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Sudlovenick E, Jenkins E, Loseto L. Comparative review of One Health and Indigenous approaches to wildlife research in Inuit Nunangat. One Health 2024; 19:100846. [PMID: 39091975 PMCID: PMC11292360 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in One Health and Indigenous methodologies and approaches in wildlife research, but they are not widely used research applications in the Arctic. Both approaches are wide in scope and originate from different knowledge systems but are often compared synonymously. We review the literature of overlap between the term One Health and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit Indigenous Knowledge) throughout Inuit Nunaat on wildlife research. Three databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, and BIOSIS) were used to find English language articles and books within the bounds of Inuit Nunaat. While One Health and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit research approaches share synergies, they are fundamentally disparate owing to their differences in epistemology, including views on the natural environment and wildlife management. We describe current examples of One Health being operationalized in Inuit Nunaat and identify potential to address larger and more complex questions about wildlife health, with examples from terrestrial and marine Arctic wildlife. Both Indigenous methodologies and One Health naturally have a human component at their core, which seamlessly lends itself to discussions on wildlife management, as human actions and regulations directly impact environment and wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sudlovenick
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - E. Jenkins
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5B4, Canada
| | - L. Loseto
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Freshwater Institute, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
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2
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Soininen T, Uurasjärvi E, Hämäläinen L, Huusari N, Feodoroff J, Moshnikoff J, Niiranen E, Feodoroff P, Mustonen T, Koistinen A. Microplastics in Arctic waters of the Finnish Sámi area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173666. [PMID: 38823697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We explored the presence of microplastics in the Finnish Arctic Sámi home area. A dialogue between Indigenous knowledge and scientific field work produced data about microplastics in remote wilderness aquatic ecosystems. Methods included geographical Indigenous knowledge analysis, water sampling with fraction filtration, and imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MPs found were small; the mean particle size was 126 ± 121 μm. Particle concentrations of MPs in freshwater and marine samples varied between 45 and 423 MPs m-3 and the most common polymer types were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In conclusion, because microplastics are present even in the wilderness areas, their abundance should be monitored to assess plastic pollution in the relatively pristine Arctic environments. Sámi Indigenous knowledge proved to be a beneficial and important initiator, because locals recognize the possible sources and transport pathways of plastic litter, and practical sampling sites in the complex freshwater systems of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Soininen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Emilia Uurasjärvi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arto Koistinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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3
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Beaty F, Domínguez-Sánchez PS, Nalven KB, Palacios-Abrantes J, Oken KL, Ban NC, Nickols KJ, Juanes F, Okey TA, Spalding AK, Nalini Morzaria-Luna H, Jenkins LD, Tulloch V, McKechnie I. Centering relationships to place for more meaningful research and engagement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306991121. [PMID: 38830112 PMCID: PMC11194485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306991121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has the potential to simultaneously generate new knowledge and contribute meaningful social-ecological benefits; however, research processes and outcomes can also perpetuate extractive patterns that have manifested the climate, biodiversity, and social justice crises. One approach to enhance the societal value of research processes is to strengthen relationships with places of study and the peoples of those places. Deepening relational engagement with the social-ecological context and history of a place can lead to more accurate results and improved public trust in the scientific process and is particularly important for natural scientists who work at the interface of nature and society. We provide three actionable pathways that range from individual to systemic change to enhance place-based relationships within research systems: 1) deepen reflection and communication about relationships with places and peoples; 2) strengthen collaboration among research teams and partners; and 3) transform systems of knowledge creation to foster place-based roots. Action on any of these proposed pathways, but especially action taken across all three, can build empathy and connections to place and people, strengthening the meaningful impact of research both locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Beaty
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Unceded xwməθkwəy’əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Unceded xwməθkwəy’əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - P. Santiago Domínguez-Sánchez
- Ocean Ecology Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR97365
| | | | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Unceded xwməθkwəy’əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kiva L. Oken
- Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA98112
| | - Natalie C. Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Kerry J. Nickols
- Marine Ecosystem Repair Program, Ocean Visions, Leesburg, VA20176
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA91330
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Okey
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Ana K. Spalding
- Adrienne Arsht Community-Based Resilience Solutions Initiative, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City0843-03092, Panama
- School of Public Policy, College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331
| | - Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna
- Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Océanos (CEDO) Intercultural, Tucson, AZ85711
- Long Live the Kings, Seattle, WA98101
- Visiting Scientist Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA98112
| | | | - Vivitskaia Tulloch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Iain McKechnie
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8W 2Y2, Canada
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4
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Reid AJ, McGregor DA, Menzies AK, Eckert LE, Febria CM, Popp JN. Ecological research 'in a good way' means ethical and equitable relationships with Indigenous Peoples and Lands. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:595-598. [PMID: 38225427 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Reid
- Unceded xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) Territory, Centre for Indigenous Fisheries, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Deborah A McGregor
- Traditional Land of the Huron-Wendat, Seneca and Mississaugas of the Credit, Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Traditional Land of the Huron-Wendat, Seneca and Mississaugas of the Credit, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allyson K Menzies
- Traditional Land of the Mississaugas of the Credit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Eckert
- Unceded Territories of the Lekwungen-speaking Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEĆ Peoples, Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine M Febria
- Traditional Territories of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations - Ojibway, Odawa and Potawatomi, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse N Popp
