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Kühn T, Kalotai N, Amini AM, Haardt J, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Buyken AE, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Watzl B, Zittermann A, Nimptsch K. Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4. [PMID: 38643440 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been proposed that a higher habitual protein intake may increase cancer risk, possibly via upregulated insulin-like growth factor signalling. Since a systematic evaluation of human studies on protein intake and cancer risk based on a standardised assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) is lacking, we carried out an umbrella review of SRs on protein intake in relation to risks of different types of cancer. METHODS Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and cancer risk published before January 22th 2024, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was rated according to predefined criteria. RESULTS Ten SRs were identified, of which eight included meta-analyses. Higher total protein intake was not associated with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer incidence. The methodological quality of the included SRs ranged from critically low (kidney cancer), low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) and moderate (breast and prostate cancer) to high (colorectal cancer). The outcome-specific certainty of the evidence underlying the reported findings on protein intake and cancer risk ranged from very low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) to low (colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer). Animal and plant protein intakes were not associated with cancer risks either at a low (breast and prostate cancer) or very low (pancreatic and prostate cancer) outcome-specific certainty of the evidence. Overall, the evidence for the lack of an association between protein intake and (i) colorectal cancer risk and (ii) breast cancer risk was rated as possible. By contrast, the evidence underlying the other reported results was rated as insufficient. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that higher total protein intake may not be associated with the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, while conclusions on protein intake in relation to risks of other types of cancer are restricted due to insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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De Falco V, Vitale P, Brancati C, Cicero G, Auriemma A, Addeo R. Prognostic value of diabetes and metformin use in a real-life population of head and neck cancer patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252407. [PMID: 37746082 PMCID: PMC10514209 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is a disease with a poor prognosis despite currently available treatments. The management of patients with this tumor is often complicated by several comorbidities. Among these, diabetes is the second most frequent and its influence on the prognosis is not known. Methods In this work, we collected data on progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of one hundred twenty-three patients with HNC who received biweekly cetuximab maintenance treatment after first-line chemotherapy. We then compared the survival of nondiabetic patients versus diabetics' one. Results Surprisingly, both PFS (4 vs. 5 months, HR 2.297, p < 0.0001) and OS (7 vs. 10 months, HR 3.138, p < 0.0001) were in favor of diabetic patients, even after excluding other clinical confounding factors. In addition, we also studied survivals in patients taking metformin, a widely used oral antidiabetic drug that has demonstrated antitumor efficacy in some cancers. Indeed, diabetic patients taking metformin had better PFS and OS than those not taking it, 7 vs. 5 months (HR 0.56, p = 0.0187) and 11 vs. 8.5 months (HR 0.53, p = 0.017), respectively. Discussion In conclusion, real-world outcomes of biweekly cetuximab maintenance remain comparable to clinical trials. The prognostic role of diabetes and metformin was confirmed to be significant in our series, but further prospective studies are needed for a definitive evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Falco
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Frattamaggiore, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Frattamaggiore, Italy
| | - Christian Brancati
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Frattamaggiore, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Addeo
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Frattamaggiore, Italy
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3
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Nuñez P, Arguelles J, Perillan C. Effects of short-term exposure to low doses of bisphenol A on cellular senescence in the adult rat kidney. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:453-460. [PMID: 36622388 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the primary chemicals produced by volume worldwide. Extensive literature has raised many concerns about its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, but its contribution has not been extensively studied. During cellular senescence, the interference of lipofuscin with cellular functions promotes further senescence, causing cellular malfunction. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important protective role in the setting of kidney injury. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of short-term treatment with low doses of BPA on cellular senescence in adult rat kidneys. Male Wistar rats were injected with vehicle (CONTROL group) or 50 or 500 μg/kg/day of BPA for 1 week (BPA50 and BPA500 groups, respectively). The kidneys were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and an immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated. Lipofuscin autofluorescence was used for the study of cellular senescence. The renal cortex showed diffuse autofluorescent lipofuscin signal in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of males in the BPA50-treated (weak intensity) and BPA500-treated (strong intensity) groups, but not in CONTROL males. Labeling of cortical PCTs with anti-IGF-1 antibodies showed an IRS of 0 in the CONTROL group, but IRSs of 4 and 6 in the BPA50- and BPA500-treated groups, respectively. The present results suggest that low, "safe" doses of BPA induce renal injury, as measured by histological signs of renal changes, increased cellular senescence, and activation of cellular repair systems in PCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nuñez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria s/n, CP:33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Juan Arguelles
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria s/n, CP:33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carmen Perillan
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria s/n, CP:33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes and miRNAs in Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland of Sheep under Different Photoperiods. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061091. [PMID: 35741853 PMCID: PMC9222358 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproduction of sheep is affected by many factors such as light, nutrition and genetics. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important pathway for sheep reproduction, and changes in HPG axis-related gene expression can affect sheep reproduction. In this study, a model of bilateral ovarian removal and estrogen supplementation (OVX + E2) was applied to screen differentially expressed genes and miRNAs under different photoperiods using whole transcriptome sequencing and reveal the regulatory effects of the photoperiod on the upstream tissues of the HPG axis in sheep. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed in ewe hypothalamus (HYP) and distal pituitary (PD) tissues under short photoperiod 21st day (SP21) and long photoperiod 21st day (LP21). Compared to the short photoperiod, a total of 1813 differential genes (up-regulation 966 and down-regulation 847) and 145 differential miRNAs (up-regulation 73 and down-regulation 72) were identified in the hypothalamus of long photoperiod group. Similarly, 2492 differential genes (up-regulation 1829 and down-regulation 663) and 59 differential miRNAs (up-regulation 49 and down-regulation 10) were identified in the pituitary of long photoperiod group. Subsequently, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differential genes and target genes of differential miRNA were enriched in GnRH, Wnt, ErbB and circadian rhythm pathways associated with reproduction. Combined with sequence complementation and gene expression correlation analysis, several miRNA-mRNA target combinations (e.g., LHB regulated by novel-414) were obtained. Taken together, these results will help to understand the regulatory effect of the photoperiod on the upstream tissues of HPG in sheep.
