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Schaefer JK, Engert V, Valk SL, Singer T, Puhlmann LM. Mapping pathways to neuronal atrophy in healthy, mid-aged adults: From chronic stress to systemic inflammation to neurodegeneration? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100781. [PMID: 38725445 PMCID: PMC11081785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates systemic inflammation in the loss of structural brain integrity in natural ageing and disorder development. Chronic stress and glucocorticoid exposure can potentiate inflammatory processes and may also be linked to neuronal atrophy, particularly in the hippocampus and the human neocortex. To improve understanding of emerging maladaptive interactions between stress and inflammation, this study examined evidence for glucocorticoid- and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in healthy mid-aged adults. N = 169 healthy adults (mean age = 39.4, 64.5% female) were sampled from the general population in the context of the ReSource Project. Stress, inflammation and neuronal atrophy were quantified using physiological indices of chronic stress (hair cortisol (HCC) and cortisone (HEC) concentration), systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), the systemic inflammation index (SII), hippocampal volume (HCV) and cortical thickness (CT) in regions of interest. Structural equation models were used to examine evidence for pathways from stress and inflammation to neuronal atrophy. Model fit indices indicated good representation of stress, inflammation, and neurological data through the constructed models (CT model: robust RMSEA = 0.041, robust χ2 = 910.90; HCV model: robust RMSEA <0.001, robust χ2 = 40.95). Among inflammatory indices, only the SII was positively associated with hair cortisol as one indicator of chronic stress (β = 0.18, p < 0.05). Direct and indirect pathways from chronic stress and systemic inflammation to cortical thickness or hippocampal volume were non-significant. In exploratory analysis, the SII was inversely related to mean cortical thickness. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the multidimensionality of systemic inflammation and chronic stress, with various indicators that may represent different aspects of the systemic reaction. We conclude that inflammation and glucocorticoid-mediated neurodegeneration indicated by IL-6 and hs-CRP and HCC and HEC may only emerge during advanced ageing and disorder processes, still the SII could be a promising candidate for detecting associations between inflammation and neurodegeneration in younger and healthy samples. Future work should examine these pathways in prospective longitudinal designs, for which the present investigation serves as a baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Schaefer
- Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Research Group “Social Stress and Family Health”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Clinic, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofie L. Valk
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M.C. Puhlmann
- Research Group “Social Stress and Family Health”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Mao L, Xiao W, Chen P. Natural killer cells immunosenescence and the impact of lifestyle management. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 689:149216. [PMID: 37976836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NKs) are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that quickly respond to viruses, infections, and tumors during their short cell life cycle. However, it was recently found that NKs undergo quantitative, distributional, structural, and functional phenotypic changes during aging that suppress immune responses, which is known as immunosenescence. The aging host environment, cytokine regulation, cytomegalovirus status, and hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis have significant effects on NK function. Different lifestyle management interventions modulate the number and cytotoxic activity of NKs, which are essential for rebuilding the immune barrier against pathogens in elderly individuals. Based on recent studies, we review the phenotypic changes of and potential threats of NKs during aging and explore the underlying mechanisms. By summarizing the effects of lifestyle management on NKs and their application prospects, we aim to provide evidence for enhancing immune system function against immune diseases in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Liwei Mao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Peijie Chen
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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3
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Faviana P, Boldrini L, Gronchi L, Galli L, Erba P, Gentile C, Lippolis PV, Marchetti E, Di Stefano I, Sammarco E, Chapman AD, Bardi M. Steroid Hormones as Modulators of Emotional Regulation in Male Urogenital Cancers. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:836-848. [PMID: 36459332 PMCID: PMC10713796 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors develop within an organism operating in a specific social and physical environment. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two of the most abundant steroid hormones in humans, are involved in both emotional regulation and the tumor progression. Several studies reported preclinical findings that DHEA can have preventive and therapeutic efficacy in treating major age-associated diseases, including cancer, although the mechanisms of action are not yet defined. The main aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between psychological and physiological emotional regulation and cancer development. METHOD This study assessed the quality of life of urogenital cancer male patients using several validated tools, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and the Profile of Mood States. Saliva samples were collected to monitor peripheral activity of both cortisol and DHEA. It was hypothesized that patients with a better quality of life would have higher levels of the DHEA/cortisol ratios. RESULTS We found that the quality of life was positively related to DHEA, but not cortisol levels. Negative mood increases were related to lower levels of DHEA. Logistic regression of the predictors of metastases indicated three main independent factors involved: DHEA, age, and cortisol. In other words, the higher the DHEA levels in comparison to cortisol levels, controlling for age, the lower the probability of metastases. CONCLUSION Our results appear to support the hypothesis that emotional dysregulation mediated by DHEA/cortisol activity is a key factor in the probability of metastasis in urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Gronchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Erba
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gentile
- Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elio Marchetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iosè Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Sammarco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alex D Chapman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
| | - Massimo Bardi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
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4
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Snodgrass RG, Jiang X, Stephensen CB, Laugero KD. Cumulative physiological stress is associated with age-related changes to peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:29. [PMID: 37353855 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive age-associated change in frequencies and functional capacities of immune cells is known as immunosenescence. Despite data linking chronic environmental, physiological, and psychosocial stressors with accelerated aging, how stress contributes to immunosenesence is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To help delineate the contribution of cumulative physiological stress on immunosensence we assessed relationships between a composite measurement of cumulative physiological stress, reflecting the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular system, and metabolic processes, and lymphocyte changes typically affiliated with aging in a cohort of healthy volunteers ranging from 18 to 66 y. RESULTS Physiological stress load positively correlated with subject age in the study cohort and was significantly higher in adults 50-66 y compared to adults 18-33 y and 34-49 y. Using physiological stress load, we identified a significant age-dependent association between stress load and frequencies of circulating regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). Frequencies were higher in younger participants, but only in participants exhibiting low physiological stress load. As stress load increased, frequencies of Tregs decreased in young participants but were unchanged with increasing stress load in middle and older age individuals. Follow-up analysis of stress load components indicated lower circulating DHEA-S and higher urinary norepinephrine as the primary contributors to the effects of total stress load on Tregs. In addition, we identified age-independent inverse associations between stress load and frequencies of naïve Tregs and naïve CD4 T cells and positive associations between stress load and frequencies of memory Tregs and memory CD4 T cells. These associations were primarily driven by stress load components waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, CRP, and HbA1c. In summary, our study results suggest that, in younger people, physiological stress load may diminish regulatory T cell frequencies to levels seen in older persons. Furthermore, independent of age, stress load may contribute to contraction of the naïve Treg pool and accumulation of memory Treg cells. CLINICAL TRIAL Registered on ClincialTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02367287).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Snodgrass
- Immunity and Disease Prevention Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Immunity and Disease Prevention Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Immunity and Disease Prevention Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Suh E, Cho AR, Haam JH, Gil M, Lee YK, Kim YS. Relationship between Serum Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Levels, and Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4027. [PMID: 37373720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal steroid hormones, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), are associated with the immune system in opposite actions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cortisol and DHEAS serum concentrations, their ratio (CDR), and natural killer cell activity (NKA). This cross-sectional study included 2275 subjects without current infection or inflammation in the final analyses. NKA was estimated by measuring the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released by activated natural killer cells; low NKA was defined as IFN-γ level < 500 pg/mL. Cortisol, DHEAS levels, and CDRs were categorized by quartiles in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Compared with the lowest quartile as reference, the adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for low NKA of the highest cortisol and CDR group were 1.66 (1.09-2.51) and 1.68 (1.11-2.55) in men, 1.58 (1.07-2.33) and 2.33 (1.58-3.46) in premenopausal women, and 2.23 (1.28-3.87) and 1.85 (1.07-3.21) in postmenopausal women. Only in premenopausal women, the highest DHEAS group showed significantly lower risk of low NKA (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.76). HPA axis activation indicated as high cortisol level, CDR was significantly associated with low NKA, while high DHEAS levels were inversely associated with low NKA in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Suh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- NKMAX Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyong Lee
