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Möller C, Virzi J, Chang YJ, Keidel A, Chao MR, Hu CW, Cooke MS. DNA modifications: Biomarkers for the exposome? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104449. [PMID: 38636743 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the exposome is the encompassing of all the environmental exposures, both exogenous and endogenous, across the life course. Many, if not all, of these exposures can result in the generation of reactive species, and/or the modulation of cellular processes, that can lead to a breadth of modifications of DNA, the nature of which may be used to infer their origin. Because of their role in cell function, such modifications have been associated with various major human diseases, including cancer, and so their assessment is crucial. Historically, most methods have been able to only measure one or a few DNA modifications at a time, limiting the information available. With the development of DNA adductomics, which aims to determine the totality of DNA modifications, a far more comprehensive picture of the DNA adduct burden can be gained. Importantly, DNA adductomics can facilitate a "top-down" investigative approach whereby patterns of adducts may be used to trace and identify the originating exposure source. This, together with other 'omic approaches, represents a major tool for unraveling the complexities of the exposome and hence allow a better a understanding of the environmental origins of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Möller
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jazmine Virzi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Keidel
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Gaddour A, Brahem A, Mosbah H, Sridi C, Saidane M, Belakhdher M, Chouchene A, Kacem I, Maoua M, Kalboussi H, El Maalel O, Chatti S, Kermani W, Najib M. Occupational Risk Factors for Laryngeal Cancer in Tunisia: A Case Control Study. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2023; 114:e2023047. [PMID: 38060209 PMCID: PMC10731567 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v114i6.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the primary risk factors for laryngeal cancer (LC). In most populations, occupational exposures are likely to play a minor role in laryngeal carcinogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association between occupational exposure and laryngeal cancer. METHODS It is a case-control study that included 140 cases diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2016 and 140 controls matched by sex, age, alcohol consumption, and tobacco consumption. RESULTS Significantly increased risks were found amongst workers of the building sector (OR=4.621; 95% CI [1.826-11.693]) and the mechanical industry sector (OR=5.074; 95% CI [1.425-18.072]). Significant association of laryngeal cancer with various carcinogens was observed such as asbestos (p=0.009; OR=3.68; 95% CI [1.29-10.46]), paint vapors (p=0.005; OR=3.35; 95% CI [1.37-8.16]), solvents (p=0.001; OR=3.29: 95% CI [1.61-6.68]) and cement dust (p=0.003; OR=3.19: 95% CI [1.43-7.12]). After binary logistic regression, cement dust was independently correlated with LC (p=0.042; OR=3.93; 95% CI [1.04-14.78]. The administration sector was associated with decreased risk (p=0.001; OR=0.07; 95% CI [0.03-0.15]) as well as the health sector (p=0.001; OR=0.098; 95% CI [0.02-0.43]). CONCLUSIONS Our results supported the role of occupational factors in developing LC. Further studies enabling an in-depth analysis of occupational exposures are necessary to provide a clearer definition of the etiological associations between single agents and circumstances of exposure and the genesis of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gaddour
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Aicha Brahem
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Hiba Mosbah
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Chaima Sridi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Sahloul hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Maroua Saidane
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Mouna Belakhdher
- ENT Department, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Asma Chouchene
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Kacem
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Maher Maoua
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Houda Kalboussi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa El Maalel
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Souheil Chatti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Wassim Kermani
- ENT Department, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Mrizek Najib
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Hosseini B, Zendehdel K, Bouaoun L, Hall AL, Rashidian H, Hadji M, Gholipour M, Haghdoost AA, Schüz J, Olsson A. Bladder cancer risk in relation to occupations held in a nationwide case-control study in Iran. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:765-774. [PMID: 37158123 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, bladder cancer has been identified as one of the most frequent occupational cancers, but our understanding of occupational bladder cancer risk in Iran is less advanced. This study aimed to assess the risk of bladder cancer in relation to occupation in Iran. We used the IROPICAN case-control study data including 717 incident cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of bladder cancer in relation to ever working in major groups of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-68) while controlling for cigarette smoking, opium consumption. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In men, decreased ORs for bladder cancer were observed in administrative and managerial workers (OR 0.4; CI: 0.2, 0.9), and clerks (OR 0.6; CI: 0.4, 0.9). Elevated ORs were observed in metal processors (OR 5.4; CI: 1.3, 23.4), and workers in occupations with likely exposure to aromatic amines (OR 2.2; CI: 1.2, 4.0). There was no evidence of interactions between working in aromatic amines-exposed occupations and tobacco smoking or opium use. Elevated risk of bladder cancer in men in metal processors and workers likely exposed to aromatic amines aligns with associations observed outside Iran. Other previously confirmed associations between high-risk occupations and bladder cancer were not observed, possibly due to small numbers or lack of details on exposure. Future epidemiological studies in Iran would benefit from the development of exposure assessment tools such as job exposure matrices, generally applicable for retrospective exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Hosseini
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Amy L Hall
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mahin Gholipour
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Regional Knowledge HUB for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Research Centre for Modelling in Health, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Lee WT, Lee WR, Lee W, Yoon JH, Lee J. Risks of Leukemia in Various Industrial Groups in Korea: A Retrospective National Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1187. [PMID: 36673942 PMCID: PMC9859428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is known that occupational exposure to specific agents is associated with leukemia. However, whether the occupational risks of leukemia differ among various industrial groups remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the occupational risks of leukemia among different worker groups by industry. Data for a total of 11,050,398 people from the National Health Insurance System's claim data from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. By cohort inclusion of workers whose industry had not changed for three years and with total workers as a control group, the risk for a specific industry group was expressed as an age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Among groups by industry, 'Manufacture of motor vehicles and engines for motor vehicles', 'Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories', and 'Personal care services' showed significantly higher SIRs. In division analysis, the 'Manufacture of other machinery and equipment' and 'Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities' divisions showed significantly higher SIRs than other divisions. We identified an increased risk of leukemia in workers of certain industries in Korea. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to create a policy to protect workers at risk of leukemia. Various additional studies are needed to protect workers by revealing more precise relationships between individual hazardous substances, processes, and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Lee
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Respiratory Tract Cancer Incidences across Industry Groups: A Nationwide Cohort Study with More Than 70 Million Person-Years of Follow-Up. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215219. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cases and incidence rates of laryngeal and lung cancers have been increasing globally. Therefore, identifying the occupational causes of such cancers is an important concern for policymakers to prevent cancers and deaths. We used national health insurance service claims data in Korea. We included 10,786,000 workers aged between 25 and 64 years. In total, 74,366,928 total person-years of follow-up were included in this study with a mean follow-up of 6.89 years for each person. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) referenced with the total workers were estimated. For laryngeal cancer, increased SIRs were observed in the land transportation industry among male workers (SIR [95% CI]: 1.65 [1.02–2.53]). For lung cancer, elevated SIRs were observed in the industries including animal production (1.72 [1.03–2.68]), fishing (1.70 [1.05–2.60]), mining (1.69 [1.22–2.27]), travel (1.41 [1.00–1.93]), and transportation (1.22 [1.15–1.30]) among male workers. For female works, healthcare (2.08 [1.04–3.72]) and wholesale (1.88 [1.18–2.85]) industries were associated with a high risk of lung cancer. As an increased risk of respiratory tract cancers has been identified in employees associated with certain industries, appropriate policy intervention is needed to prevent occupational cancers.
