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Koc Yildirim E, Kaya M, Guler AG, Yildirim E, Ozturan YA, Uner AA. Beneficial effects of swimming and pomegranate juice in rats with hypertension: A possible role of serum adropin. Nutr Res 2024; 126:167-179. [PMID: 38759500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, characterized by persistent and uncontrolled high blood pressure, is one of the most common significant causes of mortality worldwide. Lifestyle modifications such as exercise and antioxidant intake have showed beneficial effects on hypertensive conditions. Adropin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have important vasoregulatory functions in the endothelium. However, the underlying mechanisms linking exercise- and/or antioxidant intake-mediated improvement of hypertension are not fully understood. In this study, it was hypothesized that swimming exercise and pomegranate juice (PJ) (as an antioxidant) administration might have protective effects on hypertension development and possible involvements of serum adropin and ET-1. To test the hypothesis, the rats with hypertension, induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, were subjected to swimming exercise and received PJ for 8 weeks. Weekly systolic and diastolic pressures, serum concentrations of adropin and ET-1, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in various tissues were measured. The obtained data show that swimming exercise leads to complete protection against hypertension within the 8-week duration, whereas the PJ administration causes an ameliorative effect. In addition, the combination of swimming exercise and PJ administration do not have additive effects in protection against hypertension. Notably, the 8-week swimming exercise restores the diminished serum adropin concentration in rats with hypertension to the control level. Serum adropin significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic pressures, depending on swimming exercise, but not PJ administration. Serum ET-1 concentration inconsistently fluctuates in response to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, swimming exercise, and PJ intake. In addition, swimming exercise and/or PJ administration lead to a complete normalization in liver malondialdehyde concentrations of rats with hypertension, whereas these interventions cause slight or no improvements in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, 8-week swimming exercise modulates hypertension, possibly by influencing adropin concentration and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Koc Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09000 Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Animal Science and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09000, Turkiye
| | - Asude Gulce Guler
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09000, Turkiye
| | - Edasu Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09000 Turkiye
| | - Yalcin Alper Ozturan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09000, Turkiye
| | - Aaron Aykut Uner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09000 Turkiye; Center for Hypothalamic Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ghasemi E, Cheraghbirjandi K. Investigating the Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Adropin, Endothelial Function, Insulin Resistance, and Sleep Quality in Overweight Older Adults (a Link With Physiological Indexes and Sleep Quality): Results of a Randomized Controlled Study. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38729619 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on adropin, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and sleep quality in overweight older adults. In this randomized controlled study, 40 overweight older adults were randomly divided into training and control groups. The multicomponent training program including aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was followed for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hr before and after the intervention. After 8 weeks of multicomponent training, adropin (p = .01), nitric oxide (p = .01), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; p = .002) increased, and glucose (p = .001), insulin (p = .001), insulin resistance (p = .01), systolic blood pressure (p = .01), and sleep disorders (p = .01) decreased significantly. Also, Pearson's test results showed a significant inverse relationship between adropin level (p = .01 and r = -.55) and glucose (p = .01 and r = -.51) with sleep disorders. It seems that multicomponent training increases adropin and improves insulin resistance, endothelial function, and sleep quality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemi
- Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kazem Cheraghbirjandi
- Department of Physical Education, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
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Aggarwal G, Morley JE, Vellas B, Nguyen AD, Butler AA. Low circulating adropin concentrations predict increased risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:897-911. [PMID: 37233882 PMCID: PMC10828274 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted peptide adropin is highly expressed in human brain tissues and correlates with RNA and proteomic risk indicators for dementia. Here we report that plasma adropin concentrations predict risk for cognitive decline in the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00672685; mean age 75.8y, SD = 4.5 years, 60.2% female, n = 452). Cognitive ability was evaluated using a composite cognitive score (CCS) that assessed four domains: memory, language, executive function, and orientation. Relationships between plasma adropin concentrations and changes in CCS (∆CCS) were examined using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression, or by grouping into tertiles ranked low to high by adropin values and controlling for age, time between baseline and final visits, baseline CCS, and other risk factors (e.g., education, medication, APOE4 status). Risk of cognitive decline (defined as a ∆CCS of - 0.3 or more) decreased with increasing plasma adropin concentrations (hazard ratio = 0.873, 95% CI 0.780-0.977, P = 0.018). Between adropin tertiles, ∆CCS was significantly different (P = 0.01; estimated marginal mean ± SE for the 1st to 3rd tertile, - 0.317 ± 0.064; - 0.275 ± 0.063; - 0.042 ± 0.071; n = 133,146, and 130, respectively; P < 0.05 for 1st vs. 2nd and 3rd adropin tertiles). Normalized plasma Aß42/40 ratio and plasma neurofilament light chain, indicators of neurodegeneration, were significantly different between adropin tertile. These differences were consistent with reduced risk of cognitive decline with higher plasma adropin levels. Overall, these results suggest cognitive decline is reduced in community-dwelling older adults with higher circulating adropin levels. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying causes of the relationship and whether increasing adropin levels can delay cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Aggarwal
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Liu X, Shao Y, Han L, Zhang R, Chen J. Emerging Evidence Linking the Liver to the Cardiovascular System: Liver-derived Secretory Factors. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1246-1255. [PMID: 37577236 PMCID: PMC10412704 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed hepatic mediators, termed as liver-derived secretory factors (LDSFs), play an important role in regulating CVDs such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, metabolic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. LDSFs presented here consisted of microbial metabolite, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and microRNA, they are primarily or exclusively synthesized and released by the liver, and have been shown to exert pleiotropic actions on cardiovascular system. LDSFs mainly target vascular endothelial cell, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and platelets, and further modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, endothelial function, energy metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dystrophic calcification. Although some LDSFs are known to be detrimental/beneficial, controversial findings were also reported for many. Therefore, more studies are required to further explore the causal relationships between LDSFs and CVDs and uncover the exact mechanisms, which is expected to extend our understanding of the crosstalk between the liver and cardiovascular system and identify potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, in the case of patients with liver disease, awareness should be given to the implications of these abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. These studies also underline the importance of early recognition and intervention of liver abnormalities in the practice of cardiovascular care, and a multidisciplinary approach combining hepatologists and cardiologists would be more preferable for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linjiang Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gunraj RE, Yang C, Liu L, Larochelle J, Candelario-Jalil E. Protective roles of adropin in neurological disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C674-C678. [PMID: 36717106 PMCID: PMC10027081 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a highly conserved secreted peptide encoded by the Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (Enho). It is expressed in many tissues throughout the body, including the liver and brain, and plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and regulating insulin sensitivity. Adropin also participates in several other pathophysiological processes of multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases. There is strong evidence of the protective effects of adropin in stroke, heart disease, aging, and other diseases. The peptide has been shown to reduce the risk of disease, attenuate histological alterations, and reduce cognitive decline associated with neurological disorders. Recent findings support its critical role in regulating endothelial cells and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent mechanism. Here we discuss current evidence of the protective effects of adropin in CNS diseases specifically involving the cerebrovasculature and highlight potential mechanisms through which the peptide exhibits these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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6
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Adropin increases with swimming exercise and exerts a protective effect on the brain of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111972. [PMID: 36216130 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adropin is a protein in the brain that decreases with age. Exercise has a protective effect on the endothelium by increasing the level of adropin in circulation. In this study, whether adropin, whose level in the brain decreases with age, may increase with swimming exercise, and exhibit a protective effect was investigated. Young and aged male Sprague Dawley rats were submitted to 1 h of swimming exercise every day for 8 weeks. Motor activity parameters were recorded at the end of the exercise or waiting periods before the animals were euthanized. Increased motor functions were observed in only the young rats that exercised regularly. Adropin levels in the plasma, and the adropin and VEGFR2 immunoreactivities and p-Akt (Ser473) levels in the frontal cortex were significantly increased in the aged rats that exercised regularly. It was also observed that the BAX/Bcl2 ratio and ROS-RNS levels decreased, while the TAC levels increased in the aged rats that exercised regularly. The results of the study indicated that low-moderate chronic swimming exercise had protective effects by increasing the level of adropin in the frontal cortex tissues of the aged rats. Adropin is thought to achieve this effect by increasing the VEGFR2 expression level and causing Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. These results indicated that an exercise-mediated increase in endogenous adropin may be effective in preventing the destructive effects of aging on the brain.
