1
|
Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Briassoulis G, Briassoulis P, Ilia S, Miliaraki M, Briassouli E. The Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Necroptotic Role of Zinc in COVID-19 and Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1942. [PMID: 38001795 PMCID: PMC10669546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a structural component of proteins, functions as a catalytic co-factor in DNA synthesis and transcription of hundreds of enzymes, and has a regulatory role in protein-DNA interactions of zinc-finger proteins. For many years, zinc has been acknowledged for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. Furthermore, zinc is a potent inhibitor of caspases-3, -7, and -8, modulating the caspase-controlled apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years, the immunomodulatory role of zinc in sepsis and COVID-19 has been investigated. Both sepsis and COVID-19 are related to various regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis and necroptosis. Lack of zinc may have a negative effect on many immune functions, such as oxidative burst, cytokine production, chemotaxis, degranulation, phagocytosis, and RCD. While plasma zinc concentrations decline swiftly during both sepsis and COVID-19, this reduction is primarily attributed to a redistribution process associated with the inflammatory response. In this response, hepatic metallothionein production increases in reaction to cytokine release, which is linked to inflammation, and this protein effectively captures and stores zinc in the liver. Multiple regulatory mechanisms come into play, influencing the uptake of zinc, the binding of zinc to blood albumin and red blood cells, as well as the buffering and modulation of cytosolic zinc levels. Decreased zinc levels are associated with increasing severity of organ dysfunction, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality in septic and COVID-19 patients. Results of recent studies focusing on these topics are summarized and discussed in this narrative review. Existing evidence currently does not support pharmacological zinc supplementation in patients with sepsis or COVID-19. Complementation and repletion should follow current guidelines for micronutrients in critically ill patients. Further research investigating the pharmacological mechanism of zinc in programmed cell death caused by invasive infections and its therapeutic potential in sepsis and COVID-19 could be worthwhile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Briassoulis
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Briassoulis
- Second Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Marianna Miliaraki
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Efrossini Briassouli
- Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fajardo-Orduña GR, Ledesma-Martínez E, Aguiñiga-Sanchez I, Weiss-Steider B, Santiago-Osorio E. Role of SIRT1 in Chemoresistant Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14470. [PMID: 37833921 PMCID: PMC10573076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias of the AML, CML, and CLL types are the most common blood cancers worldwide, making them a major global public health problem. Furthermore, less than 24% of patients treated with conventional chemotherapy (low-risk patients) and 10-15% of patients ineligible for conventional chemotherapy (high-risk patients) survive five years. The low levels of survival are mainly due to toxicity and resistance to chemotherapy or other medication, the latter leading to relapse of the disease, which is the main obstacle to the treatment of leukemia. Drug resistance may include different molecular mechanisms, among which epigenetic regulators are involved. Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is an epigenetic factor belonging to the sirtuin (SIRT) family known to regulate aspects of chromatin biology, genome stability, and metabolism, both in homeostasis processes and in different diseases, including cancer. The regulatory functions of SIRT1 in different biological processes and molecular pathways are dependent on the type and stage of the neoplasia; thus, it may act as both an oncogenic and tumor suppressor factor and may also participate in drug resistance. In this review, we explore the role of SIRT1 in drug-resistant leukemia and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rosario Fajardo-Orduña
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sanchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.R.F.-O.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 56410, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.R.F.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ajay Guru, Gokul Sudhakaran, S Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Boopathi Seenivasan, Mukesh Pasupulieti, Jesu Arockiaraj, Meivelu Moovendhan. Serine Threonine-Protein Kinase-Derived IW13 Improves Lipid Metabolism via C/EBP-α/SREBP1/FAS Signaling Pathways in HFD-Induced Zebrafish In Vivo Larval Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4851-4863. [PMID: 37079270 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to the development of major metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent research has focused on the molecular link between obesity and oxidative stress. Obesity impairs antioxidant function, resulting in dramatically increased reactive oxygen levels and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of IW13 peptide on inhibiting lipid accumulation and regulating the antioxidant mechanism to normalize the lipid metabolism in HFD induced zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that co-treatment with IW13 peptide showed a protective effect in HFD zebra fish larvae by increasing the survival and heart rate. However, IW13 peptide co-treatment reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels while also restoring the SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes. In addition, IW13 co-treatment inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion by regulating the glutathione level. Also, the results showed that IW13 specifically downregulated the expression of the lipogenic-specific genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and FAS). The findings exhibited that the IW13 peptide with effective antioxidant and anti-obesity activity could act as a futuristic drug to treat obesity and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupulieti
- Division of Molecular Immunology & Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Meivelu Moovendhan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Yan W, Tao M, Fu Y. NAD + Metabolism and Immune Regulation: New Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37371959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multifactorial systemic inflammatory immune response. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a co-enzyme involved in cell signaling and energy metabolism. Calcium homeostasis, gene transcription, DNA repair, and cell communication involve NAD+ and its degradation products. There is a growing recognition of the intricate relationship between inflammatory diseases and NAD+ metabolism. In the case of IBD, the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis relies on a delicate balance between NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption. Consequently, therapeutics designed to target the NAD+ pathway are promising for the management of IBD. This review discusses the metabolic and immunoregulatory processes of NAD+ in IBD to examine the molecular biology and pathophysiology of the immune regulation of IBD and to provide evidence and theoretical support for the clinical use of NAD+ in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meihui Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pratelli G, Di Liberto D, Carlisi D, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, Notaro A, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, D’Anneo A, Lauricella M. Hypertrophy and ER Stress Induced by Palmitate Are Counteracted by Mango Peel and Seed Extracts in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065419. [PMID: 36982490 PMCID: PMC10048994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in saturated fatty acids (FAs) has been correlated with metabolic dysfunction and ROS increase in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Thus, reducing hypertrophy and oxidative stress in adipose tissue can represent a strategy to counteract obesity and obesity-related diseases. In this context, the present study showed how the peel and seed extracts of mango (Mangifera indica L.) reduced lipotoxicity induced by high doses of sodium palmitate (PA) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mango peel (MPE) and mango seed (MSE) extracts significantly lowered PA-induced fat accumulation by reducing lipid droplet (LDs) and triacylglycerol (TAGs) content in adipocytes. We showed that MPE and MSE activated hormone-sensitive lipase, the key enzyme of TAG degradation. In addition, mango extracts down-regulated the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ as well as activated AMPK with the consequent inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC). Notably, PA increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78, PERK and CHOP, as well as enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in adipocytes. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, MPE and MSE counteracted PA-induced lipotoxicity by reducing ER stress markers and ROS production. In addition, MPE and MSE increased the level of the anti-oxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and its targets MnSOD and HO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of mango extract-enriched foods in association with a correct lifestyle could exert beneficial effects to counteract obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123865854