- Traditional Land of the Mississaugas of the Credit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Wick M, Erickson D, Hoffman J, Johnson L, Angradi T. Navigating University Openness in Research Policy Inconsistent with Indigenous Data Sovereignty: A Case Analysis. Ethics Hum Res 2024; 46:2-15. [PMID: 38446108 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Indigenous nations and communities in the United States have rights as sovereign governments to exercise control and ownership over all data and information generated by or from the tribes, tribal members, or tribal resources. Indigenous nations exercise these rights through data ownership policies established in response to unethical research practices in research involving Indigenous communities. Most universities in the U.S. have "openness in research" policies to ensure academic freedom to publish freely, exercised by retaining university control of data. Here, we describe our study of cultural ecosystem services in the St. Louis River estuary region (Nagaajiwanaang in the language Ojibwemowin) in Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, U.S., an area that includes portions of the 1854 and 1842 Ceded Territories and reservation lands of a local band of Ojibwe (hereafter referred to as "the Band"). In this university-led, Band-supported study, both the university and the Band sought ownership of data collected based on their respective policies, resulting in a research delay of nearly a year. We found that open research policies that do not consider Indigenous sovereignty can hamper collaboration between university researchers and tribal nations, even when there is broad agreement on research goals and objectives. University open research policies that do not explicitly address Indigenous sovereignty fall short of the open research principles they intend to support and should be revised. Formal adoption of principles for ethical research with sovereign tribal governments by universities is needed to improve coordination and trust among university and tribal researchers and members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Wick
- PhD candidate at the University of Minnesota Duluth and a student trainee at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division
| | - Deanna Erickson
- Director of the Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve
| | - Joel Hoffman
- Manager of the Eco-system Services Branch at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division
| | - Lucinda Johnson
- Senior research fellow at the University of Minnesota Natural Resources Research Institute
| | - Ted Angradi
- Retired research biologist for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxi-cology and Ecology Division
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6
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Nanglu K, de Carle D, Cullen TM, Anderson EB, Arif S, Castañeda RA, Chang LM, Iwama RE, Fellin E, Manglicmot RC, Massey MD, Astudillo‐Clavijo V. The nature of science: The fundamental role of natural history in ecology, evolution, conservation, and education. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10621. [PMID: 37877102 PMCID: PMC10591213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a contemporary trend in many major research institutions to de-emphasize the importance of natural history education in favor of theoretical, laboratory, or simulation-based research programs. This may take the form of removing biodiversity and field courses from the curriculum and the sometimes subtle maligning of natural history research as a "lesser" branch of science. Additional threats include massive funding cuts to natural history museums and the maintenance of their collections, the extirpation of taxonomists across disciplines, and a critical under-appreciation of the role that natural history data (and other forms of observational data, including Indigenous knowledge) play in the scientific process. In this paper, we demonstrate that natural history knowledge is integral to any competitive science program through a comprehensive review of the ways in which they continue to shape modern theory and the public perception of science. We do so by reviewing how natural history research has guided the disciplines of ecology, evolution, and conservation and how natural history data are crucial for effective education programs and public policy. We underscore these insights with contemporary case studies, including: how understanding the dynamics of evolutionary radiation relies on natural history data; methods for extracting novel data from museum specimens; insights provided by multi-decade natural history programs; and how natural history is the most logical venue for creating an informed and scientifically literate society. We conclude with recommendations aimed at students, university faculty, and administrators for integrating and supporting natural history in their mandates. Fundamentally, we are all interested in understanding the natural world, but we can often fall into the habit of abstracting our research away from its natural contexts and complexities. Doing so risks losing sight of entire vistas of new questions and insights in favor of an over-emphasis on simulated or overly controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Nanglu
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle de Carle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Invertebrate ZoologyRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas M. Cullen
- Department of GeosciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Negaunee Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Erika B. Anderson
- The HunterianUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Earth and SpaceRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Suchinta Arif
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Rowshyra A. Castañeda
- Ecosystems and Ocean SciencesPacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaSidneyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Rafael Eiji Iwama
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erica Fellin
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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7
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Dantzer B, Mabry KE, Bernhardt JR, Cox RM, Francis CD, Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL, Jha S, Ketterson E, Levis NA, McCain KM, Patricelli GL, Paull SH, Pinter-Wollman N, Safran RJ, Schwartz TS, Throop HL, Zaman L, Martin LB. Understanding Organisms Using Ecological Observatory Networks. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad036. [PMID: 37867910 PMCID: PMC10586040 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are rapidly changing ecosystems around the world. These changes have widespread implications for the preservation of biodiversity, agricultural productivity, prevalence of zoonotic diseases, and sociopolitical conflict. To understand and improve the predictive capacity for these and other biological phenomena, some scientists are now relying on observatory networks, which are often composed of systems of sensors, teams of field researchers, and databases of abiotic and biotic measurements across multiple temporal and spatial scales. One well-known example is NEON, the US-based National Ecological Observatory Network. Although NEON and similar networks have informed studies of population, community, and ecosystem ecology for years, they have been minimally used by organismal biologists. NEON provides organismal biologists, in particular those interested in NEON's focal taxa, with an unprecedented opportunity to study phenomena such as range expansions, disease epidemics, invasive species colonization, macrophysiology, and other biological processes that fundamentally involve organismal variation. Here, we use NEON as an exemplar of the promise of observatory networks for understanding the causes and consequences of morphological, behavioral, molecular, and physiological variation among individual organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - K E Mabry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
| | - J R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22940,USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407,USA
| | - C D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407,USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - C K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - S Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,USA
| | - E Ketterson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,USA
| | - N A Levis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,USA
| | - K M McCain
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612,USA
| | - G L Patricelli
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,USA
| | - S H Paull
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, 1685 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - N Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R J Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309,USA
| | - T S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - H L Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - L Zaman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612,USA
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8
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Ignace L, Burton L, Mynott S, Meehan M, Olson E, Steel J, Ojeda J, Harper S, Ramirez L, Baker D, Sleigh L, Frenkel C, Rhodes C, Ban NC. Researchers' responsibility to uphold Indigenous rights. Science 2023; 381:129-131. [PMID: 37440615 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Too often research brings harm to Indigenous peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Ignace
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren Burton
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sara Mynott
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mairi Meehan
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada
| | - Erica Olson
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jade Steel
