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Gill R, Karim ME, Puyat JH, Guhn M, Petteni MG, Oberle E, Janus M, Georgiades K, Gadermann AM. Childhood poverty, social support, immigration background and adolescent health and life satisfaction: A population-based longitudinal study. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39377536 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether poverty (neighborhood and household) was associated with future health or life satisfaction outcomes and whether the association operated through social support (adult support at home, adult support at school, peer belonging), or differed by the immigration background (nonimmigrant family or immigrant family) of the family. METHODS This study utilized a retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort that included self-reported survey data from the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) completed by children at age 9 and age 12, linked to administrative records. Participants included 5906 children in British Columbia, Canada. Neighborhood and household poverty were observed at age 8. Social support from adults and peers was self-reported at age 9. Outcomes (overall health; life satisfaction) were self-reported at age 12. Adjusted multi-level multiple linear regression analyses and parallel mediation analyses were utilized. The interaction between poverty exposure and immigration background was also examined. RESULTS Exposure to either poverty type was associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and overall health at age 12, though household poverty appeared to be associated with lower outcomes in comparison to neighborhood poverty. The indirect effects of poverty on outcomes appeared to operate primarily through adult support at home and peer belonging. Children in immigrant families had a larger negative association between neighborhood poverty and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Household poverty had a larger negative association to outcomes in comparison to neighborhood poverty. The association of poverty to outcomes differed by immigration background and operated partially through adult support at home and peer belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randip Gill
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph H Puyat
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monique Gagné Petteni
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anne M Gadermann
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Egbewale BE, Oyedeji O, Bump J, Sudfeld CR. Coverage and determinants of infant postnatal care in Nigeria: A population-based cross-sectional study. Pediatr Investig 2024; 8:27-36. [PMID: 38516141 PMCID: PMC10951556 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance In 2019, Nigeria had the largest number of under-5 child deaths globally and many of these deaths occurred within the first week of life. The World Health Organization recommends infant postnatal care (PNC) attendance to support newborn survival; however, utilization of PNC is known to be low in many contexts. Objective This study examined coverage and individual-level determinants of infant PNC attendance in Nigeria. Methods Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and determinants. Infant PNC was defined as receipt of care within 2 days of birth. Children delivered up to 2 years before the 2018 NDHS were included. We examined predictors of infant PNC with modified Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs). Results The national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.8%-38.7%). Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance existed at state and regional levels. Facility delivery was strongly associated with the uptake of PNC (RR: 6.07; 95% CI: 5.60-6.58). Greater maternal education, maternal employment, urban residence, female head of household, and greater wealth were also associated with an increased likelihood of PNC visits. Interpretation The uptake of infant PNC is low and interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand for PNC in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji Emmanuel Egbewale
- Department of Global Health and PopulationTakemi Program in International HealthHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health SciencesLadoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria
| | - Olusola Oyedeji
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health SciencesLadoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria
| | - Jesse Bump
- Department of Global Health and PopulationTakemi Program in International HealthHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christopher Robert Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and PopulationTakemi Program in International HealthHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Sloss IM, Smith J, Sebben S, Wade M, Prime H, Browne DT. Family functioning in the context of current and historical stressors: Exploring the buffering role of social support. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106711. [PMID: 38388324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can be passed onto future generations through complex biopsychosocial mechanisms. However, social support in caregivers who have experienced adversity may lead to adaptation. Most research on the intergenerational consequences of ACEs has focused on mental health in subsequent generations, while overlooking family functioning as an outcome. OBJECTIVE This pre-registered study addresses this gap by examining a hypothesized association between caregiver ACEs and caregiver-perceived family functioning, and the moderating role of social support. It was expected that high levels of social support would attenuate the association between caregiver ACEs and family functioning, controlling for contemporaneous stressors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data come from a multinational non-clinical sample (n = 310). METHODS Caregivers completed self-report measures to assess caregiver ACEs, social support, COVID stressors, and family dysfunction. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that the ACEs-by-social support interaction was not significant. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction between COVID stressors, ACEs, and social support (b = 0.001, SE < 0.001, p = .008). For lower adversity, social support protected against the association between COVID stressors and family dysfunction; however, for higher adversity, social support was only protective when COVID stressors were low. CONCLUSIONS Social support is protective against concurrent stressors during the pandemic in relation to family functioning, though this buffering depends on historical levels of adversity. Findings are interpreted through a trauma-informed lens and provide support for family-focused interventions and policies to mitigate the impact of stress on caregivers with high ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen M Sloss
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jackson Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sofia Sebben
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Mark Wade
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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4
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Folayan MO, Oginni AB, El Tantawi M, Adeniyi A, Alade M, Finlayson TL. Association between maternal decision-making and mental health and the nutritional status of children under 6 years of age in sub-urban Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1159. [PMID: 37322502 PMCID: PMC10268393 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the association between decision-making power and mental health status of mothers and the nutritional status of their children less than 6 years old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS This was a secondary data analysis of 1549 mother-child dyads collected through a household survey conducted between December 2019 and January 2020. The independent variables were maternal decision-making and mental health status (general anxiety, depressive symptoms, parental stress). The dependent variable was the child's nutritional status (thinness, stunting, underweight and overweight). Confounders were maternal income, age, and education status, and the child's age and sex. The associations between the dependent and independent variables were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were determined. RESULTS Children of mothers with mild general anxiety had lower odds of stunting than children of mothers with normal anxiety (AOR: 0.72; p = 0.034). Mothers who did not make decisions on children's access to health care (AOR: 0.65; p < 0.001) had children with lower odds of being thin than those whose mothers made decisions on their access to health care. Children of mothers with clinically significant parenting stress levels (AOR: 0.75; p = 0.033), severe depressive symptoms (AOR: 0.70; p = 0.041) and who were not decision makers on the access of their children to health care (AOR: 0.79; p = 0.035) had lower odds of underweight. CONCLUSIONS Maternal decision-making status and mental health status were associated with the nutritional status of children less than 6 years in a sub-urban community in Nigeria. Further studies are needed to understand how maternal mental health is associated with the nutritional status of Nigerian preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abiola Adeniyi
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Alade
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tracy L Finlayson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Parental psychosocial factors predicting adolescents' psychological adjustment during the surging and remission periods of COVID-19 in China: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:57-64. [PMID: 36183815 PMCID: PMC9525891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a critical role in adolescents' psychological adjustment, especially in stress response. Few studies have investigated parental impact on adolescents' psychological adjustment in the pandemic. The longitudinal study examined how parental psychosocial factors at the surging period of the pandemic (T1) in China predicted adolescents' anxiety and depression concurrently and at the remission periods three (T2) and six months (T3) later. METHODS Middle and high school students and their parents from three schools in Shanghai, China, completed online surveys on March 10, 2020 (T1), June 16, 2020 (T2), and Sep 25, 2020 (T3). Adolescents' anxiety/depression levels were assessed by matching self- and parent-reports at T1, T2, T3, and parents reported their psychological state (emotion and psychopathology), pandemic response (appraisal and coping), and perceived social support (PSS) at T1. RESULTS Parental positive/negative emotions, anxiety, depression, control-appraisal, forward- and trauma-focus coping style and PSS were all significantly related to their children's anxiety/depression at T1. All factors, except coping style, predicted adolescents' anxiety/depression at T2 and T3, even after controlling for T1 adjustment levels. Parental positive emotion and depression had the strongest impact on adolescents' adjustment. LIMITATIONS Some participants didn't complete the surveys at later time points, and the participants were only recruited in Shanghai. CONCLUSIONS The study found that parents' psychosocial factors played a pivotal role on adolescents' psychological adjustment during COVID-19, highlighting the need to provide help to parents who were suffering from potential psychological distress.