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Wu F, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang X, Xu B, Liu W, Xu Z, Deng Y. Manganese exposure caused reproductive toxicity of male mice involving activation of GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus by prostaglandin E2 receptors EP1 and EP2. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110712. [PMID: 32502905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to manganese (Mn) can cause male reproductive damage and lead to abnormal secretion of sex hormones. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the neuromodulation of vertebrate reproduction. Astrocytes can indirectly regulate the secretion of GnRH by binding paracrine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) specifically to the EP1 and EP2 receptors on GnRH neurons. Prior studies assessed the abnormal secretion of GnRH caused by Mn exposure, but the specific mechanism has not been reported in detail. This study investigated the effects of Mn exposure on the reproductive system of male mice to clarify the role of PGE2 in the abnormal secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus caused by exposure to Mn. Our data demonstrate that antagonizing the EP1 and EP2 receptors of PGE2 can restore abnormal levels of GnRH caused by Mn exposure. Mn exposure causes reduced sperm count and sperm shape deformities. These findings suggest that EP1 and EP2, the receptors of PGE2, may be the key to abnormal GnRH secretion caused by Mn exposure. Antagonizing the PGE2 receptors may reduce reproductive damage caused by Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Occupational Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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DeBono NL, Logar-Henderson C, Warden H, Shakik S, Dakouo M, MacLeod J, Demers PA. Cancer surveillance among workers in plastics and rubber manufacturing in Ontario, Canada. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:847-856. [PMID: 32847990 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure to agents in plastics and rubber manufacturing has been associated with elevated risk of certain cancers. We sought to evaluate cancer risk among workers employed in occupations and industries with these exposures as part of an ongoing surveillance programme in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) cohort was established using workers' compensation claims data and includes 2.18 million workers employed from 1983 to 2014. Workers were followed for site-specific cancer diagnoses in the Ontario Cancer Registry through 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted HR and 95% CI. RESULTS We identified 81 127 workers employed in plastics and rubber manufacturing industries or materials processing and product fabricating occupations. Compared with all other women in the ODSS, those in materials processing occupations had an elevated rate of lung cancer (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.58) that was not observed among men. An elevated rate of breast cancer was observed among female labourers (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82) and moulders (HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.37) in plastics and rubber product fabricating occupations. Overall, elevated rates were observed for oesophageal, liver, stomach, prostate and kidney cancer in job-specific subgroups, including mixing and blending, bonding and cementing, and labouring. There was little evidence of association for lymphatic or haematopoietic cancers. CONCLUSIONS Findings for lung and breast cancer in women are consistent with other studies and warrant further attention in Ontario. Given the relatively young age at end of follow-up, surveillance in these workers should continue as the cohort ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L DeBono
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hunter Warden
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharara Shakik
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mourad BH. Prediction of lung cancer risk using circulating pro-surfactant protein B and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among Egyptian workers in the rubber industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:237-249. [PMID: 32419650 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720923504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For several decades, there has been increasing evidence for excess incidence of lung cancer among workers in the rubber industry. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of lung cancer occurrence among Egyptian workers involved in the rubber industry using two circulating protein biomarkers. METHODS This study was performed in a rubber manufacturing factory in Shubra El-Kheima region in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Environmental assessment for the suspended particulate matter of size 10 µm (PM10) concentrations was done. Levels of plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) were measured among the studied population (n = 155) who were divided into two groups. The first group included 75 workers exposed to rubber manufacturing process while the control group involved 80 administrative subjects. RESULTS The levels of PM10 neither exceeded the Egyptian nor the international permissible limits where the highest levels were observed in the mixing department. However, through medical history and clinical examination, it was observed that some general and respiratory manifestations were more prevalent among the exposed group when compared with their controls. Laboratory investigations revealed that the mean values of pro-SFTPB and HsCRP levels among exposed workers were significantly higher than those of the control group. These increased circulating proteins levels were strongly and positively correlated with each other and with the duration of employment of exposed workers. CONCLUSION The study results support the conclusion that prolonged occupational exposure to rubber manufacturing process is associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hussein Mourad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hidajat M, McElvenny DM, Ritchie P, Darnton A, Mueller W, Agius RM, Cherrie JW, de Vocht F. Lifetime cumulative exposure to rubber dust, fumes and N-nitrosamines and non-cancer mortality: a 49-year follow-up of UK rubber factory workers. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:316-323. [PMID: 31974293 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between occupational exposures to rubber dust, rubber fumes and N-nitrosamines and non-cancer mortality. METHODS A cohort of 36 441 males aged 35+ years employed in British rubber factories was followed-up to 2015 (94% deceased). Competing risk survival analysis was used to assess risks of dying from non-cancer diseases (respiratory, urinary, cerebrovascular, circulatory and digestive diseases). Occupational exposures to rubber dust, rubber fumes, N-nitrosamines were derived based on a population-specific quantitative job-exposure matrix which in-turn was based on measurements in the EU-EXASRUB database. RESULTS Exposure-response associations of increased risk with increasing exposure were found for N-nitrosomorpholine with mortality from circulatory diseases (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.17; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.23), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (SHR 1.19; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.26), cerebrovascular disease (SHR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32) and exposures to N-nitrosodimethylamine with respiratory disease mortality (SHR 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.53). Increased risks for mortality from circulatory disease, IHD and digestive diseases were found with higher levels of exposures to rubber dust, rubber fumes and N-nitrosamines sum, without an exposure-dependent manner. No associations were observed between rubber dust, rubber fumes and N-nitrosamines exposures with mortality from asthma, urinary disease, bronchitis, emphysema, liver disease and some digestive diseases. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of rubber factory workers with 49 years of follow-up, increased risk for mortality from circulatory, cerebrovascular, respiratory and digestive diseases were found to be associated with cumulative occupational exposures to specific agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hidajat
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Peter Ritchie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Darnton
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Health and Safety Executive, Bootle, UK
| | - William Mueller
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raymond M Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John W Cherrie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ayuso-Álvarez A, García-Pérez J, Triviño-Juárez JM, Larrinaga-Torrontegui U, González-Sánchez M, Ramis R, Boldo E, López-Abente G, Galán I, Fernández-Navarro P. Association between proximity to industrial chemical installations and cancer mortality in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113869. [PMID: 31991345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is likely that pollution from chemical facilities will affect the health of any exposed population; however, the majority of scientific evidence available has focused on occupational exposure rather than environmental. Consequently, this study assessed whether there could have been an excess of cancer-related mortality associated with environmental exposure to pollution from chemical installations - for populations residing in municipalities in the vicinity of chemical industries. To this end, we designed an ecological study which assessed municipal mortality due to 32 types of cancer in the period from 1999 to 2008. The exposure to pollution was estimated using distance from the facilities to the centroid of the municipality as a proxy for exposure. In order to assess any increased cancer mortality risk in municipalities potentially exposed to chemical facilities pollution (situated at a distance of ≤5 km from a chemical installation), we employed Bayesian Hierarchical Poisson Regression Models. This included two Bayesian inference methods: Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC, for validation). The reference category consisted of municipalities beyond the 5 km limit. We found higher mortality risk (relative risk, RR; estimated by INLA, 95% credible interval, 95%CrI) for both sexes for colorectal (RR, 1.09; 95%CrI, 1.05-1.15), gallbladder (1.14; 1.03-1.27), and ovarian cancers (1.10; 1.02-1.20) associated with organic chemical installations. Notably, pleural cancer (2.27; 1.49-3.41) in both sexes was related to fertilizer facilities. Associations were found for women, specifically for ovarian (1.11; 1.01-1.22) and breast cancers (1.06; 1.00-1.13) in the proximity of explosives/pyrotechnics installations; increased breast cancer mortality risk (1.10; 1.03-1.18) was associated with proximity to inorganic chemical installations. The results suggest that environmental exposure to pollutants from some types of chemical facilities may be associated with increased mortality from several different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ayuso-Álvarez
