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Burns SD, Baker EH, Sheehan CM, Markides KS. Disability Among Older Immigrants in the United States: Exploring Differences by Region of Origin and Gender. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:329-351. [PMID: 37593800 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231196093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid aging in American society will be disproportionately concentrated among the foreign-born. Immigrants in the United States (U.S.) are a heterogeneous population, yet little is known regarding their differences in disability later in life by region of origin. We use data from the National Health Interview Survey on respondents ages 60+ (n = 313,072) and employ gender-specific logistic models to predict reports of any activity of daily living (ADL) disability. After accounting for socioeconomic factors, compared to their U.S.-born non-Hispanic (NH) White counterparts, the odds of reporting ADL disability were higher among U.S.-born respondents that are Hispanic, NH Black, and NH Multiracial as well as respondents with Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Russian/former Soviet, Middle Eastern, East Asian, and South Asian origins. Also, Dominican, African, and Southeast Asian women-and European men-reported high odds of ADL disability. Our results highlight heterogeneity in the disability profiles of foreign-born older adults in the U.S..
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D Burns
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Baker
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Connor M Sheehan
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kyriakos S Markides
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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2
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Sialino LD, Wijnhoven HAH, van Oostrom SH, Picavet HSJ, Visser M, Schaap LA. The sex difference in self-rated health among older Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands: an exploratory study of contributing determinants. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38254057 PMCID: PMC10801924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although being a woman and having a migration background are strong predictors of poor self-rated health among (older) adults, research on the sex difference in self-rated health among (older) migrants remains limited. This study therefore aims to investigate this topic and explore the contributing role of determinants of self-rated health. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 360 Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch adults aged 55-65 as part of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. Self-rated health (good versus poor) was measured by a single item question. Univariate age-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the sex difference in self-rated health and the contribution of sex differences in sensitivity (strength of the association) and/or exposure (prevalence) to socio-demographic, social, lifestyle or health-related determinants of self-rated health. RESULTS Women had a 0.53 times lower odds (95%CI:0.40-0.82, p = 0.004) on good self-rated health compared to men. Women more often having a lower education level, living alone and having a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, chronic diseases and especially functional limitations contributed to the lower self-rated health among women. In contrast, men were more sensitive to the impact of memory complaints, depressive symptoms, visual difficulties and functional limitations. CONCLUSIONS Older Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch women have a significant lower self-rated health compared to men. Women having a higher exposure to both socio-demographic and health-related determinants of self-rated health, which contributed to the sex difference. Future research should take these differences in self-rated health and determinants between women and men into account when investigating health among older migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena D Sialino
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H A H Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S H van Oostrom
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H S J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nyikavaranda P, Pantelic M, Jones CJ, Paudyal P, Tunks A, Llewellyn CD. Barriers and facilitators to seeking and accessing mental health support in primary care and the community among female migrants in Europe: a "feminisms" systematic review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 37752502 PMCID: PMC10523615 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have seen record levels of migration to Europe. Female migrants are at heightened risk of developing mental health disorders, yet they face barriers to accessing mental health services in their host countries. This systematic review aims to summarise the barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health support for female migrants in Europe. METHODS The review follows PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was pre-published on PROSPERO. Six electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Global Health Database, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Thematic analysis was undertaken on the identified studies. A feminist quality appraisal tool was applied. RESULTS Eight qualitative, six quantitative and five mixed methods studies were identified. Barriers included a lack of information, stigma, religious and cultural practices and beliefs, and a lack of consideration of gender-specific needs within the health system. Gender-sensitive services, supportive general practitioners and religious leaders facilitated access. CONCLUSIONS The design of mental health research, services, policies, and commissioning of support for migrants must consider female migrant needs. Mental health support services must be culturally aware and gender sensitive. REGISTRATION The review protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number CRD42021235571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nyikavaranda
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK.
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Christina J Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Priyamvada Paudyal
- Institute for Global Health and Wellbeing School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5GB, UK
| | - Alice Tunks
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Carrie D Llewellyn
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Watson Building, Room 104, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
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Östergren O, Cederström A, Korhonen K, Martikainen P. Migrant mortality by duration of residence and co-ethnic density - A register-based study on Finnish migrants in Sweden with matched controls in the origin and the destination. Health Place 2023; 83:103064. [PMID: 37348292 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Migrant health depends on factors both at the origin and at the destination. Health-related behaviors established before migration may change at the destination. We compare the mortality rates from alcohol- and smoking-related causes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) of Finnish migrants in Sweden to matched controls in both Sweden and Finland with similar sociodemographic characteristics. Migrant mortality rates from behavioral risk factors lie in-between the rates of non-migrants in the origin and destination. A longer duration of residence is associated with lower mortality and with mortality patterns more similar to Swedes for men. For women, a longer duration of residence is associated with higher mortality, in particular smoking-related mortality, with no tendency of a gradual convergence. The density of Finnish migrants in the local area is modestly associated with mortality. However, CVD mortality tends to be higher and more similar to the level in Finland for migrants in areas with a higher density of Finnish migrants. The results suggest that behavioral changes can reduce mortality differences between migrants and natives and that this can be either beneficial or detrimental to migrant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Östergren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden; Ageing Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Pekka Martikainen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden; Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Grossi AA, Randhawa G, Jansen NE, Paredes-Zapata D. Taking a "Care Pathway/Whole Systems" Approach to Equality Diversity Inclusion (EDI) in Organ Donation and Transplantation in Relation to the Needs of "Ethnic/Racial/Migrant" Minority Communities: A Statement and a Call for Action. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11310. [PMID: 37600748 PMCID: PMC10437067 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
International evidence shows variation in organ donation and transplantation (ODT) based upon a range of patient characteristics. What is less well understood is the impact of patient "ethnicity/race/immigration background," as these terms are defined and intended differently across countries. We also know that these characteristics do not operate in isolation but intersect with a range of factors. In this paper, we propose a framework that seeks to clarify the definition of the key terms "ethnicity/race/migrant" and to review how these communities are operationalized across European studies about inequities in ODT. Further, patients and the public wish to see Equality Diversity Inclusion (EDI) approaches in their everyday lives, not just in relation to ODT. We propose a 'care pathway/whole-systems' approach to ODT encompassing culturally competent public health interventions for a) the prevention and management of chronic diseases, b) improvements in public engagement for the promotion of the culture of ODT and enhancements in end-of-life care, through to c) enhanced likelihood of successful transplant among migrant/ethnic minority communities. Our framework recognizes that if we truly wish to take an EDI approach to ODT, we need to adopt a more social, human and holistic approach to examining questions around patient ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Agnese Grossi
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Paredes-Zapata
- Donation and Transplant Coordination Section, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Surgical Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Donation and Transplantation Institute Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Arun A, Prabhu MP. Social determinants of health in rural Indian women & effects on intervention participation. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:921. [PMID: 37208651 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The social determinants of health have become an increasingly crucial public health topic in recent years and refer to the non-medical factors that affect an individual's health outcomes. Our study focuses on understanding the various social and personal determinants of health that most affect women's wellbeing. We surveyed 229 rural Indian women through the deployment of trained community healthcare workers to understand their reasons for not participating in a public health intervention aimed to improve their maternal outcomes. We found that the most frequent reasons cited by the women were: lack of husband support (53.2%), lack of family support (27.9%), not having enough time (17.0%), and having a migratory lifestyle (14.8%). We also found association between the determinants: women who had lower education levels, were primigravida, younger, or lived in joint families were more likely to cite a lack of husband or family support. We determined through these results that a lack of social (both spousal and familial) support, time, and stable housing were the most pressing determinants of health preventing the women from maximizing their health outcomes. Future research should focus on possible programs to equalize the negative effects of these social determinants to improve the healthcare access of rural women.