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Smith JA, Soares RN, McMillan NJ, Jurrissen TJ, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J, Manrique-Acevedo C. Young Women Are Protected Against Vascular Insulin Resistance Induced by Adoption of an Obesogenic Lifestyle. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac137. [PMID: 35974454 PMCID: PMC10233280 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular insulin resistance is a feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes that contributes to the genesis of vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. Data from preclinical models indicate that vascular insulin resistance is an early event in the disease course, preceding the development of insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues. Whether this is translatable to humans requires further investigation. To this end, we examined if vascular insulin resistance develops when young healthy individuals (n = 18 men, n = 18 women) transition to an obesogenic lifestyle that would ultimately cause whole-body insulin resistance. Specifically, we hypothesized that short-term (10 days) exposure to reduced ambulatory activity (from >10 000 to <5000 steps/day) and increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (6 cans/day) would be sufficient to prompt vascular insulin resistance. Furthermore, given that incidence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is lower in premenopausal women than in men, we postulated that young females would be protected against vascular insulin resistance. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report that after reduced ambulation and increased ingestion of carbonated beverages high in sugar, young healthy men, but not women, exhibited a blunted leg blood flow response to insulin and suppressed skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion. These findings were associated with a decrease in plasma adropin and nitrite concentrations. This is the first evidence in humans that vascular insulin resistance can be provoked by short-term adverse lifestyle changes. It is also the first documentation of a sexual dimorphism in the development of vascular insulin resistance in association with changes in adropin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N Soares
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Neil J McMillan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Raczkowska E, Bienkiewicz M, Gajda R, Bronkowska M, Piotrowska E, Habánová M. Do Body Composition and Values of Selected Nutritional Status Indices Influence the Glycaemic Index Values of Vegetarian Dishes? A Pilot Study in a Group of Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9918. [PMID: 36011551 PMCID: PMC9408484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An ageing population brings with it the need for public policy to respond to the demands and health needs of this group of people. The ageing process has been shown to be associated with changes in body composition. These mainly concern a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat. Body composition and other indicators of nutritional status are important factors differentiating carbohydrate management. Glycaemic index (GI) values may be affected by differences resulting from individual metabolism. The rate of carbohydrate digestion is also influenced by a number of factors, including the degree to which the product is processed, the structure of the starch, and the presence of protein, fat and dietary fibre. Available studies do not provide information on the glycaemic response following the consumption of specific products by older people with varying BMI and body composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the body mass index (BMI) values of women aged 50-80 years on the glycaemic response after eating vegetarian meals and the influence of selected indices of nutritional status on their GI values. It has been shown that the areas under the glycaemic curves after the consumption of the tested foods, both traditional and modified, are higher in the group of overweight and obese women. Nevertheless, the GI of meals consumed by those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 is lower than that of foods consumed by women with normal values of this index. In the group of women with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, on the basis of an analysis of the obtained correlations, it was observed that the GI value of modified products depends on the percentage of body fat (FM%) (p = 0.0363) and the percentage of fat free mass (FFM%) (p = 0.0363), and, in the case of traditional products, also on the percentage of total body water (%) (p = 0.0133). In the group of women with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, significant correlations were only found between the GI of modified foods and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.0363) and the ratio of waist circumference to height (WHtR) (p = 0.0369) indices. The GI values of food set solely with the participation of young, healthy people should not be the basis for the nutrition planning of all groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Bienkiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Gajda
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Habánová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
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Davoodi M, Hesamabadi BK, Ariabood E, Izadi MR, Afousi AG, Bigi MAB, Asvadi-Fard M, Gaeini AA. Improved blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation via increased plasma adropin and NOx induced by high-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:813-824. [PMID: 35710102 DOI: 10.1113/ep089371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Exercise training increases adropin and NOx plasma levels in middle-aged and older healthy people. We hypothesized that high-intensity interval training may improve blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation through the effects of adropin and NOx in patients of this age with type 2 diabetes. What is the main finding and its importance? High-intensity interval training may be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training in improving endothelial function, blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation through its effects on adropin and NOx in patients with type 2 diabetes. ABSTRACT Adropin is a newly identified bioactive protein that is important in energy hemostasis and vascular endothelial function. Lower levels of adropin in patients with type 2 diabetes are related to coronary atherosclerosis, characterized by impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate FMD, and plasma levels of adropin and nitrite/nitrate (NOx), in patients with type 2 diabetes at baseline and follow-up after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Sixty-six persons with type 2 diabetes were divided into HIIT, MICT and control groups. The HIIT group intervention