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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Lv J, Li M, Feng N. The gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide: Its important role in cancer and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117031. [PMID: 38925016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding body of research indicates a correlation between the gut microbiota and various diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota act as mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, interacting with multiple systems in the human body to regulate physiological or pathological functions. However, further investigation is still required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. One such metabolite involved in choline metabolism by gut microbes is trimethylamine (TMA), which can traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier and enter the bloodstream, ultimately reaching the liver where it undergoes oxidation catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). While some TMAO is eliminated through renal excretion, remaining amounts circulate in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial stress, and disruption of normal physiological functions in humans. As a representative microbial metabolite originating from the gut, TMAO has significant potential both as a biomarker for monitoring disease occurrence and progression and for tailoring personalized treatment strategies for patients. This review provides an extensive overview of TMAO sources and its metabolism in human blood, as well as its impact on several major human diseases. Additionally, we explore the latest research areas related to TMAO along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Shengkai Jin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China; Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
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Naghipour S, Cox AJ, Fisher JJ, Plan M, Stark T, West N, Peart JN, Headrick JP, Du Toit EF. Circulating TMAO, the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic disease risk: an exploration in key precursor disorders. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:133. [PMID: 38886825 PMCID: PMC11181661 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevations in the gut metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Whether elevated TMAO levels reflect early mechanistic involvement or a sequela of evolving disease awaits elucidation. The purpose of this study was to further explore these potential associations. METHODS We investigated relationships between circulating levels of TMAO and its pre-cursor substrates, dietary factors, gut microbiome profiles and disease risk in individuals with a Healthy BMI (18.5 < BMI < 25, n = 41) or key precursor states for cardiometabolic disease: Overweight (25 < BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 33), Obese (BMI > 30, n = 27) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS; ≥ 3 ATPIII report criteria, n = 39). RESULTS Unexpectedly, plasma [TMAO] did not vary substantially between groups (means of 3-4 µM; p > 0.05), although carnitine was elevated in participants with MetS. Gut microbial diversity and Firmicutes were also significantly reduced in the MetS group (p < 0.05). Exploratory analysis across diverse parameters reveals significant correlations between circulating [TMAO] and seafood intake (p = 0.007), gut microbial diversity (p = 0.017-0.048), and plasma [trimethylamine] (TMA; p = 0.001). No associations were evident with anthropometric parameters or cardiometabolic disease risk. Most variance in [TMAO] within and between groups remained unexplained. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that circulating [TMAO] may be significantly linked to seafood intake, levels of TMA substrate and gut microbial diversity across healthy and early disease phenotypes. However, mean concentrations remain < 5 µM, with little evidence of links between TMAO and cardiometabolic disease risk. These observations suggest circulating TMAO may not participate mechanistically in cardiometabolic disease development, with later elevations likely a detrimental sequela of extant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Naghipour
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Manuel Plan
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Metabolomics Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Terra Stark
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nic West
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia.
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Andreu‐Sánchez S, Ahmad S, Kurilshikov A, Beekman M, Ghanbari M, van Faassen M, van den Munckhof ICL, Steur M, Harms A, Hankemeier T, Ikram MA, Kavousi M, Voortman T, Kraaij R, Netea MG, Rutten JHW, Riksen NP, Zhernakova A, Kuipers F, Slagboom PE, van Duijn CM, Fu J, Vojinovic D. Unraveling interindividual variation of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors at the population level. IMETA 2024; 3:e183. [PMID: 38898991 PMCID: PMC11183189 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a circulating microbiome-derived metabolite implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether plasma levels of TMAO, its precursors (betaine, carnitine, deoxycarnitine, choline), and TMAO-to-precursor ratios are associated with clinical outcomes, including CVD and mortality. This was followed by an in-depth analysis of their genetic, gut microbial, and dietary determinants. The analyses were conducted in five Dutch prospective cohort studies including 7834 individuals. To further investigate association results, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was also explored. We found only plasma choline levels (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, [95% CI 1.07; 1.28]) and not TMAO to be associated with CVD risk. Our association analyses uncovered 10 genome-wide significant loci, including novel genomic regions for betaine (6p21.1, 6q25.3), choline (2q34, 5q31.1), and deoxycarnitine (10q21.2, 11p14.2) comprising several metabolic gene associations, for example, CPS1 or PEMT. Furthermore, our analyses uncovered 68 gut microbiota associations, mainly related to TMAO-to-precursors ratios and the Ruminococcaceae family, and 16 associations of food groups and metabolites including fish-TMAO, meat-carnitine, and plant-based food-betaine associations. No significant association was identified by the MR approach. Our analyses provide novel insights into the TMAO pathway, its determinants, and pathophysiological impact on the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andreu‐Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolomics & Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data SciencesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherland
| | - Inge C. L. van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marinka Steur
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Metabolomics & Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics & Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost H. W. Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherland
- European Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data SciencesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dina Vojinovic
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data SciencesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Smith CB, Gao A, Bravo P, Alam A. Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Campylobacter jejuni Infection by Escalating Intestinal Inflammation, Epithelial Damage, and Barrier Disruption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588895. [PMID: 38645062 PMCID: PMC11030326 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between Campylobacter jejuni , a critical foodborne cause of gastroenteritis, and the intestinal microbiota during infection are not completely understood. The crosstalk between C. jejuni and its host is impacted by the gut microbiota through mechanisms of competitive exclusion, microbial metabolites, or immune response. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on C. jejuni pathogenesis, we examined campylobacteriosis in the IL10KO mouse model, which was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal proteobacteria, E. coli , and inflammatory cytokines during C. jejuni infection. We also found a significantly increased abundance of microbial metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in the colonic lumens of IL10KO mice. We further investigated the effects of TMAO on C. jejuni pathogenesis. We determined that C. jejuni senses TMAO as a chemoattractant and the administration of TMAO promotes C. jejuni invasion into Caco-2 monolayers. TMAO also increased the transmigration of C. jejuni across polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells, decreased TEER, and increased C. jejuni -mediated intestinal barrier damage. Interestingly, TMAO treatment and presence during C. jejuni infection of Caco-2 cells synergistically caused an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically IL-1β and IL-8. These results establish that C. jejuni utilizes microbial metabolite TMAO for increased virulence during infection.
