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Wang Z, Drouard G, Whipp AM, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Bolte G, Kaprio J. Association between trajectories of the neighborhood social exposome and mental health in late adolescence: A FinnTwin12 cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:70-78. [PMID: 38697223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems impose a significant burden. Exploring evolving social environments could enhance comprehension of their impact on mental health. We aimed to depict the trajectories of the neighborhood social exposome from middle to late adolescence and assess the intricate relationship between them and late adolescent mental health. METHODS Participants (n = 3965) from the FinnTwin12 cohort with completed questionnaires at age 17 were used. Nine mental health measures were assessed. The social exposome comprised 28 neighborhood social indicators. Trajectories of these indicators from ages 12 to 17 were summarized via latent growth curve modeling into growth factors, including baseline intercept. Mixture effects of all growth factors were assessed through quantile-based g-computation. Repeated generalized linear regressions identified significant growth factors. Sex stratification was performed. RESULTS The linear-quadratic model was the most optimal trajectory model. No mixture effect was detected. Regression models showed some growth factors saliently linked to the p-factor, internalizing problems, anxiety, hyperactivity, and aggression. The majority of them were baseline intercepts. Quadratic growth factors about mother tongues correlated with anxiety among sex-combined participants and males. The linear growth factor in the proportion of households of couples without children was associated with internalizing problems in females. LIMITATIONS We were limited to including only neighborhood-level social exposures, and the multilevel contextual exposome situation interfered with our assessment. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of the social neighborhood exposome modestly influenced late adolescent mental health. Tackling root causes of social inequalities through targeted programs for living conditions could improve adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabin Drouard
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alyce M Whipp
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Pettersen JH, Hannigan LJ, Gustavson K, Lund IO, Pearson RM, Jensen P, Nesvåg R, Brandlistuen RE, Ask H. COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2422189. [PMID: 38995642 PMCID: PMC11245726 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Adolescence is a critical developmental phase when mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, often emerge. Stringent public health measures and quarantine mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic could threaten adolescent mental health. Objective To investigate the associations of public health measures and quarantine experiences with mental distress among Norwegian adolescents and to explore if certain vulnerability factors moderate these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study used repeated measures to capture variations in mental distress explained by the stringency of public health measures and quarantine experiences. Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study were linked to national health registries and a national stringency index from April 1, 2020, to February 17, 2021. Participant included 7787 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 18 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to October 2023. Exposures Stringency index of public health measures and quarantine experiences including recent quarantine (within the last 2 weeks) and quarantine frequency (cumulative number of quarantine episodes). Main Outcome and Measures Mental distress was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist across 6 data collection waves. Results In this study, 7787 participants were included in the analysis (4473 female [57%]; mean [SD] age, 17.0 [0.6] years). Stringent public health measures (β = 0.18; SE, 0.02; P < .001), recent quarantine (β = 0.11; SE, 0.02; P < .001), and frequent quarantine (β = 0.08; SE, 0.01; P < .001) were associated with higher levels of mental distress. The associations between public health measures and mental distress were not moderated by sex, age, prepandemic anxiety or depression, or genetic liability for mental health conditions. Frequency of quarantine appeared to be more strongly associated with mental distress among younger adolescents (β = -0.04; SE, 0.01; P = .008), those with parents with lower education (β = -0.04; SE, 0.01; P = .007), and those with lower genetic risk for depression (β = -0.03; SE, 0.01; P = .006). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, younger adolescents, those with parents with lower education, or those with low genetic liability for depression appeared more vulnerable when being quarantined several times. These findings emphasize the need for targeted support strategies to better protect adolescent well-being during future crises. Adolescents who experienced increased mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of continued mental health problems and in need of ongoing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne H Pettersen
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J Hannigan
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Children and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn O Lund
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Bristol, Untied Kingdom
| | - Pia Jensen
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Brandlistuen
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vonen HD, Sund ER, Ariansen I, Krokstad S. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health and mental distress during four decades in a Norwegian population: a HUNT Study. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:435-440. [PMID: 38848711 PMCID: PMC11161161 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities constitute an important focus area for public health, and it has long been established that higher educational level and longer lifespan are correlated. Little is known about decennial time trends in poor self-rated health and mental distress. METHODS This study linked decennial cross-sectional survey data on self-rated health and mental distress from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) from 1984 to 2019 with educational registry data using personal identification numbers. Survey participation ranged from 50 807 to 77 212. Slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated using generalized linear models in Stata. Analyses were stratified by sex and age, using the age categories of 30-59 years and 60-80 years. RESULTS Absolute inequalities in self-rated health and mental distress between educational groups have stayed relatively stable throughout all rounds of HUNT. Relative inequalities in self-rated health and mental distress have generally increased, and both men and women with the lowest education level were more likely to experience poor self-rated health and mental distress relative to those with the highest education level. RII in self-rated health increased over time for both sexes and both age groups. RII for mental distress increased in both sexes and both age groups, except for men and women aged 60-80. DISCUSSION This study shows that relative inequalities in self-rated and mental health in the Norwegian population are still persistent and have increased. Further knowledge about groups with a disadvantageous health situation should have implications for health care resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Dahl Vonen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Grimsgaard E, Eik H, Bjorbækmo W, Ahlsen B. A breathing space: how young Norwegian women engaging psychomotor physiotherapy to address long-term health disorders narrate their experiences. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38847147 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2362321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Norway, as elsewhere, young people may experience psychological distress and long-lasting pain. Such health disorders can be complex, leading some young people to seek psychomotor physiotherapy treatment. Thus far, however, there has been little qualitative investigation of their experiences. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to gain new knowledge about the illness experiences of young people with long-term health disorders engaging psychomotor physiotherapy. METHOD Qualitative interviews with ten Norwegian women aged 16-24 in psychomotor physiotherapy were analyzed within a narrative framework. FINDINGS The participants' treatment experiences take place in the context of a long history of pain, distress, and lack of understanding and support. Their stories tell of being threatened by illness and other difficult life events, and of being placed under further stress by a prolonged and disruptive quest for help within the healthcare system. For participants, psychomotor physiotherapy represents a breathing space where their illness experiences are acknowledged, enabling them to find rest and explore their bodily reactions and habits. CONCLUSION Long-term health disorders represent significant disruptions to the daily lives and relationships of young women. It is important to acknowledge the illness experiences of these young women and establish trustful therapeutic relationships. Psychomotor physiotherapy may offer significant potential as a means to help young people explore and make sense of their illness experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Grimsgaard
- Department for Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedda Eik
- Department for Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Bjorbækmo
- Department for Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Ahlsen
- Department for Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Hagen I, Hagen Ø. The impact of yoga on occupational stress and wellbeing: exploring practitioners' experiences. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352197. [PMID: 38898894 PMCID: PMC11186537 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace stress is a serious problem globally. It represents a major threat to the UN's sustainability goal of good health and wellbeing (SDG 3). The purpose of this article is to explore how yoga may be a tool for increased wellbeing and stress management at work and in everyday life. Methods To examine how yoga can facilitate employees' wellbeing and ability to cope with stress, we performed qualitative interviews with practitioners who did yoga regularly. We focused on how yoga was experienced by each of our interviewees and what practicing yoga meant to them. Our data material consists of 13 semi-structured lifeworld interviews. The sample consisted of 10 female and 3 male in the age range of 20-55 years old. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Results The themes identified in the thematic analysis include: (1) yoga as a tool for increased wellbeing, (2) yoga for coping with stress and dealing with challenges, (3) the role of breathing, and (4) contextual factors. While confirming other research findings, this article elaborates on aspects informants described as induced by yoga, like self-awareness, calmness, balance, mood-lifting, focus, presence, self-care, and mastery. The reported positive outcomes of yoga constituted increased wellbeing, and also facilitated the ability to cope with stress and experience less stress. Informants also emphasized that yogic breathing was a central factor in inducing wellbeing and feeling less stressed. They also expressed that contextual factors, such as time, teacher, and location, influenced how practicing yoga was experienced and made sense of. Conclusion The study concludes that the interviewees experienced practicing yoga as positive, by reducing their occupational stress. Moreover, yoga increased their wellbeing, as well as their ability to cope with stress. These experienced changes were especially facilitated by yogic breathing, and influenced by contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øivind Hagen
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behavior, BI Norwegian Business School, Trondheim, Norway
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Bramness JG, Hjellvik V, Høye A, Tesli M, Haram M, Nystad W, Krokstad S. The epidemiology of major depression among adults in Norway: an observational study on the concurrence between population surveys and registry data - a NCDNOR project. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1330. [PMID: 38755615 PMCID: PMC11100182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems, and major depression in particular, are important public health issues. Following trends in the prevalence of major depression is difficult because of the costs and complications of diagnostic interviews and general population self-report health surveys. Scandinavian countries, however, have several central, population-based health registries. We aimed to investigate how well these registries capture the epidemiology of major depression in the population. METHODS In two Norwegian regional surveys of general population health, each repeated after 10 years, responders were asked to report depressive symptoms using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were linked to three central health registries capturing contact with primary care, specialist care and prescriptions for antidepressants, to investigate how well these registries reflected self-reported depressive symptoms. RESULTS Most responders scored low on Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), but 10% and 13%, respectively, scored above cut-off, with only minor changes between the two survey times. Females scored higher than males. Older people scored lower than younger, and a social gradient was visible. Around 12% of those who scored above the cut-off on either scale were recorded in the central health registries during the following year. This correlation was highest in primary care data, followed by prescription data and lowest in specialist care. Females were more often recorded in registries (p < 0.001), as were younger people (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a strong association between scores on screening for major depression in the general population surveys and being recorded in central health registries. There was a low sensitivity of these registries. and there was some variation in how sensitive the central health registries were in picking up depression, especially for males and older people. However, the stability of the measures over time suggests we may get an impression of the prevalence of major depression in the general population by using data from the central health registries. A combination of primary care data, prescription data and specialist care data have a higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O.Box 222, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Haram
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Anker EA, Bøe Sture SE, Hystad SW, Kodal A. The effect of physical activity on anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with mental health disorders: a research brief. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1254050. [PMID: 38818022 PMCID: PMC11138150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1254050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety is prevalent among children and adolescents (termed youths), and leads to reduced quality of life, disability, loss of education and reduced life-span. Physical activity has shown promising effects on symptoms of anxiety in adult populations, and an increasing amount of research has also demonstrated some effect in youth. However, physical activity is not widely used in youth mental health care, and research is very limited. Methods/design This single arm, pre-post study explores the effect of a manualized physical activity-based 14-session intervention termed Confident, Active and Happy Youth. Participants are youth attending specialized mental health care (N=51, M age = 13.4, SD = 2.2). Changes in anxiety symptoms are examined using mixed models with residual maximum likelihood (REML). The potential effect of anxiety subtype differences, participant age, comorbidity, and time spent in out-patient care are explored. Results Youths did not report any effect on anxiety symptoms after participation in CAHY, however, their parents report a significant reduction in youth's anxiety symptoms in general (b = -0.11, 95%, CI: -0.21 to -0.01) and specifically for social phobia (b = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.03). Age and comorbidity showed no significant effect on anxiety symptoms post treatment. Prior treatment time in youth mental health care demonstrated inconclusive results. Conclusion The study finds initial evidence of symptomatic change in a clinical population of youth's receiving a physical activity-based intervention. Our research provides preliminary support for physical activity as a supplementary treatment method for mental health disorders among youths. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05049759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Aase Anker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svanhild E. Bøe Sture