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Takahashi I, Murakami K, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi S, Igarashi A, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T, Matsuzaki F, Kobayashi N, Hamada H, Iwama N, Saito M, Sugawara J, Tomita H, Yaegashi N, Kure S, Kuriyama S. Association of maternal psychological distress and the use of childcare facilities with children's behavioral problems: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:693. [PMID: 36357866 PMCID: PMC9650864 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childcare facilities are a factor that lowers the established association of mother's postnatal psychiatric symptoms with children's behavioral problems. However, no studies have considered the prenatal psychiatric symptoms yet. This study examined whether the use of childcare facilities moderates the association of maternal psychological distress in early pregnancy and at two years postpartum with behavioral problems in children aged four years. METHODS The present study was based on the data from 23,130 mother-child pairs participating in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. K6 was used to classify maternal psychological distress in early pregnancy and at two years postpartum into four categories: none in both prenatal and postnatal periods (none), only the prenatal period (prenatal only); only the postnatal period (postnatal only); both prenatal and postnatal periods (both). The children's behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5 (CBCL) aged four years. The clinical range of the externalizing, internalizing, and total problem scales of the CBCL was defined as having behavioral problems. To examine whether availing childcare facilities moderates the association between maternal psychological distress and children's behavioral problems, we conducted a stratified analysis based on the use of childcare facilities or not, at two years of age. The interaction term between maternal psychological distress and use of childcare facilities was included as a covariate in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to confirm the p-value for the interaction. RESULTS The prevalence of the clinical ranges of externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and clinical range of total problems were 13.7%, 15.4%, and 5.8%, respectively. The association of maternal psychological distress with a high risk of children's behavioral problems was significant; however, the association between prenatal only psychological distress and externalizing problems in the group that did not use childcare facilities was not significant. Interactions between the use of childcare facilities and maternal psychological distress on behavioral problems in children were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Use of childcare facilities did not moderate the association of maternal psychological distress in early pregnancy and at two years postpartum with behavioral problems in children aged four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Takahashi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Saya Kikuchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayaka Igarashi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsuzaki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Natsuko Kobayashi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Ahmad SI, Rudd KL, LeWinn KZ, Mason WA, Murphy L, Juarez PD, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S, Tylavsky FA, Bush NR. Maternal childhood trauma and prenatal stressors are associated with child behavioral health. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:483-493. [PMID: 34666865 PMCID: PMC9018870 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal adversity and prenatal stress confer risk for child behavioral health problems. Few studies have examined this intergenerational process across multiple dimensions of stress; fewer have explored potential protective factors. Using a large, diverse sample of mother-child dyads, we examined associations between maternal childhood trauma, prenatal stressors, and offspring socioemotional-behavioral development, while also examining potential resilience-promoting factors. The Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning and Early Childhood (CANDLE) study prospectively followed 1503 mother-child dyads (65% Black, 32% White) from pregnancy. Exposures included maternal childhood trauma, socioeconomic risk, intimate partner violence, and geocode-linked neighborhood violent crime during pregnancy. Child socioemotional-behavioral functioning was measured via the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (mean age = 1.1 years). Maternal social support and parenting knowledge during pregnancy were tested as potential moderators. Multiple linear regressions (N = 1127) revealed that maternal childhood trauma, socioeconomic risk, and intimate partner violence were independently, positively associated with child socioemotional-behavioral problems at age one in fully adjusted models. Maternal parenting knowledge moderated associations between both maternal childhood trauma and prenatal socioeconomic risk on child problems: greater knowledge was protective against the effects of socioeconomic risk and was promotive in the context of low maternal history of childhood trauma. Findings indicate that multiple dimensions of maternal stress and adversity are independently associated with child socioemotional-behavioral problems. Further, modifiable environmental factors, including knowledge regarding child development, can mitigate these risks. Both findings support the importance of parental screening and early intervention to promote child socioemotional-behavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh I Ahmad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristen L Rudd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul D Juarez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Koop J, Holliday D, Mathews BL, Namaste J, Alt R, Biel CH. Efficacy of a peer-based in-home education program in improving social-emotional outcomes of parents and children. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:783-796. [PMID: 35913374 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Significant disparities in education and social-emotional outcomes exist between racial/ethnic groups, particularly impacting children growing up in impoverished environments. Home visitation intervention programs, such as the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY), have been used for decades to improve academic readiness in these vulnerable preschool-aged children. Although the benefits of HIPPY on academic readiness and performance are well-documented, there has been no examination of social-emotional benefits to participating parent-child dyads. This study followed a HIPPY cohort over the course of 1 year to evaluate change in maternal and child social-emotional and behavioral functioning. Program participants demonstrated reduced parental stress and depression and increased parental social connection as well as reduced child externalizing behaviors and improved child adaptive functioning over the course of the program, even in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown. These data highlight the additional benefits of early home-based academic intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koop
