9930506. There was no association between serum 25-OH-vitamin D levels and the expression of FTO and IRX genes in individuals with a homozygous genotype for the risk allele of the FTO gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Research center of Health and Enviroment, School of Health, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, rasht, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mokhtari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Jalili
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bourbour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Research center of Health and Enviroment, School of Health, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, rasht, Iran
| | - Kamal Ebrahimi
- Msc Student of Psychiatric Nursing, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of community Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheyda Abdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naimi Joubani
- Research center of Health and Enviroment, School of Health, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, rasht, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Roohbakhsh
- Research center of Health and Enviroment, School of Health, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, rasht, Iran
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Structural characteristics of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FTO demethylase. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1475-1489. [PMID: 34240624 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the FTO gene is closely related to obesity and weight gain in humans. FTO is an N6-methyladenosine demethylase and is linked to an increased risk of obesity and a variety of diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, glioblastoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. In light of the significant role of FTO, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the FTO protein provides not only a powerful tool for grasping the active site of FTO but also a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of drugs targeting the FTO protein. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of FTO inhibitors and discusses the occurrence of obesity and cancer caused by FTO gene overexpression.
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17
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Aasbrenn M, Svendstrup M, Schnurr TM, Lindqvist Hansen D, Worm D, Balslev-Harder M, Grarup N, Burgdorf KS, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Ängquist L, Fenger M, Sørensen TIA, Madsbad S, Hansen T. Genetic markers of abdominal obesity and weight loss after gastric bypass surgery. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252525. [PMID: 34048505 PMCID: PMC8162622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight loss after bariatric surgery varies widely between individuals, partly due to genetic differences. In addition, genetic determinants of abdominal obesity have been shown to attenuate weight loss after dietary intervention with special attention paid to the rs1358980-T risk allele in the VEGFA locus. Here we aimed to test if updated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for adiposity measures and the rs1358980-T risk allele are linked with weight loss following gastric bypass surgery. Methods Five hundred seventy six patients with morbid obesity underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A GRS for BMI and a GRS for waist-hip-ratio adjusted for BMI (proxy for abdominal obesity), respectively, were constructed. All patients were genotyped for the rs1358980-T risk allele. Associations between the genetic determinants and weight loss after bariatric surgery were evaluated. Results The GRS for BMI was not associated with weight loss (β = -2.0 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -7.5 to 3.3, p = 0.45). Even though the GRS for abdominal obesity was associated with an attenuated weight loss response adjusted for age, sex and center (β = -14.6 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -25.4 to -3.8, p = 0.008), it was not significantly associated with weight loss after adjustment for baseline BMI (β = -7.9 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -17.5 to 1.6, p = 0.11). Similarly, the rs1358980-T risk allele was not significantly associated with weight loss (β = -0.8 kg/risk allele, 95% CI -2.2 to 0.6, p = 0.25). Discussion GRSs for adiposity derived from large meta-analyses and the rs1358980-T risk allele in the VEGFA locus did not predict weight loss after gastric bypass surgery. The association between a GRS for abdominal obesity and the response to bariatric surgery may be dependent on the association between the GRS and baseline BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aasbrenn
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathilde Svendstrup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Worm
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev-Harder
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Johnstone AM, Brown A. MRC Hot Topic workshop report: Reshaping the food environment – applying interdisciplinary perspectives in appetite research. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Brown
- Centre for Obesity Research Department of Medicine University College London London UK
- National Institute of Health Research UCLH Biomedical Research Centre London UK
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Corpas M, Megy K, Mistry V, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Whole Genome Interpretation for a Family of Five. Front Genet 2021; 12:535123. [PMID: 33763108 PMCID: PMC7982663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although best practices have emerged on how to analyse and interpret personal genomes, the utility of whole genome screening remains underdeveloped. A large amount of information can be gathered from various types of analyses via whole genome sequencing including pathogenicity screening, genetic risk scoring, fitness, nutrition, and pharmacogenomic analysis. We recognize different levels of confidence when assessing the validity of genetic markers and apply rigorous standards for evaluation of phenotype associations. We illustrate the application of this approach on a family of five. By applying analyses of whole genomes from different methodological perspectives, we are able to build a more comprehensive picture to assist decision making in preventative healthcare and well-being management. Our interpretation and reporting outputs provide input for a clinician to develop a healthcare plan for the individual, based on genetic and other healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Continuing Education Madingley Hall Madingley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Examining the effect of obesity-associated gene variants on breast cancer survivors in a randomized weight loss intervention. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:487-497. [PMID: 33677781 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study examined whether common variants of obesity-associated genes FTO, MC4R, BDNF, and CREB1 moderated the effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight change among breast cancer survivors. METHODS 151 breast cancer survivors with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a 6-month weight loss intervention or usual care group. Genotyping of FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs6567160, BDNF rs11030104, CREB1 rs17203016 was performed. Linear mixed models were used including the main effects of genotype (assuming a dominant genetic model), treatment arm on weight and percent body fat changes, and genotype by treatment interaction variable. All statistical tests were evaluated against a Bonferroni-corrected alpha of 0.0125. RESULTS Women in the intervention group achieved significantly greater weight loss than the usual care group (5.9% vs 0.4%, p < 0.001), regardless of genotype. Changes in weight and percent body fat did not differ significantly between carriers of the FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs6567160, BDNF rs11030104, and CREB1 rs17203016 risk alleles compared to non-carriers (p-interaction > 0.0125 for each single-nucleotide polymorphisms). CONCLUSIONS Women who are genetically predisposed to obesity and recently diagnosed with breast cancer may achieve significant and clinically meaningful weight loss through healthy eating and exercise. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02863887 (Date of Registration: August 11, 2016); NCT02110641 (Date of Registration: April 10, 2014).