- National Center of Tropical Medicine, Network Collaborative Research in Tropical Diseases (RICET), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, PC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Unai Larrinaga-Torrontegui
- Medicina Preventiva OSI Debabarrena, Hospital de Mendaro, Calle Mendarozabal Kalea, s/n, 20850 Mendaro Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Mario González-Sánchez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Elena Boldo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Department of Chronic Diseases. Nacional Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz/La Paz University Teaching Hospital Research Institute), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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11
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Krstev S, Knutsson A. Occupational Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:91-111. [PMID: 31360689 PMCID: PMC6619854 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. There are many occupational factors that have been suggested to cause prostate cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence for causality by a literature review of occupational factors. We searched literature in Medline and SCOPUS from 1966 to June 30, 2015 to identify occupational risk factors for prostate cancer. The following risk factors were selected: farmers/agricultural workers, pesticides - whole group, and separately organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides, carbamates and triazines, cadmium, chromium, cutting fluids, acrylonitrile, rubber manufacturing, whole body vibration, shift work, flight personnel, ionizing radiation, and occupational physical activity. For each factor a literature search was performed and presented as meta-analysis of relative risk and heterogeneity (Q and I2 index). A total of 168 original studies met the inclusion criteria with 90,688 prostate cancer cases. Significantly increased risks were observed for the following occupational exposures: pesticides (metaRR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.32; I2 = 84%), and specifically group of organochlorine pesticides (meta relative risk [metaRR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03-1.14; I2 = 0%), chromium (metaRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.34; I2 = 31%), shift work (metaRR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.49; I2 = 78%) and pilots (metaRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02-1.94; I2 = 63%) and occupational physical activity in cohort studies (metaRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94; I2 = 0%). The literature review supports a causal association for a few of the previously suggested factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srmena Krstev
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade,
Serbia
| | - Anders Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall,
Sweden
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12
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Thapa N, Tomasi SE, Cox-Ganser JM, Nett RJ. Non-malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:367-384. [PMID: 30775791 PMCID: PMC6693673 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD) cases have occurred among rubber manufacturing workers. We examined exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions as a risk factor for NMRD. METHODS From a systematic literature review, we identified case reports and assessed cross-sectional and mortality studies for strength of evidence of positive association (strong, intermediate, non-significant positive association, none) between exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions and NMRD-related morbidity and mortality, and conducted two meta-analyses. RESULTS We analyzed 62 articles. We identified 11 cases of NMRD. Nine (30%) of 30 cross-sectional studies and one (4%) of 26 mortality studies had strong evidence. The summary odds ratio and SMR for the cross-sectional and mortality meta-analyses were 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-6.51) and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.82-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSION Available evidence supports rubber manufacturing emissions as a potential risk factor for NMRD-related morbidity. Further investigations with longer follow-up periods and inclusion of short-tenured workers could further define risks for NMRD and identify prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Thapa
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Suzanne E. Tomasi
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M. Cox-Ganser
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Randall J. Nett
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia
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13
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Hidajat M, McElvenny DM, Ritchie P, Darnton A, Mueller W, van Tongeren M, Agius RM, Cherrie JW, de Vocht F. Lifetime exposure to rubber dusts, fumes and N-nitrosamines and cancer mortality in a cohort of British rubber workers with 49 years follow-up. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:250-258. [PMID: 30772818 PMCID: PMC6581114 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantitatively evaluate exposure-response associations between occupational exposures to rubber dust, fumes and N-nitrosamines and cancer mortality in the UK rubber industry. METHODS Competing risk survival analyses were used to examine cancer mortality risk in a cohort of 36 441 males aged 35+ years employed in the British rubber industry in 1967, followed up to 2015 (94% mortality). Exposure measurements are based on a population-specific quantitative job-exposure matrix for rubber dust, rubber fumes and N-nitrosamines from the EU-EXASRUB project. RESULTS Exposure (lifetime cumulative (LCE))-response associations were found for N-nitrosomorphiline and all cancers (subdistribution HR (SHR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.57) and cancers of the bladder, stomach, multiple myeloma, oesophagus, prostate and pancreas, as well as for N-nitrosodimethylamine and all cancers (SHR 2.08, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.21) and cancers of the bladder, stomach, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, prostate and liver. LCE to the N-nitrosamines sum were associated with increased risks from all cancers (SHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.01) and cancers of the lung, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain. LCE to rubber dust and fumes are associated with increased mortality from all cancers (rubber dust SHR 1.67, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.78; rubber fumes SHR 1.91, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.03) and cancers of the bladder, lung, stomach, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oesophagus, prostate, pancreas and liver. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies, N-nitrosamines exposures are associated with mortality from cancers of the bladder, lung, stomach, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, oesophagus, prostate, pancreas and liver. The long follow-up with nearly complete mortality enabled estimations of lifetime cancer mortality risk from occupational exposures in the rubber industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hidajat
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Peter Ritchie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Darnton
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Health and Safety Executive, Bootle, UK
| | - William Mueller
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Raymond M Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John W Cherrie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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McElvenny DM, Mueller W, Ritchie P, Cherrie JW, Hidajat M, Darnton AJ, Agius RM, de Vocht F. British rubber and cable industry cohort: 49-year mortality follow-up. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:848-855. [PMID: 30269103 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined there is sufficient evidence that working in the rubber manufacturing industry increases the risk of cancers of the stomach, lung, bladder and leukaemia and lymphoma. OBJECTIVES To examine mortality patterns of a prospective cohort of men from the rubber and cable manufacturing industries in Great Britain. METHODS SMRs were calculated for males aged 35+ years at start of follow-up in 1967-2015 using the population of England and Wales as the external comparator. Tests for homogeneity and trends in SMRs were also completed. RESULTS For all causes, all malignant neoplasms, non-malignant respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases, SMRs were significantly elevated, and also particularly for cancers of the stomach (SMR=1.26,95% CI 1.18 to 1.36), lung (1.25,95% CI 1.21 to 1.29) and bladder (1.16,95% CI 1.05 to 1.28). However, the observed deaths for leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma were as expected. Bladder cancer risks were elevated only in workers exposed to antioxidants containing 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of excess risks in the rubber industry for some non-cancer diseases and supports IARC's conclusions in relation to risks for cancers of the bladder, lung and stomach, but not for leukaemia, NHL or multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Mueller
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Ritchie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John W Cherrie
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mira Hidajat
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew J Darnton
- Statistics Branch-Epidemiology Unit, Health and Safety Executive, Merseyside, UK
