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Wu C, Wei X, Huang Z, Zheng Z, Zhang W, Chen J, Hong H, Li W. Urinary microbiome dysbiosis is associated with an inflammatory environment and perturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:628. [PMID: 38970045 PMCID: PMC11227203 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a common malignancy with high recurrence rate. Early diagnosis and recurrence surveillance are pivotal to patients' outcomes, which require novel minimal-invasive diagnostic tools. The urinary microbiome is associated with bladder cancer and can be used as biomarkers, but the underlying mechanism is to be fully illustrated and diagnostic performance to be improved. METHODS A total of 23 treatment-naïve bladder cancer patients and 9 non-cancerous subjects were enrolled into the Before group and Control group. After surgery, 10 patients from the Before group were further assigned into After group. Void mid-stream urine samples were collected and sent for 16S rDNA sequencing, targeted metabolomic profiling, and flow cytometry. Next, correlations were analyzed between microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the urinary biomarkers were plotted and compared. RESULTS Comparing to the Control group, levels of IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-8 (p < 0.05), and IL-10 (p < 0.05) were remarkably elevated in the Before group. The α diversity of urine microbiome was also significantly higher, with the feature microbiota positively correlated to the level of IL-6 (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Significant differences in metabolic composition were also observed between the Before and Control groups, with fatty acids and fatty acylcarnitines enriched in the Before group. After tumor resection, cytokine levels and the overall microbiome structure in the After group remained similar to that of the Before group, but fatty acylcarnitines were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed beta-oxidation of fatty acids was significantly involved (p < 0.001). ROC curves showed that the biomarker panel of Actinomycetaceae + arachidonic acid + IL-6 had superior diagnostic performance, with sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 1.00. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome dysbiosis, proinflammatory environment and altered fatty acids metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, which may throw light on novel noninvasive diagnostic tool development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Zhiyang Huang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Zhixiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Hongchang Hong
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian, 362011, China
| | - Weili Li
- Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Biotecan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201204, China.
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Lee BJ, Flood TR, Galan-Lopez N, McCormick JJ, King KE, Fujii N, Kenny GP. Changes in surrogate markers of intestinal epithelial injury and microbial translocation in young and older men during prolonged occupational heat stress in temperate and hot conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1049-1062. [PMID: 37815618 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exertional heat stress can cause damage to the intestinal epithelium and disrupt gastrointestinal barrier integrity, leading to microbial translocation (MT) linked to the development of heat stroke. This study aimed to assess age-related differences in markers of intestinal epithelial injury and MT following non-heat stress and high-heat stress exercise in healthy young and older men. METHODS Markers of intestinal epithelial injury (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein-'IFABP') and MT (soluble cluster of differentiation 14-'sCD14'; and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-'LBP') were assessed in healthy young (18-30 y, n = 13) and older (50-70 y) men (n = 12). Blood samples were collected before, after 180 min of moderate-intensity (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) walking and following 60 min recovery in either a non-heat stress [temperate: 21.9 °C, 35% relative humidity (RH)] or high-heat stress (hot: 41.4 °C, 35% RH) environment. RESULTS There were no differences in IFABP and sCD14 between the young and older groups in the temperate condition, while LBP was greater in the older group (+ 0.66 ug/mL; + 0.08 to + 1.24 ug/mL). In the hot condition, the older group experienced greater increases in IFABP compared to the young group (+ 712 pg/mL/hr; + 269 to + 1154 pg/mL/hr). However, there were no clear between-group differences for sCD14 (+ 0.24 ug/mL/hr, - 0.22 to + 0.70 ug/mL/hr) or LBP (+ 0.86 ug/mL/hr, - 0.73 to + 2.46 ug/mL/hr). CONCLUSION While older men may experience greater intestinal epithelial injury following exercise in the heat; this did not lead to a greater magnitude of microbial translocation relative to their younger counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Tessa R Flood
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Natalia Galan-Lopez
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Ave., Room 367, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kelli E King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Ave., Room 367, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Ave., Room 367, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Chen Z, Guan D, Wang Z, Li X, Dong S, Huang J, Zhou W. Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e417. [PMID: 37937304 PMCID: PMC10626288 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse bacterial populations within the symbiotic microbiota play a pivotal role in both health and disease. Microbiota modulates critical aspects of tumor biology including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This regulation occurs through mechanisms like enhancing genomic damage, hindering gene repair, activating aberrant cell signaling pathways, influencing tumor cell metabolism, promoting revascularization, and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. These microbiota-mediated effects significantly impact overall survival and the recurrence of tumors after surgery by affecting the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, leveraging the microbiota for the development of biovectors, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, in addition to utilizing antibiotics, dietary adjustments, defensins, oncolytic virotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation, offers promising alternatives for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, due to the extensive and diverse nature of the microbiota, along with tumor heterogeneity, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microbiota in cancer remain a subject of intense debate. In this context, we refocus on various cancers, delving into the molecular signaling pathways associated with the microbiota and its derivatives, the reshaping of the tumor microenvironmental matrix, and the impact on tolerance to tumor treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This exploration aims to shed light on novel perspectives and potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Defeng Guan