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Ben Abid I, Ouali U, Ben Abdelhafidh L, Peterson CE. Knowledge, attitudes and mental health of sub-Saharan African migrants living in Tunisia during COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359600 PMCID: PMC10098244 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic potentially impacted the mental health of migrants. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of psychological distress among a group of sub-Saharan African migrants living in Tunisia, and its association with knowledge about COVID-19. The Questionnaire of Knowledge towards COVID-19 (QK-COVID-19) was used to evaluate the level of Knowledge about COVID-19. The participants were asked about their attitudes for seeking information and healthcare services related to the pandemic using a multiple-choice questionnaire. The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25)) was used to screen for anxiety and depression. A logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds of having psychological distress across levels of QK-COVID-19 score. Among the 133 participants, 34.6% (95% CI: 26.5, 42.67) had psychological distress, 91% were unemployed and 96% uninsured. Of the respondants, 20% had low QK-COVID-19 score , and 44.36% had medium score. The adjusted odds of psychological distress for those with high and medium QK-COVID-19 scores were respectively 3.9 (95% CI: 1.08, 14.13) and 6.39 (95% CI: 1.79, 22.9) times that of those with low scores. Screening and early treatment of anxiety and depression among migrants during outbreaks is an imperative. Further investigations of the determinants of mental health of sub-Saharan African migrants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Abid
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Uta Ouali
- School of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry “A”, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | | | - Caryn E. Peterson
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
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Oksuzyan A, Drefahl S, Caputo J, Aradhya S. Is it Better to Intermarry? Immigration Background of Married Couples and Suicide Risk Among Native-Born and Migrant Persons in Sweden. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2023; 39:8. [PMID: 36890348 PMCID: PMC9995640 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Marriage is protective against suicide across most populations, including for persons of different ethnicities and immigrant backgrounds. However, the well-being benefits of marriage are contingent upon marital characteristics-such as conflict and quality-that may vary across spousal dyads with different immigration backgrounds. Leveraging Swedish register data, we compare suicide mortality among married persons on the basis of their and their spouse's immigration backgrounds. We find that relative to those in a native Swede-Swede union, Swedish men married to female immigrants and immigrant women married to native men are at higher risk of death by suicide, while immigrants of both genders who are married to someone from their birth country have a lower risk of suicide mortality. The findings support hypotheses about the strains that may be encountered by those who intermarry, as well as the potential selection of individuals into inter- and intra-ethnic marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oksuzyan
- Chair of Demography and Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sven Drefahl
- Demography Unit, Institute of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Caputo
- Center for Health and the Social Sciences and Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Siddartha Aradhya
- Demography Unit, Institute of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Factors associated with cervical cancer screening behaviors among young married female (aged 20-29) immigrants in South Korea. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2023; 66:26-33. [PMID: 36325754 PMCID: PMC9849726 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors that affect the participation of female immigrants in their 20s in the national cervical cancer screening programs. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Services from 2016 to 2017. A total of 17,730 women who agreed to undergo cervical cancer screening during 2016-2017 were included in the study. RESULTS Of the 17,730 women, 8,149 (46%) participated in cervical cancer screening, whereas, 9,581 (54%) did not. Logistic regression analysis of factors related to cervical cancer screening showed that the odds ratio (OR) of screening was higher in short duration of stay (OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.35), Chinese nationality (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28-1.59), unemployment (OR, 1; 95% CI, reference), participation in general health screening (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 3.24-5.33), and comorbidities (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.24) when compared to the other populations. The highest OR was associated with participation in general health screening. CONCLUSION Appropriate programs should be developed to increase participation of socially vulnerable groups in cervical cancer screening. Such programs will improve awareness regarding cervical cancer screening and reduce disparities in healthcare.
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Yalim AC, Critelli F. Gender roles among Syrian refugees in resettlement contexts: Revisiting empowerment of refugee women and needs of refugee men. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ortega-Gil M, ElHichou-Ahmed C, Mata-García A. Effects of Immigrants, Health, and Ageing on Economic Growth in the European Union. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:224. [PMID: 36612547 PMCID: PMC9819786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Population ageing and low birth rates are two problems of the EU that have an impact on employment, production, and economic growth. Against this background, immigration, health expenditure, and the health of migrants must become a key element of European policy. For this reason, this paper focused on identifying the effect of immigration, health, and ageing on economic growth in order to highlight their importance from an economic perspective. We constructed different econometric models with Eurostat data for 27 countries and 13 years (2008-2020), whose dependent variable was gross domestic product. Independent variables were the number of immigrants by gender and age, health expenditure per capita (total and by function), immigrants' perception of their health as very good, and the proportion of the population aged 65 years and over. The model selected to analyze the results was Prais-Winsten regression heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors modeled by applying the option (ar1) to correct for autocorrelation, using Stata software (version 16). The results show that health expenditure has a significant positive effect on economic growth, higher in hospital services, followed by medical products; immigrants' perception as very good is only significant in some models. The number of immigrants has a (positive) effect, although less significant than public expenditure on health. Its effect is larger when the immigrant is aged between 15 and 64 years and smaller for male immigrants than for female immigrants. Without the ageing variable, immigration is not significant. Moreover, there are significant differences between European countries in relation to the variables analyses (immigration, immigrants' perception of their health, ageing and public expenditure on health, and public expenditure on health according to function). This may be due to the different regulations on both immigration and public health in the countries that make up the European Union.
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Blukacz A, Carreño Calderon A, Obach A, Cabieses B, Peroncini J, Oliva A. Perceptions of Health Needs among Venezuelan Women Crossing the Border in Northern Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15175. [PMID: 36429892 PMCID: PMC9690325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In parallel to the COVID-19 pandemic, Chile has experienced a significant influx of international migrants, many of whom are Venezuelan women who have entered the country through unauthorized crossing points. In this context, gender and migration intersect as the social determinants of health, leading to their experiencing a range of adverse events. This poses important challenges in terms of short- and long-term health outcomes, the social determinants of health, and access to healthcare. This study aims at describing Venezuelan women's perceptions of their health needs as they migrate to Chile via an unauthorized crossing point, with a focus on adverse events throughout the migration cycle, self-reported health needs, and responses. A qualitative case study was carried out with 22 participants in the Antofagasta region of Chile, including Venezuelan migrant women, healthcare professionals, and social workers from the public healthcare system, stakeholders from non-governmental and international organizations, and local government officials. The semi-structured, individual interviews were analyzed thematically. The results show that Venezuelan women face a range of adverse events throughout the migration cycle. The perceived health needs that are reported are sometimes linked to these adverse events or existed prior to migration and were exacerbated throughout the migratory cycle. Addressing these physical and mental health needs is essential for short- and long-term individual and public health; however, despite substantial efforts to ameliorate the situation, persisting gaps in access to care are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alejandra Carreño Calderon
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alexandra Obach
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jeniffer Peroncini
- Subsistema Chile Crece Contigo, Subsecretaria de la Niñez, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Oliva
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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Väisänen H, Remes H, Martikainen P. Perinatal health among migrant women: A longitudinal register study in Finland 2000-17. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gray C, Crawford G, Maycock B, Lobo R. Exploring the Intersections of Migration, Gender, and Sexual Health with Indonesian Women in Perth, Western Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13707. [PMID: 36294283 PMCID: PMC9603176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the intersections of migration, gender, and sexual health with Indonesian women living in Perth, Western Australia. The study was part of a larger participatory action research project to co-design an intervention to increase HIV testing in migrant Indonesian women. Unstructured interviews were conducted with adult Indonesian women (n = 10) on their experiences of migration and sexual health. Zimmerman's migration phases (pre-departure and travel, destination, and return) provided a framework to conceptualize women's migration journeys. We found that women's migration journeys were shaped by gender, with male-led migration often reinforcing gender norms. Structural and sociocultural factors (including visa status) influenced women's sense of belonging while living in Australia, such as help-seeking behaviour and engagement in sexual relationships. Intersecting factors of gender, culture, and the migration process should be considered when designing public health interventions to improve women's sexual health, in particular migration policies and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine & Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
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Gender differences in rural-urban migration and its impact on depression in later life. Health Place 2022; 77:102890. [PMID: 36007381 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although rural-to-urban migration has been well researched, how gender shapes processes and outcomes, including later-life health outcomes, has not been thoroughly investigated. Guided by a life course perspective, this study explores gender differences in rural-urban migration patterns and its association with depression in later life among Chinese older adults. Exploiting rich life history data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we employ sequence analysis to identify the typical migration trajectories of Chinese older adults. Moderated mediation analysis is then used to examine gender-specific health pathways linking migration trajectories and later-life depression. The results indicate that: rural migrants who settled in urban regions have lower level of depression in later life than 'return migrants' who moved back to rural areas or those who were rural non-migrants; the gender gap in depression is marginally smaller among early urban settlers than rural non-migrants; and household income in later life has stronger mediation effects for migrant men than for migrant women. The study therefore highlights the importance of considering the role of gender when designing policies aiming to improve the health and wellbeing of migrants in later life.
