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Leal WE, Iesue L, Moscrop-Blake K, Regalado J, Timmer A, González J. The Mediating Role of Problematic Alcohol Consumption on the Association Between Pandemic-Related Strains and Domestic Violence Across Six Countries. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241271389. [PMID: 39189055 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241271389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Research has documented that domestic violence increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have also suggested that alcohol use, which also increased during COVID-19, is a risk factor for domestic violence victimization. However, research has yet to examine whether alcohol consumption mediated the relationship between pandemic-related stressful events and domestic violence. Using structural equation modeling, the current study examines the impact of three types of pandemic-related strains (financial problems, familial problems, and work problems) on individual assessments about whether their drinking became problematic during the pandemic and then whether problematic alcohol use increases the risk of psychological and physical domestic violence. This model was analyzed across six countries: Ukraine, The Netherlands, Pakistan, Denmark, Guatemala, and the United States. Results indicate that the associations between pandemic-related strains and self-assessed problematic drinking varied by country. However, across all countries, problematic alcohol consumption was associated with increased physical and psychological domestic violence victimization. Overall, the findings of the current study support the use of programs that aim to reduce problematic consumption of alcohol with the hopes that they may, in turn, reduce psychological and physical domestic violence victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda E Leal
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Laura Iesue
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Ou C, Corby K, Booth K, Ou HH. Parental Patterns of Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. Interact J Med Res 2024; 13:e48339. [PMID: 39186759 PMCID: PMC11384174 DOI: 10.2196/48339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic led to public health restrictions that impacted the lives of people across the globe. Parents were particularly burdened with balancing multiple responsibilities, such as working from home while caring for and educating their children. Alcohol use among parents is an area that warrants further exploration. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate patterns of parental alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on relative changes in the frequency and quantity of alcohol use compared to prepandemic use, nonparent adult samples, or both. METHODS A scoping review informed by the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley explored patterns of parental alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Searches were conducted in CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms were created using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework of Population, Concept, and Context, with the population being parents and the concept being alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The database search yielded 3568 articles, which were screened for eligibility. Of the 3568 articles, 40 (1.12%) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review. Findings indicated the following: (1) having children at home was a factor associated with parental patterns of alcohol use; (2) mixed findings regarding gender-related patterns of alcohol consumption; and (3) linkages between parental patterns of alcohol use and mental health symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review revealed heterogeneous patterns in parental alcohol use across sociocultural contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the known harms of alcohol use, it is worthwhile for clinicians to assess parental drinking patterns and initiate conversations regarding moderation in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ou
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Corby
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kelsey Booth
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hui-Hui Ou
- Library Services, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
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Verheij C, Alexandrov N, Lubetkin EI, Bonsel GJ, Yfantopoulos JN, Janssen MF, Schuit SCE, Polinder S, Rood PPM, Haagsma JA. The Frequency and Predictive Factors of Change in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Multi-Country Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2591. [PMID: 39203728 PMCID: PMC11357368 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had multiple health and behavioral effects in the general population worldwide, including effects on nutritional and lifestyle behavior such as alcohol consumption. This study aimed to determine the frequency of and predictors for change in alcohol consumption two years after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among participants from the general population of six countries. METHODS Longitudinal study design with 4999 participants (47% male; aged 18-75 years) from a general population cohort from six countries: Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (US). MEASUREMENTS Three web-based surveys at different time waves: T1 = 22 April-1 June 2020; T2 = 2 May-29 June 2021 and T3 = 29 April-25 June 2022. The surveys included questions on self-reported retrospective alcohol consumption, demographics, health, anxiety and depression symptoms and recent life events. RESULTS Of 4999 respondents, most (82.3%) reported no change in drinking habits during the pandemic, whereas 12.5% reported drinking less and 5.1% drinking more. Predictive factors for increased alcohol consumption include age 35-54 years, male gender, high educational level, moderate-severe depression symptoms, excessive drinking before the COVID-19 pandemic, no change in general health status and job loss. Predictive factors for decreased alcohol consumption were age 18-34 years, male gender, having chronic disease(s), moderate-severe depression symptoms, excessive drinking before the pandemic and job loss. CONCLUSION The proportion of participants who reported a decrease in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher compared to those who reported an increase. Excessive drinking before the pandemic, depression symptoms and job loss were predictors for both drinking more and drinking less alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic with an stronger association for an increase in alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Verheij
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.R.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Nadja Alexandrov
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica I. Lubetkin
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Gouke J. Bonsel
- EuroQol Research Foundation, 3068 AV Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - John N. Yfantopoulos
- MBA-Health Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Mathieu F. Janssen
- Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephanie C. E. Schuit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Board of Directors, University Medical Center Groningen, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Polinder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pleunie P. M. Rood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.R.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Juanita A. Haagsma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (P.P.M.R.); (J.A.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hack RL, Aigner M, Musalek M, Crevenna R, Konicar L. Brain regulation training improves emotional competences in patients with alcohol use disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae048. [PMID: 38915188 PMCID: PMC11297497 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as the impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences and still represents one of the biggest challenges for society regarding health conditions, social consequences, and financial costs, including the high relapse rates after traditional alcohol rehabilitation treatment. Especially, the deficient emotional competence in AUD is said to play a key role in the development of AUD and hinders the interruption of substance compulsion, often leading to a viscous circle of relapse. Although the empirical evidence of a neurophysiological basis of AUD is solid and increases even further, clinical interventions based on neurophysiology are still rare for individuals with AUD. This randomized controlled trial investigates changes in emotional competences, alcohol-related cognitions, and drinking behavior before and after an established alcohol rehabilitation treatment (control group: nCG = 29) compared to before and after an optimized, add-on neurofeedback (NF) training (experimental group: nEG = 27). Improvements on the clinical-psychological level, i.e. increases in emotional competences as well as life satisfaction, were found after the experimental electroencephalography (EEG) NF training. Neurophysiological measurements via resting-state EEG indicate decreases in low beta frequency band, while alpha and theta bands remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona L Hack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Anton-Proksch-Institute, Vienna, Vienna 1230, Austria
| | - Martin Aigner
- Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | | | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lilian Konicar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Tower S, Banaag A, Adams RS, Janvrin ML, Koehlmoos TP. Analysis of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder Trends in U.S. Active-Duty Service Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38682265 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol use (AU) and disorders (AUDs) have been increasing among women over the past decade, with the largest increases among women of child-bearing age. Unprecedented stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted AU for women with and without children. Little is known about how these trends are impacting women in the military. Methods: Cross-sectional study of active-duty service women (ADSW) in the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps during fiscal years (FY) 2016-2021. We report the prevalence of AU and AUD diagnoses by FY, before/during the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2019; 2020-2021, respectively), and by parental status. Log-binomial and logistic regressions examined associations of demographics, military, and family structure characteristics, with AU and AUD, during pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 timeframes. Results: We identified 281,567 ADSW in the pre-COVID-19 period and 237,327 ADSW in the during COVID-19 period. The prevalence of AU was lower during the COVID-19 period (47.9%) than during the pre-COVID-19 period (63.0%); similarly, the prevalence of AUD was lower during the COVID-19 period (2.7%) than during the pre-COVID period (4.0%). ADSW with children had larger percentage decreases during the COVID-19 period. ADSW with children had a consistently lower prevalence and odds of AUD compared with ADSW without children in the pre- and during COVID-19 periods. Conclusion: Decreasing trends in AU and AUD among ADSW were unexpected. However, the prevalence of AU and AUD may not have been accurately captured during the COVID-19 period due to reductions in access to care. Continued postpandemic comparison of AU/AUD among women by parental status and demographic factors may guide targeted health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tower
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Banaag
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Sayko Adams
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miranda Lynn Janvrin
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sandoval-Diez N, Smit LAM, Boer JMA, de Rooij MMT, Koppelman GH, van Kersen W, Vonk JM, Vermeulen R, Gehring U, Huss A. Associations of Anti-COVID-19 Measures and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Sleep Patterns in the Netherlands: A Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:646-659. [PMID: 37981719 PMCID: PMC10999649 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is scientific evidence for an increased prevalence of sleep disorders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is still limited information on how lifestyle factors might have affected sleep patterns. Therefore, we followed a large cohort of participants in the Netherlands (n = 5,420) for up to 1 year (September 2020-2021) via monthly Web-based questionnaires to identify lifestyle changes (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, electronic device use, and social media use) driven by anti-COVID-19 measures and their potential associations with self-reported sleep (latency, duration, and quality). We used the Containment and Health Index (CHI) to assess the stringency of anti-COVID-19 measures and analyzed associations through multilevel ordinal response models. We found that more stringent anti-COVID-19 measures were associated with higher use of electronic devices (per interquartile-range increase in CHI, odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40, 1.53), less physical activity (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98), lower frequency of alcohol consumption (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.66), and longer sleep duration (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16). Lower alcohol consumption frequency and higher use of electronic devices and social media were associated with longer sleep latency. Lower physical activity levels and higher social media and electronic device use were related to poorer sleep quality and shorter sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anke Huss
- Correspondence to Dr. Anke Huss, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands (e-mail: )