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Junjun Huang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuChina
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li W, Yang Y, Wu Z, Lyu Y, Yue C. Intestinal microbiota: a new perspective on delaying aging? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268142. [PMID: 38098677 PMCID: PMC10720643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global aging situation is severe, and the medical pressures associated with aging issues should not be underestimated. The need and feasibility of studying aging and intervening in aging have been confirmed. Aging is a complex natural physiological progression, which involves the irreversible deterioration of body cells, tissues, and organs with age, leading to enhanced risk of disease and ultimately death. The intestinal microbiota has a significant role in sustaining host dynamic balance, and the study of bidirectional communication networks such as the brain-gut axis provides important directions for human disease research. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota is intimately linked to aging. This review describes the intestinal microbiota changes in human aging and analyzes the causal controversy between gut microbiota changes and aging, which are believed to be mutually causal, mutually reinforcing, and inextricably linked. Finally, from an anti-aging perspective, this study summarizes how to achieve delayed aging by targeting the intestinal microbiota. Accordingly, the study aims to provide guidance for further research on the intestinal microbiota and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Zhang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Yan’an University of Physical Education, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wujuan Li
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Wu
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Lyu
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changwu Yue
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
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Xu Z, Man SS, Gong BY, Li ZD, Zhou HF, Peng YF, Zhao SW, Hou YL, Wang L, Bian YH. Bazi Bushen maintains intestinal homeostasis through inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota in SAMP6 mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7273-7283. [PMID: 37450639 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bazi Bushen is a Chinese patented medicine with multiple health benefits and geroprotective effects, yet, no research has explored its effects on intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bazi Bushen on intestinal inflammation and the potential mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6). The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting were used to determine the level of intestinal inflammation. The aging-related β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and Western blotting were used to measure the extent of intestinal aging. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) was performed to analyze the change in gut microbiota composition and distribution. RESULTS Bazi Bushen exerted remarkable protective effects in SAMP6, showing a regulated mucosal barrier and increased barrier integrity. It also suppressed intestinal inflammation through down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway (MYD88, p-p65, and TLR4). Bazi Bushen improved intestinal aging by reducing the area of SA-β-gal-positive cells and the expression of senescence markers p16, p21, and p53. In addition, Bazi Bushen effectively rebuilt the gut microbiota ecosystem by decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides and Klebsiella, whiles increasing the ratio of Lactobacillus/Bacteroides and the abundance of Akkermansia. CONCLUSION Our study shows that Bazi Bushen could serve as a potential therapy for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan-Shan Man
- Pharmaceutical Department, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Yang Gong
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Fei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Wu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Long Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Hong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Nelson TJ, Xu Y. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8304. [PMID: 37221295 PMCID: PMC10206146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA
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7
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Witasp A, Hernandez L, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Accelerated Vascular Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential for Novel Therapies. Circ Res 2023; 132:950-969. [PMID: 37053277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the scenario of uncontrolled artery wall aging processes, CKD (chronic kidney disease) stands out as a valid model for detailed structural, functional, and molecular studies of this process. The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental bidirectional interplay between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. In addition to established risk factors, this group of patients is subjected to a plethora of other emerging vascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency, cellular senescence, somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the uremic milieu triggers and maintains early vascular aging processes, has provided important new clues on inflammatory pathways and emerging risk factors alike, and to the altered behavior of cells in the arterial wall. Advances in the understanding of the biology of uremic early vascular aging opens avenues to novel pharmacological and nutritional therapeutic interventions. Such strategies hold promise to improve future prevention and treatment of early vascular aging not only in CKD but also in the elderly general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - S Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - A Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - L Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - K Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - P G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.G.S.)