was 12 intervals (1.5 min) at 85% to 90% maximal heart rate (HRmax ) separated by 2 min at 55% to 60% HRmax in 3 session per week for 12 weeks. MICT training consisted of 42 min of cycling at 70% HRmax . Before and after the intervention, FMD was recorded with high-resolution Doppler ultrasound. Plasma levels of adropin and NOx were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After training FMD was significantly higher in the MICT and HIIT groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Plasma levels of adropin and NOx were higher in both exercise groups, but the increase was greater in the HIIT group (P<0.01). Peak oxygen consumption was increased after exercise training in both groups compared to the control group (P<0.01). Percent FMD showed a positive correlation with plasma levels of adropin and NOx (both P<0.01), and a negative correlation with DBP (r = -0.530, P = 0.035) and SBP (r = -0.606, P = 0.013) in the HIIT group. The results indicate that HIIT improved FMD whilst increasing adropin, NOx and peak oxygen consumption. Increased plasma levels of adropin may contribute, in part, to blood pressure reduction by increasing nitric oxide production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erfaneh Ariabood
- Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Izadi
- Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghardashi Afousi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran
| | | | - Maryam Asvadi-Fard
- Department of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Soori R, Amini AA, Choobineh S, Eskandari A, Behjat A, Ghram A, Voltarelli FA. Exercise attenuates myocardial fibrosis and increases angiogenesis-related molecules in the myocardium of aged rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1-6. [PMID: 31475581 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1660370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two different exercise training protocols on myocardial fibrosis and the expression of some growth factors in aged rats. METHOD Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group, continuous exercise training (CET) group, and the control group. After 6 weeks of experiment, mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), adropin proteins, and myocardial fibrosis were assessed. RESULTS HIIT and CET induced a significant increase in the FGF-2 and adropin and a decrease in the myocardial fibrosis in compared with the control group. HIIT induced a significant increase in the VEGF if compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between CET and control group. CONCLUSION Six weeks of HIIT and CET attenuated age-related myocardial fibrosis thereby an increase in angiogenesis-related molecules in cardiac and endothelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Soori
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siroos Choobineh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Eskandari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Behjat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amine Ghram
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Background: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a noninvasive approach to examine endothelial function. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on FMD and circulating levels of adropin and nitric oxide (NO) in females with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Thirty females with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into two equal groups of HIIT and control. The exercise program consisted of three sessions a week for 12 weeks. Each training session included 4 × 4-minute running intervals at 85 - 95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) with 3-minute active recoveries at 50 - 60% of HRmax. Circulating levels of adropin, NO, glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, as well as lipid profile, and body composition parameters were measured before and after the intervention. Results: A significant increase of FMD% was observed after the intervention in the HIIT group (P = 0.001). In addition, the circulation levels of adropin and NO enhanced as a result of HIIT (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). There were also significant positive effects on the levels of lipid profile (except for HDL), FBS, and HbA1c; as well as on the insulin resistance and the body composition variables. There were no significant changes in the control group except an increase in the total cholesterol levels (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The results showed that 12 weeks of the HIIT program could improve the endothelial function, glucose-related indices, lipid profile, and body composition variables in females with type 2 diabetes.
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12
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Adropin correlates with aging-related neuropathology in humans and improves cognitive function in aging mice. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 34462439 PMCID: PMC8405681 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural functions of adropin, a secreted peptide highly expressed in the brain, have not been investigated. In humans, adropin is highly expressed in astrocytes and peaks during critical postnatal periods of brain development. Gene enrichment analysis of transcripts correlating with adropin expression suggests processes relevant to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases that vary with age and dementia state, possibly indicating survivor bias. In people aged <40 y and 'old-old' (>75 y) diagnosed with dementia, adropin correlates positively with genes involved in mitochondrial processes. In the 'old-old' without dementia adropin expression correlates positively with morphogenesis and synapse function. Potent neurotrophic responses in primary cultured neurons are consistent with adropin supporting the development and function of neural networks. Adropin expression in the 'old-old' also correlates positively with protein markers of tau-related neuropathologies and inflammation, particularly in those without dementia. How variation in brain adropin expression affects neurological aging was investigated using old (18-month) C57BL/6J mice. In mice adropin is expressed in neurons, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia and shows correlative relationships with groups of genes involved in neurodegeneration and cellular metabolism. Increasing adropin expression using transgenesis improved spatial learning and memory, novel object recognition, resilience to exposure to new environments, and reduced mRNA markers of inflammation in old mice. Treatment with synthetic adropin peptide also reversed age-related declines in cognitive functions and affected expression of genes involved in morphogenesis and cellular metabolism. Collectively, these results establish a link between adropin expression and neural energy metabolism and indicate a potential therapy against neurological aging.
