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Stull AJ, Cassidy A, Djousse L, Johnson SA, Krikorian R, Lampe JW, Mukamal KJ, Nieman DC, Porter Starr KN, Rasmussen H, Rimm EB, Stote KS, Tangney C. The state of the science on the health benefits of blueberries: a perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1415737. [PMID: 38919390 PMCID: PMC11196611 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that blueberry consumption is associated with a variety of health benefits. It has been suggested that regular consumption of blueberries can support and/or protect against cardiovascular disease and function, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and brain and cognitive function in individuals with health conditions and age-related decline. Further, mechanistic investigations highlight the role of blueberry anthocyanins in mediating these health benefits, in part through interactions with gut microbiota. Also, nutritional interventions with blueberries have demonstrated the ability to improve recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage, attributable to anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these advancements in blueberry health research, research gaps persist which affects the generalizability of findings from clinical trials. To evaluate the current state of knowledge and research gaps, a blueberry health roundtable with scientific experts convened in Washington, DC (December 6-7, 2022). Discussions centered around five research domains: cardiovascular health, pre-diabetes and diabetes, brain health and cognitive function, gut health, and exercise recovery. This article synthesizes the outcomes of a blueberry research roundtable discussion among researchers in these domains, offering insights into the health benefits of blueberries and delineating research gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J. Stull
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Robert Krikorian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Heather Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology & Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim S. Stote
- Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Patel MJ, Emerenini C, Wang X, Bottiglieri T, Kitzman H. Metabolomic and Physiological Effects of a Cardiorenal Protective Diet Intervention in African American Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38921435 PMCID: PMC11205948 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts 14% of adults in the United States, and African American (AA) individuals are disproportionately affected, with more than 3 times higher risk of kidney failure as compared to White individuals. This study evaluated the effects of base-producing fruit and vegetables (FVs) on cardiorenal outcomes in AA persons with CKD and hypertension (HTN) in a low socioeconomic area. The "Cardiorenal Protective Diet" prospective randomized trial evaluated the effects of a 6-week, community-based FV intervention compared to a waitlist control (WL) in 91 AA adults (age = 58.3 ± 10.1 years, 66% female, 48% income ≤ USD 25K). Biometric and metabolomic variables were collected at baseline and 6 weeks post-intervention. The change in health outcomes for both groups was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), though small reductions in albumin to creatinine ratio, body mass index, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were observed in the FV group. Metabolomic profiling identified key markers (p < 0.05), including C3, C5, 1-Met-His, kynurenine, PC ae 38:5, and choline, indicating kidney function decline in the WL group. Overall, delivering a directed cardiorenal protective diet intervention improved cardiorenal outcomes in AA adults with CKD and HTN. Additionally, metabolomic profiling may serve as a prognostic technique for the early identification of biomarkers as indicators for worsening CKD and increased CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera J. Patel
- Peter J. O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Chiamaka Emerenini
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (X.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (X.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Heather Kitzman
- Peter J. O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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Zhang Y, Tabung FK, Smith-Warner SA, Giovannucci E. High-quality fruit and vegetable characterized by cardiometabolic biomarkers and its relation to major chronic disease risk: results from 3 prospective United States cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00514-8. [PMID: 38802063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current guidelines recommend a specified total serving of fruits and vegetables (FV). However, how differences in their nutritional quality of specific FV influence overall health remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To identify high-quality FV using 14 cardiometabolic biomarkers, and assess their consumption, alongside overall FV intake, with chronic disease risk. METHODS We used data from 3 prospective cohorts, Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and NHSII. Diet was assessed at baseline and updated every 4 y. Biomarker analysis was conducted on 41,714 participants using generalized linear models. Metabolic quality was ascertained by each FV's association with biomarkers. Major chronic disease risk analysis involved 207,241 participants followed for 32 y with Cox proportional hazards models. We also analyzed atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of 52 FV items, 19 were identified as high-metabolic quality (top 5: apples/pears, iceberg/head lettuce, raw spinach, alfalfa sprouts, and eggplant/summer squash). In disease risk analysis, 60,712 major chronic disease events were recorded. A higher proportion of high-metabolic quality FV intake was associated with lower chronic disease risk across total FV quantity levels. In each quantity level stratum (quartiles Q1-Q4), comparing the highest to the lowest quality proportion quartiles, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 0.85 (0.81-0.90), 0.86 (0.82-0.90), 0.84 (0.80-0.89), and 0.89 (0.84-0.94), all P-trend < 0.001. Patterns were similar for ASCVD, T2D, and COPD but less consistent for cancer. High total FV intake, if consisting mostly of neutral or low-metabolic quality items, was not associated with lower chronic disease risk. For diabetes specifically, these were associated with significantly higher risk [quantity-Q3, HR: 1.13 (1.05, 1.22); quantity-Q4, HR: 1.17 (1.07, 1.28)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the importance of considering both quality and quantity of FV for health, and support dietary guidelines to emphasize high-metabolic quality FV consumption alongside overall intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Thompson AS, Jennings A, Bondonno NP, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Parmenter BH, Hill C, Perez-Cornago A, Kühn T, Cassidy A. Higher habitual intakes of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods are associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank cohort. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38778045 PMCID: PMC11111454 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of a diet high in flavonoid-rich foods, as reflected by a "Flavodiet Score" (FDS), the major individual food contributors to flavonoid intake, and flavonoid subclasses with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in the UK Biobank cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flavonoid intakes were estimated from ≥2 dietary assessments among 113,097 study participants [age at enrolment: 56 ± 8 years; 57% female] using the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between dietary exposures and T2D. RESULTS During 12 years of follow-up, 2628 incident cases of T2D were identified. A higher FDS (compared to lower [Q4 vs. Q1]), characterised by an average of 6 servings of flavonoid-rich foods per day, was associated with a 26% lower T2D risk [HR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84), ptrend = <0.001]. Mediation analyses showed that lower body fatness and basal inflammation, as well as better kidney and liver function partially explain this association. In food-based analyses, higher intakes of black or green tea, berries, and apples were significantly associated with 21%, 15%, and 12% lower T2D risk. Among individual flavonoid subclasses, 19-28% lower risks of T2D were observed among those with the highest, compared to lowest intakes. CONCLUSIONS A higher consumption of flavonoid-rich foods was associated with lower T2D risk, potentially mediated by benefits to obesity/sugar metabolism, inflammation, kidney and liver function. Achievable increases in intakes of specific flavonoid-rich foods have the potential to reduce T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha S Thompson
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amy Jennings
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, 08921, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin H Parmenter
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Claire Hill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Kovács N, Shahin B, Andrade CAS, Mahrouseh N, Varga O. Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, and diabetes mellitus prevalence in European countries from three waves of the European Health Interview Survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11623. [PMID: 38773149 PMCID: PMC11109107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Population shift towards healthier lifestyles can help reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), therefore understanding and monitoring the lifestyle-related risk factors are crucial for setting up effective preventive strategies and disease management. The present study aimed to explore the changes in prevalence of DM and major risk factors including smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as body mass index (BMI) over three waves of European Health Interview Survey, and to investigate the association between risk factors and presence of DM across 11 European Union member states. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between risk factors and DM, adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables. The estimated age-standardized prevalence of DM increased from 7.01% in 2009 to 7.96% in 2019, with substantial increase in subgroups with higher BMI and unhealthy lifestyle including physically inactive people, or current smokers. Obesity and overweight and physical inactivity were significantly associated with DM in all survey waves. Our findings underline that obesity prevention and weight loss promotion along with physical activity promotion are the subject of lifestyle interventions to reduce the burden of DM in EU member states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Kovács
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balqees Shahin
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Carlos Alexandre Soares Andrade
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nour Mahrouseh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Varga
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
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Arnesen EK, Laake I, Carlsen MH, Veierød MB, Retterstøl K. Potato Consumption and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality - A Long-Term Follow-Up of a Norwegian Cohort. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00288-8. [PMID: 38763265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potatoes are a staple food in many traditional cuisines, yet their impact on long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality is unclear, hampering evidence-based dietary guidelines. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between potato consumption and all-cause and CVD-specific death over a substantial follow-up period within a cohort predominantly consuming boiled potatoes. METHODS Adults from 3 Norwegian counties were invited to 3 health screenings in 1974-1988 (>80% attendance). Dietary data were collected using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires at each screening to categorize weekly potato consumption (≤6, 7-13, or ≥14 potatoes/wk) and calculate daily cumulative mean intakes (grams/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between potato consumption and risk of death from all causes, CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). RESULTS Among 77,297 participants with a mean baseline age of 41.1 y (range: 18.0-63.9 y), we observed 27,848 deaths, including 9072 deaths due to CVD, over a median follow-up of 33.5 y. Participants who consumed ≥14 potatoes/wk had a lower risk of all-cause death compared with those consuming ≤6 potatoes/wk (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93). Potato consumption was associated with a minor, inverse risk of death due to CVD, IHD, and AMI. In continuous analyses of cumulative intakes, each 100 g/d increment was associated with 4% lower risk of death from all causes (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98), CVD (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99), IHD (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00), and AMI (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.01). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort with a generally high consumption of predominantly boiled potatoes, we find modest, inverse associations between potato consumption and death from all causes, CVD, and IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kristoffer Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ida Laake