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
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8
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Hao J, Li Y, Yu Y, Zheng L, Feng F. Gut microbiota characteristics of Mongolian and Han populations in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a population-based case-control study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36927469 PMCID: PMC10018964 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury (ADLI) is complicated and remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the relationship between the characteristics of gut microbiota and ADLI in Mongolian and Han patients with pulmonary TB and identify the most notable bacteria related to the occurrence of liver injury in those populations. METHODS Patients with concurrent liver injury (LI) and no liver injury (ULI) before receiving first-line anti-TB drug treatment (T1) from the Han population in Tangshan and the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia were selected as research subjects. At the time of liver injury (T2), stool samples were measured by bacterial 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to analyse and compare the differences in the gut microbiota of the LI and ULI Mongolian and Han patients at T1 and T2 and identify the differences between those patients. RESULTS A total of 45 Mongolian and 37 Han patients were enrolled in our study. A dynamic comparison from T1 to T2 showed that the microbiota of the LI and ULI groups changed significantly from T1 to T2 in both the Mongolian and Han populations. However, there were commonalities and personality changes in the microbiota of the two ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Differences in gut microbes in ADLI were found among the Han and Mongolian patients in our study. Ekmania and Stenotrophomonas were related to the occurrence of ADLI in Mongolian patients, while Ekmania and Ruminococcus__gnavus_group were related to the occurrence of ADLI in the Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province, 063210, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, 014030, Baotou, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanqin Yu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, 014030, Baotou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, 014010, Baotou, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei Province, 063210, Tangshan, China.
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Ghantous L, Volman Y, Hefez R, Wald O, Stern E, Friehmann T, Chajut A, Bremer E, Elhalel MD, Rachmilewitz J. The DNA damage response pathway regulates the expression of the immune checkpoint CD47. Commun Biol 2023; 6:245. [PMID: 36882648 PMCID: PMC9992352 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a cell surface ligand expressed on all nucleated cells. It is a unique immune checkpoint protein acting as "don't eat me" signal to prevent phagocytosis and is constitutively overexpressed in many tumors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for CD47 overexpression is not clear. Here, we show that irradiation (IR) as well as various other genotoxic agents induce elevated expression of CD47. This upregulation correlates with the extent of residual double-strand breaks (DSBs) as determined by γH2AX staining. Interestingly, cells lacking mre-11, a component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex that plays a central role in DSB repair, or cells treated with the mre-11 inhibitor, mirin, fail to elevate the expression of CD47 upon DNA damage. On the other hand, both p53 and NF-κB pathways or cell-cycle arrest do not play a role in CD47 upregualtion upon DNA damage. We further show that CD47 expression is upregulated in livers harvested from mice treated with the DNA-damage inducing agent Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and in cisplatin-treated mesothelioma tumors. Hence, our results indicate that CD47 is upregulated following DNA damage in a mre-11-dependent manner. Chronic DNA damage response in cancer cells might contribute to constitutive elevated expression of CD47 and promote immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ghantous
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Volman
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Hefez
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Wald
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Stern
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Friehmann
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Dranitzki Elhalel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Jacob Rachmilewitz
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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10
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Sun J, Zhong X, Sun D, Xu L, Shi L, Sui J, Liu Y. Anti-aging effects of polysaccharides from ginseng extract residues in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1072-1084. [PMID: 36414078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a process of progressive deterioration of multiple physiological functions within an organism. This study investigated the anti-aging effects of polysaccharides extracted from ginsenoside residues (GRP) in Caenorhabditis elegans using physiological, microbiomic, and transcriptomic approaches. GRP treatment prolonged the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 58.60 % (19.64 days) and did not affect locomotive behaviors. It reduced levels of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased superoxide dismutase activity, which prevented oxidative damage caused by aging. Microbiomic data indicated that GRP administration significantly altered the composition of gut flora and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Transcriptomic analyses identified 201 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GRP treatment may enhance fatty acid degradation and induce preferential synthesis of beneficial fatty acids. It may also activate the metabolism of certain amino acids. The transcriptomic data were reliably reproduced using seven vital DEGs, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. These findings show that GRP has positive effects that prolong lifespan and alleviate aging in C. elegans. GRP should be explored as an effective dietary supplement for the development of functional foods. We propose a potentially novel mechanism that more fully describes the anti-aging mechanisms induced by GRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250103, Shandong, China