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel Holliday
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brittany L Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Alt
- HIPPY Program, COA Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Liu C, Zhang L, Ahmed F, Shahid M, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo J. Family Care, Economic Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Difference by Urban and Rural Areas. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:700493. [PMID: 34366929 PMCID: PMC8335154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although several studies have shown an association of family care with a high level of depressive symptoms, the relationship between them remains indistinguishable. Objective: This study aims to examine the associations between family care, economic stress, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults in urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Based on cross-sectional data collected through online surveys from February 1st to 10th 2020 in China the present study recruited 2,858 adults. It used multiple linear regression to examine the association between family care and depressive symptoms, while economic stress was examined as moderators on the above relationship. Results: The results showed that caring for both the elderly and children was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms compared with non-caregivers (B = 2.584, 95%CI: 1.254, 3.915), and a similar result was also found in urban areas. Also, caring for the elderly only was also had a higher level of depressive symptoms than non-caregivers in rural areas (B = 3.135, 95%CI: 0.745, 5.525). Meeting the care needs was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms compared with unmet care needs, while for rural caregivers, the results were not significant. Besides, economic stress strengthened the effect of family care needs on depressive symptoms for sandwich-generation caregivers who provide care to both the elderly and children (B = 0.605, 95%CI: 0.077, 1.134). While in rural areas, the moderation effects of economic stress were only found for elderly caregivers (B = 1.106, 95%CI: 0.178, 2.035). Conclusion: These findings suggest that we should pay more attention to the family caregiver's mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, more effective policies should be developed to provide financial support for family caregivers, especially for sandwich-generation caregivers and rural elderly caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Farooq Ahmed
- Nutritional Anthropologist, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Former Research Associate University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlan Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Asselmann E, Garthus-Niegel S, Martini J. Personality and Peripartum Changes in Perceived Social Support: Findings From Two Prospective-Longitudinal Studies in (Expectant) Mothers and Fathers. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:814152. [PMID: 35126214 PMCID: PMC8811288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.814152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine changes in perceived social support from early pregnancy to 2 years postpartum and to test whether these changes (a) differ between mothers and fathers or (b) vary as a function of the Big Five personality traits. BACKGROUND Higher peripartum social support in (expectant) mothers and fathers has been associated with fewer complications during pregnancy and delivery as well as better parental and offspring health. METHODS Prospective-longitudinal data from two regional-epidemiological samples from Germany were used: MARI (N = 396, including n = 293 mothers and n = 103 fathers) and DREAM (N = 2,819, including n = 1,689 mothers and n = 1,130 fathers). The Big Five personality traits were assessed during pregnancy in MARI as well as 8 weeks after the anticipated birth date in DREAM with short forms of the Big Five Inventory. Perceived social support was assessed during pregnancy, 4 months postpartum, and 16 months postpartum in MARI as well as during pregnancy, 14 months postpartum, and 2 years postpartum in DREAM using the short version of the Social Support Questionnaire. RESULTS Multilevel analyses revealed that perceived social support decreased across the peripartum period, and this decrease did not differ between mothers and fathers. More extraverted, emotionally stable, agreeable, conscientious, and open parents perceived higher levels of social support across the peripartum period. The peripartum decrease of perceived social support was smaller in parents who were more extraverted. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that especially extraversion plays an important role for high and stable levels of perceived social support across the peripartum period. IMPLICATIONS Particularly highly introverted parents might profit from targeted social support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Asselmann
- Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Martini
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Science, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Maternal depression symptoms, child behavior problems, and their transactional relations: Probing the role of formal childcare. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:831-844. [PMID: 31455436 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Among children exposed to elevated maternal depression symptoms (MDS), recent studies have demonstrated reduced internalizing and externalizing problems for those who have attended formal childcare (i.e., center-based, family-based childcare). However, these studies did not consider whether childcare attendance is associated with benefits for the child only or also with reduced MDS. Using a four-wave longitudinal cross-lagged model, we evaluated whether formal childcare attendance was associated with MDS or child behavior problems and whether it moderated longitudinal associations between MDS and child behavior problems and between child behavior problems and MDS. The sample was drawn from a population-based cohort study and consisted of 908 biologically related mother-child dyads, followed from 5 months to 5 years. Attending formal childcare was not associated with MDS or child behavior problems but moderated the association between MDS at 3.5 years and child internalizing and externalizing problems at 5 years as well as between girls' externalizing problems at 3.5 years and MDS at 5 years. No other moderation of formal childcare was found. Findings suggest that attending formal childcare reduces the risks of behavior problems in the context of MDS but also the risk of MDS in the context of girls' externalizing problems.