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
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Davis KM, Rosinger AY, Murdock KW. Ex vivo LPS-stimulated cytokine production is associated with hydration status in community-dwelling middle-to-older-aged adults. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1681-1690. [PMID: 36790579 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suboptimal hydration has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes. Few studies have examined the impact of hydration status on immune function, a plausible physiological mechanism underlying these associations. Therefore, we tested how variation in hydration status was associated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from a community sample of healthy middle-to-older-aged adults (N = 72). These samples were used to assess serum osmolality, a biomarker of hydration status, and markers of immune function including circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production after 4 and 24 h of incubation with LPS. Multiple linear regressions were used to test the association between serum osmolality (as a continuous variable) and markers of immune function at baseline and after 4 and 24 h adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. These models were re-estimated with serum osmolality dichotomized at the cut-off for dehydration (> 300 mOsm/kg). RESULTS While not significantly associated with circulating cytokines (B = - 0.03, p = 0.09), serum osmolality was negatively associated with both 4 h (B = - 0.05, p = 0.048) and 24 h (B = - 0.05, p = 0.03) stimulated cytokine production when controlling for age, sex, and BMI. Similarly, dehydration was associated with significantly lower cytokine production at both 4 h (B = - 0.54, p = 0.02) and 24 h (B = - 0.51, p = 0.02) compared to adequate hydration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dehydration may be associated with suppressed immune function in generally healthy middle-to-older aged community-dwelling adults. Further longitudinal research is needed to more clearly define the role of hydration in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kyle W Murdock
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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7
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Ahmed T, Qassem M, Kyriacou PA. Measuring stress: a review of the current cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) measurement techniques and considerations for the future of mental health monitoring. Stress 2023; 26:29-42. [PMID: 36625303 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2164187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress and its inevitable trajectory toward mental health deteriorations such as clinical and major depression has become an unprecedented global burden. The diagnostic procedures involved in the characterization of mental illnesses commonly follow qualitative and subjective measures of stress, often leading to greater socioeconomic burdens due to misdiagnosis and poor understanding of the severity of such illnesses, further fueled by the stigmatization surrounding mental health. In recent years, the application of cortisol and stress hormone measurements has given rise to an alternative, quantifiable approach for the psychological evaluation of stress and depression. This review comprehensively evaluates the current state-of-the-art technology for measuring cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and their applications within stress monitoring in humans. Recent advancements in these fields have shown the importance of measuring stress hormones for the characterization of stress manifestation within the human body, and its relevance in mental health decline. Preliminary results from studies considering multimodal approaches toward stress monitoring have showcased promising developments, emphasizing the need for further technological advancement in this field, which consider both neurochemical and physiological biomarkers of stress, for global benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashfia Ahmed
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London, UK
| | - Meha Qassem
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London, UK
| | - Panicos A Kyriacou
- Research Centre of Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London, UK
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Oliver MH, Jaquiery AL, Connor KL, Phua HH, Harding JE, Thorstensen EB, Bloomfield FH. Effect of maternal periconceptional undernutrition in sheep on cortisol regulation in offspring from mid-late gestation, through to adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122432. [PMID: 36817600 PMCID: PMC9932192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal periconceptional undernutrition (PCUN) alters fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) function and placental glucocorticoid metabolism in sheep. The effects of PCUN on HPAA function in adult life are not known. We investigated the effects of PCUN on fetal adrenal development across gestation and on cortisol regulation in adult offspring. METHODS Ewes were undernourished from 61 days before to 30 days after conception ('PCUN') or fed ad libitum ('N'). mRNA expression in the fetal adrenal gland of ACTH receptor (ACTHR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1), 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2), and in the fetal hippocampus of 11βHSD1, 11βHSD2, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was determined at 50 (adrenal only), 85, 120 and 131 days of gestation (term=148 days). In adult offspring (≥ 3 years, N; 10 female, 5 male, PCUN; 10 female, 10 male) a combined arginine vasopressin (AVP, 0.1 μg/kg) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, 0.5 μg/kg) challenge and a metyrapone (40 mg/kg) challenge were undertaken. mRNA expression of ACTHR, STAR and CYP17A1 were determined in adult adrenals. RESULTS Fetal adrenal STAR, CYP17A1 and IGF2 mRNA expression were not different between groups in early gestation but were higher in PCUN than N at 131 days' gestation (all p<0.01). PCUN reduced fetal hippocampal MR and GR mRNA expression by 50% at 85 day, but not in later gestation. Adult offspring plasma cortisol responses to AVP+CRH or metyrapone were not different between groups. Plasma ACTH response to AVP+CRH was lower in PCUN males but ACTH response to metyrapone was not different between groups. Adult adrenal ACTHR, STAR, and CYP17A1 mRNA expression were not affected by PCUN. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the effects of PCUN on fetal HPAA function that became apparent in late gestation, are not reflected in adrenal cortisol secretion in mid-adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Oliver
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Mark H. Oliver,
| | - Anne L. Jaquiery
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristin L. Connor
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Hui Phua
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E. Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Takeshita RS, Edler MK, Meindl RS, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD, Raghanti MA. Age, adrenal steroids, and cognitive functioning in captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14323. [PMID: 36389417 PMCID: PMC9653054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate is the most abundant circulating androgen in humans and other catarrhines. It is involved in several biological functions, such as testosterone production, glucocorticoid antagonist actions, neurogenesis and neuroplasticty. Although the role of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) in cognition remains elusive, the DHEAS/cortisol ratio has been positively associated with a slower cognitive age-decline and improved mood in humans. Whether this relationship is found in nonhuman primates remains unknown. Methods We measured DHEAS and cortisol levels in serum of 107 adult chimpanzees to investigate the relationship between DHEAS levels and age. A subset of 21 chimpanzees was used to test the potential associations between DHEAS, cortisol, and DHEAS/cortisol ratio in cognitive function, taking into account age, sex, and their interactions. We tested for cognitive function using the primate cognitive test battery (PCTB) and principal component analyses to categorize cognition into three components: spatial relationship tasks, tool use and social communication tasks, and auditory-visual sensory perception tasks. Results DHEAS levels, but not the DHEAS/cortisol ratio, declined with age in chimpanzees. Our analyses for spatial relationships tasks revealed a significant, positive correlation with the DHEAS/cortisol ratio. Tool use and social communication had a negative relationship with age. Our data show that the DHEAS/cortisol ratio, but not DHEAS individually, is a promising predictor of spatial cognition in chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S.C. Takeshita
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Melissa K. Edler
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Richard S. Meindl
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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10
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Dubouchet L, Todorov H, Seurinck R, Vallet N, Van Gassen S, Corneau A, Blanc C, Zouali H, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Ingram B, de Latour RP, Saeys Y, Socié G, Michonneau D. Operational tolerance after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is characterized by distinct transcriptional, phenotypic, and metabolic signatures. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg3083. [PMID: 35196024 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying operational tolerance after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in humans are poorly understood. We studied two independent cohorts of patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Primary tolerance was associated with long-lasting reshaping of the recipients' immune system compared to their healthy donors with an increased proportion of regulatory T cell subsets and decreased T cell activation, proliferation, and migration. Transcriptomics profiles also identified a role for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in the regulation of immune cell functions. We then compared individuals with operational tolerance and nontolerant recipients at the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic level. We observed alterations centered on CD38+-activated T and B cells in nontolerant patients. In tolerant patients, cell subsets with regulatory functions were prominent. RNA sequencing analyses highlighted modifications in the tolerant patients' transcriptomic profiles, particularly with overexpression of the ectoenzyme NT5E (encoding CD73), which could counterbalance CD38 enzymatic functions by producing adenosine. Further, metabolomic analyses suggested a central role of androgens in establishing operational tolerance. These data were confirmed using an integrative approach to evaluating the immune landscape associated with operational tolerance. Thus, balance between a CD38-activated immune state and CD73-related production of adenosine may be a key regulator of operational tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Todorov
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Seurinck
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpétrière (CyPS), UMS037-PASS, Sorbonne Université-Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpétrière (CyPS), UMS037-PASS, Sorbonne Université-Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Habib Zouali
- Centre d'étude du polymorphisme humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre d'étude du polymorphisme humain, 75010 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Regis Peffault de Latour