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigurd William Hystad
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Kodal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Krokstad MA, Sund E, Rangul V, Bauman A, Olsson C, Bjerkeset O. Secular trends in risk factors for adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: the Young-HUNT studies 1995-2019, Norway. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2. [PMID: 38578474 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, increases in mental health problems in adolescents have been reported from several large population-based surveys. This raises questions about changes in underlying risk and protective factors that can inform future intervention strategies. Population data were collected from 1995 to 2019 in three waves of the Young-HUNT studies in Norway to map decennial trends in the prevalence of established risk factors for, and their associations with, adolescent mental health problems. All adolescents (aged 13-19 years) attending lower and upper secondary school in the county of Trøndelag were invited, representing three historical cohorts of 25,245 unique adolescents. Mental health problems (HSCL-5) and established mental health risk factors were self-reported. Using a generalized linear model and linear regression, we calculated changes in relative and absolute differences between risk factors and mental health problems. Overall, the prevalence of established risk factors for mental health problems in adolescence increased markedly between 1995 and 2019, especially in girls. Prominent increases were observed for fatigue, bullying, musculoskeletal pain and migraine, loneliness, and overweight. Furthermore, with the exception of excess alcohol use and family economy, associations between each risk factor and adolescent mental health problems strengthened over the same time span in girls, but less among boys. Our findings suggest that several modifiable risk factors for poor mental health in adolescence are increasing, especially among girls, and should be targeted in community, school, and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Austheim Krokstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway.
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Erik Sund
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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van Hagen CCE, Huiberts AJ, Mutubuki EN, de Melker HE, Vos ERA, van de Wijgert JHHM, van den Hof S, Knol MJ, van Hoek AJ. Health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: The impact of restrictive measures using data from two Dutch population-based cohort studies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300324. [PMID: 38498510 PMCID: PMC10947685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general Dutch population and correlations with restrictive measures. METHODS Data were obtained from 18-85 year-old participants of two population-based cohort studies (February 2021-July 2022): PIENTER Corona (n = 8,019) and VASCO (n = 45,413). Per cohort, mean scores of mental and physical health and health utility from the SF-12 were calculated by age group, sex and presence of a medical risk condition. Spearman correlations with stringency of measures were calculated. RESULTS Both cohorts showed comparable results. Participants <30 years had lowest health utility and mental health score, and highest physical health score. Health utility and mental health score increased with age (up to 79 years), while physical health score decreased with age. Women and participants with a medical risk condition scored lower than their counterparts. Fluctuations were small over time but most pronounced among participants <60 years, and correlated weakly, but mostly positively with measure stringency. CONCLUSIONS During the Dutch COVID-19 epidemic, health utility and mental health scores were lower and fluctuated strongest among young adults compared to older adults. In our study population, age, sex and presence of a medical risk condition seemed to have more impact on health scores than stringency of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne C. E. van Hagen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Huiberts
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth N. Mutubuki
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hester E. de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eric R. A. Vos
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan van den Hof
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Jan van Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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11
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Bala J, Newson JJ, Thiagarajan TC. Hierarchy of demographic and social determinants of mental health: analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the Global Mind Project. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075095. [PMID: 38490653 PMCID: PMC10946366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which various demographic and social determinants predict mental health status and their relative hierarchy of predictive power in order to prioritise and develop population-based preventative approaches. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SETTING Internet-based survey from 32 countries across North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Australia, collected between April 2020 and December 2021. PARTICIPANTS 270 000 adults aged 18-85+ years who participated in the Global Mind Project. OUTCOME MEASURES We used 120+ demographic and social determinants to predict aggregate mental health status and scores of individuals (mental health quotient (MHQ)) and determine their relative predictive influence using various machine learning models including gradient boosting and random forest classification for various demographic stratifications by age, gender, geographical region and language. Outcomes reported include model performance metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 scores and importance of individual factors determined by reduction in the squared error attributable to that factor. RESULTS Across all demographic classification models, 80% of those with negative MHQs were correctly identified, while regression models predicted specific MHQ scores within ±15% of the position on the scale. Predictions were higher for older ages (0.9+ accuracy, 0.9+ F1 Score; 65+ years) and poorer for younger ages (0.68 accuracy, 0.68 F1 Score; 18-24 years). Across all age groups, genders, regions and language groups, lack of social interaction and sufficient sleep were several times more important than all other factors. For younger ages (18-24 years), other highly predictive factors included cyberbullying and sexual abuse while not being able to work was high for ages 45-54 years. CONCLUSION Social determinants of traumas, adversities and lifestyle can account for 60%-90% of mental health challenges. However, additional factors are at play, particularly for younger ages, that are not included in these data and need further investigation.
