1
|
Gou H, Liu L, Sun X. Causal effects of childhood obesity on neuroticism and subjective well-being: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:110-115. [PMID: 38479511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is linked to both neuroticism and subjective wellbeing (SWB); however, the causal relations between them remain unclear. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to determine the causal effects of childhood BMI (n = 39,620) on neuroticism (n = 366,301) and SWB (n = 298,420) using summary statistics from large scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches were used to estimate the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses including the Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used to assess potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Two-step MR mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediation effects of neuroticism on the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB. RESULTS Our study revealed that genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was causally associated with increased neuroticism (beta = 0.045, 95%CI = 0.013,0.077, p = 6.066e-03) and reduced SWB (beta = -0.059, 95%CI = -0.093,-0.024, p = 9.585e-04). Sensitivity analyses didn't detect any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy (all p > 0.05). Additionally, the two-step MR mediation analysis indicated that the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB was partially mediated by neuroticism (proportion of mediation effects in total effects: 21.3 %, 95%CI: 5.4 % to 37.2, p = 0.0088). CONCLUSION Genetically proxy for higher childhood BMI was associated with increased neuroticism and reduced SWB. Further studies were warranted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential use of weight management for improving personality and SWB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangjuan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Magenes VC, Baldassarre P, Grazi R, Loiodice M, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368283. [PMID: 38523835 PMCID: PMC10957686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent major health problems due to their high prevalence and morbidity rates. Numerous evidences elucidated the connections between dietary habits and the incidence or severity of depression. This overview aims to investigate the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression with the objective of elaborating preventive strategies for childhood obesity. Literature data recognized that there is a link between mood and food choices, with certain foods selected for their impact on the brain's reward centers. This behavior parallels the one observed in substance addiction, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for food addiction that contributes to overeating and obesity. It is important to note the significant correlation between obesity and depression, indicating a shared biological pathway influencing these conditions. Stress substantially affects also eating behaviors, often leading to increased consumption of pleasurable and rewarding foods. This can trigger a cycle of overeating, weight gain, and psychological distress, exacerbating mood disorders and obesity. In addition, consumption of certain types of foods, especially "comfort foods" high in fat and calories, may provide temporary relief from symptoms of depression, but can lead to long-term obesity and further mental health problems. Understanding these complex interactions is critical to developing preventive strategies focusing on dietary, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Loiodice
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wójcik M, Alvarez-Pitti J, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Brzeziński M, Gabbianelli R, Herceg-Čavrak V, Wühl E, Lucas I, Radovanović D, Melk A, González Lopez-Valcarcel B, Fernández-Aranda F, Mazur A, Lurbe E, Borghi C, Drożdż D. Psychosocial and environmental risk factors of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents-a literature overview. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1268364. [PMID: 38054100 PMCID: PMC10694215 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1268364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic in the 21st century. Its treatment is challenging and often ineffective, among others due to complex, often not obvious causes. Awareness of the existence and meaning of psychosocial and environmental risk factors seems to be an essential element in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications, especially arterial hypertension. In this review, we will discuss the role of that risk factors linking obesity and increased cardiovascular disorders including the role of nutritional factors (including the role of unhealthy diet, inadequate hydration), unhealthy behaviors (e.g. smoking, alcohol and drugs, sedentary behavior, low physical activity, disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, screen exposure), unfavorable social factors (such as dysfunctional family, bullying, chronic stress, mood disorders, depression, urbanization, noise, and environmental pollution), and finally differences in cardiovascular risk in girls and boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatric Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Science, Libertas International University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elke Wühl
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragan Radovanović
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Anette Melk
- Children’s Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz González Lopez-Valcarcel