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21
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Holzapfel C, Sag S, Graf-Schindler J, Fischer M, Drabsch T, Illig T, Grallert H, Stecher L, Strack C, Caterson ID, Jebb SA, Hauner H, Baessler A. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Weight Reduction in Behavioural Interventions-A Pooled Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030819. [PMID: 33801339 PMCID: PMC7998423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and weight loss is limited. The aim was to analyse whether selected obesity-associated SNPs within the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), SEC16 homolog B (SEC16B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with anthropometric changes during behavioural intervention for weight loss. genetic and anthropometric data from 576 individuals with overweight and obesity from four lifestyle interventions were obtained. A genetic predisposition score (GPS) was calculated. Our results show that study participants had a mean age of 48.2 ± 12.6 years and a mean baseline body mass index of 33.9 ± 6.4 kg/m2. Mean weight reduction after 12 months was −7.7 ± 10.9 kg. After 12 months of intervention, the MC4R SNPs rs571312 and rs17782313 were significantly associated with a greater decrease in body weight and BMI (p = 0.012, p = 0.011, respectively). The investigated SNPs within the other four genetic loci showed no statistically significant association with changes in anthropometric parameters. The GPS showed no statistically significant association with weight reduction. In conclusion there was no consistent evidence for statistically significant associations of SNPs with anthropometric changes during a behavioural intervention. It seems that other factors play a more significant in weight management than the investigated SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-28924923; Fax: +49-89-28924922
| | - Sabine Sag
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Johanna Graf-Schindler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Lynne Stecher
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Christina Strack
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Ian D. Caterson
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK;
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andrea Baessler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
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Zhang W, Guo X, Chen L, Chen T, Yu J, Wu C, Zheng J. Ketogenic Diets and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:753039. [PMID: 34795641 PMCID: PMC8594484 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While the prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) has become a worldwide epidemic, much attention is paid to managing CMDs effectively. A ketogenic diet (KD) constitutes a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with appropriate protein content and calories. KD has drawn the interests of clinicians and scientists regarding its application in the management of metabolic diseases and related disorders; thus, the current review aimed to examine the evidences surrounding KD and the CMDs to draw the clinical implications. Overall, KD appears to play a significant role in the therapy of various CMDs, which is manifested by the effects of KDs on cardio-metabolic outcomes. KD therapy is generally promising in obesity, heart failure, and hypertension, though different voices still exist. In diabetes and dyslipidemia, the performance of KD remains controversial. As for cardiovascular complications of metabolic diseases, current evidence suggests that KD is generally protective to obese related cardiovascular disease (CVD), while remaining contradictory to diabetes and other metabolic disorder related CVDs. Various factors might account for the controversies, including genetic background, duration of therapy, food composition, quality, and sources of KDs. Therefore, it's crucial to perform more rigorous researches to focus on clinical safety and appropriate treatment duration and plan of KDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Zheng, ; Chaodong Wu,
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zheng, ; Chaodong Wu,
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Dent R, McPherson R, Harper ME. Factors affecting weight loss variability in obesity. Metabolism 2020; 113:154388. [PMID: 33035570 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current obesity treatment strategies include diet, exercise, bariatric surgery, and a limited but growing repertoire of medications. Individual weight loss in response to each of these strategies is highly variable. Here we review research into factors potentially contributing to inter-individual variability in response to treatments for obesity, with a focus on studies in humans. Well-recognized factors associated with weight loss capacity include diet adherence, physical activity, sex, age, and specific medications. However, following control for each of these, differences in weight loss appear to persist in response to behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions. Adaptation to energy deficit involves complex feedback mechanisms, and inter-individual differences likely to arise from a host of poorly defined genetic factors, as well as differential responses in neurohormonal mechanisms (including gastrointestinal peptides), metabolic efficiency and capacity of tissues, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, thermogenic response to food, and in gut microbiome. A better understanding of the factors involved in inter-individual variability in response to therapies will guide more personalized approaches to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 210 Melrose Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4K7, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Gene-diet interaction of FTO-rs9939609 gene variant and hypocaloric diet on glycemic control in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:310-317. [PMID: 31929364 PMCID: PMC7004607 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypocaloric diets improve glycemic status in obese individuals, but the response to hypocaloric diets in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO)-rs9939609 gene variant is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the gene-diet interaction of FTO-rs9939609 gene variant and hypocaloric diets on glycemic control in overweight and obese adults. METHODS Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched up to December 2018, for relevant clinical trials. Mean changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were extracted. RESULTS The pooled analysis of nine studies showed that there was no significant difference between AA/AT and TT genotypes in FBS (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.08, 1.10, P = 0.984) and serum insulin (WMD = 0.20, 95% CI: -0.85, 1.26; P = 0.707) after intervention hypocaloric diets. The overweight/obese participants in AA/AT group showed the greatest reduction in HOMA-IR compared with TT genotype following intervention, and this difference was not statistically significant (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.94, 0.16, P = 0.167). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that there was no significant difference between AA/AT and TT genotypes of FTO-rs9939609 on FBS, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance in response to hypocaloric diets.