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Peerenboom N, Guzman NV, Kvamme T, Ritou V, Casero V, Voon V. Developing digital interventions for a post-Covid world: A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training to reduce alcohol craving. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:264-274. [PMID: 37853915 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Harmful alcohol use is a major public health issue. In-person treatment has been hindered by the restrictions necessary during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examined the effects of an at-home smartphone-based cognitive bias modification training in heavy drinkers. Experiment 1 tested the effect of a short 20-30-min smartphone-based approach-avoidance training (AAT) on image-induced craving at a 1-day follow-up. Sixty-two participants consuming 14+ units of alcohol/week were allocated to either the training or waitlist group. Experiment 2 used an updated version of the same short AAT intervention with a sample of n = 107 participants who consumed 20+ units of alcohol/week. Training effects at 1-week follow-up were compared to an active control group. Experiment 1 showed a significant reduction in image-induced craving for the training group at 1-day follow-up. Experiment 2 found that AUDIT weekly scores were significantly reduced at 1-week follow-up for the training group, all the while craving for soft drinks remained unchanged. Experiment 1 served as a first proof of concept for the efficacy of the new smartphone-based AAT training, and experiment 2 suggested that training effects on problem alcohol use hold at 1-week follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Peerenboom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie V Guzman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo Kvamme
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Valentin Ritou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Violeta Casero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kovačić Petrović Z, Peraica T, Blažev M, Tomašić L, Kozarić-Kovačić D. Use of psychoactive substances and alcohol during the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: Croatian experience. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:91-102. [PMID: 36444870 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2145076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased prevalence and severity of both substance and behavioral addictions are among the most harmful consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. To determine the sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors, and stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms that may predict the use and changes in the use of psychoactive substances (PS) during the first three COVID-19 waves in Croatia. The cross-sectional online survey included 1,118 adult participants (220 men and 898 women; mean age: 35.1 [SD = 12.3] years; age range: 18-78) from general adult population. Sociodemographic data were collected, and ad-hoc developed questionnaires on COVID-19-related stressors, PS use before and during the pandemic, CAGE Alcohol Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were applied. The PS use increased in 31% of participants. The use of tobacco, caffeine, alcohol, cannabinoids, and anxiolytics showed the greatest increase in the last year (tobacco 7.1%; caffeine 5.8%; alcohol 6.4%; cannabinoids 2.5%; and anxiolytics 3.9%). Alcohol consumption during the pandemic increased in 16.8% of participants who consumed alcohol before the pandemic, with 4.5% of them reporting problematic alcohol use (PAU). The tested model demonstrated relatively good model-data fit and significantly predicted 11.8% increase in the use of PS and 9.8% of PAU. Being married or in a relationship and severe anxiety and depression symptoms predicted increased use of PS and PAU, while higher education level and ever being diagnosed with COVID-19 predicted only increased use of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrnka Kovačić Petrović
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Addiction, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Peraica
- Department of Psychiatry, Referral Center for Stress-related Disorders of the Ministry of Health, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirta Blažev
- Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Tomašić
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mohamed MS, Rukh G, Vadlin S, Olofsdotter S, Åslund C, Schiöth HB, Nilsson KW. Differential change in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of loneliness, socialization, and mental well-being. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1236410. [PMID: 38495906 PMCID: PMC10940434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1236410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge in mental health issues and psychological distress, disruption to work/studying conditions, and social isolation particularly among young adults. Changes in these factors are differentially associated with alcohol use. Moreover, the relationship between these factors are bidirectional and may have fluctuated throughout the different phases of the pandemic. However, studies focusing on young adults had conflicting results, short follow-up periods, and lacked comprehensive data to describe underlying mechanisms. Methods 1067 young adults participated in repetitive measures termed wave 4 (2021) of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort "SALVe" Cohort. Of these, 889 also completed pre-pandemic measurements termed wave 3 (2018). Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to evaluate alcohol consumption and harmful use. Cross-sectional associations between perceived changes in alcohol use and shift in individual, mental health, and work environment factors were examined using Chi-square tests. Logistic regression was utilized to identify pre-pandemic predictors of harmful consumption during the pandemic. Results Harmful consumption decreased only in females following the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who reported increased feelings of depression, anxiety, and loneliness were more likely to increase their alcohol use. Interestingly, the subgroup who felt less lonely and met their friends more often, as well as those who continued working/studying from their regular workplace also had an increased likelihood of higher consumption. Only pre-pandemic ADHD and delinquency symptoms predicted harmful alcohol consumption following the pandemic. Conclusion Females reduced harmful alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. While those who suffered the burden of social isolation and distress were more likely to increase their alcohol use, young adults who felt less lonely and met their friends more often also had a similar outcome. The relationship between loneliness and alcohol consumption among young adults is influenced by the social factors that may be facilitated by drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Mohamed
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Vadlin
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Susanne Olofsdotter
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Division of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Mojica-Perez Y, Livingston M, Pennay A, Callinan S. How did COVID-19 restrictions impact alcohol consumption in Australia? A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:465-474. [PMID: 38281267 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of Victoria experienced more stringent public health measures than other Australian states during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated how these public health measures impacted: (i) total alcohol consumption; (ii) location-specific consumption; and (iii) consumption among different pre-pandemic drinking groups, in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia during the first year of the pandemic. METHOD A longitudinal study with six survey waves was conducted between April and December 2020. A total of 775 adults completed data on alcohol use, including detailed consumption location information. Based on their 2019 consumption, participants were classified into low, moderate or high-risk groups. Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS There was no difference in total alcohol consumption from 2019 levels among Victorians and those from the other Australian states when Victoria was the only state in lockdown. Location-specific consumption was relatively similar for Victoria and the rest of Australia, with an increase in home drinking, and a decrease in consumption in someone else's home, licensed premises and public spaces during lockdown compared with 2019. Participants in the high-risk group reported a reduction of two standard drinks per day in November 2020 compared with 2019. In contrast, consumption remained relatively stable for participants in the low and moderate-risk groups once accounting for regression to the mean. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, restrictions on licensed premises appeared to impact high-risk drinkers more than low and moderate-risk drinkers. Reducing availability of on-premise alcohol may be an effective way to reduce consumption in heavier drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Witkowski K, Lofaro RJ, Headley AM, Contreras S, Remington CL, Ganapati NE. Understanding problematic substance use among first responders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of law enforcement, fire, and EMS workers in the United States. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 123:104261. [PMID: 38006639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First responders have experienced increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression due to job-related pressures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the factors associated with first responder drug and alcohol use during this time. METHODS We conducted a nationwide survey of first responders (n = 2801) to understand the relationship between work pressures, workplace support strategies, and problematic substance use during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed structural equation modeling to analyze whether burnout mediated these relationships. RESULTS Descriptive statistics showed that 60.8 % reported no concerns with substance use. While general workplace support strategies were negatively associated with problematic substance use, specific COVID-related strategies, such as providing compensation during quarantine, were positively associated with problematic substance use. Burnout fully mediated relationships between workplace support strategies and problematic substance use. Finally, providing spaces at work to decompress was negatively associated with problematic substance use and burnout. CONCLUSION Although work pressures increased burnout and problematic substance use among first responders, general workplace support strategies (e.g., decompression spaces) reduced problematic substance use while some COVID-related strategies (e.g. compensation during quarantine) increased problematic substance use. Policy interventions to address problematic substance use should focus on providing spaces for first responders to decompress at work, as well as implementing strategies (e.g., access to mental health services, time off) to reduce burnout. However, organizations should be mindful that not all interventions will have their intended impact and some interventions may unintentionally contribute to negative employee outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Witkowski
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Public Administration, United States.
| | - Ryan J Lofaro
- Georgia Southern University, Department of Public and Nonprofit Studies, United States
| | | | - Santina Contreras
- University of Southern California, Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Analysis, United States
| | - Christa L Remington
- University of South Florida, Department of Public Administration, United States
| | - N Emel Ganapati
- Florida International University, Department of Public Policy and Administration, United States
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Aby ES, Vogel AS, Winters AC. Intersection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease: A Review of Emerging Trends and Implications. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1164-1170. [PMID: 37758533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will provide an overview of alcohol use and alcohol associated liver disease (ALD) prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on alcohol use and ALD. Furthermore, this review will explore strategies to mitigate the growing disease burden of AUD and ALD. METHODS A search using PubMed was performed for articles on topics related to alcohol use, ALD, and COVID-19. The literature was reviewed and pertinent sources were used for this narrative review. FINDINGS In the United States (US), excessive alcohol use is the third leading cause of preventable death. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and ALD in the US had already constituted a public health crisis given the association between alcohol misuse, AUD, and ALD with significant medical, economic, and societal burdens. The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased alcohol consumption and downstream consequences, including increased prevalence of AUD, ALD, ALD-related hospitalization and death, and liver transplantation for ALD. IMPLICATIONS There is a critical need for additional, multi-pronged interventions to mitigate the mortality and morbidity linked to ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Aby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Alexander S Vogel
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Adam C Winters
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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13
