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Kobak Tur E, Ari BC. Serum cholesterol levels and Parkinson's disease: a detailed investigation in Turkish population. Neurol Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39128854 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2390193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Elevated cholesterol levels may exacerbate α-synuclein aggregation, potentially contributing to PD. This study investigates the link between lipid profiles and PD severity, as well as cognitive functions in patients, aiming to inform pathogenesis and management strategies. METHODS Data from 250 PD patients and 100 healthy controls were analyzed. Serum cholesterol levels were compared with disease severity using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and modified Hoehn & Yahr Rating Scale (mH&Y). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive functions. RESULTS Of the participants, 45.4% were female, 54.6% male, with a mean age of 69.09 ± 11.13 years. Mean UPDRS score was 52.34 ± 26.32, mH&Y was 2.28 ± 0.91. Patients had significantly higher HDL levels (47.92 ± 11.63) than controls (45.40 ± 13.89) (p = 0.024). HDL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment than in patients with cognitive normal (p = 0.004). On the contrary, triglyceride levels were significantly lower in those with cognitive impairment compared to those with cognitively normal (p = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed being male associated with 3.796 times higher risk of illness, and HDL is associated with 1.030 times increased illness risk. CONCLUSION High HDL levels and male gender particularly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, HDL and triglyceride levels affect the cognition of PD patients. Further studies on the impact of cholesterol metabolism on the pathogenesis of PD could contribute to identifying effective treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Kobak Tur
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buse Cagla Ari
- Department of Neurology, Bahçeşehir University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Melcangi RC. Role of Neuroactive Steroids in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:941. [PMID: 39199329 PMCID: PMC11352212 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis occurs not only in endocrine peripheral glands (i [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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3
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Yoo HS, Kim HK, Lee HS, Yoon SH, Na HK, Kang SW, Lee JH, Ryu YH, Lyoo CH. Predictors associated with the rate of progression of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:5213-5222. [PMID: 38839638 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests as a wide variety of clinical phenotypes and its progression varies greatly. However, the factors associated with different disease progression remain largely unknown. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 113 patients who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scan twice. Given the negative exponential progression pattern of dopamine loss in PD, we applied the natural logarithm to the specific binding ratio (SBR) of two consecutive 18F-FP-CIT PET scans and conducted linear mixed model to calculate individual slope to define the progression rate of nigrostriatal degeneration. We investigated the clinical and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability patterns associated with the progression rate of dopamine depletion in each striatal sub-region. RESULTS More symmetric parkinsonism, the presence of dyslipidemia, lower K-MMSE total score, and lower anteroposterior gradient of the mean putaminal SBR were associated with faster progression rate of dopamine depletion in the caudate nucleus. More symmetric parkinsonism and lower anteroposterior gradient of the mean putaminal SBR were associated with faster depletion of dopamine in the anterior putamen. Older age at onset, more symmetric parkinsonism, the presence of dyslipidemia, and lower anteroposterior gradient of the mean putaminal SBR were associated with faster progression rate of dopamine depletion in the posterior putamen. Lower striatal mean SBR predicted the development of LID, while lower mean SBR in the caudate nuclei predicted the development of dementia. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the evaluation of baseline clinical features and patterns of DAT availability can predict the progression of PD and its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Kyeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Hoon Yoon
- Department of Neurology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han Kyu Na
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Davis CK, Bathula S, Jeong S, Arruri V, Choi J, Subramanian S, Ostrom CM, Vemuganti R. An antioxidant and anti-ER stress combination therapy elevates phosphorylation of α-Syn at serine 129 and alleviates post-TBI PD-like pathology in a sex-specific manner in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114795. [PMID: 38657855 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) in later life by >50%. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation are the major drivers of both TBI and PD pathologies. We presently evaluated if curtailing oxidative stress and ER stress concomitantly using a combination of apocynin and tert-butylhydroquinone and salubrinal during the acute stage after TBI in mice reduces the severity of late-onset PD-like pathology. The effect of multiple low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on post-TBI neurodegeneration was also evaluated. The combo therapy elevated the level of phosphorylation at serine 129 (pS129) of α-Syn in the pericontusional cortex of male mice at 72 h post-TBI. Motor and cognitive deficits induced by TBI lasted at least 3 months and the combo therapy curtailed these deficits in both sexes. At 3 months post-TBI, male mice given combo therapy exhibited significantly lesser α-Syn aggregates in the SN and higher TH+ cells in the SNpc, compared to vehicle control. However, the aggregate number was not significantly different between groups of female mice. Moreover, TBI-induced loss of TH+ cells was negligible in female mice irrespective of treatment. The MPTP treatment aggravated PD-like pathology in male mice but had a negligible effect on the loss of TH+ cells in female mice. Thus, the present study indicates that mitigation of TBI-induced oxidative stress and ER stress at the acute stage could potentially reduce the risk of post-TBI PD-like pathology at least in male mice, plausibly by elevating pS129-α-Syn level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeongwoo Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shruti Subramanian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carlie M Ostrom
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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5
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Schaffner SL, Casazza W, Artaud F, Konwar C, Merrill SM, Domenighetti C, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Mostafavi S, Dennis JK, Elbaz A, Kobor MS. Genetic variation and pesticide exposure influence blood DNA methylation signatures in females with early-stage Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 38714693 PMCID: PMC11076573 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although sex, genetics, and exposures can individually influence risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), the joint contributions of these factors to the epigenetic etiology of PD have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we profiled sex-stratified genome-wide blood DNAm patterns, SNP genotype, and pesticide exposure in agricultural workers (71 early-stage PD cases, 147 controls) and explored replication in three independent samples of varying demographics (n = 218, 222, and 872). Using a region-based approach, we found more associations of blood DNAm with PD in females (69 regions) than in males (2 regions, Δβadj| ≥0.03, padj ≤ 0.05). For 48 regions in females, models including genotype or genotype and pesticide exposure substantially improved in explaining interindividual variation in DNAm (padj ≤ 0.05), and accounting for these variables decreased the estimated effect of PD on DNAm. The results suggested that genotype, and to a lesser degree, genotype-exposure interactions contributed to variation in PD-associated DNAm. Our findings should be further explored in larger study populations and in experimental systems, preferably with precise measures of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W Casazza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - C Konwar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Merrill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - J M Schulze-Hentrich
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J C Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Brain Insitute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Department of Neurology and CIC Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J K Dennis
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Xu T, Dong W, Liu J, Yin P, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhou M. Disease burden of Parkinson's disease in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 46:101078. [PMID: 38745974 PMCID: PMC11091691 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has become a public health concern with global ageing. However, comprehensive assessments of the temporal and geographical trend of PD disease burden in China remain insufficient. This study aimed to examine the burden of PD by age, gender, and geographical region in China during 1990-2021. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we analysed the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY burden of PD in 33 Chinese provinces/regions. We compared the national figure with the global average and the corresponding estimates from the G20 countries. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the temporal trends of PD burden during 1990-2021. We further assessed the PD burden by age and gender during 1990-2021. We used a decomposition analysis to investigate the changes in the number of new cases, patients, and deaths of PD during 1990-2021. Findings In 2021, China recorded the highest age-standardised incidence and prevalence of PD among the G20 countries, at 24.3 per 100,000 and 245.7 per 100,000, respectively, figures that were much higher than the global average. During 1990-2021, the age-standardised incidence of PD in China increased by 89.7%, and the age-standardised prevalence by 167.8%, both marking the largest increases among the G20 countries. In contrast, the age-standardised mortality for PD has significantly decreased since 1990, whereas the age-standardised DALY rate for PD has remained relatively unchanged since 1990. The PD burden gradually increased with age, especially in the elderly population aged ≥65 years. During 1990-2021, the burden in males consistently surpassed that in females, with the gender difference widening over time. The increase in new cases and patients of PD was primarily driven by changes in age-specific rates, while the rise in PD-related deaths was largely attributable to population ageing. The disease burden of PD varied considerably across the Chinese provinces. In 2021, age-standardised incidence and prevalence of PD were generally higher in China's southeastern coastal regions than in the western regions, and age-standardised DALY rates were higher in the northern regions than in other regions. Interpretation The disease burden of PD in China has consistently risen over the past three decades, particularly among elderly men. The increasing causative factors and population aging highlight the need for enhancing public health intervention and resource allocation, especially in etiological research, early diagnosis, preventive strategies, and region-specific management for PD. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2022YFC2304900, 2022YFC2505100); National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2505100, 2022YFC2505103, 2018YFC1315300); Outstanding Young Scholars Support Program (grant number: 3111500001); Epidemiology modeling and risk assessment (grant number: 20200344), and Xi'an Jiaotong University Young Scholar Support Grant (grant number: YX6J004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingling Xu
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenlan Dong
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinli Liu
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
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Ernst M, Folkerts AK, Gollan R, Lieker E, Caro-Valenzuela J, Adams A, Cryns N, Monsef I, Dresen A, Roheger M, Eggers C, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 4:CD013856. [PMID: 38588457 PMCID: PMC11001292 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013856.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of different types of physical exercise in adults with PD on the severity of motor signs, quality of life (QoL), and the occurrence of adverse events, and to generate a clinically meaningful treatment ranking using network meta-analyses (NMAs). SEARCH METHODS An experienced information specialist performed a systematic search for relevant articles in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and five other databases to 17 May 2021. We also searched trial registries, conference proceedings, and reference lists of identified studies up to this date. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing one type of physical exercise for adults with PD to another type of exercise, a control group, or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data. A third author was involved in case of disagreements. We categorized the interventions and analyzed their effects on the severity of motor signs, QoL, freezing of gait, and functional mobility and balance up to six weeks after the intervention using NMAs. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias using the risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and rated the confidence in the evidence using the CINeMA approach for results on the severity of motor signs and QoL. We consulted a third review author to resolve any disagreements. Due to heterogeneous reporting of adverse events, we summarized safety data narratively and rated our confidence in the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 154 RCTs with a total of 7837 participants with mostly mild to moderate disease and no major cognitive impairment. The number of participants per study was small (mean 51, range from 10 to 474). The NMAs on the severity of motor signs and QoL included data from 60 (2721 participants), and 48 (3029 participants) trials, respectively. Eighty-five studies (5192 participants) provided safety data. Here, we present the main results. We observed evidence of beneficial effects for most types of physical exercise included in our review compared to a passive control group. The effects on the severity of motor signs and QoL are expressed as scores on the motor scale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-M) and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39), respectively. For both scales, higher scores denote higher symptom burden. Therefore, negative estimates reflect improvement (minimum clinically important difference: -2.5 for UPDRS-M and -4.72 for PDQ-39). Severity of motor signs The evidence from the NMA (60 studies; 2721 participants) suggests that dance and gait/balance/functional training probably have a moderate beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (dance: mean difference (MD) -10.