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica H Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Pouzou JG, Zagmutt FJ. Observational Dose-Response Meta-Analysis Methods May Bias Risk Estimates at Low Consumption Levels: The Case of Meat and Colorectal Cancer. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100214. [PMID: 38521239 PMCID: PMC11061242 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies of foods and health are susceptible to bias, particularly from confounding between diet and other lifestyle factors. Common methods for deriving dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) may contribute to biased or overly certain risk estimates. We used DRMA models to evaluate the empirical evidence for colorectal cancer (CRC) association with unprocessed red meat (RM) and processed meats (PM), and the consistency of this association for low and high consumers under different modeling assumptions. Using the Global Burden of Disease project's systematic reviews as a start, we compiled a data set of studies of PM with 29 cohorts contributing 23,522,676 person-years and of 23 cohorts for RM totaling 17,259,839 person-years. We fitted DRMA models to lower consumers only [consumption < United States median of PM (21 g/d) or RM (56 g/d)] and compared them with DRMA models using all consumers. To investigate impacts of model selection, we compared classical DRMA models against an empirical model for both lower consumers only and for all consumers. Finally, we assessed if the type of reference consumer (nonconsumer or mixed consumer/nonconsumer) influenced a meta-analysis of the lowest consumption arm. We found no significant association with consumption of 50 g/d RM using an empirical fit with lower consumption (relative risk [RR] 0.93 (0.8-1.02) or all consumption levels (1.04 (0.99-1.10)), while classical models showed RRs as high as 1.09 (1.00-1.18) at 50g/day. PM consumption of 20 g/d was not associated with CRC (1.01 (0.87-1.18)) when using lower consumer data, regardless of model choice. Using all consumption data resulted in association with CRC at 20g/day of PM for the empirical models (1.07 (1.02-1.12)) and with as little as 1g/day for classical models. The empirical DRMA showed nonlinear, nonmonotonic relationships for PM and RM. Nonconsumer reference groups did not affect RM (P = 0.056) or PM (P = 0.937) association with CRC in lowest consumption arms. In conclusion, classical DRMA model assumptions and inclusion of higher consumption levels influence the association between CRC and low RM and PM consumption. Furthermore, a no-risk limit of 0 g/d consumption of RM and PM is inconsistent with the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane G Pouzou
- EpiX Analytics, LLC. Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Kalandarova M, Ahmad I, Aung TNN, Moolphate S, Shirayama Y, Okamoto M, Aung MN, Yuasa M. Association Between Dietary Habits and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thai Adults: A Case-Control Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1143-1155. [PMID: 38465346 PMCID: PMC10924810 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s445015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of T2DM is escalating in Thailand affecting over 10% of adults aged 20-79 years old. It is imperative to identify modifiable risk factors that can potentially help mitigate the risk of developing diabetes. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary habits and type 2 diabetes in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Methods This case-control study involved 300 individuals aged 25-74 years residing in Chiang Mai, Thailand including 150 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (cases) and 150 community residents without diabetes (controls). Dietary habits were assessed based on Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric information of the participants were collected. Data analysis was performed using the STATA-17. Results The case group participants were older and had a higher proportion of males compared to the control group. The case group exhibited a significantly higher consumption of meat, beans, nuts, soft drinks, and topping seasonings (p<0.001), conversely, a lower intake of vegetables (p<0.001), fruits (p=0.006), fish, rice (p<0.001), eggs (p=0.032), milk products, coffee, and tea (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the case group demonstrated a higher level of certain dietary practices such as a greater frequency of having meals with family, not removing visible fat from food (p<0.001), and eating snacks between meals compared to controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounding factors not removing visible fat from food (aOR 5.61, 95% CI: 2.29-13.7, p<0.001) and using topping seasonings (aOR 3.52 95% CI: 1.69-7.32 p=0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM, whereas daily vegetable intake (aOR 0.32 95% CI: 0.15-0.68 p=0.003) was inversely associated with T2DM. Conclusion The study findings caution against the consumption of food rich in fat and using salty seasonings, while advocating for an increased intake of vegetables to prevent the prevalence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhbuba Kalandarova
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Thin Nyein Nyein Aung
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Saiyud Moolphate
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Yoshihisa Shirayama
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miyoko Okamoto
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Myo Nyein Aung
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Fraga CG, Cremonini E, Galleano M, Oteiza PI. Natural Products and Diabetes: (-)-Epicatechin and Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38421444 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that occurs when cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance, which leads to high blood glucose levels. Although it can be treated pharmacologically, dietary habits beyond carbohydrate restriction can be highly relevant in the management of T2D. Emerging evidence supports the possibility that natural products (NPs) could contribute to managing blood glucose or counteract the undesirable effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This chapter summarizes the relevant preclinical evidence involving the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the optimization of glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and/or diabetes-associated disorders. Major effects of EC are observed on (i) intestinal functions, including digestive enzymes, glucose transporters, microbiota, and intestinal permeability, and (ii) redox homeostasis, including oxidative stress and inflammation. There is still a need for further clinical studies to confirm the in vitro and rodent data, allowing recommendations for EC, particularly in prediabetic and T2D patients. The collection of similar data and the lack of clinical evidence for EC is also applicable to other NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Rosell M, Nyström CD. Fruit juice - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10463. [PMID: 38370109 PMCID: PMC10870970 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit juice has a similar nutrient content as whole fruit and may in this respect be part of a healthy diet. However, a lower amount or lack of fibre and a higher concentration of sugars and energy could also contribute to less satiation and increase the risk of excess energy intake. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of fruit juice as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. PubMed was searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and evidence was extracted on relevant health outcomes. Current available evidence indicates that low to moderate consumption of fruit juice is not associated with an apparent risk of chronic diseases and may have protective effects on cardiovascular disease. The association between the intake of fruit juice and weight gain remains unclear and might be of concern for some groups of people. Overall, the evidence regarding health effects of fruit juice is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Kurniawan F, Sigit FS, Trompet S, Yunir E, Tarigan TJE, Harbuwono DS, Soewondo P, Tahapary DL, de Mutsert R. Lifestyle and clinical risk factors in relation with the prevalence of diabetes in the Indonesian urban and rural populations: The 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102629. [PMID: 38375173 PMCID: PMC10874845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the differences between Indonesian urban and rural populations in the association of lifestyle and clinical factors with diabetes prevalence. Methods Using database of the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey, which was conducted in April-May 2018, non-pregnant respondents aged ≥15 years old with available blood glucose data (n urban = 17,129, n rural = 16,585) were included in this study. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on the combination of known diabetes, i.e., a previous history of diabetes or use of anti-diabetes medication, and unknown diabetes based on blood glucose criteria. We performed logistic regression analyses separately for the urban and rural populations to examine the association of lifestyle and clinical factors with prevalent diabetes. Results Indonesian urban population was less physically active, had a lower proportion of adequate fruit and vegetable intake, and had higher individuals with obesity than rural population. Although there were no differences in the total prevalence of diabetes between the two populations (10.9 % vs. 11.0 %, for urban and rural, respectively), the prevalence of known diabetes was twice higher in urban than in rural population (3.8 % vs. 1.9 %). Physical activity was associated with lower risk of diabetes, especially in the urban population [prevalence OR (95 %CI): 0.91 (0.85; 0.98) for urban and 0.94 (0.89; 1.00) for rural). Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were risk factors for prevalent diabetes in both populations. Conclusions Indonesian rural population showed relatively better lifestyle and clinical profiles compared to their urban counterparts. However, no differences were observed between the two populations in the relation between risk factors and diabetes. Special attention needs to be addressed to the high prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Kurniawan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fathimah S. Sigit
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Em Yunir
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Juli E. Tarigan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dante S. Harbuwono
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pradana Soewondo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L. Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Educational and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Skurk T, Grünerbel A, Hummel S, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Müssig K, Nussbaumer H, Rubin D, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS. Nutritional Recommendations for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:68-82. [PMID: 38232741 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Hummel
- Helmholtz Diabetes Centre Institute of Diabetes Research Munich, Research Centre for Health and Environment (GmbH), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Specialist Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | | | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
- Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Centre Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Rosell M, Nyström CD. Potatoes - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10454. [PMID: 38327995 PMCID: PMC10845899 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Potatoes comprise a common staple food in the Nordic and Baltic countries and contribute to the diet with vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. However, potatoes may also be consumed in processed forms with added fat and salt, which raises concerns about possible adverse health effects. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of potatoes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. PubMed was searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and evidence was extracted on relevant health outcomes. Current available evidence indicates that moderate consumption of potatoes is not associated with a substantial risk of chronic diseases, and that they may be part of a healthy diet. However, the health effects vary greatly depending on cooking methods, and studies indicate that the intake of French fries/fried potatoes should be limited. Overall, the evidence regarding health effects of potatoes is very limited, and possible associations need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Rosell M, Fadnes LT. Vegetables, fruits, and berries - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10455. [PMID: 38327994 PMCID: PMC10845895 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, fruits, and berries comprise a large variety of foods and are recognised to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Many observational studies have been published during the last decade, and the aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of vegetables, fruits, and berries for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. A scoping review was conducted according to the protocol developed within the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Current available evidence strengthens the role of consuming vegetables, fruits, and berries in preventing chronic diseases. The most robust evidence is found for cancer in the gastric system and lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Steeper risk reductions are generally seen at the lower intake ranges, but further reductions have been seen for higher intakes for cardiovascular disease. Weaker associations are seen for type 2 diabetes. There is evidence that suggests a beneficial role also for outcomes such as osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and frailty in the elderly. The observed associations are supported by several mechanisms, indicting causal effects. Some subgroups of vegetables, fruits, and berries may have greater benefits than other subgroups, supporting a recommendation to consume a variety of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Haramshahi M, A-Elgadir TME, Daabo HMA, Altinkaynak Y, Hjazi A, Saxena A, Najm MAA, Almulla AF, Alsaalamy A, Kashani MA. Nutrient patterns and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:10. [PMID: 38229053 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Although the significance of diet in preventing or managing diabetes complications is highlighted in current literature, there is insufficient evidence regarding the correlation between nutrient patterns and these complications. The objective of this case-control study is to investigate this relationship by analyzing the dietary intake of nutrients in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A case-control study was conducted at the Tabriz Center of Metabolism and Endocrinology to investigate the relationship between nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study enrolled 225 newly diagnosed cases of T2D and 225 controls. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation was used to obtain nutrient patterns. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of T2D. RESULTS The participants' mean (SD) age and BMI were 39.8 (8.8) years and 27.8 (3.6) kg/m2, respectively. The results identified three major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was characterized by high consumption of sucrose, animal protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin D, Riboflavin, Vitamin B5, copper, and Magnesium. The third nutrient pattern was characterized by fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Individuals in the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 3 (NP3) had a lower risk of T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio was 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.30-0.89 and a P_trend of 0.039. CONCLUSION This study found that conforming to a nutrient pattern consisting of plant protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B2, potassium, and calcium is linked to a lower likelihood of developing T2D.The initial results suggest that following a nutrient pattern that includes these nutrients may reduce the risk of T2D. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Haramshahi
- Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Yahya Altinkaynak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archana Saxena
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- College of technical engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Amin Kashani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Vasold KL, Mantinan K, Hofer R, Waddle M, Slechta A. Evaluation of a Distribution Model to Increase Access to Affordable Fruits and Vegetables. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E01. [PMID: 38176697 PMCID: PMC10805273 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying effective, sustainable strategies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption is critical to addressing chronic disease risk. Models that provide incentives for produce purchases through reduced-cost or no-cost produce shares are promising. The purpose of our study was to examine the impact on fruit and vegetable intake of Good Food for All, a community-based program to distribute no-cost produce boxes to participants with low incomes. We also assessed program satisfaction and future interest in purchasing an affordable produce box. Methods The Good Food for All program was implemented in 22 US cities. Surveys were administered at baseline and postintervention. An online research panel was used as a comparison group and weighted to be demographically comparable to the intervention group. Descriptive statistics and adjusted difference-in-difference (ADID) models were used to examine differences in outcomes between groups. Results Respondents (intervention n = 632; comparison n = 1,153) were primarily White, non-Hispanic, and female. Intervention participants had a greater increase in total fruit consumption frequency (ADID: 0.43 times/d; 95% CI, 0.21-0.64; P < .001), total vegetable consumption frequency (ADID: 0.52 times/d; 95% CI, 0.12-0.91; P = .01), and total fruit and vegetable consumption frequency (ADID: 1.03 times/d; 95% CI, 0.49-1.56; P < .001) than comparison respondents. Most intervention participants reported boxes contained the right amount of food (71.9%) and high-quality produce (68.4%) and were willing to purchase a future produce box (85.0%). Conclusion Findings indicate that a produce box distribution model increased fruit and vegetable consumption, had high satisfaction among participants, and generated interest in purchasing affordable produce boxes. Future studies should explore feasibility of offering low-cost produce boxes at grocery stores and determine appropriate pricing models to enhance access and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L Vasold
- Altarum Institute, 3520 Green Ct #300, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | | | | | - Michael Waddle
- Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amy Slechta
- Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, District of Columbia
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Patel B, Unadkat S, Patel H, Rathod M. Dietary Practices Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Visiting a Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Clinic in a District of Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52604. [PMID: 38374862 PMCID: PMC10875394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is becoming a major public health problem in the country. One of the most important lifestyle modifications necessary for diabetic patients is maintaining healthy dietary choices. These modifications in dietary practices are supposed to be followed lifelong, along with medication, for better glycemic control. Despite understanding the importance of dietary control and physical activity in the management of diabetes, adherence to these practices is poor. This study aimed to assess the dietary practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and various factors that determine adherence to these healthy dietary practices. The secondary objective was to find the perceptions of participants about the role of diet in controlling diabetes and to find the perception-practice gap among study participants. METHODOLOGY It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 450 T2DM patients visiting the non-communicable disease (NCD) clinics of tertiary care hospitals and community health centres (CHCs) of the study district. Dietary practice was assessed using a modified UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ), considering the food patterns in the study area. Statistical tests like chi-square and ordinal logistic regression were applied using Jamovi software for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The healthiest food choices were abstinence from alcohol consumption (100%), avoiding processed meat (92.21%), high-fibre breakfast (70.4%), and daily consumption of vegetables (68.2%). Improper dietary practices were regular sugary drinks (38%) and high-glycemic-index food items (22.4%). The mean (SD) of the composite score was 68.02 (8.7) and the median score (interquartile range (IQR)) was 69 (60-76). Tertile analysis of the composite score revealed that with the increase in age, patients were less likely to be in the intermediate or upper tertile score (β = -0.0219, p = 0.016). Being female (odds ratio (OR) =0.603, CI: 0.395-0.917, p = 0.019) and living in a three-generation family made the patients less likely to be in the upper tertile score. CONCLUSION Nearly half of the participants had an overall healthy score. Dietary practices were healthy among the participants of lower ages, males, and those living in nuclear and joint families. The highest perception-practice gap was seen for fruit and rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Patel
- Community Medicine, Swaminarayan Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kalol, IND
| | - Sumit Unadkat
- Community Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Harsh Patel
- Community Medicine, SAL Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Mittal Rathod
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jammu, Jammu, IND
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Bahari H, Ashtary-Larky D, Goudarzi K, Mirmohammadali SN, Asbaghi O, Hosseini Kolbadi KS, Naderian M, Hosseini A. The effects of pomegranate consumption on glycemic indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102940. [PMID: 38194826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epidemiologic studies have shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent worldwide; therefore, improving glycemic indices to prevent or control T2D is vital. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of pomegranate consumption on glycemic indices have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the impact of pomegranate consumption on fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in adults. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to May 2023 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effect of pomegranate consumption on glycemic indices. Heterogeneity tests of the included trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95 % confidence interval. RESULTS Of 1999 records, 32 eligible RCTs were included in the current study. Our meta-analysis of the pooled findings showed that pomegranate consumption significantly reduced FBG (WMD: -2.22 mg/dL; 95 % CI: -3.95 to -0.50; p = 0.012), fasting insulin (WMD: -1.06 μU/ml; 95%CI: -1.79 to -0.33; p = 0.004), HbA1c (WMD: -0.22 %; 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.01; p = 0.037), and HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.30; 95%CI: -0.61 to -0.00; p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Overall, the results demonstrated that pomegranate consumption benefits glycemic indices in adults. However, further research with long-term interventions is required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CODE CRD42023422780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Moslem Naderian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ahn S, Ahn S, Jang H, Eom K, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Chung JI, Park JY, Nam S, Choi YH, Joung H. Validation of resonance Raman spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status as a biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake in Korean adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1993-2001. [PMID: 37184085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood carotenoid concentration measurement is considered the gold standard for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake estimation; however, this method is invasive and expensive. Recently, skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by optical sensors has been evaluated as a promising parameter for F&V intake estimation. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to validate the utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed SCS as a biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults. We used data from 108 participants aged 20-69 years who completed SCS measurements, blood collection and 3-d dietary recordings. Serum carotenoid concentrations were quantified using HPLC, and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes were estimated via 3-d dietary records using a carotenoid database for common Korean foods. The correlations of the SCS with serum carotenoid concentrations, dietary carotenoid intake and F&V intake were examined to assess SCS validity. SCS was positively correlated with total serum carotenoid concentration (r = 0·52, 95 % CI = 0·36, 0·64, P < 0·001), serum β-carotene concentration (r = 0·60, 95 % CI = 0·47, 0·71, P < 0·001), total carotenoid intake (r = 0·20, 95 % CI = 0·01, 0·37, P = 0·04), β-carotene intake (r = 0·30, 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·46, P = 0·002) and F&V intake (r = 0·40, 95 % CI = 0·23, 0·55, P < 0·001). These results suggest that SCS can be a valid biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Chung
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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Tan LK, Chua EH, Mohd Ghazali S, Cheah YK, Jayaraj VJ, Kee CC. Does Awareness of Malaysian Healthy Plate Associate with Adequate Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Malaysian Adults with Non-Communicable Diseases? Nutrients 2023; 15:5043. [PMID: 38140302 PMCID: PMC10745645 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy eating plate concept has been introduced in many countries, including Malaysia, as a visual guide for the public to eat healthily. The relationship between Malaysian Healthy Plate (MHP) and adequate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among morbid Malaysian adults is unknown. Hence, we investigated the relationship between awareness of the MHP and FV intake among morbid Malaysian adults. National survey data on 9760 morbid Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above were analyzed. The relationship between awareness of MHP and FV intake among Malaysian adults with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were determined using multivariable logistic regression controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. Our data demonstrated that MHP awareness is associated with adequate FV intake among the Malaysian adults with abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-3.29), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 4.88, 95% CI: 2.13-22.18), hypertension (aOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.96-9.83), and hypercholesterolemia (aOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.48-11.72). Our findings indicated the necessity for ongoing efforts by policymakers, healthcare professionals, and nutrition educators to promote the concept of MHP and ensure that morbid Malaysian adults consume a sufficient intake of FV or adopt a healthy eating pattern to achieve and maintain optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Kim Tan
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia; (V.J.J.); (C.C.K.)
| | - En Hong Chua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Sumarni Mohd Ghazali
- Biomedical Epidemiology Unit, Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yong Kang Cheah
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Kedah, Malaysia;
| | - Vivek Jason Jayaraj
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia; (V.J.J.); (C.C.K.)
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia; (V.J.J.); (C.C.K.)
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Murad MH, Verbeek J, Schwingshackl L, Filippini T, Vinceti M, Akl EA, Morgan RL, Mustafa RA, Zeraatkar D, Senerth E, Street R, Lin L, Falck-Ytter Y, Guyatt G, Schünemann HJ. GRADE GUIDANCE 38: Updated guidance for rating up certainty of evidence due to a dose-response gradient. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 164:45-53. [PMID: 37777140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This updated guidance from the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation addresses rating up certainty of evidence due to a dose-response gradient (DRG) observed in synthesis of intervention and exposure studies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This guidance was developed using iterative discussions and consensus in multiple meetings and was presented to attendees of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group meeting for feedback in November 2022 and for final approval in May 2023. RESULTS The guidance consists of two steps. The first is to determine whether the DRG is credible. We describe five items for assessing credibility: a) is DRG identified using a proper analytical approach; b) is confounding the cause of the DRG; c) is there serious concern about ecological bias; d) is the DRG consistent across studies; and e) is there indirect evidence supporting the DRG. The first two of these items are the most critical. If the DRG was judged to be credible, then the second step is to apply the DRG domain and consider rating up, but only by one level due to the concern about residual confounding. CONCLUSION Systematic review authors should only rate up certainty in evidence when a DRG is deemed credible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Center, Rochester, MN, USA; Evidence Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH, USA.
| | - Jos Verbeek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Academic Medical Centers Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Elie A Akl
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Morgan
- Evidence Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Reem A Mustafa
- Evidence Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH, USA; Outcomes and Implementation Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dena Zeraatkar
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Renee Street
- South African Medical Research Council, Environment & Health Research Unit, South Africa
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Department of Statistics, University of Arizona Medical Center-South Campus, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yngve Falck-Ytter
- Evidence Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; VA Northeast Ohio Health Care System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
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Zhang G, Kang J, Jing S, Chen Y, Deng T, Xu H, Wu H, Xu F. Meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption among urban and rural elders aged 60+ years in regional China: a population-level nutritional study. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e120. [PMID: 38155810 PMCID: PMC10753460 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess epidemiological characteristics of the most recent consumption patterns of meat, vegetable, and fruit among representative urban and rural residents aged 60+ years in regional China. In this cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2018, participants aged 60+ years were randomly chosen from urban and rural communities in Nanjing municipality of China. Meat, vegetable, and fruit intake were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association of socio-demographic characteristics with a likelihood of meeting intake recommendation. Among the 20 867 participants, 49⋅5 % were men and 45⋅0 % urban elders, and 6⋅5 % aged 80+ years. The mean values of consumption frequency of red meat, white meat, vegetable, and fruit were 2⋅99 ± 2⋅28, 1⋅37 ± 1⋅13, 5⋅24 ± 6⋅43, and 2⋅64 ± 2⋅91 times/week, respectively, among overall participants. Moreover, there were 14⋅9, 23⋅7, and 12⋅1 % of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, and fruit, separately, in this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, age, gender, residence area, and educational attainment each was associated with the likelihood of meeting intake recommendation of meat, vegetable, or fruit. The consumption frequency and proportion of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, or fruit were not high among elders in regional China. Socio-demographic characteristics were associated with intake recommendations of meat, vegetables, and fruit. It has public health implications that participants' socio-demographic attributes shall be considered for precision intervention on meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption in healthy eating campaigns among elders in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Zhang
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shibao Jing
- Nanjing Liuhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinhao Chen
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianrui Deng
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidi Wu
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kagaruki GB, Mahande MJ, Mayige MT, Kreppel KS, Ngadaya ES, Haydon D, Kimaro GD, Mfinanga SG, Bonfoh B. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors among regular street food consumers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: The pre-post findings from a cluster randomized trial (Registered by Pan African clinical trial registry with trial # PACTR202208642850935). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289289. [PMID: 37967111 PMCID: PMC10650998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The healthy plate model (HPM) is a practical guide to modulate the portion of staple food in main meals, subsequently affecting the risks associated with Non-communicable Diseases include type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effectiveness of health information and the healthy plate model on cardio-metabolic risk factors, knowledge and attitude towards T2DM prevention measures. METHODS A pre-post analysis, as part of a cluster randomized trial with street food vendors and their customers, was implemented in three randomly selected districts in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Two vendor-customer clusters each with 15 and more vendors from each district were randomly assigned to receive either T2DM health information only (Intervention package1 [IP1]) or IP1 plus a subsidized meal with vegetables and fruits, following the principles of the HPM (Intervention package2 [IP2]). Within the clusters the participants were informed on the importance of the intervention they received. An intervention period lasted for three months from 1st April to 31st June 2019. We applied Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Bayesian Modelling (for sensitivity analysis) to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS Overall, 336 (IP2 = 175 and IP1 = 161) out of 560 (280/arm) previous study participants participated in evaluation. Diastolic BP was lower among IP2 participants in the evaluation than baseline AβC = -4.1mmHg (95%CI:-5.42 to -2.76). After adjusting for the interaction between IP2 and age of the consumers, the BMI was significantly lower among IP2 in the evaluation than baseline AβC = -0.7kg/m2 (95%CI: -1.17 to -0.23). With interaction between IP2 and income, BMI was higher in the IP2 in the evaluation than baseline AβC = 0.73kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.08 to 1.38). Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower among IP1 in the evaluation than baseline AβC = -3.5mmHg (95%CI:-5.78 to -1.24) and AβC = -5.9mmHg (95%CI:-7.34 to -4.44) respectively. Both the knowledge scores and positive attitudes towards T2DM prevention measures were higher in the evaluation than baseline in both interventions arms. CONCLUSION The positive effects on cardio-metabolic risk factors, knowledge and attitude were observed in both intervention arms. Due to interactions between IP2, age and income; designing interventions relating to food and cardio-metabolic risk factors, should consider combining socio-economic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson B. Kagaruki