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Chakraverty D, Baumeister A, Aldin A, Seven ÜS, Monsef I, Skoetz N, Woopen C, Kalbe E. Gender differences of health literacy in persons with a migration background: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056090. [PMID: 37667874 PMCID: PMC9301804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate gender differences of health literacy in individuals with a migration background. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. OVID/MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched in March 2018 and July 2020. SETTING Studies had to provide health literacy data for adult women and men with a migration background, collected with a standardised instrument, or report results that demonstrated the collection of such data. Health literacy data were extracted from eligible studies or requested from the respective authors. Using a random-effects model, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess standardised mean differences (SMDs) of health literacy in men and women. Two researchers independently assessed risk of bias for each included study using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. Thereof, 22 studies (8012 female and 5380 male participants) were included in the meta-analyses. In six studies, gender-specific health literacy scores were reported. The authors of additional 15 studies provided their data upon request and for one further study data were available online. Women achieved higher health literacy scores than men: SMD=0.08, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.159, p=0.04, I2=65%. Another 27 studies reported data on female participants only and could not be included due to a lack of comparable studies with male participants only. Authors of 56 other eligible studies were asked for data, but without success. CONCLUSION Men with a migration background-while being much less frequently examined-may have lower health literacy than women. As heterogeneity between studies was high and the difference became statistically insignificant when excluding studies with a high risk of bias, this result must be interpreted with caution. There is a paucity of research on the social and relational aspects of gender in relation to health literacy among people with a migration background, especially for men. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018085555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digo Chakraverty
- Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Centre for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Baumeister
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (CERES),University of Cologne and Research Unit Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Aldin
- Evidence-Based Oncology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ümran Sema Seven
- Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Centre for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Evidence-Based Oncology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Evidence-Based Oncology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Woopen
- Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (CERES),University of Cologne and Research Unit Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Centre for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Tahir MW, Kauser R. Mainstreaming ‘gender’ and ‘integration’ needs in human development initiatives: Asian and African migrant women's integration in Europe. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Kauser
- Faculty of Psychology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany
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18
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Wandschneider L, Miani C, Razum O. Decomposing intersectional inequalities in subjective physical and mental health by sex, gendered practices and immigration status in a representative panel study from Germany. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:683. [PMID: 35392864 PMCID: PMC8991479 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mapping of immigration-related health inequalities remains challenging, since immigrant populations constitute a heterogenous socially constructed group whose health experiences differ by social determinants of health. In spite of the increasing awareness that population mobility and its effects on health are highly gendered, an explicit gender perspective in epidemiology is often lacking or limited. Methods To map inequalities in self-reported physical and mental health in Germany at the intersections of sex, gendered practices and immigration status, we used data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP) and applied an intercategorical intersectional approach conducting multilevel linear regression models. We differentiated between sex (male/female) as reported in the survey and gendered social practices, quantified through a gender score (on a femininity-masculinity continuum). Results We included 20,897 participants in our analyses. We saw an intersectional gradient for physical and mental health. Compared to the reference group, i.e. non-immigrant males with masculine gendered practices, physical and mental health steadily decreased in the intersectional groups that did not embody one or more of these social positions. The highest decreases in health were observed in the intersectional group of immigrant females with feminine gendered practices for physical health (-1,36; 95% CI [-2,09; -0,64]) and among non-immigrant females with feminine practices for mental health (-2,51; 95% CI [-3,01; -2,01]). Conclusions Patterns of physical and mental health vary along the intersectional axes of sex, gendered practices and immigration status. These findings highlight the relevance of intersections in describing population health statuses and emphasise the need to take them into account when designing public health policies aiming at effectively reducing health inequalities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13022-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wandschneider
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Céline Miani
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Research Institute Social Cohesion (RISC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Krobisch V, Gebert P, Gül K, Schenk L. Women bear a burden: gender differences in health of older migrants from Turkey. Eur J Ageing 2021; 18:467-478. [PMID: 34786009 PMCID: PMC8563875 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that older migrants have poorer health than native populations in Western Europe. To date, little systematic research has explored the differences between men and women within older populations with migration backgrounds. This article examines gender-specific aspects and mediating mechanisms of self-reported health among older migrants from Turkey. Using a mixed method approach, data and results from a quantitative survey and a qualitative study conducted in Berlin, Germany, are analysed and integrated at the interpretive level. Standardised face-to-face interviews were carried out with the help of a network approach with 194 older migrants from Turkey (93 women, 101 men, mean age: 68). Potential mediators showing significant gender differences are included in a parallel multiple mediation analysis. The documentary method is used to analyse 11 semi-structured narrative interviews with first-generation labour migrants from Turkey. Women reported significantly worse subjective health than men (c = 0.443, bCI [0.165–0.736]), conveyed through greater functional limitations (ab = 0.183, bCI [0.056–0.321]) and emotional loneliness (ab = 0.057, bCI [0.008–0.128]). Respondents to the qualitative study perceived that women age earlier and have poorer health due to the burden of performing a greater variety of social roles. Higher levels of emotional loneliness among women could be caused by their experiences of negatively assessed partnerships. Our results show that as a group, older female migrants have an elevated health vulnerability. A broader scientific foundation regarding gender differences in the health of older migrants and their causes is needed to promote gender-sensitive prevention and care for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Krobisch
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pimrapat Gebert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kübra Gül
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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20
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The Effects of Ethno-cultural Origin-Destination Interactions on Immigrants' Longevity. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1345-1366. [PMID: 34529210 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has documented an immigrant mortality advantage. However, we still do not know enough about how interactions between the characteristics of origin and destinations countries shape variabilities in immigrants' experiences and health. In this paper, we examine the effects of ethno-cultural similarities and differences between the country of origin and the country of destination on immigrants' longevity. We use meta-regression methods to examine data on 78 origin and 16 destination countries (1092 risk estimates from 69 studies). In contrast to expectations from approaches that focus on immigration/acculturation stress, we found that a shared official linguistic family, moving to a country where one is not likely to be considered a visible minority, and more integrative immigration policies actually reduce or even eliminate the immigrant mortality advantage. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and argue that selection mechanisms provide a better account.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammarco Alderotti
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti” University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Eleonora Trappolini
- Department of Sociology and Social Research University of Milan – Bicocca Milano Italy
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22
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Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2021.45.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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BA D, BA S, MD M. What the World Needs Now: Lifestyle Medicine for All Women. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 17:97-107. [PMID: 36636386 PMCID: PMC9830235 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211028101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several centuries, economic progress has allowed millions of women to move from rural subsistence agriculture to urban, more economically prosperous lifestyles. This trend is set to continue, even accelerate in the next century. Due to changes in diet, activity, and lifestyle, non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, will continue to rise for women globally. At this time, we are uniquely positioned to anticipate this impact and empower women in both the developed and the developing world to learn from what has worked. Choosing the best approaches to nutrition, exercise, sleep, connectedness, substances, and stress can optimize women's health span across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - McHugh MD
- John McHugh, The Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, 3334 E. Coast Highway #708 Corona del Mar, CA
92625, USA; e-mail:
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24
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Evaluation of a Health-Management Course for Recently Settled Immigrants. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims to evaluate an intervention, consisting of nine weeks of health-management course, combined with social and working life orientation and language instruction for recently settled immigrants in Sweden. One hundred one participants in the intervention groups and 48 participants in the control group participated. The intervention consisted of a health management course combined with social and working life orientation and the control group participated in the regular local authority program for social and working life orientation. Measurement instruments were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and registration of work rate. Several participants in the groups were in work, primarily in subsidized employment, after six months. Recently settled men were employed to a greater extent than the women, where poorer physical and mental health could be observed among women in this study. Participants in the intervention and the control groups had maintained HRQoL from pre-intervention to six months post-intervention. More studies investigating the participants experiences of the health-managing course but also more homogenous measurements in studies for recently settled immigrants are needed.