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Zhang W, Qin X, Zhang K, Ma J, Li M, Jin G, Liu X, Wang S, Wang B, Wu J, Liu T, Zhong W, Cao H. Microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide induces intestinal carcinogenesis through inhibiting farnesoid X receptor signaling. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00920-2. [PMID: 38315283 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbial dysbiosis is considered as a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite has recently been implicated in CRC development. Nevertheless, evidence relating TMAO to intestinal carcinogenesis remains largely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to examine the crucial role of TMAO in CRC progression. METHODS Apcmin/+ mice were treated with TMAO or sterile PBS for 14 weeks. Intestinal tissues were isolated to evaluate the effects of TMAO on the malignant transformation of intestinal adenoma. The gut microbiota of mouse feces was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. HCT-116 cells were used to provide further evidence of TMAO on the progression of CRC. RESULTS TMAO administration increased tumor cell and stem cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis, accompanied by DNA damage and gut barrier impairment. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that TMAO induced changes in the intestinal microbial community structure, manifested as reduced beneficial bacteria. Mechanistically, TMAO bound to farnesoid X receptor (FXR), thereby inhibiting the FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) axis and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereas the FXR agonist GW4064 could blunt TMAO-induced Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. CONCLUSION The microbial metabolite TMAO can enhance intestinal carcinogenesis by inhibiting the FXR-FGF15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiali Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Maksymiuk KM, Szudzik M, Samborowska E, Chabowski D, Konop M, Ufnal M. Mice, rats, and guinea pigs differ in FMOs expression and tissue concentration of TMAO, a gut bacteria-derived biomarker of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297474. [PMID: 38266015 PMCID: PMC10807837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased plasma trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is observed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, originating from the gut microbiota product, trimethylamine (TMA), via flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs)-dependent oxidation. Numerous studies have investigated the association between plasma TMAO and various pathologies, yet limited knowledge exists regarding tissue concentrations of TMAO, TMAO precursors, and interspecies variability. METHODS Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate tissue concentrations of TMAO and its precursors in adult male mice, rats, and guinea pigs. FMO mRNA and protein levels were assessed through PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Plasma TMAO levels were similar among the studied species. However, significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMAO were observed between mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The rat renal medulla exhibited the highest TMAO concentration, while the lowest was found in the mouse liver. Mice demonstrated significantly higher plasma TMA concentrations compared to rats and guinea pigs, with the highest TMA concentration found in the mouse renal medulla and the lowest in the rat lungs. FMO5 exhibited the highest expression in mouse liver, while FMO3 was highly expressed in rats. Guinea pigs displayed low expression of FMOs in this tissue. CONCLUSION Despite similar plasma TMAO levels, mice, rats, and guinea pigs exhibited significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMA, TMAO, and FMO expression. These interspecies variations should be considered in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. Furthermore, these findings may suggest a diverse importance of the TMAO pathway in the physiology of the evaluated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia M. Maksymiuk
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Gao K, Wang PX, Mei X, Yang T, Yu K. Untapped potential of gut microbiome for hypertension management. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356278. [PMID: 38825779 PMCID: PMC11152106 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been shown to be associated with a range of illnesses and disorders, including hypertension, which is recognized as the primary factor contributing to the development of serious cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the progression of the research domain pertaining to gut microbiota and hypertension. Our primary emphasis was on the interplay between gut microbiota and blood pressure that are mediated by host and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Additionally, we elaborate the reciprocal communication between gut microbiota and antihypertensive drugs, and its influence on the blood pressure of the host. The field of computer science has seen rapid progress with its great potential in the application in biomedical sciences, we prompt an exploration of the use of microbiome databases and artificial intelligence in the realm of high blood pressure prediction and prevention. We propose the use of gut microbiota as potential biomarkers in the context of hypertension prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Xiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchang, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Dimina L, Tremblay-Franco M, Deveaux A, Tardivel C, Fouillet H, Polakof S, Martin JC, Mariotti F. Plasma Metabolome Analysis Suggests That L-Arginine Supplementation Affects Microbial Activity Resulting in a Decrease in Trimethylamine N-oxide-A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Overweight Adults with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102038. [PMID: 38162999 PMCID: PMC10754708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of supplementation with L-arginine (L-arg), the precursor of nitric oxide (NO), on vascular and cardiometabolic health have largely been explored. Whether other mechanisms of the action of L-arg exist remains unknown, as arginine metabolism is complicated. Objective We aimed to characterize the effect of low dose L-arg supplementation on overall human metabolism both in a fasting state and in response to an allostatic stress. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 32 healthy overweight adults (mean age 45 y) with cardiometabolic risk (fasting plasma triglycerides >150 mg/dL; waist circumference >94 cm [male] or >80 cm [female]) were treated with 1.5 g sustained-release L-arg 3 times/d (4.5 g/d) or placebo for 4 wk. On the last day of treatment, volunteers consumed a high-fat meal challenge (900 kcal, 80% as fat, 13% as carbohydrate, and 7% as protein). Plasma was collected at fasting, 2, 4, and 6 h after the challenge, and the metabolome was analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were analyzed using linear mixed models-principal component analysis. Results The challenge meal explained most of the changes in the metabolome. The overall effect of L-arg supplementation significantly explained 0.5% of the total variance, irrespective of the response to the challenge meal (P < 0.05). Among the metabolites that explain most of the L-arg effect, we found many amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, that were decreased by L-arg supplementation. L-arg also decreased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Other changes suggest that L-arg increased methyl demand. Conclusions Analysis of the effect of 4 wk of L-arg supplementation on the metabolome reveals important effects on methyl balance and gut microbiota activity, such as a decrease in TMAO. Further studies are needed to investigate those mechanisms and the implications of these changes for long-term health.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02354794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Dimina
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, Toulouse, France
| | - Ambre Deveaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
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Andrikopoulos P, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Chakaroun R, Myridakis A, Forslund SK, Nielsen T, Adriouch S, Holmes B, Chilloux J, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, Salem JE, Andreelli F, Belda E, Kieswich J, Chechi K, Puig-Castellvi F, Chevalier M, Le Chatelier E, Olanipekun MT, Hoyles L, Alves R, Helft G, Isnard R, Køber L, Coelho LP, Rouault C, Gauguier D, Gøtze JP, Prifti E, Froguel P, Zucker JD, Bäckhed F, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Oppert JM, Blüher M, Nielsen J, Raes J, Bork P, Yaqoob MM, Stumvoll M, Pedersen O, Ehrlich SD, Clément K, Dumas ME. Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5843. [PMID: 37730687 PMCID: PMC10511707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The host-microbiota co-metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk but how its circulating levels are regulated remains unclear. We applied "explainable" machine learning, univariate, multivariate and mediation analyses of fasting plasma TMAO concentration and a multitude of phenotypes in 1,741 adult Europeans of the MetaCardis study. Here we show that next to age, kidney function is the primary variable predicting circulating TMAO, with microbiota composition and diet playing minor, albeit significant, roles. Mediation analysis suggests a causal relationship between TMAO and kidney function that we corroborate in preclinical models where TMAO exposure increases kidney scarring. Consistent with our findings, patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with reno-protective properties have significantly lower circulating TMAO when compared to propensity-score matched control individuals. Our analyses uncover a bidirectional relationship between kidney function and TMAO that can potentially be modified by reno-protective anti-diabetic drugs and suggest a clinically actionable intervention for decreasing TMAO-associated excess cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Andrikopoulos
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solia Adriouch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Chilloux
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Gwen Falony
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eugeni Belda
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, F-93143, Bondy, France
| | - Julius Kieswich
- Diabetic Kidney Disease Centre, Renal Unit, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kanta Chechi
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesc Puig-Castellvi
- European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mickael Chevalier
- European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Michael T Olanipekun
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Renato Alves
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerard Helft
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, INSERM, 1166, Paris, France
| | - Richard Isnard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luis Pedro Coelho
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jens Peter Gøtze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edi Prifti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, F-93143, Bondy, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, F-93143, Bondy, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- Diabetic Kidney Disease Centre, Renal Unit, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Dusko Ehrlich
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities; systemic approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Section of Genomic & Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, EGENODIA, INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
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11
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Attaye I, Lassen PB, Adriouch S, Steinbach E, Patiño-Navarrete R, Davids M, Alili R, Jacques F, Benzeguir S, Belda E, Nemet I, Anderson JT, Alexandre-Heymann L, Greyling A, Larger E, Hazen SL, van Oppenraaij SL, Tremaroli V, Beck K, Bergh PO, Bäckhed F, ten Brincke SP, Herrema H, Groen AK, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Clément K, Nieuwdorp M. Protein supplementation changes gut microbial diversity and derived metabolites in subjects with type 2 diabetes. iScience 2023; 26:107471. [PMID: 37599833 PMCID: PMC10432813 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets are promoted for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, effects of dietary protein interventions on (gut-derived) metabolites in T2D remains understudied. We therefore performed a multi-center, randomized-controlled, isocaloric protein intervention with 151 participants following either 12-week high-protein (HP; 30Energy %, N = 78) vs. low-protein (LP; 10 Energy%, N = 73) diet. Primary objectives were dietary effects on glycemic control which were determined via glycemic excursions, continuous glucose monitors and HbA1c. Secondary objectives were impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and -derived metabolites which were determined by shotgun-metagenomics and mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed using delta changes adjusting for center, baseline, and kidney function when appropriate. This study found that a short-term 12-week isocaloric protein modulation does not affect glycemic parameters or weight in metformin-treated T2D. However, the HP diet slightly worsened kidney function, increased alpha-diversity, and production of potentially harmful microbiota-dependent metabolites, which may affect host metabolism upon prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Attaye