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12
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Charrois J, Côté SM, Paquin S, Séguin JR, Japel C, Vitaro F, Kim-Cohen J, Tremblay RE, Herba CM. Maternal depression in early childhood and child emotional and behavioral outcomes at school age: examining the roles of preschool childcare quality and current maternal depression symptomatology. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:637-648. [PMID: 31410578 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the association between maternal depression and child outcome can be moderated by children's experience of childcare (e.g., daycare) during early childhood (0-5 years). We also know that maternal depression in the child's early years has long-term associations with child development. However, the moderating role of childcare quality on long-term associations between maternal depression and child outcome has not been thoroughly investigated. This article examined longitudinal associations between probable maternal depression (PMD) during early childhood (0-5 years) and childcare quality on children's emotional and behavioral development at the age of 7-8 years (N = 207). Childcare quality was evaluated through observations within the settings. PMD during early childhood was assessed using complementary information from interviews conducted with the mother and current maternal symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were reported by the mother, father and the child at age 7-8 years. Results indicate that when mothers reported clinically relevant depression in early childhood, 7-8-year-old children demonstrate fewer behavioral problems if they attended a higher quality childcare setting. The moderating role of childcare quality remained after considering current maternal depression symptoms. Therefore, it is important to ensure high-quality childcare during early childhood to optimize child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Charrois
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Paquin
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christa Japel
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada.,Department of Education and specialized training, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psycho-education, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia Kim-Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Herba
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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13
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Hatch V, Swerbenski H, Gray SAO. Family social support buffers the intergenerational association of maternal adverse childhood experiences and preschoolers' externalizing behavior. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2020; 90:489-501. [PMID: 32250128 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous work demonstrating that an accumulation of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with negative health outcomes across generations, few studies have investigated protective factors beyond the parent-child dyad in the intergenerational transmission of adversity. The current study extends previous findings by examining maternal family social support as a culturally relevant buffer in the association between mothers' ACEs and her children's behavior problems in early childhood. Participants included 121 African American mothers and their preschool-aged children experiencing high sociodemographic risk. Mothers completed questionnaires on ACEs, perceived family social support, children's violence exposure and behavior problems as well as relevant demographics. Maternal family social support moderated the relation between maternal ACEs and children's externalizing behaviors (b = -.14, p < .01), such that children of mothers who reported high ACEs and also moderate to high family social support did not show elevated externalizing behaviors; this pattern was not observed for internalizing behaviors (b = -.06, p = .06). Additionally, the intergenerational buffering effects of family social support were observed above and beyond mothers' psychopathology and children's exposure to violence. These results have implications for culturally relevant prevention and intervention efforts supporting African American mothers with young children that reflect resiliency in the face of disparities across generations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Hatch
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University
| | - Hannah Swerbenski
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University
| | - Sarah A O Gray
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University
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14
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Hetherington E, McDonald S, Williamson T, Tough S. Trajectories of social support in pregnancy and early postpartum: findings from the All Our Families cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:259-267. [PMID: 31256206 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low social support during the perinatal period can increase the risk of postpartum depression and anxiety after giving birth but little is known about women's trajectories of social support during this time. This study will identify trajectories of social support among women from second trimester to 4-month postpartum, and the characteristics associated with different trajectories. METHODS Data from the All Our Families longitudinal birth cohort was used to assess women's perceived social support during their second trimester, third trimester, and at 4-month postpartum (n = 3387). Group-based trajectory modeling was used to determine the number of groups, shape of trajectories, and proportion of women with differing trajectories. Multinomial regression was used to compare probability of group membership. RESULTS Six distinct trajectory groups were identified, with the majority of participants belonging to groups with stable, high social support (60.6%). Only 2.7% of women had consistently low levels of social support, and 2.3% had rising levels. Membership in groups with lower levels of social support was associated with lower incomes and minority ethnicity. Women whose support improved over time may be more likely to be employed in pregnancy than those whose support remained low. CONCLUSION Trajectories of social support are relatively stable in pregnancy and early postpartum. Socio-demographic indicators of vulnerability predict initial levels of support, and participating in the workforce may help improve perception of support over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hetherington
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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15
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Paquin C, Côté SM, Tremblay RE, Séguin JR, Boivin M, Herba CM. Maternal depressive symptoms and children's cognitive development: Does early childcare and child's sex matter? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227179. [PMID: 31923279 PMCID: PMC6953844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) have been associated with poorer child cognitive development. Some studies have shown that childcare attendance moderates associations between MDS and child behavior problems, but we do not know if this is the case for children's cognitive development. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated whether associations between MDS and child cognitive development differ for boys and girls at school entry. METHODS This study used data from a population-based cohort study (n = 1364) comprising well-validated measures of children's cognitive development including academic readiness and language development in kindergarten and reading and mathematics achievement in first grade. Information on MDS was collected repeatedly from the child's age of 5 months to 5 years and on childcare from 5 months to 4.5 years. Moderation analyses were conducted to evaluate the differential associations of MDS with children's outcomes depending on the type of childcare attended and the child's sex. RESULTS Childcare type or child's sex did not moderate associations between MDS and children's cognitive outcomes except for MDS being associated with lower scores on reading achievement in first grade for girls with a very small effect size (sr2 = .003). Childcare attendance was associated with higher scores for children's cognitive development, however these associations disappeared after adjusting for covariates including child, mother and family characteristics. Regardless of MDS and childcare type, boys had, even after adjusting for covariates, lower scores on academic readiness (sr2 = .029) and higher scores on mathematics achievement (sr2 = .004). CONCLUSIONS Children's cognitive development at school entry was more strongly associated with maternal education, children's age in kindergarten and number of months of schooling in first grade than MDS. Contrary to associations between MDS and child behavior problems, childcare attendance did not moderate associations between MDS and children's cognitive development at school entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Paquin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Unit (BPH), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean R. Séguin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Herba
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Reinelt T, Samdan G, Kiel N, Petermann F. Frühkindliche Prädiktoren externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sind mit hohen gesellschaftlichen Kosten verbunden. Damit wirksame Präventions- und frühe Therapieprogramme entwickelt werden können, ist es notwendig, bereits in den ersten Lebensjahren Risiken für einen externalisierenden Entwicklungsverlauf zu identifizieren. In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche konnten aus 21 Publikationen zu 12 längsschnittlichen Geburtskohorten mit insgesamt 55 077 Kindern frühe Risiken bezogen auf eine elterliche Psychopathologie, einen niedrigen sozio-ökonomischen Status und ungünstige Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen identifiziert werden. Insbesondere eine mütterliche Depression, ein niedriger sozio-ökonomischer Status und ein harsches Erziehungsverhalten in den ersten Lebensjahren waren prädiktiv für externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Kindergarten und bei Schuleintritt. Implikationen für die klinische Praxis werden vorgestellt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Reinelt
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Gizem Samdan
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Natalie Kiel