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25
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Shor E, Roelfs D. A Global Meta-analysis of the Immigrant Mortality Advantage. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0197918321996347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research on the “Healthy Immigrant Effect” (or “Paradox”) has reported an immigrant mortality advantage. However, other studies do not find such significant effects, and some even present contradictory evidence. This article is the first systematic meta-analysis that investigates the immigration-mortality relationship from a global perspective, examining 1,933 all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk estimates from 103 publications. Our comprehensive analysis allows us to assess interactions between origin and destination regions and to reexamine, on a global scale, some of the most notable explanations for the immigrant mortality advantage, including suggestions that this paradox may be primarily the result of selection effects. We find evidence for the existence of a mild immigrant mortality advantage for working-age individuals. However, the relationship holds only for immigrants who moved between certain world regions, particularly those who immigrated from Northern Africa, Asia, and Southern Europe to richer countries. The results highlight the need in the broader migration literature for an increased focus on selection effects and on outcomes for people who chose not to migrate or who were denied entry into their planned destination country.
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26
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Vanthomme K, Rosskamp M, De Schutter H, Vandenheede H. Lung cancer incidence differences in migrant men in Belgium, 2004-2013: histology-specific analyses. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:328. [PMID: 33785005 PMCID: PMC8010968 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants make up an important share of European populations which has led to a growing interest in research on migrants' health. Many studies have assessed migrants' cancer mortality patterns, yet few have studied incidence differences. This paper will probe into histology-specific lung cancer incidence by migrant origin aiming to enhance the knowledge on lung cancer aetiology and different risk patterns among population groups. METHODS We used data on all lung cancer diagnoses during 2004-2013 delivered by the Belgian Cancer Registry individually linked with the 2001 Belgian Census and the Crossroads Bank for Social Security. Absolute and relative inequalities in overall and histology-specific lung cancer incidence have been calculated for first-generation Italian, Turkish and Moroccan migrant men aged 50-74 years compared to native Belgian men. RESULTS Moroccan men seemed to be the most advantaged group. Both in absolute and relative terms they consistently had lower overall and histology-specific lung cancer incidence rates compared with native Belgian men, albeit less clear for adenocarcinoma. Turkish men only showed lower overall lung cancer incidence when adjusting for education. On the contrary, Italian men had higher incidence for overall lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma, which was explained by adjusting for education. CONCLUSIONS Smoking habits are likely to explain the results for Moroccan men who had lower incidence for smoking-related histologies. The full aetiology for adenocarcinoma is still unknown, yet the higher incidence among Italian men could point to differences in occupational exposures, e.g. to carcinogenic radon while working in the mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vanthomme
- Interface Demography, Department of Social Research, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences & Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Rosskamp
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harlinde De Schutter
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hadewijch Vandenheede
- Interface Demography, Department of Social Research, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences & Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Lui ID, Vandan N, Davies SE, Harman S, Morgan R, Smith J, Wenham C, Grépin KA. "We also deserve help during the pandemic": The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong. J Migr Health 2021; 3:100037. [PMID: 33817682 PMCID: PMC7997943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign domestic workers were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in Hong Kong. They were adversely affected by the pandemic in both their home and host countries. Their employment conditions have greatly worsened since the start of the pandemic. Hong Kong's policy response has largely been blind to their unique experiences. More supportive policies are needed that consider foreign domestic workers’ needs.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses particular challenges for migrant workers around the world. This study explores the unique experiences of foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in Hong Kong, and how COVID-19 impacted their health and economic wellbeing. Interviews with FDWs (n = 15) and key informants (n = 3) were conducted between May and August 2020. FDWs reported a dual-country experience of the pandemic, where they expressed concerns about local transmission risks as well as worries about their family members in their home country. Changes to their current work situation included how their employers treated them, as well as their employment status. FDWs also cited blind spots in the Hong Kong policy response that also affected their experience of the pandemic, including a lack of support from the Hong Kong government. Additional support is needed to mitigate the particularly negative effects of the pandemic on FDWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Lui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nimisha Vandan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sara E Davies
- School of Government and International Relations, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sophie Harman
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Morgan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Julia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Clare Wenham
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Ann Grépin
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, G/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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28
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Van Hemelrijck WMJ, Vandenheede H, de Valk HAG. Neighbourhood migrant composition and tobacco-related cancer mortality: A census-linked study among five origin groups in urban Belgium. Health Place 2021; 68:102514. [PMID: 33571898 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of 'ethnic density' in the neighbourhood for tobacco-related cancer mortality among five migrant origin groups in urban Belgium. Using full population linked census data, multilevel Poisson models were applied to model effects of three linear and categorical indicators of same-origin presence for each origin group, and to test effect mediation by migrant generation and educational level. We first of all found that increased same migrant-origin presence in the neighbourhood had protective effects on tobacco-related cancer mortality for men in most groups. Second, only Turkish men had a mortality disadvantage when Turkish concentration was higher. Third, effects were not detected across all indicators of same-origin presence, nor among most groups of women. Finally, for several groups, neighbourhood effects were mediated by generational status and educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M J Van Hemelrijck
- Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hadewijch Vandenheede
- Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helga A G de Valk
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute/KNAW/University of Groningen, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511, CV, The Hague, the Netherlands
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29
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Intersections of Immigration and Sexual/Reproductive Health: An Umbrella Literature Review with a Focus on Health Equity. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the opportunities and barriers of promoting and fulfilling the sexual health rights of migrants remains a challenge that requires systematic assessment. Such an assessment would include estimating the influence of acculturation processes on sexual and reproductive health, and mapping intersectional inequities that influence migrants’ sexual and reproductive health in comparison with the native population. The aim of this research was to locate, select, and critically assess/summarize scientific evidence regarding the social, cultural, and structural factors influencing migrants’ sexual and reproductive health outcomes in comparison with native population. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) standards was undertaken. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from their start date until June 2019. The quality of the included articles was determined using the assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool (AMSTAR 2). From the 36 selected studies, only 12 compared migrant with native populations. Overall, the findings indicated that migrants tend to underuse maternal health services and have an increased risk of poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Specific intersectional inequities were identified and discussed.