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Bel Lassen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Solia Adriouch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Steinbach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Rafael Patiño-Navarrete
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rohia Alili
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Flavien Jacques
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Sara Benzeguir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Eugeni Belda
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James T. Anderson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Larger
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sophie L. van Oppenraaij
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Beck
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzan P.M. ten Brincke
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Guiducci L, Nicolini G, Forini F. Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37367916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet-microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Guo M, Cao X, Ji D, Xiong H, Zhang T, Wu Y, Suo L, Pan M, Brugger D, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ma B. Gut Microbiota and Acylcarnitine Metabolites Connect the Beneficial Association between Estrogen and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Ovariectomized Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0014923. [PMID: 37140372 PMCID: PMC10269676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00149-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased estrogen level is one of the main causes of lipid metabolism disorders and coronary heart disease in women after menopause. Exogenous estradiol benzoate is effective to some extent in alleviating lipid metabolism disorders caused by estrogen deficiency. However, the role of gut microbes in the regulation process is not yet appreciated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol benzoate supplementation on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and to reveal the importance of gut microbes and metabolites in the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders. This study found that high doses of estradiol benzoate supplementation effectively attenuated fat accumulation in OVX mice. There was a significant increase in the expression of genes enriched in hepatic cholesterol metabolism and a concomitant decrease in the expression of genes enriched in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways. Further screening of the gut for characteristic metabolites associated with improved lipid metabolism revealed that estradiol benzoate supplementation influenced major subsets of acylcarnitine metabolites. Ovariectomy significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly negatively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Lactobacillus and Eubacterium ruminantium group bacteria, while estradiol benzoate supplementation significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly positively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Ileibacterium and Bifidobacterium spp. The use of pseudosterile mice with gut microbial deficiency greatly facilitated the synthesis of acylcarnitine due to estradiol benzoate supplementation and also alleviated lipid metabolism disorders to a greater extent in OVX mice. IMPORTANCE Our findings establish a role for gut microbes in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced lipid metabolism disorders and reveal key target bacteria that may have the potential to regulate acylcarnitine synthesis. These findings suggest a possible route for the use of microbes or acylcarnitine to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De Ji
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Langda Suo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daniel Brugger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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14
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Duizer C, de Zoete MR. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8024. [PMID: 37175726 PMCID: PMC10178193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of bacterial members of the microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become clear in recent years. However, exactly how bacteria contribute to the development of cancer is often still up for debate. The impact of bacteria-derived metabolites, which can influence the development of CRC either in a promoting or inhibiting manner, is undeniable. Here, we discuss the effects of the most well-studied bacteria-derived metabolites associated with CRC, including secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoles. We show that the effects of individual metabolites on CRC development are often nuanced and dose- and location-dependent. In the coming years, the array of metabolites involved in CRC development will undoubtedly increase further, which will emphasize the need to focus on causation and mechanisms and the clearly defined roles of bacterial species within the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel R. de Zoete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Stonāns I, Kuzmina J, Poļaka I, Grīnberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Liepiņš E, Aleksandraviča I, Šantare D, Kiršners A, Škapars R, Pčolkins A, Tolmanis I, Sīviņš A, Leja M, Dambrova M. The Association of Circulating L-Carnitine, γ-Butyrobetaine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels with Gastric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071341. [PMID: 37046558 PMCID: PMC10093028 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the association between gastric cancer (GC) and higher concentrations of the metabolites L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and gut microbiota-mediated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the circulation. There is evidence suggesting that higher levels of TMAO and its precursors in blood can be indicative of either a higher risk of malignancy or indeed its presence; however, GC has not been studied in this regard until now. Our study included 83 controls without high-risk stomach lesions and 105 GC cases. Blood serum L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO levels were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Although there were no significant differences between female control and GC groups, we found a significant difference in circulating levels of metabolites between the male control group and the male GC group, with median levels of L-carnitine reaching 30.22 (25.78–37.57) nmol/mL vs. 37.38 (32.73–42.61) nmol/mL (p < 0.001), GBB–0.79 (0.73–0.97) nmol/mL vs. 0.97 (0.78–1.16) nmol/mL (p < 0.05) and TMAO–2.49 (2.00–2.97) nmol/mL vs. 3.12 (2.08–5.83) nmol/mL (p < 0.05). Thus, our study demonstrated the association between higher blood levels of L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO and GC in males, but not in females. Furthermore, correlations of any two investigated metabolites were stronger in the GC groups of both genders in comparison to the control groups. Our findings reveal the potential role of L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO in GC and suggest metabolic differences between genders. In addition, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant factor in terms of predicting whether the patient belonged to the control or to the GC group was the blood level of L-carnitine in males only. Hence, carnitine might be important as a biomarker or a risk factor for GC, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmārs Stonāns
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Kuzmina
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Poļaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grīnberga
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepiņš
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Aleksandraviča
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Daiga Šantare
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arnis Kiršners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Škapars
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Pčolkins
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Tolmanis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Sīviņš
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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The role of gut-dependent molecule trimethylamine N-oxide as a novel target for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03500-9. [PMID: 36797553 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an intestinal uremic toxin molecule mainly excreted by the kidney. Therefore, the plasma TMAO concentration is significantly increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and plasma TMAO can be cleared by dialysis. Furthermore, TMAO damage the kidney mainly through three mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clinical experiments have indicated that higher TMAO levels are strongly related to the elevated incidence and mortality of cardiovascular (CV) events in CKD patients. Moreover, experimental data have shown that high levels of TMAO directly aggravate atherosclerosis, thrombosis and enhance myocardial contractility, resulting in myocardial ischemia and stroke. Specially, there are currently four potential ways to reduce blood TMAO concentration or block the effect of TMAO, including reducing the intake of trimethylamine (TMA) precursors in the diet, regulating the intestinal flora to reduce TMA production, interrupting the role of flavin-dependent monooxygenase isoforms (FMOs) to reduce the generation of TMAO, and blocking the TMAO receptor protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). We hope that more clinical studies and clinicians will focus on clinical treatment to reduce the concentration of TMAO and alleviate renal damage.
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Huang HS, Lin YE, Panyod S, Chen RA, Lin YC, Chai LMX, Hsu CC, Wu WK, Lu KH, Huang YJ, Sheen LY. Anti-depressive-like and cognitive impairment alleviation effects of Gastrodia elata Blume water extract is related to gut microbiome remodeling in ApoE -/- mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115872. [PMID: 36343797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) is a traditional Chinese dietary therapy used to treat neurological disorders. Gastrodia elata Blume water extract (WGE) has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and improve social frustration in mice in a chronic social defeat model. However, studies on the anti-depressive-like effects and cognitive impairment alleviation related to the impact of WGE on the gut microbiome of ApoE-/- mice remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the anti-depressive-like effect and cognitive impairment alleviation and mechanisms of WGE in ApoE-/- mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), as well as its impact on the gut microbiome of the mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty ApoE-/- mice (6 months old) were randomly grouped into six groups: control, UCMS, WGE groups [5, 10, 20 mL WGE/kg body weight (bw) + UCMS], and a positive group (fluoxetine 20 mg/kg bw + UCMS). After four weeks of the UCMS paradigm, the sucrose preference, novel object recognition, and open field tests were conducted. The neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites were measured in the prefrontal cortex. Serum was collected to measure corticosterone and amyloid-42 (Aβ-42) levels. Feces were collected, and the gut microbiome was analyzed. RESULTS WGE restored sucrose preference, exploratory behavior, recognition ability, and decreased the levels of serum corticosterone and Aβ-42 in ApoE-/- mice to alleviate depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, WGE regulated the monoamine neurotransmitter via reduced the 5-HT and DA turnover rates in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, WGE elevated the levels of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum as well as balanced fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). CONCLUSION WGE demonstrates anti-depressive-like effects, cognitive impairment alleviation, and gut microbiome and metabolite regulation in ApoE-/- mice. Our results support the possibility of developing a functional and complementary medicine to prevent or alleviate depression and cognitive decline using WGE in CVDs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Does the Composition of Gut Microbiota Affect Hypertension? Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Increasing Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021377. [PMID: 36674891 PMCID: PMC9863380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease which is very prevalent contemporarily. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the development and potential treatment of hypertension, taking into consideration underlying molecular mechanisms. The bacteria present in the intestines have the ability to secrete different metabolites, which might play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. The most important include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), vasoactive hormones, trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Their action in regulating blood pressure is mainly based on their pro- or anti-inflammatory function. The use of specifically formulated probiotics to modify the composition of gut microbiota might be a beneficial way of supportive treatment of hypertension; however, further research on this topic is needed to choose the species of bacteria that could induce the hypotensive pattern.