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Stuard WL, Titone R, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 functions as a molecular switch that mediates mitochondrial and metabolic homeostasis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22062. [PMID: 34918377 PMCID: PMC9060658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100710rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction or loss of homeostasis is a central hallmark of many human diseases. Mitochondrial homeostasis is mediated by multiple quality control mechanisms including mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy that recycles terminally ill or dysfunctional mitochondria in order to preserve mitochondrial integrity. Our prior studies have shown that members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family localize to the mitochondria and may play important roles in mediating mitochondrial health in the corneal epithelium, an integral tissue that is required for the maintenance of optical transparency and vision. Importantly, the IGF-binding protein-3, IGFBP-3, is secreted by corneal epithelial cells in response to stress and functions to mediate intracellular receptor trafficking in this cell type. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for IGFBP-3 in mitochondrial homeostasis through regulation of the short isoform (s)BNIP3L/NIX mitophagy receptor in corneal epithelial cells and extend this finding to non-ocular epithelial cells. We further show that IGFBP-3-mediated control of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with alterations in lamellar cristae morphology and mitochondrial dynamics. Interestingly, both loss and gain of function of IGFBP-3 drive an increase in mitochondrial respiration. This increase in respiration is associated with nuclear accumulation of IGFBP-3. Taken together, these findings support a novel role for IGFBP-3 as a key mediator of mitochondrial health in mucosal epithelia through the regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rossella Titone
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Synthesis of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers hybridized with DDAB cationic lipid as the efficient nanocarriers for in vitro delivery of lycopene into MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jahangiri L, Pucci P, Ishola T, Pereira J, Cavanagh ML, Turner SD. Deep analysis of neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitries using online databases and integrated bioinformatics shows their pan-cancer roles as prognostic predictors. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 35201514 PMCID: PMC8777518 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous childhood cancer derived from the neural crest. The dual cell identities of neuroblastoma include Mesenchymal (MES) and Adrenergic (ADRN). These identities are conferred by a small set of tightly-regulated transcription factors (TFs) binding super enhancers, collectively forming core regulatory circuitries (CRCs). The purpose of this study was to gain a deep understanding of the role of MES and ADRN TFs in neuroblastoma and other cancers as potential indicators of disease prognosis, progression, and relapse. METHODS To that end, we first investigated the expression and mutational profile of MES and ADRN TFs in neuroblastoma. Moreover, we established their correlation with neuroblastoma risk groups and overall survival while establishing their extended networks with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Furthermore, we analysed the pan-cancer expression and mutational profile of these TFs and their correlation with patient survival and finally their network connectivity, using a panel of bioinformatic tools including GEPIA2, human pathology atlas, TIMER2, Omicsnet, and Cytoscape. RESULTS We show the association of multiple MES and ADRN TFs with neuroblastoma risk groups and overall survival and find significantly higher expression of various MES and ADRN TFs compared to normal tissues and their association with overall survival and disease-free survival in multiple cancers. Moreover, we report the strong correlation of the expression of these TFs with the infiltration of stromal and immune cells in the tumour microenvironment and with stemness and metastasis-related genes. Furthermore, we reveal extended pan-cancer networks comprising these TFs that influence the tumour microenvironment and metastasis and may be useful indicators of cancer prognosis and patient survival. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows the significance of MES and ADRN TFs as indicators of patient prognosis and the putative utility of these TFs as potential novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Perla Pucci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tala Ishola
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Megan L. Cavanagh
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Liang C, Han M, Zhou Z, Liu Y, He X, Jiang Y, Ouyang Y, Hong Q, Chu M. Hypothalamic Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Crucial MicroRNAs and mRNAs Affecting Litter Size in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:747100. [PMID: 34790713 PMCID: PMC8591166 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.747100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus was the coordination center of the endocrine system, which played an important role in goat reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism of hypothalamus regulating litter size in goats was still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the key functional genes associated with prolificacy by hypothalamus transcriptome analysis of goats. In this research, an integrated analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs)-mRNA was conducted using the hypothalamic tissue of Yunshang black goats in the follicular stage. A total of 72,220 transcripts were detected in RNA-seq. Besides, 1,836 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between high fecundity goats at the follicular phase (FP-HY) and low fecundity goats at the follicular phase (FP-LY). DEGs were significantly enriched in 71 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 8 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The transcriptome data suggested that DEGs such as BMPR1B, FGFR1, IGF1 and CREB1 are directly or indirectly involved in many processes like hypothalamic gonadal hormone secretion. The miRNA-seq identified 1,837 miRNAs, of which 28 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). These DEMs may affect the nerve cells survival of goat hypothalamic regulating the function of target genes and further affect the hormone secretion activities related to reproduction. They were enriched in prolactin signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway, as well as various metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of DEMs and DEGs showed that 87 DEGs were potential target genes of 28 DEMs. After constructing a miRNA-mRNA pathway network, we identified several mRNA-miRNAs pairs by functional enrichment analysis, which was involved in hypothalamic nerve apoptosis. For example, NTRK3 was co-regulated by Novel-1187 and Novel-566, as well as another target PPP1R13L regulated by Novel-566. These results indicated that these key genes and miRNAs may play an important role in the development of goat hypothalamus and represent candidate targets for further research. This study provides a basis for further explanation of the basic molecular mechanism of hypothalamus, but also provides a new idea for a comprehensive understanding of prolificacy characteristics in Yunshang black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Miaoceng Han
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zuyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yina Ouyang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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Guevara-Aguirre J, Bautista C, Torres C, Peña G, Guevara C, Palacios C, Guevara A, Gavilanes AWD. Insights from the clinical phenotype of subjects with Laron syndrome in Ecuador. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:59-70. [PMID: 33047268 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ecuadorian cohort of subjects with LS has taught us valuable lessons since the late 80's. We have learned about migration of Sephardic Jews to our country, their isolation in remote hamlets and further inbreeding. These geographical, historical and social determinants induced dissemination of a growth hormone (GH) receptor mutation which widely occurred in those almost inaccessible villages. Consequently, the world's largest Laron syndrome (LS) cohort emerged in Loja and El Oro, two of the southern provinces of Ecuador. We have been fortunate to study these patients since 1987. New clinical features derived from GH insensitivity, their growth patterns as well as treatment with exogenous insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) have been reported. Novel biochemical characteristics in the field of GH insensitivity, IGFs, IGF binding proteins (BP) and their clinical correlates have also been described. In the last few years, studies on the morbidity and mortality of Ecuadorian LS adults surprisingly demonstrated that despite obesity, they had lower incidence of diabetes and cancer than their relatives. These events were linked to their metabolic phenotype of elevated but ineffective GH concentrations and low circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3. It was also noted that absent GH counter-regulation induces a decrease in insulin resistance (IR), which results in low but highly efficient insulin levels which properly handle metabolic substrates. We propose that the combination of low IGF-I signaling, decreased IR, and efficient serum insulin concentrations are reasonable explanations for the diminished incidence of diabetes and cancer in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
- Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador.
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Camila Bautista
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Peña
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Guevara
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Rieunier G, Wu X, Harris LE, Mills JV, Nandakumar A, Colling L, Seraia E, Hatch SB, Ebner DV, Folkes LK, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T, Ryan AJ, Macaulay VM. Targeting IGF Perturbs Global Replication through Ribonucleotide Reductase Dysfunction. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2128-2141. [PMID: 33509941 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of IGF receptor (IGF1R) delays repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), prompting us to investigate whether IGF1R influences endogenous DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that IGF1R inhibition generates endogenous DNA lesions protected by 53BP1 bodies, indicating under-replicated DNA. In cancer cells, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R delayed replication fork progression accompanied by activation of ATR-CHK1 signaling and the intra-S-phase checkpoint. This phenotype reflected unanticipated regulation of global replication by IGF1 mediated via AKT, MEK/ERK, and JUN to influence expression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit RRM2. Consequently, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R downregulated RRM2, compromising RNR function and perturbing dNTP supply. The resulting delay in fork progression and hallmarks of replication stress were rescued by RRM2 overexpression, confirming RRM2 as the critical factor through which IGF1 regulates replication. Suspecting existence of a backup pathway protecting from toxic sequelae of replication stress, targeted compound screens in breast cancer cells identified synergy between IGF inhibition and ATM loss. Reciprocal screens of ATM-proficient/deficient fibroblasts identified an IGF1R inhibitor as the top hit. IGF inhibition selectively compromised growth of ATM-null cells and spheroids and caused regression of ATM-null xenografts. This synthetic-lethal effect reflected conversion of single-stranded lesions in IGF-inhibited cells into toxic DSBs upon ATM inhibition. Overall, these data implicate IGF1R in alleviating replication stress, and the reciprocal IGF:ATM codependence we identify provides an approach to exploit this effect in ATM-deficient cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies regulation of ribonucleotide reductase function and dNTP supply by IGFs and demonstrates that IGF axis blockade induces replication stress and reciprocal codependence on ATM. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2128/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Letitia E Harris
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack V Mills
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Nandakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Colling
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Seraia
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie B Hatch
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Folkes