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glucose and Lipid Profiles Predict Anthropometric Changes in Drug-Naïve Adolescents Starting Treatment with Risperidone or Sertraline: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010048. [PMID: 36672556 PMCID: PMC9855642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with cardiometabolic diseases, partly due to adverse drug effects with individual risk variabilities. Risperidone and sertraline are widely used for youths. Although they may be exposed to anthropometric changes, few data about this population exist. We evaluated the correlation between several blood parameters and body changes in a very small group of drug-naïve adolescents who had started risperidone or sertraline. We examined weight, waist circumference (WC), WC/height ratio and body mass index (BMI) at baseline (T0) and after at least three months of therapy (T1), and blood glucose and lipid profiles at T0. Here, we show significant increases in several anthropometric parameters in both groups, a negative correlation between HDL and ΔWC in the risperidone group and positive correlations between insulin and ΔBMI and between HOMA-IR and ΔBMI in the sertraline group. Despite the sample size, these results are important because it is difficult to study adolescents who are long-term-compliant with psychotropic drugs. This pilot study supports the importance of future large-scale investigations to understand the metabolic risk profiles of psychotropic drugs, their individual vulnerabilities and their underlying mechanisms. Simultaneous guideline-based psychiatric and metabolic interventions should be part of daily practice.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shanaube K, Gachie T, Hoddinott G, Schaap A, Floyd S, Mainga T, Bond V, Hayes R, Fidler S, Ayles H. Depressive symptoms and HIV risk behaviours among adolescents enrolled in the HPTN071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278291. [PMID: 36454874 PMCID: PMC9714741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is a critical and neglected public health problem for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper we aim to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the association with HIV risk behaviours in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Zambia and SA. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from August-November 2017 in seven control communities of HPTN 071 (PopART) trial (a community-randomised trial of universal HIV testing and treatment), enrolling approximately 1400 eligible adolescents. HIV-status was self-reported. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), with a positive screen if adolescents scored ≥12. We fitted a logistic regression model to identify correlates of depressive symptoms with subgroup analyses among those who self-reported ever having had sex, by gender and country. RESULTS Out of 6997 households approached, 6057 (86.6%) were enumerated. 2546 adolescents were enumerated of whom 2120 (83.3%) consented to participate and were administered the SMFQ. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 584/2120 (27.6%) [95%CI: 25.7%-29.5%]. Adolescents in SA were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.79), p-value<0.0001). Female adolescents (AOR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.81), p-value<0.0001); those who reported ever having sex and being forced into sex (AOR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.23), p-value<0.001) and AOR = 1.67 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.84); p-value = 0.057 respectively) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Among 850 (40.1%) adolescents who self-reported to ever having had sex; those who used alcohol/drugs during their last sexual encounter were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.37, 3.47); p-value = 0.001), whereas those who reported using a condom were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (AOR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.00); p-value = 0.053). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents ranged from 25-30% and was associated with increased HIV-risk behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Gachie
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Albertus Schaap
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Floyd
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Bond
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hayes
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of infectious disease, Imperial College, London, Imperial College NIHR BRC, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ayles
- Zambart, Lusaka, Zambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dabravolskaj J, Marozoff S, Maximova K, Campbell S, Veugelers PJ. Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetables Intake and Common Mental Disorders in Youth: A Systematic Review. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604686. [PMID: 36204513 PMCID: PMC9530034 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent evidence suggests that adequate fruit and vegetables intake (FVI) might be associated with lower risk of common mental disorders (CMDs) in adults, but studies in youth are also beginning to emerge and are synthesized in this systematic review. Methods: Online databases were searched from inception to 30 October 2020 to locate cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies focusing on the FVI and CMDs in youth (i.e., 10–18 years old). The risk of bias of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results: Among 3,944 records identified, 12 studies (8 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 3 prospective cohort studies) were included in the final synthesis. None of the prospective cohort studies identified a statistically significant association between FVI and CMDs in youth, although inconsistent associations were reported in cross-sectional and case-control studies. Conclusion: The lack of associations between FVI and CMDs in youth, along with consistent associations in adults, might be explained by the accumulation of risk theoretical model and methodological challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dabravolskaj
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julia Dabravolskaj,
| | - Shelby Marozoff
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katerina Maximova
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Campbell
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul J. Veugelers
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richardson KA, McKibbin CL, Dabrowski BS, Punke ELA, Hartung CM. Parent Intention to Enroll in an Online Intervention to Enhance Health Behavior Change among Youth Treated with Psychotropic Medication Who Are Overweight or Obese: An Elicitation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138057. [PMID: 35805722 PMCID: PMC9266077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Youth who are prescribed psychotropic medication are disproportionally affected by overweight/obesity (OW/OB), yet few interventions have been tailored to their needs. To develop new interventions, it is important to address the needs, preferences, and intentions of target users. Qualitative methods within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework were used in this study to identify salient beliefs which may influence attitudes associated with parents’ intentions to participate in a future online intervention designed to develop behavioral health coaching skills among parents and guardians. Twenty parents and