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gérard Socié
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France.,Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - David Michonneau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, F-75010 Paris, France.,Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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11
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Tournikioti K, Alevizaki M, Michopoulos I, Mantzou A, Soldatos C, Douzenis A, Dikeos D, Ferentinos P. Cortisol to Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate Ratio and Executive Function in Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 80:342-351. [PMID: 33508827 DOI: 10.1159/000513512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with impairment in cognitive domains such as verbal memory and executive functions. Very few studies have assessed dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) in BD and its relation to cognitive functioning despite evidence showing its regulatory effects on glucocorticoid action. The aim of our study was to explore the association of cortisol, DHEA-S, and cortisol to DHEA-S ratio with visuospatial memory and executive functioning in BD. METHODS Cognitive performance of 60 bipolar I patients and 30 healthy subjects was evaluated by using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery tasks targeting visuospatial memory (spatial recognition memory) and executive functions (planning [Stockings of Cambridge; SOC] and attentional set shifting [ID/ED]). Morning serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels were measured in patients. Main effects of cortisol, DHEA-S, and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio for each neurocognitive task were explored in multiple regression analyses correcting for demographic and clinical parameters as well as treatment-related factors (current use of antipsychotic and mood stabilizer medication). RESULTS Bipolar patients showed poorer performance than healthy subjects in planning and attentional set shifting but not in visuospatial memory. Cortisol to DHEA-S ratio predicted worse performance in planning (SOC). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess memory and executive function in BD in relation to DHEA-S and cortisol to DHEA-S ratio. We report an association of cortisol to DHEA-S ratio with worse performance in planning in bipolar I patients, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Tournikioti
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece,
| | - Maria Alevizaki
- Endocrine Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- Mental Health Care Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Soldatos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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12
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López‐Torres MO, Marquina‐Castillo B, Ramos‐Espinosa O, Mata‐Espinosa D, Barrios‐Payan JA, Baay‐Guzman G, Yepez SH, Bini E, Torre‐Villalvazo I, Torres N, Tovar A, Chamberlin W, Ge Y, Carranza A, Hernández‐Pando R. 16α-Bromoepiandrosterone as a new candidate for experimental diabetes-tuberculosis co-morbidity treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:232-245. [PMID: 33866550 PMCID: PMC8274213 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single bacterial infectious agent and is one of the most relevant issues of public health. Another pandemic disease is type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) that is estimated to affect half a billion people in the world. T2D is directly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle and is frequently associated with immunosuppression. Immune dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia increases infection frequency and severity. Thus, in developing countries the T2D/TB co-morbidity is frequent and represents one of the most significant challenges for the health-care systems. Several immunoendocrine abnormalities are occurring during the chronic phase of both diseases, such as high extra-adrenal production of active glucocorticoids (GCs) by the activity of 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-βHSD1). 11-βHSD1 catalyzes the conversion of inactive cortisone to active cortisol or corticosterone in lungs and liver, while 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11-βHSD2) has the opposite effect. Active GCs have been related to insulin resistance and suppression of Th1 responses, which are deleterious factors in both T2D and TB. The anabolic adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts antagonistic effects on GC signaling in immune cells and metabolic tissues; however, its anabolic effects prohibit its use to treat immunoendocrine diseases. 16α-bromoepiandrosterone (BEA) is a water miscible synthetic sterol related to DHEA that lacks an anabolic effect while amplifying the immune and metabolic properties with important potential therapeutic uses. In this work, we compared the expression of 11-βHSD1 and the therapeutic efficacy of BEA in diabetic mice infected with tuberculosis (TB) (T2D/TB) with respect to non-diabetic TB-infected mice (TB). T2D was induced by feeding mice with a high-fat diet and administering a single low-dose of streptozotocin. After 4 weeks of T2D establishment, mice were infected intratracheally with a high-dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Then, mice were treated with BEA three times a week by subcutaneous and intratracheal routes. Infection with TB increased the expression of 11-βHSD1 and corticosterone in the lungs and liver of both T2D/TB and TB mice; however, T2D/TB mice developed a more severe lung disease than TB mice. In comparison with untreated animals, BEA decreased GC and 11-βHSD1 expression while increasing 11-βHSD2 expression. These molecular effects of BEA were associated with a reduction in hyperglycemia and liver steatosis, lower lung bacillary loads and pneumonia. These results uphold BEA as a promising effective therapy for the T2D/TB co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Othoniel López‐Torres
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Brenda Marquina‐Castillo
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Octavio Ramos‐Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Dulce Mata‐Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Jorge A. Barrios‐Payan
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Guillermina Baay‐Guzman
- Oncological Diseases Research UnitHospital Infantil de Mexico ‘Federico Gomez’Mexico CityMexico
| | - Sara Huerta Yepez
- Oncological Diseases Research UnitHospital Infantil de Mexico ‘Federico Gomez’Mexico CityMexico
| | - Estela Bini
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Ivan Torre‐Villalvazo
- Physiology of Nutrition DepartmentInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Physiology of Nutrition DepartmentInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Armando Tovar
- Physiology of Nutrition DepartmentInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Yu Ge
- Protibea Therapeutics LLCNaplesFloridaUSA
| | - Andrea Carranza
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos AiresInstituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Rogelio Hernández‐Pando
- Experimental Pathology SectionDepartment of PathologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
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13
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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14
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Gassen J, White JD, Peterman JL, Mengelkoch S, Proffitt Leyva RP, Prokosch ML, Eimerbrink MJ, Brice K, Cheek DJ, Boehm GW, Hill SE. Sex differences in the impact of childhood socioeconomic status on immune function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9827. [PMID: 33972662 PMCID: PMC8110986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress increases one's risk for health problems later in life, and many studies find that these effects are sex-differentiated. Here, we examined relationships between multiple sources of early life stress and adult immune function in humans across several functional assays. Adult participants provided retrospective information about their childhood (a) socioeconomic status, (b) household unpredictability, and (c) exposure to adverse experiences. Participants' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then isolated for use in functional assays of immune performance: (a) tumor cell lysis by natural killer cells, (b) phagocytosis of Escherichia coli bioparticles, and (c) mitogen-induced leukocyte proliferation and cytokine release. In men, lower childhood socioeconomic status predicted decrements in immunological performance across functional assays, along with greater spontaneous cytokine release from PBMCs. These changes co-occurred with elevations in plasma testosterone levels. Similar effects were not observed for other sources of stress, nor were they found in women (with the exception of spontaneous cytokine release). These findings provide evidence that low childhood socioeconomic status has a lasting negative impact on multiple aspects of immune function, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gassen
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, 1214 S 4th St, Waco, TX, 76706, USA.
| | - Jordon D White
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Julia L Peterman
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Randi P Proffitt Leyva
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Marjorie L Prokosch
- Florida Institute of Built Environment Resilience, University of Florida, 606 SE Depot Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Micah J Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Kelly Brice
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Dennis J Cheek
- Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, 2800 W Bowie St, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Gary W Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
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15
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Kallen V, Tahir M, Bedard A, Bongers B, van Riel N, van Meeteren N. Aging and Allostasis: Using Bayesian Network Analytics to Explore and Evaluate Allostatic Markers in the Context of Aging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020157. [PMID: 33494482 PMCID: PMC7912325 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load reflects the cumulative strain on organic functions that may gradually evolve into overt disease. Our aim was to evaluate the allostatic parameters in the context of aging, and identify the parameters that may be suitable for an allostatic load index for elderly people (>60 years). From previously published studies, 11 allostatic (bio)markers could be identified that sustain sufficient variability with aging to capture meaningful changes in health status. Based on reported statistics (prevalence of a biomarker and its associated outcome, and/or an odds/risk ratio relating these two), seven of these could be adopted in a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN), providing the probability of “disturbed” allostasis in any given elder. Additional statistical analyses showed that changes in IL-6 and BMI contributed the most to a “disturbed” allostasis, indicating their prognostic potential in relation to deteriorating health in otherwise generally healthy elderly. In this way, and despite the natural decline in variance that irrevocably alters the prognostic relevance of most allostatic (bio)markers with aging, it appeared possible to outline an allostatic load index specifically for the elderly. The allostatic parameters here identified might consequently be considered a useful basis for future quantitative modelling in the context of (healthy) aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kallen
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (A.B.)