| | - Raymond M Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Marant Micallef C, Shield KD, Baldi I, Charbotel B, Fervers B, Gilg Soit Ilg A, Guénel P, Olsson A, Rushton L, Hutchings SJ, Straif K, Soerjomataram I. Occupational exposures and cancer: a review of agents and relative risk estimates. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:604-614. [PMID: 29735747 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of occupational exposures to the cancer burden can be estimated using population-attributable fractions, which is of great importance for policy making. This paper reviews occupational carcinogens, and presents the most relevant risk relations to cancer in high-income countries using France as an example, to provide a framework for national estimation of cancer burden attributable to occupational exposure. METHODS Occupational exposures that should be included in cancer burden studies were evaluated using multiple criteria: classified as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs volumes 1-114, being a primary occupational exposure, historical and current presence of the exposure in France and the availability of exposure and risk relation data. Relative risk estimates were obtained from published systematic reviews and from the IARC Monographs. RESULTS Of the 118 group 1 and 75 group 2A carcinogens, 37 exposures and 73 exposure-cancer site pairs were relevant. Lung cancer was associated with the most occupational carcinogenic exposures (namely, 18), followed by bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ionising radiation was associated with the highest number of cancer sites (namely, 20), followed by asbestos and working in the rubber manufacturing industry. Asbestos, bis(chloromethyl)ether, nickel and wood dust had the strongest effect on cancer, with relative risks above 5. CONCLUSIONS A large number of occupational exposures continues to impact the burden of cancer in high-income countries such as France. Information on types of exposures, affected jobs, industries and cancer sites affected is key for prioritising policy and prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marant Micallef
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kevin David Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Equipe Santé Environnement, Centre de recherche INSERM U 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Service des maladies professionnelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Cancer and Environment team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley Rushton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sally J Hutchings
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt Straif
- Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Liao C, Kim UJ, Kannan K. A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, Exposure, and Toxicity of Benzothiazoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5007-5026. [PMID: 29578695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole and its derivatives (BTs) are high production volume chemicals that have been used for several decades in a large number of industrial and consumer products, including vulcanization accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides, herbicides, algicides, and ultraviolet (UV) light stabilizers. Several benzothiazole derivatives are used commercially, and widespread use of these chemicals has led to ubiquitous occurrence in diverse environmental compartments. BTs have been reported to be dermal sensitizers, respiratory tract irritants, endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, and genotoxicants. This article reviews occurrence and fate of a select group of BTs in the environment, as well as human exposure and toxicity. BTs have frequently been found in various environmental matrices at concentrations ranging from sub-ng/L (surface water) to several tens of μg/g (indoor dust). The use of BTs in a number of consumer products, especially in rubber products, has resulted in widespread human exposure. BTs undergo chemical, biological, and photolytic degradation in the environment, creating several transformation products. Of these, 2-thiocyanomethylthio-benzothiazole (2-SCNMeS-BTH) has been shown to be the most toxic. Epidemiological studies have shown excess risks of cancers, including bladder cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia, among rubber factory workers, particularly those exposed to 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (2-SH-BTH). Human exposure to BTs continues to be a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Un-Jung Kim
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
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Cancer Incidence in Workers Exposed to Styrene in the Danish-reinforced Plastics Industry, 1968-2012. Epidemiology 2018; 28:300-310. [PMID: 27984421 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to styrene is widespread and has been suggested to be carcinogenic. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational exposure to styrene increases the risk of cancer, in particular lymphohematopoietic cancers. METHODS We established a study population of 72,292 workers employed in 443 small and medium-sized companies producing reinforced plastics 1964-2007 by utilizing several national registries, expert assessment, and worker survey data. We identified incident cancer cases from 1968 to 2012 in the national Danish cancer registry and computed standardized incidence rate ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) based on national rates. RESULTS Increasing SIRs of Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and cancer of nasal cavities and sinuses were inconsistently associated with increasing duration of employment, early year of first employment, or styrene exposure probability. No such trends were observed for cancer of the esophagus, pancreas, lung, kidney, or urinary bladder, which have previously been associated with styrene exposure. Lung cancer showed an overall increased risk that decreased by duration of employment. CONCLUSION Occupational styrene exposure may be associated with Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and cancer of nasal cavities and sinuses. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the observed associations are likely to be causal.
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18
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Mastrangelo G, Carta A, Arici C, Pavanello S, Porru S. An etiologic prediction model incorporating biomarkers to predict the bladder cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to aromatic amines: a pilot study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28804505 PMCID: PMC5549308 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No etiological prediction model incorporating biomarkers is available to predict bladder cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to aromatic amines. METHODS Cases were 199 bladder cancer patients. Clinical, laboratory and genetic data were predictors in logistic regression models (full and short) in which the dependent variable was 1 for 15 patients with aromatic amines related bladder cancer and 0 otherwise. The receiver operating characteristics approach was adopted; the area under the curve was used to evaluate discriminatory ability of models. RESULTS Area under the curve was 0.93 for the full model (including age, smoking and coffee habits, DNA adducts, 12 genotypes) and 0.86 for the short model (including smoking, DNA adducts, 3 genotypes). Using the "best cut-off" of predicted probability of a positive outcome, percentage of cases correctly classified was 92% (full model) against 75% (short model). Cancers classified as "positive outcome" are those to be referred for evaluation by an occupational physician for etiological diagnosis; these patients were 28 (full model) or 60 (short model). Using 3 genotypes instead of 12 can double the number of patients with suspect of aromatic amine related cancer, thus increasing costs of etiologic appraisal. CONCLUSIONS Integrating clinical, laboratory and genetic factors, we developed the first etiologic prediction model for aromatic amine related bladder cancer. Discriminatory ability was excellent, particularly for the full model, allowing individualized predictions. Validation of our model in external populations is essential for practical use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2 -, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2 -, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- University Research Center “Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Boniol M, Koechlin A, Boyle P. Meta-analysis of occupational exposures in the rubber manufacturing industry and risk of cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1940-1947. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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20
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Boniol M, Koechlin A, Sorahan T, Jakobsson K, Boyle P. Cancer incidence in cohorts of workers in the rubber manufacturing industry first employed since 1975 in the UK and Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:417-421. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Boniol M, Koechlin A, Świątkowska B, Sorahan T, Wellmann J, Taeger D, Jakobsson K, Pira E, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Pizot C, Boyle P. Cancer mortality in cohorts of workers in the European rubber manufacturing industry first employed since 1975. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:933-41. [PMID: 26884594 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased cancer risk has been reported among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry employed before the 1960s. It is unclear whether risk remains increased among workers hired subsequently. The present study focused on risk of cancer mortality for rubber workers first employed since 1975 in 64 factories. PATIENTS AND METHODS Anonymized data from cohorts of rubber workers employed for at least 1 year from Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the UK were pooled. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), based on country-specific death rates, were reported for bladder and lung cancer (primary outcomes of interest), for other selected cancer sites, and for cancer sites with a minimum of 10 deaths in men or women. Analyses stratified by type of industry, period, and duration of employment were carried out. RESULTS A total of 38 457 individuals (29 768 men; 8689 women) contributed to 949 370 person-years. No increased risk of bladder cancer was observed [SMR = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46; 1.38]. The risk of lung cancer death was reduced (SMR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70; 0.94). No statistically significant increased risk was observed for any other cause of death. A reduced risk was evident for total cancer mortality (SMR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.76; 0.87). Risks were lower for workers in the tyre industry compared with workers in the general rubber goods sector. Analysis by employment duration showed a negative trend with SMRs decreasing with increasing duration of employment. In an analysis of secondary end points, when stratified by type of industry and period of first employment, excess risks of myeloma and gastric cancer were observed each due, essentially, to results from one centre. CONCLUSION No consistent increased risk of cancer death was observed among rubber workers first employed since 1975, no overall analysis of the pooled cohort produced significantly increased risk. Continued surveillance of the present cohorts is required to confirm the absence of long-term risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boniol