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Rehman A, Tyree SM, Fehlbaum S, DunnGalvin G, Panagos CG, Guy B, Patel S, Dinan TG, Duttaroy AK, Duss R, Steinert RE. A water-soluble tomato extract rich in secondary plant metabolites lowers trimethylamine-n-oxide and modulates gut microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2023; 153:96-105. [PMID: 36913483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products rich in polyphenols have been shown to lower plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) known for its proatherogenic effects by modulating the intestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of Fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on TMAO, fecal microbiota, and plasma and fecal metabolites. METHODS Overweight and obese adults (n = 22, BMI 28-35 kg/m2) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study receiving 2×150 mg Fruitflow per day or placebo (maltodextrin) for 4 wk with a 6-week wash-out between interventions. Stool, blood, and urine samples were collected to assess changes in plasma TMAO (primary outcome) as well as fecal microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and urine TMAO (secondary outcomes). In a subgroup (n = 9), postprandial TMAO was evaluated following a choline-rich breakfast (∼450 mg). Statistical methods included paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Fruitflow, but not placebo, reduced fasting levels of plasma (-1.5 μM, P ≤ 0.05) and urine (-19.1 μM, P ≤ 0.01) TMAO as well as plasma lipopolysaccharides (-5.3 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05) from baseline to the end of intervention. However, these changes were significant only for urine TMAO levels when comparing between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Changes in microbial beta, but not alpha, diversity paralleled this with a significant difference in Jaccard distance-based Principal Component (P ≤ 0.05) as well as decreases in Bacteroides, Ruminococccus, and Hungatella and increases in Alistipes when comparing between and within groups (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). There were no between-group differences in SCFAs and bile acids (BAs) in both faces and plasma but several changes within groups such as an increase in fecal cholic acid or plasma pyruvate with Fruitflow (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed TMAO as the most discriminant plasma metabolite between groups (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results support earlier findings that polyphenol-rich extracts can lower plasma TMAO in overweight and obese adults related to gut microbiota modulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04160481 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04160481?term= Fruitflow&draw= 2&rank= 2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Guy
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- Atlantia Clinical Trials, Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruedi Duss
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Haas EA, Saad MJA, Santos A, Vitulo N, Lemos WJF, Martins AMA, Picossi CRC, Favarato D, Gaspar RS, Magro DO, Libby P, Laurindo FRM, Da Luz PL. A red wine intervention does not modify plasma trimethylamine N-oxide but is associated with broad shifts in the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota composition. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1515-1529. [PMID: 36205549 PMCID: PMC9761755 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota profiles are closely related to cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms that include the reported deleterious effects of metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which have been studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Moderate red wine (RW) consumption is reportedly cardioprotective, possibly by affecting the gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of RW consumption on the gut microbiota, plasma TMAO, and the plasma metabolome in men with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) using a multiomics assessment in a crossover trial. METHODS We conducted a randomized, crossover, controlled trial involving 42 men (average age, 60 y) with documented CAD comparing 3-wk RW consumption (250 mL/d, 5 d/wk) with an equal period of alcohol abstention, both preceded by a 2-wk washout period. The gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Plasma TMAO was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. The plasma metabolome of 20 randomly selected participants was evaluated by ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS. The effect of RW consumption was assessed by individual comparisons using paired tests during the abstention and RW periods. RESULTS Plasma TMAO did not differ between RW intervention and alcohol abstention, and TMAO concentrations showed low intraindividual concordance over time, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.049 during the control period. After RW consumption, there was significant remodeling of the gut microbiota, with a difference in β diversity and predominance of Parasutterella, Ruminococcaceae, several Bacteroides species, and Prevotella. Plasma metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites after RW consumption, consistent with improved redox homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the gut microbiota may contribute to the putative cardiovascular benefits of moderate RW consumption. The low intraindividual concordance of TMAO presents challenges regarding its role as a cardiovascular risk biomarker at the individual level. This study was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT03232099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Haas
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Wilson J F Lemos
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Aline M A Martins
- Department of Medical Science, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Desidério Favarato
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gaspar
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniéla O Magro
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Protasio L Da Luz
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Paeslack N, Mimmler M, Becker S, Gao Z, Khuu MP, Mann A, Malinarich F, Regen T, Reinhardt C. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1339-1356. [PMID: 35451695 PMCID: PMC9641817 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Paeslack
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mimmler
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenling Gao
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - My Phung Khuu
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frano Malinarich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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22
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Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Indoxyl Sulfate Concentrations in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193964. [PMID: 36235617 PMCID: PMC9572718 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are produced by the microbiota and the liver, and can contribute to brain aging and impaired cognitive function. This study aims to examine serum TMAO and IS concentrations in patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) at the entry for alcohol withdrawal, and the relationships with several biological, neuropsychological, and clinical parameters. Methods: TMAO and IS were quantified in thirty AUD inpatients and fifteen healthy controls (HC). The severities of AUD and alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and general cognitive abilities were assessed in AUD patients. Results: TMAO concentrations did not differ between HC and AUD patients. Several biomarkers assessing nutritional status and liver function were significantly different in AUD patients with the lowest TMAO concentrations compared to other AUD patients. IS concentration was significantly lower in AUD patients and a significant positive predictor of serum prealbumin variation during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal. No relationship was observed between the concentrations of these metabolites and the severities of alcohol dependence, AWS, or cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Our data suggest that AUD patients with low concentrations of TMAO or IS should probably benefit from a personalized refeeding program during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal.
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23
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Sun C, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Yu Z, Liu L, Wu M. Targets of statins intervention in LDL-C metabolism: Gut microbiota. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972603. [PMID: 36158845 PMCID: PMC9492915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have considered gut microbiota as a new “metabolic organ,” which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In addition, the liver is an important organ of lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism can cause the elevation of blood lipids. Among them, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is related with ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic diseases, and statins are widely used to lower LDL-C. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been shown to mediate statins efficacy, both in animals and humans. The effect of statins on microbiota abundance has been deeply explored, and the pathways through which statins reduce the LDL-C levels by affecting the abundance of microbiota have gradually been explored. In this review, we discussed the interaction between gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism, especially the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins mediated by gut microbiota, via AMPK-PPARγ-SREBP1C/2, FXR and PXR-related, and LPS-TLR4-Myd88 pathways, which may help to explain the individual differences in statins efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangXin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZePing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LanQing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JiYe Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZongLiang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LongTao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: LongTao Liu
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Min Wu
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Pei JY, Yu WF, Zhang JJ, Kuo TH, Chung HH, Hu JJ, Hsu CC, Yu KF. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic signatures of coral bleaching under thermal stress. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7635-7646. [PMID: 36059041 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coral bleaching caused by climate change has resulted in large-scale coral reef decline worldwide. However, the knowledge of physiological response mechanisms of scleractinian corals under high-temperature stress is still challenging. Here, untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combining with Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) was utilized to investigate the physiological response of the coral species Pavona decussata under thermal stress. A wide variety of metabolites (including lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, osmolytes) were identified as the potential biomarkers and subjected to metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. We discovered that, in the thermal-stressed P. decussata coral holobiont, (1) numerous metabolites in classes of lipids and amino acids significantly decreased, indicating an enhanced lipid hydrolysis and aminolysis that contributed to up-regulation in gluconeogenesis to meet energy demand for basic survival; (2) pantothenate and panthenol, two essential intermediates in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were up-regulated, implying enhanced efficiency in energy production; (3) small peptides (e.g., Glu-Leu and Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu) and lyso-platelet-activating factor (lysoPAF) possibly implicated a strengthened coral immune response; (4) the down-regulation of betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), known as osmolyte compounds for maintaining holobiont homeostasis, might be the result of disruption of coral holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ying Pei