guardians of youth with OW/OB who were taking psychotropic medications, and were eligible for the study, were recruited through TurkPrime. Parents and guardians identified key salient beliefs consistent with the theory of planned behavior including behavioral beliefs (e.g., access and convenience), normative beliefs (e.g., family), and control beliefs (e.g., cost) that may influence their decision to enroll in a future, parent-oriented intervention. The results of this study suggest important salient beliefs which may be included in future research, as well as specific preferences which may be used to guide the development of a future intervention. Future work should focus on the creation of a salient belief quantitative measure and assess the relationships of these beliefs to attitudinal constructs and behaviors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dweik H, Kaur J, Jaka S, Faruki F, Shah RP, Amuk Williams OC, Chalia A, Bachu A. Cardiometabolic Comorbidity Risk in Pediatric Patients With Psychiatric Illnesses: A Case-Control Inpatient Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e26326. [PMID: 35911267 PMCID: PMC9314267 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To delineate the differences in the cardiometabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients with medical versus psychiatric illnesses and to determine the risk of association between the spectrum of cardiometabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients with a broad range of psychiatric illnesses. Methods We conducted a case-control study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS), the largest hospital database in the United States (US) and included 179,550 pediatric patients (age 10-18 years) that were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of psychiatric illness (N = 89,775) and pediatric patients that were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of medical illness (N = 89,775). We used descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to delineate the differences between pediatric inpatients with medical versus psychiatric illnesses. Results The majority of pediatric patients with psychiatric illnesses were females (58%) and white (62%), with a mean age of 15 years. Cardiometabolic comorbidities were higher in patients admitted for psychiatric illness, with a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (1.6%) and obesity (7.1%) than in those hospitalized for medical illnesses. Among all cardiometabolic comorbidities, obesity had the highest prevalence across all psychiatric illnesses, measuring eight percent in patients with disruptive behavior disorders, followed by seven percent each in anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders. Diabetes had the lowest prevalence hovering between one and two percent for a spectrum of psychiatric illnesses. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities is higher in pediatric inpatients with psychiatric illnesses. This calls for timely monitoring of the routine labs and early diagnosis and management of the cardiometabolic comorbidities in this at-risk population.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhoyroo R, Chivers P, Millar L, Bulsara C, Piggott B, Lambert M, Codde J. Life in a time of COVID: a mixed method study of the changes in lifestyle, mental and psychosocial health during and after lockdown in Western Australians. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1947. [PMID: 34702238 PMCID: PMC8547299 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Western Australian government imposed multiple restrictions that impacted daily life activities and the social life. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the community's physical, mental and psychosocial health. METHODS Approximately 2 months after a three-month lockdown, a cross-sectional study was opened to Western Australian adults for an 8-week period (25th August - 21 October 2020). Participants competed a 25-min questionnaire adapted from the Western Australia Health and Wellbeing Surveillance system. Participants provided information on their socio-demographic status, lifestyle behaviours, mental health, and psychosocial health during and post-lockdown. Open-ended questions explored key issues in greater detail. Changes between the lockdown and post-lockdown period were assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normal tests as appropriate. Sex differences were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. A content analysis approach examined responses to the open-ended questions with frequencies and variations in responses determined using Chi-Square tests. RESULTS A total of 547 complete responses were obtained. Compared to post-lockdown period, lockdown was associated with a significantly lower levels of physical activity, poorer mental well-being and sense of control over one's life, and a higher level of loneliness. Similarly, during lockdown, there was a significantly higher consumption of junk food, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks but no change in fruit and vegetable intake. Participants recalled health campaigns on hand washing and social distancing and there was a retrospective view that more timely and informative campaigns on physical activity, nutrition and mental well-being should have been available during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS While advice on infection control measures were appropriately provided, there is a need for concurrent health promotional information to help combat the changes in physical, mental and psychosocial well-being observed during quarantine to prevent negative health consequences in the community even if there are minimal effects of the pandemic itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranila Bhoyroo
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, PO Box 1225, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia. .,School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia. .,Disciplines of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Paola Chivers
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, PO Box 1225, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, PO Box 1225, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia.,School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, PO Box 1225, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia
| | - Ben Piggott
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michelle Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia.,Injury Matters, Perth, Australia
| | - Jim Codde