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - Sarah Harper
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luisa Ramirez
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Dana Baker
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Laurel Sleigh
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Caitie Frenkel
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Rhodes
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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9
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Hird C, David-Chavez DM, Gion SS, van Uitregt V. Moving beyond ontological (worldview) supremacy: Indigenous insights and a recovery guide for settler-colonial scientists. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245302. [PMID: 37366314 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Greater engagement and representation of Indigenous voices, knowledges and worldviews in the biological sciences is growing globally through efforts to bring more Indigenous academics into scientific research and teaching institutions. Although the intentions of such efforts may be admirable, these spaces often become sites of great personal tension for the Indigenous scholars who must 'bridge' or 'facilitate' a dialogue between Indigenous and settler-colonial (predominantly Western) knowledge traditions and worldviews. We are a small collective of early career Indigenous scholars from Australia, the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand, and we have gained insights into this situation through the unique experiential learning afforded by navigating such tensions. Here, we discuss tensions that bear remarkable similarities across geographies, cultures and settler-colonial contexts. In doing so, we aim to support other Indigenous scientists and scholars navigating settler-colonial and Western research institutions, while offering guidance, suggestions and reflections for the scientific community to allow the development of more nuanced strategies to support Indigenous academics than simply increasing Indigenous representation. We imagine transformed, innovative research and teaching agendas where Indigenous knowledges can thrive, and Indigenous scientists can apply themselves with mutual and balanced respect and reciprocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Hird
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Meeanjin, Australia
| | - Dominique M David-Chavez
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, located on Nunt'zi (Ute), Hinono'eino' (Arapaho) and Tsistsistas (Cheyenne) traditional homelands
| | - Shanny Spang Gion
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA, located on Nimiipu (Nez Perce), Palus (Palouse) and Schitsu'umsh (Coeur d'Alene) homelands
| | - Vincent van Uitregt
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, Aotearoa, New Zealand
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10
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McCarthy FM, Patterson RT, Head MJ, Riddick NL, Cumming BF, Hamilton PB, Pisaric MF, Gushulak AC, Leavitt PR, Lafond KM, Llew-Williams B, Marshall M, Heyde A, Pilkington PM, Moraal J, Boyce JI, Nasser NA, Walsh C, Garvie M, Roberts S, Rose NL, Cundy AB, Gaca P, Milton A, Hajdas I, Crann CA, Boom A, Finkelstein SA, McAndrews JH. The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series. THE ANTHROPOCENE REVIEW 2023; 10:146-176. [PMID: 37255737 PMCID: PMC10226010 DOI: 10.1177/20530196221149281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An annually laminated succession in Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada is proposed for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to define the Anthropocene as a series/epoch with a base dated at 1950 CE. Varve couplets of organic matter capped by calcite precipitated each summer in alkaline surface waters reflect environmental change at global to local scales. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles and nitrogen isotopes record an increase in fossil fuel combustion in the early 1950s, coinciding with early fallout from nuclear and thermonuclear testing - 239+240Pu and 14C:12C, the latter more than compensating for the effects of old carbon in this dolomitic basin. Rapid industrial expansion in the North American Great Lakes region led to enhanced leaching of terrigenous elements by acid precipitation during the Great Acceleration, and calcite precipitation was reduced, producing thin calcite laminae around the GSSP that is marked by a sharp decline in elm pollen (Dutch Elm disease). The lack of bioturbation in well-oxygenated bottom waters, supported by the absence of fossil pigments from obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacteria, is attributed to elevated salinities and high alkalinity below the chemocline. This aerobic depositional environment, highly unusual in a meromictic lake, inhibits the mobilization of Pu, the proposed primary stratigraphic guide for the Anthropocene.
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11
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Cooke SJ, Fulton EA, Sauer WHH, Lynch AJ, Link JS, Koning AA, Jena J, Silva LGM, King AJ, Kelly R, Osborne M, Nakamura J, Preece AL, Hagiwara A, Forsberg K, Kellner JB, Coscia I, Helyar S, Barange M, Nyboer E, Williams MJ, Chuenpagdee R, Begg GA, Gillanders BM. Towards vibrant fish populations and sustainable fisheries that benefit all: learning from the last 30 years to inform the next 30 years. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2023; 33:317-347. [PMID: 37122954 PMCID: PMC9985478 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A common goal among fisheries science professionals, stakeholders, and rights holders is to ensure the persistence and resilience of vibrant fish populations and sustainable, equitable fisheries in diverse aquatic ecosystems, from small headwater streams to offshore pelagic waters. Achieving this goal requires a complex intersection of science and management, and a recognition of the interconnections among people, place, and fish that govern these tightly coupled socioecological and sociotechnical systems. The World Fisheries Congress (WFC) convenes every four years and provides a unique global forum to debate and discuss threats, issues, and opportunities facing fish populations and fisheries. The 2021 WFC meeting, hosted remotely in Adelaide, Australia, marked the 30th year since the first meeting was held in Athens, Greece, and provided an opportunity to reflect on progress made in the past 30 years and provide guidance for the future. We assembled a diverse team of individuals involved with the Adelaide WFC and reflected on the major challenges that faced fish and fisheries over the past 30 years, discussed progress toward overcoming those challenges, and then used themes that emerged during the Congress to identify issues and opportunities to improve sustainability in the world's fisheries for the next 30 years. Key future needs and opportunities identified include: rethinking fisheries management systems and modelling approaches, modernizing and integrating assessment and information systems, being responsive and flexible in addressing persistent and emerging threats to fish and fisheries, mainstreaming the human dimension of fisheries, rethinking governance, policy and compliance, and achieving equity and inclusion in fisheries. We also identified a number of cross-cutting themes including better understanding the role of fish as nutrition in a hungry world, adapting to climate change, embracing transdisciplinarity, respecting Indigenous knowledge systems, thinking ahead with foresight science, and working together across scales. By reflecting on the past and thinking about the future, we aim to provide guidance for achieving our mutual goal of sustaining vibrant fish populations and sustainable fisheries that benefit all. We hope that this prospective thinking can serve as a guide to (i) assess progress towards achieving this lofty goal and (ii) refine our path with input from new and emerging voices and approaches in fisheries science, management, and stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
| | - Warwick H. H. Sauer
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- National Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192 USA
| | - Jason S. Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Aaron A. Koning
- Global Water Center, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Joykrushna Jena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Luiz G. M. Silva
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison J. King
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Wodonga, 3690 Vic Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
| | - Matthew Osborne
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, 0800 NT Australia
| | - Julia Nakamura
- Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, University of Strathclyde Law School, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521 Japan
| | | | - Julie B. Kellner
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Falmouth, MA 02453 USA
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1553 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilaria Coscia
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT UK