- The Physical Activity and Nutrition INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Consortium: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.B.); (N.v.R.); (N.v.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (A.B.)
- The Physical Activity and Nutrition INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Consortium: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.B.); (N.v.R.); (N.v.M.)
| | - Andrew Bedard
- Department of Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Bart Bongers
- The Physical Activity and Nutrition INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Consortium: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.B.); (N.v.R.); (N.v.M.)
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism/Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natal van Riel
- The Physical Activity and Nutrition INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Consortium: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.B.); (N.v.R.); (N.v.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5300 Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nico van Meeteren
- The Physical Activity and Nutrition INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Consortium: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (B.B.); (N.v.R.); (N.v.M.)
- Health~Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences and Health, Wilhelmina van Pruisenweg 104, 2595 AN The Hague, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Modulation of attention and stress with arousal: The mental and physical effects of riding a motorcycle. Brain Res 2021; 1752:147203. [PMID: 33482998 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Existing theories suggest that moderate arousal improves selective attention, as would be expected in the context of competitive sports or sensation-seeking activities. Here we investigated how riding a motorcycle, an attention-demanding physical activity, affects sensory processing. To do so, we implemented the passive auditory oddball paradigm and measured the EEG response of participants as they rode a motorcycle, drove a car, and sat at rest. Specifically, we measured the N1 and mismatch negativity to auditory tones, as well as alpha power during periods of no tones. We investigated whether riding and driving modulated non-CNS metrics including heart rate and concentrations of the hormones epinephrine, cortisol, DHEA-S, and testosterone. While participants were riding, we found a decrease in N1 amplitude, increase in mismatch negativity, and decrease in relative alpha power, together suggesting enhancement of sensory processing and visual attention. Riding increased epinephrine levels, increased heart rate, and decreased the ratio of cortisol to DHEA-S. Together, these results suggest that riding increases focus, heightens the brain's passive monitoring of changes in the sensory environment, and alters HPA axis response. More generally, our findings suggest that selective attention and sensory monitoring seem to be separable neural processes.
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17
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Akazawa N, Tanahashi K, Kosaki K, Kumagai H, Oikawa S, Hamasaki A, Maeda S. The impact of aerobic fitness on arterial stiffness and adrenal cortex hormones in middle-aged and older adults. Endocr J 2020; 67:1199-1205. [PMID: 32741887 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in arterial stiffness with advance aging is a risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with the imbalance of adrenal cortex hormones, especially with the cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs) ratio. However, the impact of aerobic fitness on arterial stiffness and cortisol/DHEAs ratio is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness, arterial stiffness, and cortisol/DHEAs ratio. A total of 198 middle-aged and older adults (aged 50-79 years old) participated in this study. The aerobic fitness evaluated by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) as an indicator of arterial stiffness, and serum cortisol and DHEAs and their ratio were measured. The subjects were divided into the lower (n = 100) and the higher (n = 98) aerobic fitness groups based on the median value of VO2peak. There were no significant differences in serum cortisol and DHEAs concentration alone between the lower and higher fitness groups. However, the cortisol/DEHAs ratio and cfPWV in the higher fitness group was smaller than in the lower fitness group (p < 0.05). The cortisol/DHEAs ratio was significantly correlated with cfPWV (r = 0.159, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the cortisol/DHEAs ratio is associated with aerobic fitness and arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tanahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Ai Hamasaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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18
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Angelova G, Skodova T, Prokopiusova T, Markova M, Hruskova N, Prochazkova M, Pavlikova M, Spanhelova S, Stetkarova I, Bicikova M, Kolatorova L, Rasova K. Ambulatory Neuroproprioceptive Facilitation and Inhibition Physical Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis and Modulates Serum Level of Neuroactive Steroids: A Two-Arm Parallel-Group Exploratory Trial. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110267. [PMID: 33142850 PMCID: PMC7693100 DOI: 10.3390/life10110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Only few studies have monitored the potential of physical activity training and physical therapy to modulate the reaction of the endocrine system. In this study, the effect of neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition physical therapy on clinical outcomes and neuroactive steroids production in people with multiple sclerosis was evaluated. Moreover, we were interested in the factors that influence the treatment effect. Methods: In total, 44 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into two groups. Each group underwent a different kind of two months ambulatory therapy (Motor program activating therapy and Vojta’s reflex locomotion). During the following two months, participants were asked to continue the autotherapy. Primary (serum level of cortisol, cortisone, 7α-OH-DHEA, 7β-OH-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, DHEA) and secondary (balance, cognition and patient-reported outcomes) outcomes were examined three times (pre, post, and washout assessments). Results: In both groups, there is a decreasing trend of 7-oxo-DHEA concentration in post-assessment and 7β-OH-DHEA in washout versus pre-assessment. A higher impact on neuroactive steroids is visible after Vojta’s reflex locomotion. As for clinical outcomes, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale significantly improved between post-assessment and washout assessment. The improvement was similar for both treatments. Conclusions: Neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition improved the clinical outcomes and led to non-significant changes in neuroactive steroids. Trial registration (NCT04379193).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Angelova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tereza Skodova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Terezie Prokopiusova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Markova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Natalia Hruskova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marie Prochazkova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marketa Pavlikova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarka Spanhelova
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine, Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Bicikova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Kamila Rasova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: or
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19
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Whitham JC, Bryant JL, Miller LJ. Beyond Glucocorticoids: Integrating Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into Animal Welfare Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081381. [PMID: 32784884 PMCID: PMC7459918 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare researchers are committed to identifying novel measures for enhancing the quality of life of individual animals. Recently, welfare scientists have emphasized the need for tracking multiple indicators of an animal's behavioral, emotional and mental health. Researchers are currently focused on integrating non-invasive physiological biomarkers to gain insight into an individual's welfare status. Most commonly, the animal welfare community has analyzed glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolites as a measure of stress. While glucocorticoids provide valuable information about hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, there are limitations to utilizing these hormones as the sole measure of long-term stress and welfare. Other biomarkers, such as dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester-collectively referred to as DHEA(S)-help provide a more complete picture of HPA activity. DHEA(S) counteracts the effects glucocorticoids by having anti-aging, immune-enhancing and neuroprotective properties. Recent studies have examined the ratio of glucocorticoids to DHEA(S) as a way to better understand how the HPA axis is functioning. There is evidence that this ratio serves as an indicator of immune function, mental health, cognitive performance and overall welfare. We review studies that employed the glucocorticoid:DHEA(S) ratio, outline methodological considerations and discuss how researchers can integrate glucocorticoids, DHEA(S) and the glucocorticoid:DHEA(S) ratio into welfare assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Whitham
- Chicago Zoological Society-Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-708-288-3829
| | | | - Lance J. Miller
- Chicago Zoological Society-Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA;
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Almoosavi SMMS, Ghoorchi T, Naserian AA, Ramezanpor SS, Ghaffari MH. Long-term impacts of late-gestation maternal heat stress on growth performance, blood hormones and metabolites of newborn calves independent of maternal reduced feed intake. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106433. [PMID: 32402999 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress in late gestation independent of maternal reduced feed intake on performance, blood hormones and metabolites, and immune responses of dairy calves from birth through weaning. A total of 30 multiparous Holstein cows at 45 d before expected calving were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) thermal neutral (CL, n = 10) conditions with ad libitum feed intake (10% of refusals on an as-fed basis); (2) pair-fed thermal neutral (CLPF, n = 10) conditions to reduce feed intake to levels similar to the heat stress (HS) group while reared under thermoneutral conditions (80% of the CL group); or (3) heat stress (HS, n = 10) conditions with ad libitum feed intake. Pair-feeding was conducted to quantify the confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake. Calves (10/group) born to cows that were exposed to cooling (IU-CL), pair-feeding (IU-CLPF), or heat stress (IU-HS) were used from birth through weaning. After birth, all the calves were managed under identical conditions. IU-HS calves had lower birth weight, and hip height at birth and 14 d of age. Compared with IU-CL and IU-CLPF calves, IU-HS calves had lower serum concentration of IgG and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption but higher serum insulin concentrations. Cortisol concentration in serum was higher in IU-HS and IU-CLPF calves compared to IU-CL calves. The neutrophil percentage was lower in IU-CL calves than in IU-HS and IU-CLPF calves. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was higher in IU-HS calves compared to IU-CLPF and IU-CL calves. The mRNA expression of TNFα of IU-HS calves was downregulated compared with IU-CL and IU-CLPF calves. In summary, maternal HS during late gestation reduces calf birth weight and dramatically alters blood hormones and metabolites, but its effect on immune system function was not independent of maternal reduced feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M M Seyed Almoosavi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran.