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Alvarez-Pitti J, de Blas A, Lurbe E. Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113508. [PMID: 33202614 PMCID: PMC7697724 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of nutrition during childhood and the impact on the development of obesity. In fact, the prevalence of global childhood obesity has increased substantially from 1990 and has now reached epidemic proportions. The current narrative review presents recent research on precision nutrition and its role on the prevention and treatment of obesity during pediatric years, a novel and promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-1820772
| | - Ana de Blas
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Knowledge, opinions and expectations of adults concerning personalised genotype-based dietary recommendations: a German survey. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1916-1926. [PMID: 33070793 PMCID: PMC8094433 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the knowledge, opinions and expectations of persons with and without obesity concerning personalised genotype-based nutrition. Design: Questions about nutrition, weight management and personalised genotype-based dietary recommendations were asked via standardised telephone-based interviews. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. The data were statistically weighted by age, gender, education, domicile and BMI. Setting: Germany. Participants: Representative sample of the German population (n 1003) randomly sampled via a scientific Random Digit dial method plus 354 adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2 to enlarge the sample. Results: Data of 1357 participants were analysed (51·1 % female, age: 50·5 ± 18·5 years, 15·9 % adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2). About 42 % or 19 % of the survey participants stated to know the terms personalised dietary recommendation or genotype-based dietary recommendation, respectively. Of those, 15·8 % indicated to have an experience with a personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. Almost 70 % of the survey participants believed that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is a reasonable measure for weight management. About 55 % of the survey participants pointed out that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is an effective concept in general. One-third of the survey participants (34·6 %) indicated to conceive the usage of a genotype-based dietary recommendation. Conclusion: Most of the survey participants did not know the term personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. One-third of the study participants are interested to use a genotype-based dietary recommendation. Therefore, more education of the public is necessary to properly help people making informed and serious decisions and assessing commercially available direct-to-consumer genetic tests.
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27
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Bayer S, Winkler V, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Associations between Genotype-Diet Interactions and Weight Loss-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2891. [PMID: 32971836 PMCID: PMC7551578 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and macronutrient consumption on weight loss are rare and heterogeneous. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search to investigate genotype-diet interactions on weight loss. Four databases were searched with keywords on genetics, nutrition, and weight loss (PROSPERO: CRD42019139571). Articles in languages other than English and trials investigating special groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with severe diseases) were excluded. In total, 20,542 articles were identified, and, after removal of duplicates and further screening steps, 27 articles were included. Eligible articles were based on eight trials with 91 SNPs in 63 genetic loci. All articles examined the interaction between genotype and macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) on the extent of weight loss. However, in most cases, the interaction results were not significant and represented single findings that lack replication. The publications most frequently analyzed genotype-fat intake interaction on weight loss. Since the majority of interactions were not significant and not replicated, a final evaluation of the genotype-diet interactions on weight loss was not possible. In conclusion, no evidence was found that genotype-diet interaction is a main determinant of obesity treatment success, but this needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (S.B.); (V.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Vincent Winkler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (S.B.); (V.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (S.B.); (V.W.); (H.H.)
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (S.B.); (V.W.); (H.H.)