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Castro L, Liu J, Yu L, Burwell AD, Saddler TO, Santiago LA, Xue W, Foley JF, Staup M, Flagler ND, Shi M, Birnbaum LS, Darlene D. Differential Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Phosphorylation in the Uterus of Rats Following Developmental Exposure to Tetrabromobisphenol A. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2021; 5. [PMID: 35071781 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211047164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant that induces endometrial adenocarcinoma and other uterine tumors in Wistar Han rats; however, early molecular events or biomarkers of TBBPA exposure remain unknown. We investigated the effects of TBBPA on growth factor receptor activation (phospho-RTK) in uteri of rats following early-life exposures. Pregnant Wistar Han rats were exposed to TBBPA (0, 0.1, 25, 250 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage on gestation day 6 through weaning of pups (PND 21). Pups were exposed in utero, through lactation, and by daily gavage from PND 22 to PND 90. Uterine horns were collected (at PND 21, PND 33, PND 90) and formalin-fixed or frozen for histologic, immunohistochemical, phospho-RTK arrays, or western blot analysis. At PND 21, the phosphor-RTKs, FGFR2, FGFR3, TRKC and EPHA1 were significantly increased at different treatment concentrations. Several phospho-RTKs were also significantly overexpressed at PND 33 which included epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3-4 (FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), INSR, AXL, MERTK, PDGFRa and b, RET, Tyrosine Kinase with Immunoglobulin Like and EGF Like Domains 1 and 2 (TIE1; TIE2), TRKA, VEGFR2 and 3, and EPHA1 at different dose treatments. EGFR, an RTK overexpressed in endometrial cancer in women, remained significantly increased for all treatment groups at PND 90. Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2) and IGF1R were overexpressed at PND 33 and remained increased through PND 90, although ERBB2 was statistically significant at PND 90. The phospho-RTKs, FGFR3, AXL, DTK, HGFR, TRKC, VEGFR1 and EPHB2 and 4 were also statistically significant at PND 90 at different dose treatments. The downstream effector, phospho-MAPK44/42 was also increased in uteri of treated rats. Our findings show RTKs are dysregulated following early life TBBPA exposures and their sustained activation may contribute to TBBPA-induced uterine tumors observed in rats later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysandra Castro
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jingli Liu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Linda Yu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alanna D Burwell
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Trey O Saddler
- Office of Data Science, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lindsay A Santiago
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William Xue
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie F Foley
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael Staup
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Norris D Flagler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of the Intramural Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dixon Darlene
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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13
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Yu X, Chen C, Song X, Guo Y, Tong Y, Zhao Y, Song Z. Glycosylated Hemoglobin as an Age-Specific Predictor and Risk Marker of Colorectal Adenomas in Non-Diabetic Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774519. [PMID: 34803930 PMCID: PMC8595137 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasms. The association between the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs) in non-diabetic adults needs to be investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on non-diabetic adults with normal HbA1c level who underwent colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2016 during health check-ups in our hospital in China. The association between HbA1c level and CRAs was assessed by multiple logistic regression models stratified by age group (<40, ≥40 and <50, and ≥50 years old). The age group-specified thresholds for HbA1c on elevated risk of CRAs were estimated using the piecewise logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 2,764 subjects, 445 (16.1%) had CRA. The prevalence of CRA varied across the three age groups. A higher HbA1c level was found to be significantly associated with increased CRA risk in the 40-50 years group (odds ratio [OR]=1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.78, p=0.035) after adjusting for other related factors, while this association was borderline significant among the 50 years and older group (OR=1.57, 95% CI 0.97-2.54, p=0.067). Based on the piecewise logistic regression analysis results, the thresholds for HbA1c on elevated risk of CRA were 5.44% for the 40-50 years group and 4.81% for the 50 years and older group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of HbA1c, even within the normal range, were associated with elevated CRA risk among non-diabetic adults. The threshold effects of HbA1c on the risk of CRA varied across different age groups, and early screening colonoscopy might be needed for individuals in their 40s and with HbA1c levels ≥5.44%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Yu
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Big Data, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Song
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenya Song,
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14
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Cheng CL, Yang SC, Lai CY, Wang CK, Chang CF, Lin CY, Chen WJ, Lin PY, Wu HC, Ma N, Lu FL, Lu J. CXCL14 Maintains hESC Self-Renewal through Binding to IGF-1R and Activation of the IGF-1R Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071706. [PMID: 32708730 PMCID: PMC7407311 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have important roles in regenerative medicine, but only a few studies have investigated the cytokines secreted by hESCs. We screened and identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), which plays crucial roles in hESC renewal. CXCL14, a C-X-C motif chemokine, is also named as breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK), B cell and monocyte-activated chemokine (BMAC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ (MIP-2γ). Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupted the hESC self-renewal, changed cell cycle distribution, and further increased the expression levels of mesoderm and endoderm differentiated markers. Interestingly, we demonstrated that CXCL14 is the ligand for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and it can activate IGF-1R signal transduction to support hESC renewal. Currently published literature indicates that all receptors in the CXCL family are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This report is the first to demonstrate that a CXCL protein can bind to and activate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and also the first to show that IGF-1R has another ligand in addition to IGFs. These findings broaden our understanding of stem cell biology and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shang-Chih Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan;
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
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15
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Ben Elhadj M, Goucha A, Fourati A, Adouni O, Dhambri S, Hsairi M, El May MV, Mokni Baizig N. The Prognostic Significance of IGF-1R and the Predictive Risk Value of Circulating IGF-1 in Tunisian Patients with Laryngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:289-299. [PMID: 32308049 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1758711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the clinical impact of IGF-1/IGF-1R in Tunisian laryngeal carcinoma. A high IGF-1R immunohistochemical expression was found in our series (81.43%). A tendency toward an association between IGF-1R expression and lymph node metastasis was found (p = 0.068). Patients with positive IGF-1R expression showed a short disease free survival (p = 0.053) and a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, circulating IGF-1 levels sera, detected by ELISA, were higher among patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). IGF-1R might have a prognostic significance and could be a factor of tumor recurrence. However, high levels of IGF-1 increase the risk of developing of LSCC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Elhadj
- Departement of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research unit 17/ES/13 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Goucha
- Departement of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Fourati
- Departement of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research unit 17/ES/13 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Adouni
- Departement of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sawsen Dhambri
- Departement of ORL, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hsairi
- Departement of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Nehla Mokni Baizig
- Departement of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research unit 17/ES/13 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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16
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Chen YM, Qi S, Perrino S, Hashimoto M, Brodt P. Targeting the IGF-Axis for Cancer Therapy: Development and Validation of an IGF-Trap as a Potential Drug. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051098. [PMID: 32365498 PMCID: PMC7290707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis was implicated in cancer progression and identified as a clinically important therapeutic target. Several IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) targeting drugs including humanized monoclonal antibodies have advanced to phase II/III clinical trials, but to date, have not progressed to clinical use, due, at least in part, to interference with insulin receptor signaling and compensatory signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A that can bind IGF-II and initiate mitogenic signaling. Here we briefly review the current state of IGF-targeting biologicals, discuss some factors that may be responsible for their poor performance in the clinic and outline the stepwise bioengineering and validation of an IGF-Trap—a novel anti-cancer therapeutic that could bypass these limitations. The IGF-Trap is a heterotetramer, consisting of the entire extracellular domain of the IGF-IR fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. It binds human IGF-I and IGF-II with a three-log higher affinity than insulin and could inhibit IGF-IR driven cellular functions such as survival, proliferation and invasion in multiple carcinoma cell models in vitro. In vivo, the IGF-Trap has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and could markedly reduce metastatic outgrowth of colon and lung carcinoma cells in the liver, outperforming IGF-IR and ligand-binding monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, IGF-Trap dose-response profiles correlate with their bio-availability profiles, as measured by the IGF kinase receptor-activation (KIRA) assay, providing a novel, surrogate biomarker for drug efficacy. Our studies identify the IGF-Trap as a potent, safe, anti-cancer therapeutic that could overcome some of the obstacles encountered by IGF-targeting biologicals that have already been evaluated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhsuan Michely Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shu Qi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934
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17