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Fagereng E, Lidal IB, Larsen KL, Løvstad M, Rekand T, Hauger SL. Cognition and emotional distress in middle-aged and older adults with spina bifida myelomeningocele. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298891. [PMID: 38422087 PMCID: PMC10903919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate cognitive functioning and emotional distress in adults aged 55 to 68 years old with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), both with and without hydrocephalus. A secondary aim was to explore the associations between psychosocial factors in relation to emotional distress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of eleven females and eight males with SBM, five with and twelve without hydrocephalus. Cognitive functioning was investigated with neuropsychological tests and self-report measures. Furthermore, participants completed questionnaires regarding resilience, access to social support, coping, and emotional distress. Descriptive statistics were applied, and Spearman Rho correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships between psychosocial factors and emotional distress. RESULTS Eleven exhibited normal cognitive functioning. An observed difference was seen between participants with and without hydrocephalus, where six and five persons reported clinical levels of depression and anxiety, respectively. Positive perceptions of self and future were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION This study adds important information about cognitive functioning and emotional distress in an understudied population. The results indicated normal cognitive functioning in adults aged 55 to 68 years with SBM without hydrocephalus. Prevalence of emotional distress was comparable with previous studies of younger adults with SBM. There is a need for longitudinal studies investigating cognition and psychological health to fully capture important aspects of the life course of SBM with and without hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fagereng
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Beate Lidal
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
| | - Kerstin Lundberg Larsen
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiina Rekand
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Lægreid Hauger
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemyr, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Potrebny T, Nilsen SA, Bakken A, von Soest T, Kvaløy K, Samdal O, Sivertsen B, Aase H, Bang L. Secular trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway: a review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4. [PMID: 38363391 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing concern that the mental health of recent generations of youth is deteriorating, yet the etiology of these secular changes is not fully understood. We aimed to review the evidence on trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway. Seven large-scale repeated cross-sectional studies were included in this study, comprising 35 cross-sectional data collections between 1992 and 2019, with a total sample of 776,606 young people. Our study found a clear increase in mental health problems among young females in Norway over the past few decades, while the trends were less marked for males. The proportion of individuals scoring above the problematic symptom score threshold increased on average by 11.2% (range 2.2% to 21.9%) for females and 5.2% (range - 0.9% to 11.1%) for males, based on data from the individual studies. The results from a meta-regression analysis showed that across all surveys, mean symptom scores increased by 17% (95% CI 12 to 21%) among females and 5% (95% CI 1 to 9%) among males from 1992 to 2019. Overall, mental health problems have increased continually since the early 1990s among young people, especially among young females. The cause of these secular changes remains unknown but likely reflect the interplay of several factors at the individual and societal level.Protocol registration: Open science framework, November 8, 2021 ( https://osf.io/g7w3v ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Potrebny
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Bang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kjeld SG, Homberg T, Andersen S. Relationship between smoking and mental health in educational settings with high smoking rates: a cohort study among Danish youth. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241227305. [PMID: 38342989 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241227305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and poor mental health in youth represent important public health priorities. This study aimed to (i) compare tobacco-related behaviors and mental health in two educational settings with high smoking rates: vocational education and training (VET) schools and preparatory basic education (PBE) schools, and (ii) examine associations between smoking at school start and mental health 5 months later. METHODS Data were obtained from baseline (N = 1843) and follow-up (N = 1039) assessments conducted as part of a school-based trial in two rounds (baseline in August 2018 and August 2019). Students' characteristics were presented by adjusted prevalences. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between smoking and measures of mental health: school-related well-being, overall loneliness, and stress. RESULTS More PBE students than VET students reported daily smoking (40% vs. 27%), nicotine dependence, perceived benefits of smoking (e.g., stress reduction: 41% vs. 33%), low smoking-related self-efficacy (e.g., ability to resist smoking if offered by a friend: 20% vs. 32%), school-related loneliness, and low school connectedness (25% vs. 11%). Daily smokers at VET and PBE schools had lower odds of school-related loneliness (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.74) and higher odds of stress (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.00-3.80). Smoking was associated with better classmate relations in VET schools but not in PBE schools. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that students in PBE schools constitute a more vulnerable group in terms of smoking and mental health compared with students in VET schools. Smoking seemed to prevent loneliness in school but was associated with heightened stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G Kjeld
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Goll CB, Sørlie T, Friborg O, Ottosen KO, Sæle RG. Poorer self-reported mental health and general health among first year upper secondary school students do not predict school dropout: a five-year prospective study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1304314. [PMID: 38440235 PMCID: PMC10911125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1304314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Education is important for socioeconomic, work and health status; thus, dropping out of secondary school is of major concern. In Norway, 1 out of 5 is dropping out from upper secondary education. Academic performance is a known predictor for dropout, but the role of mental and general health status is studied less. Methods By use of student data collected during the first school year we examined the accumulated risk of school dropout over 5 years. Students entering upper secondary school in a North-Norwegian region (Troms County) completed a comprehensive questionnaire during August 2010 (N = 1,676, 69% response rate). The contribution of mental and general health problems in predicting five-year dropout was of primary interest, adjusted for demographics and academic performance. Results One-third of the students had dropped out after 5 years. A logistic regression analysis showed no significant effect of mental and general health problems on dropout. Among the covariates, higher grades from lower secondary education reduced the chance of dropping out (OR = 0.31; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that students in the vocational track reported poorer mental and general health, compared to students in the general track, but this difference was not related to dropout. General track students were also less likely to drop out than vocational track students (OR for dropout 0.66; p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, lower grades from lower secondary education represented a warning flag for school dropout during upper secondary education whereas mental health issues were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bjørnskov Goll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Sørlie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl Ottar Ottosen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rannveig Grøm Sæle