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Nikpay M, Lau P, Soubeyrand S, Whytock KL, Beehler K, Pileggi C, Ghosh S, Harper ME, Dent R, McPherson R. SGCG rs679482 Associates With Weight Loss Success in Response to an Intensively Supervised Outpatient Program. Diabetes 2020; 69:2017-2026. [PMID: 32527767 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss in response to energy restriction is highly variable, and identification of genetic contributors can provide insights into underlying biology. Leveraging 1000 Genomes imputed genotypes, we carried out genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis in 551 unrelated obese subjects of European ancestry who participated in an intensively supervised weight loss program with replication of promising signals in an independent sample of 1,331 obese subjects who completed the program at a later date. By single nucleotide polymorphism-based and sib-pair analysis, we show that that weight loss is a heritable trait, with estimated heritability (h 2 = 0.49) within the range reported for obesity. We find rs679482, intronic to SGCG (sarcoglycan γ), highly expressed in skeletal muscle, to concordantly associate with weight loss in discovery and replication samples reaching GWAS significance in the combined meta-analysis (β = -0.35, P = 1.7 × 10-12). Located in a region of open chromatin, rs679482 is predicted to bind DMRT2, and allele-specific transcription factor binding analysis indicates preferential binding of DMRT2 to rs679482-A. Concordantly, rs679482-A impairs native repressor activity and increases basal and DMRT2-mediated enhancer activity. These findings confirm that weight loss is a heritable trait and provide evidence by which a novel variant in SGCG, rs679482, leads to impaired diet response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Nikpay
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paulina Lau
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Katey L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL
| | - Kaitlyn Beehler
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert Dent
- Weight Management Clinic, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Chung WK, Erion K, Florez JC, Hattersley AT, Hivert MF, Lee CG, McCarthy MI, Nolan JJ, Norris JM, Pearson ER, Philipson L, McElvaine AT, Cefalu WT, Rich SS, Franks PW. Precision medicine in diabetes: a Consensus Report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2020; 63:1671-1693. [PMID: 32556613 PMCID: PMC8185455 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as 'diabetes'. Increased knowledge of this condition has emerged from populations around the world, illuminating the differences in how diabetes presents, its variable prevalence and how best practice in treatment varies between populations. In parallel, focus has been placed on the development of tools for the application of precision medicine to numerous conditions. This Consensus Report presents the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative in partnership with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), including its mission, the current state of the field and prospects for the future. Expert opinions are presented on areas of precision diagnostics and precision therapeutics (including prevention and treatment) and key barriers to and opportunities for implementation of precision diabetes medicine, with better care and outcomes around the globe, are highlighted. Cases where precision diagnosis is already feasible and effective (i.e. monogenic forms of diabetes) are presented, while the major hurdles to the global implementation of precision diagnosis of complex forms of diabetes are discussed. The situation is similar for precision therapeutics, in which the appropriate therapy will often change over time owing to the manner in which diabetes evolves within individual patients. This Consensus Report describes a foundation for precision diabetes medicine, while highlighting what remains to be done to realise its potential. This, combined with a subsequent, detailed evidence-based review (due 2022), will provide a roadmap for precision medicine in diabetes that helps improve the quality of life for all those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karel Erion
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine G Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John J Nolan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Louis Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - William T Cefalu
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Skåne University Hospital - Malmö, Building 91, Level 12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chung WK, Erion K, Florez JC, Hattersley AT, Hivert MF, Lee CG, McCarthy MI, Nolan JJ, Norris JM, Pearson ER, Philipson L, McElvaine AT, Cefalu WT, Rich SS, Franks PW. Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Consensus Report From the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1617-1635. [PMID: 32561617 PMCID: PMC7305007 DOI: 10.2337/dci20-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science, and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as "diabetes." Increased knowledge of this condition has emerged from populations around the world, illuminating the differences in how diabetes presents, its variable prevalence, and how best practice in treatment varies between populations. In parallel, focus has been placed on the development of tools for the application of precision medicine to numerous conditions. This Consensus Report presents the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative in partnership with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), including its mission, the current state of the field, and prospects for the future. Expert opinions are presented on areas of precision diagnostics and precision therapeutics (including prevention and treatment), and key barriers to and opportunities for implementation of precision diabetes medicine, with better care and outcomes around the globe, are highlighted. Cases where precision diagnosis is already feasible and effective (i.e., monogenic forms of diabetes) are presented, while the major hurdles to the global implementation of precision diagnosis of complex forms of diabetes are discussed. The situation is similar for precision therapeutics, in which the appropriate therapy will often change over time owing to the manner in which diabetes evolves within individual patients. This Consensus Report describes a foundation for precision diabetes medicine, while highlighting what remains to be done to realize its potential. This, combined with a subsequent, detailed evidence-based review (due 2022), will provide a roadmap for precision medicine in diabetes that helps improve the quality of life for all those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Karel Erion
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Christine G Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - John J Nolan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Louis Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - William T Cefalu
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Aasbrenn M, Schnurr TM, Have CT, Svendstrup M, Hansen DL, Worm D, Balslev-Harder M, Hollensted M, Grarup N, Burgdorf KS, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Sørensen TIA, Fenger M, Madsbad S, Hansen T. Genetic Determinants of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2554-2561. [PMID: 31001758 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The weight loss after bariatric surgery shows considerable individual variation. Twin studies of response to dietary interventions and studies of bariatric surgery patients suggest that genetic differences may play a role. This study aimed to examine the effect of three genetic risk scores on the inter-individual variation in excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Furthermore, we searched among known adiposity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic determinants of the inter-individual variation in EBMIL. METHODS Patients with morbid obesity underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and were genotyped (n = 577). Two genetic risk scores for weight loss after bariatric surgery and a genetic risk score for body mass index were calculated. Associations between the genetic risk scores and EBMIL were evaluated. Lasso regression was performed on 126 SNPs known to be associated with adiposity. RESULTS The average EBMIL was 76.9% (range 21.7-149.2%). EBMIL was 81.1% (SD 20.6) and 73.9% (SD 21.7) in the high and low tertile groups of a genetic risk score for weight loss. Patients with a low genetic risk score for body mass index (in the lowest 5% percentile) had an EBMIL of 68.8% (SD 20.6, p = 0.018). Thirteen adiposity-related SNPs were identified to associate with EBMIL through lasso regression. DISCUSSION A genetic risk score was associated with EBMIL after bariatric surgery, but may not yet be applicable to clinical practice. Patients genetically predisposed to low body mass index had lower weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aasbrenn
- Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Theresia Maria Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian Theil Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Svendstrup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Worm
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, København, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev-Harder
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette Hollensted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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32
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Chatelan A, Bochud M, Frohlich KL. Precision nutrition: hype or hope for public health interventions to reduce obesity? Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:332-342. [PMID: 30544190 PMCID: PMC6469305 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-income countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic that follows a socioeconomic gradient, affecting groups of lower socioeconomic status disproportionately. Recent clinical findings have suggested new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of obesity, using personalized dietary approaches. Precision nutrition (PN), also called personalized nutrition, has been developed to deliver more preventive and practical dietary advice than ‘one-size-fits-all’ guidelines. With interventions becoming increasingly plausible at a large scale thanks to artificial intelligence and smartphone applications, some have begun to view PN as a novel way to deliver the right dietary intervention to the right population. We argue that large-scale PN, if taken alone, might be of limited interest from a public health perspective. Building on Geoffrey Rose’s theory regarding the differences in individual and population causes of disease, we show that large-scale PN can only address some individual causes of obesity (causes of cases). This individual-centred approach is likely to have a small impact on the distribution of obesity at a population level because it ignores the population causes of obesity (causes of incidence). The latter are embedded in the populations’ social, cultural, economic and political contexts that make environments obesogenic. Additionally, the most socially privileged groups in the population are the most likely to respond to large-scale PN interventions. This could have the undesirable effect of widening social inequalities in obesity. We caution public health actors that interventions based only on large-scale PN are unlikely, despite current expectations, to improve dietary intake or reduce obesity at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Ecole de Santé Publique & Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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33
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Gray ID, Kross AR, Renfrew ME, Wood P. Precision Medicine in Lifestyle Medicine: The Way of the Future? Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:169-186. [PMID: 32231483 PMCID: PMC7092395 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619834527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has captured the imagination of the medical community with visions of therapies precisely targeted to the specific individual's genetic, biological, social, and environmental profile. However, in practice it has become synonymous with genomic medicine. As such its successes have been limited, with poor predictive or clinical value for the majority of people. It adds little to lifestyle medicine, other than in establishing why a healthy lifestyle is effective in combatting chronic disease. The challenge of lifestyle medicine remains getting people to actually adopt, sustain, and naturalize a healthy lifestyle, and this will require an approach that treats the patient as a person with individual needs and providing them with suitable types of support. The future of lifestyle medicine is holistic and person-centered rather than technological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Gray
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea R. Kross
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie E. Renfrew
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Wood
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
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34
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Tan PY, Mitra SR. The Combined Effect of Polygenic Risk from FTO and ADRB2 Gene Variants, Odds of Obesity, and Post-Hipcref Diet Differences. Lifestyle Genom 2020; 13:84-98. [PMID: 32101872 DOI: 10.1159/000505662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict the degree of risk for obesity may contribute to weight management programs strategically. OBJECTIVES To investigate the combined effect of FTO rs9930501, rs9930506, and rs9932754 and ADRB2 rs1042713 and rs1042714 using PRS on (1) the odds of obesity and (2) post-intervention differences in dietary, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters in response to high-protein calorie-restricted, high-vitamin E, high-fiber (Hipcref) diet intervention in Malaysian adults. METHODS Both a cross-sectional study (n = 178) and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 128) were conducted to test the aforementioned objectives. PRS was computed as the weighted sum of the risk alleles possessed by each individual participant. Participants were stratified into first (PRS 0-0.64), second (PRS 0.65-3.59), and third (PRS 3.60-8.18) tertiles. RESULTS The third tertile of PRS was associated with significantly higher odds of obesity: 2.29 (95% CI = 1.11-4.72, adjusted p = 0.025) compared to the first tertile. Indians (3.9 ± 0.3) had significantly higher PRS compared to Chinese (2.1 ± 0.4) (p = 0.010). In the RCT, a greater reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels was found in second and third tertiles after Hipcref diet intervention compared to the control diet (p interaction = 0.048). CONCLUSION Higher PRS was significantly associated with increased odds of obesity. Individuals with higher PRS had a significantly greater reduction in hsCRP levels after Hipcref diet compared to the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Soma Roy Mitra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia,
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35
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The influence of polymorphisms of fat mass and obesity (FTO, rs9939609) and vitamin D receptor (VDR, BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, FokI) genes on weight loss by diet and exercise interventions in non-diabetic overweight/obese Asian Indians in North India. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:604-612. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Barbian CD, Reuter CP, Renner JDP, da Silva PT, Klinger EI, Hobkirk JP, de Moura Valim AR, Burgos MS. Anthropometric and Metabolic Responses in FTO rs9939609 Gene Polymorphism after a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:19-26. [PMID: 31976139 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Few studies show the potential changing effect of fat-mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) rs9939609 gene on cardiometabolic risk after a lifestyle intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether overweight and obese adolescents, carriers of the risk genotypes for obesity of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism, have different anthropometric and biochemical responses to an interdisciplinary intervention program. The quasi-experimental study involved 34 adolescents aged 10 to 15 years. Schoolchildren with AA/AT genotype decreased glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there were no differences between the genotypes, suggesting that the "A" allele did not modify the subject's response to the intervention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Daniela Barbian