| | - T Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran
| | - A A Naserian
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48978, Iran
| | - S S Ramezanpor
- Department of Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Scarola SJ, Bardi M. Environmental enrichment modulates inflammation during development in long-evans rats (Rattus norvegicus). Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:183-191. [PMID: 32573778 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators during the life span is caused by aging per se or via the combination of a cumulative allostatic load due to life challenges. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of stress and environmental enrichment on the inflammatory status associated with aging in rats. Animals were assigned to the following five treatment groups: chronic stress with and without environmental enrichment; acute stress with and without environmental enrichment; control animals. Enrichment was provided as an open field containing novel objects (30 min three times per week). Animals assigned to chronic stress groups were exposed to predator sound stressors (e.g., hawk sound) for 30 min daily, while animals assigned to acute stress groups were exposed once a week for 30 min. The interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system was investigated by measuring metabolized dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and peripheral levels of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Results suggested that inflamm-aging was more pronounced in animals with low DHEA levels, which in turn were affected by exposure to environmental enrichment and acute stress. This study showed that environmental enrichment and acute stress can significantly attenuate disruptions in DHEA production, consequently contributing to improved neuroimmune function of aging animals.
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Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Siboni L, Vida C, De la Fuente M. High perceived stress in women is linked to oxidation, inflammation and immunosenescence. Biogerontology 2019; 20:823-835. [PMID: 31396798 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress situations lead to an impairment of immune response and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress, which are important underlying mechanisms of the ageing process. However, given that the physiological stress response depends on the subjective appraisal of a given stressor, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect that different degrees of perceived stress have, regardless of their type, on immune functions, oxidative and inflammatory stress and ageing rate of women (30-50 years old). For that purpose, a group of 49 women was classified, according to their scores obtained in the perceived stress scale (PSS), into low (n = 23), moderate (n = 14) and high (n = 12) degree of perceived stress. The immune functions studied were: neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation and LPS-stimulated cytokine release. Basal cytokine release was studied as an inflammatory stress marker. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant compounds (oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde) were also investigated in whole blood as markers of oxidative stress. The results show that, in general, women with a moderate or high degree of perceived stress have a worse immune functionality and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress compared to women with low stress perception. In addition, a positive correlation was found between PSS scores and the biological age of each woman (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, high levels of perceived stress in women are associated with a higher oxidative and inflammatory stress and immunosenescence, which seem to accelerate their ageing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Miguélez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - León Siboni
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Lam JCW, Shields GS, Trainor BC, Slavich GM, Yonelinas AP. Greater Lifetime Stress Exposure Predicts Blunted Cortisol but Heightened DHEA Responses to Acute Stress. Stress Health 2019; 35:15-26. [PMID: 30110520 PMCID: PMC6377358 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although prior research has examined how early adversity and chronic stress exposure relate to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to acute stress, to date, no studies have examined how stressors occurring over the entire lifespan predict such responses. To address this issue, we recruited 61 healthy young adults and measured their exposure to 55 different types of acute life events and chronic difficulties occurring over the lifespan. In addition, we characterized differences in participants' HPA axis responses to acute stress by measuring their salivary cortisol and DHEA responses to the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups. Greater cumulative stress exposure was associated with a blunted cortisol response, but a heightened DHEA response, to the acute stressor. Moreover, it was participants' exposure to these stressors (i.e., lifetime count), not their perceived severity, which predicted their cortisol and DHEA responses to acute stress. Furthermore, differential effects were observed by stress exposure domain. Notably, only adulthood and marital/partner stressors significantly predicted cortisol responses to acute stress, whereas stress was more uniformly associated with DHEA responses to the acute stressor. These results thus reveal how cumulative stress exposure is associated with HPA axis responsivity to acute stress, while highlighting the fact that different stressors may have substantially different associations with these biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovian C. W. Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian C. Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yiallouris A, Tsioutis C, Agapidaki E, Zafeiri M, Agouridis AP, Ntourakis D, Johnson EO. Adrenal Aging and Its Implications on Stress Responsiveness in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:54. [PMID: 30792695 PMCID: PMC6374303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging results in subtle changes both in ACTH and cortisol secretion. Most notable is the general increase in mean daily serum cortisol levels in the elderly, without a noteworthy alteration in the normal circadian rhythm pattern. Glucocorticoid excess seen in the elderly population can have serious consequences in both the structural and functional integrity of various key areas in the brain, including the hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, with consequent impairment in normal memory, cognitive function, and sleep cycles. The chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels also impinge on the normal stress response in the elderly, leading to an impaired ability to recover from stressful stimuli. In addition to the effects on the brain, glucocorticoid excess is associated with other age-related changes, including loss of muscle mass, hypertension, osteopenia, visceral obesity, and diabetes, among others. In contrast to the increase in glucocorticoid levels, other adrenocortical hormones, particularly serum aldosterone and DHEA (the precursor to androgens and estrogens) show significant decreases in the elderly. The underlying mechanisms for their decrease remain unclear. While the adrenomedullary hormone, norephinephrine, shows an increase in plasma levels, associated with a decrease in clearance, no notable changes observed in plasma epinephrine levels in the elderly. The multiplicity and complexity of the adrenal hormone changes observed throughout the normal aging process, suggests that age-related alterations in cellular growth, differentiation, and senescence specific to the adrenal gland must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Yiallouris
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Laboratory of Education & Research Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Tsioutis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Zafeiri
- Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Elizabeth O. Johnson
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Laboratory of Education & Research Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth O. Johnson
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Older Human B Cells and Antibodies. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cells have a number of different roles in the immune response. Their excellent antigen presentation potential can contribute to the activation of other cells of the immune system, and evidence is emerging that specialized subsets of these cells, that may be increased with age, can influence the cell-mediated immune system in antitumor responses. They can also regulate immune responses, to avoid autoreactivity and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in regulatory B cells may be beneficial in cancer but will only exacerbate the inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of aging. The B cell role as antibody producers is particularly important, since antibodies perform numerous different functions in different environments. Although studying tissue responses in humans is not as easy as in mice, we do know that certain classes of antibodies are more suited to protecting the mucosal tissues (IgA) or responding to T-independent bacterial polysaccharide antigens (IgG2) so we can make some inference with respect to tissue-specific immunity from a study of peripheral blood. We can also make inferences about changes in B cell development with age by looking at the repertoire of different B cell populations to see how age affects the selection events that would normally occur to avoid autoreactivity, or increase specificity, to antigen.