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Taylor-Robinson SD, Morgan MY. COVID-19 and the Liver: A Complex and Evolving Picture. Hepat Med 2023; 15:209-220. [PMID: 37965296 PMCID: PMC10641025 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s384172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily attacks the respiratory system, other organs, such as the liver, are also affected. In this overview, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver in both healthy people and in those with pre-existing liver disease are documented; the relationship between coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccination and liver injury is examined; the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-associated liver injury is explored; and the long-term consequences of COVID-19 are delineated, both in people with and without pre-existing liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University and Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Marsha Y Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Gallegos-Jeffrey A, Barth C, Smith S, McDowell T, Janzen T, Smyser J, Bonnevie E. Examining engagement and responses to a digital binge drinking campaign for young males in Florida. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37856480 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2266038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluates Drunken Rewind, an animated digital media campaign designed to reduce binge drinking. Participants: The campaign was targeted to white males aged 18-34, who are at the highest risk of binge drinking. Methods: The intervention consisted of an animated series that merged health communications approaches with marketing strategies to disseminate health messages. Digital metrics and comments were analyzed to assess receptivity toward the intervention. Results: The series amassed over 900,000 views and 1,762 followers across four social media platforms. Viewer retention rate was between 67%-73% over three seasons; 68.3% of comments on the videos were positive. Conclusions: This study adds evidence that a digital intervention aimed at reducing binge drinking can be feasibly implemented and positively received by a population that is difficult to reach with health messaging. This approach may be useful when applied to other health issues young adults perceive to have lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sierra Smith
- The Public Good Projects, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Tyler Janzen
- The Public Good Projects, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Joe Smyser
- The Public Good Projects, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
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15
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Meyers JL, McCutcheon VV, Horne-Osipenko KA, Waters LR, Barr P, Chan G, Chorlian DB, Johnson EC, Kuo SIC, Kramer JR, Dick DM, Kuperman S, Kamarajan C, Pandey G, Singman D, de Viteri SSS, Salvatore JE, Bierut LJ, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Nurnberger J, Plaweck MH, Schuckit MA, Agrawal A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:311. [PMID: 37803048 PMCID: PMC10558437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some sources report increases in alcohol use have been observed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women. Cross-sectional studies suggest that specific COVID-19-related stressful experiences (e.g., social disconnection) may be driving such increases in the general population. Few studies have explored these topics among individuals with a history of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), an especially vulnerable population. Drawing on recent data collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; COVID-19 study N = 1651, 62% women, age range: 30-91) in conjunction with AUD history data collected on the sample since 1990, we investigated associations of COVID-19 related stressors and coping activities with changes in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic. Analyses were conducted for those without a history of AUD (N: 645) and three groups of participants with a history of AUD prior to the start of the pandemic: (1) those experiencing AUD symptoms (N: 606), (2) those in remission who were drinking (N: 231), and (3) those in remission who were abstinent (had not consumed alcohol for 5+ years; N: 169). Gender-stratified models were also examined. Exploratory analyses examined the moderating effects of 'problematic alcohol use' polygenic risk scores (PRS) and neural connectivity (i.e., posterior interhemispheric alpha EEG coherence) on associations between COVID-19 stressors and coping activities with changes in the frequency of drunkenness. Increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic were higher among those with a lifetime AUD diagnosis experiencing symptoms prior to the start of the pandemic (14% reported increased drunkenness) when compared to those without a history of AUD (5% reported increased drunkenness). Among individuals in remission from AUD prior to the start of the pandemic, rates of increased drunkenness were 10% for those who were drinking pre-pandemic and 4% for those who had previously been abstinent. Across all groups, women reported nominally greater increases in drunkenness frequency when compared with men, although only women experiencing pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported significantly greater rates of increased drunkenness since the start of the pandemic compared to men in this group (17% of women vs. 5% of men). Among those without a prior history of AUD, associations between COVID-19 risk and protective factors with increases in drunkenness frequency were not observed. Among all groups with a history of AUD (including those with AUD symptoms and those remitted from AUD), perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness. Among the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status was associated with increases in drunkenness. Gender differences in these associations were observed: among women in the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status, perceived stress, media consumption, and decreased social interactions were associated with increases in drunkenness. Among men in the remitted-drinking group, perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness, and increased relationship quality was associated with decreases in drunkenness. Exploratory analyses indicated that associations between family illness or death with increases in drunkenness and increased relationship quality with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-drinking participants with higher PRS. Associations between family illness or death, media consumption, and economic hardships with increases in drunkenness and healthy coping with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-abstinent group with lower interhemispheric alpha EEG connectivity. Our results demonstrated that only individuals with pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported greater increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those without a lifetime history of AUD. This increase was more pronounced among women than men in this group. However, COVID-19-related stressors and coping activities were associated with changes in the frequency of drunkenness among all groups of participants with a prior history of AUD, including those experiencing AUD symptoms, as well as abstinent and non-abstinent participants in remission. Perceived stress, essential worker status, media consumption, social connections (especially for women), and relationship quality (especially for men) are specific areas of focus for designing intervention and prevention strategies aimed at reducing pandemic-related alcohol misuse among this particularly vulnerable group. Interestingly, these associations were not observed for individuals without a prior history of AUD, supporting prior literature that demonstrates that widespread stressors (e.g., pandemics, terrorist attacks) disproportionately impact the mental health and alcohol use of those with a prior history of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristina A Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence R Waters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dzov Singman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plaweck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Adams RS, McKetta SC, Jager J, Stewart MT, Keyes KM. Cohort effects of women's mid-life binge drinking and alcohol use disorder symptoms in the United States: Impacts of changes in timing of parenthood. Addiction 2023; 118:1932-1941. [PMID: 37338343 PMCID: PMC10527386 DOI: 10.1111/add.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use is increasing among women in mid-life concurrently with societal changes in timing of parenthood and changing cultural norms, which may influence alcohol use. The aim of this study was to determine if age of first parenting was associated with excessive drinking [i.e. past 2-week binge drinking and past 5-year alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms] among women during mid-life in the United States and to determine if there were pronounced cohort effects influencing these relationships. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort, longitudinal study. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Data were drawn from the Monitoring the Future survey, an annual ongoing survey of high school students' substance use behaviors in the United States. Participants were women who completed the age 35 survey between 1993 and 2019, corresponding to high school senior years 1976-2002 (n = 9988). Past 2-week binge drinking and past 5-year AUD symptoms were self-reported. Age of first parenting was self-reported. FINDINGS Binge drinking and AUD symptoms were higher among women in recent than in older cohorts. Women from the 2018-19 cohort had increased odds of binge drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-2.12] and AUD symptoms (OR = 1.51, CI = 1.27-1.80) relative to women from the 1993-97 cohort. Throughout cohorts, there was an inverse association between transition to parenthood and excessive drinking outcomes (e.g. range for ORs for binge drinking among those without children compared with those who had had children between the ages of 18 and 24: 1.22-1.55). Simultaneously, there was a population shift towards delaying parenting in recent cohorts (i.e. 54% of women in the 1993-97 cohort had children before age 30 compared with 39% in the two recent cohorts), increasing the size of the group at highest risk for excessive drinking. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, subgroups of women at highest risk of excessive drinking appear to be expanding, probably supported in part by a trend towards delayed parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sayko Adams
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah C McKetta
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Jager
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Maureen T Stewart
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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da Silva LGO, de Souza TS, Silva CR, Freua FF, da Silva LBM, Juliano Y, Nali LHS, Hespanhol LC, Ribeiro AP. Exercise behavior, practice, injury, and symptoms of respiratory tract infection of 502 Brazilian adults during lockdown oscillations in two years (2021-2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:94. [PMID: 37528434 PMCID: PMC10394914 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the period between 2020 and 2023, during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, many countries released their restriction measures so that individuals were able to begin practicing physical exercises and outdoor sports again. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the physical exercise behavior, symptoms of respiratory tract infection, and training practice, as well as aspects of pain and injuries in the lower limbs of adults during periods of lockdown oscillations in the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 502 adults were evaluated during two consecutive years of the COVID-19 pandemic, corresponding to the years 2021 and 2022. A virtual questionnaire was applied using the Google Forms platform through a link, or a Quick Response Code available in social media environments. The variables collected were: anthropometric characteristics, presence of comorbidities, clinical history for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and behavior related to physical exercise practices, divided into five topics: (1) physical exercise habits; (2) symptoms and health care utilization; (3) habit of practicing physical exercise in relation to the prevention of COVID-19; (4) preventive measures for COVID-19; and (5) feelings and reasons for practicing exercises. RESULTS A total 79.0% of the participants returned to the practice of physical exercise after a period of social isolation due to COVID-19, with running (30.0%) and muscle strength training (50.0%) being the most prevalent modalities, in which 62.0% of practitioners carried out the activity individually, without any professional or technical monitoring. With regard to physical preparation, 61.0% reported performing pre-training stretching, 64.0% associated with muscular resistance training. Of these, 89% did not report current injuries or pain symptoms when returning to exercise (69.0%). Total of 60.5% reported experiencing respiratory tract symptoms of COVID-19 and seeking a consultation with a doctor, and 61.0% performed diagnostic test, with RT-PCR (Real time-polymerase chain reaction) being the most common test. Of those tested, 55.0% were positive for COVID-19, without the need for hospitalization (95.0%). The most commonly used measures for the prevention of COVID-19 were the fabric or surgical mask. The predominant feeling in the pandemic was anxiety (50.5%) and the reasons for practicing sports were: physical conditioning (30.9%), a feeling of pleasure (21.3%), and weight loss (20.3%). CONCLUSION After two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2022), with periods of lockdown, there were low reports of injuries and pain symptoms after exercising on the return to physical exercise practices of running and strength training. However, the restrictions negatively affected the exercise behavior due to respiratory tract symptoms of COVID-19 and a reduction in training intensity, performed without any professional or technical supervision. The participants reported the use of a fabric or surgical mask for the prevention of COVID-19, and an increased feeling of anxiety. The reasons given for practicing physical exercise were physical conditioning, a feeling of pleasure, and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Guilherme Oliveira da Silva
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Silva de Souza
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Réquia Silva
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Figueiredo Freua
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barqueiro Medeiro da Silva
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Silva Nali
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Hespanhol
- Physical Therapy Post-Graduate Department, University City of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, R. Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, Campus I, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil.