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, PO Box 1225, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buru K, Emeto TI, Malau-Aduli AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. Australian School Stakeholders' Perceived Strategies for Preventing Adolescent Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9387. [PMID: 34501977 PMCID: PMC8430679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity is a complex multifactorial disease with a combination of environmental, behavioral, psychosocial, biological, cultural and genetic determinants. It remains a global public health issue that presents a major challenge to chronic disease prevention and health into adulthood. Schools have a rich opportunity to improve youth health and tackle obesity, yet they face barriers in fulfilling this function. This study investigated school stakeholders' beliefs and perceptions of the barriers and enablers currently experienced by schools, as well as their recommendations towards preventing adolescent obesity. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design was utilised with surveys administered for the quantitative phase and individual interviews for the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analyses were utilised for the survey and interview data, respectively. Triangulation of findings from the quantitative and qualitative phases aided in the better understanding and integration of the overall results. In total, 60 school stakeholders (52 subject teachers, 3 senior teachers and 5 heads of department) from both independent and public high schools in Queensland, Australia responded to the survey, while 14 respondents participated in the interviews. The main perceived causes of obesity were poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. Highlighted barriers were busy timetables, shortage of trained staff and funding, lack of robustness in the introduction and implementation of school interventions and insufficient motivation of learners to participate in obesity prevention programs. Enabling factors included parental support, easy access to fitness equipment during recess, supportive government policies, provision of healthier school tuck shop menu options and elimination of sugary drinks from vending machines. A model for the prevention of adolescent obesity was developed based on participants' perceptions. Tripartite collaboration between the school, government and parents was perceived as fundamental to preventing adolescent obesity. Strategies targeting nutrition, physical activity and overall health, including parental education on health, formal health talks in schools by health professionals and better-targeted advertisement encouraging healthy lifestyle choices, were identified as essential for improved adolescent health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kakale Buru
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kleppang AL, Haugland SH, Bakken A, Stea TH. Lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:816. [PMID: 33910539 PMCID: PMC8082771 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study’s purpose was to examine the association between a broad range of lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents. Methods This study was based on national, self-reported, cross-sectional data from the Ungdata Surveys, conducted in 2017–2019. The target group comprised 244,250 adolescents (ages 13–19). Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between lifestyle habits (physical activity, social media use, gaming, dietary habits, smoking, smokeless tobacco, alcohol intoxication) and depressive symptoms. The outcome measure was defined as a high level of depressive symptoms (≥80th percentile). Separate analyses were performed for boys and girls, and all models were adjusted for perceived family economy, parental higher education and age. Results The odds of having depressive symptoms were significantly lower among those who reported being physically active at least 3 times per week (OR; boys: 0.81, girls: 0.83), used social media ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.65, girls: 0.70), engaged in gaming ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.72, girls: 0.77), were non-smokers (OR; boys: 0.74, girls: 0.72) and had not experienced alcohol intoxication during the previous 12 months (OR; boys: 0.66, girls: 0.67). Furthermore, the results indicated a significant inverse association between depressive symptoms and high consumption of a range of healthy food items and low consumption of unhealthy food and beverages among girls. Similar tendencies were found among boys (OR; 0.77–0.91). Finally, higher adherence to healthy lifestyle habits was associated significantly with lower odds of having depressive symptoms among both genders (OR; boys: 0.40, girls: 0.52). Conclusions A healthier lifestyle was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms. Additional research is needed to confirm a possible causal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Postboks 422 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Siri Håvås Haugland
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- NOVA-Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Holte Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Postboks 422 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescence Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buru K, Emeto TI, Malau-Aduli AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. The Efficacy of School-Based Interventions in Preventing Adolescent Obesity in Australia. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040514. [PMID: 33255635 PMCID: PMC7711488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends suggest that adolescent obesity is an on-going and recurrent decimal that is still on the rise in Australia and the social burden associated with it can significantly cause low self-esteem and lack of confidence in personal body image in adulthood. Nonetheless, evidence-based prevention programs are not widely implemented in schools, even though they are commonplace for easy access to adolescents. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the scope and efficacy of adolescent obesity intervention strategies in Australian schools, to guide future research. Seven electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed school-based intervention articles written in the English language and targeting 12-18-year-old adolescents. Intervention characteristics were extracted, and quality, efficacy and outcome measures were assessed utilizing thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most of the Australian adolescent obesity research emanated from the State of New South Wales and none were nationwide. Five studies successfully met all the requirements in all measured outcomes, four met at least one measured outcome and the remaining four were unsuccessful. Despite the weak evidence of intervention efficacy for most of the reviewed studies, school-based interventions with multi-component combinations of physical activity, nutrition and alignment to a theory yielded promising results. Our findings point to the need for future research to assess the perceptions of school stakeholders in relation to the barriers and enablers to establishing school-based prevention and intervention programs for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kakale Buru