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) -14.87 to -5.36; gait/balance/functional training: MD -7.50, 95% CI -11.39 to -3.48; moderate confidence), and multi-domain training probably has a small beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (MD -5.90, 95% CI -9.11 to -2.68; moderate confidence). The evidence also suggests that endurance, aqua-based, strength/resistance, and mind-body training might have a small beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (endurance training: MD -5.76, 95% CI -9.78 to -1.74; aqua-based training: MD -5.09, 95% CI -10.45 to 0.40; strength/resistance training: MD -4.96, 95% CI -9.51 to -0.40; mind-body training: MD -3.62, 95% CI -7.24 to 0.00; low confidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of "Lee Silverman Voice training BIG" (LSVT BIG) and flexibility training on the severity of motor signs (LSVT BIG: MD -6.70, 95% CI -16.48 to 3.08; flexibility training: MD 4.20, 95% CI -1.61 to 9.92; very low confidence). Quality of life The evidence from the NMA (48 studies; 3029 participants) suggests that aqua-based training probably has a large beneficial effect on QoL (MD -15.15, 95% CI -23.43 to -6.87; moderate confidence). The evidence also suggests that mind-body, gait/balance/functional, and multi-domain training and dance might have a small beneficial effect on QoL (mind-body training: MD -7.22, 95% CI -13.57 to -0.70; gait/balance/functional training: MD -6.17, 95% CI -10.75 to -1.59; multi-domain training: MD -5.29, 95% CI -9.51 to -1.06; dance: MD -3.88, 95% CI -10.92 to 3.00; low confidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of gaming, strength/resistance, endurance, and flexibility training on QoL (gaming: MD -8.99, 95% CI -23.43 to 5.46; strength/resistance training: MD -6.70, 95% CI -12.86 to -0.35; endurance training: MD -6.52, 95% CI -13.74 to 0.88; flexibility training: MD 1.94, 95% CI -10.40 to 14.27; very low confidence). Adverse events Only 85 studies (5192 participants) provided some kind of safety data, mostly only for the intervention groups. No adverse events (AEs) occurred in 40 studies and no serious AEs occurred in four studies. AEs occurred in 28 studies. The most frequently reported events were falls (18 studies) and pain (10 studies). The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of physical exercise on the risk of adverse events (very low confidence). Across outcomes, we observed little evidence of differences between exercise types. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of beneficial effects on the severity of motor signs and QoL for most types of physical exercise for people with PD included in this review, but little evidence of differences between these interventions. Thus, our review highlights the importance of physical exercise regarding our primary outcomes severity of motor signs and QoL, while the exact exercise type might be secondary. Notably, this conclusion is consistent with the possibility that specific motor symptoms may be treated most effectively by PD-specific programs. Although the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of exercise on the risk of adverse events, the interventions included in our review were described as relatively safe. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to increase confidence in the evidence. Additional studies recruiting people with advanced disease severity and cognitive impairment might help extend the generalizability of our findings to a broader range of people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ernst
- Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Romina Gollan
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Lieker
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Caro-Valenzuela
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Cryns
- Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antje Dresen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Resarch, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mandy Roheger
- Ambulatory Assessment in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop GmbH, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Hussain MA, Qaisar R, Karim A, Ahmad F, Franzese F, Alsaad SM, Al-Masri AA, Alkahtani SA. Biomarkers of Physical and Mental Health for Prediction of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study from 15 European Countries. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102988. [PMID: 38518526 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical for optimal treatment. However, the predictive potential of physical and mental health in PD is poorly characterized. METHODS We evaluated the potential of multiple demographic, physical, and mental factors in predicting the future onset of PD in older adults aged 50 years or older from 15 European countries. Individual study participants were followed over four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2013-2020. RESULTS Of 57,980 study participants, 442 developed PD during the study period. We identified male sex and advancing age from the sixth decade of life onward as significant predictors of future PD. Among physical factors, a low handgrip strength (HGS; men <27 kg, women <16 kg), being bothered by frailty, and recent falls were significantly associated with future PD. Among mental factors, a higher depression (Euro-D depression score >6) emerged as an independent predictor of future PD. Finally, the presence of hypertension or Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk of future PD. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, male sex, advancing age, low HGS, frailty, depression, hypertension, and AD were identified as critical risk factors for future PD. Our results may be useful in the early identification and treatment of populations at risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azhar Hussain
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Business Administration, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Saad M Alsaad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaea A Alkahtani
- Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Hatano T, Oyama G, Shimo Y, Ogaki K, Nishikawa N, Nakamura R, Tsunemi T, Ogawa T, Eguchi H, Daida K, Kurita N, Ueno SI, Fukae J, Sako W, Shiina K, Nakajima S, Oji Y, Wakamori R, Saiki S, Nishioka K, Okuzumi A, Taniguchi D, Takeshige-Amano H, Fuse A, Nakajima A, Kano M, Kamo H, Yamashita Y, Shindo A, Yanagisawa N, Hattori N. Efficacy and Safety of Elobixibat in Parkinson's Disease with Chronic Constipation: CONST-PD Study. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:352-362. [PMID: 38264844 PMCID: PMC10982595 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic constipation is a common digestive complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES To verify the usefulness of elobixibat, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, for chronic constipation in PD. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled study consisted of a 2-week observation/washout period and a 4-week treatment period. All patients received a Bowel Movement Diary at Week -2 and were allocated to elobixibat (10 mg) or placebo at Week 0. Patients visited at Weeks 2 and 4 to report daily spontaneous bowel movements (SBM), stool form, drug use, quality of life (QOL), and safety. Changes in these parameters were assessed. RESULTS The study included 38 patients in the elobixibat group and 39 in the placebo group, and 37 each completed the study. SBM frequency/week (mean ± standard deviation) increased significantly from 4.2 ± 2.6 at baseline to 5.9 ± 3.2 at Week 4 in the elobixibat group (P = 0.0079), but not in the placebo group (4.5 ± 2.7 to 5.3 ± 3.5; P = 0.0889). On analysis of covariance, the between-group difference in frequency changes at Week 4 (primary endpoint) was not significant after adjustment by baseline and sex (point estimate = 0.8; 95% confidence interval = -0.57 to 2.09, P = 0.2601), although a significant difference (P = 0.0011) was evidenced at Week 1 by a similar analysis. Stool form and scores of satisfaction and stigma were improved by elobixibat. Adverse events were as previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Elobixibat improved the SBM frequency, though the defined primary endpoint was not evidenced. QOL parameters (stool consistency and treatment satisfaction) were also improved. Elobixibat may have therapeutic benefits in PD patients suffering from chronic constipation. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Trial Registration Number: JPRN-jRCTs031200172 (submitted: October 26, 2020; first patient enrolment: December 23, 2020; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs031200172).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hiroto Eguchi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohide Kurita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Fukae
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sako
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Shiina
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oji
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Wakamori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsuhito Fuse
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kamo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotake Yanagisawa
- Juntendo Clinical Research and Trial Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Nordengen K, Cappelletti C, Bahrami S, Frei O, Pihlstrøm L, Henriksen SP, Geut H, Rozemuller AJM, van de Berg WDJ, Andreassen OA, Toft M. Pleiotropy with sex-specific traits reveals genetic aspects of sex differences in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:858-870. [PMID: 37671566 PMCID: PMC10907091 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a higher incidence in males than females. The causes for this sex difference are unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 90 Parkinson's disease risk loci, but the genetic studies have not found sex-specific differences in allele frequency on autosomal chromosomes or sex chromosomes. Genetic variants, however, could exert sex-specific effects on gene function and regulation of gene expression. To identify genetic loci that might have sex-specific effects, we studied pleiotropy between Parkinson's disease and sex-specific traits. Summary statistics from GWASs were acquired from large-scale consortia for Parkinson's disease (n cases = 13 708; n controls = 95 282), age at menarche (n = 368 888 females) and age at menopause (n = 69 360 females). We applied the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (FDR) method to identify shared loci between Parkinson's disease and these sex-specific traits. Next, we investigated sex-specific gene expression differences in the superior frontal cortex of both neuropathologically healthy individuals and Parkinson's disease patients (n cases = 61; n controls = 23). To provide biological insights to the genetic pleiotropy, we performed sex-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis and sex-specific age-related differential expression analysis for genes mapped to Parkinson's disease risk loci. Through conditional/conjunctional FDR analysis we found 11 loci shared between Parkinson's disease and the sex-specific traits age at menarche and age at menopause. Gene-set and pathway analysis of the genes mapped to these loci highlighted the importance of the immune response in determining an increased disease incidence in the male population. Moreover, we highlighted a total of nine genes whose expression or age-related expression in the human brain is influenced by genetic variants in a sex-specific manner. With these analyses we demonstrated that the lack of clear sex-specific differences in allele frequencies for Parkinson's disease loci does not exclude a genetic contribution to differences in disease incidence. Moreover, further studies are needed to elucidate the role that the candidate genes identified here could have in determining a higher incidence of Parkinson's disease in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chiara Cappelletti
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanneke Geut
- Section of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Section of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Kalinichenko LS, Kohl Z, Mühle C, Hassan Z, Hahn A, Schmitt EM, Macht K, Stoyanov L, Moghaddami S, Bilbao R, Eulenburg V, Winkler J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Sex-specific pleiotropic changes in emotional behavior and alcohol consumption in human α-synuclein A53T transgenic mice during early adulthood. J Neurochem 2024; 168:269-287. [PMID: 38284431 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Point mutations in the α-synuclein coding gene may lead to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is often accompanied by other psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and drug use disorders, which typically emerge in adulthood. Some of these point mutations, such as SNCA and A30T, have been linked to behavioral effects that are not commonly associated with PD, especially regarding alcohol consumption patterns. In this study, we investigated whether the familial PD point mutation A53T is associated with changes in alcohol consumption behavior and emotional states at ages not yet characterized by α-synuclein accumulation. The affective and alcohol-drinking phenotypes remained unaltered in female PDGF-hA53T-synuclein-transgenic (A53T) mice during both early and late adulthood. Brain region-specific activation of ceramide-producing enzymes, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM), known for their neuroprotective properties, was observed during early adulthood but not in late adulthood. In males, the A53T mutation was linked to a reduction in alcohol consumption in both early and late adulthood. However, male A53T mice displayed increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors during both early and late adulthood. Enhanced ASM activity in the dorsal mesencephalon and ventral hippocampus may potentially contribute to these adverse behavioral effects of the mutation in males during late adulthood. In summary, the A53T gene mutation was associated with diverse changes in emotional states and alcohol consumption behavior long before the onset of PD, and these effects varied by sex. These alterations in behavior may be linked to changes in brain ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Macht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lyubomir Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Schayan Moghaddami
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Grotewold N, Albin RL. Update: Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:106000. [PMID: 38233324 PMCID: PMC10922566 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We review the descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson disease (PD). PD is a prevalent neurologic disorder in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) nations with rising prevalence in low and middle SDI nations. PD became a prevalent disorder in high SDI nations during the 20th century. Population growth, population aging, and increased disease duration are major drivers of rising PD prevalence. Exposure to industrial toxicants may also be a contributor to rising PD prevalence. PD is an age-related disorder with incidence likely peaking in the 8th decade of life and prevalence in the 9th decade of life. PD is notable for significant sex difference in PD risk with greater risk in men. There may be ancestral differences in PD prevalence and risk. PD is associated with moderately increased mortality though this may be underestimated. Despite significant research, there is considerable uncertainty about basic features of PD epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Grotewold
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan Parkinson's Foundation Research Center of Excellence, USA.