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Tukuyu Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J. Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mary T. Mayige
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Esther S. Ngadaya
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Daniel Haydon
- Schoool of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfather D. Kimaro
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sayoki G. Mfinanga
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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Bai T, Peng J, Zhu X, Wu C. Vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1244-1252. [PMID: 37724454 PMCID: PMC10538608 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The systematic review aimed to assess the association between vegetarian diet and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies on vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The primary outcome was morbidity due to gastrointestinal cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Pooled effects were analyzed using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42022310187). Eight original studies (seven cohorts and one case-control), involving 686 691 participants, were included. Meta-analysis showed a negative correlation between vegetarian diets and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis risk [relative risk (RR) equals 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) is (0.65-0.90)], compared with non-vegetarian diets. Subgroup analysis indicated that vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risks of gastric cancer [RR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.28-0.61)] and colorectal cancer [RR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.76-0.95)], but not with that of upper gastrointestinal cancer (excluding stomach) [RR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.61-1.42)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in men [RR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.36-0.91)], but were uncorrelated in women [RR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.71-1.11)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in North American [RR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.61-0.95)] and Asian populations [RR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.26-0.72)] and were uncorrelated in the European population [RR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.68-1.01)]. Adhering to vegetarian diets reduces the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. More data from well-conducted cohort and other studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina & School of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinqi Zhu
- School of Foreign Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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Forray AI, Coman MA, Simonescu-Colan R, Mazga AI, Cherecheș RM, Borzan CM. The Global Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to Dietary Risks: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Nutrients 2023; 15:4613. [PMID: 37960266 PMCID: PMC10648266 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 reveals an increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from 1990 to 2019. This study delves into the role of dietary risk factors across different demographic and socioeconomic groups. Utilizing data from the GBD 2019, it analyzes age-adjusted T2DM metrics-death counts, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs)-stratified by age, sex, and region. The study employed Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) to track trends over time. The results show that in 2019, 26.07% of T2DM mortality and 27.08% of T2DM DALYs were attributable to poor diets, particularly those low in fruits and high in red and processed meats. There was a marked increase in both the death rate and DALY rate associated with dietary risks over this period, indicating the significant impact of dietary factors on the global T2DM landscape. Geographic variations in T2DM trends were significant, with regions like Southern Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia experiencing the most substantial increases in Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) and Age-Standardized DALY Rate (ASDR). A positive correlation was noted between Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and T2DM burden due to dietary risk factors. The study concludes that targeted public health initiatives promoting dietary changes could substantially reduce the global T2DM burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ioana Forray
- Discipline of Public Health and Management, Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babeș 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Adina Coman
- Department of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, General Traian Moșoiu 71, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (R.S.-C.)
| | - Ruxandra Simonescu-Colan
- Department of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, General Traian Moșoiu 71, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (R.S.-C.)
| | - Andreea Isabela Mazga
- Faculty of General Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Mircea Cherecheș
- Department of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, General Traian Moșoiu 71, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (R.S.-C.)
| | - Cristina Maria Borzan
- Discipline of Public Health and Management, Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babeș 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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26
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Dholariya S, Dutta S, Singh R, Parchwani D, Sonagra A, Kaliya M. Bexagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, for improvement of glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2187-2198. [PMID: 37817422 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2269854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the clinical safety and efficacy of bexagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor, in managing glycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AREAS COVERED We examined RCTs with T2DM comparing the clinical effectiveness and safety of 20 mg once daily oral dose of bexagliflozin with placebo for managing glycemia till 28 May 2023, published on databases like ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Furthermore, reduction of body weight, fasting plasma sugarr(FPG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the percentage of individuals who achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of < 7% from baseline were also evaluated. The Review Manager 5 was utilized to investigate the retrieved data. EXPERT OPINION We involved eight RCTs. Bexagliflozin was significantly superior in reducing HbA1c[least squares mean difference(LSMD) = -0.45,95% confidence interval (CI =-0.55 to -0.34,p < 0.00001], FPG [LSMD= -1.37, 95%CI =-1.73 to -1.00, p < 0.00001], body weight (LSMD= -1.77, 95%CI =-2.44 to-1.10, p < 0.00001), and SBP(LSMD= -4.11,95%CI = -6.18 to -2.03,p = 0.0001) in comparison to placebo. The safety outcomes of bexagliflozin were consistent with the placebo arm. This study concluded that bexagliflozin seems to be a promising oral anti-diabetic drug for enhancing glycemic management in adult patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
| | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
| | - Mehul Kaliya
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
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Rashid T, Afnan BH, Baloch AA, Mughal S, Hasan M, Khan MU. Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity Levels Among People With Type 2 Diabetes. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231189591. [PMID: 37654771 PMCID: PMC10467306 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231189591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of our study was to assess the association of eating habits with the dietary patterns of people with diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Dow University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A total 301 patients aged >18 with type 2 diabetes came to Outpatient department were recruited. Structured questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and dietary intake. Results A total of 301 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The average age of patients was 51.6 (SD ± 11.1) years which ranged from 21 to 80 years whereas the average BMI was 27.2 kg / m2 (SD ± 5.6). Overall, 42% of patients were found to often have less than 1 serving of fruit, and 45% had less than 3 servings of vegetables daily. Of all, 77 (26%) patients often distributed carbohydrates all over the day. Results revealed that HbA1c was higher in those patients who took more than 3 roti (approximately each roti weight 60-80 g) (P-value < .001) and full plate rice approximately 300 to 355 g cooked weight in a whole day (P-value < .001) as compared to those patients whose intake of roti was 3 or less than 3 and rice was a half plate. Moreover, out of 301 patients, 102 were found physically active (52% females and 48% males), while 199 were not active. Pain in legs and lack of motivation were common barrier to physical activity. Conclusion Our study revealed that patients' fruits and vegetable intake was not optimum, diet was not balanced and the quantity of starchy carbohydrates was not controlled which may affect their HBA1C levels. Proper counseling and awareness about the importance of a balanced diet and portion control in diabetes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamina Rashid
- National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Badder Hina Afnan
- Department of NILGID, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Akhter Ali Baloch
- National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Mughal
- School of Public Health Dow University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hasan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
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28
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Liao YP, Zheng QX, Jiang XM, Chen XQ, Gao XX, Pan YQ. Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis : List of all authors. Nutr J 2023; 22:27. [PMID: 37208776 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the conclusion is limited and conflicted. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and the risk of GDM. METHODS To find relevant studies, we searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ovid, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP for the report on prospective cohort studies published from inception to April 8, 2022. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 32,794 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of GDM (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.99). Whereas an increasing the consumption of vegetable, including all vegetable (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87-1.03), starchy vegetable (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.82-1.26), and fruit juice (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91-1.04) was not associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM. In a dose‒response analysis of eight studies, a 3% reduction in risk of GDM for a 100 g/d increase in fruit consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that higher fruit consumption may reduce the risk of GDM, with a 3% reduction in the risk of GDM for every 100 g/d increase in fruit intake. Higher-quality prospective studies or randomized clinical trials are required to validate the effect of different variations of fruits, vegetables, and fruit juice consumption on the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Liao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiu-Min Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Gao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Pan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