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The effects of N-acetylcysteine administration on metabolic status and serum adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
8
|
Caudet J, Trelis M, Cifre S, Tapia G, Soriano JM, Rodrigo R, Merino-Torres JF. Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2090. [PMID: 36358463 PMCID: PMC9686585 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of obesity comprises subjects with totally different phenotypes and metabolic profiles. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress derived from the white adipose tissue are suggested as the link between this disease and the development of insulin resistance and metabolic comorbidities. The presence of unicellular eukaryotic parasites colonizing the human gut ecosystem is a common circumstance, and yet their influence on the inflammatory and redox status of the obese host has not been assessed. Herein, a set of inflammatory and redox biomarkers were assessed together with a parasitological analysis of 97 severely obese subjects. Information was also collected on insulin resistance and on the antioxidant composition of the diet. The global prevalence of intestinal unicellular parasites was 49.5%, with Blastocystis sp. the most prevalent protozoan found (42.3%). Colonized subjects displayed a higher total antioxidant capacity and a trend towards higher extracellular superoxide dismutase activity, regardless of their insulin resistance status, along with lower reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios in plasma in the insulin-resistant subgroup. No changes in malondialdehyde levels, or in inflammatory cytokines in plasma, were found in regard to the colonization status. In conclusion, enteric eukaryotic unicellular parasites may play an important role in modulating the antioxidant defenses of an obese host, thus could have beneficial effects with respect to the development of systemic metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Caudet
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Trelis
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Parasite & Health Research Group, Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Cifre
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Tapia
- Parasite & Health Research Group, Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases, CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Merino-Torres
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe-University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emerging Role of Nicotinamide Riboside in Health and Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193889. [PMID: 36235542 PMCID: PMC9571518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has gained the most attention as a potent NAD+-enhancement agent. This recently discovered vitamin, B3, has demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy profiles and is orally bioavailable in humans. Boosting intracellular NAD+ concentrations using NR has been shown to provide protective effects against a broad spectrum of pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and hearing loss. In this review, an integrated overview of NR research will be presented. The role NR plays in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway will be introduced, followed by a discussion on the synthesis of NR using chemical and enzymatic approaches. NR’s effects on regulating normal physiology and pathophysiology will also be presented, focusing on the studies published in the last five years.
Collapse
|
10
|
Panic A, Stanimirovic J, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Isenovic ER. Oxidative stress in obesity and insulin resistance. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since obesity is one of the main factors in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and is also associated with increased oxidative stress (OxS) rate, this study aims to review the published literature to collate and provide a comprehensive summary of the studies related to the status of the OxS in the pathogenesis of obesity and related IR. OxS represents an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species (RONS) and the capacity of the antioxidant defense system (AOS) to neutralize RONS. A steady-state of RONS level is maintained through endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic AOS components. Three crucial enzymes, which suppress the formation of free radicals, are superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases. The second line of AOS includes non-enzymatic components such as vitamins C and E, coenzyme Q, and glutathione which neutralizes free radicals by donating electrons to RONS. Emerging evidence suggests that high RONS levels contribute to the progression of OxS in obesity by activating inflammatory pathways and thus leading to the development of pathological states, including IR. In addition, decreased level of AOS
components in obesity increases the susceptibility to oxidative tissue damage and further progression of its comorbidities. Increased OxS in accumulated adipose tissue should be an imperative target for developing new therapies in obesity-related IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Panic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VIN�A Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VIN�A Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VIN�A Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VIN�A Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gheitasi I, Savari F, Akbari G, Mohammadi J, Fallahzadeh AR, Sadeghi H. Molecular Mechanisms of Hawthorn Extracts in Multiple Organs Disorders in Underlying of Diabetes: A Review. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:2002768. [PMID: 35711333 PMCID: PMC9197671 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important metabolic disorders associated with chronic hyperglycemia and occurs when the body cannot manage insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance are the major pathophysiological factors of types 1 and 2 of DM, respectively. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to multiple organs dysfunctions, including nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, gastropathy, and micro- and macrovascular disorders. The basis of the metabolic abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein in diabetes is insufficient action of insulin on various target tissues. Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive chemical compounds with therapeutic effects. The beneficial effects of leaves, fruits, and flowers extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha, commonly called hawthorn, belonging to the Rosaceae family, are widely used as hawthorn-derived medicines. Data in this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scientific Information Database from 2000 to 2021. Based on this review, hawthorn extracts appear both therapeutic and protective effects against diabetic-related complications in various organs through molecular mechanisms, such as decreasing triglyceride, cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein and increasing the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, decreasing malondialdehyde level, and attenuating tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and increasing the phosphorylation of glucose transporter 4, insulin receptor substrate 1, AKT and phosphoinositide 3-kinases, and attenuating blood sugar and regulation of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and improvement of histopathological changes in pancreatic beta cells. Collectively, hawthorn can be considered as one new target for the research and development of innovative drugs for the prevention or treatment of DM and related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izadpanah Gheitasi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Feryal Savari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Jamshid Mohammadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fallahzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parra-Robert M, Zeng M, Shu Y, Fernández-Varo G, Perramón M, Desai D, Chen J, Guo D, Zhang X, Morales-Ruiz M, Rosenholm JM, Jiménez W, Puntes V, Casals E, Casals G. Mesoporous silica coated CeO 2 nanozymes with combined lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity induce long-term improvement of the metabolic profile in obese Zucker rats. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8452-8466. [PMID: 33984104 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important public health problems that is associated with an array of metabolic disorders linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. A sustained therapeutic approach to stop the escalating prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities remains elusive. Herein, we developed a novel nanocomposite based on mesoporous silica coated cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozymes that reduce the circulating levels of fatty acids and remarkably improve the metabolic phenotype in a model of obese Zucker rats five weeks after its administration. Lipidomic and gene expression analyses showed an amelioration of the hyperlipidemia and of the hepatic and adipose metabolic dysregulations, which was associated with a down-regulation of the hepatic PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway and a reduction of the M1 proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In addition, the coating of the CeO2 maximized its cell antioxidant protective effects and minimized non-hepatic biodistribution. The one-pot synthesis method for the nanocomposite fabrication is implemented entirely in aqueous solution, room temperature and open atmosphere conditions, favoring scalability and offering a safe and translatable lipid-lowering and antioxidant nanomedicine to treat metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity. This approach may be further applied to address other metabolic disorders related to hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Parra-Robert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gutiérrez-López L, Olivares-Corichi IM, Martínez-Arellanes LY, Mejía-Muñoz E, Polanco-Fierro JA, García-Sánchez JR. A moderate intensity exercise program improves physical function and oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111360. [PMID: 33878422 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The excess of body fat and muscle mass loss in adulthood results in sarcopenic obesity, which is associated with disability and poor physical condition. A relationship among obesity, sarcopenia and oxidative stress also has been established. These aspects limit a good muscle function which is crucial in the independence of older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. This study had as objective to design a moderate intensity exercise program for older women with sarcopenic obesity, and to examine its effects on oxidative damage and physical function. We hypothesized that the exercise program will reduce oxidative damage and to improve the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS Thirty healthy women (68 ± 5.05 years old) and 30 women with sarcopenic obesity (68.06 ± 5.75 years old) from the Integral Development of the Family rest home participated in the evaluation. The participants underwent evaluations of body composition, physical fitness (timed up-and-go [TUG] test, reaction time, gait speed, flexibility and muscle strength) and oxidative stress (oxidative damage to lipid and protein as well as evaluation of the antioxidant system) before and after of moderate intensity exercise program. The program consisted of warm-up, flexibility; aerobic exercises of moderate intensity (VO2 max and HR max between 60% and 70%); isotonic exercises of low intensity with progressive weight (250 g of initial weight, with increase every two weeks until reaching 750 g of final weight) and global stretching at the end of each section. The program was monitored on a personal basis and undertaken three times a week over three months. RESULTS In both groups, the program induced a five-fold increase in muscle strength, an increase in flexibility and improvement of fragility parameters (TUG and gait speed) (P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, this exercise program decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defense (P ≤ 0.001) to a greater extent in the sarcopenic group. CONCLUSION It was concluded that moderate intensity exercise is an effective approach to promote changes in body composition, physical fitness and to reduce oxidative damage in older women with and without sarcopenic obesity. These findings might have important implications for the prevention or treatment of sarcopenic obesity in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gutiérrez-López
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ivonne M Olivares-Corichi
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Liliam Y Martínez-Arellanes
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mejía-Muñoz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José A Polanco-Fierro
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José R García-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mondal D, Narwani D, Notta S, Ghaffar D, Mardhekar N, Quadri SSA. Oxidative stress and redox signaling in CRPC progression: therapeutic potential of clinically-tested Nrf2-activators. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:96-124. [PMID: 35582006 PMCID: PMC9019181 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay regimen in patients with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa). However, the selection of androgen-independent cancer cells leads to castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aggressive phenotype of CRPC cells underscores the need to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to suppress CRPC outgrowth. Despite ADT, the activation of androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor continues via crosstalk with parallel signaling pathways. Understanding of how these signaling cascades are initiated and amplified post-ADT is lacking. Hormone deprivation can increase oxidative stress and the resultant reactive oxygen species (ROS) may activate both AR and non-AR signaling. Moreover, ROS-induced inflammatory cytokines may further amplify these redox signaling pathways to augment AR function. However, clinical trials using ROS quenching small molecule antioxidants have not suppressed CRPC progression, suggesting that more potent and persistent suppression of redox signaling in CRPC cells will be needed. The transcription factor Nrf2 increases the expression of numerous antioxidant enzymes and downregulates the function of inflammatory transcription factors, e.g., nuclear factor kappa B. We documented that Nrf2 overexpression can suppress AR-mediated transcription in CRPC cell lines. Furthermore, two Nrf2 activating agents, sulforaphane (a phytochemical) and bardoxolone-methyl (a drug in clinical trial) suppress AR levels and sensitize CRPC cells to anti-androgens. These observations implicate the benefits of potent Nrf2-activators to suppress the lethal signaling cascades that lead to CRPC outgrowth. This review article will address the redox signaling networks that augment AR signaling during PCa progression to CRPC, and the possible utility of Nrf2-activating agents as an adjunct to ADT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Mondal
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Devin Narwani
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Notta
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Dawood Ghaffar
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Nikhil Mardhekar
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| | - Syed S A Quadri
- Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elsamna ST, Suri P, Mir GS, Roden DF, Paskhover B. Re: Metabolic syndrome and postoperative thyroidectomy outcomes. Head Neck 2021; 43:1973-1974. [PMID: 33634514 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samer T Elsamna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pooja Suri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ghayoour S Mir
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dylan F Roden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of NAD + in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101195. [PMID: 33609766 PMCID: PMC7973386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme present in every living cell, is involved in a myriad of metabolic processes associated with cellular bioenergetics. For this reason, NAD+ is often studied in the context of aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Scope of review Cellular NAD+ depletion is associated with compromised adaptive cellular stress responses, impaired neuronal plasticity, impaired DNA repair, and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence has shown the efficacy of boosting NAD+ levels using NAD+ precursors in various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding into the role of NAD+ in aging and other pathologies and discusses potential therapeutic targets. Major conclusions An alteration in the NAD+/NADH ratio or the NAD+ pool size can lead to derailment of the biological system and contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and tumorigenesis. Due to the varied distribution of NAD+/NADH in different locations within cells, the direct role of impaired NAD+-dependent processes in humans remains unestablished. In this regard, longitudinal studies are needed to quantify NAD+ and its related metabolites. Future research should focus on measuring the fluxes through pathways associated with NAD+ synthesis and degradation. NAD+ regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response. NAD+ deterioration contributes to the progression of multiple metabolic disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside raise NAD+ levels in different tissues in preclinical models. Imaging studies on genetic models can illustrate the pathways of NAD+metabolism and their downstream functional effects. Human clinical trials to determine benefits of restoration of NAD+ by using NAD precursors are in progress.