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Theophilus I. Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (T.I.E.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (T.I.E.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-4781-4418
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Männikkö N, Ruotsalainen H, Miettunen J, Kääriäinen M. Associations between Childhood and Adolescent Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics and Screen Time of Adolescents. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:700-712. [PMID: 32401571 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1725195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The correlations between emotional and behavioral problems and increased screen time among young people has been highlighted in the literature. This study examined both longitudinal and cross-directional associations between the degree of childhood and adolescent emotional and behavioral problem characteristics and a higher level of daily screen time in adolescence using an extensive population study. Questionnaires providing data on a representative cohort sample (the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study, NFBC 1986; n = 6479; 3101 males) were completed at birth, in childhood, and in adolescence. Male gender, and self-reported behavioral issues (such as a higher degree of hyperactivity/distractibility problems at the beginning of formal schooling and adolescent rule-breaking problems), predicted higher daily screen time in adolescence, after controlling for confounding factors. Higher levels of anxious-depression symptoms among adolescents were inversely related to them having elevated daily digital screen time. Individual behavioral tendencies at the start of formal schooling and later in adolescence may predict higher screen time among young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Männikkö
- Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Ruotsalainen
- Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Vuuren CL, Wachter GG, Veenstra R, Rijnhart JJM, van der Wal MF, Chinapaw MJM, Busch V. Associations between overweight and mental health problems among adolescents, and the mediating role of victimization. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:612. [PMID: 31113424 PMCID: PMC6528281 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence has not been conclusive on whether adolescent overweight is associated with mental health, possibly caused by indirect, yet untested associations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between overweight or obesity and mental health problems among adolescents, and to determine whether victimization plays a mediating role in these associations. Methods Self-reported data on mental health and victimization and objectively measured Body Mass Index data were used, using three cohorts (2010–2011 until 2012–2013) and an interval between the measurement waves of two years later. We performed a multi-level mediation analysis with a two-level structure to incorporate the clustering of the measurements within individuals. The study population consisted of 13,740 secondary school students, 13–14 years old at the first measurement moment, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Results Compared to their normal-weight peers, adolescents with overweight or obesity reported psychosocial problems and suicidal thoughts more often. Victimization was a significant mediator in the relationship between having overweight, and psychosocial problems (indirect effect OR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.5, 3.7 and direct effect OR: 1.4; 95% CI 1.2, 1.7) or suicidal thoughts (indirect effect OR: 2.1; 95% CI 1.4, 3.2 and direct effect OR: 1.3; 95% CI 1.1, 1.5). The associations between obesity, and psychosocial problems (indirect OR: 6.2; 95% CI 2.8, 14.7 and direct effect OR: 1.4; 95% CI 1.0, 2.0), or suicidal thoughts (indirect OR: 4.5; 95% CI 2.3, 9.1 and direct effect OR: 1.5; 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) were even stronger. Conclusions Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with mental health problems in adolescents, and victimization played a mediating role in this association. Victimization and mental health should be integrated into prevention programs that address healthy weight development. Moreover, overweight should be given more attention in programs to prevent victimization and promote adolescent mental health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6832-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Leontine van Vuuren
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Healthcare Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. BOX 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gusta G Wachter
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Healthcare Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith J M Rijnhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel F van der Wal
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Healthcare Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. BOX 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Busch
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Healthcare Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sánchez C, Estévez-López F, Muñoz NE, Mora-Gonzalez J, Migueles JH, Molina-García P, Henriksson H, Mena-Molina A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Catena A, Löf M, Erickson KI, Lubans DR, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Mental Health of Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2019; 49:1383-1410. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
16
|