| | - Liren Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinling Sui
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Harnett MM, Doonan J, Lumb FE, Crowe J, Damink RO, Buitrago G, Duncombe-Moore J, Wilkinson DI, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett W. The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953053. [PMID: 36105811 PMCID: PMC9465317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant increases in human lifespan over the last century, adoption of high calorie diets (HCD) has driven global increases in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, disorders precluding corresponding improvements in healthspan. Reflecting that such conditions are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, evidence is emerging that infection with parasitic helminths might protect against obesity-accelerated ageing, by virtue of their evolution of survival-promoting anti-inflammatory molecules. Indeed, ES-62, an anti-inflammatory secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, improves the healthspan of both male and female C57BL/6J mice undergoing obesity-accelerated ageing and also extends median lifespan in male animals, by positively impacting on inflammatory, adipose metabolic and gut microbiome parameters of ageing. We therefore explored whether ES-62 affects the osteoimmunology axis that integrates environmental signals, such as diet and the gut microbiome to homeostatically regulate haematopoiesis and training of immune responses, which become dysregulated during (obesity-accelerated) ageing. Of note, we find sexual dimorphisms in the decline in bone health, and associated dysregulation of haematopoiesis and consequent peripheral immune responses, during obesity-accelerated ageing, highlighting the importance of developing sex-specific anti-ageing strategies. Related to this, ES-62 protects trabecular bone structure, maintaining bone marrow (BM) niches that counter the ageing-associated decline in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functionality highlighted by a bias towards myeloid lineages, in male but not female, HCD-fed mice. This is evidenced by the ability of ES-62 to suppress the adipocyte and megakaryocyte bias and correspondingly promote increases in B lymphocytes in the BM. Furthermore, the consequent prevention of ageing-associated myeloid/lymphoid skewing is associated with reduced accumulation of inflammatory CD11c+ macrophages and IL-1β in adipose tissue, disrupting the perpetuation of inflammation-driven dysregulation of haematopoiesis during obesity-accelerated ageing in male HCD-fed mice. Finally, we report the ability of small drug-like molecule analogues of ES-62 to mimic some of its key actions, particularly in strongly protecting trabecular bone structure, highlighting the translational potential of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E. Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roel Olde Damink
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Buitrago
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Duncombe-Moore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie I. Wilkinson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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12
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Martin A, Woolbright BL, Umar S, Ingersoll MA, Taylor JA. Bladder cancer, inflammageing and microbiomes. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:495-509. [PMID: 35798831 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is correlated with elevated bladder cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. Advanced age is also associated with elevated markers of chronic inflammation and perturbations in gut and urinary tract microbiota. One reason for the increased incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in the elderly might be that age-associated changes in multiple microbiomes induce systemic metabolic changes that contribute to immune dysregulation with potentially tumorigenic effects. The gut and urinary microbiomes could be dysregulated in bladder cancer, although the effect of these changes is poorly understood. Each of these domains - the immune system, gut microbiome and urinary microbiome - might also influence the response of patients with bladder cancer to treatment. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insight into the risk of bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. In patients with bladder cancer, improved understanding of microbiota might also provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity group, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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13
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Lv T, Xiong X, Yan W, Liu M, Xu H, He Q. Targeting of GSDMD sensitizes HCC to anti-PD-1 by activating cGAS pathway and downregulating PD-L1 expression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004763. [PMID: 35688553 PMCID: PMC9189836 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is well known as a downstream of inflammasomes. However, the roles of GSDMD itself in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. METHODS Two independent cohorts of patients with HCC were analyzed to evaluate the pathological relevance of GSDMD/pTBK1/PD-L1. GSDMD knockout (GSDMD-/-) mice, Alb-Cre mice administered with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector that expressed the gasdermin-N domain (AAV9-FLEX-GSDMD-N) and their wild-type littermates were used to induce hepatocarcinogenesis or metastatic HCC. Combination of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and GSDMD inhibitor dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was used to test for improved therapeutic efficacy. RNA sequencing was used to explore the mechanisms how GSDMD promoted HCC progression. RESULTS The expression of GSDMD and GSDMD-N was upregulated in HCC tissues or metastatic HCC tissues and positive GSDMD expression indicated grim prognosis. Diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide-treated GSDMD-/- mice exhibited decreased liver tumors. In contrast, AAV9-FLEX-GSDMD-N promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. RNA sequencing manifested that knockout of GSDMD impacted the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) pathway and immune-associated pathway. GSDMD damped cGAS activation by promoting autophagy via outputting potassium (K+) and promoted programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression by histone deacetylases/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-induced transactivation of PD-L1 via importing calcium (Ca2+). High Mobility Group Box 1/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/caspase-1 pathway contributed to the overexpression and cleavage of GSDMD. Anti-PD-1 combining with DMF largely impaired HCC progression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Targeting GSDMD could promote expression of interferons through inactivation of cGAS pathway and downregulated the PD-L1 expression. Therefore, combined anti-PD-1 and GSDMD inhibitor might serve as an effective treatment option for patients with HCC with GSDMD upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiong
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Resveratrol and neuroprotection: an insight into prospective therapeutic approaches against Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4384-4404. [PMID: 35545730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive impairment; yet, there is currently no treatment. A buildup of Aβ, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD is pathogenic. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in these neurocognitive areas is a significant characteristic of the disease. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ peptide aggregation has been proposed as the critical therapeutic approach for AD treatment. Resveratrol has been demonstrated in multiple studies to have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristic and the ability to minimize Aβ peptides aggregation and toxicity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients, stimulating neurogenesis and inhibiting hippocampal degeneration. Furthermore, resveratrol's antioxidant effect promotes neuronal development by activating the silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1), which can protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Resveratrol-induced SIRT1 activation is becoming more crucial in developing novel therapeutic options for AD and other diseases that have neurodegenerative characteristics. This review highlighted a better knowledge of resveratrol's mechanism of action and its promising therapeutic efficacy in treating AD. We also highlighted the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an AD therapeutic agent, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders.
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15
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DNA damage alters EGFR signaling and reprograms cellular response via Mre-11. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5760. [PMID: 35388101 PMCID: PMC8986772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the various DNA lesions and their harmful effects, cells have evolved different strategies, collectively referred as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR largely relies on intranuclear protein networks, which sense DNA lesions, recruit DNA repair enzymes, and coordinates several aspects of the cellular response, including a temporary cell cycle arrest. In addition, external cues mediated by the surface EGF receptor (EGFR) through downstream signaling pathways contribute to the cellular DNA repair capacity. However, cell cycle progression driven by EGFR activation should be reconciled with cell cycle arrest necessary for effective DNA repair. Here, we show that in damaged cells, the expression of Mig-6 (mitogen-inducible gene 6), a known regulator of EGFR signaling, is reduced resulting in heightened EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. These changes in Mig-6 expression and EGFR signaling do not occur in cells deficient of Mre-11, a component of the MRN complex, playing a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair or when cells are treated with the MRN inhibitor, mirin. RNAseq and functional analysis reveal that DNA damage induces a shift in cell response to EGFR triggering that potentiates DDR-induced p53 pathway and cell cycle arrest. These data demonstrate that the cellular response to EGFR triggering is skewed by components of the DDR, thus providing a plausible explanation for the paradox of the known role played by a growth factor such as EGFR in the DNA damage repair.
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16
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Anhê FF, Zlitni S, Barra NG, Foley KP, Nilsson MI, Nederveen JP, Koch LG, Britton SL, Tarnopolsky MA, Schertzer JD. Life-long exercise training and inherited aerobic endurance capacity produce converging gut microbiome signatures in rodents. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15215. [PMID: 35246957 PMCID: PMC8897742 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High aerobic endurance capacity can be acquired by training and/or inherited. Aerobic exercise training (AET) and aging are linked to altered gut microbiome composition, but it is unknown if the environmental stress of exercise and host genetics that predispose for higher exercise capacity have similar effects on the gut microbiome during aging. We hypothesized that exercise training and host genetics would have conserved effects on the gut microbiome across different rodents. We studied young sedentary (Y-SED, 2-month-old) mice, old sedentary (O-SED, 26-month-old) mice, old mice with life-long AET (O-AET, 26-month-old), and aged rats selectively bred for high (HCR [High Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) and low (LCR [Low Capacity Runner], 21-month-old) aerobic capacity. Our results showed that O-SED mice had lower running capacity than Y-SED mice. The fecal microbiota of O-SED mice had a higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum, but lower Bacteroidales, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Anaeroplasma. O-AET mice had a higher running capacity than O-SED mice. O-AET mice had lower fecal levels of Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacteriaceae, and Allobaculum and higher Anaeroplasma than O-SED mice. Similar to O-AET mice, but despite no exercise training regime, aged HCR rats had lower Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and expansion of certain Bacteroidales in the fecal microbiome compared to LCR rats. Our data show that environmental and genetic modifiers of high aerobic endurance capacity produce convergent gut microbiome signatures across different rodent species during aging. Therefore, we conclude that host genetics and life-long exercise influence the composition of the gut microbiome and can mitigate gut dysbiosis and functional decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Soumaya Zlitni