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Polizzi CP, McDonald CW, Sleight FG, Lynn SJ. Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:316-326. [PMID: 37791081 PMCID: PMC10544248 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Polizzi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Ruyak SL, Roberts MH, Chambers S, Ma X, DiDomenico J, De La Garza R, Bakhireva LN. Impulsivity and Alcohol Use during Pregnancy and Postpartum: Insights from Novel Methodological Approaches within the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:600. [PMID: 37504047 PMCID: PMC10376597 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired emotion regulation and impulsivity have been linked to substance use. This study evaluated the association between emotion regulation difficulties-specifically impulsivity-and substance use within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant (n = 49) and postpartum (n = 20) women. Participants from a prospective cohort ENRICH-2 completed a baseline phone survey of COVID-19-related experiences and impulsivity followed by a 14-day (3x/day) mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) of impulsivity and substance use. Between-subject (BS) and within-subject (WS) associations for baseline impulsivity and momentary impulsivity with respect to substance use were examined using mixed effects models. At the BS level, momentary impulsivity scores that were higher than the overall group average were positively associated with subsequent momentary reports of marijuana use (β = 1.25; p = 0.04) when controlling for pregnancy status and COVID-19-related stress. At the WS level, momentary impulsivity scores that were higher than an individual's average score were positively associated with subsequent reports of momentary alcohol use (β = 0.08; p = 0.04). This research supports the idea that impulsivity varies based on individual situations, such as stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be an important correlate of substance use in pregnant and postpartum women. Future research might consider investigation of additional factors, which may serve to moderate or mediate the relationship between impulsivity and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Ruyak
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Melissa H Roberts
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xingya Ma
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jared DiDomenico
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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20
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Pachi A, Kavourgia E, Bratis D, Fytsilis K, Papageorgiou SM, Lekka D, Sikaras C, Tselebis A. Anger and Aggression in Relation to Psychological Resilience and Alcohol Abuse among Health Professionals during the First Pandemic Wave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2031. [PMID: 37510472 PMCID: PMC10378977 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems, behavior changes, and addictive issues have been consistently documented among healthcare workers during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of anger and aggression in relation to psychological resilience and alcohol abuse among healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 120 physicians and 123 nurses completed an online survey of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5), the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Alcohol Screening questionnaire CAGE which is an acronym for the focus of the questions (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers). Demographic and professional data were also recorded. A total of 53 men and 190 women participated in the study. Almost one-third of the participants had a positive score on the DAR-5 scale and one out of ten respondents presented with current problematic alcohol use. Male participants demonstrated lower scores on the DAR-5 scale compared to females. Individuals with current problematic alcohol use displayed higher scores on the BAQ compared to those without alcohol use disorders. Regression analysis revealed that 16.4% of the variance in the BAQ scores can be attributed to scores on the DAR-5, 5.9% to the BRS scores, 2.1% to the CAGE scores, 1.7% to gender, and 1.2% to years of work experience. Mediation analysis highlighted the role of psychological resilience as a negative mediator in the DAR-5 and BAQ relationship. Professional experience and alcohol abuse emerged as positive and negative risk factors contributing to aggression and psychological resilience. The findings hold practical implications for implementing interventions to strengthen resilience in order to compensate for aggressive tendencies and discourage addictive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Pachi
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Evgenia Kavourgia
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dionisios Bratis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Konstantinos Fytsilis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Styliani Maria Papageorgiou
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dimitra Lekka
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Christos Sikaras
- Nursing Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tselebis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
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Kyei-Arthur F, Kyei-Gyamfi S. Alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviors among fishers in Elmina in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1328. [PMID: 37434125 PMCID: PMC10337065 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is part of human social behavior and constitutes a routine part of social life in many countries. Prior studies have found over-indulgence of fishers in alcohol in fishing communities. The study uses the Alcohol Myopia Theory (AMT) to analyze and explain the phenomena of fishers engaging in sex after alcohol consumption, and condom use with sexual partner(s) after alcohol consumption. The study investigated alcohol consumption, predictors of alcohol consumption, and the reasons for drinking alcohol among fishers. It also examined fishers' engagement in sex after alcohol consumption, the use of condoms with sexual partners after drinking alcohol, and predictors of the use of condoms with sexual partners after drinking alcohol. METHODS A cross-sectional convergent parallel mixed-method design was used to study 385 fishers in Elmina. Also, two focus group discussions were conducted among male and female fishers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. RESULTS Generally, 59.2% of participants indulged in alcohol consumption. Most male participants (70.6%) indulged in alcohol consumption than female participants (48.5%). Also, 48.5% of participants indulged in binge alcohol consumption, while 38.1% indulged in moderate alcohol consumption. The predictors of alcohol consumption were sex, religion, and type of fishing occupation. Participants identified consuming alcohol to kill loneliness and boredom, to forget family and work-related issues, and to have fun as reasons why fishers consume alcohol. Sixty-four percent of participants have ever engaged in sexual intercourse after consuming alcohol in the past 12 months. However, 70% of participants did not use a condom the last time they had sex after drinking alcohol. Only ethnicity of participants predicted their use of a condom the last time they had sex after drinking alcohol. The primary reasons for the non-use of condoms were do not like using condoms (37.9%), forgetting to use a condom (33.0%), and had sex with a trusted regular partner (15.5%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that alcohol consumption was prevalent among fishers, especially among male fishers, which contributes to risky sexual behaviors among them as espoused by the AMT. It is recommended that fishers are targeted for alcohol use and risky sexual behavior programs and interventions since alcohol use is prevalent among them and most of them also engage in unprotected sexual intercourse after consuming alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.
| | - Sylvester Kyei-Gyamfi
- Department of Children, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Accra, Ghana
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Ruyak S, Roberts MH, Chambers S, Ma X, DiDomenico J, De La Garza R, Bakhireva LN. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use patterns and physiological dysregulation in pregnant and postpartum women. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1088-1099. [PMID: 37526587 PMCID: PMC10394275 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased stress levels and higher alcohol use, including in pregnant and postpartum women. In the general population, alcohol use is associated with dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize changes in substance use during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic via a baseline self-report survey followed by mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) of substance use; and (2) examine the associations between momentary substance use and ambulatory HRV measures in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS Pregnant and postpartum women were identified from the ENRICH-2 prospective cohort study. Participants were administered a baseline structured phone interview that included the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences (COPE) survey and ascertained the prevalence of substance use. Over a 14-day period, momentary substance use was assessed three times daily, and HRV measurements were captured via wearable electronics. Associations between momentary substance use and HRV measures (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] and low frequency/high frequency [LF/HF] ratio) were examined using a mixed effects model that included within-subject (WS) and between-subject (BS) effects and adjusted for pregnancy status and participant age. RESULTS The sample included 49 pregnant and 22 postpartum women. From a combination of a baseline and 14-day mEMA surveys, 21.2% reported alcohol use, 16.9% reported marijuana use, and 8.5% reported nicotine use. WS effects for momentary alcohol use were associated with the RMSSD (β = -0.14; p = 0.005) and LF/HF ratio (β = 0.14; p = 0.01) when controlling for pregnancy status and maternal age. No significant associations were observed between HRV measures and instances of marijuana or nicotine use. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the negative effect of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of pregnant and postpartum women associated with substance use, and in turn, ANS dysregulation, which potentially puts some women at risk of developing a substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ruyak
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melissa H Roberts
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xingya Ma
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jared DiDomenico
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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23
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Rubio M, van Hooijdonk K, Luijten M, Kappe R, Cillessen AHN, Verhagen M, Vink JM. University students' (binge) drinking during COVID-19 lockdowns: An investigation of depression, social context, resilience, and changes in alcohol use. Soc Sci Med 2023; 326:115925. [PMID: 37137201 PMCID: PMC10125214 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The first COVID-19 lockdown impacted the social life and behaviors of university students, such as alcohol use. While previous studies have reported changes in students' alcohol use during the lockdown, knowledge of risk groups like binge drinkers is limited. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate how the first lockdown impacted the alcohol use of university students who were regular binge drinkers before the lockdown. METHODS Cross-sectional data were used to explore self-reported changes in alcohol use and associated psychosocial effects in regular binge drinking versus regular drinking university students (N = 7355) during the first COVID-19 lockdown (Spring 2020) in the Netherlands. RESULTS University students generally drank less alcohol and reduced binge drinking behaviors during the lockdown. Being a binge drinker who increased/maintained alcohol use, or a regular drinker who increased, was associated with older age, fewer servings of alcohol per week before COVID-19, higher contact with friends, and not living with parents. Among regular binge drinkers, men increased their alcohol use during the lockdown significantly more than women. Among regular drinkers, those with high depressive symptoms and low resilience had increased alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS These findings give insight into significant changes in drinking behaviors among university students during the first COVID-19 lockdown. More importantly, it underscores the need to reckon vulnerable students considering drinking type and associated psychosocial variables for increasing or maintaining higher alcohol use during societal stress periods. In the present study, an unexpected at-risk group emerged among regular drinkers who increased alcohol use during the lockdown in association with their mental state (i.e., depression and resilience). As the COVID-19 pandemic, and the possibility of similar scenarios in the future, is still present in the current student life, specific preventive strategies and interventions should be targeted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rubio
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rutger Kappe
- Department of Student Success, Inholland University for Applied Sciences, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike Verhagen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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24
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Home alone: A population neuroscience investigation of brain morphology substrates. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119936. [PMID: 36781113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a social species, ready exchange with peers is a pivotal asset - our "social capital". Yet, single-person households have come to pervade metropolitan cities worldwide, with unknown consequences in the long run. Here, we systematically explore the morphological manifestations associated with singular living in ∼40,000 UK Biobank participants. The uncovered population-level signature spotlights the highly associative default mode network, in addition to findings such as in the amygdala central, cortical and corticoamygdaloid nuclei groups, as well as the hippocampal fimbria and dentate gyrus. Both positive effects, equating to greater gray matter volume associated with living alone, and negative effects, which can be interpreted as greater gray matter associations with not living alone, were found across the cortex and subcortical structures Sex-stratified analyses revealed male-specific neural substrates, including somatomotor, saliency and visual systems, while female-specific neural substrates centered on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. In line with our demographic profiling results, the discovered neural pattern of living alone is potentially linked to alcohol and tobacco consumption, anxiety, sleep quality as well as daily TV watching. The persistent trend for solitary living will require new answers from public-health decision makers. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Living alone has profound consequences for mental and physical health. Despite this, there has been a rapid increase in single-person households worldwide, with the long-term consequences yet unknown. In the largest study of its kind, we investigate how the objective lack of everyday social interaction, through living alone, manifests in the brain. Our population neuroscience approach uncovered a gray matter signature that converged on the 'default network', alongside targeted subcortical, sex and demographic profiling analyses. The human urge for social relationships is highlighted by the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Better understanding of how social isolation relates to the brain will influence health and social policy decision-making of pandemic planning, as well as social interventions in light of global shifts in houseful structures.