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Rangul V, Holmen TL, Langhammer A, Ingul JM, Pape K, Fenstad JS, Kvaløy K. Cohort Profile Update: The Young-HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae013. [PMID: 38302751 PMCID: PMC10834360 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jo Magne Ingul
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty and Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørn Søberg Fenstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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17
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Luo H, Zhang X, Su S, Zhang M, Yin M, Feng S, Peng R, Li H. Using structural equation modeling to explore the influences of physical activity, mental health, well-being, and loneliness on Douyin usage at bedtime. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1306206. [PMID: 38249365 PMCID: PMC10796731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1306206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Douyin is the Chinese version of TikTok. Using Douyin at bedtime is a very common behavior among Douyin users. However, the reasons why users like using Douyin before sleep are yet unclear. We conducted a cross-section survey from January 1st to January 16th, 2023 to capture data to examine the associations of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, well-being, loneliness, and physical activity with Douyin usage at bedtime. The mediation role of insomnia in these associations was examined. A total of 3,392 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included for analysis. Our structural equation modeling analysis showed that depression on (β = 0.08; p < 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.06; p < 0.05), and loneliness (β = 0.14; p < 0.05) were directly associated with increased Douyin usage at bedtime, and were also indirectly associated with Douyin usage through insomnia (depression: β = 0.18; p < 0.05, anxiety: β = 0.16; p < 0.05, and loneliness: β = 0.12; p < 0.05). Life satisfaction (β = -0.05; p < 0.05) and well-being (β = -0.20; p < 0.05) were directly associated with decreased Douyin usage at bedtime, and were also indirectly associated with Douyin usage through insomnia (life satisfaction: β = -0.09; p < 0.05, and well-being: β = -0.11; p < 0.05). However, physical activity was unexpectedly associated with increased Douyin usage at bedtime (β = 0.20; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the specific reasons why Douyin users like using Douyin at bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Luo
- School of Physical Education, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Songpeng Su
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rui Peng
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Sigmundsson H, Hauge H. I CAN Intervention to Increase Grit and Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2023; 14:33. [PMID: 38248248 PMCID: PMC10813140 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in increasing motivational factors within the domain of psychology. Among these factors, Grit, Mindset, Self-Efficacy, and Well-Being (Flourishing) have been suggested to play an important role in individuals' performance and Well-Being. Thus, cultivating these factors in the general population is important. Previous interventions have displayed substantial effects in certain areas. However, these interventions have primarily been Mindset oriented. This paper presents a novel intervention approach by also emphasizing the importance of brain development; the importance of stimuli for building a network in the brain; the importance of repetition for strengthening the network; and the importance of perseverance and deliberate practice for achievement. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a 35-40 min online intervention to increase the beliefs of 'I CAN' for 38 university students in Norway. The mean age of the 38 participants was 22.55 (SD = 1.59) and they completed a pre-test assessment of the Grit-S Scale, Theories of Intelligence Scale (Mindset), General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Flourishing Scale (Well-Being). This was followed up by the novel intervention and finally a post-test of the scales eight weeks later. The results showed an increase in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Well-Being. However, only Grit displayed a significant increase. We aimed at creating an intervention where the participants would "turn on the switch", meaning that they develop stronger beliefs. These promising results warrant a further development of the intervention, and studies with a larger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermundur Sigmundsson
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Research Center for Education and Mindset, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Håvard Hauge
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Lien L, Bonsaksen T, Holte Stea T, Kleppang AL, Steigen AM, Leonhardt M. Time trends in self-reported depressive symptoms, prescription of antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics and the emergence of social media among Norwegian adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295384. [PMID: 38150420 PMCID: PMC10752533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender-specific trends in a) symptoms of depression and loneliness, and b) prescription of antidepressants, hypnotics and sedatives, in relation to the emergence of social media among adolescents in Norway. METHODS This is an ecological study using data from the 'Young in Oslo' surveys from 1996 to 2021. The surveys included approximately 110 000 students, 14-17 years of age, and yielded a response rate varying from 95% in 1996 to 64% in 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms of depression and loneliness. Information on antidepressant and sleep medication prescription was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the age group 15 to 19 years. A graphical approach and logistic regression models were used to examine gender-specific time-trends between 1996 to 2021. RESULTS We found a doubling in self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness among girls between 1996 and 2021, with the steepest increase in the period from 2006 to 2012, when Facebook and other social media were introduced. A similar trend was observed in the prescription of antidepressants among girls, with the steepest increase between 2011 and 2013. Among both boys and girls, 'worried too much about things' and 'had sleep problems' were the two symptoms with the greatest changes. CONCLUSION A significant upward trend in self-reported depressive symptoms and medication use was observed over the past 25 years, with variations in the rate of increase, including a steeper trajectory during certain periods immediately after the introduction of social media platforms in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lien
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tonje Holte Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Steigen
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Marja Leonhardt