Huang P, O'Keeffe M, Elia C, Karamanos A, Goff LM, Maynard M, Cruickshank JK, Harding S. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health across adolescence: evidence from a diverse urban British cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 30736801 PMCID: PMC6368762 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and mental health in adolescence is sparse and inconsistent. Social determinants of FV include ethnicity, family environments and economic disadvantage. We investigated the relationship between FV and mental health in the British multi-ethnic Determinants of Adolescents (now young Adult) Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study. METHODS A longitudinal study of 4683 adolescents living in London at age 11-13 years and followed up at 14-16 years. FV was measured using validated questions on the number of portions consumed daily. Mental health was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as mean Total Difficulties Score (TDS) and by classification as a 'probable clinical case' (TDS > 17). Social measures included ethnicity, parenting and socioeconomic circumstances. Multilevel modelling was used to investigate the association between FV and mental health throughout adolescence. RESULTS Low FV was common among adolescents, with approximately 60-70% of adolescents reporting < 5 portions/day and 20-30% reporting < 1 portion/day. In late adolescence, most ethnic minority groups reported lower FV than their White peers. In fully adjusted models, < 1 portion/day remained a significant correlate with mean TDS (Coef: 0.55, 0.29-0.81, P < 0.001) and TDS > 17 (Odds Ratio: 1.43, 1.11-1.85, P = 0.007). Gender- or ethnic-specific effects were not observed. Low parental care partly attenuated the association between FV and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Low FV is a longitudinal correlate of poor mental health across adolescence. A focus on FV in parenting interventions could yield interrelated benefits across developmental outcomes given its importance to both physical and socioemotional health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Huang
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Majella O'Keeffe
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Christelle Elia
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Alexis Karamanos
- Department Epidemiology and Health, ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Louise M Goff
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Maynard
- School of Clinical & Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, CL 1014 Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - J Kennedy Cruickshank
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK. .,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Addison House, Guy's, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review synthesized recent research related to obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders, with a focus on epidemiology, mechanisms, and weight management approaches. The paper reviews literature on depressive and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Depression has a bidirectional relationship with obesity. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and their treatments, increase the risk of developing obesity. Mechanisms underlying this weight gain include lifestyle and environmental factors and psychiatric medications, though emerging evidence has also suggested the role of genetic and neuroendocrine processes. Evidence about the most effective treatments for obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders remains limited. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at high risk for obesity. Close monitoring for increases in weight and cardiometabolic risk factors with use of antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medications is recommended. Clinical trials are needed that test the efficacy of weight management strategies for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences;,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Robert I. Berkowitz
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry;,Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reciprocal Relationships between Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Screen Media Use during Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2453-2467. [PMID: 30046970 PMCID: PMC6208639 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are constantly connected with each other and the digital landscape through a myriad of screen media devices. Unprecedented access to the wider world and hence a variety of activities, particularly since the introduction of mobile technology, has given rise to questions regarding the impact of this changing media environment on the mental health of young people. Depressive symptoms are one of the most common disabling health issues in adolescence and although research has examined associations between screen use and symptoms of depression, longitudinal investigations are rare and fewer still consider trajectories of change in symptoms. Given the plethora of devices and normalisation of their use, understanding potential longitudinal associations with mental health is crucial. A sample of 1,749 (47% female) adolescents (10-17 years) participated in six waves of data collection over two years. Symptoms of depression, time spent on screens, and on separate screen activities (social networking, gaming, web browsing, TV/passive) were self-reported. Latent growth curve modelling revealed three trajectories of depressive symptoms (low-stable, high-decreasing, and low-increasing) and there were important differences across these groups on screen use. Some small, positive associations were evident between depressive symptoms and later screen use, and between screen use and later depressive symptoms. However, a Random Intercept Cross Lagged Panel Model revealed no consistent support for a longitudinal association. The study highlights the importance of considering differential trajectories of depressive symptoms and specific forms of screen activity to understand these relationships.