- Departments of Genetics and MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole G. Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoCollege of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUnited States
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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17
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Chen LH, Chang SS, Chang HY, Wu CH, Pan CH, Chang CC, Chan CH, Huang HY. Probiotic supplementation attenuates age-related sarcopenia via the gut-muscle axis in SAMP8 mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:515-531. [PMID: 34766473 PMCID: PMC8818665 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related muscle dysfunctions are common disorders resulting in poor quality of life in the elderly. Probiotic supplementation is a potential strategy for preventing age-related sarcopenia as evidence suggests that probiotics can enhance muscle function via the gut-muscle axis. However, the effects and mechanisms of probiotics in age-related sarcopenia are currently unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS), a probiotic previously reported to improve muscle function in young adult mice. METHODS We administered LcS (1 × 108 or 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) by oral gavage to senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice for 12 weeks (16- to 28-week-old). Sixteen-week-old and 28-week-old SMAP8 mice were included as non-aged and aged controls, respectively. Muscle condition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for muscle mass, holding impulse and grip strength tests for muscle strength, and oxygen consumption rate, gene expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial number assays for mitochondria function. Inflammatory cytokines were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to measure the short-chain fatty acid levels. The gut microbiota was analysed based on the data of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of mouse stool. RESULTS The LcS supplementation reduced age-related declines in muscle mass (>94.6%, P < 0.04), strength (>66% in holding impulse and >96.3% in grip strength, P < 0.05), and mitochondrial function (P < 0.05). The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (acetic, isobutyric, butyric, penic, and hexanoic acid) was recovered by LcS (>65.9% in the mice given high dose of LcS, P < 0.05) in the aged mice, and LcS attenuated age-related increases in inflammation (P < 0.05) and reactive oxygen species (>89.4%, P < 0.001). The high dose of LcS supplementation was also associated with distinct microbiota composition as indicated by the separation of groups in the beta-diversity analysis (P = 0.027). LcS supplementation altered predicted bacterial functions based on the gut microbiota. Apoptosis (P = 0.026), p53 signalling (P = 0.017), and non-homologous end-joining (P = 0.031) were significantly reduced, whereas DNA repair and recombination proteins (P = 0.043), RNA polymerase (P = 0.008), and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (P = 0.003) were increased. Finally, the genera enriched by high-dose LcS [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score > 2.0] were positively correlated with healthy muscle and physiological condition (P < 0.05), while the genera enriched in aged control mice (LDA score > 2.0) were negatively associated with healthy muscle and physiological condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus casei Shirota represents an active modulator that regulates the onset and progression of age-related muscle impairment potentially via the gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shy-Shin Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Fang X, Yue M, Wei J, Wang Y, Hong D, Wang B, Zhou X, Chen T. Evaluation of the Anti-Aging Effects of a Probiotic Combination Isolated From Centenarians in a SAMP8 Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:792746. [PMID: 34925376 PMCID: PMC8674427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging is a prominent global problem in today’s society. However, there are currently no good methods to treat or prevent aging, so anti-aging research has crucial implications. In this research, we screened bacteria from centenarians, and finally selected four probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum SX-0718, L. casei SX-1107, Bifidobacterium longum SX-1326, and B. animalis SX-0582) to form a probiotic combination. By using the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model, the anti-aging effects of the probiotic combination were evaluated by using behavioural testing, neuroinflammation, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal microbiota. The results showed that probiotic combination improved the impaired spatial memory, motor dysfunction, and decreased exploratory behavior in aging mice. The probiotic combination inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-induced neuroinflammation and up-regulated the expression of Sirt 1 to protect hippocampal neurons. At the same time, the probiotic combination regulated the intestinal microbiota, reduced the relative abundance of Alistipes and Prevotella in SAMP8 mice, inhibited TLR4/NFκB-induced intestinal inflammation, and increased the expression of intestinal permeability related proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occuldin. The anti-aging effects of the probiotic combination may be through the regulating intestinal microbiota and inhibiting TLR4/NFκB-induced inflammation. This research provides the basis and technical support for the future production and application of the probiotic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengyun Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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19