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13
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Custódio-Silva AC, Beserra-Filho JIA, Soares-Silva B, Maria-Macêdo A, Silva-Martins S, Silva SP, Santos JR, Silva RH, Ribeiro DA, Ribeiro AM. Purple Carrot Extract Exhibits a Neuroprotective Profile in th e Nigrostriatal Pathway in the Reserpine-induced Model of Parkinson 's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:196-205. [PMID: 38279716 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249260445231226112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Even with scientific and technological advances, the therapeutic approaches used for the treatment of PD have shown to be largely ineffective in controlling the progression of symptoms in the long term. There is a growing demand for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for PD treatment. Different herbs and supplements have been considered as adjuvant to treat the symptoms of Parkinsonism. The carrot is one of the most consumed vegetable species worldwide, and its root is known for its content of anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of purple carrot extract (CAR) in rats on the reserpine (RES)-induced progressive parkinsonism model. METHODS Male rats (6-month-old) received orally the CAR (400 mg/kg) or vehicle and subcutaneously RES (0.01 mg/kg) or vehicle for 28 days (Preventive Phase). From the 29th day, rats received CAR or vehicle daily and RES (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle every other day (for 23 days, Protective phase). Behavioral tests were conducted throughout the treatment. Upon completion, the animals' brain were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical assessment. RESULTS Our results showed that the chronic treatment of CAR protected against motor disabilities, reducing the time of catalepsy behavior and decreasing the frequency of oral movements, possibly by preserving TH levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc. CONCLUSION CAR extract is effective to attenuate motor symptoms in rats associated with increased TH+ levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc, indicating the potential nutraceutical benefits of CAR extract in a progressive parkinsonism model induced by RES.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Pereira Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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14
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Coste J, Mandereau-Bruno L, Carcaillon-Bentata L, Mikaeloff Y, Bouilleret V. Prevalence, demographic and spatial distribution of treated epilepsy in France in 2020: a study based on the French national health data system. J Neurol 2024; 271:519-525. [PMID: 37787813 PMCID: PMC10770219 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although still incomplete, the epidemiology of epilepsy shows substantial variations in the burden of the condition according to demographic, social and territorial characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of treated epilepsy and to investigate its demographic and spatial distribution in 2020 in France, a country where the nationwide epidemiological situation of the condition remains largely unknown. METHODS We used the French national health data system, which covers nearly the entire population residing in France (over 67 million of inhabitants in metropolitan and overseas departments). Prevalent cases were identified using long-term disease status, hospitalisation for epilepsy (ICD-10 codes G40 or G41), and reimbursements for antiseizure medications and electroencephalograms. RESULTS In 2020, we identified 685,122 epilepsy cases, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 10.2 per 1000 inhabitants [95% confidence interval 10.1-10.2], with similar rates in men and women. Estimates were found to increase with age, with an accelerated rise in the second half of the life, which occurred earlier in men than in women. We observed a monotonic gradient of variation with socio-economic deprivation (in non-military metropolitan subjects aged 18-54 years) as well as territorial heterogeneity, with the mountainous centre of France as well as some French overseas departments having the highest prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our results revise upwards the estimation of epilepsy prevalence in France, showing that it now ranks among the highest in developed countries. Our study also confirms the important socio-territorial heterogeneity of the condition that reflects health inequalities in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Coste
- Santé Publique France (French National Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France.
| | | | | | - Yann Mikaeloff
- CPEA, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- CESP-INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Viviane Bouilleret
- Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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15
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Bovolenta TM, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Santos-Lobato BLD, Godeiro Júnior CDO, Silva DJD, Nicaretta D, Barbosa ER, Cardoso FEC, Della Coletta MV, Braga Neto P, Cury RG, Tumas V, Felicio AC. Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in a Brazilian multiethnic population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105897. [PMID: 37931350 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the current demographic transition, it is estimated that by 2050 Brazil will have a population of 90 million people aged 60 years or more, and in parallel Parkinson's disease (PD) will bring a considerable economic burden to our society. Brazil is considered multiracial due to its colonization, generating important social and regional inequalities. Knowing the costs of the PD may aid to improve local public policies. However, in Brazil, no estimates of these values have been made so far. OBJECTIVES To evaluate direct, indirect, and out-of-pocket costs in Brazilian people with PD (PwP). METHODS Categorical and numerical data were collected through a customized and standardized cost-related-questionnaire from 1055 PwP nationwide, from 10 tertiary movement disorders centers across all Brazilian regions. RESULTS The estimated average annual cost of PwP was US$ 4020.48. Direct and indirect costs accounted for 63% and 36% of the total, respectively, and out-of-pocket costs were 49%. There were no evidence of differences in the total cost of PD across the regions of the country; however, differences were reported between the stages of the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y). CONCLUSION This data suggests a considerable burden of PD for Brazilian society in general, not only for the public health system, but mainly for those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Delson José da Silva
- Neuroscience Core, Hospital Clinics, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil Integrated Neurosciences Institute, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Denise Nicaretta
- School of Medicine and Surgery - UNIRIO HUGG/EBSERH Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Egberto R Barbosa
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco E C Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Braga Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology Section, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Rubens G Cury
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Sciences of Behavior, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andre C Felicio
- Department of Neurology and Brain Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Hosseinzadeh S, Afshari S, Molaei S, Rezaei N, Dadkhah M. The role of genetics and gender specific differences in neurodegenerative disorders: Insights from molecular and immune landscape. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578206. [PMID: 37813041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are the most common neurological disorders with high prevalence and have significant socioeconomic implications. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the immune system can be effective in disease etiology, leading to more effective therapeutic approaches for both females and males. The central nervous system (CNS) actively participates in immune responses, both within and outside the CNS. Immune system activation is a common feature in NDDs. Gender-specific factors play a significant role in the prevalence, progression, and manifestation of NDDs. Neuroinflammation, in both inflammatory neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, is defined by the triggering of microglia and astrocyte cell activation. This results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Numerous studies have documented the role of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases, highlighting the involvement of immune signaling pathways in disease development. Converging evidence support immune system involvement during neurodegeneration in NDDs. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence that reveals gender-dependent differences in immune responses related to NDDs. Also, we highlight sex differences in immune responses and discuss how these sex-specific influences can increase the risk of NDDs. Understanding the role of gender-specific factors can aid in developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Ultimately, the better understanding of these mechanisms contributed to sex-dependent immune response in NDDs, can be critically usful in targeting of immune signaling cascades in such disorders. In this regard, sex-related immune responses in NDDs may be promising and effective targets in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Salva Afshari
- Students Research Committee, Pharmacy School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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17
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Memon AA, Gelman K, Melott J, Billings R, Fullard M, Catiul C, Miocinovic S, Amara AW. A systematic review of health disparities research in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1269401. [PMID: 37964803 PMCID: PMC10641459 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1269401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the primary surgical intervention for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with insufficient response to medication, significantly improving motor symptoms and quality of life. Despite FDA approval for over two decades, access to this therapy remains limited. This systematic review aims to evaluate the influence of gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age on health disparities associated with DBS for PD, providing an overview of current research in this field. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from 1960 to September 12th, 2023, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Studies that examine the disparities in accessing DBS among patients with PD were included, comparing different demographic factors. Findings were synthesized and presented narratively to identify and understand DBS disparities. Results After screening for relevance, 25 studies published between 1960 and 2023 were included, with 16 studies meeting full-text review criteria. While reviewing the references of the 16 articles, two additional studies were included, bringing the total number of included studies to 18. Most studies originated from the United States (44%). The identified studies were categorized as identifying disparities, understanding disparities, or reducing disparities. The majority focused on identifying disparities (72%), while fewer studies delved into understanding the underlying factors (28%). No studies evaluated strategies for reducing disparities. The findings indicate that elderly, female, and Black people, as well as those from low socioeconomic backgrounds and developing countries face greater obstacles in accessing DBS for PD. Conclusion This study highlights factors contributing to disparities in DBS utilization for PD, including race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Public health policymakers, practitioners, and clinicians should recognize these inequalities and work toward reducing disparities, particularly among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel A. Memon
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kate Gelman
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Joseph Melott
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Rebecca Billings
- UAB Libraries, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michelle Fullard
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Amy W. Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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18
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Zuo Z, Li J, Zhang B, Hang A, Wang Q, Xiong G, Tang L, Zhou Z, Chang X. Early-Life Exposure to Paraquat Aggravates Sex-Specific and Progressive Abnormal Non-Motor Neurobehavior in Aged Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:842. [PMID: 37888693 PMCID: PMC10611227 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to environmental neurotoxicants is known to have lasting effects on organisms. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of PQ exposure during early developmental stages and adult re-challenge in aged mice on non-motor neurobehavior. Two mouse models, which were exposed once during early life stage and re-exposure at adulthood, were created to explore the long-term effects of PQ on non-motor neurobehavior. As the results showed, early-life exposure to PQ caused impairment in working memory and cognitive ability in aged male mice, but not in female mice, exhibiting a sex-specific impairment. Moreover, male mice that were re-challenged with PQ at adulthood following early-life exposure also exhibited non-motor neurobehavioral disorders. Notably, re-exposure to PQ exacerbated neurobehavioral disorders and anxiety levels compared to single exposure during different life stages. Collectively, early-life exposure to PQ can result in irreversible impairments in non-motor neurobehavior and increase susceptibility to subsequent insults in male mice, but not in female mice, suggesting greater sensitivity in male rodents to PQ-induced non-motor neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ai Hang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiaoxu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