Collapse
|
17
|
Purohith R, Nagalingaswamy NP, Shivananju NS. Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190619111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of
which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a
major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is
necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in
this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and
aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have
beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established
relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic
syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of
these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their
effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review
attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith
an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Purohith
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| | - Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| | - Nanjunda S. Shivananju
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Metere A, Graves CE, Pietraforte D, Casella G. The Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060168. [PMID: 32575419 PMCID: PMC7344505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of free radicals are present in the blood of obese patients. Free radicals are associated with endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, and neoplastic transformation, all conditions that are closely related to obesity. The purpose of our study was to determine whether bariatric surgery modifies the production of free radicals in obese patients. In total, 20 patients with morbid obesity, who were candidates for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and 18 controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress was studied in obese subjects before and after sleeve gastrectomy. The evaluation of oxidative stress was carried out on blood samples using electron paramagnetic resonance, a refined spectroscopic technique used to identify and quantify the major free radicals, such as •OH, O2•, ONOO-, and NO. Oxidative stress was higher in subjects with morbid obesity prior to surgery, compared to the controls (CP• 9.9 ± 0.3 µM vs. 5.8 ± 0.2 µM). After SG, values decreased to levels comparable to those of controls (CP• 5.4 ± 0.2 µM). Further analysis identified O2• as the main free radical responsible for the oxidative stress. Obesity is associated with an increased blood concentration of free radicals. The normalization of free radicals after sleeve gastrectomy highlights another important benefit of this bariatric surgery technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Metere
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire E. Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St. 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Casella
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao H, Wang X, Pang J, Li Q, Yang Y, Ling W. Anthocyanin supplementation improves anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in subjects with dyslipidemia. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101474. [PMID: 32179241 PMCID: PMC7078384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, one of the major plant bioactive substances, possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their dose-response relationship has remained unclear. The present study investigated the dose-response relationship of anthocyanins with oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with dyslipidemia. DESIGN and Participants: A total of 169 participants with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 43), anthocyanins 40 mg/day (n = 44), 80 mg/day (n = 40), or 320 mg/day (n = 42) groups. Urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum malonaldehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), UA (uric acid), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. RESULTS Anthocyanin supplementation (320 mg/day) for 6 weeks significantly improved T-SOD versus baseline (P < 0.05). A slight reduction in serum IL-6, TNF-α, and urine 8-iso-PGF2α from the baseline was observed at 12 weeks in the group receiving 40 mg/day anthocyanins. Anthocyanins (80 mg/day) significantly reduced serum IL-6 (-20%), TNF-α (-11%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-27%) versus baseline (P < 0.05). Moreover, 320 mg/day anthocyanin supplementation reduced serum IL-6 (-40%), TNF-α (-21%), MDA (-20%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-37%) and 8-OHdG (-36%) than 80 mg/day and 40 mg/day anthocyanins, P value < 0.05. Anthocyanin supplementation has dose-response relationships with decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-OHdG and MDA (P for trend, <0.05). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the changes in the urine 8-iso-PGF2α , 8-OHdG levels and serum IL-6 levels in subjects from anthocyanin groups after 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of anthocyanins for 12 weeks positively improved the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The evaluation of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in blood serum under obesity development and the consumption of aqueous kidney beans Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Our interest has focused on the investigation of the anti-obese potential of kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. In the course of the study, obesity development in rats was induced with high-calorie diet. Control and obese rats then have consumed with aqueous kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract during 6 weeks (200 mg/kg). Results show that the long-term consumption of P. vulgaris pods extract can lead to the reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance development. Furthermore, we saw a normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters and oxidative modification of protein due to the consumption of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. Our experimental data demonstrate the ability of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pod extracts to mitigate obesity development but the details of this mechanism remains to be not fully understood.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohamed DA, Mohamed RS, Fouda K. Anti-inflammatory potential of chia seeds oil and mucilage against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0236/jbcpp-2019-0236.xml. [PMID: 32134733 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may be useful in suppressing the incessant aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis. Chia seeds as a natural source of antioxidants help prevent several oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The current study was focused on arthritis combined with obesity and evaluated the validation of oil and mucilage extracted from chia seeds as anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals in obese and non-obese adjuvant arthritic rat model. Methods Chia seeds oil was extracted by pressing method, whereas the mucilage was extracted using water (50 °C for 30 min). Oil and freeze-dried mucilage were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects using 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Obesity was developed in rats after 8 weeks of feeding on high-fat high-sucrose diet; on the first day of the ninth week, chia seeds oil and mucilage were administrated for 21 days, and arthritis was induced either in obese or non-obese rats via the injection with Freund's complete adjuvant. Swelling of the paw was then measured. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, serum lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte catalase activity were determined. Results Results emphasized that arthritis with obesity resulted in the elevation of the swelling of the paw, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Chia seeds oil and mucilage, more promisingly the oil, attenuated TNF-α and the swelling of the paw, improved lipid profile, and diminished the oxidative stress both in obese and non-obese arthritic rats. Conclusions Results showed that chia seeds oil and mucilage exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doha A Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, 33 Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +201014196767
| | - Karem Fouda
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
l-Theanine attenuates liver aging by inhibiting advanced glycation end products in d-galactose-induced rats and reversing an imbalance of oxidative stress and inflammation. Exp Gerontol 2020; 131:110823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
Magnesium and vitamin C supplementation attenuates steroid-associated osteonecrosis in a rat model. Biomaterials 2020; 238:119828. [PMID: 32045781 PMCID: PMC7185815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based biometal attracts clinical applications due to its biodegradability and beneficial biological effects on tissue regeneration, especially in orthopaedics, yet the underlying anabolic mechanisms in relevant clinical disorders are lacking. The present study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg) and vitamin C (VC) supplementation for preventing steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) in a rat experimental model. In SAON rats, 50 mg/kg Mg, or 100 mg/kg VC, or combination, or water control was orally supplemented daily for 2 or 6 weeks respectively. Osteonecrosis was evaluated by histology. Serum Mg, VC, and bone turnover markers were measured. Microfil-perfused samples prepared for angiography and trabecular architecture were evaluated by micro-CT. Primary bone marrow cells were isolated from each group to evaluate their potentials in osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The mechanisms were tested in vitro. Histological evaluation showed SAON lesions in steroid treated groups. Mg and VC supplementation synergistically reduced the apoptosis of osteocytes and osteoclast number, and increased osteoblast surface. VC supplementation significantly increased the bone formation marker PINP, and the combination significantly decreased the bone resorption marker CTX. TNFα expression and oxidative injury were decreased in bone marrow in Mg/VC/combination group. Mg significantly increased the blood perfusion in proximal tibia and decreased the leakage particles in distal tibia 2 weeks after SAON induction. VC significantly elevated the osteoblast differentiation potential of marrow cells and improved the trabecular architecture. The combination supplementation significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation potential of marrow cells. In vitro study showed promoting osteoblast differentiation effect of VC, and anti-inflammation and promoting angiogenesis effect of Mg with underlying mechanisms. Mg and VC supplementation could synergistically alleviate SAON in rats, indicating great translational potentials of metallic minerals for preventing SAON.