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Murphy N, Carreras-Torres R, Song M, Chan AT, Martin RM, Papadimitriou N, Dimou N, Tsilidis KK, Banbury B, Bradbury KE, Besevic J, Rinaldi S, Riboli E, Cross AJ, Travis RC, Agnoli C, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Onland-Moret NC, Burnett-Hartman A, Campbell PT, Casey G, Castellví-Bel S, Chang-Claude J, Chirlaque MD, de la Chapelle A, English D, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger SJ, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gsur A, Hampe J, Hampel H, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Hsu L, Huang WY, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Keku TO, Kühn T, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Martín V, Milne RL, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Ogino S, Ose J, Perduca V, Phipps AI, Platz EA, Potter JD, Qu C, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Tangen CM, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Wang H, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Zheng W, Peters U, Gunter MJ. Circulating Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Associate With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based on Serologic and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1300-1312.e20. [PMID: 31884074 PMCID: PMC7152801 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human studies examining associations between circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and colorectal cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We conducted complementary serologic and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to determine whether alterations in circulating levels of IGF1 or IGFBP3 are associated with colorectal cancer development. METHODS Serum levels of IGF1 were measured in blood samples collected from 397,380 participants from the UK Biobank, from 2006 through 2010. Incident cancer cases and cancer cases recorded first in death certificates were identified through linkage to national cancer and death registries. Complete follow-up was available through March 31, 2016. For the MR analyses, we identified genetic variants associated with circulating levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3. The association of these genetic variants with colorectal cancer was examined with 2-sample MR methods using genome-wide association study consortia data (52,865 cases with colorectal cancer and 46,287 individuals without [controls]) RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 7.1 years, 2665 cases of colorectal cancer were recorded. In a multivariable-adjusted model, circulating level of IGF1 associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increment of IGF1, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.17). Similar associations were found by sex, follow-up time, and tumor subsite. In the MR analyses, a 1 standard deviation increment in IGF1 level, predicted based on genetic factors, was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.12; P = 3.3 × 10-4). Level of IGFBP3, predicted based on genetic factors, was associated with colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increment, 1.12; 95% CI 1.06-1.18; P = 4.2 × 10-5). Colorectal cancer risk was associated with only 1 variant in the IGFBP3 gene region (rs11977526), which also associated with anthropometric traits and circulating level of IGF2. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of blood samples from almost 400,000 participants in the UK Biobank, we found an association between circulating level of IGF1 and colorectal cancer. Using genetic data from 52,865 cases with colorectal cancer and 46,287 controls, a higher level of IGF1, determined by genetic factors, was associated with colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to determine how this signaling pathway might contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Niki Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jelena Besevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dallas English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles California
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | | | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vittorio Perduca
- CESP (Inserm U1018), Fac. de médecine - Université Paris-Saclay, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées MAP5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hansong Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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18
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Li R, Li Q, Ji Q. Molecular targeted study in tumors: From western medicine to active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an increasingly common disease worldwide. Having a better understanding of worldwide and regional epidemiologic features and risk factors of PC is essential to identify new approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment. In this article, we review the epidemiologic features and risk factors for PC and discuss opportunities and challenges of PC future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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20
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Zhou B, Wu D, Liu H, Du LT, Wang YS, Xu JW, Qiu FB, Hu SY, Zhan HX. Obesity and pancreatic cancer: An update of epidemiological evidence and molecular mechanisms. Pancreatology 2019; 19:941-950. [PMID: 31447281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy and achievements in translational research, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains an invariably fatal malignancy. Risk factors that affect the incidence of PC include diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and diet. The growing worldwide obesity epidemic is associated with an increased risk of the most common cancers, including PC. Chronic inflammation, hormonal effects, circulating adipokines, and adipocyte-mediated inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment are involved in the association of obesity with PC. Herein, we systematically review the epidemiology of PC and the biological mechanisms that may account for this association. Included in this review is a discussion of adipokine-mediated inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the interactions of adipocytes with cancer cells. We consider the influence of bariatric surgery on the risk of PC risk as well as potential molecular targets of therapy. Our review leads us to conclude that targeting adipose tissue to achieve weight loss may represent a new therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Lu-Tao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Fa-Bo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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21
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Xu J, Bie F, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan T, Du J. Prognostic value of IGF-1R in lung cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15467. [PMID: 31083179 PMCID: PMC6531258 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is a key player in a wide array of pathological processes, while the prognostic role of IGF-1R in lung cancer remains controversial. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of IGF-1R in lung cancer. We searched for recent studies on the expression of IGF-1R and extracted prognostic lung cancer data from the articles. RESULTS Eventually, 22 studies with 3859 patients were analyzed in our meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the ability of IGF-1R to predict survival. The results indicated that IGF-1R positive expression was associated with an unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on univariate analysis (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.55, P = .054) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21, P = .045), but there was no significant difference in the relationship between IGF-1R positive expression and overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.25, P = .712) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.57-1.39, P = .602). IGF-1R mRNA expression related to OS was obtained in 2 studies, with the pooled HR being 1.663 (95% CI: 1.071-2.583, P = .024). For IGF-1R expression and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the conclusion was not statistically significant, with the pooled HR being 1.22 (95% CI: 0.66-2.27, P = .524). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high expression of IGF-1R predicts poor DFS in NSCLC, yet it does not predict poor OS in NSCLC and SCLC. IGF-1R may be a useful predictor of outcomes in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Kalb M, Langheinrich MC, Merkel S, Krautz C, Brunner M, Bénard A, Weber K, Pilarsky C, Grützmann R, Weber GF. Influence of Body Mass Index on Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Rectal Cancer-A Single Centre Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050609. [PMID: 31052303 PMCID: PMC6562777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess bodyweight is known to influence the risk of colorectal cancer; however, little evidence exists for the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the long-term outcome of patients with rectal cancer. METHODS We assessed the impact of the BMI on the risk of local recurrence, distant metastasis and overall-survival in 612 patients between 2003 and 2010 after rectal cancer diagnosis and treatment at the University Hospital Erlangen. A Cox-regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio and multivariate risk of mortality and distant-metastasis. Median follow up-time was 58 months. RESULTS Patients with obesity class II or higher (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, n = 25) and patients with underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n = 5) had reduced overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.7) as well as higher rates of distant metastases (hazard ratio HR = 1.7; 95% CI 0.9-3.3) as compared to patients with normal bodyweight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 209), overweight (25 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2, n = 257) or obesity class I (30 ≤ BMI <35 kg/m2, n = 102). There were no significant differences for local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Underweight and excess bodyweight are associated with lower overall survival and higher rates of distant metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kalb
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Melanie C Langheinrich
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Krautz
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Brunner
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alan Bénard
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Weber
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Valente Duarte De Sousa IC. New and emerging drugs for the treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1009-1024. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1584182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for all major gastrointestinal cancers. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, this link could lead to an elevated burden of cancers of the digestive system. Currently, three main mechanisms explaining the link between excess adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer risk are being considered, including altered insulin signaling, obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered sex hormone metabolism, although new potential mechanisms emerge. This review is aimed to present our current knowledge on biological mechanisms involved in adiposity-related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis supported by results collected in epidemiological studies.
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25
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Murphy N, Jenab M, Gunter MJ. Adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers: epidemiology, mechanisms and future directions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:659-670. [PMID: 29970888 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excess adiposity is a risk factor for several cancers of the gastrointestinal system, specifically oesophageal adenocarcinoma and colorectal, small intestine, pancreatic, liver, gallbladder and stomach cancers. With the increasing prevalence of obesity in nearly all regions of the world, this relationship could represent a growing source of cancers of the digestive system. Experimental and molecular epidemiological studies indicate important roles for alterations in insulin signalling, adipose tissue-derived inflammation and sex hormone pathways in mediating the association between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer. The intestinal microbiome, gut hormones and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also have possible roles. However, important gaps remain in our knowledge. For instance, our understanding of how adiposity throughout the life course is related to the risk of gastrointestinal cancer development and of how obesity influences gastrointestinal cancer prognosis and survival is limited. Nonetheless, the increasing use of state-of-the-art analytical methods (such as omics technologies, Mendelian randomization and MRI) in large-scale epidemiological studies offers exciting opportunities to advance our understanding of the complex relationship between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we examine the epidemiology of associations between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer, explore potential mechanisms underlying these relationships and highlight important unanswered research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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26
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Role of IGF-1R in ameliorating apoptosis of GNE deficient cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7323. [PMID: 29743626 PMCID: PMC5943343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) are nine carbon acidic amino sugars, found at the outermost termini of glycoconjugates performing various physiological and pathological functions. SA synthesis is regulated by UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) that catalyzes rate limiting steps. Mutations in GNE result in rare genetic disorders, GNE myopathy and Sialuria. Recent studies indicate an alternate role of GNE in cell apoptosis and adhesion, besides SA biosynthesis. In the present study, using a HEK cell-based model for GNE myopathy, the role of Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R) as cell survival receptor protein was studied to counter the apoptotic effect of non-functional GNE. In the absence of functional GNE, IGF-1R was hyposialylated and transduced a downstream signal upon IGF-1 (IGF-1R ligand) treatment. IGF-1 induced activation of IGF-1R led to AKT (Protein Kinase B) phosphorylation that may phosphorylate BAD (BCL2 Associated Death Promoter) and its dissociation from BCL2 to prevent apoptosis. However, reduced ERK (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation in GNE deficient cells after IGF-1 treatment suggests downregulation of the ERK pathway. A balance between the ERK and AKT pathways may determine the cell fate towards survival or apoptosis. Our study suggests that IGF-1R activation may rescue apoptotic cell death of GNE deficient cell lines and has potential as therapeutic target.