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30
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Van Hemelrijck WMJ, Rosskamp M, De Schutter H, Verdoodt F, Vanthomme K. Cancer risk among individuals of migrant origin in Belgium during the 2000s - Evidence of migration as a 'cancer risk transition'? Soc Sci Med 2020; 269:113591. [PMID: 33341028 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown a generally lower cancer risk and mortality among migrants from less-industrialised country origin. However, while rates are usually lower for 'lifestyle-related' cancers (e.g. breast, prostate, lung, colorectal), they are typically elevated for 'infection-related' ones such as liver and stomach cancer. Although these observations appear in line with the theory of 'migration as a rapid epidemiological transition', changes in cancer risk after migration have yet to be investigated, effectively testing if migration also entails a 'rapid cancer risk transition'. This study therefore examines cancer risk among migrants in Belgium, focusing on colorectal cancer as a typically lifestyle-related cancer on the one hand, and infection-related cancers on the other hand. We subdivide migrant groups of more and less industrialised country origin according to duration of stay, and calculate absolute and relative incidence rates between 2004 and 2013. Our findings corroborate the transition assumptions for men from Turkey and Morocco, but cannot support them for women. Italian male immigrants have an in-between position: their colorectal cancer risk does not differ from that of Belgian men, but infection-related and non-cardia stomach cancer risks are higher and remain so with longer duration of stay. The fact that rates for migrants from the Netherlands and France generally do not differ from those of Belgians further strengthens support for a cancer transition among male migrants. Further examinations should focus on changes in health-related behaviour that can explain persistently low colorectal cancer risks among Turkish and Moroccan migrants and can inform preventive strategies for other population subgroups. Knowledge about the higher non-cardia stomach cancer risk among Turkish, Moroccan, and Italian men can support early detection strategies by primary care providers when patients present with gastric symptoms, especially because this cancer tends to have unfavourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M J Van Hemelrijck
- Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Rosskamp
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harlinde De Schutter
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija Verdoodt
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Koningsstraat 215, 1210, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanthomme
- Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Gender Patterns in Immigrants' Health Profiles in France: Tobacco, Alcohol, Obesity and Self-Reported Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238759. [PMID: 33255730 PMCID: PMC7728336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: to date, little attention has been given to gender differences in the health of migrants relative to native-born. In this study, we examine the health profile of the largest immigrant groups in metropolitan France, considering several health indicators and with a special interest in the gendered patterns. Methods: The data originate from the 2017 Health Barometer survey representative of metropolitan France. A subsample of 19,857 individuals aged 18-70 years was analysed using modified Poisson regression, and risk ratio estimates (RR) were provided for the different migrant groups regarding alcohol use, current smoking, obesity and less-than-good self-reported health, adjusting for age and educational level. Results: None of the groups of male migrants differs from the native-born in terms of self-reported health, and they have healthier behaviours for alcohol (men from sub-Saharan Africa: 0.42 (0.29-0.61)) and from the Maghreb: 0.30 (0.1-0.54)) and smoking (men from sub-Saharan Africa: 0.64 (0.4-0.84)), with less frequent obesity (men from the Maghreb: 0.61 (0.3-0.95)). The latter, however, more frequently report current smoking (1.21 (1.0-1.46)). For women, less-than-good health is more frequently reported by the groups from sub-Saharan Africa (1.42 (1.1-1.75)) and from the Maghreb (1.55 (1.3-1.84)). Healthier behaviours were found for alcohol (women from overseas départements: 0.38 (0.1-0.85)) and from the Maghreb: (0.18 (0.0-0.57)) and current smoking (women from southern Europe: 0.68 (0.4-0.97), from sub-Saharan Africa: 0.23 (0.1-0.38) and from the Maghreb: 0.42 (0.2-0.61)). Conversely, some were more frequently obese (women from overseas départements: 1.79 (1.2-2.56) and from sub-Saharan Africa: 1.67 (1.2-2.23)). In the latter two groups from Africa, there is a larger relative male excess for tobacco than in the native-born (male-to-female ratios of respectively 2.87 (1.6-5.09) and 3.1 (2.0-4.65) vs 1.13 (1.0-1.20)) and there is a female excess for obesity (0.51 (0.2-0.89) and 0.41 (0.2-0.67)) in contrast with the native-born (1.07 (0.9-1.16)). The female disadvantage in terms of less-than-good self-reported health is more pronounced among migrants from the Maghreb than among the natives (0.56(0.4-0.46) vs. 0.86 (0.8-0.91)). Conclusion: Considering a set of four health indicators, we provide evidence for distinctive gender patterns among immigrants in France. Male immigrants have a healthy behavioural profile in comparison with the natives and no health disadvantage. Female immigrants have a more mixed profile, with a health disadvantage for the non-Western groups from Africa. The contribution to this discordance of socioeconomic factors and gender relations needs to be investigated.
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Briones-Vozmediano E, Rivas-Quarneti N, Gea-Sánchez M, Bover-Bover A, Carbonero MA, Gastaldo D. The Health Consequences of Neocolonialism for Latin American Immigrant Women Working as Caregivers in Spain: A Multisite Qualitative Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218278. [PMID: 33182437 PMCID: PMC7664865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Spain, most jobs available for Latin American immigrant women are in intimate labour (caregiving and domestic work). This work is usually performed under informal employment conditions. The objective of this study was to explain how the colonial logic mediates the experiences of Latin American women working in intimate labour in Spain, and the effects of such occupation on their health and wellbeing, using a decolonial theoretical framework. A multi-site secondary data analysis of qualitative data from four previous studies was performed utilizing 101 interviews with Latin American immigrant women working as caregivers in Spain. Three interwoven categories show how the dominant colonial logic in Spain creates low social status and precarious jobs, and naturalizes intimate labour as their métier while producing detrimental physical and psychosocial health consequences for these immigrant caregivers. The caregivers displayed several strategies to resist and navigate intimate labour and manage its negative impact on health. Respect and integration into the family for whom they work had a buffering effect, mediating the effects of working conditions on health and wellbeing. Based on our analysis, we suggest that employment, social, and health protection laws and strategies are needed to promote a positive working environment, and to reduce the impact of caregiving work for Latin American caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Briones-Vozmediano
- GESEC Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Grup de Recerca en Cures de la Salut, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Global Migration and Health Initiative, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; (N.R.-Q.); (D.G.)
| | - Natalia Rivas-Quarneti
- Global Migration and Health Initiative, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; (N.R.-Q.); (D.G.)
- Health Sciences Department (Occupational Therapy), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gea-Sánchez
- GESEC Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Grup de Recerca en Cures de la Salut, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Global Migration and Health Initiative, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; (N.R.-Q.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreu Bover-Bover
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Illes Balears, 07122 Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Carbonero
- Department of Philosophy and Social Work, University of Illes Balears, 07122 Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Denise Gastaldo
- Global Migration and Health Initiative, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; (N.R.-Q.); (D.G.)
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
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Attal JH, Lurie I, Neumark Y. A rapid assessment of migrant careworkers' psychosocial status during Israel's COVID-19 lockdown. Isr J Health Policy Res 2020; 9:61. [PMID: 33138855 PMCID: PMC7605873 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Israel hosts nearly 70,000 migrant careworkers. Migrant careworkers work and live with populations extremely vulnerable to the novel Coronavirus, including the elderly and people with pre-existing physical conditions. This rapid assessment aimed to explore psychosocial status and mental wellbeing of migrant careworkers in Israel during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and determine risk and protective factors associated with mental distress, anxiety, and depression. METHODS This quantitative study was conducted via an online survey. The online survey collected social and demographic data, including country of origin, residence, age, sex, and time in Israel. In addition, questions were asked about knowledge of COVID-19 guidelines, access to supplies, and COVID-related racism. Respondents also completed a psychosocial screening tools, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10), which was used to screen for depression and anxiety. RESULTS As of May 3rd, 2020, 307 careworkers responded to the online survey, of whom 120 (39.1%) were found symptomatic using the HSCL-10. Separating the HSCL-10 into subscales, 28.0% were symptomatically anxious, and 38.1% were symptomatic for depression. In multivariate regression, emotional distress was associated with household food insecurity (OR: 5.85; p < 0.001), lack of confidence to care for oneself and employer during the pandemic (OR: 3.85; p < 0.001), poorer general health (OR: 2.98; p < 0.003), non-Philippine country of origin (OR: 2.83; p < 0.01), female sex (OR: 2.34; p < 0.04),, and inversely associated with age (p < 0.03). While 87.6% of careworkers reported having access to hand sanitization materials regularly, only 58.0% had regular access to a medical grade mask, and 21.5% reported household food insecurity. Moreover, 40.0% of careworkers claimed to lack confidence to care for themselves and their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Migrant careworkers exhibited high levels of mental distress during the COVID-19 lockdown, associated with lack of confidence or resources to properly care for themselves and their employer. Guidelines and support programs specific to the carework sector, that respect their rights and guard their health, must be developed as part of a coordinated COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hannink Attal
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ido Lurie
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod HaSharon, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Neumark
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Migrant Women's Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155376. [PMID: 32722563 PMCID: PMC7432037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to migrant workers is key to fulfilling sustainable developmental goals. This study aims to explore key informants’ views on the provision of SRH services for migrant women in Malaysia, exploring the provision of SRH education, contraception, abortion, antenatal and delivery, as well as the management of gender-based violence. In-depth interviews of 44 stakeholders were conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. Data were thematically analysed. Migrant workers that fall pregnant are unable to work legally and are subject to deportation. Despite this, we found that insufficient SRH information and contraceptive access are provided, as these are seen to encourage promiscuity. Pregnancy, rather than sexually transmitted infection prevention, is a core concern among migrant women, the latter of which is not adequately addressed by private providers. Abortions are often seen as the only option for pregnant migrants. Unsafe abortions occur which are linked to financial constraints and cultural disapproval, despite surgical abortions being legal in Malaysia. Pregnant migrants often delay care-seeking, and this may explain poor obstetric outcomes. Although health facilities for gender-based violence are available, non-citizen women face additional barriers in terms of discrimination and scrutiny by authorities. Migrant women face extremely limited options for SRH services in Malaysia and these should be expanded.