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Parasuaraman G, Ayyasamy L, Aune D, Sen A, Nagarajan R, Rajkumar P, Velusamy S, Manickam P, Sivaprakasam S. The association between body mass index, abdominal fatness, and weight change and the risk of adult asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7745. [PMID: 37173338 PMCID: PMC10182066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased risk of adult asthma, however, not all studies have found a clear association between overweight and the incidence of asthma, and data on other adiposity measures have been limited. Hence, we aimed to summarize evidence on association between adiposity and adult asthma. Relevant studies were retrieved through searches conducted in PubMed, and EMBASE up to March 2021. A total of sixteen studies (63,952 cases and 1,161,169 participants) were included in the quantitative synthesis. The summary RR was 1.32 (95% CI 1.21-1.44, I2 = 94.6%, pheterogeneity < 0.0001, n = 13) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 1.26 (95% CI 1.09-1.46, I2 = 88.6%, pheterogeneity < 0.0001, n = 5) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference and 1.33 (95% CI 1.22-1.44, I2 = 62.3%, pheterogeneity= 0.05, n = 4) per 10 kg increase in weight gain. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant for BMI (pnonlinearity < 0.00001), weight change (pnonlinearity = 0.002), and waist circumference (pnonlinearity = 0.02), there was a clear dose-response relationship between higher levels of adiposity and asthma risk. The magnitude of the associations and the consistency of the results across studies and adiposity measures provide strong evidence that overweight and obesity, waist circumference and weight gain increases asthma risk. These findings support policies to curb the global epidemic of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavanya Ayyasamy
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ramya Nagarajan
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Prabhu Rajkumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - P Manickam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Satish Sivaprakasam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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30
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Suttisansanee U, Thiyajai P, Inthachat W, Pruesapan K, Wongwathanarat K, Charoenkiatkul S, Sahasakul Y, Temviriyanukul P. Exploration of the nutritional and carotenoids profiles of vegetables in Thai cuisine as potential nutritious ingredients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15951. [PMID: 37205996 PMCID: PMC10189170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Missing information on plant origin control and nutritional data on herbs, spices and vegetables could lead to sample quality deficit and misusage of the plant database. In this study, twenty vegetables that were collected and managed based on the recommendations of the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand, were investigated regarding their proximate mineral, vitamin and carotenoid contents using the standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that these plants (100 g dry weight) exhibited similar energy levels (337.11-420.48 kcal), which were mainly distributed from high carbohydrate content (21.01-88.17 g), while protein (3.14-66.07 g) and fat (0.00-10.33 g) levels were quite low. As a form of carbohydrate, dietary fiber was found to be high in Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Cy. citratus) and Solanum torvum Sw. (So. torvum) (57.00-59.54 g). Interestingly, Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis (Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (S. pennata) exhibited exceptionally high protein content, which was between 2.3 and 3.1 times higher than its carbohydrates. High mineral contents were detected in S. pennata, Ocimum africanum Lour. (O. africanum), Ocimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum), Ocimum gratissimum L. var. macrophyllum Briq. (O. gratissimum) and Coriandrum sativum L. (Co. sativum), while Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen (M. cordifolia) was observed to be a good source of vitamin C (381.36-547.47 mg). High carotenoids were mostly found in Eryngium foetidum L. (E. foetidum), O. gratissimum, Co. sativum and O. basilicum (75.23-119.96 mg). Interestingly, the location of sample collection seemed to have minimal effect on the nutritional and carotenoid compositions. The results of this study provide reliable information concerning the nutritional and carotenoid contents in plant sources with control of origin, which could be used in the future for food development with specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parunya Thiyajai
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Pruesapan
- Plant Varieties Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Khanitha Wongwathanarat
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Madsen H, Sen A, Aune D. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5. [PMID: 37106252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A high fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with reduced risk of hypertension; however, results have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether specific types of fruits and vegetables are particularly beneficial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the published prospective studies on fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of hypertension. METHODS Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant prospective studies up to 15th May 2022. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hypertension. Strength of evidence was assessed using World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria. RESULTS Eighteen prospective studies (451 291 participants, 145 492 cases) were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of hypertension per 200 g/day was 0.97 (0.95-0.99, I2 = 68%, n = 8) for fruits and vegetables, 0.93 (0.89-0.98, I2 = 77%, n = 10) for fruits, and 1.00 (0.98-1.02, I2 = 38%, n = 10) for vegetables. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for fruits and vegetables, and 550 g/day for fruits, and these two associations were considered probably causal using WCRF criteria. Inverse associations were observed for apples or pears, blueberries, raisins or grapes, avocado, broccoli, carrots and lettuce, while positive associations were observed for cantaloupe, Brussels sprouts, cruciferous vegetables, and total and fried potatoes (n = 2-5). CONCLUSION A high intake of fruit and vegetables combined, and total fruit was associated with reduced risk of hypertension, while results for fruit and vegetable subtypes were mixed and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Madsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Jang DJ, Lee BK, Kim MS, Park S. Inverse Association of the Adequacy and Balance Scores in the Modified Healthy Eating Index with Type 2 Diabetes in Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071741. [PMID: 37049581 PMCID: PMC10097397 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has markedly increased among Asians as their diets and lifestyles become more westernized. We, therefore, investigated the hypothesis that the Korean healthy eating index (KHEI) scores are associated with gender-specific T2DM risk in adults. The hypothesis was tested using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-VI (2013–2017) with a complex sample survey design. Along with the KHEI scores, the modified KHEI (MKHEI) scores for the Korean- (KSD) and Western-style diets (WSD) were used as independent parameters, calculated using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). We estimated the association between the KHEI or MKHEI and the T2DM risk using logistic regression after adjusting for T2DM-related covariates. The adults with T2DM were more frequently older men who were less educated, married, on a lower income, and living in rural areas compared to those without T2DM. Not only the fasting serum glucose concentrations but also the waist circumferences and serum triglyceride concentrations were much higher in adults with T2DM than in those without T2DM in both genders. Serum HDL concentrations in the non-T2DM subjects exhibited a greater inverse relationship to serum glucose than in the T2DM group in both genders. Twenty-four-hour recall data revealed that women, but not men, had higher calcium, vitamin C, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, retinol, and vitamin B2 intakes than the T2DM group. Furthermore, overall, the KHEI score and the adequacy and balance scores among its components were significantly higher in the non-T2DM group than in the T2DM group, but only in women. The KHEI scores were inversely associated with T2DM only in women. The mixed grain intake score was higher in the non-T2DM than the T2DM group only in men. However, there were no differences between the groups in the MKHEI scores for KSD and WSD. In conclusion, high KHEI scores in the adequacy and balance components might prevent and/or delay T2DM risk, but only in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Yang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Jeon Hur
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Ja Jang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea
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33
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Niu K, Lyu Q, Zhang S, Wang C, Mao Z, Cui S, Gu R, Li L. The dose-response relationship of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of type 2 diabetes among rural China: The Henan Rural Cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:161-167. [PMID: 36739200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the dose-response relationship of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in rural China. METHODS A total of 38798 adults were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. F&V intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analysis were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for T2D relative to F&V intake and investigate the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Higher intake of fruit or combined F&V was in connection with a lower risk of T2D, after adjusting for multiple confounders. After analyzing the dose-response relationship, we found that the odds of T2D decreased significantly with fruit consumption ≥ 260 g/day or F&V intake between 600 and 1000 g/day. And in subgroup analysis, we found that the negative correlation between fruit consumption and T2D was more pronounced in non-current smokers and non-current drinkers. CONCLUSIONS High intake of fruit alone or combined F&V is related to a reduced risk of T2D in rural China. Fruit intake ≥ 260 g/day and total F&V consumption of 600-1000 g/day should be encouraged to promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Puyang Quality and Technical Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Puyang, Henan 457000, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Songyang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ruohua Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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35
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Pokharel P, Kyrø C, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Murray K, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Bondonno NP. Vegetable, but Not Potato, Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:286-296. [PMID: 36463930 PMCID: PMC9887631 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between intake of vegetables/potatoes and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore whether the relationship between vegetable intake and incident T2D is mediated by baseline BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional associations between exposure (baseline intake of total vegetables, vegetable subgroups, and potatoes) and baseline BMI were assessed by multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Associations between exposure and incident T2D were examined by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Mediation by BMI was quantified through exploration of natural direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Among 54,793 participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, 7,695 cases of T2D were recorded during a median follow-up of 16.3 years. Participants in the highest total vegetable intake quintile (median 319 g/day) had a 0.35 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.46, -0.24) lower BMI and a 21% (95% CI 16, 26%) lower risk of incident T2D after multivariable adjustment compared with those in the lowest quintile (median 67 g/day). Baseline BMI mediated ∼21% of the association between vegetable intake and incident T2D. Participants in the highest compared with the lowest (median 256 vs. 52 g/day) potato intake quintile had a 9% (95% CI 2, 16%) higher risk of T2D after multivariable adjustment, with no association found after accounting for underlying dietary pattern. Of the vegetable subclasses, higher intake of green leafy and cruciferous vegetables was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of T2D. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence that a higher vegetable, but not potato, intake might help mitigate T2D risk, partly by reducing BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Pokharel