| | - Sarah Helyar
- School of Biological Sciences/Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Barange
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale Delle Terme Di Caracalla S/N, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Nyboer
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | | | - Ratana Chuenpagdee
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NFLD Canada
| | - Gavin A. Begg
- Department of Primary Industries and Regions, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, 5022 SA Australia
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Wilcox AAE, Provencher JF, Henri DA, Alexander SM, Taylor JJ, Cooke SJ, Thomas PJ, Johnson LR. Braiding Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences in the Alberta oil sands region: A systematic review. Facets (Ott) 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The braiding of Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences offers insights into ecology and has emerged as a way to help address complex environmental issues. We reviewed the publicly available ecological research involving the braiding of Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences to support collaborative work in the Alberta oil sands region of Canada. We conducted a systematic review, coding for 78 questions in six categories: (1) literature search and bibliographic information; (2) research themes; (3) study setting and design; (4) knowledge systems; (5) power relationships, colonization, and ethical considerations in research; and (6) benefits and challenges of braiding. We identified six articles that braided knowledge, with those articles focusing on environmental management and monitoring for impacts of industrial activity in northern Alberta. Researchers used a broad range of approaches to gather Indigenous knowledge and scientific data and identified multiple challenges (e.g., asymmetries of power, resource availability, and funding) to research. Our findings show that more support is needed to foster, promote, and disseminate interdisciplinary collaborative work involving braiding. Additional support is also required to address Indigenous community research needs related to the assessment of environmental impact and reclamation, as well as the understanding of ecological threats across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana A. E. Wilcox
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jennifer F. Provencher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dominique A. Henri
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Steven M. Alexander
- Environment and Biodiversity Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 2J8, Canada
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jessica J. Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Philippe J. Thomas
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lydia R. Johnson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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13
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Copes‐Gerbitz K, Daniels LD, Hagerman SM. The contribution of Indigenous stewardship to an historical mixed-severity fire regime in British Columbia, Canada. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2736. [PMID: 36104834 PMCID: PMC10078449 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous land stewardship and mixed-severity fire regimes both promote landscape heterogeneity, and the relationship between them is an emerging area of research. In our study, we reconstructed the historical fire regime of Ne Sextsine, a 5900-ha dry, Douglas fir-dominated forest in the traditional territory of the T'exelc (Williams Lake First Nation) in British Columbia, Canada. Between 1550 and 1982 CE, we found median fire intervals of 18 years at the plot level and 4 years at the study-site level. Ne Sextsine was characterized by an historical mixed-severity fire regime, dominated by frequent, low-severity fires as indicated by fire scars, with infrequent, mixed-severity fires indicated by cohorts. Differentiating low- from mixed-severity plots over time was key to understanding the drivers of the fire regime at Ne Sextsine. Low-severity plots were coincident with areas of highest use by the T'exelc, including winter village sites, summer fishing camps, and travel corridors. The high fire frequency in low-severity plots ceased in the 1870s, following the smallpox epidemic, the forced relocation of Indigenous peoples into small reserves, and the prohibition of Indigenous burning. In contrast, the mixed-severity plots were coincident with areas where forest resources, such as deer or certain berry species, were important. The high fire frequency in the mixed-severity plots continued until the 1920s when industrial-scale grazing and logging began, facilitated by the establishment of a nearby railway. T'exelc oral histories and archeological evidence at Ne Sextsine speak to varied land stewardship, reflected in the spatiotemporal complexity of low- and mixed-severity fire plots. Across Ne Sextsine, 63% of cohorts established and persisted in the absence of fire after colonial impacts beginning in the 1860s, resulting in a dense, homogeneous landscape that no longer supports T'exelc values and is more likely to burn at uncharacteristic high severities. This nuanced understanding of the Indigenous contribution to a mixed-severity fire regime is critical for advancing proactive fire mitigation that is ecoculturally relevant and guided by Indigenous expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Copes‐Gerbitz
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lori D. Daniels
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Shannon M. Hagerman
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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14
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Zerriffi H, Reyes R, Maloney A. Pathways to sustainable land use and food systems in Canada. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 18:389-406. [PMID: 36275780 PMCID: PMC9575642 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Meeting global sustainability targets under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement requires paying attention to major land-use sectors such as forestry and agriculture. These sectors play a large role in national emissions, biodiversity conservation, and human well-being. There are numerous possible pathways to sustainability in these sectors and potential synergies and trade-offs along those pathways. This paper reports on the use of a model for Canada's land use to 2050 to assess three different pathways (one based on current trends and two with differing levels of ambition for meeting sustainability targets). This was done as part of a large international consortium, Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land and Energy (FABLE), which allows for incorporating international trade in meeting both national and global sustainability targets. The results show not only the importance of increasingly stringent policies in meeting the targets, but also the role that population and consumption (e.g., diets) play in meeting the targets. Both the medium and high ambition sustainability pathways can drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions while protecting forestland. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01213-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Zerriffi
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Rene Reyes
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Instituto Forestal, Fundo Teja Norte sin número, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Avery Maloney
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
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15
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Houde M, Krümmel EM, Mustonen T, Brammer J, Brown TM, Chételat J, Dahl PE, Dietz R, Evans M, Gamberg M, Gauthier MJ, Gérin-Lajoie J, Hauptmann AL, Heath JP, Henri DA, Kirk J, Laird B, Lemire M, Lennert AE, Letcher RJ, Lord S, Loseto L, MacMillan GA, Mikaelsson S, Mutter EA, O'Hara T, Ostertag S, Robards M, Shadrin V, Smith M, Stimmelmayr R, Sudlovenick E, Swanson H, Thomas PJ, Walker VK, Whiting A. Contributions and perspectives of Indigenous Peoples to the study of mercury in the Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156566. [PMID: 35697218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arctic Indigenous Peoples are among the most exposed humans when it comes to foodborne mercury (Hg). In response, Hg monitoring and research have been on-going in the circumpolar Arctic since about 1991; this work has been mainly possible through the involvement of Arctic Indigenous Peoples. The present overview was initially conducted in the context of a broader assessment of Hg research organized by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. This article provides examples of Indigenous Peoples' contributions to Hg monitoring and research in the Arctic, and discusses approaches that could be used, and improved upon, when carrying out future activities. Over 40 mercury projects conducted with/by Indigenous Peoples are identified for different circumpolar regions including the U.S., Canada, Greenland, Sweden, Finland, and Russia as well as instances where Indigenous Knowledge contributed to the understanding of Hg contamination in the Arctic. Perspectives and visions of future Hg research as well as recommendations are presented. The establishment of collaborative processes and partnership/co-production approaches with scientists and Indigenous Peoples, using good communication practices and transparency in research activities, are key to the success of research and monitoring activities in the Arctic. Sustainable funding for community-driven monitoring and research programs in Arctic countries would be beneficial and assist in developing more research/monitoring capacity and would promote a more holistic approach to understanding Hg in the Arctic. These activities should be well connected to circumpolar/international initiatives to ensure broader availability of the information and uptake in policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Eva M Krümmel