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Abstract
There has been an increasing number of women migrating for work from Central Asia to Russia in recent years, yet very little is known about their specific health needs. We conducted a scoping study to understand what is known about their health and to identify the gaps and research priorities among this population. We conducted a literature review and key informant interviews. Our findings were grouped around general health issues, access to and utilization of health care services, and sexual and reproductive health concerns. Through our review, we identified the following priority research areas: stress, acculturation and process of adaptation; cultural and gender norms influencing health; contraceptive use and sexual risk behaviors; prenatal care; patient-provider communication and trust; use of informal health services; and preventative health care.
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Cloos P, Ndao EM, Aho J, Benoît M, Fillol A, Munoz-Bertrand M, Ouimet MJ, Hanley J, Ridde V. The negative self-perceived health of migrants with precarious status in Montreal, Canada: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231327. [PMID: 32271827 PMCID: PMC7145148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about the health impacts of the absence of health insurance for migrants with precarious status (MPS) in Canada is scarce. MPS refer to immigrants with authorized but temporary legal status (i.e. temporary foreign workers, visitors, international students) and/or unauthorized status (out of legal status, i.e. undocumented). This is the first large empirical study that examines the social determinants of self-perceived health of MPS who are uninsured and residing in Montreal. Methods and findings Between June 2016 and September 2017, we performed a cross-sectional survey of uninsured migrants in Montreal, Quebec. Migrants without health insurance (18+) were sampled through venue-based recruitment, snowball strategy and media announcements. A questionnaire focusing on sociodemographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics, social determinants, health needs and access to health care, and health self-perception was administered to 806 individuals: 54.1% were recruited in urban spaces and 45.9% in a health clinic. 53.9% were categorized as having temporary legal status in Canada and 46% were without authorized status. Regions of birth were: Asia (5.2%), Caribbean (13.8%), Europe (7.3%), Latin America (35.8%), Middle East (21%), Sub-Saharan Africa (15.8%) and the United States (1.1%). The median age was 37 years (range:18–87). The proportion of respondents reporting negative (bad/fair) self-perception of health was 44.8%: 36.1% among migrants with authorized legal status and 54.4% among those with unauthorized status (statistically significant difference; p<0.001). Factors associated with negative self-perceived health were assessed using logistic regression. Those who were more likely to perceive their health as negative were those: with no diploma/primary/secondary education (age-adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.49 [95% CI 1.53–4.07, p<0.001] or with a college diploma (AOR: 2.41 [95% CI 1.38–4.20, p = 0.002); whose family income met their needs not at all/a little (AOR: 6.22 [95% CI 1.62–23.85], p = 0.008) or met their needs fairly (AOR: 4.70 [95% CI 1.21–18.27], p = 0.025); with no one whom they could ask for money (AOR: 1.60 [95% CI 1.05–2.46], p = 0.03); with perception of racism (AOR: 1.58 [95% CI 1.01–2.48], p = 0.045); with a feeling of psychological distress (AOR: 2.17 [95% CI 1.36–3.45], p = 0.001); with unmet health care needs (AOR: 3.45 [95% CI 2.05–5.82], p<0.001); or with a health issue in the past 12 months (AOR: 3.44 [95% CI 1.79–6.61], p<0.001). Some variables that are associated with negative self-perceived health varied according to gender: region of birth, lower formal education, having a family income that does not meet needs perfectly /very well, insalubrious housing, not knowing someone who could be asked for money, and having ever received a medical diagnosis. Conclusions In our study, almost half of immigrants without health insurance perceived their health as negative, much higher than reports of negative self-perceived health in previous Canadian studies (8.5% among recent immigrants, 19.8% among long-term immigrants, and 10.6% among Canadian-born). Our study also suggests a high rate of unmet health care needs among migrants with precarious status, a situation that is correlated with poor self-perceived health. There is a need to put social policies in place to secure access to resources, health care and social services for all migrants, with or without authorized status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CRESP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Josephine Aho
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magalie Benoît
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Fillol
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CEPED, Institute for Research on Sustainable Development, IRD-Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
| | - Maria Munoz-Bertrand
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jo Ouimet
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jill Hanley
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valéry Ridde
- CEPED, Institute for Research on Sustainable Development, IRD-Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- Fellow de l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
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Carroll H, Luzes M, Freier LF, Bird MD. The migration journey and mental health: Evidence from Venezuelan forced migration. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100551. [PMID: 32095498 PMCID: PMC7033588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
•Using migration of Venezuelans to Peru as a case example, we surveyed migrants on mental health and migration factors at the Ecuador-Peru border.•Pre-migration: No factors associated with anxiety; choosing Peru for safety or expected respect for Venezuelans increased odds of depression.•Migration: Walking and education increased odds of anxiety; choosing Peru decreased odds of anxiety; being pregnant increased odds of depression.•Link between migration factors and mental health is concerning, as the associated distress may influence post-migration mental health.•More work is needed to understand the influence of the journey on the mental health outcomes of migrants over time.
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Hossin MZ. International migration and health: it is time to go beyond conventional theoretical frameworks. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e001938. [PMID: 32180999 PMCID: PMC7053782 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale international migration in the 21st century has emerged as a major threat to the global health equity movement. Not only has the volume of migration substantially increased but also the patterns of migration have become more complex. This paper began by focusing on the drivers of international migration and how health inequalities are linked to migration. Situating migration within the broader structural contexts, the paper calls for using the unharnessed potential of the intersectionality framework to advance immigrant health research. Despite coming from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds and facing disparities in the host society, the immigrants are often paradoxically shown to be healthier than the native population, although this health advantage diminishes over time. Studies on immigrant health, however, are traditionally informed by the acculturation framework which holds the assimilation of unhealthy lifestyles primarily responsible for immigrant health deterioration, diverting the attention away from the structural factors. Although the alternative structural framework came up with the promise to explore the structural factors, it is criticised for an overwhelming focus on access to healthcare and inadequate attention to institutional and societal contexts. However, the heterogeneity of the immigrant population across multiple dimensions of vulnerability demands a novel approach that can bring to the fore both premigratory and postmigratory contextual factors and adequately capture the picture of immigrant health. The paper concludes by questioning the acculturation perspective and pushing the structural paradigm to embrace the intersectionality framework which has the potential to address a wide range of vulnerabilities that intersect to produce health inequalities among the immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zakir Hossin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of General Education, Eastern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Straiton M, Corbett K, Hollander AC, Hauge LJ. Outpatient mental healthcare service use among women with migrant background in Norway: a national register study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31818291 PMCID: PMC6902575 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that migrant women are at greater risk of common mental disorders than the majority population, yet underrepresented in healthcare services. This study investigates the use of outpatient mental healthcare services over a five-year period among migrant and descendant women compared to majority women in Norway. METHODS Using linked national registry data, we selected all women resident in Norway between 2009 and 2013 (N = 1,834,822). We conducted generalised estimated equations with logistic regression to assess if the odds of using outpatient mental healthcare services differed for migrant and descendant women compared to majority women. We also conducted generalised estimated equations with negative binomial regression to calculate consultation incidence rate ratios for migrant and descendant women relative to majority women among those with a common mental disorder. RESULTS Both migrant and descendant women had lower odds (OR = 0.47 and OR = 0.60 respectively) of using outpatient mental healthcare services than majority women. Odds of using services increased with length of residency. We also found significant variation by country of origin. Among women with common mental disorders who had used services, migrants, but not descendants, had a lower consultation rate ratio than majority women. Analyses by region of origin revealed that this did not apply to women from EU European countries, North America and Australia and New Zealand. CONCLUSION Women with migrant background are, overall, underrepresented in OPMH services. Findings indicate that migrant women may not only experience barriers to seeking and accessing care but also in maintaining access to care. This may especially be the case for newly arrived migrant women and women from non-Western countries. Treatment may not be culturally adapted for these groups. Closer investigation of the barriers migrant women experience after using OPMH services is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway.