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The human fungal pathogen Malassezia and its role in cancer. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Colonization in Early Life Ameliorates Inflammaging of Offspring by Activating SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1 α Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3328505. [PMID: 34804363 PMCID: PMC8601837 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3328505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammaging refers to chronic, low-grade inflammation during aging, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Studies have shown that probiotic intervention in the aging stage could delay aging-related disorders. However, whether the application of probiotics in early life could have antiaging effects on offspring was unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization in early life on inflammaging of offspring. Pregnant mice with the same conception time were given LGG live bacteria (LC group) or LGG fixed bacteria (NC group) from the 18th day after pregnancy until natural birth. The progeny mice were treated with 107 cfu of live or fixed LGG for 0-5 days after birth, respectively. LGG colonization could be detected in the feces of 3-week offspring. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of 3-week-old offspring showed that colonization of LGG in early life could alter the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of LGG colonization in early life on the microbiota lasted to 8 months old. The abundance of longevity-related bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia muciniphila) increased significantly in the LGG colonization group. In addition, LGG colonization increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid- (SCFA-) producing bacteria and the production of cecal SCFAs. LGG colonization in early life protected the intestinal barrier, enhanced antioxidant defense, attenuated epithelial cell DNA damage, and inhibited intestinal low-grade inflammation in 8-month-old progeny mice. Mechanically, LGG could upregulate Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) pathway and repress activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), while the protective effect of LGG was blunted after SIRT1 gene silencing. Together, LGG colonization in early life could ameliorate inflammaging of offspring, which would provide a new strategy for the prevention of age-related diseases.
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21
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Yamamoto K, Honda T, Yokoyama S, Ma L, Kato A, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Nakamura M, Kawashima H, Ishigami M, Tsuji NM, Fujishiro M. Microbiome, fibrosis and tumor networks in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model of a choline-deficient high-fat diet using diethylnitrosamine. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1443-1450. [PMID: 33726979 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is caused by the complex factors of inflammation, fibrosis and microbiomes. We used network analysis to examine the interrelationships of these factors. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were categorized into groups: choline-sufficient high-fat (CSHF, n = 8), choline-deficient high-fat (CDHF, n = 9), and CDHF+ diethylnitrosamine (DEN, n = 8). All mice were fed CSHF or CDHF for 20 weeks starting at week 8, and mice in the CDHF + DEN group received one injection of DEN at 3 weeks of age. Bacterial gene was isolated from feces and analyzed using Miseq. RESULTS The CSHF group had less fibrosis than the other groups. Tumors were found in 22.2% and 87.5% of the CDHF group and CDHF + DEN groups, respectively. Gene expression in the liver of Cdkn1a (p21: tumor-suppressor) and c-jun was highest in the CDHF group. Bacteroides, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Clostridium correlated with fibrosis. Streptococcus and Dorea correlated with inflammation and tumors. Akkermansia and Bilophila were inversely correlated with fibrosis and Bifidobacterium was inversely correlated with tumors. CONCLUSIONS DEN suppressed the overexpression of p21 caused by CDHF. Some bacteria formed a relationship networking associated with their progression and inhibition for tumors and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lingyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Lee MH. Harness the functions of gut microbiome in tumorigenesis for cancer treatment. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:937-967. [PMID: 34355542 PMCID: PMC8504147 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to physiological changes and links to a number of diseases, including cancers. Thus, many cancer categories and treatment regimens should be investigated in the context of the microbiome. Owing to the availability of metagenome sequencing and multiomics studies, analyses of species characterization, host genetic changes, and metabolic profile of gut microbiota have become feasible, which has facilitated an exponential knowledge gain about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations, and host interactions during tumorigenesis. However, the complexity of the gut microbiota, with a plethora of uncharacterized host‐microbe, microbe‐microbe, and environmental interactions, still contributes to the challenge of advancing our knowledge of the microbiota‐cancer interactions. These interactions manifest in signaling relay, metabolism, immunity, tumor development, genetic instability, sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review summarizes current studies/molecular mechanisms regarding the association between the gut microbiota and the development of cancers, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed for cancer diagnosis, treatment, or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Hong Lee
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China
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23
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The two facets of gp130 signalling in liver tumorigenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:609-624. [PMID: 34047814 PMCID: PMC8443519 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ with multiple functions and a large regenerative capacity. Tumours of the liver are the second most frequently cause of cancer-related death and develop in chronically inflamed livers. IL-6-type cytokines are mediators of inflammation and almost all members signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream signalling molecule STAT3. We here summarize current knowledge on how gp130 signalling and STAT3 in tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment drives hepatic tumorigenesis. We furthermore discuss very recent findings describing also anti-tumorigenic roles of gp130/STAT3 and important considerations for therapeutic interventions.