- University of Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health, Lyon ouest Ecully International Prevention Research Institute, iPRI, Lyon, France
| | - A Koechlin
- University of Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health, Lyon ouest Ecully International Prevention Research Institute, iPRI, Lyon, France
| | - B Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - T Sorahan
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - D Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Jakobsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Pira
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Pizot
- International Prevention Research Institute, iPRI, Lyon, France
| | - P Boyle
- University of Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health, Lyon ouest Ecully International Prevention Research Institute, iPRI, Lyon, France
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22
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Powers C, Lampel HP. The rubber manufacturing industry: a case report and review of cutaneous exposure and sequelae. J Occup Med Toxicol 2015; 10:33. [PMID: 26339279 PMCID: PMC4558935 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical carcinogens in rubber manufacturing remains a serious occupational health concern. Workers are exposed to these carcinogens via skin or inhalation. Rubber manufacturing work is associated with a high prevalence of dermatologic diseases such as eczema, allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. The role that epidermal exposure plays in the development of malignancies historically associated with the rubber industry is less certain. We present a case relevant to this discussion and review the role of skin exposure in the rubber industry, providing an overview of the cutaneous and systemic manifestations of occupational exposures in modern day rubber workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Powers
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Heather P Lampel
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
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Hosseini SY, Rezazadeh Azari M, Zendehdel R, Souri H, Taiefeh Rahimian R. Feasibility the Biological Monitoring of Workers Exposed to Benzene and Toluene via Measuring the Parent Compounds in the Exhaled Breath. HEALTH SCOPE 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-25774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Clin B, Pairon JC. Medical follow-up for workers exposed to bladder carcinogens: the French evidence-based and pragmatic statement. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1155. [PMID: 25377503 PMCID: PMC4230399 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to establish recommendations for the medical follow-up of workers currently or previously exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder. METHODS A critical synthesis of the literature was conducted. Sectors of activity where workers are or were exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder were listed and classified according to the level of bladder cancer risk. Performances of techniques available for the targeted screening of bladder cancer were analysed, including a simulation of results among high-risk populations in France. RESULTS The risk level for the professional group and the latency period between the start of exposure and the natural history of the disease were selected to define a targeted screening protocol. The NMP22BC test, exclusive haematuria testing, and combinations of urine cytology with, respectively, the NMP22BC test and haematuria test, generated an extremely high proportion of false positive results. CONCLUSION Urine cytology is the test that offers the best specificity. Although poor for all bladder cancer stages and grades combined, its sensitivity is better for high grades, which require early diagnosis since late-stage cancers are of very poor prognosis. These results suggest that urine cytology is currently the only technique suitable for proposal within the context of a first line targeted screening strategy for occupational bladder cancer. An algorithm summarising the recommended medical follow-up for workers currently or previously exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder is proposed, based on the level of risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Clin
- />Cancers and prevention, U1086 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- />Service de Santé au Travail et Pathologie Professionnelle (Occupational Health Department), C.H.U. (University Hospital) Côte de Nacre, 14033 CAEN Cedex, France
| | - “RecoCancerProf” Working Group
- />Cancers and prevention, U1086 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- />Service de Santé au Travail et Pathologie Professionnelle (Occupational Health Department), C.H.U. (University Hospital) Côte de Nacre, 14033 CAEN Cedex, France
- />INSERM, Unité 955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
- />Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pneumologie et de Pathologie Professionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- />INSERM, Unité 955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
- />Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pneumologie et de Pathologie Professionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France
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Affiliation(s)
- L Joseph Su
- Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 4E212, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Cavallo D, Casadio V, Bravaccini S, Iavicoli S, Pira E, Romano C, Fresegna AM, Maiello R, Ciervo A, Buresti G, Zoli W, Calistri D. Assessment of DNA damage and telomerase activity in exfoliated urinary cells as sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of bladder cancer in ex-workers of a rubber tyres industry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:370907. [PMID: 24877087 PMCID: PMC4022006 DOI: 10.1155/2014/370907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of early carcinogenic effect at target organ to use in biomonitoring studies of workers at risk for previous occupational exposure to potential carcinogens. Standard urine cytology (Papanicolaou staining test), comet assay, and quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay were performed in 159 ex-rubber workers employed in tyres production and 97 unexposed subjects. In TRAP positive cases, a second level analysis using FISH (Urovysion) was done. Cystoscopy results were available for 11 individuals whose 6 FISH/TRAP/comet positive showed in 3 cases a dysplastic condition confirmed by biopsy, 1 comet positive resulted in infiltrating UBC to the biopsy and with hyperplasia and slight dysplasia to the urinary cytology, 1 comet positive resulted in papillary superficial UBC to the biopsy, 1 FISH/TRAP positive showed a normal condition, and 2 TRAP positive showed in one case a phlogosis condition. The results evidenced good concordance of TRAP, comet, and FISH assays as early biomarkers of procarcinogenic effect confirmed by the dysplastic condition and UBC found by cystoscopy-biopsy analysis. The analysis of these markers in urine cells could be potentially more accurate than conventional cytology in monitoring workers exposed to mixture of bladder potential carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Casadio
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Occupational Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Canzio Romano
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Occupational Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fresegna
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maiello
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ciervo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Wainer Zoli
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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Khlifi R, Olmedo P, Gil F, Molka FT, Hammami B, Ahmed R, Amel HC. Risk of laryngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer associated with arsenic and cadmium in the Tunisian population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2032-2042. [PMID: 24022098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to heavy metals has long been recognized as being capable of increasing head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence, such as laryngeal (LC) and nasopharyngeal (NPC), among exposed human populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in the blood of 145 patients (LC and NPC) and 351 controls in order to establish a potential relationship between these factors and the occurrence of LC and NPC. Mean blood levels of As and Cd in patients (5.67 and 3.51 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of controls (1.57 and 0.74 μg/L, respectively). The blood levels of As and Cd were mostly significantly higher than those of controls (p<0.05) after controlling the other risk factors of HNC including tobacco smoking and chewing, and alcohol drinking. Cd levels in blood increase significantly with the number of occupational exposure years for patients (p<0.05). However, seafood was not found to be contributing as an exposure source. Among these risk factors, smoking (>30 pack years) and occupational exposure (>20 years) presented the most significant association with HNC (OR=10.22 and 10.38, respectively, p<0.001). Cd level in blood sample of cases that are occupationally exposed/tobacco users (smokers and chewers) were higher than that of non-occupationally exposed/nontobacco users (p<0.001). The logistic regression model illustrated that HNC (LC+NPC) was significantly associated with blood levels of As (OR=2.41, p<0.001) and Cd (OR=4.95, p<0.001).