| | - Karina Corbett
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Public Health Epidemiology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway
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Sia D, Miszkurka M, Batal M, Delisle H, Zunzunegui MV. Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:41. [PMID: 31548886 PMCID: PMC6751622 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Immigration status and unemployment may intersect on the health outcomes of men and women. This study aimed to identify intersections between unemployment and immigration in inflammatory, metabolic and nutritional blood markers and assess gender differences. Methods We used Canadian Health Measures Survey data on 2493 participants aged 18 to 65. Outcomes were chronic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen), nutritional (albumin and hemoglobin), and metabolic blood markers (glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). Multivariate linear regressions were used to assess the associations between each biomarker, unemployment and immigrant status, controlling for age, education, province, smoking, physical inactivity and body mass index and testing for multiplicative interactions between unemployment, immigrant status and gender. Results Unemployment was associated with higher inflammation (hsCRP and fibrinogen) in Canadian born men; Canadian born employed women showed higher hsCRP values compared with corresponding employed men. Unemployed immigrant women presented the highest values of hsCRP while employed immigrant women had the lowest hsCRP. Unemployment was associated with higher glucose; immigrant status was associated with higher glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Unemployed immigrants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin and albumin than employed immigrants, and Canadian-born citizens regardless of their employment status. Some of these associations were attenuated after adjustment by body mass index, physical inactivity and smoking. Conclusion Blood biomarkers unveil intersections among unemployment, immigration and gender. This study provides evidence on biological pathways of unemployment on the likelihood of common chronic diseases, inflammation and potential malnutrition with some increased vulnerabilities in unemployed immigrants, and particularly in unemployed immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Sia
- 1Département des sciences infirmières, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, rue Saint-Joseph, bureau J-3226, Saint Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Malgorzata Miszkurka
- 2Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Hélène Delisle
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
- 4Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada.,5École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
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Wikman-Jorgensen P, López-Velez R, Llenas-García J, Treviño B, Pascual R, Molina I, Domínguez Á, Torrús D, Ruiz Giardín JM, Monge-Maillo B, Norman FF, Romero M, Perez-Molina JA. Latent and active tuberculosis infections in migrants and travellers: A retrospective analysis from the Spanish +REDIVI collaborative network. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 36:101460. [PMID: 31369899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide. We analysed active and latent TB infections (LTBI) from the Spanish Network for the Study of Imported Infectious Diseases by Travellers and Immigrants (+REDIVI). METHODS Observational, retrospective, multicentre study of TB and LTBI registered in the +REDIVI network from October 2009 to December 2016. RESULTS Of 1008 cases of LTBI, 884 (87.7%) were immigrants; 93 (4.5%), immigrants visiting friends and relatives (VFR); 2 (0.9%), VFR-travellers; and 29 (1.1%), travellers. Absolute (N = 157 vs. N = 75) and relative (12.5% vs. 5.9%) frequency decreased over the study period (p = 0.003). Median time to diagnosis was 24.6 months (females 50.3 vs males 11.9; p < 0.001). Of 448 TB cases, 405 (90.4%) were in immigrants; 30 (6.7%), VFR-immigrants; 6 (1.3%), VFR-travellers; and 7 (1.6%), travellers. Median time to diagnosis was 62.5 months (females 86.6 vs males 70.1; p = 0.0075). There were 8 multidrug resistant TB cases and 1 extensively drug resistant case of TB, all in immigrants. CONCLUSION TB was frequently diagnosed more than 5 years after arrival in Spain. Screening programmes for TB and LTBI in immigrants should be considered beyond this time point. Women showed a higher diagnostic delay for both latent and active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogelio López-Velez
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Treviño
- Unitat Medicina Tropical i Salut Internacional Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, PROSICS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Pascual
- Hospital General Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clinica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Domínguez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego Torrús
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Monge-Maillo
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca F Norman
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Romero
- Hospital General Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A Perez-Molina
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Migrant mortality differences in the 2000s in Belgium: interaction with gender and the role of socioeconomic position. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:96. [PMID: 31221163 PMCID: PMC6587297 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Belgium has a long history of migration. As the migrant population is ageing, it is crucial thoroughly to document their health. Many studies that have assessed this, observed a migrant mortality advantage. This study will extend the knowledge by probing into the interaction between migrant mortality and gender, and to assess the role of socioeconomic position indicators in this paradox. Methods Individually linked data of the 2001 Belgian Census, the National Register and death certificates for 2001–2011 were used. Migrant origin was based on both own and parents’ origin roots. We included native Belgians and migrants from the largest migrant groups aged 25 to 65 years. Absolute and relative mortality differences by migrant origin were calculated for the most common causes of death. Moreover, the Poisson models were adjusted for educational attainment, home ownership and employment status. Results We observed a migrant mortality advantage for most causes of death and migrant groups, which was strongest among men. Adjusting for socioeconomic position generally increased the migrant mortality advantage, however with large differences by gender, migrant origin, socioeconomic position indicator and causes of death. Conclusions Adjusting for socioeconomic position even accentuated the migrant mortality advantage although the impact varied by causes of death, migrant origin and gender. This highlights the importance of including multiple socioeconomic position indicators when studying mortality inequalities. Future studies should unravel morbidity patterns too since lower mortality not necessarily implies better health. The observed migrant mortality advantage suggests there is room for improvement. However, it is essential to organize preventative and curative healthcare that is equally accessible across social and cultural strata.
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Ronda-Pérez E, Martínez JM, Reid A, Agudelo-Suárez AA. Longer Residence of Ecuadorian and Colombian Migrant Workers in Spain Associated with New Episodes of Common Mental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16112027. [PMID: 31174399 PMCID: PMC6604003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The healthy migrant effect and its impact on mental health has been reported in the general population of many countries. Information is limited about its impact on working populations. The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of common mental disorders over a one-year follow-up period among a cohort of Colombian and Ecuadorian employees in Spain, taking into account the duration of residence and comparing with Spanish-born workers. Data was from the Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families Project (PELFI), a follow-up survey of immigrants and Spanish-born workers interviewed in 2015 and 2016. Mental health was assessed using the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORas) for common mental disorders by sociodemographic and employment characteristics were created. There were differences for immigrants with time of residence less than or equal to 15 years (time of residence 11-15 years: ORa = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.26-0.01); time of residence 1-10 years: ORa = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.36-0.01)). There was evidence of a healthy immigrant worker effect, as newer arrivals from Ecuador and Columbia to Spain had a lower incidence of common mental disorders than either the Spanish-born or immigrant workers who had lived in Spain for more than 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ronda-Pérez
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
- Immigration and Health Program. CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Martínez
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
- Research and Analysis Service IT/EP, MC Mutual, 08037 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Statistics. Technical University of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Public Health. Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, Perth, Australia.
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Dykxhoorn J, Hollander AC, Lewis G, Dalman C, Kirkbride JB. Family networks during migration and risk of non-affective psychosis: A population-based cohort study. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:268-275. [PMID: 30738697 PMCID: PMC6551364 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The determinants of increased psychosis risk among immigrants remain unclear. Given ethnic density may be protective, we investigated whether the presence of immediate family, or "family networks", at time of immigration was associated with risk of non-affective psychosis. METHODS We followed a cohort of migrants (n = 838,717) to Sweden, born 1968-1997, from their 14th birthday, or earliest immigration thereafter, until diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (ICD-9/ICD-10), emigration, death, or 2011. Using record linkage, we measured family network as the presence of adult first-degree relatives immigrating with the cohort participant or already residing in Sweden. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine whether risk varied between those migrating with family, migrating to join family, or migrating alone. RESULTS Migrating with immediate family was associated with increased psychosis risk amongst males compared to males who did not migrate with family (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34). Migrating with family did not increase risk among females (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.78-1.07); similar observations were observed for males who immigrated to join family (aHR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.21-1.51). In contrast, females who migrated alone were at increased risk compared to females who did not migrate alone (aHR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.54). CONCLUSION Family networks at the time of immigration were associated with differential patterns of non-affective psychotic disorders for males and females. These results suggest sex-specific differences in the perceived role of family networks during the migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gray C, Crawford G, Lobo R, Maycock B. Co-Designing an Intervention to Increase HIV Testing Uptake with Women from Indonesia At-Risk of HIV: Protocol for a Participatory Action Research Study. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E41. [PMID: 31164620 PMCID: PMC6632167 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is a critical component of the global response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In Australia, more than two-thirds of women from Southeast Asia are diagnosed late with HIV. There is limited evidence regarding the barriers to HIV testing and which interventions work to increase an uptake among migrants living in high-income countries. This participatory action research (PAR) project will work with women from Indonesia to co-design an intervention to increase HIV testing uptake in Western Australia. The project will involve trained community researchers, representatives from relevant organizations, and community women born in Indonesia. We will conduct three PAR cycles. Phase one will use focus groups to understand enablers for HIV testing among community members. In phase two, data will be presented back to members of the participating communities who will be invited to co-design an intervention to increase HIV testing. The final cycle will focus on implementing and evaluating the resulting intervention. This project will add to the small body of literature on pathways and enablers to HIV testing, and to new insights regarding interventions that work for women from migrant communities and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, Australia.