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren C. Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine P. Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicola P. Bondonno
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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36
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Kosti RI, Tsiampalis T, Kouvari M, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou E, Pitsavos CS, Panagiotakos DB. The association of specific types of vegetables consumption with 10-year type II diabetes risk: Findings from the ATTICA cohort study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:226-240. [PMID: 35770418 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the association between vegetable consumption, in total as well as per type/category, and 10-year type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. METHODS The ATTICA study was conducted during 2001-2012 in 3042 apparently healthy adults living in Athens area, Greece. A detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluation was performed; vegetable consumption (total, per type) was evaluated through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After excluding those with no complete information of diabetes status or those lost at the 10-year follow-up, data from 1485 participants were used for the current analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for several participants' characteristics, including overall dietary habits, it was observed that participants consuming at least 4 servings/day of vegetables had a 0.42-times lower risk of developing T2DM (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.61); the benefits of consumption were greater in women (HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.16-0.53) compared to men (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34-0.92). Only 33% of the sample consumed vegetables 4 servings/day. The most significant associations were observed for allium vegetables in women and for red/orange/yellow vegetables, as well as for legumes in men. CONCLUSIONS The intake of at least 4 servings/day of vegetables was associated with a considerably reduced risk of T2DM, independently of other dietary habits; underlying the need for further elaboration of current dietary recommendations at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christos S Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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37
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Beigrezaei S, Jambarsang S, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mirzaei M, Mehrparvar AH, Salehi-Abargouei A. The association between dietary patterns derived by three statistical methods and type 2 diabetes risk: YaHS-TAMYZ and Shahedieh cohort studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:410. [PMID: 36624118 PMCID: PMC9829735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings were inconsistent regarding the superiority of using recently introduced hybrid methods to derive DPs compared to widely used statistical methods like principal component analysis (PCA) in assessing dietary patterns and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between DPs extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS), and reduced-rank regressions (RRR) in identifying DPs associated with T2DM risk. The study was conducted in the context of two cohort studies accomplished in central Iran. Dietary intake data were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DPs were derived by using PCA, PLS, and RRR methods considering. The association between DPs with the risk of T2DM was assessed using log-binomial logistic regression test. A total of 8667 participants aged 20-70 years were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted models, RRR-DP3 characterized by high intake of fruits, tomatoes, vegetable oils, and refined grains and low intake of processed meats, organ meats, margarine, and hydrogenated fats was significantly associated with a reduced T2DM risk (Q5 vs Q1: RR 0.540, 95% CI 0.33-0.87, P-trend = 0.020). No significant highest-lowest or trend association was observed between DPs derived using PCA or PLS and T2DM. The findings indicate that RRR method was more promising in identifying DPs that are related to T2DM risk compared to PCA and PLS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beigrezaei
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Dybvik JS, Svendsen M, Aune D. Vegetarian and vegan diets and the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:51-69. [PMID: 36030329 PMCID: PMC9899747 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vegetarian diets have been associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, results regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall and stroke are less clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on CVD, IHD and stroke risk among vegetarians or vegans versus nonvegetarians to clarify these associations. METHODS PubMed and Ovid Embase databases were searched through August 12, 2021. Prospective cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence or mortality from CVD, IHD and stroke, comparing vegetarians and vegans to nonvegetarians were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using ROBINS-I and the strength of evidence was assessed using World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria. Summary RRs (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. RESULTS Thirteen cohort studies (844,175 participants, 115,392 CVD, 30,377 IHD, and 14,419 stroke cases) were included. The summary RR for vegetarians vs. nonvegetarians was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.92, I2 = 68%, n = 8) for CVD, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.88, I2 = 67%, n = 8) for IHD, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.77-1.05, I2 = 61%, n = 12) for total stroke, and for vegans vs. nonvegetarians was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68-1.00, I2 = 0%, n = 6) for IHD. RoB was moderate (n = 8) to serious (n = 5). The associations between vegetarian diets and CVD and IHD were considered probably causal using WCRF criteria. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risk of CVD and IHD, but not stroke, but further studies are needed on stroke. These findings should be considered in dietary guidelines. REVIEW REGISTRATION No review protocol registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarle Sæby Dybvik
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Svendsen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Nutrition Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK ,Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dietary Patterns and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A 7-Year Longitudinal Analysis in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224872. [PMID: 36432558 PMCID: PMC9694161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary patterns may be linked to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after disasters. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and new-onset T2DM in evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Methods: Among the 22,740 non-diabetic participants aged 20-89 years who completed the dietary assessment in the Fukushima Health Management Survey between July 2011 and November 2012, the incidence of T2DM was evaluated until 2018. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to derive dietary patterns based on a validated, short-form food frequency questionnaire. The identified dietary patterns were categorized as typical Japanese, juice, and meat. Results: The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 18.0 and 9.8 per 1000 person-years in men and women, respectively, during the follow-up period. The multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of the highest vs. lowest quartile of the typical Japanese pattern scores for T2DM was 0.80 (0.68, 0.94; P for trend = 0.015) in total, 0.85 (0.68, 1.06; P for trend = 0.181) in men, and 0.76 (0.60, 0.95; P for trend = 0.04) in women. Conclusions: A typical Japanese dietary pattern may be associated with a reduced new-onset T2DM risk in evacuees, especially women, after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the FDNPP accident.
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Duan MJ, Dekker LH, Carrero JJ, Navis G. Lifestyle patterns and incident type 2 diabetes in the Dutch lifelines cohort study. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102012. [PMID: 36237838 PMCID: PMC9551208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors clustered in behavioral patterns within the population. Different lifestyle patterns were differentially associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A lifestyle pattern may be a proxy for an underlying variable that is relevant for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
We aimed to identify the underlying subgroups of the population characterized by distinct lifestyle patterns, and to investigate the associations between lifestyle patterns and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Using data from the Dutch Lifelines cohort study, latent class analysis was performed to derive lifestyle patterns on five lifestyle factors, i.e., smoking, diet quality, TV watching time, physical activity level, and risk drinking. Associations between lifestyle patterns and incident type 2 diabetes were estimated. Among 61,869 participants analyzed, we identified 900 cases of type 2 diabetes during follow-up (205,696 person-years; incidence rate 4.38 per 1000 person-years). Five lifestyle pattern groups were identified. Using the “healthy lifestyle group” as reference, the “unhealthy lifestyle group” had the highest risk for type 2 diabetes (HR 1.51 [95%CI 1.24, 1.85]), followed by the “poor diet and low physical activity group” (HR 1.26 [95%CI 1.03, 1.55]). The “risk drinker group” and the “couch potato group” (characterized by excessive TV watching) showed no significantly elevated risk. These models were adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, education, BMI, family history of diabetes, and blood glucose level at baseline. Our study shows that lifestyle factors tended to cluster in unique behavioral patterns within the heterogeneous population. These lifestyle patterns were differentially associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Our findings support the relevance of considering lifestyle patterns in type 2 diabetes prevention. Tailored prevention strategies that target multiple lifestyle risk factors for different lifestyle pattern groups may optimize the effectiveness of diabetes prevention at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Louise H. Dekker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Stanaway JD, Afshin A, Ashbaugh C, Bisignano C, Brauer M, Ferrara G, Garcia V, Haile D, Hay SI, He J, Iannucci V, Lescinsky H, Mullany EC, Parent MC, Serfes AL, Sorensen RJD, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Murray CJL. Health effects associated with vegetable consumption: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Med 2022; 28:2066-2074. [PMID: 36216936 PMCID: PMC9556321 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests a protective effect of vegetable consumption against chronic disease, but the quality of evidence underlying those findings remains uncertain. We applied a Bayesian meta-regression tool to estimate the mean risk function and quantify the quality of evidence for associations between vegetable consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes and esophageal cancer. Increasing from no vegetable consumption to the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (306-372 g daily) was associated with a 23.2% decline (95% uncertainty interval, including between-study heterogeneity: 16.4-29.4) in ischemic stroke risk; a 22.9% (13.6-31.3) decline in IHD risk; a 15.9% (1.7-28.1) decline in hemorrhagic stroke risk; a 28.5% (-0.02-51.4) decline in esophageal cancer risk; and a 26.1% (-3.6-48.3) decline in type 2 diabetes risk. We found statistically significant protective effects of vegetable consumption for ischemic stroke (three stars), IHD (two stars), hemorrhagic stroke (two stars) and esophageal cancer (two stars). Including between-study heterogeneity, we did not detect a significant association with type 2 diabetes, corresponding to a one-star rating. Although current evidence supports increased efforts and policies to promote vegetable consumption, remaining uncertainties suggest the need for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Stanaway
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlie Ashbaugh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Giannina Ferrara
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vanessa Garcia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Demewoz Haile