Collapse
|
24
|
Vuolo MM, Lima GC, Batista ÂG, Carazin CBB, Cintra DE, Prado MA, Júnior MRM. Passion fruit peel intake decreases inflammatory response and reverts lipid peroxidation and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2019; 76:106-117. [PMID: 32033839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake and its effect against high-fat diet-induced obesity. PEPF is a source of fiber and phenolic compounds, which can decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, both linked to chronic inflammatory response and fat deposition in obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that PEPF intake could decrease inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress observed in obesity, leading to decrease of fatness and chronic inflammatory response. The aims of the study were to evaluate the lipid peroxidation, the expression of antioxidants enzymes, and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) according to the diets: control (based on AIN-93G), high-fat (HF, 35% fat w/w), and HF with PEPF (HFPF), and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. PEPF showed high dietary fiber content and bioactive compounds, such as ferulic acid, and β-carotene. PEPF intake was effective in reducing body weight gain (13.31%) and total body fat (22.58%). The lipid peroxidation in the liver and adipose tissue decreased in the HFPF group compared to HF-fed animals, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity and their expressions in the liver were higher in HFPF than HF. In addition, the PEPF intake decreased inflammatory cytokines in serum. These results suggest that PEPF intake decreases oxidative stress, possibly by the increase of antioxidant enzymes expression. Furthermore, PEPF decreases inflammatory response and protects from adiposity. Then, PEPF could act as an adjuvant to control of early parameters in obesity dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Morandi Vuolo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Nutrition School- Federal University of Goias, 227 st, Qd 68, S/N-Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia-GO, 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ângela Giovana Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões-RS, 98300-000, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Carazin
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, ZIP: 13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Alexandre Prado
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Demarest TG, Babbar M, Okur MN, Dan X, Croteau DL, Fakouri NB, Mattson MP, Bohr VA. NAD+Metabolism in Aging and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many types of cancer, and the molecular mechanisms implicated in aging, progeria syndromes, and cancer pathogenesis display considerable similarities. Maintaining redox homeostasis, efficient signal transduction, and mitochondrial metabolism is essential for genome integrity and for preventing progression to cellular senescence or tumorigenesis. NAD+is a central signaling molecule involved in these and other cellular processes implicated in age-related diseases and cancer. Growing evidence implicates NAD+decline as a major feature of accelerated aging progeria syndromes and normal aging. Administration of NAD+precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) offer promising therapeutic strategies to improve health, progeria comorbidities, and cancer therapies. This review summarizes insights from the study of aging and progeria syndromes and discusses the implications and therapeutic potential of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in aging and how they may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G. Demarest
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mansi Babbar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mustafa N. Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Xiuli Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Nima B. Fakouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suriyaprom K, Kaewprasert S, Putpadungwipon P, Namjuntra P, Klongthalay S. Association of antioxidant status and inflammatory markers with metabolic syndrome in Thais. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:1. [PMID: 30606264 PMCID: PMC6318924 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An oxidant/antioxidant disequilibrium has been suggested as having a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not well understood. The purposes of the present study were to compare enzymatic and non-enzyme antioxidants, anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical findings between subjects with MS and without MS and to evaluate the relationship between antioxidant status and hematological parameters with the components of MS. METHODS Metabolic syndrome was assessed by using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Three hundred Thais, 124 with MS and 176 without MS, were included in the study. Each subject was tested for erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, (GPX), catalase (CAT), albumin and vitamin C levels, and hematological findings. RESULTS Subjects with MS had lower SOD and CAT levels than those without MS (p < 0.01). Subjects with MS had lower vitamin C and albumin levels than those without MS (p < 0.05). The hematological findings were not significantly different between those with and without MS except the white blood cell (WBC) count which was significantly higher in those with MS. SOD and CAT levels were significantly positively associated with HDL-C levels and negatively associated with components of MS. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found lower SOD and vitamin C levels and higher WBC counts were significantly associated with MS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an alteration in antioxidant status and an increase in inflammatory markers are associated with MS and its components among Thais; subjects with MS may be more likely to have oxidative stress problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Suriyaprom
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand.
| | - Sarunya Kaewprasert
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pumpath Putpadungwipon
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Pisit Namjuntra
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Suwit Klongthalay
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koborová I, Gurecká R, Csongová M, Šebek J, Šebeková K. Plasma markers of oxidative status were associated with increasing continuous cardiometabolic risk scores in healthy students aged 16-20 years without central obesity. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:2137-2145. [PMID: 29706023 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We studied the association between increased cardiometabolic risk and markers of oxidative status and glycation in apparently healthy subjects who did not present with central obesity. METHODS From 2011 to 2012, we recruited 2064 students (53% girls) aged 16-20 years from Western Slovakia. Their continuous metabolic syndrome scores (MSS) were calculated as a mean of the sum of the z-scores of waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial pressure, triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Plasma markers of protein glycation and oxidation, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status were analysed. RESULTS In both genders, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) increased across the MSS quintiles (p < 0.001). AOPPs and fructosamines were significant predictors of the MSS in both genders. Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, leukocyte counts and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contributed significantly in girls. Triacylglycerols, fructosamines, AGEs and total antioxidant capacity correlated significantly with AOPPs in both genders. CONCLUSION Advanced oxidation protein products may act as inflammatory mediators that contribute to the development of cardiometabolic afflictions. Determining these may provide information related to cardiometabolic risk and represent potential target to reduce or prevent irreversible oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Koborová
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - R Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics; Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - M Csongová
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - J Šebek
- Institute of Materials & Machine Mechanics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - K Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bayliak MM, Abrat OB, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Interplay between diet-induced obesity and oxidative stress: Comparison between Drosophila and mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 228:18-28. [PMID: 30385171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity caused by excessive fat accumulation in adipocytes is a growing global problem and is a major contributing risk factor for many chronic metabolic diseases. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in both obesity progression and obesity-related complications. In recent years, Drosophila models of diet-induced obesity and associated pathologies have been successfully developed through manipulation of carbohydrate or fat concentrations in the food. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ homologous to mammalian adipose tissue and exhibit metabolic and physiological complications including hyperglycemia, redox imbalance and shortened longevity; these are all similar to those observed in obese humans. In this review, we summarize current data on the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction in obesity, with emphasis on metabolic switches and the involvement of redox-responsive signaling pathways such as NF-κB and Nfr2. The recent achievements with D. melanogaster model suggest a complicated relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, and longevity but the Drosophila model offers probably the best opportunities to delve further into unraveling these interactions, particularly the roles of antioxidants and of Nrf2-regulated responses, in order to increase our understanding of the obese metabolic phenotype and test and develop anti-obesity pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olexandra B Abrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim BM, Cho BO, Jang SI. Muscat Bailey A grape stalk extract ameliorates high-fat diet‑induced obesity by downregulating PPARγ and C/EPBα in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:489-500. [PMID: 30365044 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscat Bailey A grape stalk is an organic waste produced in marked amounts during the vinification of grapes. Previous studies have indicated that grape stalk is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, and exhibits antioxidant and UV‑protective activities. However, its effects on obesity and obesity‑associated disorders have not yet been investigated. The effects of grape stalk extract on improving metabolic features were examined using a high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced obesity mouse model. Oral administration of 200 mg/kg/day grape stalk extract over 16 weeks markedly prevented HFD‑induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, diabetic symptoms and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, grape stalk extract prevented oxidative stress and inflammation caused by HFD in mice. The beneficial effect may be associated with CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein α and peroxisome‑proliferator‑activated receptor γ down-regulation in liver tissue. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that grape stalk extract may be a potent functional food ingredient for preventing obesity, hepatic steatosis and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ok Cho