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Network cultivation, diurnal cortisol and biological ageing: The rejuvenation hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 122:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ha MS, Son WM. Combined exercise is a modality for improving insulin resistance and aging-related hormone biomarkers in elderly Korean women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 114:13-18. [PMID: 30359693 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional decline of the endocrine and immune systems with aging causes changes in the regulation of the body's metabolism and defense functions. Although it is impossible to stop aging artificially, regular exercises reportedly delay aging and have positive effects on senile diseases. The improvements in insulin resistance values and aging-related hormones in elderly women after combined exercises have not been effectively elucidated. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of combined exercise on insulin resistance and aging-related hormones in elderly women. METHODS Twenty elderly Korean women were randomly assigned to a "non-exercise" (n = 10) or combined exercise group (n = 10). The exercise group performed both anaerobic and aerobic exercises for 12 weeks, three times per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually, from 40% to 70% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) every 3 weeks. Insulin resistance, growth hormone, IGF-1, DHEA-S, and estrogen were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS The main effect was found in the glucose level for a time, which significantly decreased in the exercise group. The insulin level and HOMA-IR showed significant interaction effects and increased significantly in the control group. The GH level showed significant interaction effects and increased significantly in the exercise group. The IGF-1 level showed significant interaction effects, but not significantly within and between groups. The DHEA-S level revealed interaction effects and the main effect for a time and significantly increased in the exercise group. The estrogen level exhibited an interaction effect and increased significantly in the exercise group. After the 12-week combined exercise intervention, no significant difference was observed between groups. DISCUSSION This study has shown that 12-week combined exercise is useful for improving insulin resistance and GH, IGF-1, and DHEA-S levels in elderly women. Thus, this study provides evidence that combined exercise is a useful therapeutic method to decrease insulin resistance and stimulate the secretion of aging-related hormones in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seong Ha
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
| | - Won-Mok Son
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Edes AN, Wolfe BA, Crews DE. The first multi-zoo application of an allostatic load index to western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:135-149. [PMID: 29746855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate stress responses are highly adaptive biological functions, maximizing survival probability in life-threatening situations. However, experiencing repeated and/or chronic stressors can generate physiological dysregulation and lead to disease. Because stress responses are multi-systemic and involve a wide range of physiological functions, identifying responses to stressors is best accomplished using integrated biomarker models. Allostatic load, defined as the physiological dysregulation that accumulates over the lifespan due to stressful experiences, is one such model. Allostatic load is measured using allostatic load indices, which are composites of biomarkers from multiple somatic systems. Previously, we reported the use of a 7-biomarker allostatic load index (albumin, CRH, cortisol, DHEA-S, glucose, IL-6, TNF-α) in western lowland gorillas housed at a single zoo. Herein, this index is expanded to examine allostatic load responses to lifetime stressors in gorillas from two additional zoos (n = 63) as well as two pooled samples. The index was created using quartile cut-points for each biomarker. Significant associations were observed between multiple predictor variables and allostatic load, including sex, age, number of stressful events (anesthetic events, zoo transfers, agonistic interactions with wounding, pregnancies), and rearing history (mother-reared, nursery-reared, wild-caught). Additionally, allostatic load was associated with indicators of morbidity (creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides), age at death, and mortality risk. These results are consistent with those reported in human allostatic load research, suggesting allostatic load indices have potential as an investigative and clinical tool for gorillas and other great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Edes
- Department of Anthropology, 174 West 18th Ave., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Barbara A Wolfe
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, 1920 Coffey Rd., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Douglas E Crews
- Department of Anthropology, 174 West 18th Ave., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; College of Public Health, 1841 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Hirokawa K, Fujii Y, Taniguchi T, Takaki J, Tsutsumi A. Association Between Cortisol to DHEA-s Ratio and Sickness Absence in Japanese Male Workers. Int J Behav Med 2017; 25:362-367. [PMID: 29164484 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-017-9700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s) and sickness absence over 2 years in Japanese male workers. METHOD A baseline survey including questions about health behavior, along with blood sampling for cortisol and DHEA-s, was conducted in 2009. In total, 429 men (mean ± SD age, 52.9 ± 8.6 years) from whom blood samples were collected at baseline were followed until December 31, 2011. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sickness absence were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 35 workers who took sickness absences, 31 had physical illness. A high cortisol to DHEA-s ratio increased the risk of sickness absence (crude HR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.12-6.41; adjusted HR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.35-8.20). The cortisol to DHEA-s ratio was linearly associated with an increased risk of sickness absence (p for trend < .050). Single effects of cortisol and DHEA-s levels were not associated with sickness absences. This trend did not change when limited to absences resulting from physical illness. CONCLUSION Hormonal conditions related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and adrenal function should be considered when predicting sickness absence. The cortisol to DHEA-s ratio may be more informative than single effects of cortisol and DHEA-s levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Hirokawa
- Department of Nursing, Baika Women's University, 2-19-5 Shukunosho, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8578, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Fujii
- Department of Welfare System and Health Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiyo Taniguchi
- Department of Welfare System and Health Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Jiro Takaki
- Department of Public Health, Sanyo Gakuen University Graduate School of Nursing, 1-14-1 Hirai, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8501, Japan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Buford TW. (Dis)Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:80. [PMID: 28709450 PMCID: PMC5512975 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents one of the most consistent biologic features of aging. However, the precise etiology of persistent low-grade increases in inflammation remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a key role in age-related inflammation. Indeed, several studies have indicated that older adults display an altered composition of the gut microbiota, and early evidence indicates that this dysbiosis is associated with the presence of several key circulating inflammatory analytes. The present review summarizes knowledge on age-related inflammation and discusses how potential relationships with gut dysbiosis may lead to novel treatment strategies in the future."The pattern of disease is an expression of the response of man to his total environment (physical, biological, and social); this response is, therefore, determined by anything that affects man himself or his environment." - Rene Dubos, 1961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 933 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Transcriptional regulation of RACK1 and modulation of its expression: Role of steroid hormones and significance in health and aging. Cell Signal 2017; 35:264-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Di Blasio A, Izzicupo P, Di Baldassarre A, Gallina S, Bucci I, Giuliani C, Di Santo S, Di Iorio A, Ripari P, Napolitano G. Walking training and cortisol to DHEA-S ratio in postmenopause: An intervention study. Women Health 2017; 58:387-402. [PMID: 28328386 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1310168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The literature indicates that the plasma cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) ratio is a marker of health status after menopause, when a decline in both estrogen and DHEA-S and an increase in cortisol occur. An increase in the cortisol-to-DHEA-S ratio has been positively correlated with metabolic syndrome, all-cause mortality, cancer, and other diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a walking program on the plasma cortisol-to-DHEA-S ratio in postmenopausal women. Fifty-one postmenopausal women participated in a 13-week supervised walking program, in the metropolitan area of Pescara (Italy), from June to September 2013. Participants were evaluated in April-May and September-October of the same year. The linear mixed model showed that the variation of the log10Cortisol-to-log10DHEA-S ratio was associated with the volume of exercise (p = .03). Participants having lower adherence to the walking program did not have a significantly modified log10Cortisol or log10DHEA-S, while those having the highest adherence had a significant reduction in log10Cortisol (p = .016) and a nearly significant increase in log10DHEA-S (p = .084). Walking training appeared to reduce the plasma log10Cortisol-to-log10DHEA-S ratio, although a minimum level of training was necessary to achieve this significant reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Blasio
- a Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- b Human Morphology Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- b Human Morphology Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- c Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , " G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- a Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Cesidio Giuliani
- a Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Serena Di Santo
- a Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Angelo Di Iorio
- d Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Patrizio Ripari