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19
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Cutia CA, Christian-Hinman CA. Mechanisms linking neurological disorders with reproductive endocrine dysfunction: Insights from epilepsy research. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101084. [PMID: 37506886 PMCID: PMC10818027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal hormone actions in the brain can both worsen and alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders. Although neurological conditions and reproductive endocrine function are seemingly disparate, compelling evidence indicates that reciprocal interactions exist between certain disorders and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis irregularities. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that shows significant reproductive endocrine dysfunction (RED) in clinical populations. Seizures, particularly those arising from temporal lobe structures, can drive HPG axis alterations, and hormones produced in the HPG axis can reciprocally modulate seizure activity. Despite this relationship, mechanistic links between seizures and RED, and vice versa, are still largely unknown. Here, we review clinical evidence alongside recent investigations in preclinical animal models into the contributions of seizures to HPG axis malfunction, describe the effects of HPG axis hormonal feedback on seizure activity, and discuss how epilepsy research can offer insight into mechanisms linking neurological disorders to HPG axis dysfunction, an understudied area of neuroendocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn A Cutia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Catherine A Christian-Hinman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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20
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Kuroki Y, Fukami M. Y Chromosome Genomic Variations and Biological Significance in Human Diseases and Health. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:5-13. [PMID: 37562362 DOI: 10.1159/000531933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome is a haploid genome unique to males with no genes essential for life. It is easily transmitted to the next generation without being repaired by recombination, even if a major genomic structural alteration occurs. On the other hand, the Y chromosome genome is basically a region transmitted only from father to son, reflecting a male-specific inheritance between generations. The Y chromosome exhibits genomic structural differences among different ethnic groups and individuals. The Y chromosome was previously thought to affect only male-specific phenotypes, but recent studies have revealed associations between the Y chromosomes and phenotypes common to both males and females, such as certain types of cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. This evidence was discovered with the finding of the mosaic loss of the Y chromosome in somatic cells. This phenomenon is also affected by environmental factors, such as smoking and aging. In the past, functional analysis of the Y chromosome has been elucidated by assessing the function of Y chromosome-specific genes and the association between Y chromosome haplogroups and human phenotypes. These studies are currently being conducted intensively. Additionally, the recent advance of large-scale genome cohort studies has increased the amount of Y chromosome genomic information available for analysis, making it possible to conduct more precise studies of the relationship between genome structures and phenotypes. In this review, we will introduce recent analyses using large-scale genome cohort data and previously reported association studies between Y chromosome haplogroups and human phenotypes, such as male infertility, cancer, cardiovascular system traits, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The function and biological role of the Y chromosome in human phenotypes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kuroki
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Collaborative Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diversity Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Division of Diversity Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Bosco F, Ruga S, Citraro R, Leo A, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Nucera S, Bava I, Palma E, Muscoli C, Hancke J, De Sarro G, Mollace V. The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3428. [PMID: 37571363 PMCID: PMC10421033 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common NDs. Of the many risk factors for neurodegeneration, the aging process has the most significant impact, to the extent that it is tempting to consider neurodegenerative disease as a manifestation of accelerated aging. However, genetic and environmental factors determine the course of neurodegenerative disease progression. It has been proposed that environmental stimuli influence neuroplasticity. Some clinical studies have shown that healthy lifestyles and the administration of nutraceuticals containing bioactive molecules possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have a preventive impact or mitigate symptoms in previously diagnosed patients. Despite ongoing research efforts, the therapies currently used for the treatment of NDs provide only marginal therapeutic benefits; therefore, the focus is now directly on the search for natural products that could be valuable tools in combating these diseases, including the natural compound Andrographis paniculata (Ap) and its main constituent, andrographolide (Andro). Preclinical studies have shown that the aqueous extract of Ap can modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses, reducing inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in various NDs. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ap and Andro can modulate the processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, which are significant causes of neuronal death and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
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22
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Raheel K, Deegan G, Di Giulio I, Cash D, Ilic K, Gnoni V, Chaudhuri KR, Drakatos P, Moran R, Rosenzweig I. Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1204104. [PMID: 37545736 PMCID: PMC10398394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1204104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Past research indicates a higher prevalence, incidence, and severe clinical manifestations of alpha-synucleinopathies in men, leading to a suggestion of neuroprotective properties of female sex hormones (especially estrogen). The potential pathomechanisms of any such effect on alpha-synucleinopathies, however, are far from understood. With that aim, we undertook to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies using a bench-to-bedside approach. Methods In this systematic review, studies investigating sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behavior Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) from 2012 to 2022 were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Embase and Ovid. Results One hundred sixty-two studies were included; 5 RBD, 6 MSA, 20 DLB and 131 PD studies. Overall, there is conclusive evidence to suggest sex-and gender-specific manifestation in demographics, biomarkers, genetics, clinical features, interventions, and quality of life in alpha-synucleinopathies. Only limited data exists on the effects of distinct sex hormones, with majority of studies concentrating on estrogen and its speculated neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Future studies disentangling the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of alpha-synucleinopathies are urgently needed in order to enable novel sex-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Deegan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalyn Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Meheronnisha SK, Thekkekkara D, Babu A, Tausif YM, Manjula SN. Novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of Parkinson's disease: an in-depth review on molecular signalling cascades. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:218. [PMID: 37265542 PMCID: PMC10229523 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has focused mostly on understanding and combating the neurodegenerative mechanisms and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, developing novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of PD remains a key focus for researchers. As yet, no agents have been found to have unambiguous evidence of disease-modifying actions in PD. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the promising targets that have recently been uncovered which include histamine 4 receptors, beta2 adrenergic receptor, phosphodiesterase 4, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, angiotensin receptors, high-mobility group box 1, rabphilin-3A, purinergic 2Y type 12 receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2, G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, a mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein, glucocerebrosidase, indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, soluble epoxy hydroxylase and dual specificity phosphatase 6. We have also reviewed the molecular signalling cascades of those novel targets which cause the initiation and progression of PD and gathered some emerging disease-modifying agents that could slow the progression of PD. These approaches will assist in the discovery of novel target molecules, for curing disease symptoms and may provide a glimmer of hope for the treatment of PD. As of now, there is no drug available that will completely prevent the progression of PD by inhibiting the pathogenesis involved in PD, and thus, the newer targets and their inhibitors or activators are the major focus for researchers to suppress PD symptomatology. And the major limitations of these targets are the lack of clinical data and less number pre-clinical data, as we have majorly discussed the different targets which all have well reported for other disease pathogenesis. Thus, finding the disease-drug interactions, the molecular mechanisms, and the major side effects will be major challenges for the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Y. Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
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Jung D, Kwak DW, Kim M, Lee WW. A Role of β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists Related to the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India 2023; 71:710-715. [PMID: 37635503 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested the potential protective role of β2-adrenoreceptor agonist (β2AR-agonist) on the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, those could not reflect a different epidemiologic background in eastern countries. We explored β2AR-agonist's effect on PD development by controlling for smoking. Materials and Methods We used the Korean national sample cohort data (from 2002 to 2013) containing 1,025,340 participants (2.2% of the whole population). The subjects over 60 years were included. PD was defined based on the ICD-10 code, which should be diagnosed by neurologists. Atypical Parkinsonisms or ataxic disorders were excluded. We made Set 1 (from 2003 to 2007) and Set 2 (from 2003 to 2008) based on the exposure period for the sensitivity analysis. We observed whether PD had developed during the follow-up periods in each subset. Results The PD (Set 1, n = 742; Set 2, n = 699) and non-PD group (Set 1, n = 57,645; Set 2, n = 66,586) were collected. Old age, Medicaid, and asthma were risk factors, whereas smoking was a significant protective factor for PD development. The proportion of β2AR-agonist use was significantly higher in the PD group than in the non-PD group (Set 1, 3.6% vs. 2.4%; Set 2, 4.1% vs. 2.6%). β2AR-agonist use still was a risk factor in developing PD from the multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions β2-AR-agonist looked like a risk factor rather than a protective factor for PD development. Well-controlled studies reflecting various epidemiologic backgrounds are required to confirm the role of β2AR-agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Jung
- Advanced Institute of Finance and Economics, Liaoning University, Liaoning, China
| | - Do Won Kwak
- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- College of Business, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Lamontagne-Proulx J, Coulombe K, Morissette M, Rieux M, Calon F, Di Paolo T, Soulet D. Sex and Age Differences in a Progressive Synucleinopathy Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2023; 13:977. [PMID: 37371557 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutation and overexpression of the alpha-synuclein protein (αSyn), described as synucleinopathy, is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like pathologies. A higher prevalence of PD is documented for men versus women, suggesting female hormones' implication in slowing PD progression. The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in rodent males are more vulnerable to toxins than those in females. The effect of biological sex on synucleinopathy remains poorly described and was investigated using mice knocked out for murine αSyn (SNCA-/-) and also overexpressing human αSyn (SNCA-OVX) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. All the mice showed decreased locomotor activity with age, and more abruptly in the male than in the female SNCA-OVX mice; anxiety-like behavior increased with age. The SNCA-OVX mice had an age-dependent accumulation of αSyn. Older age was associated with the loss of nigral DA neurons and decreased striatal DA contents. The astrogliosis, microgliosis, and cytokine concentrations increased with aging. More abrupt nigrostriatal DA decreases and increased microgliosis were observed in the male SNCA-OVX mice. Human αSyn overexpression and murine αSyn knockout resulted in behavioral dysfunctions, while only human αSyn overexpression was toxic to DA neurons. At 18 months, neuroprotection was lost in the female SNCA-OVX mice, with a likely loss of estrus cycles. In conclusion, sex-dependent αSyn toxicity was observed, affecting the male mice more significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé OptiNutriBrain (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie Rieux
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé OptiNutriBrain (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, Boulevard Hochelaga, Bureau 1705, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé OptiNutriBrain (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, T2-32, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé OptiNutriBrain (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, Boulevard Hochelaga, Bureau 1705, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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26
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Martino D. What can epidemiological studies teach on the pathophysiology of adult-onset isolated dystonia? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:21-60. [PMID: 37482393 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Several demographic and environmental factors may play an important role in determining the risk of developing adult-onset isolated dystonia (AOID) and/or modifying its course. However, epidemiologic studies have provided to date only partial insight on the disease mechanisms that are actively influenced by these factors. The age-related increase in female predominance in both patients diagnosed with AOID and subjects carrying its putative mediational phenotype suggests sexual dimorphism that has been demonstrated for mechanisms related to blepharospasm and cervical dystonia. The opposite relationship that spread and spontaneous remission of AOID have with age suggests age-related decline of compensatory mechanisms that protect from the progression of AOID. Epidemiological studies focusing on environmental risk factors yielded associations only with specific forms of AOID, even for those factors that are not likely to predispose exclusively to specific focal forms (for example, only writing dystonia was found associated with head trauma, and only blepharospasm with coffee intake). Other factors show biological plausibility of their mechanistic role for specific forms, e.g., dry eye syndrome or sunlight exposure for blepharospasm, scoliosis for cervical dystonia, repetitive writing for writing dystonia. Overall, the relationship between environment and AOID remains complex and incompletely defined. Both hypothesis-driven preclinical studies and well-designed cross-sectional or prospective clinical studies are still necessary to decipher this intricate relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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27
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Alqahtani T, Deore SL, Kide AA, Shende BA, Sharma R, Chakole RD, Nemade LS, Kale NK, Borah S, Deokar SS, Behera A, Dhawal Bhandari D, Gaikwad N, Azad AK, Ghosh A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -An updated review. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00051-X. [PMID: 37269968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins in the central nervous system can induce oxidative damage, which can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases in the mitochondria. Neurodegenerative patients face early mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting energy utilization. Amyloid-ß and tau problems both have an effect on mitochondria, which leads to mitochondrial malfunction and, ultimately, the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Cellular oxygen interaction yields reactive oxygen species within mitochondria, initiating oxidative damage to mitochondrial constituents. Parkinson's disease, linked to oxidative stress, α-synuclein aggregation, and inflammation, results from reduced brain mitochondria activity. Mitochondrial dynamics profoundly influence cellular apoptosis via distinct causative mechanisms. The condition known as Huntington's disease is characterized by an expansion of polyglutamine, primarily impactingthe cerebral cortex and striatum. Research has identified mitochondrial failure as an early pathogenic mechanism contributing to HD's selective neurodegeneration. The mitochondria are organelles that exhibit dynamism by undergoing fragmentation and fusion processes to attain optimal bioenergetic efficiency. They can also be transported along microtubules and regulateintracellular calcium homeostasis through their interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, the mitochondria produce free radicals. The functions of eukaryotic cells, particularly in neurons, have significantly deviated from the traditionally assigned role of cellular energy production. Most of them areimpaired in HD, which may lead to neuronal dysfunction before symptoms manifest. This article summarises the most important changes in mitochondrial dynamics that come from neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Finally, we discussed about novel techniques that can potentially treat mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative stress in four most dominating neuro disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Ritika Sharma
- University institute of pharma sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab.
| | - Rita Dadarao Chakole
- Government College of Pharmacy Vidyanagar Karad Dist Satara Maharashtra Pin 415124.
| | - Lalita S Nemade
- Govindrao Nikam College of Pharmacy Sawarde Maharashtra 415606.
| | | | - Sudarshana Borah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya Technocity, Ri-Bhoi District Meghalaya.
| | | | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun,Uttarakhand.
| | - Divya Dhawal Bhandari
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014. India.
| | - Nikita Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, P.E.S. Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune-411044.
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy MAHSA University Bandar Saujana putra, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
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28
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Pesce G, Artaud F, Roze E, Degaey I, Portugal B, Nguyen TTH, Fournier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Elbaz A, Canonico M. Reproductive characteristics, use of exogenous hormones and Parkinson disease in women from the E3N study. Brain 2023; 146:2535-2546. [PMID: 36415953 PMCID: PMC10232244 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite experimental studies suggesting a disease-modifying role of oestrogens, results from epidemiological studies on the relation of reproductive characteristics and hormonal exposures with Parkinson disease in women are conflicting. We used the data from the E3N cohort study including 98 068 women aged 40-65 years in 1990 followed until 2018. Parkinson disease was ascertained using a validation process based on drug claim databases and medical records. Reproductive characteristics and hormonal exposures were self-reported (11 questionnaires). Associations of exposures with Parkinson disease incidence were investigated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression with a 5-year exposure lag and age as the timescale adjusted for confounders. We identified 1165 incident Parkinson disease cases during a mean follow-up of 22.0 years (incidence rate = 54.7 per 100 000 person-years). Parkinson disease incidence was higher in women with early (<12 years, HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04-1.40) or late age at menarche (≥14 years, HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03-1.35) than in women with menarche at 12-13 years. Nulliparity was not associated with Parkinson disease, but Parkinson disease incidence increased with the number of children in parous women (P-trend = 0.009). Women with artificial (surgical, iatrogenic) menopause were at greater risk than women with natural menopause (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.09-1.47), especially when artificial menopause occurred at an early age (≤45.0 years). Postmenopausal hormone therapy tended to mitigate greater risk associated with artificial or early menopause (≤45.0 years). While fertility treatments were not associated with Parkinson disease overall, ever users of clomiphene were at greater Parkinson disease risk than never users (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.14-2.88). Other exposures (breastfeeding, oral contraceptives) were not associated with Parkinson disease. Our findings suggest that early and late age at menarche, higher parity, and artificial menopause, in particular at an early age, are associated with increased Parkinson disease incidence in women. In addition, there was some evidence that use of exogenous hormones may increase (fertility treatments) or decrease (postmenopausal hormone therapy) Parkinson disease incidence. These findings support the hypothesis that hormonal exposures play a role in the susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. If confirmed, they could help to identify subgroups at high risk for Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Pesce
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, F-75013, France
- Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Isabelle Degaey
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Berta Portugal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Thi Thu Ha Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G.Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Marianne Canonico
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Équipe « Exposome, hérédité, cancer et santé », CESP UMR 1018, Villejuif, F-94807, France
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Wüllner U, Borghammer P, Choe CU, Csoti I, Falkenburger B, Gasser T, Lingor P, Riederer P. The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:827-838. [PMID: 37169935 PMCID: PMC10174621 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD), i.e. the various clinical phenotypes, pathological findings, genetic predispositions and probably also the various implicated pathophysiological pathways pose a major challenge for future research projects and therapeutic trail design. We outline several pathophysiological concepts, pathways and mechanisms, including the presumed roles of α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, Lewy bodies, oxidative stress, iron and melanin, deficient autophagy processes, insulin and incretin signaling, T-cell autoimmunity, the gut-brain axis and the evidence that microbial (viral) agents may induce molecular hallmarks of neurodegeneration. The hypothesis is discussed, whether PD might indeed be triggered by exogenous (infectious) agents in susceptible individuals upon entry via the olfactory bulb (brain first) or the gut (body-first), which would support the idea that disease mechanisms may change over time. The unresolved heterogeneity of PD may have contributed to the failure of past clinical trials, which attempted to slow the course of PD. We thus conclude that PD patients need personalized therapeutic approaches tailored to specific phenomenological and etiologic subtypes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Itzehoe, Robert-Koch-Straße 2, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Fachklinik Für Parkinson, Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen, Karl-Ferdinand-Broll-Straße 2-4, 35638 Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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30
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Xu W, Chen L, Cai G, Gao M, Chen Y, Pu J, Chen X, Liu N, Ye Q, Qian K. Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease via the Metabolic Fingerprint in Saliva by Deep Learning. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300285. [PMID: 37236160 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second cause of the neurodegenerative disorder, affecting over 6 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that population aging will cause global PD prevalence to double in the coming 30 years. Optimal management of PD shall start at diagnosis and requires both a timely and accurate method. Conventional PD diagnosis needs observations and clinical signs assessment, which are time-consuming and low-throughput. A lack of body fluid diagnostic biomarkers for PD has been a significant challenge, although substantial progress has been made in genetic and imaging marker development. Herein, a platform that noninvasively collects saliva metabolic fingerprinting (SMF) by nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry with high-reproducibility and high-throughput, using ultra-small sample volume (down to 10 nL), is developed. Further, excellent diagnostic performance is achieved with an area-under-the-curve of 0.8496 (95% CI: 0.7393-0.8625) by constructing deep learning model from 312 participants. In conclusion, an alternative solution is provided for the molecular diagnostics of PD with SMF and metabolic biomarker screening for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Big Data Management Optimization and Decision of Liaoning Province, Dongbei University of Finance of Economics, Dongbei, 116025, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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31