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and increased risk of aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges and are a public health priority. Despite extensive human genetics studies, limited progress has been made linking genetics with aging. There is a growing realization that the altered assembly, structure and dynamics of the gut microbiota actively participate in the aging process. Age-related microbial dysbiosis is involved in reshaping immune responses during aging, which manifest as immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction) that accompany many age-associated enteric and extraenteric diseases. The gut microbiota can be regulated, suggesting a potential target for aging interventions. This review summarizes recent findings on the physiological succession of gut microbiota across the life-cycle, the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in healthy aging, alterations of gut microbiota and aging-associated diseases, and the gut microbiota-targeted anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Characterization of the structure and analysis of the anti-oxidant effect of microalga Spirulina platensis polysaccharide on Caenorhabditis elegans mediated by modulating microRNAs and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2295-2305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Novel Approaches to Target Mutant FLT3 Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102806. [PMID: 33003568 PMCID: PMC7600363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a haematologic disease in which oncogenic mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 frequently lead to leukaemic development. Potent treatment of AML patients is still hampered by inefficient targeting of leukemic stem cells expressing constitutive active FLT3 mutants. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the regulation of FLT3 activity at cellular level and discusses therapeutical options to affect the tumor cells and the microenvironment to impair the haematological aberrations. Abstract Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and is involved in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation of haematopoietic progenitors of lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Oncogenic mutations in the FLT3 gene resulting in constitutively active FLT3 variants are frequently found in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and correlate with patient’s poor survival. Targeting FLT3 mutant leukaemic stem cells (LSC) is a key to efficient treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory AML. It is therefore essential to understand how LSC escape current therapies in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms of FLT3 activity regulation and its cellular consequences. Furthermore, we discuss how aberrant FLT3 signalling cooperates with other oncogenic lesions and the microenvironment to drive haematopoietic malignancies and how this can be harnessed for therapeutical purposes.
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27
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Schumacher N, Rose-John S, Schmidt-Arras D. ADAM-Mediated Signalling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145133. [PMID: 32698506 PMCID: PMC7404302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour growth is not solely driven by tumour cell-intrinsic mechanisms, but also depends on paracrine signals provided by the tumour micro-environment. These signals comprise cytokines and growth factors that are synthesized as trans-membrane proteins and need to be liberated by limited proteolysis also termed ectodomain shedding. Members of the family of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) are major mediators of ectodomain shedding and therefore initiators of paracrine signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ADAM proteases on tumour cells but also on cells of the tumour micro-environment contribute to the formation of gastrointestinal tumours, and discuss how these processes can be exploited pharmacologically.
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28
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Millyard A, Layden JD, Pyne DB, Edwards AM, Bloxham SR. Impairments to Thermoregulation in the Elderly During Heat Exposure Events. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2020; 6:2333721420932432. [PMID: 32596421 PMCID: PMC7297481 DOI: 10.1177/2333721420932432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat waves represent a public health risk to elderly people, and typically result in an increased rate of hospital admissions and deaths. Studies of thermoregulation in this cohort have generally focused on single elements such as sweating capacity. Sweating capacity and skin blood flow reduce with age, reducing ability to dissipate heat. Perception of effort during heat exposure is emerging as an area that needs further investigation as the elderly appear to lack the ability to adequately perceive increased physiological strain during heat exposure. The role of the gut and endotoxemia in heat stress has received attention in young adults, while the elderly population has been neglected. This shortcoming offers another potential avenue for identifying effective integrated health interventions to reduce heat illnesses. Increasing numbers of elderly individuals in populations worldwide are likely to increase the incidence of heat wave-induced deaths if adequate interventions are not developed, evaluated, and implemented. In this narrative-style review we identify and discuss health-related interventions for reducing the impact of heat illnesses in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B Pyne
- University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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