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25
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Lake S, Cooper ZD, Ong K, Lucas P. Shifts in medical cannabis use in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2023; 43:119-129. [PMID: 36924465 PMCID: PMC10101038 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.43.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread secondary negative health impacts including loss of material security and exacerbation of mental illness in at-risk populations. While increases in the nonmedical use of certain substances, including cannabis, have been observed in samples of the Canadian population, no research has documented COVID-concurrent shifts in medical cannabis use in Canada. METHODS Data were derived from the 2021 Canadian Cannabis Patient Survey, an online survey administered in May 2021 to people authorized to use medical cannabis recruited from one of two Canadian licensed medical cannabis producers. McNemar tests assessed for changes in past 3-month medical cannabis frequency from before to during the pandemic. We explored correlates of increasing frequency of cannabis use since before the pandemic in bivariable and multivariable logistic models. RESULTS In total, 2697 respondents (49.1% women) completed the survey. Daily medical cannabis use increased slightly but significantly from before the pandemic (83.2%) to during the pandemic (90.3% at time of survey; p < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with increasing frequency of medical cannabis use included female gender, younger age, pandemic-related job loss, primary cannabis use to manage mental health, prescription drug use and nonmedical cannabis use (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There were slight shifts towards higher frequency of medical cannabis use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While short- and long-term impacts of cannabis use on pandemic-related mental distress are unknown, clinicians working with patients who use medical cannabis should be aware of possible changes in use patterns during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lake
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaye Ong
- Tilray Canada Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Tilray Canada Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Social Dimensions of Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Di Gessa G, Zaninotto P. Health Behaviors and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Appl Gerontol 2023:7334648231159373. [PMID: 36854708 PMCID: PMC9978235 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231159373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stay-at-home and lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on health-related behaviors which in turn posed a risk to mental health, particularly among older people. In this study, we investigated how changes to health behaviors (physical activity, sleeping, eating, and drinking) impacted mental health (depression, quality of life, and life satisfaction) during and beyond the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown. Using data from Wave 9 (2018/19) and two COVID-19 sub-studies (June/July 2020; November/December 2020) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 4989), we found that health behaviors changes during lockdown were associated with poorer mental health in June/July 2020. However, in November/December 2020, higher depression, lower quality of life, and lower life satisfaction were more likely only among respondents who reported less physical activity, eating more, changes in sleep patterns, and drinking more alcohol. Public health programs should support healthy behaviors as we emerge from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Di Gessa
- Institute of Epidemiology and
Health Care, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College
London, London, UK,Giorgio Di Gessa, Department of
Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington
Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Institute of Epidemiology and
Health Care, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College
London, London, UK
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Edwards K, Cowan D, Brunero S. Perspective: Coping with Covid-19: An isolation risk assessment and management guideline for healthcare staff. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:337-347. [PMID: 36385730 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mental health consequences of pandemic isolation have been well documented extending from psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression to increased falls risk, medication errors and delirium. Whilst risk factors associated with isolation are known, there remains a gap in the guidance for healthcare staff on how to assess for these risks and develop effective management plans. Using a structured professional judgement (SPJ) approach and the author's recent experience providing consultation and leadership to clinical staff working with at-risk patients during the pandemic, an isolation risk assessment and management guideline was developed. SPJ is an evidenced-based analytical method used to understand and mitigate risk that was primarily developed for the assessment and management of aggression and violence. This paper discusses an evidenced-based process used to develop the guideline and the application of its use from the author's clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Edwards
- Integrated Mental Health and Alcohol and Other Drugs Services, Mid North Coast Local Health District, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darrin Cowan
- Integrated Mental Health and Alcohol and Other Drugs Services, Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Brunero
- Mental Health Liaison, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Casual Academic University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Çok İ, İyıgündoğdu İ. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use and smoking habits. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2167745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Çok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem İyıgündoğdu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hoffmann K, Kopciuch D, Bońka A, Michalak M, Bryl W, Kus K, Nowakowska E, Zaprutko T, Ratajczak P, Paczkowska A. The Mental Health of Poles during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032000. [PMID: 36767366 PMCID: PMC9914975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has had a profound impact on all aspects of life in the global population, causing above other, psychological problems. AIMS The objective of this study was to evaluate the mental health of the Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional web-based survey design was adopted. The study horizon was from 1 June 2021, to 31 December 2021. An anonymous, standardized questionnaire was disseminated electronically by means of social media among Polish adults. The following tests were performed: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS A total of 1306 individuals completed the survey. Of the participants, 77.79% were female at a mean age of 34.89 ± (14.79), 62.25% had higher education, and 56.43% were employed. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances in this sample were as follows: 50.38%, 43.49%, 61.26%, and 44.74%, respectively. Poor self-estimated health status, the presence of comorbidities, and regular use of nicotine significantly increased the risk of any of the analyzed psychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders. The depression level was significantly associated with age, living alone, health status, and the use of nicotine. Moreover, the level of anxiety was significantly associated with age and health status. The level of stress depended on gender, age, health status, use of nicotine, and being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Sleep disturbances depended on age, health status, the presence of comorbidities, and regular use of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The Polish population manifested numerous psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to afford psychological support to them and ensure their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Kopciuch
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bońka
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaprutko
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Ratajczak
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Zsichla L, Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 36680215 PMCID: PMC9863423 DOI: 10.3390/v15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsichla
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Aslam A, Kwo PY. Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:88-102. [PMID: 36647400 PMCID: PMC9840073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of alcohol in excess leads to substantial medical, economic, and societal burdens. Approximately 5.3% of all global deaths may be attributed to alcohol consumption. Moreover, the burden of alcohol associated liver disease (ALD) accounts for 5.1% of all disease and injury worldwide. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects men more than women globally with significant years of life loss to disability in low, middle and well-developed countries. Precise data on global estimates of alcohol related steatosis, alcohol related hepatitis, and alcohol related cirrhosis have been challenging to obtain. In the United States (US), alcohol related steatosis has been estimated at 4.3% based on NHANES data which has remained stable over 14 years. However, alcohol-related fibrotic liver disease has increased over the same period. In those with AUD, the prevalence of alcohol related hepatitis has been estimated at 10-35%. Globally, the prevalence of alcohol-associated cirrhosis has been estimated at 23.6 million individuals for compensated cirrhosis and 2.46 million for those with decompensated cirrhosis. The contribution of ALD to global mortality and disease burden of liver related deaths is substantial. In 2016 liver disease related to AUD contributed to 50% of the estimated liver disease deaths for age groups 15 years and above. Data from the US report high cost burdens associated with those admitted with alcohol-related liver complications. Finally, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with marked increase in alcohol consumption worldwide and will likely increase the burden of ALD.
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Key Words
- AAPC, Average annual percentage change
- ABIC, Age, Serum bilirubin, INR and serum Creatinine
- ABV, Alcohol by volume
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- AUD, Alcohol use disorder
- BAC, Blood alcohol concentration
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- GAHS, Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score
- HE, Hepatic encephalopathy
- HRS, Hepatorenal syndrome
- ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition
- MDF, Maddrey's Discriminant Function
- MELD, Model of end-stage liver disease
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NIAAA, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- NIS, National inpatient sample
- NSDUH, Annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- SAMHSA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- US, United States
- USG, Ultrasonography
- WHO, World Health Organization
- YLD, Years of life lost to disability
- alcohol
- alcohol use disorder
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- alcoholic hepatitis
- alcoholic steatosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Aslam
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 430 Broadway, Pavilion C, 3rd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Paul Y. Kwo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 430 Broadway, Pavilion C, 3rd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Ibarrola-Peña JC, Cueto-Valadez TA, Chejfec-Ciociano JM, Cifuentes-Andrade LR, Cueto-Valadez AE, Castillo-Cardiel G, Cervantes-Cardona GA, Cervantes-Pérez E, Cervantes-Guevara G, Guzmán-Ruvalcaba MJ, Sapién-Fernández JH, Guzmán-Barba JA, Esparza-Estrada I, Flores-Becerril P, Brancaccio-Pérez IV, Guzmán-Ramírez BG, Álvarez-Villaseñor AS, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Reyes-Elizalde EA, Fuentes-Orozco C, González-Ojeda A. Substance Use and Psychological Distress in Mexican Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:716. [PMID: 36613036 PMCID: PMC9819856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This observational cross-sectional study examined changes in substance use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Mexican population and evaluated whether depression or anxiety was associated with these new consumption patterns. METHODS An online survey was distributed to the general population. Participants were questioned about their demographics, situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and substance consumption patterns. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were used. RESULTS A total of 866 individuals completed the survey. The mean scores for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were 8.89 ± 6.20 and 3.48 ± 3.22, respectively. The preferred substances were alcohol (19%), tobacco (16.5%), and marijuana (5.6%). Consumption of alcohol (p = 0.042) significantly increased during the pandemic and it was higher in women than in men (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Substance use patterns were affected by the pandemic, with an increase in the number of users and consumption rate, as well as the reported psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña
- Hospital General y Medicina Familiar de Zona No. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64010, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cifuentes-Andrade
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Castillo-Cardiel
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Héctor Sapién-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Aldo Guzmán-Barba
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Isaac Esparza-Estrada
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paola Flores-Becerril
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bertha Georgina Guzmán-Ramírez
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Emilio Alberto Reyes-Elizalde
- Departamento de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Parental Lifestyle Changes and Correlations with Children's Dietary Changes during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121963. [PMID: 36553405 PMCID: PMC9777291 DOI: 10.3390/children9121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the eating behaviour of parents during the first lockdown implemented in Greece due to COVID-19 and to explore possible associations with corresponding changes in the eating behaviour of their children. A quantitative cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 397 parents with children aged 2−18 years, who were recruited from 63 municipalities in Greece. It was observed that the percentage of parents and children reporting consumption of breakfast during the lockdown period increased by 10.6% and 5%, respectively. Also, 75% of the parents increased their snack consumption and 61% their sweets consumption. Parents increased home-cooking during lockdown (6.4 times/week), compared to 5.6 times/week before (p < 0.001), which was associated with decreased consumption of fast foods for both parents and children (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) and also correlated with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for children (p < 0.05). More than half parents tried to lose weight during lockdown (58.4%). In conclusion, both favourable (home-cooking) and unfavourable (increased snacking) lifestyle changes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece were reported for parents.