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- a Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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Buoso E, Galasso M, Ronfani M, Serafini MM, Lanni C, Corsini E, Racchi M. Role of spliceosome proteins in the regulation of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms by cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:180-187. [PMID: 28373129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can counteract the activity of cortisol by modulating the glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) expression and antagonizing the binding of GRα to the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) in RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) promoter. These observations are important in the context of immunosenescence and can be extended to recognize a complex hormonal balance in the control of GR isoform expression and consequently in the expression of GR responsive genes. To elucidate the mechanism of DHEA on GR alternative splicing, we investigated its possible involvement in the expression of proteins such as the Serine/arginine (SR)-Rich Splicing Factors (SRSF) regulating GR splicing, specifically SRSF9 and SRSF3 also known as SRp30c and SRp20 respectively. We demonstrated that DHEA can induce the up-regulation of GR mRNA which is preferentially directed toward the β isoform. The effect is due to an increase in expression of the splicing factor SRSF9. On the other hand cortisol up-regulated SRSF3, the splicing factor promoting GRα isoform. We demonstrated that DHEA and cortisol modulate SRSF9 and SRSF3 in a different way and our data suggest that the anti-glucocorticoid effect of DHEA, among other mechanisms, is also exerted by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the splicing of the GR pre-mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Melania Ronfani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Melania Maria Serafini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco - Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Consumption of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances systemic immune response, antioxidative capacity and HPA axis functions in aged male swiss albino mice. Biogerontology 2017; 18:367-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kamin HS, Kertes DA. Cortisol and DHEA in development and psychopathology. Horm Behav 2017; 89:69-85. [PMID: 27979632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are the most abundant hormones of the human fetal and adult adrenals released as end products of a tightly coordinated endocrine response to stress. Together, they mediate short- and long-term stress responses and enable physiological and behavioral adjustments necessary for maintaining homeostasis. Detrimental effects of chronic or repeated elevations in cortisol on behavioral and emotional health are well documented. Evidence for actions of DHEA that offset or oppose those of cortisol has stimulated interest in examining their levels as a ratio, as an alternate index of adrenocortical activity and the net effects of cortisol. Such research necessitates a thorough understanding of the co-actions of these hormones on physiological functioning and in association with developmental outcomes. This review addresses the state of the science in understanding the role of DHEA, cortisol, and their ratio in typical development and developmental psychopathology. A rationale for studying DHEA and cortisol in concert is supported by physiological data on the coordinated synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenal and by their opposing physiological actions. We then present evidence that researching cortisol and DHEA necessitates a developmental perspective. Age-related changes in DHEA and cortisol are described from the perinatal period through adolescence, along with observed associations of these hormones with developmental psychopathology. Along the way, we identify several major knowledge gaps in the role of DHEA in modulating cortisol in typical development and developmental psychopathology with implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Kamin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Darlene A Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Edes AN. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), sex, and age in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Primates 2017; 58:385-392. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Di Blasio A, Morano T, Cianchetti E, Gallina S, Bucci I, Di Santo S, Tinari C, Di Donato F, Izzicupo P, Di Baldassarre A, Cimini A, Napolitano G. Psychophysical health status of breast cancer survivors and effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 27:19-26. [PMID: 28438275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the health status of breast cancer survivors and the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training. Twenty-three breast cancer survivors (51.71 ± 3.17 years) and 23 healthy women (50.73 ± 2.97 years) were investigated for body composition, daily physical activity, quality of life, salivary cortisol, and DHEA-S. Breast cancer survivors were then aerobically trained for 12 weeks. Breast cancer survivors have a worse psychophysical health than healthy women. Aerobic training increased salivary DHEA-S, aerobic fitness, self-reported health, and nocturnal sleeping time and reduced salivary cortisol in breast cancer survivors. Salivary cortisol variation correlated with change of sleeping time and self-reported health. Salivary DHEA-S correlated with change of self-reported physical pain and general health as well. Breast cancer survivors can live in a situation of continuous distress, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Twelve weeks of aerobic training improve the psychophysical health of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Teresa Morano
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Ettore Cianchetti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of General Surgery Specialised in Senology of the 'G. Bernabeo' Hospital, Ortona, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Serena Di Santo
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Camilla Tinari
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cimini
- Department of General Surgery Specialised in Senology of the 'G. Bernabeo' Hospital, Ortona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Gallagher S, Sumner RC, Muldoon OT, Creaven AM, Hannigan A. Unemployment is associated with lower cortisol awakening and blunted dehydroepiandrosterone responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 69:41-9. [PMID: 27018925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has investigated the endocrinological consequences of unemployment as a likely pathway behind chronic stress and negative health outcomes. Despite these early attempts at delineating the neuroendocrine consequences of the chronic stress experienced by the unemployed, identifying a consistent and stable effect has remained elusive. Here we sought to strengthen existing knowledge into the effect of the stress of employment status on cortisol by improving on the methodological weaknesses of earlier studies and extend this line of enquiry by measuring the steroid hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate (DHEAS). Saliva samples were collected from unemployed and employed participants at four time points across two days. As expected, unemployed people reported higher stress, lower social support and lower self-esteem. Unexpectedly, the unemployed showed lower overall cortisol output, a likely consequence of a higher cortisol awakening response (CAR) in the employed. However, they also had a higher DHEA output across the day, albeit the diurnal pattern across the day was more dysregulated compared to that seen in those employed with a blunted response evident in the evening; the cortisol:DHEAS ratio was also lower in the unemployed group. Further, these hormone differences were correlated with self-esteem and stress. Taken together these results suggest that the relationship between employment status and endocrine responses is far more complicated than previously thought. We have shown for the first time that unemployed people have a lower CAR, but also show a blunted DHEA response relative to those employed and we suggest that this may be a feature of chronic stress exposure or perhaps dependent on the prevailing socio-economic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gallagher
- Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety, Stress & Health (SASHLab), Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Rachel C Sumner
- Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety, Stress & Health (SASHLab), Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Orla T Muldoon
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Social Issues Research (CSI-R), University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Creaven
- Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety, Stress & Health (SASHLab), Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Social Issues Research (CSI-R), University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ailish Hannigan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland
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Herbert J, Lucassen PJ. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis - What do we need to know? Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:153-71. [PMID: 26746105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression (MDD) is prodromal to, and a component of, Alzheimer's disease (AD): it may also be a trigger for incipient AD. MDD is not a unitary disorder, so there may be particular subtypes of early life MDD that pose independent high risks for later AD, though the identification of these subtypes is problematical. There may either be a common pathological event underlying both MDD and AD, or MDD may sensitize the brain to a second event ('hit') that precipitates AD. MDD may also accelerate brain ageing, including altered DNA methylation, increased cortisol but decreasing DHEA and thus the risk for AD. So far, genes predicting AD (e.g. APOEε4) are not risk factors for MDD, and those implicated in MDD (e.g. SLC6A4) are not risks for AD, so a common genetic predisposition looks unlikely. There is as yet no strong indication that an epigenetic event occurs during some forms of MDD that predisposes to later AD, though the evidence is limited. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are disturbed in some cases of MDD and in AD. GCs have marked degenerative actions on the hippocampus, a site of early β-amyloid deposition, and rare genetic variants of GC-regulating enzymes (e.g. 11β-HSD) predispose to AD. GCs also inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, and thus episodic memory, a core symptom of AD. Disordered GCs in MDD may inhibit neurogenesis, but the contribution of diminished neurogenesis to the onset or progression of AD is still debated. GCs and cytokines also reduce BDNF, implicated in both MDD and AD and hippocampal neurogenesis, reinforcing the notion that those cases of MDD with disordered GCs may be a risk for AD. Cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα, are increased in the blood in some cases of MDD. They also reduce hippocampal neurogenesis, and increased cytokines are a known risk for later AD. Inflammatory changes occur in both MDD and AD (e.g. raised CRP, TNFα). Both cytokines and GCs can have pro-inflammatory actions in the brain. Inflammation (e.g. microglial activation) may be a common link, but this has not been systematically investigated. We lack substantial, rigorous and comprehensive follow-up studies to better identify possible subtypes of MDD that may represent a major predictor for later AD. This would enable specific interventions during critical episodes of these subtypes of MDD that should reduce this substantial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition with numerous health risks, and the incidence of hypertension is greatest among older adults. Traditional discussions of hypertension have largely focused on the risks for cardiovascular disease and associated events. However, there are a number of collateral effects, including risks for dementia, physical disability, and falls/fractures which are increasingly garnering attention in the hypertension literature. Several key mechanisms--including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction--are common to biologic aging and hypertension development and appear to have key mechanistic roles in the development of the cardiovascular and collateral risks of late-life hypertension. The objective of the present review is to highlight the multi-dimensional risks of hypertension among older adults and discuss potential strategies for treatment and future areas of research for improving overall care for older adults with hypertension.