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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17
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Parkes A, Sweeting H. Direct, indirect, and buffering effects of support for mothers on children's socioemotional adjustment. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2018; 32:894-903. [PMID: 30091624 PMCID: PMC6205417 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Support for mothers may improve children's socioemotional adjustment, yet few studies have considered the benefits of formal support (from health and social work professionals) in addition to social support (from family and friends) or explored the mechanisms. These issues were addressed using a birth cohort (n = 2,649) to explore how mothers' perceptions of social and formal support when children were ages 10-22 months predicted trajectories of children's externalizing and internalizing problems from 58 to 122 months. We tested mediating pathways from support to child adjustment via 3 family stressors measured at 46-58 months (maternal distress, economic strain, and dysfunctional parenting) and examined whether support buffered effects of stressors on child adjustment. Social and formal support were simultaneously associated with lower child externalizing and internalizing problem trajectory intercepts at 90 months but did not predict trajectory slopes. Social support effects were mediated mainly via lower maternal distress, which then reduced children's problems via lower dysfunctional parenting, or more directly. Additional indirect effects involved lower economic strain. Formal support effects were mediated to a lesser extent by reduced dysfunctional parenting. Two buffering effects were found: social support reduced effects of economic strain on internalizing problems, and formal support reduced effects of dysfunctional parenting on internalizing problems. Findings suggest measures promoting families' social integration should benefit children's socioemotional adjustment via improved parental psychological and economic resources and by buffering impacts of economic strain. Enhancing access to health and welfare services through greater awareness and trust should benefit children's adjustment, via improved parenting and by buffering impacts of dysfunctional parenting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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18
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Abstract
Introduction Perceptions of social standing have increasingly well-documented relationships with health. Higher subjective social status (SSS) is associated with better psychological well-being among women, and mothers of newborns. The relationship between SSS and psychological distress among mothers of young children, however, is largely unknown. SSS may provide insight into aspects of maternal functioning that are relevant to parenting capacity, as well as insight into future health; in addition, SSS is brief, and may be perceived as less intrusive than other measures of socioeconomic status or mental health. We evaluated the relationship between SSS and psychological distress among mothers of 5-year-old children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods One hundred and sixty-two mothers of 5-year old children, who participated in a study of child self-regulation, completed surveys that assessed sociodemographics, mental health, and perceived social support. The MacArthur Scale of SSS used pictures of ten-rung ladders to assess respondents' social position in relation to the US (SES ladder) and their community (community ladder). Quantile regression models were used to assess the relationship between maternal psychological distress (perceived social support, depressive symptoms, anxiety) and the ladders (individually and together), adjusting for maternal age, race, education, and number of children. To examine whether the SSS-health relationships differed by race, the models were also stratified by race. Results Community ladder ranking was positively associated with social support (β = 1.34, SE = 0.33, p < .001), and negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = -1.34, SE = 0.52, p < .05). SES ladder ranking was positively associated with social support (β = 1.17, SE = 0.52, p < .05). Findings in the full sample were driven by more robust relationships between psychological distress and community SSS among Black/African-American mothers. Discussion The findings suggest that perceived social standing in one's community is associated with maternal psychological well-being. Community SSS may be particularly influential for Black/African-American mothers' well-being.
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19
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Charrois J, Côté SM, Japel C, Séguin JR, Paquin S, Tremblay RE, Herba CM. Child-care quality moderates the association between maternal depression and children's behavioural outcome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:1210-1218. [PMID: 28677114 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the child, including emotional and behavioural difficulties. There is evidence that child care attendance during the preschool years may moderate associations between familial risk factors and child outcome. However, the possibility that high-quality child care provides protection for children exposed to maternal depression or that low-quality child care provides additional risk has not been investigated. We study whether child-care quality moderates the association between probable history of maternal depression (PMD) and child behavioural and emotional outcomes over the preschool period. METHODS Within a longitudinal study, we examined PMD (no depression; clinical PMD before the child's birth; subclinical PMD from 0 to 5 years; clinical PMD from 0 to 5 years), child-care quality and child emotional and behavioural difficulties at the ages of 2, 3 and 4 years. Child-care quality was evaluated in settings, and trajectories were calculated to reflect (a) global quality and (b) two quality subfactors: 'Teaching and interactions' and 'Provision for learning'. Data were analysed for 264 families. RESULTS Significant interactions emerged between clinical PMD and global quality of child care for children's externalising behaviour (b = -.185, p = .008), more specifically hyperactivity/inattention (b = -.237, p = .002). In the context of clinical PMD, children attending high-quality child care presented fewer difficulties than those attending a low-quality care. Child-care quality was not associated with outcomes for children whose mothers did not report a PMD or a PMD before their birth. CONCLUSIONS In the context of PMD, high-quality child care was associated with fewer behavioural problems and may thus constitute a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Charrois
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christa Japel
- Department of Education and Specialized Training, Univsersité du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Paquin
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine M Herba
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Popp L, Neuschwander M, Mannstadt S, In-Albon T, Schneider S. Parent-Child Diagnostic Agreement on Anxiety Symptoms with a Structured Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children. Front Psychol 2017; 8:404. [PMID: 28396644 PMCID: PMC5366335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In clinical structured diagnostic interviews, diagnoses based on parent and child reports have low to moderate agreement. The aims of the present study are (1) to examine diagnostic agreement on anxiety disorders between parents and children on the levels of current and lifetime diagnostic category and diagnoses focusing in particular on diagnostic criteria and (2) to identify parent- and child-related predictors for diagnostic agreement. Method: The sample consisted of 166 parent-child dyads interviewed with the Structured Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children (Kinder-DIPS, Schneider et al., 2009). The children (51.8% girls) were between the ages of 7 and 18 years (M = 10.94; SD = 2.22). Results: Overall, parent-child agreement on the diagnostic category of anxiety disorder (k = 0.21; k = 0.22) and the specific anxiety diagnoses (base rate > 10%) of social phobia, specific phobia and separation anxiety disorder (k = 0.24–0.52; k = 0.19–0.43) and corresponding diagnostic criteria (k = 0.22–0.67; k = 0.24–0.41) were low to moderate with the highest agreement on separation anxiety disorder (k > 0.43). Lower maternal depression, and higher social support reported by mother and father were associated with higher parent-child agreement. Maternal depression was indicated as the strongest predictor. Parental sense of competence, parental anxiety, the amount of parent-child interaction and the child's age and gender had no predictive value. Conclusions: Parent-child agreement can be expected to be higher on the level of anxiety criteria compared to specific anxiety diagnoses and diagnostic anxiety category. Psychological strains in the family—especially maternal depression and low social support—lower the parent-child agreement on anxiety symptoms. Child- and relation-related variables (age, gender, amount of time parent(s) and children interact) play no role in the prediction of low parent-child agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukka Popp
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Murielle Neuschwander
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Mannstadt
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau Landau, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Morris AS, Robinson LR, Hays-Grudo J, Claussen AH, Hartwig SA, Treat AE. Targeting Parenting in Early Childhood: A Public Health Approach to Improve Outcomes for Children Living in Poverty. Child Dev 2017; 88:388-397. [PMID: 28138978 PMCID: PMC5345847 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the authors posit that programs promoting nurturing parent-child relationships influence outcomes of parents and young children living in poverty through two primary mechanisms: (a) strengthening parents' social support and (b) increasing positive parent-child interactions. The authors discuss evidence for these mechanisms as catalysts for change and provide examples from selected parenting programs that support the influence of nurturing relationships on child and parenting outcomes. The article focuses on prevention programs targeted at children and families living in poverty and closes with a discussion of the potential for widespread implementation and scalability for public health impact.