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13
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Ziarniak K, Dudek M, Matuszewska J, Bijoch Ł, Skrzypski M, Celichowski J, Sliwowska JH. Two weeks of moderate intensity locomotor training increased corticosterone concentrations but did not alter the number of adropin-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus of diabetic type 2 and control rats. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151751. [PMID: 34229193 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adropin (ADR) plays a role in metabolism regulation and its alterations in obesity and diabetes have been found. Treatment with ADR was beneficial in metabolic diseases, and physical exercise increased ADR concentrations in obese patients. However, data on the distribution of ADR in the brain are sparse. The role of metabolic status and physical exercise on its expression in the brain is undiscovered. We hypothesized that diabetes type 2 (DM2) and/or exercise will alter number of ADR-immunoractive (-ir) cells in the rat brain. Animals were divided into groups: diabetes type 2 (receiving high-fat diet and injections of streptozotocin) and control (fed laboratory chow diet; C). Rats were further divided into: running group (2 weeks of forced exercise on a treadmill) and non-running group. Body mass, metabolic and hormonal profiles were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was run to study ADR-ir cells in the brain. We found that: 1) in DM2 animals, running decreased insulin and increased glucose concentrations; 2) in C rats, running decreased insulin concentrations and had no effect on glucose concentration in blood; 3) running increased corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in DM2 and C rats; 4) ADR-ir cells were detected in the hippocampus and ADR-ir fibers in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is a novel location; 5) metabolic status and running, however, did not change number of these cells. We concluded that 2 weeks of forced moderate intensity locomotor training induced stress response present as increased concentration of CORT and did not influence number of ADR-ir cells in the brain.
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14
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Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Horii N, Uchida M, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Maeda S, Iemitsu M. Aerobic Exercise Restores Aging-Associated Reductions in Arterial Adropin Levels and Improves Adropin-Induced Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasorelaxation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020641. [PMID: 33938228 PMCID: PMC8200711 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Adropin is a peptide hormone that promotes nitric oxide (NO) production via activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. Its circulating levels are reduced with aging and increased with aerobic exercise training (AT). Using a mouse model, we hypothesized that AT restores aging-associated reductions in arterial and circulating adropin and improves adropin-induced NO-dependent vasorelaxation. Further, we hypothesized these findings would be consistent with data obtained in elderly humans. Methods and Results In the animal study, 50-week-old SAMP1 male mice that underwent 12 weeks of voluntary wheel running, or kept sedentary, were studied. A separate cohort of 25-week-old SAMP1 male mice were used as a mature adult sedentary group. In the human study, 14 healthy elderly subjects completed an 8-week AT program consisting of 45 minutes of cycling 3 days/week. In mice, we show that advanced age is associated with a decline in arterial and circulating levels of adropin along with deterioration of endothelial function, arterial NO production, and adropin-induced vasodilation. All these defects were restored by AT. Moreover, AT-induced increases in arterial adropin were correlated with increases in arterial eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. Consistently with these findings in mice, AT in elderly subjects enhanced circulating adropin levels and these effects were correlated with increases in circulating nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and endothelial function. Conclusions Changes in arterial adropin that occur with age or AT relate to alterations in endothelial function and NO production, supporting the notion that adropin should be considered a therapeutic target for vascular aging. Registration URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp; Unique identifier: UMIN000035520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri MO
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Sports Medicine for Health Promotion Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri MO.,Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri MO
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri MO.,Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri MO
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
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15
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Yang W, Liu L, Wei Y, Fang C, Liu S, Zhou F, Li Y, Zhao G, Guo Z, Luo Y, Li L. Exercise suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice with diet-induced NASH: a plausible role of adropin. J Transl Med 2021; 101:369-380. [PMID: 33268842 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which can be triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. Exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH. However, whether exercise prevents NLRP3 activation in NASH has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or methionine and choine-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH and explored whether adropin, a metabolic peptide hormone shown to inhibit inflammation, mediates an exercise-induced benefit against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exercise alleviated diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, exercise significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, decreased Caspase-1 enzymatic activity, normalized IL-1β production, and suppressed ROS overproduction in HFD-fed and MCD diet-fed mice. The exercise-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition was accompanied by increased adropin levels. Moreover, serum adropin levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-1β