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27
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Guevara-Aguirre J, Guevara A, Palacios I, Pérez M, Prócel P, Terán E. GH and GHR signaling in human disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 38:34-38. [PMID: 29395968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Along with its inherent properties in growth promotion, cell division and regeneration, growth hormone (GH) exerts a variety of miscellaneous and widespread actions on the human body after binding to its receptor (GHR). Indeed, GH influences the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; shapes body composition, influences cardiovascular profile, quality of life, and induces other direct and indirect physiologic effects. Besides this salutary actions, GH and its derived peptide insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), main product of the GH/GHR interaction, have been implicated in the genesis of diseases such as cancer and insulin-resistant diabetes. The effects of these peptides are difficult to discern in healthy individuals but can be better evaluated in disease states in which their action in target tissues is abnormal. In consequence, we selected acromegaly and Laron syndrome due to GH receptor deficiency (GHRD) as models for excess and absence of GH action, and focused in the role of GH/GHR signaling in the genesis of cancer and diabetes. Considering that malignancy has been linked at epidemiological level to type 2 diabetes and high body mass index, suggesting that hyperinsulinemia is an independent contributor to cancer genesis and progression, we propose that the GH-derived IGF-I is also an independent influence for progression to neoplasia since its absence associates with less DNA damage, diminished mutagenesis and efficient apoptosis. Regarding development of type 2 diabetes, we support the notion that GH, by influencing insulin sensitivity via its counter-regulatory properties on carbohydrate metabolism, is an important contributor for development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador.
| | | | - Iván Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Enrique Terán
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
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28
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Nakamura K, Muraoka O. Effect of electrolyzed water produced using carbon electrodes on HeLa cell proliferation. Biosci Trends 2018; 11:688-693. [PMID: 29225281 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We developed electrolyzed water (EW) using carbon electrodes and investigated the ability of the developed EW to inhibit the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. We observed that EW-containing media inhibited HeLa cell proliferation. Many very small black dots were produced in EW and these were associated with the inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation. Furthermore, the very small black dots that could inhibit cell proliferation were produced only at pH 3 to 3.5 of EW. Additional experiments showed that this inhibition of proliferation is reversible. These results suggest that the effect of EW on HeLa cells is cytostatic and not cytotoxic. Thus, our results indicate that the EW developed in this study may be used to inhibit cell proliretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University.,Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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29
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Stromal-derived IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Oncogene 2017; 36:5341-5355. [PMID: 28534511 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)2/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling axis has an important role in intestinal carcinogenesis and overexpression of IGF2 is an accepted risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Genetic amplifications and loss of imprinting contribute to the upregulation of IGF2, but insufficiently explain the extent of IGF2 expression in a subset of patients. Here, we show that IGF2 was specifically induced in the tumor stroma of CRC and identified cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as the major source. Further, we provide functional evidence that stromal IGF2, via the paracrine IGF1R/insulin receptor axis, activated pro-survival AKT signaling in CRC cell lines. In addition to its effects on malignant cells, autocrine IGF2/IGF1R signaling in CAFs induced myofibroblast differentiation in terms of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and contractility in floating collagen gels. This was further augmented in concert with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling suggesting a cooperative mechanism. However, we demonstrated that IGF2 neither induced TGFβ/smooth muscle actin/mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling nor synergized with TGFβ to hyperactivate this pathway in two dimensional and three dimensional cultures. IGF2-mediated physical matrix remodeling by CAFs, but not changes in extracellular matrix-modifying proteases or other secreted factors acting in a paracrine manner on/in cancer cells, facilitated subsequent tumor cell invasion in organotypic co-cultures. Consistently, colon cancer cells co-inoculated with CAFs expressing endogenous IGF2 in mouse xenograft models exhibited elevated invasiveness and dissemination capacity, as well as increased local tumor regrowth after primary tumor resection compared with conditions with IGF2-deficient CAFs. In line, expression of IGF2 correlated with elevated relapse rates and poor survival in CRC patients. In agreement with our results, high-level coexpression of IGF2 and TGFβ was predicting adverse outcome with higher accuracy than increased expression of the individual genes alone. Taken together, we demonstrate that stroma-induced IGF2 promotes colon cancer progression in a paracrine and autocrine manner and propose IGF2 as potential target for tumor stroma cotargeting strategies.
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Crowe J, Lumb FE, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Parasite excretory-secretory products and their effects on metabolic syndrome. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28066896 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, one of the main causes of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is an increasingly common health and economic problem worldwide, and one of the major risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is associated with MetS and obesity. A dominant type 2/anti-inflammatory response is required for metabolic homoeostasis within adipose tissue: during obesity, this response is replaced by infiltrating, inflammatory macrophages and T cells. Helminths and certain protozoan parasites are able to manipulate the host immune response towards a TH2 immune phenotype that is beneficial for their survival, and there is emerging data that there is an inverse correlation between the incidence of MetS and helminth infections, suggesting that, as with autoimmune and allergic diseases, helminths may play a protective role against MetS disease. Within this review, we will focus primarily on the excretory-secretory products that the parasites produce to modulate the immune system and discuss their potential use as therapeutics against MetS and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F E Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - M M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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The Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9453108. [PMID: 28298931 PMCID: PMC5337393 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9453108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissues contain adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be used in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the MSC availability in most tissues is limited which demands expansion in vitro following isolation. Like many developing cells, the state of MSCs is affected by the surrounding microenvironment, and mimicking this natural microenvironment that supports multipotent or differentiated state in vivo is essential to understand for the successful use of MSC in regenerative therapies. Many researchers are, therefore, optimizing cell culture conditions in vitro by altering growth factors, extracellular matrices, chemicals, oxygen tension, and surrounding pH to enhance stem cells self-renewal or differentiation. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system has been demonstrated to play an important role in stem cell biology to either promote proliferation and self-renewal or enhance differentiation onset and outcome, depending on the cell culture conditions. In this review, we will describe the importance of IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2, in development and in the MSC niche and how they affect the pluripotency or differentiation towards multiple lineages of the three germ layers.
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Chen WF, Wu L, Du ZR, Chen L, Xu AL, Chen XH, Teng JJ, Wong MS. Neuroprotective properties of icariin in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 25:93-99. [PMID: 28190476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epimedium sagittatum is a traditional Chinese herb normally which is used to treat the osteoporosis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and to improve neurological and sexual function in China, Korea and Japan. Icariin is the major active ingredient in Epimedium sagittatum. In the present research, we examined the neuroprotective effects of icariin on dopaminergic neurons and the possible mechanisms in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Ovariectomized PD mice were treated with vehicle or icariin (3 days before MPTP injections) with or without the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. The dopamine (DA) content in the striatum was studied by HPLC. Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase 3 in the striatum. The numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons in the substantial nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The activation of Akt and ERK by icariin were detected in doparminergic MES23.5 cells. RESULTS Icariin pretreatment could ameliorate the decreased striatum DA content and the loss of TH-IR neurons in the SNpc induced by MPTP. The MPTP-induced changes of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions in the striatum could be reversed by icariin pretreatment. Blockade of PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK signaling pathway by LY294002 or PD98059 could attenuate the increase of DA content in the striatum and TH-IR in the SNpc induced by icariin in PD mice model. Additionally, icariin treatment alone significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in a time dependent pattern in dopaminergic MES 23.5 cells. These effects were abolished by co-treatment with LY294002 or PD98059. CONCLUSION These data demonstrated that icariin has neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in PD mice model and the potential mechanisms might be related to PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China..