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, Australia.
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, Australia.
| | - Bruce Maycock
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, Australia.
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Brydsten A, Rostila M, Dunlavy A. Social integration and mental health - a decomposition approach to mental health inequalities between the foreign-born and native-born in Sweden. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:48. [PMID: 30944004 PMCID: PMC6889340 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing mental health inequalities between native- and foreign-born persons in Sweden is an important public health issue. Improving social integration has been stressed as a key strategy to combat this development. While a vast amount of studies have confirmed the importance of social integration for good mental health, less is known about the role of different types of social integration, and how they relate to mental health inequalities. This study aimed to examine the extent to which indicators of social integration explained mental health inequalities between the native- and foreign-born. Methods Based on the Health on Equal Terms survey from 2011/2015 in Västra Götaland, Sweden (n = 71,643), a non-linear Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis was performed comparing native- and foreign-born individuals from Nordic-, European- and non-European countries. The General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychological distress, while 11 items assessed employment conditions and economic disparities, social relations, and experiences of discrimination to measure different aspects of social integration. Results Differences in social integration explained large proportions of observed mental health differences between the native- and foreign-born. Important indicators included low levels of social activity (20%), trust in others (17%) and social support (16%), but also labour market disadvantages, such as being outside the labour market (15%), unemployment (10%) and experiencing financial strain (16%). In analyses stratified by region of origin, low trust in others and discrimination contributed to the mental health gap between the native-born and European-born (17 and 9%, respectively), and the native-born and non-European-born (19 and 10%, respectively). Precarious labour market position was a particularly important factor in the mental health gap between the native-born and Nordic-origin (22%), and non-European origin (36%) populations. Conclusion Social integration factors play a central role in explaining the mental health inequality between natives and migrants in Sweden. Our findings suggest that public health actions targeting mental health gaps could benefit from focusing on inequalities in social and economic recourses between natives and migrants in Sweden. Areas of priority include improving migrants’ financial strain, as well as increasing trust in others and social support and opportunities for civic engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brydsten
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Dunlavy
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wallace M, Khlat M, Guillot M. Mortality advantage among migrants according to duration of stay in France, 2004-2014. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:327. [PMID: 30898125 PMCID: PMC6427872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The migrant mortality advantage is generally interpreted as reflecting the selection of atypically healthy individuals from the country of origin followed by the wearing off of selection effects over time, a process theorised to be accelerated by progressive and negative acculturation in the host country. However, studies examining how migrant mortality evolves over duration of stay, which could provide insight into these two processes, are relatively scarce. Additionally, they have paid little attention to gender-specific patterns and the confounding effect of age. In this study, we analyze all-cause mortality according to duration of stay among male and female migrants in France, with a particular focus on the role of age in explaining duration of stay effects. Methods We use the Échantillon Démographique Permanent (Permanent Demographic Sample; EDP), France’s largest socio-demographic panel and a representative 1% sample of its population. Mortality was followed-up from 2004 to 2014, and parametric survival models were fitted for males and females to study variation in all-cause mortality among migrants over duration of stay. Estimates were adjusted for age, duration of stay, year, education level and marital status. Duration of stay patterns were examined for both open-ended and fixed age groups. Results We observe a migrant mortality advantage, which is most pronounced among recent arrivals and converges towards the mortality level of natives with duration of stay. We show this pattern to be robust to the confounding effect of age and find the pattern to be consistent among males and females. Conclusions Our novel findings show an intrinsic pattern of convergence of migrant mortality towards native-born mortality over time spent in France, independent from the ages at which mortality is measured. The consistent pattern in both genders suggests that males and females experience the same processes associated with generating the migrant mortality advantage. These patterns adhere to the selection-acculturation hypothesis and raise serious concerns about the erosion of migrant health capital with increasing exposure to conditions in France. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6652-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wallace
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Myriam Khlat
- Institut national d'études démographiques, French National Demographic Institute, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Michel Guillot
- Institut national d'études démographiques, French National Demographic Institute, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75020, Paris, France.,Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 242 McNeil Building, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
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Oksuzyan A, Mussino E, Drefahl S. Sex differences in mortality in migrants and the Swedish-born population: Is there a double survival advantage for immigrant women? Int J Public Health 2019; 64:377-386. [PMID: 30799526 PMCID: PMC6451703 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In the present study, we examine whether the relationships between country of origin or reason for migration and mortality differ between men and women. Methods We apply hazard regression models on high-quality Swedish register data with nationwide coverage. Results Relative to their Swedish counterparts, migrants from Nordic and East European (EU) countries and former Yugoslavia have higher mortality. This excess mortality among migrants relative to Swedes is more pronounced in men than in women. Migrants from Western and Southern European countries; Iran, Iraq, and Turkey; Central and South America; and Asia, have lower mortality than Swedes, and the size of the mortality reduction is similar in both sexes. The predictive effects of the reason for migration for mortality are also similar in migrant men and women. Conclusions This study provides little support for the hypothesis of a double survival advantage among immigrant women in Sweden. However, it does show that the excess mortality in migrants from Nordic and EU countries and former Yugoslavia relative to the Swedish-born population is more pronounced in men than in women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-019-01208-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Eleonora Mussino
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Drefahl
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schneeberger AR, Seixas A, Schweinfurth N, Lang UE, Cajochen C, Bux DA, Richards S, Jean-Louis G, Huber CG. Differences in Insomnia Symptoms between Immigrants and Non-Immigrants in Switzerland attributed to Emotional Distress: Analysis of the Swiss Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E289. [PMID: 30669632 PMCID: PMC6352062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migration can be a stressful experience and may lead to poor health and behavioral changes. The immigrant population in Switzerland is disproportionately burdened by several negative health outcomes, chief among these is mental health issues. The aim of the study was to investigate whether sleep disturbances are more prevalent among immigrants compared to non-immigrants and whether emotional distress might explain sleep differences. Based on the Swiss Health Survey 2012 dataset, we analyzed the data of 17,968 people, of which 3406 respondents were immigrants. We examined variables including insomnia symptoms, emotional distress and clinical and socio-demographic data using unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear models. Compared to non-immigrants, immigrants suffer significantly more often from insomnia symptoms. Immigrants also endured higher levels of emotional distress. Higher values of emotional distress are related to other symptoms of sleep disorders. Immigrants with emotional distress were at significant risk of sleep disturbances. Sleep disparities between immigrants and non-immigrants may be influenced by emotional distress. Migration health care should address emotional distress, a more proximal and modifiable factor, as a possible cause of insomnia symptoms in immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Schneeberger
- Psychiatrische Dienste Graubuenden (PDGR), Loestrasse 220, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), 3331 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
- Psychiatrische Universitaetsklinik (PUK), Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitaet Zuerich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, Translational Research Building, 227 East 30th Street, Floor 7, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Nina Schweinfurth
- Universitaere Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universitaet Basel, Switzerland (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Undine E Lang
- Universitaere Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universitaet Basel, Switzerland (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Universitaere Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universitaet Basel, Switzerland (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Donald A Bux
- Psychiatrische Dienste Graubuenden (PDGR), Loestrasse 220, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
| | - Shannique Richards
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, Translational Research Building, 227 East 30th Street, Floor 7, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, Translational Research Building, 227 East 30th Street, Floor 7, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Christian G Huber
- Universitaere Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Universitaet Basel, Switzerland (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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The Healthy Immigrant Effect: The role of educational selectivity in the good health of migrants. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2019.40.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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