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54840, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54840, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo CH, Chen WL, Liao CH, Huang K, Chen PY, Yang CP. Effects of Chinese Medicinal Formula BNG-1 on Phosphodiesterase 3B Expression, Hepatic Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-induced NAFLD Mice. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1194-1202. [PMID: 30123057 PMCID: PMC6097264 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chinese medicinal formula BNG-1, a non-specific inhibitor of phospho-diesterases (PDEs), can be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was aimed at determining the effects of BNG-1 on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Design and Methods: Male CD1 mice were randomly divided into seven groups, the control Con (4) and Con (8)+saline groups were fed a standard control diet for four or eight weeks; the experimental HFD (4) and HFD (8)+saline groups were fed a high fat diet for four or eight weeks; the HFD (8)+LBNG, HFD (8)+MBNG, and HFD (8)+HBNG groups received a high fat diet along with low, moderate or high doses of BNG-1 (0.026, 0.035, and 0.052g/30g body weight) which was administered for the last four weeks of an eight-week experimental period. After the end of experiment, blood and tissue samples were taken and analyzed. Results: Mice in the HFD (4) group had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with mice in the Con (4) group. Mice receiving the high fat diet along with the BNG-1 supplement had decreased body weight gains and lower visceral fat weights compared with the HFD (8)+saline group. They had also significantly reduced levels of abnormal ALT and HOMA-IR, and improved blood lipid profile. BNG-1-treated mice exhibited reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, lower oxidative stress, and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Furthermore, BNG-1 treatment resulted in down-regulation of hepatic cyclic-AMP dependent PDE3B and up-regulation of PDE3B expression in epididymis adipose tissue. Conclusions: BNG-1 mediated changes in PDE3B expression along with reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. BNG-1 may ameliorate insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in the NAFLD mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Long Chen
- Brain Genesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Huei Liao
- Brain Genesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Karin Huang
- Brain Genesis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, Ming-Dao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids Protect against Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats via PKC- α Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2071952. [PMID: 29234372 PMCID: PMC5646339 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives DCM has become one of the main reasons of death in diabetic patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) protective effect against diabetes-induced cardiac injury and the underlying mechanisms in experimental rats. Methods Experimental diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) in rats after feeding with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The diabetic rats received a 16-week treatment of different doses of HLF (50, 100, and 200). The morphological changes of myocardial cells were observed by light microscope; the concentration of antioxidant indicator and TNF-α and the expression of PKC-α mRNA, PKC-α, and NF-κB proteins were assessed as well. Results STZ-induced diabetes mellitus prompted blood glucose, cardiac injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation, accompanied with suppressed body weight. On the contrary, HLF administration improved body weight and blood glucose and attenuated myocardial structural abnormalities in diabetic rats. In addition, HLF decreased MDA level and enhanced SOD activities, inhibited TNF-α expression, and downregulated PKC-α mRNA, PKC-α, and NF-κB which were induced by diabetes. Conclusions HLF has a protective effect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. The mechanism may be involved in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via inactivation of the PKC-α signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zinc and Oxidative Stress: Current Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020024. [PMID: 28353636 PMCID: PMC5488004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that favors the oxidation of biomolecules, contributing to the oxidative damage of cells and tissues. This consequently contributes to the development of several chronic diseases. In particular, zinc is one of the most relevant minerals to human health, because of its antioxidant properties. This review aims to provide updated information about the mechanisms involved in the protective role of zinc against oxidative stress. Zinc acts as a co-factor for important enzymes involved in the proper functioning of the antioxidant defense system. In addition, zinc protects cells against oxidative damage, acts in the stabilization of membranes and inhibits the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-Oxidase). Zinc also induces the synthesis of metallothioneins, which are proteins effective in reducing hydroxyl radicals and sequestering reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in stressful situations, such as in type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Literature provides strong evidence for the role of zinc in the protection against oxidative stress in several diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bernardes N, Ayyappan P, De Angelis K, Bagchi A, Akolkar G, da Silva Dias D, Belló-Klein A, Singal PK. Excessive consumption of fructose causes cardiometabolic dysfunctions through oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1078-1090. [PMID: 28187269 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid rise in obesity, as well as physical inactivity, in industrialized countries is associated with fructose-consumption-mediated metabolic syndrome having a strong association with cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance is thought to be at the core, visceral obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are also considered important components of this metabolic disorder. In addition, various other abnormalities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of uric acid are also part of this syndrome. Lifestyle changes through improved physical activity, as well as nutrition, are important approaches to minimize metabolic syndrome and its deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katia De Angelis
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- c Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UCS. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016; 148:183-93. [PMID: 26851532 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased body weight and metabolic disorder including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications together constitute metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome involves multitude of factors. A number of studies however indicate, with some conformity, that oxidative stress along with chronic inflammatory condition pave the way for the development of metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress, a state of lost balance between the oxidative and anti-oxidative systems of the cells and tissues, results in the over production of oxidative free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS generated could attack the cellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leading to cellular dysfunction including loss of energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, genetic mutations, altered cellular transport mechanisms and overall decreased biological activity, immune activation and inflammation. In addition, nutritional stress such as that caused by high fat high carbohydrate diet also promotes oxidative stress as evident by increased lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and decreased antioxidant system and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. These changes lead to initiation of pathogenic milieu and development of several chronic diseases. Studies suggest that in obese person oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the important underlying factors that lead to development of pathologies such as carcinogenesis, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases through altered cellular and nuclear mechanisms, including impaired DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. Here we discuss the aspects of metabolic disorders-induced oxidative stress in major pathological conditions and strategies for their prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, JayPee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201 307, UP, India.