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.; Department of Physiology, Heze Medical College, Heze 274000, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ai-Li Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.; Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ji-Jun Teng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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Amaral T, Sinnberg T, Meier F, Krepler C, Levesque M, Niessner H, Garbe C. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma part I - Activation and primary resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:85-92. [PMID: 28169047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has an important role in normal cells and can be activated under physiological conditions. MAPK pathway activation is a fundamental step in several intracellular processes requiring a sequential phosphorylation of the different pathway components. In normal cells, when MAPK pathway activation occurs, it leads to cell growth and differentiation. In order to prevent persistent MAPK pathway activation, physiological upstream negative feedback also takes place. In cells harbouring BRAFV600 mutations, the process leading to MAPK pathway activation is different, and the negative physiological feedback does not exist thus leading to permanent MAPK pathway activation, which ultimately can lead to uncontrolled proliferation. Targeted therapy with rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma - B (BRAF) and/or mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors is indicated in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring BRAFV600 mutations. However, several different resistance mechanisms to this therapy were identified. In this review, we focus on primary or intrinsic resistance mechanisms to BRAF and MEK inhibition. In this setting, although a BRAF mutation is identified, there is no response to treatment with either BRAF or MEK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Portuguese Air Force Health Direction, Paço do Lumiar, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74D, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- University of Zürich Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Niessner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Yasumoto M, Sakamoto E, Ogasawara S, Isobe T, Kizaki J, Sumi A, Kusano H, Akiba J, Torimura T, Akagi Y, Itadani H, Kobayashi T, Hasako S, Kumazaki M, Mizuarai S, Oie S, Yano H. Muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS) recurrent mutation in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 6:235-244. [PMID: 27891760 PMCID: PMC5269692 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer (Type IV) is extremely poor. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis of Type IV and to identify new therapeutic targets. Although previous studies using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing have elucidated genomic alterations in gastric cancer, none has focused on comprehensive genetic analysis of Type IV. To discover cancer-relevant genes in Type IV, we performed whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide copy number analysis on 13 patients with Type IV. Exome sequencing identified 178 somatic mutations in protein-coding sequences or at splice sites. Among the mutations, we found a mutation in muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS), which is predicted to cause molecular dysfunction. MRAS belongs to the Ras subgroup of small G proteins, which includes the prototypic RAS oncogenes. We analyzed an additional 46 Type IV samples to investigate the frequency of MRAS mutation. There were eight nonsynonymous mutations (mutation frequency, 17%), showing that MRAS is recurrently mutated in Type IV. Copy number analysis identified six focal amplifications and one homozygous deletion, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) amplification. The samples with IGF1R amplification had remarkably higher IGF1R mRNA and protein expression levels compared with the other samples. This is the first report of MRAS recurrent mutation in human tumor samples. Our results suggest that MRAS mutation and IGF1R amplification could drive tumorigenesis of Type IV and could be new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yasumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Kurume, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sakamoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Taro Isobe
- Department of Surgery, Kurume General Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Junya Kizaki
- Department of Surgery, Kurume General Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akiko Sumi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume General Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiraku Itadani
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hasako
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kumazaki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Mizuarai
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Oie
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Downregulation of IGF-1 receptor occurs after hepatic linage commitment during hepatocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1575-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Huang J, Chen ZH, Ren CM, Wang DX, Yuan SX, Wu QX, Chen QZ, Zeng YH, Shao Y, Li Y, Wu K, Yu Y, Sun WJ, He BC. Antiproliferation effect of evodiamine in human colon cancer cells is associated with IGF-1/HIF-1α downregulation. Oncol Rep 2016; 34:3203-11. [PMID: 26503233 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Although the current treatment regimes for colon cancer have been well-developed in the past decades, the prognosis remains still undesirable. It is still urgent to explore new treatment strategies for colon cancer. Natural products is one of the most useful sources for anticancer agents, although some of them have serious side-effects. Evodiamine (Evo) is an quinolone alkaloid from the traditional herb medicine Evodia rutaecarpa. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effect of Evo in human colon cancer cells. We found that Evo exhibits prominent antiproliferation and apoptosis inducing effects in LoVo cells. Evo leads to apparent downregulation of HIF-1α either in vitro or in vivo; exogenous expression of HIF-1α can attenuate the antiproliferation effect of Evo in LoVo cells, while HIF-1α knockdown potentiates this effect greatly. Further analysis indicated that Evo can also inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 and decrease greatly the expression of IGF-1. Thus, our findings strongly suggested that the anticancer effect of Evo in human colon cancer may be partly mediated by downregulating HIF-1α expression, which is initiated by inactivating PI3K/Akt signaling transduction though decreasing the expression of IGF-1 in colon cancer cells. Therefore, Evo may be used alone or in combination as a potential anticancer agent for colon cancer treatment.
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Tracz AF, Szczylik C, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:453. [PMID: 27405474 PMCID: PMC4942928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is highest in highly developed countries and it is the seventh most common neoplasm diagnosed. RCC management include nephrectomy and targeted therapies. Type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance. IGF-1 and insulin share overlapping downstream signaling pathways in normal and cancer cells. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) stimulation may promote malignant transformation promoting cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and inhibiting apoptosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with IGF1R overexpression have 70 % increased risk of death compared to patients who had tumors without IGF1R expression. IGF1R signaling deregulation may results in p53, WT, BRCA1, VHL loss of function. RCC cells with high expression of IGF1R are more resistant to chemotherapy than cells with low expression. Silencing of IGF1R increase the chemosensitivity of ccRCC cells and the effect is greater in VHL mutated cells. Understanding the role of IGF-1 signaling pathway in RCC may result in development of new targeted therapeutic interventions. First preclinical attempts with anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies or fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragments alone or in combination with an mTOR inhibitor were shown to inhibit in vitro growth and reduced the number of colonies formed by of RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Tracz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhou J, Yao W, Liu K, Wen Q, Wu W, Liu H, Li Q. MicroRNA let-7g regulates mouse granulosa cell autophagy by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:130-140. [PMID: 27417237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important type of somatic cell, granulosa cells play a major role in deciding the fate of follicles. Therefore, analyses of granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia have become hotspots of animal research. Autophagy is a cellular catabolic mechanism that protects cells from stress conditions, including starvation, hypoxia, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in granulosa cells is not well known. Here, we demonstrate that let-7g regulates the mouse granulosa cell autophagy signaling pathway by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression and affecting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin. Small interference-mediated knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor significantly promoted autophagy signaling of mouse granulosa cells. In contrast, overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in mouse granulosa cells attenuated autophagy activity in the presence of let-7g. In addition, overexpression of let-7g increased the apoptosis rate, as indicated by an increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells. Finally, 3-methyladenine as well as the lysosomal enzyme inhibitor chloroquine partially blocked apoptosis. In summary, this study demonstrates that let-7g regulates autophagy in mouse granulosa cells by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and downregulating protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and that mouse granulosa cell autophagy induced by let-7g participates in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaiqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiannan Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yamamoto T, Oida S, Inage T. Gene Expression and Localization of Insulin-like Growth Factors and Their Receptors throughout Amelogenesis in Rat Incisors. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 54:243-52. [PMID: 16260589 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6821.