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Reuben JD, Shaw DS. Resilience in the Offspring of Depressed Mothers: Variation Across Risk, Domains, and Time. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2016; 18:300-27. [PMID: 26541559 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-015-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has demonstrated that maternal depression is a significant risk factor for emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents (Goodman and Gotlib in Psychol Rev 106:458-490, 1999). It is important to note, however, that most children of depressed parents do not develop problems. This review will examine studies of resilience as they relate to the degree to which positive adjustment occurs across different levels of risk (i.e., severity and chronicity of depression as well as in context of multiple risk factors), domains of adjustment, and time. Understanding the phenomenon of resilience to depression is of critical importance to prevention and intervention experts because it may provide insight into processes that can be enhanced and targeted in prevention approaches among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Reuben
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, 4425 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260-0001, USA.
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, 4425 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260-0001, USA
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Booij L, Tremblay RE, Szyf M, Benkelfat C. Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:5-18. [PMID: 25285876 PMCID: PMC4275332 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite more than 60 years of research in the role of serotonin (5-HT) in psychopathology, many questions still remain. From a developmental perspective, studies have provided more insight into how 5-HT dysfunctions acquired in utero or early in life may modulate brain development. This paper discusses the relevance of the developmental role of 5-HT for the understanding of psychopathology. We review developmental milestones of the 5-HT system, how genetic and environmental 5-HT disturbances could affect brain development and the potential role of DNA methylation in 5-HT genes for brain development. METHODS Studies were identified using common databases (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar) and reference lists. RESULTS Despite the widely supported view that the 5-HT system matures in early life, different 5-HT receptors, proteins and enzymes have different developmental patterns, and development is brain region-specific. A disruption in 5-HT homeostasis during development may lead to structural and functional changes in brain circuits that modulate emotional stress responses, including subcortical limbic and (pre)frontal areas. This may result in a predisposition to psychopathology. DNA methylation might be one of the underlying physiologic mechanisms. LIMITATIONS There is a need for prospective studies. The impact of stressors during adolescence on the 5-HT system is understudied. Questions regarding efficacy of drugs acting on 5-HT still remain. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary and longitudinal approach in designing studies on the role of 5-HT in psychopathology might help to bring us closer to the understanding of the role of 5-HT in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Booij
- Correspondence to: L. Booij, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Queen’s University, 62 Arch St., Kingston ON K7L 3N6; or
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Calzada EJ, Huang KY, Linares-Torres H, Singh SD, Brotman L. Maternal Familismo and early childhood functioning in Mexican and Dominican immigrant families. JOURNAL OF LATINA/O PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 2:156-171. [PMID: 25436179 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large theoretical and empirical literature documents the central role of familismo (i.e., a strong emphasis on family) in the functioning of Latino youth. Few studies, however, have examined its association with early childhood functioning. The present study explored the potential risk and protective effects of maternal familismo on the adaptive and mental health functioning of 4 - 5 year old Latino children. A sample of 205 Mexican and 147 Dominican immigrant families was recruited from New York City. Mothers reported on their level of familismo, and acculturative status. Mothers and teachers rated child adaptive behavior and internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings suggest that maternal familismo is not uniformly associated with positive or negative early developmental outcomes but that its effects are moderated by child gender, family poverty and cultural (e.g., maternal ethnic and US American identity) characteristics. In addition, different mechanisms were identified for each ethnic group. Familismo was associated both positively (for boys) and negatively (for poor children) with adaptive behavior in the Mexican American sample. In the Dominican American sample, familismo showed a wide range of positive, albeit moderated, effects. Prevention efforts that help parents critically evaluate the impact of familismo on family processes, and preserve those manifestations of familismo that are protective, may best promote Latino child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Keng-Yen Huang
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Heliana Linares-Torres
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - S Diana Singh
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Laurie Brotman
- Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 7 Floor, New York, NY 10016
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Joutsenniemi K, Moustgaard H, Martikainen P. Parental use of antidepressant medication and family type in the risk for incident psychiatric morbidity in offspring. J Epidemiol Community Health 2013; 67:703-5. [PMID: 23709664 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression increases the risk for psychiatric morbidity in offspring but the effects of paternal depression and family type are less studied. METHODS We assessed the effects of parental antidepressant use on offspring psychiatric morbidity in various family settings. RESULTS Our register-based study followed 132637 children for incident psychiatric morbidity in 1998-2003. The highest risk for psychiatric morbidity was in children living with both parents on antidepressants or with a lone parent on antidepressants. We found little variation in the effects according to parental or offspring gender. CONCLUSIONS Parental depression as measured by antidepressant use, and single parenthood pose a risk for psychiatric morbidity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisla Joutsenniemi
- Mental Health Problems and Substance Abuse Services Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Coke S, Spratling R, Minick P. Exploring the day-to-day life of mothers dealing with preschool children who have behavioral disorders. J Pediatr Health Care 2013; 27:23-32. [PMID: 23237613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to explore the day-to-day life of mothers dealing with preschool children who have behavioral disorders and to explore the mothers' experiences with their children's health care. METHOD A qualitative design was used to explore mothers' experiences in their day-to-day lives. A purposive sample of eight mothers was interviewed in their homes. A recorded face-to-face format was used that included open-ended, semi-structured questions. RESULTS Two major themes emerged from the day-to-day experiences of these mothers: "abandoning my other child" and "parenting in unsupportive environments". DISCUSSION The theme of "parenting in unsupportive environments" reflects the frustrations the mothers felt in their day-to-day lives while trying to find help for their children. The theme of "abandoning my other child" refers to the siblings of the children with behavioral disorders being overlooked by the mothers because so much of the mothers' attention and time was given to the child with the behavioral disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallie Coke
- Georgia College and State University, College of Health Sciences, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA.