- Inuit Circumpolar Council - Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tero Mustonen
- Snowchange Cooperative, Selkie, North Karelia, Finland
| | - Jeremy Brammer
- Vuntut Gwitchin Government, Old Crow, YT, Canada; Environment and Climate Chance Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Chételat
- Environment and Climate Chance Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marlene Evans
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel P Heath
- The Arctic Eider Society, Sanikiluaq, NU, Canada
| | | | - Jane Kirk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Laird
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Lord
- Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board, Inuvik, NWT, Canada
| | - Lisa Loseto
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Edda A Mutter
- Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Todd O'Hara
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Martin Robards
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | | | - Merran Smith
- Council of Yukon First Nations, Whitehorse, YT, Canada
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16
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Muhl EK, Armitage D, Silver J, Swerdfager T, Thorpe H. Indicators are Relational: Navigating Knowledge and Power in the Development and Implementation of Coastal-Marine Indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:448-463. [PMID: 35616655 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In many environment and resource management contexts (e.g., integrated coastal management, ecosystem-based fisheries management), indicator selection and development are perceived as a largely technical, bureaucratic, and scientific challenge. As such, choices about indicators and their application are often treated as external from everyday politics and dynamics of social power. Our aim here is to highlight the value of a relational perspective that weaves power and knowledge together in the context of indicator development and implementation. We highlight four critical dimensions of this relational perspective that may lead to better indicator process outcomes: 1) centering identity and positionality to reflect power differentials; 2) emphasizing the importance of indicator 'fit' and the politics of scale; 3) engaging rather than erasing social-ecological complexity; and 4) reflecting on social norms and relationships to foster adaptation and learning. These four dimensions are rarely considered in most indicator initiatives, including those that are more participatory in design and implementation. The dimensions we outline here emerge from the grounded experience of managers and practitioners, including indicator processes in which we are currently engaged, as well as a scoping review of the literature on indicators for coastal and marine governance and conservation specifically. However, the four dimensions and relational focus are relevant to a wide range of resource and environmental management contexts and provide a pathway to catalyze more effective indicator processes for decision-making and governance more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - D Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J Silver
- Department of Geography, Environment & Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - T Swerdfager
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - H Thorpe
- Parks Canada, Revelstoke, BC, Canada
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17
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Stevens M, Norris DR. A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13876. [PMID: 34907584 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence-based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in-depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time-intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed-method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in-house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Stevens
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Roche DG, O'Dea RE, Kerr KA, Rytwinski T, Schuster R, Nguyen VM, Young N, Bennett JR, Cooke SJ. Closing the knowledge-action gap in conservation with open science. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13835. [PMID: 34476839 PMCID: PMC9300006 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge-action gap in conservation science and practice occurs when research outputs do not result in actions to protect or restore biodiversity. Among the diverse and complex reasons for this gap, three barriers are fundamental: knowledge is often unavailable to practitioners and challenging to interpret or difficult to use or both. Problems of availability, interpretability, and useability are solvable with open science practices. We considered the benefits and challenges of three open science practices for use by conservation scientists and practitioners. First, open access publishing makes the scientific literature available to all. Second, open materials (detailed methods, data, code, and software) increase the transparency and use of research findings. Third, open education resources allow conservation scientists and practitioners to acquire the skills needed to use research outputs. The long-term adoption of open science practices would help researchers and practitioners achieve conservation goals more quickly and efficiently and reduce inequities in information sharing. However, short-term costs for individual researchers (insufficient institutional incentives to engage in open science and knowledge mobilization) remain a challenge. We caution against a passive approach to sharing that simply involves making information available. We advocate a proactive stance toward transparency, communication, collaboration, and capacity building that involves seeking out and engaging with potential users to maximize the environmental and societal impact of conservation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G. Roche
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary ScienceCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Institut de BiologieUniversité de NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kecia A. Kerr
- Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) ‐ Northern Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaCanada
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary ScienceCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Richard Schuster
- Nature Conservancy of CanadaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Vivian M. Nguyen
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary ScienceCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary ScienceCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary ScienceCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
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19
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Indigenous-Led Nature-Based Solutions for the Climate Crisis: Insights from Canada. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an international and national overview of climate change and biodiversity frameworks and is focused on emerging evidence of Indigenous leadership and collaborations in Canada. After introducing the international context and describing the national policy landscape, we provide preliminary evidence documenting emerging national, regional, and local examples of Indigenous-led collaborative conservation projects and nature-based climate change solutions for the climate crisis. Based on our preliminary data, we suggest that Indigenous peoples and communities are well-positioned and currently have and will continue to play important roles in the protection, conservation management, and restoration of lands and waters in Canada and globally. These efforts are critical to the global mitigation, sequestration, and storage of greenhouse gases (GHGs) precipitating the climate crisis while also building adaptive resiliency to reduce impacts. Emerging Canadian evidence suggests that there are a diversity of co-benefits that Indigenous-led nature-based solutions to climate change and biodiversity protection bring, enabled by creating ethical space for reconciliation and conservation collaborations.