levels. We further explored the effect of adropin on the NLRP3 inflammasome in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Although adropin treatment did not significantly decrease the levels of all inflammasome components, it reduced the active Caspase-1 level, decreased Caspase-1 activity and downregulated IL-1β expression in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) treated with PA. Moreover, ROS levels in PA-stimulated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were reduced upon adropin treatment. In summary, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome activation was associated with adropin induction, resulting in NASH improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangming Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Badawy E, El-laithy NA, Morsy SM, Ashour MN, Elias TR, Masoud MM, Aly O. Role of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA, and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, and irisin in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exercise benefits a variety of organ systems in mammals, and some of the best recognized effects of exercise on muscle are mediated by the transcriptional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-α (PGC-1α). The regulatory effect of swimming on muscle PGC-1α, FNDC5 mRNA expression, and subsequently irisin levels is more controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of swimming as an exercise on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator1 alpha (PGC-1α) and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA in skeletal muscle and assessment of serum omentin, adropin, irisin, and PGC-1α levels in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obesity in rats. Sixty male albino rats are randomly divided into 4 groups (15 rats/group). In the first group (control), rats are fed with standard diet. The 2nd group (cont + swim) is fed on standard diet and made swimming exercise. The 3rd group of rats is fed on HCHF, whereas in the 4th group (HCHF + swim) is also fed on HCHF diet and made swimming exercise for 20 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, omentin, irisin, adropin, and PGC-1α were measured. Also, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are extracted and purified from muscle tissue samples measured by PCR test.
Results
Our results showed significant increase in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, and triglycerides with significant decrease in omentin, irisin, adropin, PGC-1α, and HDL in HCHF group as compared to the control group. These results improved after exercise in all parameter in HCHF + swim group compare to HCHF group. Also, there was inverse correlation between omentin and fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in HCHF + swim group.
Conclusions
It concluded that swimming exercise improved all the above measured parameters in serum and tissues which might have been promising for the prevention of metabolic diseases.
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17
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Inoue K, Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Horii N, Uchida M, Iemitsu K, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced irisin secretion is associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness via nitric oxide production in adults with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:715-722. [PMID: 31860334 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether muscle-derived irisin secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial nitric oxide (NO) productivity in obesity. In animal study, 16 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups: sedentary control (OLETF-CON) and 8-week aerobic treadmill training (OLETF-EX) groups. In human study, 15 subjects with obesity completed 8-week aerobic exercise training for 45 min at 60%-70% peak oxygen uptake intensity for 3 days/week. As a result of animal study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was decreased, and arterial phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), circulating levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and irisin, and muscle messenger RNA expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) were increased in the OLETF-EX group compared with OLETF-CON group. In a human study, regular aerobic exercise reduced cfPWV and elevated circulating levels of NOx and irisin. Furthermore, change in circulating irisin levels by regular exercise was positively correlated with circulating NOx levels and was negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training-induced increase in irisin secretion may be related to reduction of arterial stiffness achieved by NO production via activated arterial AMPK-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway in obesity. Novelty Aerobic exercise training promoted irisin secretion with upregulation of muscle Fndc5 gene expression in rats with obesity. Irisin affected the activation of arterial AMPK-Akt-eNOS signaling by aerobic exercise training. Increased serum irisin level by aerobic exercise training was associated with reduction of arterial stiffness in obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The reduction of body mass after bariatric surgery affects energy metabolism and may involve changes in irisin, preptin, and adropin production. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-five morbidly obese patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 45.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2 were treated with either laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(n = 30) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (n = 25). Forty-six (83.6%) were followed-up 6 months after surgery. The control group included 15 healthy non-obese participants. Anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, HbA1c, and serum irisin, preptin, and adropin were assessed at baseline and on follow-up. RESULTS The serum concentrations of all three peptides were higher at 6 months than at baseline but only irisin (p = 0.02) and adropin (p = 0.000001) were significantly higher. The increase in preptin was borderline significant (p = 0.051). Changes of serum concentrations of all three peptides were bidirectional. CONCLUSION Body mass reduction resulting from bariatric procedures may change the production of energy regulating peptides, but not always in a favorable manner.