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Coulaud PJ, Airagnes G, McGrath K, Bolduc N, Bertrand K, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Factors Associated with Self-Reported Changes in Alcohol Use among Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis between Canada and France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16694. [PMID: 36554575 PMCID: PMC9778883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic impacted young adults' alcohol use patterns, little is known about how changes in alcohol use may differ across different settings. Our objective was to identify and compare factors associated with changes in alcohol use among young adults in Canada and France during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in October-December 2020 with young adults aged 18-29 (n = 5185) in Canada and France. In each country, weighted multinomial logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with self-reported decrease and increase in alcohol use separately (reference: no change). Respectively, 33.4% and 21.4% reported an increase in alcohol use in Canada and France, while 22.9% and 33.5% reported a decrease. Being 25-29 was a predictor of decrease in Canada, while living away from family was associated with an increase in France. In both countries, participants were more likely to report an increase if they reported depressive symptoms, smoking tobacco, or cannabis use. Conversely, those who had been tested for COVID-19 and those who were highly compliant with COVID-19 preventive measures were more likely to report a decrease. Efforts are needed to develop alcohol use interventions for young adults, including in ways that prioritize those with mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Julien Coulaud
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- AP-HP. Centre-Université Paris Cité, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Kai McGrath
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Centre d’Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), 75244 Paris, France
- Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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Dyer ML, Sallis HM, Khouja JN, Dryhurst S, Munafò MR. Associations between COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Mental Health, Wellbeing, and Risk Behaviours. JOURNAL OF RISK RESEARCH 2022; 25:1372-1394. [PMID: 37872962 PMCID: PMC7615237 DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2022.2127849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Mental health has worsened, and substance use has increased for some people during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Some cross-sectional studies suggest that higher COVID-19 risk perceptions are related to poorer mental health and greater risk behaviours (e.g., substance use). However, longitudinal and genetic data are needed to help to reduce the likelihood of reverse causality. Methods We used cross-sectional, longitudinal, and polygenic risk score (PRS; for anxiety, depression, wellbeing) data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We examined cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal associations between COVID-19 risk perceptions (i.e., cognitive, affective, self, other, and a combined 'holistic' measure) and mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression), wellbeing, and risk behaviours. Pandemic (April-July 2020) and pre-pandemic (2003-2017) data (ns = 233-5,115) were included. Results Higher COVID-19 risk perceptions (holistic) were associated with anxiety (OR 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20 to 3.52), depression (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.18), low wellbeing (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.13), and increased alcohol use (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.72). Higher COVID-19 risk perceptions were also associated with self-isolating given a suspected COVID-19 infection (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.68), and less face-to-face contact (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.98) and physical contact (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.00). Pre-pandemic anxiety (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.09) and low wellbeing (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.74) were associated with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions. The depression PRS (b 0.21, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.40) and wellbeing PRS (b -0.29, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.09) were associated with higher and lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, respectively. Conclusions Poorer mental health and wellbeing are associated with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, and longitudinal and genetic data suggest that they may play a causal role in COVID-19 risk perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy L. Dyer
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah M. Sallis
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jasmine N. Khouja
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dryhurst
- Winton Centre for Risk and Evidence Communication, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Harker N, Johnson K, Erasmus J, Myers B. COVID 19—impact on substance use treatment utilization and provision in South Africa. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 35241095 PMCID: PMC8892117 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore, changes in the number of SUD treatment episodes provided during the height of the pandemic and, SUD treatment providers’ perceptions of the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on people with SUDs and the delivery of SUD treatment services in South Africa. Methods We used administrative data collected as part of the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) project to assess whether the number of treatment episodes changed during the height of COVID-19 restrictions. We used data from an online survey of SUD treatment providers to assess providers’ perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on SUD treatment delivery. Eight seven SUD facilities were recruited to participate in the online survey. Results Sixty-three organisations (out of a total of 86) participated in the survey, yielding a 73.2% response rate. About half (n = 30; 47.6%) of the sample thought the need for SUD treatment had remained the same or had increased during the COVID-19 lockdown. Half the sample (n = 32; 50.7%) reported decreased availability of SUD services during COVID-19 lockdowns. Participants believed that the lack of services during COVID-19 lockdown impacted negatively on patients that were enrolled in their programmes and on individuals who wished to access the service. Furthermore, changes in service provision seemed to increase patients’ anxiety, exacerbate pre-existing mental health problems and in some cases were thought to precipitate relapse. In addition, patient disengagement and attrition from treatment were thought to have increased during this period. Whilst 47.6% (n = 30) of providers agreed with the value of the alcohol ban, 23.8% (n = 15) of providers thought it had unintended negative consequences. Conclusion Based on the findings it is evident that SUD treatment services in South Africa have been significantly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic and more severely during the onset of the pandemic. Together with service providers, more effective ways should be sought on how to feasibly expand access to SUD treatment for all South Africans and enhance the country’s preparedness for future health emergencies.
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Grigg J, Manning V, Cheetham A, Youssef G, Hall K, Baker AL, Staiger PK, Volpe I, Stragalinos P, Lubman DI. A Latent Class Analysis of Perceived Barriers to Help-seeking Among People with Alcohol Use Problems Presenting for Telephone-delivered Treatment. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 58:68-75. [PMID: 36448844 PMCID: PMC9830485 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite the magnitude of alcohol use problems globally, treatment uptake remains low. This study sought to determine the proportion of people presenting to telephone-delivered alcohol treatment who are first-time help-seekers, and explored perceived barriers to help-seeking to understand the barriers this format of treatment may help to address. METHODS Secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered intervention for alcohol use problems. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified participant profiles according to self-reported barriers to alcohol treatment. RESULTS Participants' (344) mean age was 39.86 years (SD = 11.36, 18-73 years); 51.45% were male. Despite high alcohol problem severity (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test: mean = 21.54, SD = 6.30; 63.37% probable dependence), multiple barriers to accessing treatment were endorsed (mean = 5.64, SD = 2.41), and fewer than one-third (29.36%) had previously accessed treatment. LCA revealed a two-class model: a 'low problem recognition' class (43.32%) endorsed readiness-for-change and attitudinal barriers; a 'complex barriers' class (56.68%) endorsed stigma, structural, attitudinal and readiness-to-change barriers, with complex barrier class membership predicted by female sex (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.28, 0.72) and higher psychological distress (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.18). CONCLUSION The majority of people accessing this telephone-delivered intervention were new to treatment, yet had high alcohol problem severity. Two distinct profiles emerged, for which telephone interventions may overcome barriers to care and tailored approaches should be explored (e.g. increasing problem awareness, reducing psychological distress). Public health strategies to address stigma, and raise awareness about the low levels of drinking that constitute problem alcohol use, are needed to increase help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Grigg
- Corresponding author: 110 Church St Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia. Tel.: +61 8413 8723; E-mail
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Church St Richmond, 3121, Australia,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Moorooduc Hwy Melbourne, 3199, Australia
| | - Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Church St Richmond, 3121, Australia,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Moorooduc Hwy Melbourne, 3199, Australia
| | - George Youssef
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Pigdons Rd Geelong, 3216, Australia,Centre of Drug, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Burwood Hwy Melbourne, 3125, Australia,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Pigdons Rd Geelong, 3216, Australia,Centre of Drug, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Burwood Hwy Melbourne, 3125, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drv Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Petra K Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Pigdons Rd Geelong, 3216, Australia,Centre of Drug, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Burwood Hwy Melbourne, 3125, Australia
| | - Isabelle Volpe
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Church St Richmond, 3121, Australia,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Moorooduc Hwy Melbourne, 3199, Australia
| | - Peta Stragalinos
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Church St Richmond, 3121, Australia,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Moorooduc Hwy Melbourne, 3199, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Church St Richmond, 3121, Australia,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Moorooduc Hwy Melbourne, 3199, Australia
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Asiimwe C, Fatch R, Cheng DM, Emenyonu NI, Ngabirano C, Muyindike WR, Hahn JA. Bar Attendance and Alcohol Use Before and After COVID-19 Related Restrictions Among HIV-infected Adults in South-Western Uganda. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:2005-2014. [PMID: 36441412 PMCID: PMC9707128 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlcohol use is especially problematic for people living with HIV (PLWH) and was likely to be impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its restrictions. In a study of PLWH with latent tuberculosis infection, we measured unhealthy alcohol use with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and bar attendance. We analyzed data collected before and after COVID-19 restrictions, and used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) logistic regression models to evaluate changes in unhealthy alcohol use. While bar attendance declined from 57.0% before to 38.3% after the restrictions started, multivariable analysis controlling for bar use showed a significant increase in unhealthy alcohol use; the adjusted odds ratio for unhealthy drinking before versus after the restrictions started was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.89–2.12) which increased to 1.64 (95% CI: 1.08–2.50) when bar attendance was added to the model. Decline in bar attendance did not decrease unhealthy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Asiimwe
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Robin Fatch
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Debbie M Cheng
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nneka I Emenyonu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Ngabirano
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Winnie R Muyindike
- Global Health Collaborative, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Judith A Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Mission Hall, 550 16th Street, Room 3550, UCSF Box 1224, 94158, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Wysokińska M, Kołota A. Assessment of the Prevalence of Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Knowledge of the Impact of Alcohol on Health in a Group of Polish Young Adults Aged 18-35: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15425. [PMID: 36497500 PMCID: PMC9737381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed worldwide, especially by young adults. Their excessive consumption is associated with numerous health, social and financial damages. The level of knowledge of young adults about the health effects of consuming alcoholic beverages is low, and research in this area is conducted on small, unrepresentative groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption and the level of knowledge about the impact of ethyl alcohol on health in a group of people aged 18−35. The survey results indicate that the majority of respondents regularly consume alcoholic beverages (94.6%), and they are at a low risk of excessive consumption (p < 0.0001). The most frequently chosen alcoholic beverage in the studied group was beer, and the least chosen one was vodka. The main motive for reaching for alcoholic beverages was the desire to improve mood. Respondents did not indicate significant changes in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, but participants in the high-risk group more often indicated an increase in alcohol consumption (p = 0.0025). The analysis of the level of knowledge showed that the participants in the study had an average or low level of knowledge about the effects of ethanol on health, with no significant relationships between the study groups. The obtained results indicate a strong need for the continuous education of young people on the effects of the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages on the body, with particular emphasis on the consequences of using alcohol as a mood-enhancing agent.