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519080, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zarei I, Koistinen VM, Kokla M, Klåvus A, Babu AF, Lehtonen M, Auriola S, Hanhineva K. Tissue-wide metabolomics reveals wide impact of gut microbiota on mice metabolite composition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15018. [PMID: 36056162 PMCID: PMC9440220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential role of gut microbiota in health and disease is well recognized, but the biochemical details that underlie the beneficial impact remain largely undefined. To maintain its stability, microbiota participates in an interactive host-microbiota metabolic signaling, impacting metabolic phenotypes of the host. Dysbiosis of microbiota results in alteration of certain microbial and host metabolites. Identifying these markers could enhance early detection of certain diseases. We report LC-MS based non-targeted metabolic profiling that demonstrates a large effect of gut microbiota on mammalian tissue metabolites. It was hypothesized that gut microbiota influences the overall biochemistry of host metabolome and this effect is tissue-specific. Thirteen different tissues from germ-free (GF) and conventionally-raised (MPF) C57BL/6NTac mice were selected and their metabolic differences were analyzed. Our study demonstrated a large effect of microbiota on mammalian biochemistry at different tissues and resulted in statistically-significant modulation of metabolites from multiple metabolic pathways (p ≤ 0.05). Hundreds of molecular features were detected exclusively in one mouse group, with the majority of these being unique to specific tissue. A vast metabolic response of host to metabolites generated by the microbiota was observed, suggesting gut microbiota has a direct impact on host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ville M Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marietta Kokla
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Lin K, Zhu L, Yang L. Gut and obesity/metabolic disease: Focus on microbiota metabolites. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e171. [PMID: 36092861 PMCID: PMC9437302 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with the risk of chronic inflammation and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The composition and activity of the gut microbiota play an important role in this process, affecting a range of physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. The active gut microbiota can produce a large number of physiologically active substances during the process of intestinal metabolism and reproduction, including short‐chain/long‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites with beneficial effects on metabolism, as well as negative metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, delta‐valerobetaine, and imidazole propionate. How gut microbiota specifically affect and participate in metabolic and immune activities, especially the metabolites directly produced by gut microbiota, has attracted extensive attention. So far, some animal and human studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites are correlated with host obesity, energy metabolism, and inflammation. Some pathways and mechanisms are slowly being discovered. Here, we will focus on the important metabolites of gut microbiota (beneficial and negative), and review their roles and mechanisms in obesity and related metabolic diseases, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment and remission of obesity and other metabolic diseases from the perspective of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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27
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任 园, 王 佐, 薛 骏. [Gut-derived uremic toxin trimethylamine-N-oxide in cardiovascular disease under end-stage renal disease: an injury mechanism and therapeutic target]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 39:848-852. [PMID: 36008350 PMCID: PMC10957347 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is cardiovascular disease, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to be one of the specific risk factors in the pathogenic process in recent years. TMAO is derived from intestinal bacterial metabolism of dietary choline, carnitine and other substances and subsequently catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase enzymes in the liver. The changes of intestinal bacteria in ESRD patients have contributed to the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins such as TMAO, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid. While elevated TMAO concentration accelerates atherosclerosis through mechanisms such as inflammation, increased scavenger receptor expression, and inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport. In this review, this research introduces the biological function, metabolic processes of TMAO and mechanisms by which TMAO promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients and summarizes current interventions that may be used to reverse gut microbiota disturbances, such as activated carbon, fecal microbial transplantation, dietary improvement, probiotic and probiotic introduction. It also focuses on exploring intervention targets to reduce the gut-derived uremic toxin TMAO in order to explore the possibility of more cardiovascular disease treatments for ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 园 任
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 佐元 王
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 骏 薛
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
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Mutalub YB, Abdulwahab M, Mohammed A, Yahkub AM, AL-Mhanna SB, Yusof W, Tang SP, Rasool AHG, Mokhtar SS. Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2575. [PMID: 36076760 PMCID: PMC9455664 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut harbors microbial ecology that is in a symbiotic relationship with its host and has a vital function in keeping host homeostasis. Inimical alterations in the composition of gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, have been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Studies have revealed the variation in gut microbiota composition in healthy individuals as compared to the composition of those with cardiometabolic diseases. Perturbation of host-microbial interaction attenuates physiological processes and may incite several cardiometabolic disease pathways. This imbalance contributes to cardiometabolic diseases via metabolism-independent and metabolite-dependent pathways. The aim of this review was to elucidate studies that have demonstrated the complex relationship between the intestinal microbiota as well as their metabolites and the development/progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Furthermore, we systematically itemized the potential therapeutic approaches for cardiometabolic diseases that target gut microbiota and/or their metabolites by following the pathophysiological pathways of disease development. These approaches include the use of diet, prebiotics, and probiotics. With the exposition of the link between gut microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases, the human gut microbiota therefore becomes a potential therapeutic target in the development of novel cardiometabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Monsurat Abdulwahab
- Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Alkali Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Mutalib Yahkub
- College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 74027, Nigeria
| | - Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wardah Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suk Peng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia or
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Kim SJ, Bale S, Verma P, Wan Q, Ma F, Gudjonsson JE, Hazen SL, Harms PW, Tsou PS, Khanna D, Tsoi LC, Gupta N, Ho KJ, Varga J. Gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide activates PERK to drive fibrogenic mesenchymal differentiation. iScience 2022; 25:104669. [PMID: 35856022 PMCID: PMC9287188 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is prominent in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but it remains unknown how it contributes to microvascular injury and fibrosis that are hallmarks of this disease. Trimethylamine (TMA) is generated by the gut microbiome and in the host converted by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO3) into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which has been implicated in chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Using cell culture systems and patient biopsies, we now show that TMAO reprograms skin fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and adipocytic progenitor cells into myofibroblasts via the putative TMAO receptor protein R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Remarkably, FMO3 was detected in skin fibroblasts and its expression stimulated by TGF-β1. Moreover, FMO3 was elevated in SSc skin biopsies and in SSc fibroblasts. A meta-organismal pathway thus might in SSc link gut microbiome to vascular remodeling and fibrosis via stromal cell reprogramming, implicating the FMO3-TMAO-PERK axis in pathogenesis, and as a promising target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarna Bale
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nilaksh Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen J. Ho
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, The University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cavanaugh SM, Cavanaugh RP, Streeter R, Vieira AB, Gilbert GE, Ketzis JK. Commercial Extruded Plant-Based Diet Lowers Circulating Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Precursors in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936092. [PMID: 35873695 PMCID: PMC9300970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are observed in humans and dogs with heart failure and are associated with adverse outcomes in people. Dietary intervention that reduces or excludes animal ingredients results in rapid reduction of plasma TMAO and TMAO precursors in people, but the impact of diet in dogs has not been studied. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of diet on plasma TMAO and 2 of its precursors (choline and betaine) in dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) or a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD) containing animal and plant ingredients. Sixteen healthy adult mixed breed dogs from a university colony were enrolled in a randomized, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover weight-maintenance study. Mean (SD) age and body weight of the dogs were 2.9 years (± 1.7) and 14.5 kg (± 4.0), respectively. Eight dogs were female (3 intact, 5 spayed) and 8 dogs were male (4 intact, 4 castrated). Plasma choline, betaine and TMAO were quantified by LC-SID-MRM/MS at baseline, and after 4 weeks on each diet. Choline and betaine were also quantified in the diets. Plasma choline levels were significantly lower (P = 0.002) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 6.8 μM ± 1.2 μM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 7.8 μM ± 1.6 μM). Plasma betaine levels were also significantly lower (P = 0.03) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 109.1 μM ± 25.3 μM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 132.4 μM ± 32.5 μM). No difference (P = 0.71) in plasma TMAO was detected in dogs consuming a PBD (Median, IQR, 2.4 μM, 2.1 μM) compared to a TD (Median, IQR, 2.3 μM, 1.1 μM). Betaine content was lower in the PBD than in the TD while choline content was similar in the diets. Our findings indicate consumption of a commercial extruded PBD for 4 weeks reduces circulating levels of the TMAO precursors choline and betaine, but not TMAO, in healthy adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- *Correspondence: Sarah M. Cavanaugh
| | - Ryan P. Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Aline B. Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Jennifer K. Ketzis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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31
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Bean LD, Wing JJ, Harris RE, Smart SM, Raman SV, Milks MW. Transferrin predicts trimethylamine-N-oxide levels and is a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35538408 PMCID: PMC9087975 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a circulating biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Production of TMAO is facilitated by gut microbiota and dependent on micronutrients such as choline, betaine, and L-carnitine, present in foods such as red meat and eggs. HYPOTHESIS We sought to predict serum TMAO quartile levels among healthy individuals at increased risk of CVD using clinical data via an ordinal logistic model. METHODS Data from participants (n = 127) enrolled in a longitudinal observational study on CVD were used to build a predictive model for TMAO using ordinal logistic regression with demographic variables and 40 other variables considered related to CVD risk. First, univariate models for each covariate were tested (with serum TMAO quartiles as the dependent variable), and only variables with P < 0.30 were evaluated further. Second, demographic variables (age, gender, white vs. non-white race) were included in a multivariable model with each previously identified independent variable controlling for potential confounding. Last, the final model included fixed demographics and candidates from the confounder-adjusted model with P < 0.10. RESULTS Eight candidate variables were included in the final model, with only transferrin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and race (white vs. non-white) showing significant associations with TMAO. Participants had 0.16 (Q2), 0.31 (Q3), and 0.20 (Q4) odds of being in a higher TMAO quartile compared with participants in the lowest transferrin quartile. Non-white participants had 2.92 times higher odds of being in the highest TMAO quartile compared to white individuals. Participants in the second quartile of HDL-C had 2.68 times higher odds of being in a higher TMAO quartile compared with participants in the lowest HDL-C quartile. CONCLUSIONS Transferrin demonstrated a significant predictive association with TMAO and may represent a novel potential biomarker of increased CVD risk worthy of further study. These results warrant further examination of iron, metabolism, homeostasis, and gut microbiome to better understand and mitigate known increased CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamuel D Bean