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Idrissi SE, Fath N, Ibork H, Taghzouti K, Alamy M, Abboussi O. Restraint Stress Exacerbates Apoptosis in a 6-OHDA Animal Model of Parkinson Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:166-176. [PMID: 36633788 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the apoptotic pathway has been associated with promoting neuronal cell death in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which it may occur remain unclear. It has been suggested that stress-induced oxidation and potential apoptosis may play a major role in the progression of PD. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of subchronic restraint stress on striatal dopaminergic activity, iron, p53, caspase-3, and plasmatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in male Wistar rat model of PD induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The obtained results showed that restraint stress exacerbates motor coordination deficits and anxiety in animals treated with 6-OHDA in comparison to animals receiving saline, and it had no effect on object recognition memory. On another hand, 6-OHDA decreased dopamine (DA) levels, increased iron accumulation, and induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, p53, and AChE. More interestingly, post-lesion restraint stress exacerbated the expression of caspase-3 and AChE without affecting p53 expression. These findings suggest that subchronic stress may accentuate apoptosis and may contribute to DA neuronal loss in the striatal regions and possibly exacerbate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nada Fath
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Alamy
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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32
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Makdissi S, Parsons BD, Di Cara F. Towards early detection of neurodegenerative diseases: A gut feeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1087091. [PMID: 36824371 PMCID: PMC9941184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1087091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract communicates with the nervous system through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, which consists of multiple connections, including the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, the immune system, endocrine signals, the microbiota, and its metabolites. Alteration of communications in the gut-brain axis is emerging as an overlooked cause of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that are incurable and debilitating conditions resulting in progressive degeneration and death of neurons, such as in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. NDs are a leading cause of global death and disability, and the incidences are expected to increase in the following decades if prevention strategies and successful treatment remain elusive. To date, the etiology of NDs is unclear due to the complexity of the mechanisms of diseases involving genetic and environmental factors, including diet and microbiota. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in diet, alteration of the microbiota, and deregulation of metabolism in the intestinal epithelium influence the inflammatory status of the neurons linked to disease insurgence and progression. This review will describe the leading players of the so-called diet-microbiota-gut-brain (DMGB) axis in the context of NDs. We will report recent findings from studies in model organisms such as rodents and fruit flies that support the role of diets, commensals, and intestinal epithelial functions as an overlooked primary regulator of brain health. We will finish discussing the pivotal role of metabolisms of cellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes in maintaining the DMGB axis and how alteration of the latter can be used as early disease makers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
| | - Brendon D. Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
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Abstract
The lower prevalence of Parkinson disease (PD) in females is not well understood but may be partially explained by sex differences in nigrostriatal circuitry and possible neuroprotective effects of estrogen. PD motor and nonmotor symptoms differ between sexes, and women experience disparities in care including undertreatment with DBS and less access to caregiving. Our knowledge about PD in gender diverse individuals is limited. Future studies should improve our understanding of the role of hormone replacement therapy in PD, address gender-based inequities in PD care and expand our understanding of PD in SGM and marginalized communities.
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Chiu SY, Wyman-Chick KA, Ferman TJ, Bayram E, Holden SK, Choudhury P, Armstrong MJ. Sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies: Focused review of available evidence and future directions. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 107:105285. [PMID: 36682958 PMCID: PMC10024862 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) relating to epidemiology, clinical features, neuropathology, biomarkers, disease progression, and caregiving. While many studies show a higher DLB prevalence in men, this finding is inconsistent and varies by study approach. Visual hallucinations may be more common and occur earlier in women with DLB, whereas REM sleep behavior disorder may be more common and occur earlier in men. Several studies report a higher frequency of parkinsonism in men with DLB, while the frequency of fluctuations appears similar between sexes. Women tend to be older, have greater cognitive impairment at their initial visit, and are delayed in meeting DLB criteria compared to men. Women are also more likely to have Lewy body disease with co-existing AD-related pathology than so-called "pure" Lewy body disease, while men may present with either. Research is mixed regarding the impact of sex on DLB progression. Biomarker and treatment research assessing for sex differences is lacking. Women provide the majority of caregiving in DLB but how this affects the caregiving experience is uncertain. Gaining a better understanding of sex differences will be instrumental in aiding future development of sex-specific strategies in DLB for early diagnosis, care, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Wyman-Chick
- Center for Memory and Aging, Department of Neurology, HealthPartners, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha K Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Parichita Choudhury
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Urine biomarkers discovery by metabolomics and machine learning for Parkinson's disease diagnoses. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Eccles FJR, Sowter N, Spokes T, Zarotti N, Simpson J. Stigma, self-compassion, and psychological distress among people with Parkinson's. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:425-433. [PMID: 35171069 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2037743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with Parkinson's disease (hereafter Parkinson's) can experience stigma through the attitudes and actions of others (enacted stigma) and through anticipation of enacted stigma and internalisation of negative stereotypes (felt stigma). Self-compassion may protect against the impact of stigma. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between self-compassion, stigma, and psychological distress among people with Parkinson's. METHODS A total of 130 people with Parkinson's completed questionnaires measuring self-compassion, enacted and felt stigma, and depression, anxiety, and stress. Correlation, mediation, and moderation models were used to investigate relationships between variables. RESULTS All variables correlated significantly in the expected directions. Felt stigma mediated the relationship between self-compassion and the three outcome variables - depression, anxiety, and stress. Self-compassion did not moderate the relationship between enacted stigma and distress and suggested enacted stigma was associated with distress, regardless of levels of self-compassion. CONCLUSIONS Self-compassion and both enacted and felt stigma are important predictors of distress for people with Parkinson's. Part of the relationship between lower self-compassion and psychological distress appears to occur via the internalisation of stigma. These findings may be relevant to the development of individualised and societal interventions with the aim of improving the psychological wellbeing of people with Parkinson's.Implications for rehabilitationSelf-compassion was associated with lower levels of psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and self-stigma partially mediated this relationship.Self-compassion did not moderate the relationship between enacted stigma and psychological distress, suggesting enacted stigma increases distress, regardless of self-compassion.The development and assessment of the effectiveness of compassion-focused interventions tailored for people with Parkinson's may be important as well as systemic stigma focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J R Eccles
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Natalie Sowter
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Terry Spokes
- Bali Beginnings Addiction Treatment Centre, Sanur, Indonesia
| | - Nicolò Zarotti
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Mahboob A, Senevirathne DKL, Paul P, Nabi F, Khan RH, Chaari A. An investigation into the potential action of polyphenols against human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide aggregation in type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:318-350. [PMID: 36400215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, results in significant disease burden and financial costs globally. Whilst the majority of T2D cases seem to have a genetic basis, non-genetic modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for T2D include obesity, diet, physical activity and lifestyle, smoking, age, ethnicity, and mental stress. In healthy individuals, insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is responsible for keeping blood glucose levels within normal ranges. T2D patients suffer from multifactorial onset of β-cell dysfunction and/or loss of β-cell mass owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Most predominantly however, and the focus of this review, it is the aggregation and misfolding of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin), which is detrimental to β-cell function and health. Whilst hIAPP is found in healthy individuals, its misfolded version is cytotoxic and able to induce β-cell dysfunction and/or death through various mechanisms including membrane changes in β-cell causing influx of calcium ions, arresting complete granule membrane recovery and ER stress. There are several existing therapeutics for T2D. However, there is a need for alternative or adjunct therapies for T2D with milder adverse effects and greater availability. Foremost among the potential natural therapeutics are polyphenols. Extensive data from studies evaluating the potential of polyphenols to inhibit hIAPP aggregation and disassemble aggregated hIAPP are promising. Moreover, in-vivo, and in-silico studies also highlight the potential effects of polyphenols against hIAPP aggregation and mitigation of larger pathological effects of T2D. Whilst there have been some promising clinical studies on the therapeutic potential of polyphenols, extensive further clinical studies and in-vitro studies evaluating the mechanisms of action and ideal doses for many of these compounds are required. The need for these studies is made more important by the postulated link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and T2D pathophysiology given the similar aggregation process of their respective amyloid proteins, which evokes thoughts of cross-reactive polyphenols which can be effective for both AD and T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Ernst M, Folkerts AK, Gollan R, Lieker E, Caro-Valenzuela J, Adams A, Cryns N, Monsef I, Dresen A, Roheger M, Eggers C, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 1:CD013856. [PMID: 36602886 PMCID: PMC9815433 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013856.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of different types of physical exercise in adults with PD on the severity of motor signs, quality of life (QoL), and the occurrence of adverse events, and to generate a clinically meaningful treatment ranking using network meta-analyses (NMAs). SEARCH METHODS An experienced information specialist performed a systematic search for relevant articles in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and five other databases to 17 May 2021. We also searched trial registries, conference proceedings, and reference lists of identified studies up to this date. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing one type of physical exercise for adults with PD to another type of exercise, a control group, or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data. A third author was involved in case of disagreements. We categorized the interventions and analyzed their effects on the severity of motor signs, QoL, freezing of gait, and functional mobility and balance up to six weeks after the intervention using NMAs. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias using the risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and rated the confidence in the evidence using the CINeMA approach for results on the severity of motor signs and QoL. We consulted a third review author to resolve any disagreements. Due to heterogeneous reporting of adverse events, we summarized safety data narratively and rated our confidence in the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 156 RCTs with a total of 7939 participants with mostly mild to moderate disease and no major cognitive impairment. The number of participants per study was small (mean 51, range from 10 to 474). The NMAs on the severity of motor signs and QoL included data from 71 (3196 participants), and 55 (3283 participants) trials, respectively. Eighty-five studies (5192 participants) provided safety data. Here, we present the main results. We observed evidence of beneficial effects for most types of physical exercise included in our review compared to a passive control group. The effects on the severity of motor signs and QoL are expressed as scores on the motor scale of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-M) and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39), respectively. For both scales, higher scores denote higher symptom burden. Therefore, negative estimates reflect improvement (minimum clinically important difference: -2.5 for UPDRS-M and -4.72 for PDQ-39). Severity of motor signs The evidence from the NMA (71 studies; 3196 participants) suggests that dance has a moderate beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (mean difference (MD) -10.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) -15.54 to -4.96; high confidence), and aqua-based, gait/balance/functional, and multi-domain training might have a moderate beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (aqua-based: MD -7.77, 95% CI -13.27 to -2.28; gait/balance/functional: MD -7.37, 95% CI -11.39 to -3.35; multi-domain: MD -6.97, 95% CI -10.32 to -3.62; low confidence). The evidence also suggests that mind-body training and endurance training might have a small beneficial effect on the severity of motor signs (mind-body: MD -6.57, 95% CI -10.18 to -2.81; endurance: MD -6.43, 95% CI -10.72 to -2.28; low confidence). Flexibility training might have a trivial or no effect on the severity of motor signs (MD 2.01, 95% CI -4.82 to 8.98; low confidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of strength/resistance training and "Lee Silverman Voice training BIG" (LSVT BIG) on the severity of motor signs (strength/resistance: MD -6.97, 95% CI -11.93 to -2.01; LSVT BIG: MD -5.49, 95% CI -14.74 to 3.62; very low confidence). Quality of life The evidence from the NMA (55 studies; 3283 participants) suggests that aqua-based training probably has a large beneficial effect on QoL (MD -14.98, 95% CI -23.26 to -6.52; moderate confidence). The evidence also suggests that endurance training might have a moderate beneficial effect, and that gait/balance/functional and multi-domain training might have a small beneficial effect on QoL (endurance: MD -9.16, 95% CI -15.68 to -2.82; gait/balance/functional: MD -5.64, 95% CI -10.04 to -1.23; multi-domain: MD -5.29, 95% CI -9.34 to -1.06; low confidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of mind-body training, gaming, strength/resistance training, dance, LSVT BIG, and flexibility training on QoL (mind-body: MD -8.81, 95% CI -14.62 to -3.00; gaming: MD -7.05, 95% CI -18.50 to 4.41; strength/resistance: MD -6.34, 95% CI -12.33 to -0.35; dance: MD -4.05, 95% CI -11.28 to 3.00; LSVT BIG: MD 2.29, 95% CI -16.03 to 20.44; flexibility: MD 1.23, 95% CI -11.45 to 13.92; very low confidence). Adverse events Only 85 studies (5192 participants) provided some kind of safety data, mostly only for the intervention groups. No adverse events (AEs) occurred in 40 studies and no serious AEs occurred in four studies. AEs occurred in 28 studies. The most frequently reported events were falls (18 studies) and pain (10 studies). The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of physical exercise on the risk of adverse events (very low confidence). Across outcomes, we observed little evidence of differences between exercise types. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of beneficial effects on the severity of motor signs and QoL for most types of physical exercise for people with PD included in this review, but little evidence of differences between these interventions. Thus, our review highlights the importance of physical exercise regarding our primary outcomes severity of motor signs and QoL, while the exact exercise type might be secondary. Notably, this conclusion is consistent with the possibility that specific motor symptoms may be treated most effectively by PD-specific programs. Although the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of exercise on the risk of adverse events, the interventions included in our review were described as relatively safe. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to increase confidence in the evidence. Additional studies recruiting people with advanced disease severity and cognitive impairment might help extend the generalizability of our findings to a broader range of people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ernst
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Romina Gollan
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Lieker
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Caro-Valenzuela
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Cryns
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antje Dresen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Resarch, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mandy Roheger
- Ambulatory Assessment in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop GmbH, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gomes T, Benedetti A, Lafontaine AL, Kimoff RJ, Robinson A, Kaminska M. Validation of STOP, STOP-BANG, STOP-BAG, STOP-B28, and GOAL screening tools for identification of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Parkinson disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:45-54. [PMID: 36004740 PMCID: PMC9806789 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in Parkinson disease (PD). Questionnaires can be used as screening tools and have been used as a surrogate definition of OSA in large-scale research. This study aimed to validate the performance of STOP, STOP-BANG, STOP-BAG, STOP-B28, and GOAL and OSA predictors as tools to identify OSA in PD. METHODS Data were analyzed from a PD cohort study in which OSA was diagnosed using laboratory polysomnography. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of each questionnaire for OSA using different definitions and performed receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Linear regression was used to assess adjusted associations between questionnaires and outcomes: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. RESULTS Questionnaire data were available for 68 PD patients (61.8% male, mean age 64.5 [standard deviation 9.9] years, and Hoehn and Yahr score 2.1 [0.8]). OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h) occurred in 69.4% of participants. STOP-B28 ≥ 2 presented a higher sensitivity for OSA than STOP ≥ 2 (0.76 vs 0.65, respectively) and slightly lower specificity (0.65 vs 0.70, respectively). GOAL ≥ 2 had the highest sensitivity but poor specificity. Loud snoring had sensitivity 0.63 and specificity 0.65. STOP and snoring were significantly associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (total, motor, and nonmotor); STOP-BANG, STOP-BAG, and STOP-B28 showed associations with most outcomes, but the GOAL showed none. CONCLUSIONS The STOP-B28 followed by STOP and presence of loud snoring alone seem to have the best overall properties to identify PD patients with OSA, whose clinical characteristics differ from the general population with OSA. CITATION Gomes T, Benedetti A, Lafontaine A-L, Kimoff RJ Robinson A, Kaminska M. Validation of STOP, STOP-BANG, STOP-BAG, STOP-B28, and GOAL screening tools for identification of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Parkinson disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(1):45-54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gomes
- Department of Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Richard John Kimoff
- Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ann Robinson
- Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marta Kaminska
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ng KS, Hudzaifah-Nordin M, Sarah ST, Wan-Hazabbah WH, Sanihah AH. Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Choroidal Thickness in Parkinson Disease Patients. Prague Med Rep 2023; 124:421-434. [PMID: 38069647 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2023.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. A comparative cross-sectional, hospital-based study. 39 PD and 39 controls were recruited, who were gender and age matched. Subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria underwent optical coherence tomography for evaluation of RNFL thickness and choroidal thickness (CT). There was significant reduction of RNFL thickness in average (adjusted mean 88.87 µm vs. 94.82 µm, P=0.001), superior (adjusted mean 110.08 µm vs. 119.10 µm, P=0.002) and temporal (adjusted mean 63.77 µm vs. 70.36 µm, P=0.004) in PD compared to controls. The central subfoveal CT was significantly thinner in PD compared to controls (adjusted mean 271.13 µm vs. 285.10 µm, P=0.003). In PD group, there was significant weak negative correlation between the duration of PD with average RNFL thickness (r=-0.354, P=0.027), moderate negative correlation between the duration of PD with central subfoveal CT (r=-0.493, P=0.001), and weak negative correlation between the stage of PD with central subfoveal CT (r=-0.380, P=0.017). PD group had significant thinner average, superior and temporal RNFL thickness and CT compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sheng Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hudzaifah-Nordin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sathyapriya Tamilarsan Sarah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Hitam Wan-Hazabbah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
| | - Abd Halim Sanihah
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Regensburger M, Rasul Chaudhry S, Yasin H, Zhao Y, Stadlbauer A, Buchfelder M, Kinfe T. Emerging roles of leptin in Parkinson's disease: Chronic inflammation, neuroprotection and more? Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:53-61. [PMID: 36150585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of experimental evidence implicates a relationship between immunometabolic deterioration and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) with a dysregulation of central and peripheral neuroinflammatory networks mediated by circulating adipokines, in particular leptin. We screened the current literature on the role of adipokines in PD. Hence, we searched known databases (PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID) and reviewed original and review articles using the following terms: "leptin/ObR", "Parkinson's disease", "immune-metabolism", "biomarkers" and "neuroinflammation". Focusing on leptin, we summarize and discuss the existing in vivo and in vitro evidence on how adipokines may be protective against neurodegeneration, but at the same time contribute to the progression of PD. These components of the adipose brain axis represent a hitherto underestimated pathway to study systemic influences on dopaminergic degeneration. In addition, we give a comprehensive update on the potential of adjunctive therapeutics in PD targeting leptin, leptin-receptors, and associated pathways. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action and the value of central and peripheral adipose-immune-metabolism molecular phenotyping in order to develop and validate the differential roles of different adipokines as potential therapeutic target for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shafqat Rasul Chaudhry
- Obaid Noor Institute of Medical Sciences (ONIMS), Mianwali, Pakistan; Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Yasin
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yining Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kinfe
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative condition diagnosed in North America. We recently demonstrated, using multiple epidemiological data sources, that the prevalence of PD diagnoses was greater than previously reported and currently used for clinical, research, and policy decision-making. Prior PD incidence estimates have varied, for unclear reasons. There is a need for improved estimates of PD incidence, not only for care delivery planning and future policy but also for increasing our understanding of disease risk. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the incidence of Parkinson disease across five epidemiological cohorts in North America in a common year, 2012. The cohorts contained data on 6.7 million person-years of adults ages 45 and older, and 9.3 million person-years of adults ages 65 and older. Our estimates of age-sex-adjusted incidence of PD ranged from 108 to 212 per 100,000 among persons ages 65 and older, and from 47 to 77 per 100,00 among persons ages 45 and older. PD incidence increased with age and was higher among males. We also found persistent spatial clustering of incident PD diagnoses in the U.S. PD incidence estimates varied across our data sources, in part due to case ascertainment and diagnosis methods, but also possibly due to the influence of population factors (prevalence of genetic risk factors or protective markers) and geographic location (exposure to environmental toxins). Understanding the source of these variations will be important for health care policy, research, and care planning.