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Wahlberg K, Pape K, Austad B, Vie GÅ. Use of general practitioner services among youth and young adults in Norway from 2006 to 2021. Scand J Prim Health Care 2023; 41:505-515. [PMID: 37966167 PMCID: PMC11001332 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2280045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and content of contacts with general practitioners (GPs) among youth and young adults by sex, age and time, emphasizing mental health, sexual health and respiratory tract infections. DESIGN Registry-based population-wide cohort study. SETTING General practice in Norway 2006-2021. SUBJECTS Norwegian residents aged 13-25 within the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Contacts with GPs and out-of-hours services, including type of contact, specific procedures and diagnoses. RESULTS Average number of GP consultations increased over the study period for all age groups. Conversation therapy and time-consuming consultations increased over time, while chlamydia testing and contraceptive guidance decreased among young women. Consultations with mental health diagnoses increased substantially over the study period for all age groups. Use of GP and out-of-hours services increased with age, with a peak at the end of upper secondary school. Youth more often met their own regular GP when consulting for mental health diagnoses than for respiratory tract infections. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the continuing trend of increasing use of general practice services among youth, with an increase in conversation therapy and consultations with mental health diagnoses. Procedures related to sexual health became less common. Youth usually meet their regular GP for consultations, in particular those whose diagnosis indicates the highest need of continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Wahlberg
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Austad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- General practice research unit, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnhild Åberge Vie
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- General practice research unit, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Parlikar N, Kvaløy K, Strand LB, Espnes GA, Moksnes UK. Loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population: prevalence trends and relations to mental and self-rated health. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 38037032 PMCID: PMC10688064 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness has become a significant public health problem and should be addressed with more research over a broader period. This study investigates the variations in the prevalence of loneliness among a nationally representative study population of Norwegian adolescents over the last three decades and whether age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress are associated with these changes. METHODS Adolescents aged 13-19 years completed the structured and validated questionnaires from the three waves of the Young-HUNT Study: 1995-1997, 2006-2008, and 2017-2019. Loneliness was measured with one item asking, 'Are you lonely?'. Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 was used to measure mental distress (cut-off ≥ 2). Self-rated health was assessed by a single question 'How is your health at the moment?' Measures were provided by self-report. Descriptive analyses were stratified by age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress. Linear-by-Linear association test across survey years was performed to test time trends of loneliness. Logistic regression was used to analyze the cross-sectional associations of self-rated health and mental distress with loneliness, adjusting for sociodemographic factors in all three waves of Young-HUNT. RESULTS Loneliness prevalence doubled from 5.9% in 1995/97 to 10.2% in 2017/19 in the total population sample. The highest loneliness prevalence and an increase from 8.9% in 1995/97 to 16.7% in 2017/19 was observed in girls of 16-19 years. Among mentally distressed adolescents, loneliness increased from 22.3% in 1995/97 to 32.8% in 2006/08 and lowered to 27% in 2017/19. Increasing loneliness prevalence was seen in those with poor self-rated health, i.e., 14.6% in 1995-97 and 26.6% in 2017-19. Mental distress and poor self-rated health were associated with higher odds of loneliness in each wave (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results highlight the increasing burden of loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population, especially girls. Those with mental distress and poor self-rated health have a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. Thus, health-promoting upbringing environments for children and adolescents that support mutual affinity, social support, integration, and belongingness in adolescents' daily arenas are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Parlikar
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Arild Espnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Karin Moksnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Kaltiala R, Holttinen T, Tuisku K. Have the psychiatric needs of people seeking gender reassignment changed as their numbers increase? A register study in Finland. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e93. [PMID: 37929300 PMCID: PMC10755572 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people seeking gender reassignment (GR) has increased everywhere and these increases particularly concern adolescents and emerging adults with female sex. It is not known whether the psychiatric needs of this population have changed alongside the demographic changes. METHODS A register-based follow-up study of individuals who contacted the nationally centralized gender identity services (GIS) in Finland in 1996-2019 (gender dysphoria [GD] group, n = 3665), and 8:1 age and sex-matched population controls (n = 29,292). The year of contacting the GIS was categorized to 5-year intervals (index periods). Psychiatric needs were assessed by specialist-level psychiatric treatment contacts in the Finnish Care Register for Hospital Care in 1994-2019. RESULTS The GD group had received many times more specialist-level psychiatric treatment both before and after contacting specialized GIS than had their matched controls. A marked increase over time in psychiatric needs was observed. Among the GD group, relative risk for psychiatric needs after contacting GIS increased from 3.3 among those with the first appointment in GIS during 1996-2000 to 4.6 when the first appointment in GIS was in 2016-2019. When index period and psychiatric treatment before contacting GIS were accounted for, GR patients who had and who had not proceeded to medical GR had an equal risk compared to controls of needing subsequent psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSION Contacting specialized GIS is on the increase and occurs at ever younger ages and with more psychiatric needs. Manifold psychiatric needs persist regardless of medical GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Timo Holttinen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katinka Tuisku