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferrari M, Yap K, Scott N, Einstein DA, Ciarrochi J. Self-compassion moderates the perfectionism and depression link in both adolescence and adulthood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192022. [PMID: 29466452 PMCID: PMC5821438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological practitioners often seek to directly change the form or frequency of clients’ maladaptive perfectionist thoughts, because such thoughts predict future depression. Indirect strategies, such as self-compassion interventions, that seek to change clients’ relationships to difficult thoughts, rather than trying to change the thoughts directly could be just as effective. This study aimed to investigate whether self-compassion moderated, or weakened, the relationship between high perfectionism and high depression symptoms in both adolescence and adulthood. Methods The present study utilised anonymous self-report questionnaires to assess maladaptive perfectionism, depression, and self-compassion across two samples covering much of the lifespan. Questionnaires were administered in a high school setting for the adolescent sample (Study 1, Mage = 14.1 years, n = 541), and advertised through university and widely online to attract a convenience sample of adults (Study 2, Mage = 25.22 years, n = 515). Results Moderation analyses revealed that self-compassion reduced the strength of relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depression in our adolescent Study 1 (β = -.15, p < .001, R2 = .021.) and our adult study 2 (β = -.14, p < .001, R2 = .020). Limitations Cross-sectional self-reported data restricts the application of causal conclusions and also relies on accurate self-awareness and willingness to respond to questionnaire openly. Conclusions The replication of this finding in two samples and across different age-appropriate measures suggests that self-compassion does moderate the link between perfectionism and depression. Self-compassion interventions may be a useful way to undermine the effects of maladaptive perfectionism, but future experimental or intervention research is needed to fully assess this important possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ferrari
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Keong Yap
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Scott
- School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle A. Einstein
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoare E, Dash SR, Varsamis P, Jennings GL, Kingwell BA. Fasting Plasma Glucose, Self-Appraised Diet Quality and Depressive Symptoms: A US-Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121330. [PMID: 29215576 PMCID: PMC5748780 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute significantly to global burden of disease and often co-occur. Underpinning type 2 diabetes is poor glycaemic control and glucose is also an obligatory substrate for brain metabolism, with potential implications for cognition, motivation and mood. This research aimed to examine the relationships between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms in a large, population representative sample of US adults, controlling for other demographic and lifestyle behavioural risk factors. Using the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, this study first investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and mental disorders at a population-level, accounting for demographic, health behavioural and weight-related factors known to co-occur with both type 2 diabetes and mental disorders. Depressive symptoms were derived from the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose was obtained through medical examination and demographic (age, household income, sex) and health characteristics (perceived diet quality, daily time sedentary) were self-reported. Body mass index was calculated from objectively measured height and weight. In the univariate model, higher fasting plasma glucose was associated with greater depressive symptoms among females (b = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43, p < 0.05), but not males. In the final fully adjusted model, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms was non-significant for both males and females. Of all independent variables, self-appraised diet quality was strongly and significantly associated with depressive symptoms and this remained significant when individuals with diabetes were excluded. Although diet quality was self-reported based on individuals’ perceptions, these findings are consistent with a role for poor diet in the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Sarah R Dash
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Pia Varsamis
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Garry L Jennings
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoare E, Milton K, Foster C, Allender S. Depression, psychological distress and Internet use among community-based Australian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:365. [PMID: 28449667 PMCID: PMC5406913 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been rapid increase in time spent using Internet as a platform for entertainment, socialising and information sourcing. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between duration of time spent using Internet for leisure, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress among Australian adolescents. Methods Depressive symptoms were indicated by the youth self-report module from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version IV criteria, and psychological distress was measured by Kessler Psychological Distress scale. Internet use was self-reported based on use on an average weekday, and an average weekend day. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between Internet use and mental health outcomes. Models were adjusted for potential confounders: age; relative level of socio-economic disadvantage, and body mass index. Results Adolescents were aged 11–17 years (M = 14.5 years, SD = 2.04 years). Greatest time spent using internet (≥7 h a day) was significantly associated with experiencing depressive symptoms among females (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.16, 3.76, p < 0.05), and high/very high levels of psychological distress for male (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.36, 3.65, p < 0.01) and female (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.55, 3.67, p < 0.01) adolescents. Conclusions With current initiatives to improve health behaviours among adolescents to improve physical health outcomes such as overweight or obesity, it is imperative that the reciprocal relationship with mental health is known and included in such public health developments. Internet use may interact with mental health and therefore could be a modifiable risk factor to reach and improve mental health outcomes for this age group. Caution is advised in interpretation of findings, with some inconsistencies emerging from this evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, 3220, Australia. .,Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karen Milton
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Foster
- British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Allender
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, 3220, Australia.,Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|