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D’Ascenzo N, Antonecchia E, Angiolillo A, Bender V, Camerlenghi M, Xie Q, Di Costanzo A. Metabolomics of blood reveals age-dependent pathways in Parkinson’s Disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:102. [PMID: 35794650 PMCID: PMC9258166 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most frequent degenerative disorder, the risk of which increases with age. A preclinical PD diagnostic test does not exist. We identify PD blood metabolites and metabolic pathways significantly correlated with age to develop personalized age-dependent PD blood biomarkers. Results We found 33 metabolites producing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) value of 97%. PCA revealed that they belong to three pathways with distinct age-dependent behavior: glycine, threonine and serine metabolism correlates with age only in PD patients; unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis correlates with age only in a healthy control group; and, finally, tryptophan metabolism characterizes PD but does not correlate with age. Conclusions The targeted analysis of the blood metabolome proposed in this paper allowed to find specific age-related metabolites and metabolic pathways. The model offers a promising set of blood biomarkers for a personalized age-dependent approach to the early PD diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00831-5.
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McGovern AJ, Arevalo MA, Ciordia S, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Respirasome Proteins Are Regulated by Sex-Hormone Interactions in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314754. [PMID: 36499081 PMCID: PMC9741126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of sex differences in disease incidence is attributed, in part, to sex differences in metabolism. Uncovering the precise mechanism driving these differences is an extraordinarily complex process influenced by genetics, endogenous hormones, sex-specific lifetime events, individual differences and external environmental/social factors. In fact, such differences may be subtle, but across a life span, increase susceptibility to a pathology. Whilst research persists in the hope of discovering an elegant biological mechanism to underpin sex differences in disease, here, we show, for the first time, that such a mechanism may be subtle in nature but influenced by multiple sex-specific factors. A proteomic dataset was generated from a gonadectomized mouse model treated with Tibolone, a menopausal hormone therapy. Following functional enrichment analysis, we identified that Alzheimer's disease and the electron transport chain-associated pathways were regulated by sex-hormone interactions. Specifically, we identified that the expression of three respirasome proteins, NDUFA2, NDUFA7 and UQCR10, is significantly altered by compounding factors that contribute to sex differences. These proteins function in bioenergetics and produce reactive oxygen species, which are each dysregulated in many diseases with sex differences in incidence. We show sex-specific reprogrammed responses to Tibolone following gonadectomy, which primarily influence the expression of proteins contributing to metabolic pathways. This further infers that metabolic differences may underpin the observed sex differences in disease, but also that hormone therapy research now has potential in exploring sex-specific interventions to produce an effective method of prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. McGovern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(0)-61-202676
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Shi J, Tian J, Fan Y, Hao X, Li M, Li J, Ma D, Guo M, Li S, Xu Y, Shi C. Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson's disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2022; 13:963163. [PMID: 36437938 PMCID: PMC9684183 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.963163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD. Methods: We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on IQ, EA, cognitive performance, and PD. Four genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PD were used to comprehensively explore the causal relationship, including PD GWAS (regardless of sex), age at onset of PD GWAS, male with PD GWAS, and female with PD GWAS data. We conducted a two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods to evaluate the causal association between these factors. MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were used for sensitivity analysis to test and correct horizontal pleiotropy. Multivariate MR (MVMR) was also used to account for the covariation between IQ, EA, and cognition, as well as to explore potential mediating factors. Results: Genetically predicted higher IQ was associated with an increased risk of PD in the entire population, regardless of gender. In the analyses using the IVW method, the odds ratio was 1.37 (p = 0.0064). Men with a higher IQ, more years of education, or stronger cognitive ability are more likely to develop PD compared to women. MVMR showed that adjusting for education and cognition largely attenuated the association between IQ and PD, suggesting that education and cognition may mediate the effect of IQ on PD. Conclusion: This study provides genetic support for the causal link between higher IQ and an increased risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Zheng Zhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiadi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongrui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengnan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Grenn FP, Makarious MB, Bandres-Ciga S, Iwaki H, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C. Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac277. [PMID: 36387750 PMCID: PMC9665271 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is about 1.5 times more prevalent in males than females. Extensive work has been done to identify the genetic risk factors behind Parkinson's disease on autosomes and more recently on Chromosome X, but work remains to be done on the male-specific Y chromosome. In an effort to explore the role of the Y chromosome in Parkinson's disease, we analysed whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (1466 cases and 1664 controls), genotype data from NeuroX (3491 cases and 3232 controls) and genotype data from UKBiobank (182 517 controls, 1892 cases and 3783 proxy cases), all consisting of male European ancestry samples. We classified sample Y chromosomes by haplogroup using three different tools for comparison (Snappy, Yhaplo and Y-LineageTracker) and meta-analysed this data to identify haplogroups associated with Parkinson's disease. This was followed up with a Y-chromosome association study to identify specific variants associated with disease. We also analysed blood-based RNASeq data obtained from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (1020 samples) and RNASeq data obtained from the North American Brain Expression Consortium (171 samples) to identify Y-chromosome genes differentially expressed in cases, controls, specific haplogroups and specific tissues. RNASeq analyses suggest Y-chromosome gene expression differs between brain and blood tissues but does not differ significantly in cases, controls or specific haplogroups. Overall, we did not find any strong associations between Y-chromosome genetics and Parkinson's disease, suggesting the explanation for the increased prevalence in males may lie elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Grenn
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rocca WA, Smith CY, Gazzuola Rocca L, Savica R, Mielke MM. Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Parkinsonism and Parkinson Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2238663. [PMID: 36287560 PMCID: PMC9606839 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association of premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy with parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To assess whether women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy were at increased risk of parkinsonism and PD and whether the associations varied by age at oophorectomy and by receipt of estrogen replacement therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from a combination of 2 independent cohort studies, the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging 1 and 2, which were based on the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records-linkage system. A population-based sample of 5499 women from Olmsted County, Minnesota, were included; of those, 2750 women underwent bilateral oophorectomy for a benign indication before spontaneous menopause between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 2007 (oophorectomy cohort), and 2749 age-matched women who did not undergo bilateral oophorectomy were randomly sampled from the general population (reference cohort). Data were analyzed from March 1 to April 30, 2022. The date of oophorectomy was considered the index date for both groups. EXPOSURES Medical record documentation of bilateral oophorectomy abstracted from a medical records-linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence and risk of parkinsonism or PD, with diagnoses confirmed by in-person examination or medical record review. RESULTS Among 5499 participants (median [IQR] age, 45.0 [40.0-48.0] years; 5312 [96.6%] White), 2750 women (2679 White [97.4%]) underwent bilateral oophorectomy at a median age of 45.0 years (IQR, 40.0-48.0 years), and 2749 women (2633 White [95.8%]) with a median age of 45.0 years (IQR, 40.0-48.0 years) at the index date were included in the reference cohort. Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism overall (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02-2.46) and in women younger than 43 years at oophorectomy (HR, 7.67; 95% CI, 1.77-33.27). There was a pattern of increasing risk with younger age at the time of oophorectomy using 4 age strata (≥50 years: HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.50-4.15]; 46-49 years: HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 0.79-3.07]; 40-45 years: HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.64-2.89]; <40 years: HR, 8.82 [95% CI, 1.08-72.00]; P = .02 for trend). The number needed to harm was 53 women overall and 27 women younger than 43 years at the time of oophorectomy. Bilateral oophorectomy was also associated with an increased risk of PD in women younger than 43 years at oophorectomy (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.10-22.70), with a number needed to harm of 48 women. Among women who underwent oophorectomy at 45 years and younger, the risk was lower in women who received estrogen after the procedure and through age 50 years compared with women who did not. For parkinsonism, the HRs were 1.72 (95% CI, 0.54-5.53) vs 2.05 (95% CI, 0.80-5.23); for PD, the HRs were 1.53 (95% CI, 0.29-8.23) vs 2.75 (95% CI, 0.84-9.04). However, the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, premenopausal women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before age 43 years had an increased risk of parkinsonism and PD compared with women who did not undergo bilateral oophorectomy. These findings suggest that a reduction in the practice of prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women at average risk of ovarian cancer may have substantial benefit for reducing the risk of parkinsonism and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Rocca
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carin Y. Smith
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liliana Gazzuola Rocca
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Bonaccorso Marinelli MP, Baiardi G, Valdez SR, Cabrera RJ. Automated quantification of dopaminergic immunostained neurons in substantia nigra using freely available software. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:2995-3007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Mehanna R, Smilowska K, Fleisher J, Post B, Hatano T, Pimentel Piemonte ME, Kumar KR, McConvey V, Zhang B, Tan E, Savica R. Age Cutoff for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:869-878. [PMID: 36247919 PMCID: PMC9547138 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)/young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) is defined as Parkinson's disease (PD) with an age at onset (AAO) after age 21 years but before the usual AAO for PD. Consensus is lacking, and the reported maximal age for EOPD/YOPD has varied from 40 to 60 years, leading to a lack of uniformity in published studies and difficulty in harmonization of data. EOPD and YOPD have both been used in the literature, somewhat interchangeably. Objective To define the nomenclature and AAO cutoff for EOPD/YOPD. Methods An extensive review of the literature and task force meetings were conducted. Conclusions were reached by consensus. Results First, the literature has seen a shift from the use of YOPD toward EOPD. This seems motivated by an attempt to avoid age-related stigmatization of patients. Second, in defining EOPD, 56% of the countries use 50 or 51 years as the cutoff age. Third, the majority of international genetic studies in PD use an age cutoff of younger than 50 years to define EOPD. Fourth, many studies suggest that changes in the estrogen level can affect the predisposition to develop PD, making the average age at menopause of 50 years an important factor to consider when defining EOPD. Fifth, considering the differential impact of the AAO of PD on professional and social life, using 50 years as the upper cutoff for the definition of EOPD seems reasonable. Conclusions This task force recommends the use of EOPD rather than YOPD. It defines EOPD as PD with AAO after 21 years but before 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mehanna
- UTMove, Departement of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katarzyna Smilowska
- Department of NeurologySilesian Center of NeurologyKatowicePoland
- Department of Neurology5th Regional HospitalSosnowiecPoland
| | - Jori Fleisher
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bart Post
- Department of NeurologyRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte
- Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational TherapyDepartment, Medical School, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Kishore Raj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Eng‐King Tan
- Department of NeurologyNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
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