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Hughes C, Tremblett K, Kummer J, Lee TS, Duke D. How Can We Do Citizen Science Better? A Case Study Evaluating Grizzly Bear Citizen Science Using Principles of Good Practice in Alberta, Canada. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091068. [PMID: 35565495 PMCID: PMC9102148 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Citizen science offers an excellent opportunity to engage the public in scientific data collection, educational opportunities, and applied management. However, the practicalities of developing a citizen science program, from generating ideas to developing tools, implementing programming, and evaluating outcomes, are complex and challenging. To address challenges and provide a foundation for practitioners, scientists, and the public, the Government of Alberta developed a set of citizen science principles. Here, we use these principles as an evaluative framework to assess the outcomes of the GrizzTracker program, which was developed to help inform provincial species-at-risk recovery efforts. While the program experienced some successes, we identified challenges, including skepticism from the scientific community about the utility of citizen science and a lack of program leadership, staff capacity, and funding needs for long-term implementation. Reflecting on the principles, we provide policy recommendations that future citizen science programs can consider. Abstract Citizen science offers an excellent opportunity to engage the public in scientific data collection, educational opportunities, and applied management. However, the practicalities of developing and implementing citizen science programming are often more complex than considered. Some challenges to effective citizen science include scientists’ skepticism about the ability of public participants to rigorously collect quality data; a lack of clarity on or confidence in the utility of data; scientists’ hesitancy in engaging the public in projects; limited financial commitments; and challenges associated with the temporal and geographic scales of projects. To address these challenges, and provide a foundation upon which practitioners, scientists, and the public can credibly engage in citizen science, the Government of Alberta developed a set of citizen science principles. These principles offer a framework for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating citizen science projects that extend beyond Alberta. Here, we present a case study using these principles to evaluate GrizzTracker, a citizen science program developed to help inform provincial species-at-risk recovery efforts. While we found that GrizzTracker applied each of the six principles in some way, including successful public engagement, strengthened relationships, and raising public awareness about northwest Alberta’s grizzly bears, we also identified a number of challenges. These included ongoing skepticism from the traditional scientific community about the utility of citizen science and governance challenges related to program leadership, staff capacity, and funding. By using the principles as a guideline, we provide policy recommendations for future citizen science efforts, including considerations for program design, implementation, and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Hughes
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, 9607 Shand Avenue, Box 239, Grande Cache, AB T0E 0Y0, Canada; (K.T.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Krista Tremblett
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, 9607 Shand Avenue, Box 239, Grande Cache, AB T0E 0Y0, Canada; (K.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Justine Kummer
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, 9607 Shand Avenue, Box 239, Grande Cache, AB T0E 0Y0, Canada; (K.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Tracy S. Lee
- Miistakis Institute, Mount Royal University, Rm U271 Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (T.S.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Danah Duke
- Miistakis Institute, Mount Royal University, Rm U271 Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (T.S.L.); (D.D.)
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21
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Beausoleil D, Munkittrick K, Dubé MG, Wyatt F. Essential components and pathways for developing Indigenous community-based monitoring: Examples from the Canadian oil sands region. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:407-427. [PMID: 34224211 PMCID: PMC9291151 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Historically, environmental research and monitoring in the Alberta oil sands region (OSR) located in northeastern Alberta, Canada, have largely neglected, meaningful Indigenous participation. Through years of experience on the land, Indigenous knowledge (IK) holders recognize change on the landscape, drawing on inextricable links between environmental health and practicing traditional rights. The cumulative impacts of crude oil production are of great concern to Indigenous communities, and monitoring initiatives in the OSR provide unique opportunities to develop Indigenous community-based monitoring (ICBM). A review of ICBM literature on the OSR from 2009 to 2020 was completed. Based on this review, we identify best practices in ICBM and propose governance structures and a framework to support meaningful integration of ICBM into regulatory environmental monitoring. Because it involves multimedia monitoring and produces data and insights that integrate many aspects of the environment, ICBM is important for natural science research. ICBM can enhance the relevance of environmental monitoring by examining relationships between physical and chemical stressors and culturally relevant indicators, so improving predictions of long-term changes in the environment. Unfortunately, many Indigenous communities distrust researchers owing to previous experiences of exploitive use of IK. In the present paper, we recommend important practices for the integration of IK into regional environmental monitoring programs. ICBM is important to communities because it includes conditions to which communities can exercise traditional rights, and highlight how industrial activities affect this ability. Equally important, ICBM can generate a resurgence of Indigenous languages and subsequently traditional practices; it can also revive the connection with traditional lands and improve food security. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:407-427. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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22
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Roberts DR, Hazewinkel RO, Arciszewski TJ, Beausoleil D, Davidson CJ, Horb EC, Sayanda D, Wentworth GR, Wyatt F, Dubé MG. An integrated knowledge synthesis of regional ambient monitoring in Canada's oil sands. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:428-441. [PMID: 34331737 PMCID: PMC9291055 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The desire to document and understand the cumulative implications of oil sands (OS) development in the ambient environment of northeastern Alberta has motivated increased investment and release of information in the past decade. Here, we summarize the knowledge presented in the theme-based review papers in this special series, including air, surface water, terrestrial biology, and Indigenous community-based monitoring in order to (1) consolidate knowledge gained to date, (2) highlight key commonalities and gaps, and (3) leverage this knowledge to assess the state of integration in environmental monitoring efforts in the OS region and suggest next steps. Among air, water, and land studies, the individual reviews identified a clear focus on describing stressors, including primarily (1) contaminant emission, transport, transformation, deposition, and exposure, and (2) landscape disturbance. These emphases are generally partitioned by theme; air and water studies focus heavily on chemical stressors, whereas terrestrial monitoring focuses on biological change and landscape disturbance. Causal attribution is often stated as a high priority objective across all themes. However, studies often rely on spatial proximity to attribute cause to industrial activity, leaving causal attribution potentially confounded by spatial covariance of both OS- and non-OS-related stressors in the region, and by the complexity of interacting pathways between sources of environmental change and ecological receptors. Geospatial and modeling approaches are common across themes and may represent clear integration opportunities, particularly to help inform investigation-of-cause, but are not a replacement for robust field monitoring designs. Cumulative effects assessment remains a common focus of regional monitoring, but is limited in the peer-reviewed literature, potentially reflecting a lack of integration among monitoring efforts beyond narrow integrated interpretations of results. Addressing this requires greater emphasis on a priori integrated data collection and integrated analyses focused on the main residual exposure pathways, such as atmospheric deposition. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:428-441. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Erin C. Horb
- Alberta Environment and ParksCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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23
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Salafsky N, Irvine R, Boshoven J, Lucas J, Prior K, Bisaillon J, Graham B, Harper P, Laurin AY, Lavers A, Neufeld L, Margoluis R. A practical approach to assessing existing evidence for specific conservation strategies. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Irvine
- Parks Canada Agency, National Office Gatineau Quebec Canada
| | | | | | - Kent Prior