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Spyratos D, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, Tsakiridis K, Machairiotis N, Katsikogiannis N, Kougioumtzi I, Dryllis G, Kallianos A, Rapti A, Li C, Zarogoulidis K. Occupational exposure and lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5 Suppl 4:S440-5. [PMID: 24102018 PMCID: PMC3791490 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for male and the second most usual cancer for women after breast cancer. Currently there are available several non-specific cytotoxic agents and several targeted agents for lung cancer therapy. However; early stage diagnosis is still unavailable and several efforts are being made towards this direction. Novel biomarkers are being investigated along with new biopsy techniques. The occupational and environmental exposure to carcinogenic agents is an everyday phenomenon. Therefore until efficient early diagnosis is available, avoidance of exposure to carcinogenic agents is necessary. In the current mini-review occupational and environmental carcinogenic agents will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, “Saint Luke” Private Hospital of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kougioumtzi
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Dryllis
- Internal Medicine Department (NHS), General Hospital of Syros, Syros, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Rapti
- 2nd Pulmonology Clinic, Hospital of Chest Diseases “SOTIRIA”, Athens, Greece
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Automobile Works General Hospital/The fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kim B, Lee JS, Choi BS, Park SY, Yoon JH, Kim H. Ultrafine particle characteristics in a rubber manufacturing factory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:728-39. [PMID: 23307862 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to epidemiological research, exposure to rubber fumes can cause various types of cancer and can lead to an increase in death rate because of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVES In this study, we have assessed the characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted into the air during the manufacturing of rubber products using waste tires. METHODS To assess the aerosol distribution of rubber fumes in the workplace from a product during curing, we have performed particle number concentration mapping using a handheld condensation particle counter. The particle number concentration of each process, count median diameter (CMD), and nanoparticle ratio (<100nm) were determined using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI), and the surface area concentration was determined using a surface area monitor. The shape and composition of the sampled rubber fumes were analyzed using an ELPI-transmission electron microscopy grid method. Further, the rubber fume mass concentration was determined according to the Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances 47/2. RESULTS The results of particle mapping show that the rubber fumes were distributed throughout the air of the workplace. The concentration was the highest during the final process of the work. The particle number concentration and the surface area concentration were 545 000cm(-3) and 640 µm(2) cm(-3), respectively, approximately 10- and 4-fold higher than those in the outdoor background. During the final process, the CMD and the nanoparticle ratio were 26nm and 94%, respectively. Most of the rubber fume particles had a compact shape because of the coagulation between particles. The main components of these fumes were silicon and sulfur, and heavy metals such as zinc were detected in certain particles. The filter concentration of the rubber fumes was 0.22mg m(-3), lower than the UK workplace exposure limit of 0.6mg m(-3). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the rubber manufacturing process is a potentially dangerous process that produces a high concentration of specific nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boowook Kim
- Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, South Korea
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Gemitha G, Sudha S. Assessment of Genotoxicity Among Rubber Industry Workers Occupationally Exposed to Toxic Agents Using Micronucleus Assay. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2013; 6:73-7. [PMID: 25250114 PMCID: PMC4142917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational and environmental exposures mostly represent complexmixture of genotoxic agents, however there is a wide variation in the specificity of biomarkers. Exploration of correlations among biomarkers contributes to the further progress of molecular cancer epidemiology and to the selection of the optimal biomarkers for the investigation of human exposure to carcinogens. The aim of this study was to assess the potential cytogenetic damage associated with occupational exposure to toxic agents among rubber industry workers by using Micronucleus (MN) assay. METHODS In the present study 35 occupationally exposed rubber industry workers and 30 controls were investigated for genetic damage. Both the exposed and control individuals were selected from rural areas of South India. Exfoliated Buccal cells were collected from the study population and examined for the presence of MN. RESULTS Rubber industry workers showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells when compared to controls with respect to their smoking and drinking habits (P< 0.05). The present study suggested that occupational exposure to toxic chemicals in rubber industry can cause genetic damage. CONCLUSION MN formation reflects genetic changes and/or events associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore the results of this study indicate that rubber industry workers may be at the risk of cancer. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate measures to protect the workers from occupational hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gem Gemitha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sellappa Sudha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India,Corresponding Author:
Sellappa Sudha, PhD;
Associate Professor of Biotechnology
Tel: (+91) 94 86 61 61 91
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Mirabelli D, Cacciatore AM, Ferrante D, Amendola P, Vermeulen R, Merletti F. Cohort study of workers employed in an Italian tire manufacturing plant, 1962-2004. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:2023-9. [PMID: 23085812 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate mortality and bladder cancer incidence among workers of a tire manufacturing plant where antioxidants severely contaminated by beta-naphthylamine were never used. METHODS Mortality follow-up was performed of 9,501 workers first hired between 1962 when the plant started operations and 2000. Person-years of observation from 1962 to 2004, expected deaths, and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated. Follow-up for bladder cancer incidence from 1988 to 2003 was carried out, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated. Multivariable (Poisson) analyses of bladder cancer incidence and mortality by duration of employment (DOE) and time since first employment (TSFE) were performed. RESULTS Among men, SMRs were significantly reduced for all causes, all cancers, lung cancer, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart diseases. Bladder cancer mortality and leukemia mortality were close to expectation but increased with TSFE. Seventy-two incident cases of bladder cancer were observed (SIR = 1.15; 95 % confidence interval 0.90-1.44), and multivariable analysis suggested a possible increase in rate ratios with DOE. Among women, mortality was close to expectation, but the limited number of observed deaths prevented detailed analyses. CONCLUSIONS No significant cancer excess was observed. A suggestion of increased risks of bladder cancer and leukemias after extended TSFE was present in men, deserving consideration as exposure to carcinogens possibly occurred early in plant operation. Furthermore, this cohort of workers is still relatively young and less than 10 % have died. There was, thus, limited power to detect small increases in risk at rare cancer sites. Further epidemiological surveillance of this cohort is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, via Santena 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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De Vocht F, Kromhout H. The use of Benford's law for evaluation of quality of occupational hygiene data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 57:296-304. [PMID: 22997413 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Benford's law is the contra-intuitive empirical observation that the digits 1-9 are not equally likely to appear as the initial digit in numbers resulting from the same phenomenon. Manipulated, unrelated, or created numbers usually do not follow Benford's law, and as such this law has been used in the investigation of fraudulent data in, for example, accounting and to identify errors in data sets due to, for example, data transfer. We describe the use of Benford's law to screen occupational hygiene measurement data sets using exposure data from the European rubber manufacturing industry as an illustration. Two rubber process dust measurement data sets added to the European Union ExAsRub project but initially collected by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and British Rubber Manufacturers' Association (BRMA) and one pre- and one post-treatment n-nitrosamines data set collated in the German MEGA database and also added to the ExAsRub database were compared with the expected first-digit (1BL) and second-digit (2BL) Benford distributions. Evaluation indicated only small deviations from the expected 1BL and 2BL distributions for the data sets collated by the UK HSE and industry (BRMA), respectively, while for the MEGA data larger deviations were observed. To a large extent the latter could be attributed to imputation and replacement by a constant of n-nitrosamine measurements below the limit of detection, but further evaluation of these data to determine why other deviations from 1BL and 2BL expected distributions exist may be beneficial. Benford's law is a straightforward and easy-to-implement analytical tool to evaluate the quality of occupational hygiene data sets, and as such can be used to detect potential problems in large data sets that may be caused by malcontent a priori or a posteriori manipulation of data sets and by issues like treatment of observations below the limit of detection, rounding and transfer of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank De Vocht
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Community Based Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Straif K. Use of meta-analyses by IARC Working Groups. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:A342-A343. [PMID: 23487835 PMCID: PMC3440135 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, E-mail:
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Mortality from cancer and other causes in an Italian cohort of male rubber tire workers. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:345-9. [PMID: 22361990 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318244503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mortality among workers of an Italian rubber tire factory employed between 1954 and 2008. METHODS This cohort study included 6246 men, totaling 190,512 man-years of observation. Employment data were obtained from personnel records, whereas vital status and causes of death were ascertained from local authorities. We computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) using national and regional death certification rates. RESULTS Mortality was significantly lower than expected for all cancers (SMR = 79) and all causes (SMR = 85). The SMRs were 99 for cancer of stomach, 78 for lung, 121 for urinary bladder, 116 for lymphoma, and 89 for leukemia, none being significant. Decreased mortality emerged for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (SMR = 45), esophagus (SMR = 29), colorectum (SMR = 71), liver (SMR = 57), and kidney (SMR = 33). CONCLUSIONS This study shows no excess cancer risk among male rubber tire workers employed after 1954.