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Aasan BEV, Lillefjell M, Krokstad S, Sund ER. Trends in social inequality and how mental wellbeing vary and covary among Norwegian adolescents and their families: the Young-HUNT Study. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948231172634. [PMID: 37776173 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231172634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study had two aims: first, to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in psychological distress and loneliness among Norwegian adolescents, and second, to study variation and covariation of psychological distress and loneliness within adolescents and between siblings within families. METHODS Multivariate mixed models were used to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress and loneliness using three separate cohorts of Norwegian adolescents from the Young-HUNT study conducted in 1995-1997 (Young-HUNT1, n = 8980), 2006-2008 (Young-HUNT3, n = 8199) and 2017-2019 (Young-HUNT4, n = 8066). Register data on parental education level was used as a marker of socioeconomic position (SEP), and a unique family number was used to identify adolescents belonging to the same family. A three-level multivariate mixed model was created, consisting of the outcomes at level 1, adolescents at level 2 and families at level 3. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in scores on loneliness and psychological distress was observed between low and high parental education level in Young-HUNT1, whereas in Young-HUNT4, low parental education level was associated with a higher score on both psychological distress (β = 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03-0.14) and loneliness (β = 0.12; 95% CI 0.07-0.17). Analyses of covariation between psychological distress and loneliness showed that they were correlated within adolescents and strongly correlated within families across all timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Increasing socioeconomic inequalities in psychological distress and loneliness among Norwegian adolescents is worrisome. Further, the family seems to be an important arena for potential prevention of psychological distress and loneliness among adolescents, regardless of parental education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Elisabeth Valstad Aasan
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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Zhong J, Liu X, Chen L, Li K, Hu Q, Wu K, Zhou J, Shi Y, Fan H. Simultaneous separation and determination of several chiral antidepressants and their enantiomers in wastewater by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115302. [PMID: 37506440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous separation and detection of the racemates and the enantiomers of common chiral antidepressants in wastewater matrix was developed by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE). Screening of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and chromatographic conditions was investigated for complete enantioseparation to be compatible with RP-HPLC in 1st D-LC. Using methanol-0.1 % (v/v) ammonia solution as mobile phase, a 2D-LC system was configured by reversed mode with a combination of C18 column and the serially CPS columns as 2D-LC stationary phases respectively. The target analytes could achieve satisfactory transformation between 2D-LCs with transfer rate of 90.57-98.58 %. By means of freeze-drying and SPE, three antidepressants in wastewater were greatly preconcentrated under the optimized conditions, improving the method performance. The racemates and the enantiomers of mirtazapine, bupropion and fluoxetine exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.10-30.00 ng/mL (R2≥0.9986), and LODs and LOQs ranged in 0.0183-0.0549 ng/mL and 0.0661-0.1831 ng/mL, respectively. By this way, the method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of the racemates and the enantiomers of mirtazapine, bupropion and fluoxetine in wastewater samples. Among them, three samples contained bupropion at level of 0.401-0.822 ng/mL, and mirtazapine at level of 0.328 and fluoxetine at level of 0.381 ng/mL were detected respectively in the other two samples. The enantiomers were at level of 0.140-0.189 ng/mL for mirtazapine, 0.182-0.419 ng/mL for bupropion and 0.179-0.204 ng/mL for fluoxetine, respectively. The proposed method providing an efficient approach to monitoring chiral drugs and their enantiomers in wastewater, facilitating to pollution assessment of chiral drugs in the environment and regional survey of illicit abuse in drug control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Linzhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Kan Li
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Qingkun Hu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jidan Zhou
- Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Yuesen Shi
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China.
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25
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Kristensen SM, Larsen TMB, Urke HB, Danielsen AG. Academic Stress, Academic Self-efficacy, and Psychological Distress: A Moderated Mediation of Within-person Effects. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1512-1529. [PMID: 36995523 PMCID: PMC10175374 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has largely failed to separate the between- and within-person effects in the longitudinal associations between academic stress, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression). Filling this research gap, this study investigated if academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress at the intraindividual level during 3 years of upper secondary school. Gender moderation was also examined in the hypothesised model. The present sample consisted of 1508 Norwegian adolescents (baseline M age = 16.42; 52.9% high perceived family wealth; 70.6% Norwegian-born). The random intercept cross-lagged panel model results indicated (1) positive and time-invariant direct effects from academic stress to psychological distress, (2) academic self-efficacy partially mediated these effects, and (3) psychological distress impacted later academic stress. Academic stress was more strongly related to academic self-efficacy and psychological distress at the interpersonal level for boys, while the intraindividual impact of academic stress on psychological distress was stronger for girls. The study findings might have implications for school-based implementation strategies and theoretical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Bjørnøy Urke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Hagen I, Skjelstad S, Nayar US. Promoting mental health and wellbeing in schools: the impact of yoga on young people's relaxation and stress levels. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1083028. [PMID: 37265958 PMCID: PMC10229855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine students' experiences with yoga interventions in school. The findings revealed that practicing yoga made young people more aware of their need to relax and positively impacted their mental health and wellbeing. We explored the emphasis on relaxation among our study participants and how relaxation is related to other aspects, such as their experience of stress and sleep habits. This article is based on qualitative data gathered from teenagers in Norway who participated in the Norwegian part of the European research project "Hippocampus: Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing among Young People through Yoga." The project introduced yoga to young people in schools with an emphasis on those who were disadvantaged, including those with mental health issues and other challenges related to their background. Data were collected from nine individual, semi-structured interviews and 133 logs collected in the spring of 2019. The major themes identified through the interviews and log material included becoming more relaxed and aware of the need to unwind. Thus, the focus on relaxation is based on the importance of the participants assigned to this theme. The study results suggest that yoga enhanced the students' awareness and skills and empowered them to make healthier lifestyle choices. We viewed the importance of relaxation from a salutogenic perspective, focusing on the factors that contribute to good health in contrast to a pathogenic perspective, where curing diseases is the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solbjørg Skjelstad
- Stabilisati Counseling Service, Psychological Counseling, Yoga and Meditation Guidance, Levanger, Norway
| | - Usha Sidana Nayar
- Department of Psychology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India
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27