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19
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Sato K, Yamashita T, Shirai R, Shibata K, Okano T, Yamaguchi M, Mori Y, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Adropin Contributes to Anti-Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1293. [PMID: 29701665 PMCID: PMC5983814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a peptide hormone expressed in liver and brain, is known to improve insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Serum levels of adropin are negatively associated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, it remains unknown whether adropin could modulate atherogenesis. We assessed the effects of adropin on inflammatory molecule expression and human THP1 monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), foam cell formation in THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages, and the migration and proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro and atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice in vivo. Adropin was expressed in THP1 monocytes, their derived macrophages, HASMCs, and HUVECs. Adropin suppressed tumor necrosis factor α-induced THP1 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs, which was associated with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 downregulation in HUVECs. Adropin shifted the phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 rather than pro-inflammatory M1 via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ upregulation during monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Adropin had no significant effects on oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in macrophages. In HASMCs, adropin suppressed the migration and proliferation without inducing apoptosis via ERK1/2 and Bax downregulation and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/Bcl2 upregulation. Chronic administration of adropin to Apoe-/- mice attenuated the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, with reduced the intra-plaque monocyte/macrophage infiltration and smooth muscle cell content. Thus, adropin could serve as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Okano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Maho Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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20
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Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Horii N, Uchida M, Kurihara T, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced changes in serum C1q/TNF-related protein levels are associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R94-R101. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells, and body fat loss by aerobic exercise training promotes adiponectin secretion. Recently, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) have been identified as novel adipokines and are paralogs of adiponectin, but the association between exercise training-induced reduction of arterial stiffness and circulating CTRPs levels remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults is associated with the change in serum levels of CTRPs induced by exercise training. A total of 52 middle-aged and older participants were randomly divided into two groups: a training group ( n = 26) and a sedentary control group ( n = 26). Participants in the training group completed 8 wk of aerobic exercise training (60–70% peak oxygen uptake for 45 min, 3 days/wk). The reduction of percent whole body fat, abdominal visceral fat area, and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater in the training group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 from baseline to 8 wk was significantly higher in the training group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the training-induced change in cfPWV was negatively correlated with the training-induced change in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 levels ( r = −0.51, r = −0.48, r = −0.42, respectively, P < 0.05), and increased plasma nitrite/nitrate level by exercise training was correlated only with adiponectin levels ( r = 0.41, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the exercise training-induced increase in serum CTRPs levels may be associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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21
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Zhang H, Jiang L, Yang YJ, Ge RK, Zhou M, Hu H, Liu H, Cui J, Li LL, Dong YF, Cheng XS, Chen R, Li P. Aerobic exercise improves endothelial function and serum adropin levels in obese adolescents independent of body weight loss. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17717. [PMID: 29255252 PMCID: PMC5735148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a secreted protein that regulates endothelial function. However, adropin levels in obese adolescent patients are currently uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association between plasma adropin levels and vascular endothelial function and investigated the effect of aerobic exercise in obese adolescents. A total of 45 obese adolescents and 20 controls (age 16-19 years) were included in our study. The obese adolescents received 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Serum adropin was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vascular reactive hyperemia indexes (RHIs) were obtained using Endo-PAT2000. Adropin levels and RHI were significantly lower in obese adolescents than in normal-weight adolescents. Adropin levels and RHI increased significantly independently of changes in body weight after an exercise intervention (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that adropin levels positively correlated with HDL-C levels (r = 0.389, P < 0.01) and RHI (r = 0.32, P < 0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the insulin resistance index (t = -3.301, P < 0.01) and HDL-C level (t = 2.620, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors of adropin levels. In addition, Δadropin (t = 3.261, P < 0.01) was an independent influencing factor of ΔRHI. Our findings suggest that adropin plays an important role in vascular endothelial function in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangdong Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Liling, 412200, Hunan Province, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ren-Kai Ge
- School of Physical Education, East China Jiaotong University, Sports Fitness Research Center, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Physical Education, East China Jiaotong University, Sports Fitness Research Center, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Le-Liang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Shu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Physical Education, East China Jiaotong University, Sports Fitness Research Center, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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