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Brown T, Slack R, Rushton L. Occupational cancer in Britain. Urinary tract cancers: bladder and kidney. Br J Cancer 2012; 107 Suppl 1:S76-84. [PMID: 22710682 PMCID: PMC3384013 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Brown
- Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Rebecca Slack
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lesley Rushton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 3PG, UK
| | - with the British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group
- Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 3PG, UK
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Luckhaupt SE, Deapen D, Cress R, Schumacher P, Shen R, Calvert GM. Leukemia among male construction workers in California, 1988–2007. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2228-36. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.690873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li P, Deng SS, Wang JB, Iwata A, Qiao YL, Dai XB, Boffetta P. Occupational and environmental cancer incidence and mortality in China. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:281-7. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Luce D, Stücker I, study group ICARE. Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers (ICARE): a multicenter, population-based case-control study in France. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:928. [PMID: 22171573 PMCID: PMC3274482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational causes of respiratory cancers need to be further investigated: the role of occupational exposures in the aetiology of head and neck cancers remains largely unknown, and there are still substantial uncertainties for a number of suspected lung carcinogens. The main objective of the study is to examine occupational risk factors for lung and head and neck cancers. METHODS/DESIGN ICARE is a multi-center, population-based case-control study, which included a group of 2926 lung cancer cases, a group of 2415 head and neck cancer cases, and a common control group of 3555 subjects. Incident cases were identified in collaboration with cancer registries, in 10 geographical areas. The control group was a random sample of the population of these areas, with a distribution by sex and age comparable to that of the cases, and a distribution by socioeconomic status comparable to that of the population. Subjects were interviewed face to face, using a standardized questionnaire collecting particularly information on tobacco and alcohol consumption, residential history and a detailed description of occupational history. Biological samples were also collected from study subjects. The main occupational exposures of interest are asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chromium and nickel compounds, arsenic, wood dust, textile dust, solvents, strong acids, cutting fluids, silica, diesel fumes, welding fumes. The complete list of exposures of interest includes more than 60 substances. Occupational exposure assessment will use several complementary methods: case-by-case evaluation of exposure by experts; development and use of algorithms to assess exposure from the questionnaires; application of job-exposure matrices. DISCUSSION The large number of subjects should allow to uncover exposures associated with moderate increase in risks, and to evaluate risks associated with infrequent or widely dispersed exposures. It will be possible to study joint effects of exposure to different occupational risk factors, to examine the interactions between occupational exposures, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and genetic risk factors, and to estimate the proportion of respiratory cancers attributable to occupational exposures in France. In addition, information on many non-occupational risk factors is available, and the study will provide an excellent framework for numerous studies in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Luce
- INSERM UMRS 1018, CESP, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, 15/16, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
- UMRS 1018, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- INSERM UMRS 1018, Environmental epidemiology of cancer, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
- UMRS 1018, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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Boing AF, Antunes JLF. [Socioeconomic conditions and head and neck cancer: a systematic literature review]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:615-22. [PMID: 21340337 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to describe the main characteristics of epidemiological studies that investigated the association between socioeconomic conditions and head and neck cancer. Research was carried out on the Medline (International Science Literature), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases, as well as the references cited in the articles obtained through the primary search of the aforementioned databases. The publication period considered included 38 years (1970-2007) and the analysis was restricted to articles in Spanish, English or Portuguese. Twenty-five studies were selected, 15 that outlined case-control, four ecological and six that combined information from official databases, such as censuses and cancer or death records. Most cases reported an association between lower socioeconomic conditions and head and neck cancer. The most used indexes were occupation and education. Few studies investigated medication, aiming to point out which proximal factors operate in the investigated association. Additional studies, with uniform criteria to effect the adjustments in the regression models and sufficient samples, are required to inquire this dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernando Boing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis SC.
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Luo J, Hendryx M, Ducatman A. Association between six environmental chemicals and lung cancer incidence in the United States. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 2011:463701. [PMID: 21776439 PMCID: PMC3136160 DOI: 10.1155/2011/463701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of lung cancer has been observed at exposure to certain industrial chemicals in occupational settings; however, less is known about their carcinogenic potential to the general population when those agents are released into the environment. METHODS We used the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to conduct an ecological study at the county level. We used multiple linear regression to assess the association of age-adjusted lung cancer incidence with the quantities of on-site air and water releases of six selected industrial chemicals including arsenic, 1,3 butadiene, cadmium, chromium, formaldehyde, and nickel after controlling for other risk variables. RESULTS Overall, we observed a significantly increased risk of lung cancer incidence associated with releases of chromium, formaldehyde, and nickel. The links were present for both males and females. Significant effects were present in nonmetropolitan but not metropolitan counties. Releases of arsenic, 1,3 butadiene, and cadmium were reported by small numbers of facilities, and no relationships to lung cancer incidence were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that environmental exposure to chromium, formaldehyde, and nickel from TRI sites may increase population risk of lung cancer. These findings need to be confirmed in individual-level studies, but in congruence with the precautionary principle in environmental science, support prudent efforts to limit release of these agents into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Agostini M, de Vocht F, van Tongeren M, Cherrie JW, Galea KS, Kromhout H. Exposure to rubber process dust and fume since 1970s in the United Kingdom; influence of origin of measurement data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 12:1170-8. [PMID: 21491636 DOI: 10.1039/b923497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare measured concentrations of rubber process dust and rubber fume originating from different sources in the British rubber manufacturing industry. Almost 8000 exposure measurements were obtained from industry-based survey results collected by the British Rubber Manufacturers' Association (BRMA), and covering the years 1977 to 2002, and from a series of small surveys contained in the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) National Exposure Database (HSE-NEDB) from 1980 to 2002. The analysis investigated temporal trends in the exposure concentrations and the underlying main factors responsible for these changes. Analyses were carried out using hierarchical linear mixed effects models. Average personal exposures to rubber process dust and rubber fumes were respectively a factor 2 and 4 higher for the HSE-NEDB data when compared to data originating from the industry (BRMA data). Personal exposure to rubber process dust decreased on average by 4.1% (95% CI 4.7-3.6) annually for the BRMA data and slightly less at 2.3% (95% CI 5.2-0.7%) per annum for the HSE-NEDB data. Personal exposure to rubber fume also showed a downward temporal trend of 2.9% (95% CI 3.6-2.3%) and 4.8% (95% CI 7.4-2.1%) annually for the BRMA and HSE-NEDB data, respectively. These trends differed considerably between departments. No major changes in the estimated temporal trends in exposure concentrations were observed after including the presence of local exhaust ventilation in the models for any department in the BRMA and HSE-NEDB datasets. Lack of information on the quality and status of the local exhaust ventilation is the most likely explanation for this. In conclusion, even though there were relatively similar downward time trends in both rubber process dust and fume concentrations in both datasets, the source of exposure data was an important determinant of average exposure concentrations present in the British rubber manufacturing industry. Lack of detailed auxiliary information on company size, reason for sampling, measurement strategy and other potentially important determinants of exposure prevented an explanation for the observed differences in exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Agostini
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kim TW, Koh DH, Park CY. Decision tree of occupational lung cancer using classification and regression analysis. Saf Health Work 2010; 1:140-8. [PMID: 22953174 PMCID: PMC3430888 DOI: 10.5491/shaw.2010.1.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining the work-relatedness of lung cancer developed through occupational exposures is very difficult. Aims of the present study are to develop a decision tree of occupational lung cancer. METHODS 153 cases of lung cancer surveyed by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) from 1992-2007 were included. The target variable was whether the case was approved as work-related lung cancer, and independent variables were age, sex, pack-years of smoking, histological type, type of industry, latency, working period and exposure material in the workplace. The Classification and Regression Test (CART) model was used in searching for predictors of occupational lung cancer. RESULTS In the CART model, the best predictor was exposure to known lung carcinogens. The second best predictor was 8.6 years or higher latency and the third best predictor was smoking history of less than 11.25 pack-years. The CART model must be used sparingly in deciding the work-relatedness of lung cancer because it is not absolute. CONCLUSION We found that exposure to lung carcinogens, latency and smoking history were predictive factors of approval for occupational lung cancer. Further studies for work-relatedness of occupational disease are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woo Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, Korea