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Wing
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Randall E Harris
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suzanne M Smart
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Wesley Milks
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 473 W 12th Ave Suite 200, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Wang J, Zhang H, He J, Xiong X. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845243. [PMID: 35418976 PMCID: PMC8995494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have focused on the gut microbiota and its relationship with various neurological diseases. The gut microbiota can affect the metabolic status of the body, in addition to having an important impact on blood pressure, blood glucose, and atherosclerosis, all of which are risk factors for ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized studies that included the physiological function of the gut microbiota and gut microbiota disorders related to the central nervous system, thus providing novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying He
- Department of Orthopedic, JiangXi Provinvcial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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33
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Yao J, Chen Y, Xu M. The critical role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease: A subtle focus on cardiovascular disease-NLRP3 inflammasome-angiogenesis axis. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:109013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li J, Li Y, Ivey KL, Wang DD, Wilkinson JE, Franke A, Lee KH, Chan AT, Huttenhower C, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Sun Q. Interplay between diet and gut microbiome, and circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide: findings from a longitudinal cohort of US men. Gut 2022; 71:724-733. [PMID: 33926968 PMCID: PMC8553812 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut-produced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is postulated as a possible link between red meat intake and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether gut microbiome could modify associations of dietary precursors with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers among free-living individuals. DESIGN We collected up to two pairs of faecal samples (n=925) and two blood samples (n=473), 6 months apart, from 307 healthy men in the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study. Diet was assessed repeatedly using food-frequency questionnaires and diet records. We profiled faecal metagenome and metatranscriptome using shotgun sequencing and identified microbial taxonomic and functional features. RESULTS TMAO concentrations were associated with the overall microbial compositions (permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) test p=0.001). Multivariable taxa-wide association analysis identified 10 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma TMAO concentrations (false discovery rate <0.05). Higher habitual intake of red meat and choline was significantly associated with higher TMAO concentrations among participants who were microbial TMAO-producers (p<0.05), as characterised based on four abundant TMAO-predicting species, but not among other participants (for red meat, P-interaction=0.003; for choline, P-interaction=0.03). Among abundant TMAO-predicting species, Alistipes shahii significantly strengthened the positive association between red meat intake and HbA1c levels (P-interaction=0.01). Secondary analyses revealed that some functional features, including choline trimethylamine-lyase activating enzymes, were associated with TMAO concentrations. CONCLUSION We identified microbial taxa that were associated with TMAO concentrations and modified the associations of red meat intake with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers. Our data underscore the interplay between diet and gut microbiome in producing potentially bioactive metabolites that may modulate cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry L. Ivey
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dong D. Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy E. Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Adrian Franke
- Analytical Biochemistry Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tian R, Liu HH, Feng SQ, Wang YF, Wang YY, Chen YX, Wang H, Zhang SY. Gut microbiota metabolic characteristics in coronary artery disease patients with hyperhomocysteine. J Microbiol 2022; 60:419-428. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diet, Fecal Microbiome, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide in a Cohort of Metabolically Healthy United States Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071376. [PMID: 35405993 PMCID: PMC9003533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMAO is elevated in individuals with cardiometabolic diseases, but it is unknown whether the metabolite is a biomarker of concern in healthy individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in metabolically healthy adults aged 18-66 years with BMI 18-44 kg/m2 and assessed the relationship between TMAO and diet, the fecal microbiome, and cardiometabolic risk factors. TMAO was measured in fasted plasma samples by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The fecal microbiome was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and recent food intake was captured by multiple ASA24 dietary recalls. Endothelial function was assessed via EndoPAT. Descriptive statistics were computed by fasting plasma TMAO tertiles and evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between plasma TMAO and dietary food intake and metabolic health parameters. TMAO concentrations were not associated with average intake of animal protein foods, fruits, vegetables, dairy, or grains. TMAO was related to the fecal microbiome and the genera Butyribrio, Roseburia, Coprobaciullus, and Catenibacterium were enriched in individuals in the lowest versus the highest TMAO tertile. TMAO was positively associated with α-diversity and compositional differences were identified between groups. TMAO was not associated with classic cardiovascular risk factors in the healthy cohort. Similarly, endothelial function was not related to fasting TMAO, whereas the inflammatory marker TNF-α was significantly associated. Fasting plasma TMAO may not be a metabolite of concern in generally healthy adults unmedicated for chronic disease. Prospective studies in healthy individuals are necessary.
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Chiu THT, Kao YC, Wang LY, Chang HR, Lin CL. A Dietitian-Led Vegan Program May Improve GlycA, and Other Novel and Traditional Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients With Dyslipidemia: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:807810. [PMID: 35399690 PMCID: PMC8984941 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.807810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic inflammation and lipid profiles are two major therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. The effect of a nutritionally balanced vegan diet on systematic inflammation and lipoprotein subclass awaits further examination. Objective To investigate the change in novel and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors before and after a dietitian-led vegan program, and to test the bioavailability of vitamin B12 in Taiwanese purple laver as part of a vegan diet. Design A one-arm pilot intervention study. Participants/Setting Nine patients with dyslipidemia participated in this 12-week vegan program. Main Outcome Measures Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) detected GlycA signals (systematic inflammation) and lipoprotein subclass (atherogenicity); trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO); and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Statistical Analyses Performed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results In this 12-week vegan intervention emphasizing whole foods, systematic inflammation improved as indicated by a reduction in GlycA (median: −23 μmol/L, p = 0.01). LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) (median −24 mg/dl, p = 0.04) and LDL-p (low-density lipoprotein particles) (median −75 nmol/L, p = 0.02) both decreased significantly. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) and chylomicron particles showed a decreasing trend (−23.6 nmol/L, p = 0.05). Without caloric restriction, body mass index (BMI) (−0.7 kg/m2, p = 0.03), waist circumferences (−2.0 cm, p < 0.001), HbA1c (−0.2%, p = 0.02), and (HOMA-IR) homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (−0.7, p = 0.04) have all improved. The change in the TMAO and vitamin B12 status as measured by holo-transcobalamin appeared to depend on baseline diets, TMAO, and vitamin B12 status. Conclusions A dietitian-led vegan program may improve systematic inflammation and other novel and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina H. T. Chiu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chun Kao
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Wang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ren Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Huai-Ren Chang
| | - Chin-Lon Lin
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Dietary Plant and Animal Protein Sources Oppositely Modulate Fecal Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium in Vegetarians and Omnivores. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0204721. [PMID: 35285706 PMCID: PMC9045121 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02047-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The food we eat not only nourishes our bodies but also provides nutrients to the bacteria living in our guts. Gut bacterial communities are known to be affected by many factors, including diet and bowel cleansing, but the impacts of vegetarian and omnivore diets on fecal bacterial composition are still uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial compositions of fecal samples from vegetarians and omnivores 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and we correlated specific dietary constituents with the relative abundances of specialized fecal bacteria. A total of 46 participants (23 vegetarians and 23 omnivores) were recruited. All participants underwent standard bowel cleansing before colonoscopy screening. Fecal samples were collected from each participant 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and the fecal microbiota compositions were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Sixteen participants also provided an image-based dietary record for nutritional assessment. No major differences between dietary groups were observed in terms of fecal bacterial richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity. A minority of potential pathobionts tended to be elevated in omnivores compared to vegetarians, whereas potential probiotic species tended to be higher in the vegetarians. Detailed dietary assessments further revealed that the plant- and animal-derived proteins may oppositely modulate the relative abundances of pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium. However, these results were not statistically significant after multiple-comparison correction. These results suggest that specialized probiotic and pathobiont microbiota constituents are sensitive to the plant- or animal-derived dietary components ingested by vegetarians and omnivores after bowel cleansing. IMPORTANCE Dietary pattern and food choice are associated with expansion of gut pathobionts and risk for metabolic and colonic disease. However, the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal microbiota remain unclear. After bowel cleansing, potential pathobionts and probiotic bacteria were increased in omnivores and vegetarians, respectively. The pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium were oppositely modulated by dietary animal and plant protein. From a clinical perspective, fecal pathobionts that may indicate risk for metabolic and colonic disease can potentially be modulated with dietary interventions.