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiawei He
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Iannucci
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haley Lescinsky
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie C Parent
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Audrey L Serfes
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reed J D Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Y Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Noori S, Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Mirzaei K. Does the Mediterranean diet reduce the odds of diabetic nephropathy in women? A case–control study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:984622. [PMID: 36118745 PMCID: PMC9481419 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.984622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn recent decades, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes is increasing. One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN), so it is important to find a way that can delay or control the onset of DN. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and the odds of DN.MethodsThis case–control study was performed among 210 women (30–65 years) who were referred to the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were assessed. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate dietary intakes. Data from dietary intakes based on the FFQ were used to evaluate the MED score. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations.ResultsOur results showed that in the crude model with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.272; 95% CI: 0.154, 0.481; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 73%, and in model 1, after controlling for potential confounders, with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.239; 95% CI: 0.128, 0.447; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 76% compared to low adherence. Also, in model 1, significant associations were observed between high consumption of grains (OR: 0.360; 95% CI: 0.191, 0.676; P = 0.001), legumes (OR: 0.156; 95% CI: 0.083, 0.292; P = 0.001), vegetables (OR: 0.273; 95% CI: 0.149, 0.501; P = 0.001), fruits (OR: 0.179; 95% CI: 0.093, 0.347; P = 0.001), fish (OR: 0.459; 95% CI: 0.254, 0.827; P = 0.01), and reduced odds of DN (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe observed that with higher adherence to the MED, the odds of DN had reduced through mechanisms. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Khadijeh Mirzaei
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Association between Obesity and Intake of Different Food Groups among Japanese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM68). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153034. [PMID: 35893888 PMCID: PMC9331232 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the association between various food groups and obesity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 2070 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended 26 diabetes clinics throughout Japan were analyzed and were divided into obese and non-obese groups. Intakes of food groups determined by a food frequency questionnaire were compared. Odds ratios for obesity for quartiles of individual food groups were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results: Non-obese patients consumed a larger variety of food groups than obese patients, with the diets of non-obese individuals closer to the traditional Japanese diet characterized by fish, seaweed, and soybeans/soy products. Among 21 food groups, low vegetable intake and high sweets intake were the most strongly associated with obesity in both men and women. Low intake of both fruits and vegetables and the combination of high intake of sweets and low intake of fruits were associated with obesity. Conclusions: Food groups and their combinations that were strongly associated with obesity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were identified. Our findings also suggested an inverse association between the traditional Japanese diet and obesity.
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Li Y, Yatsuya H, Wang C, Uemura M, Matsunaga M, He Y, Khine M, Ota A. Dietary Patterns Derived from Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated with the 5-Year Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153019. [PMID: 35893873 PMCID: PMC9332382 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to derive dietary patterns to explain variation in a set of nutrient intakes or in the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to prospectively investigate these patterns in relation to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components during the follow-up. The study participants were comprised of 2944 government employees aged 30−59 years without MetS. RRR was applied with 38 food groups as predictors and with two sets of response variables. The first set included intake of putatively beneficial nutrients, and the first factor retained was named the Healthy Dietary Pattern (HDP). The second one included baseline WC and FBG, and the first factor was named the Unhealthy Dietary Pattern (UHDP). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals with adjustments for age, sex, total energy consumption and other potential confounders. During the 5-year median follow-up, we ascertained 374 cases of MetS. The HDP score was inversely associated with the incidence of MetS (p-trend = 0.009) and hypertension (p-trend = 0.002) and marginally significantly associated with elevated triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p-trend = 0.08). The UHDP score was linearly positively associated with the incidence of MetS and all its components (all p-trend < 0.05). Both the HDP and UHDP predicted the development of MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2476
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Japan Value, Evidence and Outcomes, Japan Drug Development and Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe 651-0086, Japan;
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Yupeng He
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Maythet Khine
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
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Raposa B, Antal E, Macharia J, Pintér M, Rozmann N, Pusztai D, Sugár M, Bánáti D. The issue of acidity and alkalinity in our diet – Facts, popular beliefs, and the reality. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several misconceptions exist about foods and nutrition. Many believe, that the human body can “acidify”, thus, an “alkaline diet” should be followed. The acid-base balance is a characteristic of a normally functioning human body. Throughout our metabolic processes, acids and substances with acidic pH are produced continuously, which, in the case of a healthy person, does not affect the pH of the human body. In those rare cases, when an overall pH imbalance evolves in the human body due to its life-threatening nature, it requires urgent medical intervention. Furthermore, it cannot be influenced by dietary interventions.
This paper highlights evidence regarding acidification and the acid-base balance, with special attention to certain food groups. Foodstuffs have different specific pH value (acid-base character), they can be acidic, alkaline, or neutral in elemental state. Beside their chemical nature, the effect they have on the human body depends on the mechanism of their metabolism, as well. Diet and ingredients have direct and indirect effects on the human body's intracellular and extracellular compartments (especially blood and urine), still they do not influence its pH significantly.
Alkaline diets were born in the absence of evidence-based information and/or the misunderstanding and wrong interpretation of the available and up-to-date scientific facts. The convictions of consumers and the promotion of the alkaline diet lack the scientific basis, so it can be harmful or even dangerous in the long run.
In summary, scientific evidence on the efficacy or prophylactic effects of an alkaline diet is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Raposa
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - E. Antal
- Tét Platform Association, Andrássy út 6., 1062 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J. Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - M. Pintér
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - N. Rozmann
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - D. Pusztai
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - M. Sugár
- Institute of Nursing Sciences, Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty út 4., 7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - D. Bánáti
- Institute of Food Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7., 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Barouti AA, Tynelius P, Lager A, Björklund A. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: results from a 20-year long prospective cohort study in Swedish men and women. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3175-3187. [PMID: 35435501 PMCID: PMC9363331 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) and the risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Swedish prospective cohort study. Methods Subjects were 6961 men and women aged 35–56 years old at baseline, participating in the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program cohort. By design, the cohort was enriched by 50% with subjects that had family history of diabetes. Anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance tests and questionnaires on lifestyle and dietary factors were carried out at baseline and two follow-up occasions. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Results During a mean follow-up time of 20 ± 4 years, 1024 subjects developed T2D and 870 prediabetes. After adjustments for confounders, the highest tertile of total FVI was associated with a lower risk of developing T2D in men (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96). There was also an inverse association between total fruit intake and prediabetes risk in men, with the HR for the highest tertile being 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–1.00). As for subtypes, higher intake of apples/pears was inversely associated with T2D risk in both sexes, whereas higher intakes of banana, cabbage and tomato were positively associated with T2D or prediabetes risk in either men or women. Conclusion We found an inverse association between higher total FVI and T2D risk and between higher fruit intake and prediabetes risk, in men but not in women. Certain fruit and vegetable subtypes showed varying results and require further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02871-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Alexandra Barouti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Björklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang Y, Li D, Qiao J, Ni Y, Liu P, Huang D, Huo J. Structure, degree of polymerization, and starch hydrolase inhibition activities of bird cherry (Prunus padus) proanthocyanidins. Food Chem 2022; 385:132588. [PMID: 35303652 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structure of proanthocyanidins extracted from bird cherry fruits was characterized by HPLC-ESI/MS2 and MALDI-TOF/MS analyses, and their subunits and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) were investigated by thiolysis reaction, and the inhibition activity against starch hydrolases measured using the high-throughput turbidity assay. This is the first mass spectrometric analysis to thoroughly investigate the structure and mDP of proanthocyanidins in bird cherry fruits. Bird cherry proanthocyanidins were categorized as oligomeric proanthocyanidins (mDP = 5.6), which constituted of (epi)gallocatechins and (epi)catechins. The proanthocyanidins increased from a (epi)gallocatechin-[(epi)catechin]3 tetramer to a (epi)gallocatechin-[(epi)catechin]11 dodecamer through the addition of one (epi)catechin with both A-type and B-type linkages. The proanthocyanidins had potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities with IC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 0.18 ± 0.006 µg/mL, comparing favorably to commercial drug acarbose. Bird cherry oligomeric proanthocyanidins are a promising starch hydrolase inhibitor for the application of potential functional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Dalong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yana Ni
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pei Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Junwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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