- Parks Canada Agency, National Office Gatineau Quebec Canada
| | | | - Becky Graham
- Parks Canada Agency, National Office Gatineau Quebec Canada
| | - Paul Harper
- Parks Canada Agency, National Office Gatineau Quebec Canada
| | | | - Amanda Lavers
- Parks Canada Agency, National Office Gatineau Quebec Canada
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24
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Piczak ML, Brooks JL, Bard B, Bihun CJ, Howarth A, Jeanson AL, LaRochelle L, Bennett JR, Lapointe NWR, Mandrak NE, Cooke SJ. Revisiting the challenge: perspectives on Canada’s freshwater fisheries policies three decades after the Pearse Report. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A seminal report by Peter H. Pearse (1988; Rising to the Challenge: A New Policy for Canada’s Freshwater Fisheries, Canadian Wildlife Federation, Ottawa) outlined 62 policy recommendations focused on the management of Canada’s inland fisheries. Over three decades later, freshwater ecosystems and inland fisheries in Canada are still facing similar challenges with many emerging ones that could not have been foreseen. Here, we reflect on the contemporary relevance of the Pearse Report and propose recommendations that policy makers should consider. Broadly, our recommendations are: (1) manage fishes, fisheries, and habitat using a holistic co-management framework, with clearly defined fishery jurisdictions and partnerships with Indigenous governments; (2) engage in transparent, inclusive, and agile research to support decision-making; (3) facilitate knowledge co-production, involving interdisciplinary projects with diverse groups of actors and sectors including Indigenous Peoples, anglers, policy makers, scientists/researchers, governments, and the public; (4) embrace technological advances to support freshwater fisheries stock assessment and management; and (5) align policy and management activities in Canada with global initiatives related to increasing the sustainability of inland fisheries. We advocate for an updated comprehensive report such as the Pearse Report to ensure that we embrace robust, inclusive, and sustainable management strategies and policies for Canada’s inland fisheries for the next 30 years. It is time to again rise to the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Piczak
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jill L. Brooks
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Brittany Bard
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Howarth
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Amanda L. Jeanson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - Luc LaRochelle
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nicolas W. R. Lapointe
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Federation, Ottawa, ON K2M 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicholas E. Mandrak
- Department of Biological Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
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25
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Menzies A, Bowles E, Gallant M, Patterson H, Kozmik C, Chiblow S, McGregor D, Ford A, Popp J. “I see my culture starting to disappear”: Anishinaabe perspectives on the socioecological impacts of climate change and future research needs. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change disproportionately affects Indigenous Peoples because of strong connections between environmental, cultural, and spiritual well-being. While much of the global discourse surrounding climate change is founded in Western science, the holistic, place-based knowledge of Indigenous Peoples offers a complementary way of understanding and mitigating climate change impacts. The goal of this research was to elevate Anishinaabe concerns, observations, and perspectives about climate change impacts and future research needs. We organized a workshop called “Connecting Guardians in a Changing World” where participants shared concerns about animal and plant life cycles, water cycles and water quality, and impacts to ways of life, including reduced capacity to perform cultural practices and erosion of their knowledge. Participants highlighted the challenge of prioritizing a single impact of climate change, emphasizing that impacts to the environment and ways of life are interconnected. Participants also expressed the need for research and policy that move beyond interdisciplinarity to include intercultural philosophy and research that better reflects Indigenous worldviews and incorporates Indigenous methodologies. Moving forward, meaningful partnerships and opportunities for knowledge sharing should be prioritized in climate change discourse to ensure solutions are generated together, with all of the tools and knowledge available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Menzies
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E. Bowles
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - M. Gallant
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E2, Canada
| | - H. Patterson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C. Kozmik
- Lands and Resources Department, Magnetawan First Nation, ON P0G 1A0, Canada
| | - S. Chiblow
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Garden River First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - D. McGregor
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z3, Canada
| | - A. Ford
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J.N. Popp
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E2, Canada
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26
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Febria C, Donaldson C, Ives J, Keeshig K. Pluralistic approaches in research aim to advance farming and freshwater restoration in the Great Lakes basin. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Irvine RL, Prior K, Cooke SJ, Salafsky N. A more nuanced analysis of evidence-based decision-making by Canada’s protected area managers: a comment on Lemieux et al. (2021). Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L. Irvine
- Parks Canada Agency, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, 30 rue Victoria, Gatineau, QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Kent Prior
- Parks Canada Agency, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, 30 rue Victoria, Gatineau, QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nick Salafsky
- Foundations of Success, 4109 Maryland Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
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28
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Sadowsky H, Brunet ND, Anaviapik A, Kublu A, Killiktee C, Henri DA. Inuit youth and environmental research: exploring engagement barriers, strategies, and impacts. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Community leadership in Arctic environmental research is increasingly recognized as one of many pathways to Indigenous self-determination in Nunavut, Canada. While experienced Inuit hunters, trappers, and other recognized environmental knowledge experts are commonly included in research, similar opportunities for Inuit youth to meaningfully engage in environmental research remain limited. Finding ways to increase scientific literacy, particularly among Inuit youth, has been identified as an important step in the continuation of high-quality Arctic environmental research. This paper examines community perspectives on the roles and contributions of Inuit youth in environmental research in Nunavut, barriers that Inuit youth face in becoming meaningfully engaged in field-based environmental research, and strategies for enhancing Inuit youth engagement. Our study was conducted in Pond Inlet, Nunavut, and used interviews, workshops, and observation to gather stories and knowledge from community members about field- and land-based experiential learning pathways. This study found that a complex set of barriers, including a lack of credentials and support systems, among others, may inhibit meaningful Inuit youth engagement in environmental research. Key findings from the study support the view that collaborative land-based research activities can be an effective and meaningful method of enhancing scientific literacy among Inuit youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sadowsky
- School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicolas D. Brunet
- School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alex Anaviapik
- Ikaarvik Barriers to Bridges, Hamlet of Pond Inlet, Nunavut, X0A 0S0, Canada
| | - Abraham Kublu
- Ikaarvik Barriers to Bridges, Hamlet of Pond Inlet, Nunavut, X0A 0S0, Canada
| | - Cara Killiktee
- Ikaarvik Barriers to Bridges, Hamlet of Pond Inlet, Nunavut, X0A 0S0, Canada
| | - Dominique A. Henri
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
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29
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Drake A, Perkovic A, Reeve C, Alexander S, Nguyen V, Dunmall K. Community participation in coastal and marine research and monitoring in Inuit Nunangat: a scoping literature review. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Canada, the participation of Indigenous communities in research and monitoring is growing in response to calls for partnerships and heightened interest in bridging Indigenous and Western science-based knowledge. Yet, as settler scholars, we have noted inconsistencies in the articulation and operationalization of community participation in peer-reviewed literature. We conducted a scoping review of community participation in coastal and marine research and monitoring across Inuit Nunangat. This resulted in 72 studies, most of which were undertaken in Nunavut. Fourteen terms were used to articulate community participation, the most common being: participate, collaborate, community-based, consult, or variations of these terms. Among the studies that used community participation terms, we found that authors only defined terms 10% of the time. Community participation was operationalized primarily through interviews, mapping, and field observations. We assessed studies across a spectrum of community participation levels and found that most studies (81%) reflected minimal levels of participation (i.e., consultative, contractual, and less than contractual). Our results highlight the need for clarity in language use, transparency in reporting research practices, and stronger efforts to support Indigenous leadership and decision-making authority, all of which must be defined on a community or project basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Drake