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Videja M, Sevostjanovs E, Upmale-Engela S, Liepinsh E, Konrade I, Dambrova M. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051093. [PMID: 35268068 PMCID: PMC8912301 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been proposed as a diet-derived biomarker of cardiometabolic disease risk. Caloric restriction is the most common dietary intervention used to improve cardiometabolic health; however, novel trends suggest a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) as a more feasible alternative. FMD is a variation of intermittent fasting, based on caloric restriction and limitation of protein sources of animal origin, applied in daily cycles during a 5-day period. As TMAO is intensively produced by gut microbiota after the consumption of animal-derived products, we aim to investigate whether a 5-day FMD affects plasma TMAO levels and markers of metabolic health. To investigate whether an increase in vegetable intake possesses similar effects on TMAO levels and metabolic parameters, healthy volunteers (n = 24) were subjected to a 5-day FMD and 19 volunteers served as a reference group (VEG). This group of volunteers consumed an additional four servings of vegetables per day, but otherwise stayed on their usual diet. FMD resulted in a twofold decrease in plasma TMAO levels, which was not evident in the volunteers from the VEG group. Moreover, FMD led to a weight loss of 2.8 ± 0.2 kg and a subsequent reduction in BMI compared to baseline. The FMD group exhibited a significant elevation in plasma ketone bodies (14-fold compared to baseline) and a decrease in IGF-1 levels by 37 ± 8 ng/mL. Since fasting glucose and C-peptide levels decreased, all volunteers in the FMD group showed improved insulin sensitivity and a decreased HOMA-IR index. In contrast, in the VEG group, only a slight reduction in plasma levels of fasting glucose and triglycerides was noted. In conclusion, we show that FMD is a viable strategy to reduce plasma levels of TMAO by limiting caloric intake and animal-derived protein consumption. The reduction in the level of TMAO could be an additional benefit of FMD, leading to a reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (S.U.-E.); (E.L.); (M.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (S.U.-E.); (E.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Sabine Upmale-Engela
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (S.U.-E.); (E.L.); (M.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (S.U.-E.); (E.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Department of Endocrinology, Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (S.U.-E.); (E.L.); (M.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen PC, Chong KV, Yang YT, Chuang HL, Chen CC, Chen RA, Liu PY, Chung CH, Huang HS, Lin AYC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Huang TF, Hsu CC, Ho CT, Kao HL, Orekhov AN, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Atherosclerosis amelioration by allicin in raw garlic through gut microbiota and trimethylamine-N-oxide modulation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35087050 PMCID: PMC8795425 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is strongly associated with the gut microbiota and its metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), formed from metaorganismal metabolism of ʟ-carnitine. Raw garlic juice, with allicin as its primary compound, exhibits considerable effects on the gut microbiota. This study validated the benefits of raw garlic juice against CVD risk via modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Allicin supplementation significantly decreased serum TMAO in ʟ-carnitine-fed C57BL/6 J mice, reduced aortic lesions, and altered the fecal microbiota in carnitine-induced, atherosclerosis-prone, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. In human subjects exhibiting high-TMAO production, raw garlic juice intake for a week reduced TMAO formation, improved gut microbial diversity, and increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria. In in vitro and ex vivo studies, raw garlic juice and allicin inhibited γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) and trimethylamine production by the gut microbiota. Thus, raw garlic juice and allicin can potentially prevent cardiovascular disease by decreasing TMAO production via gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kent-Vui Chong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Yang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang X, Wang D, Zheng Y, Tu Y, Xu Q, Jiang H, Li C, Zhao L, Li Y, Zheng H, Gao H. Sex-dependent effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolome in type 1 diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166266. [PMID: 34481869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in the onset and development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its potential pathological mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we examined sex-specific changes in the gut microbiome and host metabolome of T1D mice via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach, and aimed to investigate potential mechanism of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interaction in the sexual dimorphism of T1D. Our results demonstrate that female mice had a greater shift in the gut microbiota than male mice during the development of T1D; however, host metabolome was more susceptible to T1D in male mice. The correlation network analysis indicates that T1D-induced host metabolic changes may be regulated by the gut microbiota in a sex-specific manner, mainly involving short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and choline metabolism. Therefore, our study suggests that sex-dependent "gut microbiota-host metabolism axis" may be implicated in the sexual dimorphism of T1D, and the link between microbes and metabolites might contribute to the prevention and treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Die Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yafei Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingxin Tu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haowei Jiang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Ten-year changes in plasma L-carnitine levels and risk of coronary heart disease. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1353-1362. [PMID: 34799774 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE L-Carnitine is abundant in animal source foods, particularly red meat, and circulating L-carnitine may be related to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated whether long-term changes in plasma L-carnitine over 10 years were associated with the CHD incidence and also examined joint associations of carnitine-rich red meat consumption and L-carnitine changes on the subsequent risk of CHD. METHODS This prospective nested case-control study included 772 healthy women at baseline (386 incident CHD cases and 386 healthy controls). Plasma L-carnitine levels were measured both at the first (1989-90) and second blood collections (2000-02). Incident cases of CHD were prospectively followed from the date of the second blood collection through 2016. RESULTS Overall, a greater increase in L-carnitine from the first to the second time point was related to a higher risk of CHD, regardless of the initial L-carnitine levels (relative risk: 1.36 (95% CI 0.999, 1.84) per 1-SD increase). The 10-year changes in L-carnitine were positively associated with red meat consumption over time, and women with higher red meat intake (≥ 36 g/day) and with greater increases in L-carnitine had a 1.86 (95% CI 1.13, 3.09) times increased risk of CHD, as compared to those with lower red meat intake and lesser increases in L-carnitine. CONCLUSION Long-term increases in L-carnitine levels were associated with the subsequent incidence of CHD, especially among women with higher intake of red meat. Our results suggest the importance of atherogenic L-carnitine changes and dietary intakes over time in the prevention of CHD.