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Tatiana da Silva
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Inês Klinger
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - James Philip Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miria Suzana Burgos
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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37
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Labruna G, Marra M, Nardelli C, Mancini A, Buono P, Sacchetti L, Pasanisi F. Very light physical activity amount in FTO genetically predisposed obese individuals. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Khawandanah J. Double or hybrid diabetes: A systematic review on disease prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 31685799 PMCID: PMC6828774 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic affecting the health of millions of people. While type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from a combination of insulin resistance and beta cell insulin secretory defect. Clear definition and diagnosis of these two types of diabetes has been increasing more and more difficult, leading to the inclusion of a new category, namely double or hybrid diabetes (DD) that demonstrates symptoms of both T1D and T2D via the accelerator hypothesis. In this review, we discuss the worldwide prevalence of DD, its main physiological characteristics, including beta-cell autoimmunity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, the main risk factors of developing DD, mainly genetics, obesity and lifestyle choices, as well as potential treatments, such as insulin titration, metformin and behavioural modifications. Increasing awareness of DD among the general population and primary care practitioners is necessary for successfully treating this complex, hybrid disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Khawandanah
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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39
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Chmurzynska A, Muzsik A, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Mądry E, Walkowiak J, Bajerska J. PPARG and FTO polymorphism can modulate the outcomes of a central European diet and a Mediterranean diet in centrally obese postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2019; 69:94-100. [PMID: 31675538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that polymorphism of genes with the biggest effects on body mass (FTO and PPARG) can affect the results of dieting in centrally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 144 volunteers were randomized to a 16-week intervention with two hypocaloric diets: either a Mediterranean diet (MED) moderate in fat (37% total energy as fat) or the Central European diet (CED) moderate in carbohydrates (55% total energy as carbohydrates). The associations between FTO and PPARG polymorphism on the baseline body mass, body composition, blood pressure, lipid and non-lipid parameters, and their changes after the trial were analyzed. None of the examined baseline outcomes differed in the rs9939609 FTO subgroups; abdominal fat was higher in the minor (G) allele carriers of the PPARG rs1801282. After the intervention, in the CED group, the PPARG G allele carriers showed greater reductions in weight (-6.58 ± 0.61 vs -9.58 ± 0.83; P < .01), lean mass (-0.38 ± 0.29 vs -1.79 ± 0.38; P < .05) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-0.46 ± 0.77 vs -5.25 ± 1.49; P < .01) than the CC homozygotes, and the TT individuals of the rs9939609 FTO had greater reductions in diastolic blood pressure (-9.03 ± 1.78 vs. -7.58 ± 1.50; P < .05). In the MED group, greater reductions in abdominal fat were observed in the G allele carriers than in the CC homozygotes (-3.31 ± 0.26 vs. -4.23 ± 0.41; P < .05). PPARG and FTO polymorphism may affect the outcomes of the diets aimed at weight reduction in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chmurzynska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Muzsik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Mądry
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
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40
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Hansen J, Stadler D. Nutritional Genomics: Exploration of Personal Genetic Testing in the Classroom. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1613-1617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Manco L, Pinho S, Albuquerque D, Machado‐Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Physical activity and the association between the
FTO
rs9939609 polymorphism and obesity in Portuguese children aged 3 to 11 years. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23312. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Simão Pinho
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - David Albuquerque
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Aristides M. Machado‐Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- High School of EducationPolytechnic Institute of Viseu Viseu Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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Rosenzweig JL, Bakris GL, Berglund LF, Hivert MF, Horton ES, Kalyani RR, Murad MH, Vergès BL. Primary Prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in Patients at Metabolic Risk: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3939-3985. [PMID: 31365087 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals at metabolic risk for developing these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Health care providers should incorporate regular screening and identification of individuals at metabolic risk (at higher risk for ASCVD and T2DM) with measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose. Individuals identified at metabolic risk should undergo 10-year global risk assessment for ASCVD or coronary heart disease to determine targets of therapy for reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Hypertension should be treated to targets outlined in this guideline. Individuals with prediabetes should be tested at least annually for progression to diabetes and referred to intensive diet and physical activity behavioral counseling programs. For the primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM, the Writing Committee recommends lifestyle management be the first priority. Behavioral programs should include a heart-healthy dietary pattern and sodium restriction, as well as an active lifestyle with daily walking, limited sedentary time, and a structured program of physical activity, if appropriate. Individuals with excess weight should aim for loss of ≥5% of initial body weight in the first year. Behavior changes should be supported by a comprehensive program led by trained interventionists and reinforced by primary care providers. Pharmacological and medical therapy can be used in addition to lifestyle modification when recommended goals are not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marie-France Hivert
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rita R Kalyani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruno L Vergès
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Gene-Environment Interactions on Body Fat Distribution. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153690. [PMID: 31357654 PMCID: PMC6696304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly in the U.S. and worldwide in the past decades; and notably, the obese populations are signified by not only the overall elevated adiposity but also particularly harmful accumulation of body fat in the central region of the body, namely, abdominal obesity. The profound shift from “traditional” to “obesogenic” environments, principally featured by the abundance of palatable, energy-dense diet, reduced physical activity, and prolonged sedentary time, promotes the obesity epidemics and detrimental body fat distribution. Recent advances in genomics studies shed light on the genetic basis of obesity and body fat distribution. In addition, growing evidence from investigations in large cohorts and clinical trials has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and environmental factors, e.g., diet and lifestyle factors, in relation to obesity and body fat distribution. This review summarizes the recent discoveries from observational studies and randomized clinical trials on the gene–environment interactions on obesity and body fat distribution.