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A. Perkovic
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C. Reeve
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - S.M. Alexander
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - V.M. Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - K.M. Dunmall
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
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30
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Schuurman GW, Cole DN, Cravens AE, Covington S, Crausbay SD, Hoffman CH, Lawrence DJ, Magness DR, Morton JM, Nelson EA, O'Malley R. Navigating Ecological Transformation: Resist–Accept–Direct as a Path to a New Resource Management Paradigm. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Natural resource managers worldwide face a growing challenge: Intensifying global change increasingly propels ecosystems toward irreversible ecological transformations. This nonstationarity challenges traditional conservation goals and human well-being. It also confounds a longstanding management paradigm that assumes a future that reflects the past. As once-familiar ecological conditions disappear, managers need a new approach to guide decision-making. The resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework, designed for and by managers, identifies the options managers have for responding and helps them make informed, purposeful, and strategic choices in this context. Moving beyond the diversity and complexity of myriad emerging frameworks, RAD is a simple, flexible, decision-making tool that encompasses the entire decision space for stewarding transforming ecosystems. Through shared application of a common approach, the RAD framework can help the wider natural resource management and research community build the robust, shared habits of mind necessary for a new, twenty-first-century natural resource management paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor W Schuurman
- US National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - David N Cole
- US Forest Service, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, Montana, United States
| | - Amanda E Cravens
- US Geological Survey's Social and Economic Analysis Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Scott Covington
- US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System, Falls Church, Virginia, United States
| | - Shelley D Crausbay
- Conservation Science Partners, Inc, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- US Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Cat Hawkins Hoffman
- Supervisory natural resource specialist and program manager, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - David J Lawrence
- US National Park Service Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Dawn R Magness
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, Alaska, United States
| | - John M Morton
- Alaska Wildlife Alliance, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Nelson
- Science advisor on conservation and climate change at Parks Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin O'Malley
- USGS North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, and is based in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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31
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Dickson‐Hoyle S, Ignace RE, Ignace MB, Hagerman SM, Daniels LD, Copes‐Gerbitz K. Walking on two legs: a pathway of Indigenous restoration and reconciliation in fire‐adapted landscapes. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dickson‐Hoyle
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ronald E. Ignace
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Marianne B. Ignace
- Department of Indigenous Studies and Department of Linguistics Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive, Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Shannon M. Hagerman
- Department of Forest Resources Management University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lori D. Daniels
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Kelsey Copes‐Gerbitz
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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32
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Kadykalo AN, Cooke SJ, Young N. The role of western‐based scientific, Indigenous and local knowledge in wildlife management and conservation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Kadykalo
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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33
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Duc Bo Massey M, Arif S, Albury C, Cluney VA. Ecology and evolutionary biology must elevate BIPOC scholars. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:913-919. [PMID: 33694263 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Black, Indigenous and people of colour (BIPOC) individuals are disproportionately impacted by the negative consequences of our ongoing environmental and climate crises, yet their valuable scientific voices are shockingly underrepresented within the fields of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB). As early-career BIPOC EEB researchers, we recognise the key role that our fields play in understanding and mitigating the effects of our ongoing global crises, and are concerned about the lack of diversity we see among our own EEB cohorts and mentors. We present this piece as a call to action for the EEB Academy, drawing on our own experiences and the literature to suggest steps the Academy must take to increase representation of and equity for BIPOC graduate scholars in EEB. We synthesise these steps into four actionable ideas: anti-racism education and practice, increased funding opportunities, integration of diverse cultural perspectives and a community-minded shift in PhDs. Importantly, this advice is specifically directed at those who wield power in the Academy (e.g. funding agencies, societies, institutions, departments and faculty), rather than BIPOC scholars already struggling against inequitable frameworks in EEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Duc Bo Massey
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Oxford St. B3H 3Z1, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Suchinta Arif
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Oxford St. B3H 3Z1, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Catalina Albury
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Oxford St. B3H 3Z1, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Victoria A Cluney
- Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick, 150-2 Cliffe St, Fredericton, NB, E3A 0A1, Canada
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34
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Beyond Institutional Ethics: Anishinaabe Worldviews and the Development of a Culturally Sensitive Field Protocol for Aquatic Plant Research. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS2) guides knowledge production and dissemination in Canada. While it is intended to protect vulnerable populations from harm, it fails to consider Anishinaabe worldviews and, by extension, to effectively direct ethical water research with aquatic plant life. Using Anishinaabe oral testimony and oral stories, Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation (NAN) and the University of Guelph (UofG) co-developed a culturally sensitive field protocol to respect Manomin (Wild Rice) as an other-than-human being and guide research into Manomin restoration. By illuminating key directives from NAN, this article showcases the limitations of institutional ethics in Canada. It concludes with recommendations to broaden TCPS2 to better address Anishinaabe teachings about plant and animal relations, but ultimately challenges institutional Research Ethics Boards (REBs) to relinquish control and respect Indigenous Nations’ right to govern research within their territories.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Germida
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jules M. Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Suzanne Kettley
- Canadian Science Publishing, 1840 Woodward Drive, Suite 1, Ottawa, ON K2C 0P7, Canada
| | - Judy Busnarda
- Canadian Science Publishing, 1840 Woodward Drive, Suite 1, Ottawa, ON K2C 0P7, Canada
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36
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Blais JM. The first five years of FACETS: Canada’s multidisciplinary open access academy journal. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jules M. Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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37
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Chaudhury A, Colla S. Next steps in dismantling discrimination: Lessons from ecology and conservation science. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aadita Chaudhury
- Department of Science and Technology Studies York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sheila Colla
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change York University Toronto Ontario Canada
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