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are expressed in many tissues and control cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In teeth, the temporo-spatial pattern of expression IGFs and their receptors has not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to obtain a comprehensive profile of their expression throughout the life cycle of ameloblasts, using the continuously erupting rat incisor model. Upper incisors of young male rats were fixed by perfusion, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were processed for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. mRNA and protein expression profiles IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR, and IGF-IIR mRNA were essentially identical. At the apical loop of the incisor, very strong signals were seen in the outer enamel epithelium while the inner enamel epithelium showed a moderate reaction. In the region of ameloblasts facing pulp, inner enamel epithelium cells were still moderately reactive while signals over the outer enamel epithelium were slightly reduced. In the region of ameloblasts facing dentin and the initial portion of the secretory zone, signals in ameloblasts were weak while those over the outer enamel epithelium were strong. In the region of postsecretory transition, signals in both ameloblasts and papillary layer cells gradually increased. In maturation proper, signals in ameloblasts appeared as alternating bands of strong and weak reactivities, which corresponded to the regions of ruffle-ended and smooth-ended ameloblasts, respectively. Papillary layer cells also showed alternations in signal intensity that matched those in ameloblasts. These results suggest that the IGF family may act as an autocrine/paracrine system that influences not only cell differentiation but also the physiological activity of ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tseng HW, Shiue YL, Tsai KW, Huang WC, Tang PL, Lam HC. Risk of skin cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4070. [PMID: 27368048 PMCID: PMC4937962 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that certain types of cancers are more common in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the risk of skin cancer in patients with DM in Taiwan. In this retrospective cohort study using data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Research Database, the risk of developing overall skin cancer, including nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma, was compared by Poisson regression analysis and Cox regression analysis between the DM and non-DM cohorts. The DM cohort with newly diagnosed DM (n = 41,898) and a non-DM cohort were one-to-one matched by age, sex, index date, and comorbidities (coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity). Compared with non-DM cohort statistically, for the people with DM aged ≥60 years, the incidence rates of overall skin cancer and NMSC were significantly higher (overall: DM/non-DM: number [n] = 99/76, incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.44, P = 0.02; NMSC: DM/non-DM: n = 94/66, IRR = 1.57, P = 0.005). By Cox regression analysis, the risk of developing overall skin cancer or NMSC was significantly higher after adjusting for sex, comorbidities, and overall diseases with immunosuppression status (overall: adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.46, P = 0.01; NMSC: AHR = 1.6, P = 0.003). Other significant risk factors were older males for skin cancer (overall: AHR = 1.68, P = 0.001; NMSC: AHR = 1.59, P = 0.004; melanoma: AHR = 3.25, P = 0.04), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for NMSC (AHR = 1.44, P = 0.04), and coronary artery disease for melanoma (AHR = 4.22, P = 0.01). The risk of developing melanoma was lower in the DM cohort than in the non-DM cohort, but without significance (AHR = 0.56, P = 0.28; DM/non-DM: n = 5/10). The incidence rate and risk of developing overall skin cancer, including NMSC, was significantly higher in older adults with DM. Other significant risk factors for older adults with DM were males for NMSC and melanoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for NMSC, and coronary artery disease for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University
| | | | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University
| | - Pei-Ling Tang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hing-Chung Lam
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Hing-Chung Lam, Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Da-Zhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan (R.O.C.) (e-mail: )
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Rostoker R, Ben-Shmuel S, Rashed R, Shen Orr Z, LeRoith D. CD24 cell surface expression in Mvt1 mammary cancer cells serves as a biomarker for sensitivity to anti-IGF1R therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27179633 PMCID: PMC4867988 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pro-tumorigenic effects of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) are well described. IGF1R promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation and prevents apoptosis, and, additionally it was shown that IGF1R levels are significantly elevated in most common human malignancies including breast cancer. However, results from phase 3 clinical trials in unselected patients demonstrated lack of efficacy for anti-IGF1R therapy. These findings suggest that predictive biomarkers are greatly warranted in order to identify patients that will benefit from anti-IGF1R therapeutic strategies. Methods Using the delivery of shRNA vectors into the Mvt1 cell line, we tested the role of the IGF1R in the development of mammary tumors. Based on CD24 cell surface expression, control and IGF1R-knockdown (IGF1R-KD) cells were FACS sorted into CD24− and CD24+ subsets and further characterized in vitro. The tumorigenic capacity of each was determined following orthotopic inoculation into the mammary fat pad of female mice. Tumor cells were FACS characterized upon sacrifice to determine IGF1R effect on the plasticity of this cell’s phenotype. Metastatic capacity of the cells was assessed using the tail vein assay. Results In this study we demonstrate that downregulation of the IGF1R specifically in cancer cells expressing CD24 on the cell surface membrane affect both their morphology (from mesenchymal-like into epithelial-like morphology) and phenotype in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF1R-KD abolished both CD24+ cells capacity to form mammary tumors and lung metastatic lesions. We found in both cells and tumors a marked upregulation in CTFG and a significant reduction of SLP1 expression in the CD24+/IGF1R-KD; tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting genes respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate here that the IGF1R is essential for the maintenance of stem/progenitor-like cancer cells and we further demonstrate that IGF1R-KD induces in vivo differentiation of the CD24+ cells toward the CD24- phenotype. This further supports the antitumorigenic effects of IGF1R-KD, as we recently published that these differentiated cells demonstrate significantly lower tumorigenic capacity compared with their CD24+ counterparts. Conclusions Taken together these findings suggest that CD24 cell surface expression may serve as a valuable biomarker in order to identify mammary tumors that will positively respond to targeted IGF1R therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0711-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Rostoker
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rola Rashed
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zila Shen Orr
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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El-Hadidy AR, El-Mohandes EM, Asker SA, Ghonaim FM. A histological and immunohistochemical study of the effects of N-acetyl cysteine on retinopathy of prematurity by modifying insulin-like growth factor-1. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:401-11. [PMID: 27149563 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1180428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder that occurs in premature infants and may lead to permanent visual impairment. We investigated both the possible protective role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for preventing ROP and the role of IGF-1 in the disorder. Forty-five newborn rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was raised in room air as controls. Group 2 was exposed to 60% oxygen for 14 days after birth, then transferred to room air. Group 3 was exposed to the same conditions as group 2, but received intraperitoneal injections of NAC on postnatal days 7-17. After 35 days, both eyes of all rats were processed for histology. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess structural changes and other sections were immunostained to determine the location of IGF-1. Frozen sections also were prepared and stained for adenosine triphosphatase to detect retinal blood vessels. Compared to the controls, more blood vessels, many of which were abnormal, and increased IGF-1 expression were observed in group 2. In group 3, abnormal blood vessels and IGF-1 expression were less evident. NAC appeared to be an effective vascular-protective agent for ROP by decreasing IGF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R El-Hadidy
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - E M El-Mohandes
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - S A Asker
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - F M Ghonaim
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Kaumaya PTP. A paradigm shift: Cancer therapy with peptide-based B-cell epitopes and peptide immunotherapeutics targeting multiple solid tumor types: Emerging concepts and validation of combination immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1368-86. [PMID: 25874884 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1026495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a recognizable and urgent need to speed the development and application of novel, more efficacious anti-cancer vaccine therapies that inhibit tumor progression and prevent acquisition of tumor resistance. We have created and established a portfolio of validated peptide epitopes against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and we have identified the most biologically effective combinations of EGFR (HER-1), HER-2, HER-3, VEGF and IGF-1R peptide vaccines/mimics to selectively inhibit multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The strategy is based on the use of chimeric conformational B-cell epitope peptides incorporating "promiscuous" T-cell epitopes that afford the possibility of generating an enduring immune response, eliciting protein-reactive high-affinity anti-peptide antibodies as potential vaccines and peptide mimics that act as antagonists to receptor signaling that drive cancer metastasis. In this review we will summarize our ongoing studies based on the development of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies that act synergistically to enhance immune-mediated tumor killing aimed at addressing mechanisms of tumor resistance for several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin T P Kaumaya
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center ; Columbus , OH , USA
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44
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Hoke GD, Ramos C, Hoke NN, Crossland MC, Shawler LG, Boykin JV. Atypical Diabetic Foot Ulcer Keratinocyte Protein Signaling Correlates with Impaired Wound Healing. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1586927. [PMID: 27840833 PMCID: PMC5093264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1586927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and wound infections often resulting in lower extremity amputations. The protein signaling architecture of the mechanisms responsible for impaired DFU healing has not been characterized. In this preliminary clinical study, the intracellular levels of proteins involved in signal transduction networks relevant to wound healing were non-biasedly measured using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) in keratinocytes isolated from DFU wound biopsies. RPPA allows for the simultaneous documentation and assessment of the signaling pathways active in each DFU. Thus, RPPA provides for the accurate mapping of wound healing pathways associated with apoptosis, proliferation, senescence, survival, and angiogenesis. From the study data, we have identified potential diagnostic, or predictive, biomarkers for DFU wound healing derived from the ratios of quantified signaling protein expressions within interconnected pathways. These biomarkers may allow physicians to personalize therapeutic strategies for DFU management on an individual basis based upon the signaling architecture present in each wound. Additionally, we have identified altered, interconnected signaling pathways within DFU keratinocytes that may help guide the development of therapeutics to modulate these dysregulated pathways, many of which parallel the therapeutic targets which are the hallmarks of molecular therapies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Hoke