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Merino J, Guasch-Ferré M, Ellervik C, Dashti HS, Sharp SJ, Wu P, Overvad K, Sarnowski C, Kuokkanen M, Lemaitre RN, Justice AE, Ericson U, Braun KVE, Mahendran Y, Frazier-Wood AC, Sun D, Chu AY, Tanaka T, Luan J, Hong J, Tjønneland A, Ding M, Lundqvist A, Mukamal K, Rohde R, Schulz CA, Franco OH, Grarup N, Chen YDI, Bazzano L, Franks PW, Buring JE, Langenberg C, Liu CT, Hansen T, Jensen MK, Sääksjärvi K, Psaty BM, Young KL, Hindy G, Sandholt CH, Ridker PM, Ordovas JM, Meigs JB, Pedersen O, Kraft P, Perola M, North KE, Orho-Melander M, Voortman T, Toft U, Rotter JI, Qi L, Forouhi NG, Mozaffarian D, Sørensen TIA, Stampfer MJ, Männistö S, Selvin E, Imamura F, Salomaa V, Hu FB, Wareham NJ, Dupuis J, Smith CE, Kilpeläinen TO, Chasman DI, Florez JC. Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ 2019; 366:l4292. [PMID: 31345923 PMCID: PMC6652797 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the genetic burden of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Individual participant data meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Eligible prospective cohort studies were systematically sourced from studies published between January 1970 and February 2017 through electronic searches in major medical databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and discussion with investigators. REVIEW METHODS Data from cohort studies or multicohort consortia with available genome-wide genetic data and information about the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in participants of European descent was sought. Prospective cohorts that had accrued five or more years of follow-up were included. The type 2 diabetes genetic risk profile was characterized by a 68-variant polygenic risk score weighted by published effect sizes. Diet was recorded by using validated cohort-specific dietary assessment tools. Outcome measures were summary adjusted hazard ratios of incident type 2 diabetes for polygenic risk score, isocaloric replacement of carbohydrate (refined starch and sugars) with types of fat, and the interaction of types of fat with polygenic risk score. RESULTS Of 102 305 participants from 15 prospective cohort studies, 20 015 type 2 diabetes cases were documented after a median follow-up of 12 years (interquartile range 9.4-14.2). The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes per increment of 10 risk alleles in the polygenic risk score was 1.64 (95% confidence interval 1.54 to 1.75, I2=7.1%, τ2=0.003). The increase of polyunsaturated fat and total omega 6 polyunsaturated fat intake in place of carbohydrate was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, with hazard ratios of 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98, I2=18.0%, τ2=0.006; per 5% of energy) and 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00, I2=58.8%, τ2=0.001; per increment of 1 g/d), respectively. Increasing monounsaturated fat in place of carbohydrate was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.19, I2=25.9%, τ2=0.006; per 5% of energy). Evidence of small study effects was detected for the overall association of polyunsaturated fat with the risk of type 2 diabetes, but not for the omega 6 polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat associations. Significant interactions between dietary fat and polygenic risk score on the risk of type 2 diabetes (P>0.05 for interaction) were not observed. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that genetic burden and the quality of dietary fat are each associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings do not support tailoring recommendations on the quality of dietary fat to individual type 2 diabetes genetic risk profiles for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes, and suggest that dietary fat is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes across the spectrum of type 2 diabetes genetic risk.
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Dietary patterns modify the association between fat mass and obesity-associated genetic variants and changes in obesity phenotypes. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1247-1254. [PMID: 30929646 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether dietary patterns could interact with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphisms in relation to changes in BMI and waist circumference (WC) over 3⋅6 years of follow-up. Subjects were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (n 4292, 43⋅2 % male). Dietary data were collected using a valid and reliable FFQ. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis. The genotypes of polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs17817449, rs8050136, rs9939973 and rs3751812) were determined. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using the weighted method. Mean ages of men and women were 42·6 (sd 14) and 40⋅4 (sd 13) years, respectively. The healthy (e.g. vegetables and fruits) and the Western dietary patterns (WDP; e.g. soft drinks and fast foods) were extracted. In carriers of the risk alleles rs1121980, rs1421085, rs8050136, rs1781799 and rs3751812, BMI was approximately 2-fold higher in individuals in the higher quartile of WDP score, compared with the first quartile (P < 0⋅05). WC increased with increasing WDP score in carriers of the risk alleles rs1121980 and rs3751812, but not in individuals who did not carry any risk alleles. BMI and WC increased to a greater extent in the high GRS group while increasing quartiles of the WDP score, compared with the low GRS group (BMI change; Q1: 1⋅04 (se 0⋅34) v. Q4: 2⋅26 (se 0⋅36)) (WC change; Q1: 0⋅47 (se 0⋅32) v. Q4: 0⋅95 (se 0⋅34)) (P interaction < 0⋅05). These results suggest that adults with higher genetic predisposition to obesity are more susceptible to the harmful effects of adherence to the WDP, which emphasised the need to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods for the prevention of obesity.