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Iglesias-Carres L, Neilson AP. Utilizing preclinical models of genetic diversity to improve translation of phytochemical activities from rodents to humans and inform personalized nutrition. Food Funct 2021; 12:11077-11105. [PMID: 34672309 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are an essential tool in different areas of research, including nutrition and phytochemical research. Traditional inbred mouse models have allowed the discovery of therapeutical targets and mechanisms of action and expanded our knowledge of health and disease. However, these models lack the genetic variability typically found in human populations, which hinders the translatability of the results found in mice to humans. The development of genetically diverse mouse models, such as the collaborative cross (CC) or the diversity outbred (DO) models, has been a useful tool to overcome this obstacle in many fields, such as cancer, immunology and toxicology. However, these tools have not yet been widely adopted in the field of phytochemical research. As demonstrated in other disciplines, use of CC and DO models has the potential to provide invaluable insights for translation of phytochemicals from rodents to humans, which are desperately needed given the challenges and numerous failed clinical trials in this field. These models may prove informative for personalized use of phytochemicals in humans, including: predicting interindividual variability in phytochemical bioavailability and efficacy, identifying genetic loci or genes governing response to phytochemicals, identifying phytochemical mechanisms of action and therapeutic targets, and understanding the impact of genetic variability on individual response to phytochemicals. Such insights would prove invaluable for personalized implementation of phytochemicals in humans. This review will focus on the current work performed with genetically diverse mouse populations, and the research opportunities and advantages that these models can offer to phytochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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Liu P, Yang S, Yang S. KTU: K‐mer Taxonomic Units improve the biological relevance of amplicon sequence variant microbiota data. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of London Hatfield UK
| | - Shan‐Hua Yang
- Institute of Fisheries Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sung‐Yin Yang
- Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba Shimoda Japan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Pingtung Taiwan
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Ferrell M, Bazeley P, Wang Z, Levison BS, Li XS, Jia X, Krauss RM, Knight R, Lusis AJ, Garcia‐Garcia JC, Hazen SL, Tang WHW. Fecal Microbiome Composition Does Not Predict Diet-Induced TMAO Production in Healthy Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021934. [PMID: 34713713 PMCID: PMC8751816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule derived from the metabolism of dietary nutrients by gut microbes and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Plasma TMAO increases following consumption of red meat. This metabolic change is thought to be partly because of the expansion of gut microbes able to use nutrients abundant in red meat. Methods and Results We used data from a randomized crossover study to estimate the degree to which TMAO can be estimated from fecal microbial composition. Healthy participants received a series of 3 diets that differed in protein source (red meat, white meat, and non-meat), and fecal, plasma, and urine samples were collected following 4 weeks of exposure to each diet. TMAO was quantitated in plasma and urine, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA. While the cai gene cluster was weakly correlated with plasma TMAO (rho=0.17, P=0.0007), elastic net models of TMAO were not improved by abundances of bacterial genes known to contribute to TMAO synthesis. A global analysis of all taxonomic groups, genes, and gene families found no meaningful predictors of TMAO. We postulated that abundances of known genes related to TMAO production do not predict bacterial metabolism, and we measured choline- and carnitine-trimethylamine lyase activity during fecal culture. Trimethylamine lyase genes were only weakly correlated with the activity of the enzymes they encode. Conclusions Fecal microbiome composition does not predict systemic TMAO because, in this case, gene copy number does not predict bacterial metabolic activity. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01427855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ferrell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of PediatricsDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Bioengineering, and The Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics and MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - J. C. Garcia‐Garcia
- Life Sciences Transformative Platform TechnologiesProcter & GambleCincinnatiOH
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
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46
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Sharma V, Sharma V, Shahjouei S, Li J, Chaudhary D, Khan A, Wolk DM, Zand R, Abedi V. At the Intersection of Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2021; 12:729399. [PMID: 34630304 PMCID: PMC8498333 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.729399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are associated with a high rate of long-term disability and death. Recent investigations focus efforts to better understand how alterations in gut microbiota composition influence clinical outcomes. A key metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), is linked to multiple inflammatory, vascular, and oxidative pathways. The current biochemical underpinnings of microbial effects on stroke remain largely understudied. The goal of our study is to explore the current literature to explain the interactions between the human gut microbiome and stroke progression, recovery, and outcome. We also provide a descriptive review of TMAO. Methods: A systematic literature search of published articles between January 1, 1990, and March 22, 2020, was performed on the PubMed database to identify studies addressing the role of the microbiome and TMAO in the pathogenesis and recovery of acute stroke. Our initial investigation focused on human subject studies and was further expanded to include animal studies. Relevant articles were included, regardless of study design. The analysis included reviewers classifying and presenting selected articles by study design and sample size in a chart format. Results: A total of 222 titles and abstracts were screened. A review of the 68 original human subject articles resulted in the inclusion of 24 studies in this review. To provide further insight into TMAO as a key player, an additional 40 articles were also reviewed and included. Our findings highlighted that alterations in richness and abundance of gut microbes and increased plasma TMAO play an important role in vascular events and outcomes. Our analysis revealed that restoration of a healthy gut, through targeted TMAO-reducing therapies, could provide alternative secondary prevention for at-risk patients. Discussion: Biochemical interactions between the gut microbiome and inflammation, resulting in metabolic derangements, can affect stroke progression and outcomes. Clinical evidence supports the importance of TMAO in modulating underlying stroke risk factors. Lack of standardization and distinct differences in sample sizes among studies are major limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sharma
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Shima Shahjouei
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Durgesh Chaudhary
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States.,Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Northeast Internal Medicine Residency, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
| | - Donna M Wolk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Ramin Zand
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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47
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Goh YQ, Cheam G, Wang Y. Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10774-10789. [PMID: 34392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an essential macronutrient involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane signaling, lipid transport, and methyl-group metabolism. Nevertheless, the vast majority are not meeting the recommended intake requirement. Choline deficiency is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skeletal muscle atrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conversion of dietary choline to trimethylamine by gut microbiota is known for its association with atherosclerosis and may contribute to choline deficiency. Choline-utilizing bacteria constitutes less than 1% of the gut community and is modulated by lifestyle interventions such as dietary patterns, antibiotics, and probiotics. In addition, choline utilization is also affected by genetic factors, further complicating the impact of choline on health. This review overviews the complex interplay between dietary intakes of choline, gut microbiota and genetic factors, and the subsequent impact on health. Understanding of gut microbiota metabolism of choline substrates and interindividual variability is warranted in the development of personalized choline nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Goh
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Guoxiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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48
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Jia X, Xu W, Zhang L, Li X, Wang R, Wu S. Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:634780. [PMID: 34490132 PMCID: PMC8417472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, defined as the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood, has been considered as a high-risk factor and key indicator of many metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota has been reported playing a vital role in regulating host lipid metabolism. The pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of hyperlipidemia has been revealed through fecal microbiota transplantation experiment to germ-free mice. The effector mechanism of microbiota-related metabolites such as bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, and short-chain fatty acids in the regulation of hyperlipidemia has been partially unveiled. Moreover, studies on gut-microbiota-targeted hyperlipidemia interventions, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and natural herbal medicines, also have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on the development and progression of hyperlipidemia, and the potential therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia targeted at gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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49
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen CC, Wu MS, Ho CT, Sheen LY. Modulation of gut microbiota by foods and herbs to prevent cardiovascular diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 13:107-118. [PMID: 36970453 PMCID: PMC10037074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrients are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) both through traditional pathways (inducing hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation) and through the emergence of a metaorganism-pathogenesis pathway (through the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and host). Several molecules from food play an important role as CVD risk-factor precursors either themselves or through the metabolism of the gut microbiome. Animal-based dietary proteins are the primary source of CVD risk-factor precursors; however, some plants also possess these precursors, though at relatively low levels compared with animal-source food products. Various medications have been developed to treat CVD through the gut-microbiota-circulation axis, and they exhibit potent effects in CVD treatment. Nevertheless, such medicines are still being improved, and there are many research gaps that need to be addressed. Furthermore, some medications have unpleasant or adverse effects. Numerous foods and herbs impart beneficial effects upon health and disease. In the past decade, many studies have focused on treating and preventing CVD by modulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites. This review provides an overview of the available information, summarizes current research related to the gut-microbiota-heart axis, enumerates the foods and herbs that are CVD-risk precursors, and illustrates how metabolites become CVD risk factors through the metabolism of gut microbiota. Moreover, we present perspectives on the application of foods and herbs-including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotic-like substances-as CVD prevention agents to modulate gut microbiota by inhibiting gut-derived CVD risk factors. Taxonomy classification by EVISE Cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota, herbal medicine, preventive medicine, dietary therapy, nutrition supplements.
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50
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Krueger ES, Lloyd TS, Tessem JS. The Accumulation and Molecular Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Metabolic Tissues: It's Not All Bad. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082873. [PMID: 34445033 PMCID: PMC8400152 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since elevated serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were first associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), TMAO research among chronic diseases has grown exponentially. We now know that serum TMAO accumulation begins with dietary choline metabolism across the microbiome-liver-kidney axis, which is typically dysregulated during pathogenesis. While CVD research links TMAO to atherosclerotic mechanisms in vascular tissue, its molecular effects on metabolic tissues are unclear. Here we report the current standing of TMAO research in metabolic disease contexts across relevant tissues including the liver, kidney, brain, adipose, and muscle. Since poor blood glucose management is a hallmark of metabolic diseases, we also explore the variable TMAO effects on insulin resistance and insulin production. Among metabolic tissues, hepatic TMAO research is the most common, whereas its effects on other tissues including the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells are largely unexplored. Studies on diseases including obesity, diabetes, liver diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cognitive diseases reveal that TMAO effects are unique under pathologic conditions compared to healthy controls. We conclude that molecular TMAO effects are highly context-dependent and call for further research to clarify the deleterious and beneficial molecular effects observed in metabolic disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Krueger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Trevor S. Lloyd
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
- Medical Education Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (E.S.K.); (T.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-422-9082
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