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Moksnes UK, Innstrand ST, Lazarewicz M, Espnes GA. The Role of Stress Experience and Demographic Factors for Satisfaction with Life in Norwegian Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Trends over a Ten-Year Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1940. [PMID: 36767303 PMCID: PMC9915863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The individual's perception of life satisfaction (LS) is regarded as a key indicator of one's overall experience of wellbeing, sensitive to the broad spectrum of functioning. Adolescence is particularly an important period for assessing LS and factors associating with LS. The present study investigated cross-sectional trends in adolescents' LS levels across three time points over a 10-year period, as well as the role of stress experience and socio-demographic differences in association with LS. METHODS The study used cross-sectional data from three time points: 2011 (n = 1239), 2016 (n = 1233), and 2022 (n =311), including adolescents from lower and upper secondary public schools, with an age range of 13-20 years. RESULTS There were relatively high and stable mean scores on LS across all time points; however, significant differences were found between 2011 and 2016. Results from the multivariate linear regression analysis showed that sex and age were moreover weakly associated with LS, where LS decreased slightly between the ages of 13 and 18 years and increased from 19 to 20 years. Of the stress domains, interpersonal and school-related stressors showed the strongest negative and significant association with LS; significant interaction effects of sex by stress domains were found, but not with sex by time. CONCLUSION This study supports the relatively high and stable level of LS in adolescents across the investigated time points. Demographic factors were moreover weakly associated with LS. The findings also contribute by showing the significant role of interpersonal and school-related stressors in association with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. K. Moksnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - S. T. Innstrand
- Department of Psychology, NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - M. Lazarewicz
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. A. Espnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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28
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Bersia M, Koumantakis E, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Ricotti A, Grimaldi P, Dalmasso P, Comoretto RI. Suicide spectrum among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101705. [PMID: 36338787 PMCID: PMC9621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are concerns that suicidal behaviors are arising among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic could have worsened the picture, however, studies on this topic reported contrasting results. This work aimed to summarise findings from the worldwide emerging literature on the rates of suicidality among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, searching five electronic databases for studies published from January 1, 2020 until July 27, 2022. Studies reporting rates for each of the three considered outcomes (suicide, suicidal behaviors, and suicidal ideation) among young people under 19 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the intra-study risk of bias was assessed. When pre-COVID-19 data were available, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were calculated between the two periods. All the analyses were performed according to the setting explored: general population, emergency department (ED), and psychiatric services. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308014). FINDINGS Forty-seven observational studies were selected for more than 65 million subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled annual incidence rate of suicides of 4.9 cases/100,000 during 2020, accounting for a non-statistically significant increase of 10% compared to 2019 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94-1.29). The suicidal behaviors pooled prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the psychiatric setting (25%; 95% CI: 17-36%) than in the general population (3%; 1-13%) and ED (1%; 0-9%). The pooled rate of suicidal ideation was 17% in the general population (11-25%), 36% in psychiatric setting (20-56%) and 2% in ED (0-12%). The heterogeneity level was over 97% for both outcomes in all settings considered. The comparison between before and during COVID-19 periods highlighted a non-statistically significant upward trend in suicidal behaviors among the general population and in ED setting. The only significant increase was found for suicidal ideation in psychiatric setting among studies conducted in 2021 (PR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27), not observed exploring 2020 alone. INTERPRETATION During the pandemic, suicide spectrum issues seemed to follow the known pattern described in previous studies, with higher rates of suicidal ideation than of suicidal behaviors and suicide events. Governments and other stakeholders should be mindful that youth may have unique risks at the outset of large disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic and proactive steps are necessary to address the needs of youth to mitigate those risks. FUNDING The present study was funded by the University of Torino (CHAL_RILO_21_01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andrea Ricotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Piercesare Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna I. Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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29
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Krokstad S, Sund ER, Kvaløy K, Rangul V, Næss M. HUNT for better public health. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:968-971. [PMID: 36113104 PMCID: PMC9578099 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) has collected population data through comprehensive decennial surveys over the last four decades and has so far collected data from 240,000 participants. The participants are identified with the unique Norwegian birth number, which enables them to be followed throughout different life stages, from survey to survey, and to endpoint measures in Norwegian national health registers without attrition bias. Methods: The study design of HUNT offers several advantages: it provides an overview of the public health development in the population over decades, the data can be used in health services research, clinical epidemiology, studies of causation, trajectories, and consequences of diseases, and to study gene × environment interactions. Results: HUNT data have shown major shifts in public health trends, such as decreasing mean blood pressure and resting heart rate among adults, increasing prevalence of obesity, geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in health, increasing mental health distress among adolescents and young adults with an opposite development among the elderly. Data from HUNT have been used in several major international research projects, where data harmonization with several other population cohorts internationally has been done. HUNT has placed great emphasis on safeguarding research ethics, privacy, and data security. The Norwegian authorities established national regulations for the surveys from the time General Data Protection Regulation was introduced in 2018. Conclusions: Researchers can apply for HUNT data access from HUNT Research Centre provided they have obtained project approval from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics. Researchers not affiliated to a Norwegian research institution must collaborate with and apply through a Norwegian principal investigator. Information on the application and conditions for data access is available at www.ntnu.edu/hunt/data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R. Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marit Næss
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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