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Popescu CR, Bertesteanu SVG, Mirea D, Grigore R, Ionescu D, Popescu B. The epidemiology of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer. J Med Life 2010; 3:396-401. [PMID: 21254737 PMCID: PMC3019060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus cancer represents a major issue for all countries of the world. The epidemiology of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer deals with the spread of the disease in the human population with regard to sex, age, profession, time and space, as well as risk factors that contribute to these phenomena. The main goal is to investigate the causes and the factors involved in the development of the tumors at the pharyngoesophageal junction, knowledge that contributes to the latest therapeutic assessment through interdisciplinary collaboration (E.N.T. surgeon, general surgeon, radiation oncologist, chemotherapist, and nutritionist). The epidemiology of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer includes three major areas of interest: descriptive (the study of the spread in mass population), analytical (the study of causal risk factors on the disease) and experimental (that verifies by experiments on animals the prior identified hypothesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- CR Popescu
- E.N.T. Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, BucharestRomania
| | - SVG Bertesteanu
- E.N.T. Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, BucharestRomania
| | - D Mirea
- E.N.T. Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, BucharestRomania
| | - R Grigore
- E.N.T. Department, University Emergency Clinical Hospital, BucharestRomania
| | - D Ionescu
- E.N.T. Department, University Emergency Clinical Hospital, BucharestRomania
| | - B Popescu
- E.N.T. Department, Coltea Clinical HospitalRomania
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García-Pérez J, López-Cima MF, Boldo E, Fernández-Navarro P, Aragonés N, Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B, López-Abente G. Leukemia-related mortality in towns lying in the vicinity of metal production and processing installations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:746-753. [PMID: 20576291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Releases to the environment of toxic substances stemming from industrial metal production and processing installations can pose a health problem to populations in their vicinity. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there might be excess leukemia-related mortality in populations residing in towns in the vicinity of Spanish metal industries included in the European Pollutant Emission Register. METHODS Ecologic study designed to examine mortality due to leukemia at a municipal level, during the period 1994-2003. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. Using Poisson regression models, we analyzed: risk of dying from leukemia in a 5-kilometer zone around installations which had become operational prior to 1990; effect of pollution discharge route and type of industrial activity; and risk gradient within a 50-kilometer radius of such installations. RESULTS Excess mortality (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) was detected in the vicinity of pre-1990 installations (1.07, 1.02-1.13 in men; 1.05, 1.00-1.11 in women), with this being more elevated in the case of installations that released pollution to air versus water. On stratifying by type of industrial activity, statistically significant associations were also observed among women residing in the vicinity of galvanizing installations (1.58, 1.09-2.29) and surface-treatment installations using an electrolytic or chemical process (1.34, 1.10-1.62), which released pollution to air. There was an effect whereby risk increased with proximity to certain installations. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association between risk of dying due to leukemia and proximity to Spanish metal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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de Vocht F, Sobala W, Wilczynska U, Kromhout H, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Peplonska B. Cancer mortality and occupational exposure to aromatic amines and inhalable aerosols in rubber tire manufacturing in Poland. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:94-102. [PMID: 19679054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Most data on carcinogenic risk in the rubber industry are based on data from Western countries. This study assessed cancer risks in a retrospective cohort in a Polish tire manufacturing plant, relying on quantified exposure to inhalable aerosols and aromatic amines instead of job titles or external comparisons. METHODS Cumulative exposure for all exposures was assigned to cohort members based on estimates from a company-specific JEM. Cancer risks associated with cumulative exposure adjusted for co-exposures, gender and year of birth were calculated. RESULTS Exposure levels were higher for women than for men. Aromatic amine exposure was significantly associated with increased urinary bladder cancer risk (RR=7.32-8.27), depending on exposure level, and prostate cancer at low levels only (RR=5.86). In women, increased risks were found for all cancers (RR=2.50) and of the digestive organs and peritoneum (RR=4.54) at low level only, while an exposure-response association with breast cancer risk was found. Inhalable aerosol exposure was associated with cancers of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts in a dose-dependent manner, while dose-dependent reduced risks were found for respiratory cancers (most notably the larynx) and cancer of the colon. CONCLUSIONS Increased risks for specific cancer sites in this rubber plant were similar to Western Europe and the US. However, several cancer risks were gender-specific which could relate to higher exposure levels in women or to differences in exposures to chemicals not assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank de Vocht
- School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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de Vocht F, Sobala W, Peplonska B, Wilczynska U, Gromiec J, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Kromhout H. Elaboration of a quantitative job-exposure matrix for historical exposure to airborne exposures in the Polish rubber industry. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51:852-60. [PMID: 18651573 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A job-exposure matrix (JEM) for inhalable aerosols, aromatic amines, and cyclohexane soluble matter (CSM) was elaborated based on measurements collected routinely between 1981 and 1996. METHODS The data were grouped based on similarities in exposure levels and time trends in different departments, and were analyzed using smoothing splines and mixed effects models. RESULTS Although higher than in western European countries, inhalable aerosol exposure decreased after changes in production volume and implementation of exposure reduction measures in mid-1980s. Aromatic amines concentrations first increased following the factory's production volume, but subsequently decreased in more recent years. CSM concentrations were uniformly distributed between departments. CONCLUSIONS This JEM provides an overview of historical exposure levels in a large Polish rubber factory and will enable estimation of lifetime exposure for individual workers in a Polish rubber workers cohort and further investigation of the associations between specific exposures and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Vocht
- Occupational & Environmental Health Research Group, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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McLean D, Mannetje A', Dryson E, Walls C, McKenzie F, Maule M, Cheng S, Cunningham C, Kromhout H, Boffetta P, Blair A, Pearce N. Leukaemia and occupation: a New Zealand Cancer Registry-based case-control Study. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 38:594-606. [PMID: 18953052 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between occupation and leukaemia. METHODS We interviewed 225 cases (aged 20-75 years) notified to the New Zealand Cancer Registry during 2003-04, and 471 controls randomly selected from the Electoral Roll collecting demographic details, information on potential confounders and a comprehensive employment history. Associations between occupation and leukaemia were analysed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity and smoking. RESULTS Elevated odds ratios (ORs) were observed in agricultural sectors including horticulture/fruit growing (OR: 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.51, 4.55), plant nurseries (OR: 7.51, 95% CI: 1.85, 30.38) and vegetable growing (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.40); and appeared greater in women (ORs: 4.71, 7.75 and 7.98, respectively). Elevated ORs were also observed in market farmers/crop growers (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.02), field crop/vegetable growers (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.46, 10.85), market gardeners (OR: 5.50, 95% CI: 1.59, 19.02), and nursery growers/workers (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.34, 13.35); also greater in women (ORs: 3.48, 7.62, 15.74 and 11.70, respectively). These elevated ORs were predominantly for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Several associations persisted after semi-Bayes adjustment. Elevated ORs were observed in rubber/plastics products machine operators (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.08, 13.08), predominantly in plastic product manufacturing. CLL was also elevated in tailors and dressmakers (OR: 7.01, 95% CI: 1.78, 27.68), cleaners (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 4.14) and builder's labourers (OR: 4.03, 95% CI: 1.30, 12.53). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest increased leukaemia risks associated with certain agricultural, manufacturing, construction and service occupations in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Multigner L, Ndong JR, Oliva A, Blanchet P. [Environmental pollutants and prostate cancer: epidemiological data]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:848-56. [PMID: 18693059 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. Studies have also been carried out on the role of exposure to trace metals, such as cadmium, or to pollutants from industry, such as polychlorobiphenyls. However, no firm conclusions have been drawn. Finally, the effect of chemical substances with endocrine disruptor activity on the occurrence of prostate cancer remains largely unexplored in epidemiological studies. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Multigner
- Inserm U625, université Rennes-1, avenue Général-Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
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Peters S, Talaska G, Jonsson BA, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure, Urinary Mutagenicity, and DNA Adducts in Rubber Manufacturing Workers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1452-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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