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Corrine Ramos
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | | | - Mary C. Crossland
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Lisa G. Shawler
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Joseph V. Boykin
- HCA Retreat Doctors' Hospital, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- *Joseph V. Boykin:
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Ding WZ, Ni QF, Lu YT, Kong LL, Yu JJ, Tan LW, Kong LB. MicroRNA-497 regulates cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1081-1088. [PMID: 26893696 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) is known to be downregulated in several types of human cancer; however, the expression, function and underlying mechanisms of miR-497 in HCC remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated miR-497 expression in HCC samples and HCC-derived cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of one of the predicted common targets of miR-497, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), was assessed using western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. The role of miR-497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC-derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Of 60 paired specimens from HCC patients, miR-497 was downregulated in 42 cancer specimens compared with adjacent non-cancer tissues. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that IGF-1R expression was significantly increased in HCC compared to control tissues. In addition, overexpression of miR-497 was observed to inhibit colony formation and tumor growth in MHCC-97H human HCC cells. Conversely, SMMC-7721 human HCC cells transfected with a miR-497 inhibitor exhibited enhanced colony formation and tumor growth. Finally, IGF-1R protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway-associated proteins and cyclin pathway-associated proteins were differentially expressed between miR-497-overexpressing cells and miR-497-silenced cells. These results indicate that miR-497 may be a potentially effective gene therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhou Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Ting Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Liang Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Long-Wei Tan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Bao Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Agarwal D, Qi Y, Jiang T, Liu X, Shi W, Wali VB, Turk B, Ross JS, Fraser Symmans W, Pusztai L, Hatzis C. Characterization of DNA variants in the human kinome in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14736. [PMID: 26420498 PMCID: PMC4588561 DOI: 10.1038/srep14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases play a key role in cancer biology, and serve as potential clinically useful targets for designing cancer therapies. We examined nucleic acid variations in the human kinome and several known cancer-related genes in breast cancer. DNA was extracted from fine needle biopsies of 73 primary breast cancers and 19 metastatic lesions. Targeted sequencing of 518 kinases and 68 additional cancer related genes was performed using the SOLiD sequencing platform. We detected 1561 unique, non-synonymous variants in kinase genes in the 92 cases, and 74 unique variants in 43 kinases that were predicted to have major functional impact on the protein. Three kinase groups—CMGC, STE and TKL—showed greater mutational load in metastatic compared to primary cancer samples, however, after correction for multiple testing the difference was significant only for the TKL group (P = 0.04). We also observed that a higher proportion of histologic grade 1 and 2 cases had high functional impact variants in the SCYL2 gene compared with grade 3 cases. Our findings indicate that individual breast cancers harbor a substantial number of potentially functionally important nucleotide variations in kinase genes, most of which are present in unique combinations and include both somatic and germline functional variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Agarwal
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Quantitative Sciences of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vikram B Wali
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Turk
- Department of Pharmacology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Pathology of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christos Hatzis
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology of Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Malkani N, Jansson T, Gupta MB. IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to leucine deprivation is mediated by the AAR pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:182-95. [PMID: 25957086 PMCID: PMC5563670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) is the key regulator of fetal growth. IGF-I bioavailability is markedly diminished by IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) phosphorylation. Leucine deprivation strongly induces IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation, and plays an important role in fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR is characterized by decreased amino acid availability, which activates the amino acid response (AAR) and inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We investigated the role of AAR and mTOR in mediating IGFBP-1 secretion and phosphorylation in HepG2 cells in leucine deprivation. mTOR inhibition (rapamycin or raptor + rictor siRNA), or activation (DEPTOR siRNA) demonstrated a role of mTOR in leucine deprivation-induced IGFBP-1 secretion but not phosphorylation. When the AAR was blocked (U0126, or ERK/GCN2 siRNA), both IGFBP-1 secretion and hyperphosphorylation (pSer101/pSer119/pSer169) due to leucine deprivation were prevented. CK2 inhibition by TBB also attenuated IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in leucine deprivation. These results suggest that the AAR and mTOR independently regulate IGFBP-1 secretion and phosphorylation in response to decreased amino acid availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Malkani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Combinational Therapy Enhances the Effects of Anti-IGF-1R mAb Figitumumab to Target Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135844. [PMID: 26287334 PMCID: PMC4545894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with distinct biologic properties. Antibody targeting therapy has been actively investigated as a new drug modality. METHODS We tested the expression of IGF-1R and calculated the survival in 61 SCLC patients. We also evaluated the anti-tumor effects of anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody Figitumumab (CP) on SCLC, and tried two drug combinations to improve CP therapy. RESULTS Our clinical data suggested that high IGF-1R expression was correlated with low SCLC patient survival. We then demonstrated the effect of CP was likely through IGF-1R blockage and down-regulation without IGF-1R auto-phosphorylation and PI3K/AKT activation. However, we observed elevated MEK/ERK activation upon CP treatment in SCLC cells, and this MEK/ERK activation was enhanced by ß-arrestin1 knockdown while attenuated by ß-arrestin2 knockdown. We found both MEK/ERK inhibitor and metformin could enhance CP treatment in SCLC cells. We further illustrated the additive effect of metformin was likely through promoting further IGF-1R down-regulation. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted the potential of anti-IGF-1R therapy and the adjuvant therapy strategy with either MEK/ERK inhibitor or metformin to target SCLC, warranting further studies.
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Dirican E, Kaya Z, Gullu G, Peker I, Ozmen T, Gulluoglu BM, Kaya H, Ozer A, Akkiprik M. Detection of PIK3CA gene mutations with HRM analysis and association with IGFBP-5 expression levels in breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9327-33. [PMID: 25422220 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway mutations are associated with cancer and phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene mutations have been observed in 25-45% of breast cancer samples. Insulin growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) can show different effects on apoptosis, cell motility and survival in breast cancer. We here aimed to determine the association between PIK3CA gene mutations and IGFBP-5 expressions for the first time in breast cancer patients. Frozen tumor samples from 101 Turkish breast cancer patients were analyzed with high resolution melting (HRM) for PIK3CA mutations (exon 9 and exon 20) and 37 HRM positive tumor samples were analyzed by DNA sequencing, mutations being found in 31. PIK3CA exon 9 mutations (Q546R, E542Q, E545K, E542K and E545D) were found in 10 tumor samples, exon 20 mutations (H1047L, H1047R, T1025T and G1049R) in 21, where only 1 tumor sample had two exon 20 mutations (T1025T and H1047R). Moreover, we detected one sample with both exon 9 (E542Q) and exon 20 (H1047R) mutations. 35% of the tumor samples with high IGFBP-5 mRNA expression and 29.4% of the tumor samples with low IGFBP-5 mRNA expression had PIK3CA mutations (p=0.9924). This is the first study of PIK3CA mutation screening results in Turkish breast cancer population using HRM analysis. This approach appears to be a very effective and reliable screening method for the PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 mutation detection. Further analysis with a greater number of samples is needed to clarify association between PIK3CA gene mutations and IGFBP-5 mRNA expression, and also clinical outcome in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail :
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Keane J, Tajouri L, Gray B. The Effect of Growth Hormone Administration on the Regulation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis in-Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12753-72. [PMID: 26057745 PMCID: PMC4490471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) would show any significant effects on the expression of apoptosis regulating proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, the potential for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by miRNA was assessed in two cellular compartments, the cytosol and the mitochondria. Ten male subjects were subcutaneously injected with either rhGH (1 mg) or saline (0.9%) for seven consecutive days in a double-blinded fashion. Blood sampling was undertaken prior to treatment administration and over a period of three weeks following treatment cessation. Bcl-2 and Bak gene and protein expression levels were measured in PBMCs, while attention was also directed to the expression of miR-181a and miR-125b, known translational inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bak respectively. Results showed that rhGH significantly decreased Bak protein concentrations compared to placebo samples for up to 8 days post treatment. While cytosolic miRNA expression was not found to be significantly affected by rhGH, measurement of the expression of miR-125b in mitochondrial fractions showed a significant down-regulation eight days post-rhGH administration. These findings suggest that rhGH induces short-term anti-apoptotic effects which may be partially mediated through a novel pathway that alters the concentration of mitochondrially-associated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Keane
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4227, Australia.
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4227, Australia.
| | - Bon Gray
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4227, Australia.
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