| | - Gagan Deep
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Metabolic Disorder & Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Panahi Y, Hosseini MS, Khalili N, Naimi E, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:1101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
38
|
Gender-specific association of oxidative stress and inflammation with cardiovascular risk factors in Arab population. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:512603. [PMID: 25918477 PMCID: PMC4397026 DOI: 10.1155/2015/512603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The impact of gender difference on the association between metabolic stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We have investigated, for the first time, the gender effect on the oxidative and inflammatory stress responses and assessed their correlation with classical cardiometabolites in Arab population. Methods. A total of 378 adult Arab participants (193 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ROS, TBARs, and PON1 were measured and correlated with anthropometric and cardiometabolite parameters of the study population. Results. Compared to females, males had significantly higher FBG, HbA1c, TG, and blood pressure but lower BMI, TC, and HDL (P < 0.05). After adjustment for BMI and WC, females had higher levels of ROS, TBARS, and CRP (P < 0.001) whereas males had increased levels of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Moreover, after adjustment for age, BMI, and gender, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS were associated with central obesity but not general obesity. Conclusion. Inflammation and oxidative stress contribution to CVD risk in Arab population linked to gender and this risk is better reflected by central obesity. Arab females might be at risk of CVD complications due to increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
39
|
Puukila S, Bryan S, Laakso A, Abdel-Malak J, Gurney C, Agostino A, Belló-Klein A, Prasad K, Khaper N. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside abrogates oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiac iron overload condition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122852. [PMID: 25822525 PMCID: PMC4379144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac iron overload is directly associated with cardiac dysfunction and can ultimately lead to heart failure. This study examined the effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a component of flaxseed, on iron overload induced cardiac damage by evaluating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Cells were incubated with 50 μ5M iron for 24 hours and/or a 24 hour pre-treatment of 500 μ M SDG. Cardiac iron overload resulted in increased oxidative stress and gene expression of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10 and interferon γ, as well as matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. Increased apoptosis was evident by increased active caspase 3/7 activity and increased protein expression of Forkhead box O3a, caspase 3 and Bax. Cardiac iron overload also resulted in increased protein expression of p70S6 Kinase 1 and decreased expression of AMP-activated protein kinase. Pre-treatment with SDG abrogated the iron-induced increases in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as the increased p70S6 Kinase 1 and decreased AMP-activated protein kinase expression. The decrease in superoxide dismutase activity by iron treatment was prevented by pre-treatment with SDG in the presence of iron. Based on these findings we conclude that SDG was cytoprotective in an in vitro model of iron overload induced redox-inflammatory damage, suggesting a novel potential role for SDG in cardiac iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Bryan
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Laakso
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carli Gurney
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Agostino
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Seidlova-Wuttke D, Jarry H, Wuttke W. Plant derived alternatives for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 16:35-45. [PMID: 25436745 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has undisputable positive effects on climacteric complaints, in the bone and on body weight but also several undesired side effects. Therefore, plant-derived alternatives are currently promoted. Phytoestrogens - primarily the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and coumestrol, stemming from soy (Glycine max) or red clover (Trifolium pratense) - were suggested to have the desired but not the undesired effects of estrogens. Most recently published placebo-controlled studies question the beneficial effects. When taken at the time of puberty however, phytoestrogens appear to protect against mammary cancer later in life. Extracts from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) have no estrogenic effects. In a narrow dose range they have beneficial effects on climacteric complaints, which are due to several compounds with dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic and GABAergic actions that act together in the hypothalamus. Ecdysone is produced by several plants, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and was very early on shown to increase muscle mass. Later it became apparent that spinach extracts containing ecdysone decreased body fat load, thereby reducing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by visceral adipocytes and oxidative stress. This had beneficial effects on body weight and serum lipids not only in obese postmenopausal but also in premenopausal women and in men. For the above-described plant extracts, solid placebo-controlled clinical trials are available. For other plant extracts claiming beneficial effects on climacteric complaints or postmenopausal diseases, no solid data are available.
Collapse
|
41
|
Myhrstad MCW, Ulven SM, Günther CC, Ottestad I, Holden M, Ryeng E, Borge GI, Kohler A, Brønner KW, Thoresen M, Holven KB. Fish oil supplementation induces expression of genes related to cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a transcriptomic approach. J Intern Med 2014; 276:498-511. [PMID: 24641624 PMCID: PMC4263263 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil supplementation has been shown to alter gene expression of mononuclear cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the total transcriptome profile in healthy subjects after intake of fish oil. We therefore investigated the gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after intake of fish oil for 7 weeks using transcriptome analyses. DESIGN In a 7-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study, healthy subjects received 8 g day(-1) fish oil (1.6 g day(-1) eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid) (n = 17) or 8 g day(-1) high oleic sunflower oil (n = 19). Microarray analyses of RNA isolated from PBMCs were performed at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Cell cycle, DNA packaging and chromosome organization are biological processes found to be upregulated after intake of fish oil compared to high oleic sunflower oil using a moderated t-test. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis identified several enriched gene sets after intake of fish oil. The genes contributing to the significantly different gene sets in the subjects given fish oil compared with the control group are involved in cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Gene transcripts with common motifs for 35 known transcription factors including E2F, TP53 and ATF4 were upregulated after intake of fish oil. CONCLUSION We have shown that intake of fish oil for 7 weeks modulates gene expression in PBMCs of healthy subjects. The increased expression of genes related to cell cycle, ER stress and apoptosis suggests that intake of fish oil may modulate basic cellular processes involved in normal cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bortolasci CC, Vargas HO, Souza-Nogueira A, Gastaldello Moreira E, Vargas Nunes SO, Berk M, Dodd S, Barbosa DS, Maes M. Paraoxonase (PON)1 Q192R functional genotypes and PON1 Q192R genotype by smoking interactions are risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, but not overweight or obesity. Redox Rep 2014; 19:232-41. [PMID: 25037113 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of multiple risk factors that contribute to the onset of cardiovascular disorder, including lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and abdominal obesity. Smoking, mood disorders, and oxidative stress are associated with the MetS. Paraoxonase (PON)1 is an antioxidant bound to HDL, that is under genetic control by functional polymorphisms in the PON1 Q192R coding sequence. Aims and methods This study aimed to delineate the associations of the MetS with plasma PON1 activity, PON1 Q192R genotypes, smoking, and mood disorders (major depression and bipolar disorder), while adjusting for HDL cholesterol, body mass index, age, gender, and sociodemographic data. We measured plasma PON1 activity and serum HDL cholesterol and determined PON1 Q192R genotypes through functional analysis in 335 subjects, consisting of 97 with and 238 without MetS. The severity of nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Scale. Results PON1 Q192R functional genotypes and PON1 Q192R genotypes by smoking interactions were associated with the MetS. The QQ and QR genotypes were protective against MetS while smoking increased metabolic risk in QQ carriers only. There were no significant associations between PON1 Q192R genotypes and smoking by genotype interactions and obesity or overweight, while body mass index significantly increased MetS risk. Smoking and especially severe nicotine dependence are significantly associated with the MetS although these effects were no longer significant after considering the effects of the smoking by PON1 Q192R genotype interaction. The MetS was not associated with mood disorders, major depression or bipolar disorder. Discussion PON1 Q192R genotypes and genotypes by smoking interactions are risk factors for the MetS that together with lowered HDL and increased body mass and age contribute to the MetS.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gottlieb MGV, Closs VE, Rosemberg LS, Borges CA, Baptista RR, Tavares GMS, Gomes I, Schneider RH, Schwanke CHA. Lack of association of body composition and functionality variables with metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:397-401. [PMID: 25019528 DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process causes alterations in body composition (decrease in lean mass and increase in fat mass), diminution of functionality (strength, mobility, and physical performance), and an increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of body composition and functionality with metabolic syndrome in the elderly. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of the Geriatric Service of Hospital São Lucas of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) involving 74 patients (14 males and 60 females). The patients were separated into two groups: Group 1=elderly with metabolic syndrome [through the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NECP ATP III) criteria; n=34], group 2=elderly without metabolic syndrome (n=40). The variables evaluated included age, gender, body composition (circumferences, skinfold thickness, BMI, muscle and fat thickness and muscle mass), functional variables [hand grip strength, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Sit-to-Stand Test]. RESULTS The results showed that elderly individuals with metabolic syndrome had a higher mean of the anthropometric measures (except abdominal skinfold thickness) compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome (P<0.005). We observed significant differences for muscle mass index (higher, P=0.029), TUGT (longer time, P=0.008), and hand grip strength (lower, P=0.015) in elderly with metabolic syndrome compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome. However, when these variables were adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), none showed a significant association with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION We did not observe associations among metabolic syndrome, body composition, and functionality variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Valle Gottlieb
- 1 Graduate Program of Biomedical Gerontology, Geriatric and Gerontology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moylan S, Berk M, Dean OM, Samuni Y, Williams LJ, O'Neil A, Hayley AC, Pasco JA, Anderson G, Jacka FN, Maes M. Oxidative & nitrosative stress in depression: why so much stress? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:46-62. [PMID: 24858007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many studies support a crucial role for oxidative & nitrosative stress (O&NS) in the pathophysiology of unipolar and bipolar depression. These disorders are characterized inter alia by lowered antioxidant defenses, including: lower levels of zinc, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E and glutathione; increased lipid peroxidation; damage to proteins, DNA and mitochondria; secondary autoimmune responses directed against redox modified nitrosylated proteins and oxidative specific epitopes. This review examines and details a model through which a complex series of environmental factors and biological pathways contribute to increased redox signaling and consequently increased O&NS in mood disorders. This multi-step process highlights the potential for future interventions that encompass a diverse range of environmental and molecular targets in the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moylan
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Yuval Samuni
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amie C Hayley
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Northwest Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Antioxidants supplementation in elderly cardiovascular patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:408260. [PMID: 24489984 PMCID: PMC3899745 DOI: 10.1155/2013/408260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with antioxidants and its benefit-risk relationship have been largely discussed in the elderly population. We evaluated whether antioxidants supplementation improved the biochemical profile associated with oxidative metabolism in elderly cardiovascular patients. Patients (n = 112) received daily supplementation with α-TP 400 mg, beta-carotene 40 mg, and vitamin C 1000 mg for 2 months (treatment). Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (α-TP), β-carotene (βC), ubiquinol-10 (QH-10), glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined before and after treatment. Response to treatment was dependent on pretreatment α-TP and βC levels. Increase in α-TP and βC levels was observed only in patients with basal levels <18 μM for α-TP (P < 0.01) and <0.30 μM for βC (P < 0.02). Ubiquinol-10, glutathione, and TBARS were unaffected by treatment: QH-10 (+57%, F(1,110) = 3.611, P < 0.06, and N.S.), glutathione (+21%, F(1,110) = 2.92, P < 0.09, and N.S.), and TBARS (-29%, F(1,110) = 2.26, P < 0.14, and N.S.). Treatment reduced oxidative metabolism: 5.3% versus 14.6% basal value (F(1,110) = 9.21, P < 0.0003). Basal TBARS/α-TP ratio was higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers: 0.11 ± 0.02 versus 0.06 ± 0.01 (F(32,80) = 1.63, P < 0.04). Response to antioxidant supplementation was dependent on basal plasma levels of α-TP and βC. Smoking status was strongly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and high TBARS/α-TP ratio (lipid peroxidation).
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao D, Liu H. Adipose tissue dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. World J Hypertens 2013; 3:18-26. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v3.i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a growing research area. The underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndrome are still not very clear. Insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation and oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction is emphasized during the development of obesity. Adipose tissue is identified as a complex endocrine organ and its metabolic functions extend well beyond the classical actions of thermoregulation and of storage and release of fatty acids. Chronic low-grade inflammation activated by the immune system in adipose tissue is a key contributing factor to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral obesity results in cell autonomous impairment in insulin signaling that leads to insulin resistance. Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue has gained acceptance as a lead promoter of insulin resistance in obesity. Furthermore, obesity creates oxidative stress conditions in adipose tissue that not only correlates with insulin resistance but is also causative in its development. Oxidative stress may be a mechanistic link between several components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, through its role in inflammation and its ability to disrupt insulin-signaling. The study around adipose tissue dysfunction will help to understand the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and may bring effective therapy in treatment of metabolic syndrome related diseases. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the roles of adipose tissue dysfunction in inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sossai P, Amenta F, Sponga B, Porcellati C. Observational study of hypertension and snoring in Northeastern Italy (Limana Hypertension Study). Clin Exp Hypertens 2013; 36:263-7. [PMID: 23865467 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.810230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate through an observational study on volunteers some important cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension and snoring in a population from Limana, a town of a subalpine zone of northeastern Italy. DESIGN Limana residents were informed by post and at a public meeting and then attended an outpatient clinic set up by the town of Limana for clinical history, measurement of blood pressure, weight and height. PATIENTS Of 202 subjects (94 men and 108 women), 92.6% of whom were residents of Limana, having a mean age of 59.7 years, which was significantly higher than the mean (44.7 years), took part in the study. RESULTS Only 32.3% of study subjects with hypertension had normal blood pressure values while 38.6% of the subjects without hypertension treatment, were hypertensive. We found no significant association between hypertension and smoking and there were significant associations between hypertension and age and hypertension and snoring. CONCLUSIONS Given the limitations of an observational study based on volunteer participation, nevertheless, our study presents some interesting results: (1) a low number of subjects with hypertension whose blood pressure is well controlled; (2) a significant number of "normal" subjects with high values of blood pressure; (3) no significant relationship between hypertension and smoking; (4) a significant relationship between subjects who snored and were hypertensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sossai
- Center of Clinical Research, School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino , Italy and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yalcin EB, More V, Neira KL, Lu ZJ, Cherrington NJ, Slitt AL, King RS. Downregulation of sulfotransferase expression and activity in diseased human livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1642-50. [PMID: 23775849 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfotransferase (SULT) function has been well studied in healthy human subjects by quantifying mRNA and protein expression and determining enzyme activity with probe substrates. However, it is not well known if sulfotransferase activity changes in metabolic and liver disease, such as diabetes, steatosis, or cirrhosis. Sulfotransferases have significant roles in the regulation of hormones and excretion of xenobiotics. In the present study of normal subjects with nonfatty livers and patients with steatosis, diabetic cirrhosis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, we sought to determine SULT1A1, SULT2A1, SULT1E1, and SULT1A3 activity and mRNA and protein expression in human liver tissue. In general, sulfotransferase activity decreased significantly with severity of liver disease from steatosis to cirrhosis. Specifically, SULT1A1 and SULT1A3 activities were lower in disease states relative to nonfatty tissues. Alcoholic cirrhotic tissues further contained lower SULT1A1 and 1A3 activities than those affected by either of the two other disease states. SULT2A1, on the other hand, was only reduced in alcoholic cirrhotic tissues. SULT1E1 was reduced both in diabetic cirrhosis and in alcoholic cirrhosis tissues, relative to nonfatty liver tissues. In conclusion, the reduced levels of sulfotransferase expression and activity in diseased versus nondiseased liver tissue may alter the metabolism and disposition of xenobiotics and affect homeostasis of endobiotic sulfotransferase substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fernández-Galilea M, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Antiobesity effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|