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Giles LC, Davies MJ, Whitrow MJ, Warin MJ, Moore V. Maternal depressive symptoms and child care during toddlerhood relate to child behavior at age 5 years. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e78-84. [PMID: 21669897 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disentangling the effects of maternal depression in toddlerhood from concurrent maternal depression on child behavior is difficult from previous research. Child care may modify any effects of maternal depression on subsequent child behavior, but this has not been widely investigated. METHODS We examined the influence of maternal depressive symptoms during toddlerhood on children's behavior at the age of 5 years and investigated if formal or informal child care during toddlerhood modified any relationship observed. RESULTS Data were available from 438 mothers and their children (227 girls and 211 boys); the mothers who completed questionnaires during the children's infancy, in toddlerhood, and at the age of 5 years. Recurrent maternal depressive symptoms in toddlerhood (when study children were aged 2 and 3½ years) was a significant risk factor for internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems when children were aged 5 years. Intermittent maternal depressive symptoms (study child age 2 or 3½ years) did not significantly affect child behavior problems. Formal child care at the age of 2 years modified the effect of recurrent maternal depressive symptoms on total behavior problems at age 5 years. Informal child care in toddlerhood did not significantly affect child behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent, but not intermittent, maternal depressive symptoms when children were toddlers were associated with child behavior problems at age 5 years. As little as half a day in formal child care at the age of 2 years significantly modified the effect of recurrent maternal depressive symptoms on total behavior problems. Formal child care for toddlers of depressed mothers may have positive benefits for the child's subsequent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne C Giles
- Discipline of Public Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Abstract
Traditionally, HIV prevention focuses on individual behaviours that place one at risk for HIV infection. Less widely regarded as a fundamental public health issue is parental depression and the detrimental effects it exerts on infant and child development, as well as its key contribution to non-fatal burden. Much like many HIV prevention and treatment interventions, programmes for depression focus almost exclusively on individuals and individual behaviour. This paper will use the extensive evidence base from research into parental depression as a model to argue for a family based approach to HIV prevention and treatment. The aim of this will be to make a case for targeting a broader set of behaviours that occur within families when developing and implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Tough SC, Siever JE, Benzies K, Leew S, Johnston DW. Maternal well-being and its association to risk of developmental problems in children at school entry. BMC Pediatr 2010; 10:19. [PMID: 20338052 PMCID: PMC2858134 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children at highest risk of developmental problems benefit from early identification and intervention. Investigating factors affecting child development at the time of transition to school may reveal opportunities to tailor early intervention programs for the greatest effectiveness, social benefit and economic gain. The primary objective of this study was to identify child and maternal factors associated with children who screened at risk of developmental problems at school entry. METHODS An existing cohort of 791 mothers who had been followed since early pregnancy was mailed a questionnaire when the children were aged four to six years. The questionnaire included a screening tool for developmental problems, an assessment of the child's social competence, health care utilization and referrals, and maternal factors, including physical health, mental health, social support, parenting morale and sense of competence, and parenting support/resources. RESULTS Of the 491 mothers (62%) who responded, 15% had children who were screened at high risk of developmental problems. Based on a logistic regression model, independent predictors of screening at high risk for developmental problems at age 5 were male gender (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.1), maternal history of abuse at pregnancy (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4), and poor parenting morale when the child was 3 years old (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 7.3). A child with all of these risk factors had a 35% predicted probability of screening at high risk of developmental problems, which was reduced to 13% if maternal factors were favourable. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for developmental problems at school entry are related to maternal well being and history of abuse, which can be identified in the prenatal period or when children are preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Tough
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jodi E Siever
- Public Health Innovation and Decision Support, Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shirley Leew
- Decision Support Research Team, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Johnston
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Behavioural Research Unit, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Rosenthal MS, Crowley AA, Curry L. Promoting child development and behavioral health: family child care providers' perspectives. J Pediatr Health Care 2009; 23:289-97. [PMID: 19720263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the significant proportion of children in nonparental child care and the importance of early life experiences on development, interventions to improve a child care provider's ability to enhance a young child's development and behavior are essential. Such interventions require understanding of and responsiveness to the provider's self-perceived roles, responsibilities, and willingness to engage in such interventions, yet prior research is limited. The purpose of the study was to characterize licensed family child care provider perspectives as a first step toward designing effective provider-based interventions to improve children's development and behavior. METHOD We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with licensed family child care providers serving economically disadvantaged children. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and synthesized into common themes using the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. RESULTS The family child care providers described five domains related to their role in child development and behavior: (a) promotion, (b) assessment, (c) advising parents, (d) acknowledging barriers, and (e) their own skill development. DISCUSSION The family child care providers we interviewed describe how the developmental and behavioral health of children is an important aspect of their role and identify innovative and feasible ways to enhance their skills. Understanding the self-perceived role, responsibility, and willingness of child care providers is an important foundation to designing effective interventions to achieve high-quality child care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie S Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Bigras N, Blanchard D, Bouchard C, Lemay L, Tremblay M, Cantin G, Brunson L, Guay MC. Stress parental, soutien social, comportements de l’enfant et fréquentation des services de garde. ENFANCES, FAMILLES, GÉNÉRATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.7202/037517ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cette