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Fang J, Gong C, Wan Y, Xu Y, Tao F, Sun Y. Polygenic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12489. [PMID: 30515989 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both polygenic and unhealthy lifestyle factors contribute to individual-level risk of obesity during childhood. The extent to which increased polygenic risk can be offset by healthy lifestyle is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine whether increased polygenic risk of obesity is modified by a healthy lifestyle during childhood. METHODS A total of 997 children (418 boys and 579 girls) who had complete DNA genotyping and body mass index (BMI) were eligible for the study were analyzed from an established prospective puberty cohort. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 11 BMI-increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for child obesity. Seven lifestyle factors were selected to determine a composite healthy lifestyle, such as food responsiveness, slowness in eating, satiety responsiveness, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, and which was classified as healthy (<P25 ), intermediate (P25 -P75 ) and unhealthy (>P75 ) lifestyle. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Children carrying additional BMI susceptibility alleles increased the BMI by 0.11 kg/m2 , after adjusting gender, age and socio-economic status (SES). A healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle, regardless of the polygenic risk category. Among children at high polygenic risk, a healthy lifestyle was associated with an 85% lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.59; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased polygenic risk might be largely offset by healthy lifestyle as early as in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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A Scientific Perspective of Personalised Gene-Based Dietary Recommendations for Weight Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030617. [PMID: 30875721 PMCID: PMC6471589 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies showed that a "one size fits all" dietary recommendation for weight management is questionable. For this reason, the focus increasingly falls on personalised nutrition. Although there is no precise and uniform definition of personalised nutrition, the inclusion of genetic variants for personalised dietary recommendations is more and more favoured, whereas scientific evidence for gene-based dietary recommendations is rather limited. The purpose of this article is to provide a science-based viewpoint on gene-based personalised nutrition and weight management. Most of the studies showed no clinical evidence for gene-based personalised nutrition. The Food4Me study, e.g., investigated four different groups of personalised dietary recommendations based on dietary guidelines, and physiological, clinical, or genetic parameters, and resulted in no difference in weight loss between the levels of personalisation. Furthermore, genetic direct-to-consumer (DTC) tests are widely spread by companies. Scientific organisations clearly point out that, to date, genetic DTC tests are without scientific evidence. To date, gene-based personalised nutrition is not yet applicable for the treatment of obesity. Nevertheless, personalised dietary recommendations on the genetic landscape of a person are an innovative and promising approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity. In the future, human intervention studies are necessary to prove the clinical evidence of gene-based dietary recommendations.
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Nasreddine L, Akika R, Mailhac A, Tamim H, Zgheib NK. The Interaction between Genetic Polymorphisms in FTO and TCF7L2 Genes and Dietary Intake with Regard to Body Mass and Composition: An Exploratory Study. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9010011. [PMID: 30764585 PMCID: PMC6463113 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the large number of genetic studies on obesity, there has been significantly less nutrigenetics investigation of the interaction between diet and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity, especially within Eastern Mediterranean populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential interactions between three candidate SNPs, namely, rs1558902 and rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene and the rs7903146 variant of the Transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, and macronutrient intake with regard to obesity, body fat, and muscle composition. Three hundred and eight healthy Lebanese adults were included in this study. Data collection included a questionnaire for demographics and lifestyle in addition to a detailed dietary assessment using a culture-specific 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. This was coupled with anthropometric measurements and peripheral blood withdrawal for DNA and genotyping using Taqman allele discrimination assays. The two FTO candidate SNPs were not associated with risk of obesity in this population sample, yet there was a trend, though not a significant one, towards lower muscle mass among carriers of the risk allele of either FTO SNPs. To our knowledge, these results have not been previously reported. As for the TCF7L2rs7903146 variant, results were congruent with the literature, given that individuals who were homozygous for the risk allele had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and body fat despite lower intakes of saturated fat. Similar interactions, though not significant, were shown with muscle mass, whereby individuals who were homozygous for the risk allele had lower muscle mass with higher intakes of saturated fat, a result that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Reem Akika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Aurelie Mailhac
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hani Tamim
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Standley RA, Vega RB. Furthering Precision Medicine Genomics With Healthy Living Medicine. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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McCaffery JM. Genetic Predictors of Behavioral Weight Loss: Current Status and Future Directions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1869. [PMID: 30460776 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M McCaffery
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention and Policy, and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
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