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Schulz P, Shabbir R, Ramakrishnan S, Asrani SK. Acute Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis in the COVID-19 Pandemic — a Structured Review. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022; 9:227-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lubman DI, Grigg J, Reynolds J, Hall K, Baker AL, Staiger PK, Tyler J, Volpe I, Stragalinos P, Harris A, Best D, Manning V. Effectiveness of a Stand-alone Telephone-Delivered Intervention for Reducing Problem Alcohol Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1055-1064. [PMID: 36129698 PMCID: PMC9494267 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Despite the magnitude of alcohol use problems globally, treatment uptake remains low. Telephone-delivered interventions have potential to overcome many structural and individual barriers to help seeking, yet their effectiveness as a stand-alone treatment for problem alcohol use has not been established. Objective To examine the effectiveness of the Ready2Change telephone-delivered intervention in reducing alcohol problem severity up to 3 months among a general population sample. Design, Setting, and Participants This double-blind, randomized clinical trial recruited participants with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of greater than 6 (for female participants) and 7 (for male participants) from across Australia during the period of May 25, 2018, to October 2, 2019. Telephone assessments occurred at baseline and 3 months after baseline (84.9% retention). Data collection was finalized September 2020. Interventions The telephone-based cognitive and behavioral intervention comprised 4 to 6 telephone sessions with a psychologist. The active control condition comprised four 5-minute telephone check-ins from a researcher and alcohol and stress management pamphlets. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in alcohol problem severity, measured with the AUDIT total score. Drinking patterns were measured with the Timeline Followback (TLFB) instrument. Results This study included a total of 344 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.9 [11.4] years; range, 18-73 years; 177 male participants [51.5%]); 173 participants (50.3%) composed the intervention group, and 171 participants (49.7%) composed the active control group. Less than one-third of participants (101 [29.4%]) had previously sought alcohol treatment, despite a high mean (SD) baseline AUDIT score of 21.5 (6.3) and 218 (63.4%) scoring in the probable dependence range. For the primary intention-to-treat analyses, there was a significant decrease in AUDIT total score from baseline to 3 months in both groups (intervention group decrease, 8.22; 95% CI, 7.11-9.32; P < .001; control group decrease, 7.13; 95% CI, 6.10-8.17; P < .001), but change over time was not different between groups (difference, 1.08; 95% CI, -0.43 to 2.59; P = .16). In secondary analyses, the intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in the AUDIT hazardous use domain relative to the control group at 3 months (difference, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.02-1.14; P = .04). A greater reduction in AUDIT total score was observed for the intervention group relative to the control group when adjusting for exposure to 2 or more sessions (difference, 3.40; 95% CI, 0.36-6.44; P = .03) but not 1 or more sessions (per-protocol analysis). Conclusions and Relevance Based on the primary outcome, AUDIT total score, this randomized clinical trial did not find superior effectiveness of this telephone-based cognitive and behavioral intervention compared with active control. However, the intervention was effective in reducing hazardous alcohol use and reduced alcohol problem severity when 2 or more sessions were delivered. Trial outcomes demonstrate the potential benefits of this highly scalable and accessible model of alcohol treatment. Trial Registration ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12618000828224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmin Grigg
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Reynolds
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Drug, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petra K. Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Drug, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tyler
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle Volpe
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peta Stragalinos
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Harris
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Best
- Department of Criminology, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kanmodi KK, Salami AA, Nwafor JN, Olomo CA, Nnyanzi LA. Trend Analysis of Global Web Searches (2004–2022) on Oral Cancer and Its Major Risk Factors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is the 15th leading cause of mortality globally. The Internet is an online source of information pertaining to oral cancer and its major risk factors. This study aims to analyze the trend of global online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors through an analysis of web searches of oral cancer.
Materials and Methods This study analyzed the web searches conducted, from 2004 to January 2022, on oral cancer and its major risk factors (tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and human papillomavirus [HPV] infection) using data obtained from Google Trends.
Results Within the time frame under study, oral cancer had multiple peak search periods, with the highest relative search volume index (SVI) for a period being 1; the peak search period for alcohol was March 2020 (SVI = 100); the peak search periods for tobacco were March to April 2004 (SVI = 17); and the peak search period of HPV was April 2004 (SVI = 1). Globally, alcohol was the most common searched term among these four terms (oral cancer, alcohol, tobacco, and HPV) except in Turkey where tobacco was the most common (55%) searched term. The top 25 search queries for oral cancer, HPV, tobacco, and alcohol had SVI ranges of 22 to 100, 12 to 100, 28 to 100, and 18 to 100, respectively. From these search queries, it was observed that people have interest in oral cancer symptomatology, and the adverse effects of tobacco, alcohol, and HPV.
Conclusion This study revealed an overall decline in the online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Oral Health Working Group (Health Students Research Network), School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Njideka Nwafor
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Adetokunbo Olomo
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Pathology/Oral Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
- Oral Health Working Group (Health Students Research Network), School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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Venanzi L, Dickey L, Green H, Pegg S, Benningfield MM, Bettis AH, Blackford JU, Kujawa A. Longitudinal predictors of depression, anxiety, and alcohol use following COVID-19-related stress. Stress Health 2022; 38:679-691. [PMID: 34979053 PMCID: PMC9250546 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed profound effects on health and daily life, with widespread stress exposure and increases in psychiatric symptoms. Despite these challenges, pandemic research provides unique insights into individual differences in emotion and cognition that predict responses to stress, with general implications for understanding stress vulnerability. We examined predictors of responses to COVID-19-related stress in an online sample of 450 emerging adults recruited in May 2020 to complete questionnaires assessing baseline stress and psychiatric symptoms, rumination, cognitive reappraisal use and intolerance of uncertainty. Stress and symptoms were re-assessed 3 months later (N = 200). Greater pandemic-related stressful events were associated with increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety and alcohol use severity. Additionally, individual differences in emotional and cognitive styles emerged as longitudinal predictors of stress responses. Specifically, greater rumination predicted increased depression. Reduced cognitive reappraisal use interacted with stress to predict increases in alcohol use. An unexpected pattern emerged for intolerance of uncertainty, such that stress was associated with increases in depression for those high in intolerance of uncertainty but increases in alcohol use at relatively low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. These results highlight unique vulnerabilities that predict specific outcomes following stress exposure and offer potential prevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Venanzi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | - Haley Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Alexandra H. Bettis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University
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Daimer S, Mihatsch LL, Neufeld SAS, Murray GK, Knolle F. Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 related stress and media consumption with schizotypy, depression, and anxiety in cross-sectional surveys repeated throughout the pandemic in Germany and the UK. eLife 2022; 11:75893. [PMID: 35781372 PMCID: PMC9252577 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies report a strong impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related stressors on the mental well-being of the general population. In this paper, we investigated whether COVID-19 related concerns and social adversity affected schizotypal traits, anxiety, and depression using structural equational modelling. In mediation analyses, we furthermore explored whether these associations were mediated by healthy (sleep and physical exercise) or unhealthy behaviours (drug and alcohol consumption, excessive media use). Methods: We assessed schizotypy, depression, and anxiety as well as healthy and unhealthy behaviours and a wide range of sociodemographic scores using online surveys from residents of Germany and the United Kingdom over 1 year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four independent samples were collected (April/May 2020: N=781, September/October 2020: N=498, January/February 2021: N=544, May 2021: N=486). The degree of schizotypy was measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), anxiety, and depression symptoms were surveyed with the Symptom Checklist (SCL-27), and healthy and unhealthy behaviours were assessed with the Coronavirus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS). Structural equation models were used to consider the influence of COVID-19 related concerns and social adversity on depressive and anxiety-related symptoms and schizotypal traits in relation to certain healthy (sleep and exercise) and unhealthy behaviours (alcohol and drug consumption, excessive media use). Results: The results revealed that COVID-19 related life concerns were significantly associated with schizotypy in the September/October 2020 and May 2021 surveys, with anxiety in the September/October 2020, January/February 2021, and May 2021 surveys, and with depressive symptoms in all surveys. Social adversity significantly affected the expression of schizotypal traits and depressive and anxiety symptoms in all four surveys. Importantly, we found that excessive media consumption (>4 hr per day) fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 related life concerns and schizotypal traits in the January/February 2021 survey. Furthermore, several of the surveys showed that excessive media consumption was associated with increased depressive and anxiety-related symptoms in people burdened by COVID-19 related life. Conclusions: The ongoing uncertainties of the pandemic and the restrictions on social life have a strong impact on mental well-being and especially the expression of schizotypal traits. The negative impact is further boosted by excessive media consumption, which is especially critical for people with high schizotypal traits. Funding: FK received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 (Grant number 754,462). SN received funding from the Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund from the University of Cambridge. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and the measures different governments took to contain it, harmed many people’s mental well-being. The restrictions, combined with pandemic-related uncertainty, caused many individuals to experience increased stress, depression, and anxiety. Many people turned to unhealthy behaviours to cope, including consuming more alcohol or drugs, using media excessively, developing poor sleeping habits, or reducing the amount of exercise they did. Stress, drugs, poor sleep, and uncertainty can increase an individual’s risk of developing psychotic symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, or difficulty thinking clearly. These symptoms may be temporary or part of a more lasting condition, like schizophrenia. The risk of developing these symptoms increases in people with ‘schizotypal traits’, such as a lack of close relationships, paranoia, or unusual or implausible beliefs. These individuals may be especially vulnerable to the harmful mental health effects of the pandemic. Daimer et al. demonstrated that people who were more worried about their life stability or financial situation during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic had worse mental well-being than those who felt secure. In the experiments, volunteers completed a series of online mental health questionnaires at four different time points during the pandemic. People who reported feeling lonely, having negative thoughts, or experiencing fewer positive social interactions had more symptoms of mental illness. People who experienced more life disruptions also reported more anxiety or depression symptoms and more schizotypal traits. Daily consumption of at least four hours of digital media exacerbated negative mental health symptoms, and people with more pandemic-related life concerns also spent more time on digital media Daimer et al. suggest that increased media consumption among people with pandemic-related hardships may have increased mental health symptoms and schizotypal traits in these individuals. The survey results suggest that maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including meaningful relationships, is essential to staying mentally healthy during extreme situations like a global pandemic. Protective interventions – such as strengthening social support networks, providing mental health education, or increasing mental healthcare provisions – are essential to prevent poor mental health outcomes during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz L Mihatsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon A S Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Knolle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hardie I, Stevely AK, Sasso A, Meier PS, Holmes J. The impact of changes in COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on alcohol consumption and drinking occasion characteristics in Scotland and England in 2020: an interrupted time-series analysis. Addiction 2022; 117:1622-1639. [PMID: 35108758 PMCID: PMC9302640 DOI: 10.1111/add.