étude examine les taux de problèmes de comportement internalisés et externalisés des enfants et des indices de stress parental et du réseau de soutien social rapportés par les parents d’un échantillon d’enfants et de familles en fonction du type de service de garde fréquenté par les enfants. Elle vise aussi à identifier si les mêmes variables diffèrent en fonction de l’utilisation de divers types de services de garde et de la présence de divers facteurs de risques psychosociaux (0, 1, 2, 3) dans la famille, et ce, tout en contrôlant les effets reliés à l’âge et la santé des enfants ainsi qu’au pays d’origine et à l’âge de la mère. À cette fin, nous utilisons les données de trois cueillettes de données transversales de l’évaluation de l’initiative 1,2,3GO!. L’échantillon comporte 1245 enfants et familles provenant de 10 territoires de la grande région de Montréal. Les enfants sont âgés de 20 à 42 mois. Nous mesurons les comportements des enfants à l’aide du Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Nous utilisons aussi la version abrégée du Parenting Stress Index pour mesurer le stress parental et la taille du réseau de soutien social (Barrera). Les parents répondent à un questionnaire sur le type de garde utilisé pour leur enfant. Les résultats indiquent que la fréquentation d’un service de garde est associée à moins de problèmes de comportements internalisés chez les enfants ainsi qu’à un plus grand réseau de soutien social chez les parents. Il n’y a pas de différences significatives pour ce qui est des scores de comportements externalisés chez les enfants et de l’indice de stress parental chez leurs parents. Ce sont les enfants et leurs parents qui utilisent des services structurés (CPE, garderies et services de garde en milieu familial) qui obtiennent les meilleurs scores relativement aux comportements internalisés des enfants et à la taille du réseau de soutien social des parents. Nos résultats soulignent également que les enfants qui ne fréquentent aucun service de garde présentent des taux supérieurs de comportements internalisés problématiques et externalisés limites à ce qu’on retrouve dans la population en général. Il en est de même pour les parents qui ne recourent à aucun service de garde, c’est-à-dire qu’ils présentent des taux plus élevés de stress parental et plus faibles de soutien social que la population en général. La discussion fait le lien entre les résultats de cette étude et d’autres résultats obtenus récemment. La conclusion propose de poursuivre l’accroissement du réseau afin de mieux répondre aux besoins des familles vulnérables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bigras
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département d’éducation et pédagogie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada, H3C 3P8
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Peay HL, Hooker GW, Kassem L, Biesecker BB. Family risk and related education and counseling needs: perceptions of adults with bipolar disorder and siblings of adults with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:364-71. [PMID: 19215049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetics and mental health professionals increasingly provide education and counseling related to risk for psychiatric illness, but there is insufficient evidence about patient perceptions and needs to guide such interventions. Affected individuals and relatives may perceive increased family risk and have interest in genetic education and counseling. Our objectives were to explore perceptions of family vulnerability, perceived control, and coping strategies related to familial risk and needs from genetic counseling. Our methods included conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 48) with individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) and unaffected siblings. Content analysis generated descriptive data that provide guidance for clinical interventions and themes to evaluate in future studies. The results showed that participants perceived increased personal and family risk, attributing BPD to genes and family environment. Causal attributions were often uncertain and at times inconsistent. Participants wished to modify psychiatric risk to relatives, but were uncertain how to do so; despite the uncertainty, most parents reported risk-modification efforts. Efforts to cope with family vulnerability included monitoring and cognitive distancing. Participants endorsed the usefulness of education and psychological support, but described more ambivalence about receiving risk assessment. Educational and supportive interventions around family risk for BPD should focus on perceptions of cause and vulnerability, reproductive decision-making, and early intervention and risk modification in young relatives. Psychological support is an important component. Providers should evaluate patient coping strategies, which could facilitate or hinder genetic counseling interventions, and should not assume interest in quantitative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Peay
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2073, USA.
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Austin JC, Palmer CGS, Rosen-Sheidley B, Veach PM, Gettig E, Peay HL. Psychiatric Disorders in Clinical Genetics II: Individualizing Recurrence Risks. J Genet Couns 2007; 17:18-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-007-9121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gao W, Paterson J, Abbott M, Carter S, Iusitini L. Maternal mental health and child behaviour problems at 2 years: findings from the Pacific Islands Families Study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007; 41:885-95. [PMID: 17924241 DOI: 10.1080/00048670701634929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated associations between the timing and persistence of maternal psychological disorder and child behaviour problems in a cohort of Pacific 2-year-old children in New Zealand. METHOD Mothers of a cohort of 1,398 Pacific infants born in South Auckland, New Zealand were interviewed when their children were 6 weeks, 12 and 24 months of age. Within the context of a wider interview, data regarding maternal mental health were obtained at these times and maternal reports of child behaviour were gathered when the children were 2 years old. RESULTS Prevalence rates for internalizing problems were significantly higher in children of mothers who had self-reported symptoms of psychological disorder (11.9% in no symptoms, 27.8% in early symptoms of postnatal depression, 21.1% in late symptoms of psychological disorder and 42.9% in persistent or recurrent symptoms). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of a child having internalizing problems was 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-2.43) in those of mothers reporting early symptoms of postnatal depression, 1.45 (95%CI: 0.85-2.49) in late symptoms of psychological disorder, and 2.93 (95%CI: 1.54-5.57) in persistent or recurrent symptoms relative to the no symptoms group. For externalizing problems, the effects of maternal psychological disorder were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Maternal persistent or recurrent symptoms of psychological disorder may contribute to the behaviour problems of children as young as 2 years old. However, the timing of disorder, whether it is infant or toddler exposure, does not appear to be as crucial. Improved understanding of the associations between maternal psychological disorder and early child behaviour problems may help maternal and child health professionals design appropriate and effective screening and intervention programs to help Pacific mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Gao
- Pacific Islands Families Study, Division of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
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