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early evidence suggests that COVID-19 lockdown restrictions affect alcohol consumption. However, existing studies lack data on how drinking practices changed as restrictions disrupted people's work, family life and socializing routines. We examined changes in consumption and drinking occasion characteristics during three periods of changing restrictions in Scotland/England. DESIGN Interrupted time-series analysis of repeat cross-sectional market research data (assessing step-level changes). SETTING Scotland/England, January 2009-December 2020. PARTICIPANTS Scotland: 41 507 adult drinkers; England: 253 148 adult drinkers. MEASUREMENTS Three intervention points: March 2020 lockdown, July 2020 easing of restrictions and October 2020 re-introduction of some restrictions. PRIMARY OUTCOME mean units consumed per week (total/off-trade/on-trade; 1 unit = 8 g ethanol). SECONDARY OUTCOMES drinking > 14 units per week, heavy drinking, drinking days per week, solitary drinking, drinking with family/partners, drinking with friends/colleagues, own-home drinking, drinking in someone else's home and drinking start times. FINDINGS In Scotland, March 2020's lockdown was associated with a 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 4.02] increase in off-trade (i.e. shop-bought) units per week, a -2.84 (95% CI = -3.63, -2.06) decrease in on-trade (i.e. licensed venues) units per week, but no statistically significant change in total units per week. July 2020's easing of restrictions was associated with a 1.33 (95% CI = 0.05, 2.62) increase in on-trade units per week, but no statistically significant total/off-trade consumption changes. October 2020's re-introduction of some restrictions was not associated with statistically significant consumption changes. Results for England were broadly similar. Lockdown restrictions were also associated with later drinking start times, fewer occasions in someone else's home and with friends/colleagues, more own-home drinking and (in Scotland only) more solitary drinking. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in on-trade alcohol consumption following COVID-19 lockdown restrictions in Scotland/England in 2020 were mainly offset by increased own-home drinking. This largely persisted in periods of greater/lesser restrictions. The shift towards off-trade drinking involved significant changes in the characteristics of drinking occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hardie
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Abigail K. Stevely
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG), School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Alessandro Sasso
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG), School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Petra S. Meier
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG), School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Chowdhury N, Kainth A, Godlu A, Farinas HA, Sikdar S, Turin TC. Mental Health and Well-Being Needs among Non-Health Essential Workers during Recent Epidemics and Pandemics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5961. [PMID: 35627494 PMCID: PMC9141036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Essential workers, those who work in a variety of sectors that are critical to sustain the societal infrastructure, were affected both physically and mentally by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the most studied group of this population were healthcare workers, other essential non-health workers such as those working in the law enforcement sector, grocery services, food services, delivery services, and other sectors were studied less commonly. We explored both the academic (using MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science databases) and grey literature (using Google Scholar) to identify studies on the mental health effects of the six pandemics in the last 20 years (2000-2020). We identified a total of 32 articles; all of them pertained to COVID-19 except for one about Ebola. We found there was an increase in depression, anxiety, stress, and other mental health issues among non-health essential workers. They were more worried about passing the infection on to their loved ones and often did not have adequate training, supply of personal protective equipment, and support to cope with the effects. Generally, women, people having lower education, and younger people were more likely to be affected by a pandemic. Exploring occupation-specific coping strategies of those whose mental health was affected during a pandemic using more robust methodologies such as longitudinal studies and in-depth qualitative exploration would help facilitate appropriate responses for their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashit Chowdhury
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta International Medical Graduates Association, Calgary, AB T2E 3K8, Canada;
| | - Ankit Kainth
- Community Scholar and Citizen Researcher, Immigrant and Refugee Health Interest Group, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.K.); (A.G.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Atobrhan Godlu
- Community Scholar and Citizen Researcher, Immigrant and Refugee Health Interest Group, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.K.); (A.G.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Honey Abigail Farinas
- Community Scholar and Citizen Researcher, Immigrant and Refugee Health Interest Group, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.K.); (A.G.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Saif Sikdar
- Alberta International Medical Graduates Association, Calgary, AB T2E 3K8, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tanvir C. Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Sharma P, Kamath C, Kurani S, Pazdernik V, Kremers HM, St Sauver J, Croarkin P, Geske J, Prasad K, Patten C, Holland A. Longitudinal Correlates of Increased Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:648-655. [PMID: 35511126 PMCID: PMC9383764 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of increased alcohol use during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) period among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Pre-COVID period is defined as the 1-year period on or before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID period is defined as the period from 1st April 2020 to 30 March 2021. Univariable logistic regression models are used to evaluate the association of demographic characteristics, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), rurality, changes in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale severity, and the risk of increased alcohol consumption (binge drinking, number of drinks and drinking regularity) from pre-COVID to during-COVID period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study found that worsened anxiety symptoms, older age, being in college and current cigarette smoking status were associated with increased alcohol use among youth during the pandemic year. Socioeconomic position (measured by ADI) and rural status were not found to be associated with increased alcohol use among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Hilal Maradit Kremers
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer St Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zumbro Valley Health Center, 343 Woodlake Dr, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Ashely Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
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Hutchison M, Aldalur A, Maisto SA, Chiang A, Abar B, Stecker T, Conner KR. Alcohol Use During COVID-19 in Adults with Severe Untreated AUD. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2022; 40:299-310. [PMID: 35937159 PMCID: PMC9355046 DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2022.2060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrating increased alcohol use during COVID-19 comes from low- to moderate-alcohol use samples and has yet to use adults with severe but untreated AUD. Using a community sample of adults with severe AUD, this exploratory, cross-sectional study examined associations of COVID-19 alcohol use. Participants were recruited for a phase-II RCT. Only baseline measures, completed prior to randomization, were analyzed in the present study. Key variables were alcohol consumption, COVID-19-related worries and experiences, and qualitative responses of 1) alcohol use and 2) positive changes during COVID-19. 176 pariticpants recruited since COVID-19 were on average 41.4 years old, 49.1% female, and 79% White. Participants drank alcohol nearly 23 of the past 30 days, consumed 7 standard drinks per drinking day, and nearly 90% reported increased alcohol use. More heavy episodic drinking was reported in the first six-months of COVID-19 and more COVID-related concerns in the most recent six-months. Participants reported drinking increased due to "more time on their hands", but the pandemic also "strengthened relationships". Results affirm an increase in alcohol use during COVID-19 in adults with severe, untreated AUD. Findings underscore the need to understand how alcohol use and pandemic-related circumstances may influence one another for adults with severe AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morica Hutchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Aileen Aldalur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephen A. Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Chiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Beau Abar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Stecker
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Conner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Merlo A, Severeijns NR, Hendriksen PA, Benson S, Scholey A, Garssen J, Bruce G, Verster JC. Alcohol Consumption on the Heaviest Drinking Occasion and Hangovers during the First Dutch COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4301. [PMID: 35409981 PMCID: PMC8998255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare alcohol consumption between the heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (15 January-14 March 2020) and the first COVID-19 lockdown period (15 March-11 May 2020) in the Netherlands, including the presence and severity of associated hangovers. The analysis included a sub-sample from the "Corona Lockdown: how fit are you?" (CLOFIT) study, comprising N = 761 participants who reported consuming alcohol in 2020. Overall, on the heaviest drinking occasion during the first COVID-19 lockdown period a significant reduction in number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the heaviest drinking occasion, drinking duration, and estimated BAC was observed. A significant reduction was also observed for subjective intoxication and next-day hangover severity. During the lockdown period, a significant reduction in the frequency of alcohol hangovers was reported. Several age and sex differences were observed. Specifically, men consumed significantly more alcohol than women and experienced hangovers significantly more frequently, both before and during the lockdown. With regard to age, young adults (18-35 years old) significantly reduced their alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion during the lockdown and also reported lower ratings of subjective intoxication and hangover severity. No significant changes were seen for individuals above 35 years old. In conclusion, the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands was associated with reduced alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion and a reduction in the severity of hangovers, particularly among young male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Merlo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Noortje R Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Pauline A Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
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50
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Patterns of Alcohol Use Among Italian Young Adults Before and During a COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Class Analysis Study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION 2022; 43:191-208. [PMID: 35305212 PMCID: PMC8934024 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two not mutually exclusive theories explain the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use. The Availability hypothesis contends that reduced opportunities to drink due to the closure of outlets and consumption sites should lead to decreases in alcohol use, whereas the Stress and Coping hypothesis argues that those exposed to stressful situations may increase drinking. The primary aim of this study was to examine changes—separately by gender—in the prevalence of drinking patterns among Italian young adults (18–34 years) before and during a COVID-19 lockdown. Study design was a repeated cross-sectional study, whereby data collected in 2015 and 2020 from nationally representative samples were analyzed. Latent class analysis identified five, fully invariant for women and partially invariant for men, drinking pattern classes among both cohorts: current non-drinkers (CND), weekend risky (WRD) and weekend non-risky drinkers (WnRD), daily non-risky (DnRD) and daily risky drinkers (DRD). In support of the Availability hypothesis, increases in abstaining and moderate drinking women and men were observed from 2015 to 2020. Concomitantly, among men only there were also increases in the prevalence of patterns characterized by risky drinking, coping drinking motives and related harm (Stress and Coping hypothesis). The pandemic and the three-tier lockdown imposed by the Italian government likely reduced overall alcohol use in the general population who drink moderately. However, there was a substantial increase in the prevalence of a small but significant group of men who drank daily and heavily to cope. Outreach and prevention efforts should target primarily this group, but also consider the opportunities that the exceptional circumstances of a quarantine offer to any individuals to reshape their lifestyle and health-related behaviors.
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