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Souza-Teodoro LH, de Oliveira C, Walters K, Carvalho LA. Higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate protects against the onset of depression in the elderly: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:40-6. [PMID: 26600009 PMCID: PMC4712651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, but the complete etiology of depression is not fully understood. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphated form DHEA(S) have been associated with mood and healthy aging. Associations with mental illness over the middle to late years of life have not yet been extensively investigated in large, western community-dwelling samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low DHEA(S) levels are associated with the development of depressive symptoms in a large longitudinal cohort study of older men and women. We assessed data from English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) to evaluate the association of DHEA(S) levels and depressive symptoms measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale (CES-D) at baseline (n=3083) and at 4-year follow-up (n=3009). At baseline, there was an inverse association between DHEA(S) and depressive symptoms (B=-0.252, p=0.014). Adjustments for physical illnesses, impairments in cognitive function and health behaviors abolished this association (p=0.109) at baseline. Decreased DHEA(S) levels at baseline also predicted incident depression at 4-year follow-up (B=-0.332, p<0.001). In conclusion, higher DHEA(S) levels were associated with reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Souza-Teodoro
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK,Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL and Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework, London, UK
| | - Livia A Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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George A, Suzuki N, Abas AB, Mohri K, Utsuyama M, Hirokawa K, Takara T. Immunomodulation in Middle-Aged Humans Via the Ingestion of Physta® Standardized Root Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack--A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:627-35. [PMID: 26816234 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the capacity of a standardized root water extract of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali, TA), Physta® to modulate human immunity in a middle-aged Japanese population. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted for 4 weeks. Eighty-four of 126 subjects had relatively lower scores according to Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV) screening. Subjects were instructed to ingest either 200 mg/day of TA or rice powder as a placebo for 4 weeks [TA and Placebo (P) groups] and to visit a clinic in Tokyo twice (weeks 0 and 4). SIV, immunological grade, immunological age, and other immune parameters were measured. Eighty-three subjects completed the study; 40 in the TA group and 41 in the P group were statistically analyzed, whereas two were excluded from the analyses. At week 4, the SIV and immunological grade were significantly higher in the TA group than those in P group (p < 0.05). The numbers of total, naïve, and CD4(+) T cells were also higher in the TA group than those in P group (p < 0.05). No severe adverse events were observed. The results suggest that ingestion of the root water extract of TA (Physta®) enhances comprehensive immunity in both middle-aged men and women. This study is registered in UMIN-CTR (UMIN000011753).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie George
- Research and Development Department, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21, Jalan U1/19 Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naoko Suzuki
- Research and Development Department, ORTHOMEDICO Inc., Tokyo Medical & Dental University M&D Tower 25F, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Azreena Binti Abas
- Research and Development Department, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21, Jalan U1/19 Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiminori Mohri
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Masanori Utsuyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Institute for Health and Life Science Co., Ltd., Tokyo Medical and Dental University Open Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Surugadai Bldg, 2-3-10, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Institute for Health and Life Science Co., Ltd., Tokyo Medical and Dental University Open Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Surugadai Bldg, 2-3-10, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takara
- Seishinkai Medical Association Inc., Takara Medical Clinic, Taisei Bldg 9F, 2-3-2, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
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Shohat-Tal A, Sen A, Barad DH, Kushnir V, Gleicher N. Genetics of androgen metabolism in women with infertility and hypoandrogenism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:429-41. [PMID: 25942654 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoandrogenism in women with low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR, defined as an abnormally low number of small growing follicles) adversely affects fertility. The androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is increasingly used to supplement treatment protocols in women with LFOR undergoing in vitro fertilization. Due to differences in androgen metabolism, however, responses to DHEA supplementation vary between patients. In addition to overall declines in steroidogenic capacity with advancing age, genetic factors, which result in altered expression or enzymatic function of key steroidogenic proteins or their upstream regulators, might further exacerbate variations in the conversion of DHEA to testosterone. In this Review, we discuss in vitro studies and animal models of polymorphisms and gene mutations that affect the conversion of DHEA to testosterone and attempt to elucidate how these variations affect female hormone profiles. We also discuss treatment options that modulate levels of testosterone by targeting the expression of steroidogenic genes. Common variants in genes encoding DHEA sulphotransferase, aromatase, steroid 5α-reductase, androgen receptor, sex-hormone binding globulin, fragile X mental retardation protein and breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein have been implicated in androgen metabolism and, therefore, can affect levels of androgens in women. Short of screening for all potential genetic variants, hormonal assessments of patients with low testosterone levels after DHEA supplementation facilitate identification of underlying genetic defects. The genetic predisposition of patients can then be used to design individualized fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shohat-Tal
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David H Barad
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vitaly Kushnir
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, 21 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Normal estrogen, but low dehydroepiandrosterone levels, in women with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex. A preliminary study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11:908-14. [PMID: 24963545 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201312-422oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE For unclear reasons, the phenotypical hosts for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection are often thin, elderly, white women without underlying lung disease. As these women are usually postmenopausal, we hypothesized that a state of relative hormone deficiency may predispose some women to pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. OBJECTIVES To conduct a prospective cross-sectional study to assess for alterations in systemic levels of sex hormones in patients with confirmed pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS Female patients with pulmonary M. avium complex infection (n = 35) were recruited along with similar-aged control subjects (n = 27) without lung disease from the general population of our institution. Levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), estrone, and ultrasensitive estradiol were measured from sampled blood. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS DHEA-S levels of patients with M. avium complex infection were significantly lower than control subjects (mean 33 μg/dl vs. 59 μg/dl, P = 0.001). No significant difference was found in the levels of estrone (mean, 27 pg/ml vs. 28 pg/ml, P = 0.665) or ultrasensitive estradiol (mean, 9 pg/ml vs. 9 pg/ml, P = 0.364). Patients with M. avium complex had a lower body mass index (BMI) than control subjects (mean, 22 vs. 26, P = 0.001). There was no association between levels of DHEA-S, estrone, or estradiol, and BMI or age. CONCLUSIONS Women with M. avium complex infection had lower DHEA-S levels, but not lower estrogen levels, compared with control subjects. There was no relationship between BMI and hormone levels in the study population. Further study of these hormonal effects on immune function in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection is warranted.
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Duggal NA, Upton J, Phillips AC, Hampson P, Lord JM. Depressive symptoms post hip fracture in older adults are associated with phenotypic and functional alterations in T cells. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 25628751 PMCID: PMC4307912 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-014-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Ageing is accompanied by reduced immunity, termed immunesenescence. The immune system does not act in isolation and is sensitive to both psychological and physical stress. Hip fracture is a common physical stressor in older adults with a high incidence of new onset depression, which relates to poorer prognosis. We therefore set out to examine the possible synergistic effects of physical stress (hip fracture) and psychological stress (depressive symptoms) on the aged immune system. Results T cell phenotype and function was assessed in 101 hip fracture patients (81 female) 6 weeks after hip fracture and 43 healthy age-matched controls (26 female). 38 fracture patients had depressive symptoms at 6 weeks. T cell frequency (p = .01) and numbers (p = .003) were both lower in depressed hip fracture patients compared to healthy controls. The frequency of senescent CD28-ve (p = .001), CD57+ve (p = .001), KLRG1+ve (p = .03) CD8 T cells, as well as senescent CD28-ve CD4+ve (p = .01) and CD57+ve CD4+ve (p = .003) T cells were higher in depressed hip fracture patients compared with healthy controls and the frequency of CD28-ve CD8 T cells was also higher when compared to patients with hip fracture alone (p = .01). Additionally, activated CD69+ve (p = .005) and HLADR+ve (p < .001) CD8 T cells, were also higher in depressed hip fracture patients compared to healthy controls. On examining cytokine production by activated T cells, a significant increase in TNFα (p = .03) and IL6 (p = .04) production was observed in CD4 T cells from hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared to healthy controls. Conclusions As none of the patients in the study had a prior history of depression, our data suggest that the development of depressive symptoms in hip fracture patients is associated with altered T cell phenotype and increased pro-inflammatory function which is not seen in patients who do not develop depression after hip fracture. Treating depressive symptoms promptly in hip fracture patients may therefore improve immunity and outcomes in these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-014-0025-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Arora Duggal
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK ; MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jane Upton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Anna C Phillips
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK ; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Peter Hampson
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK ; MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK ; MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Effects of 60-day bed rest with and without exercise on cellular and humoral immunological parameters. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:483-92. [PMID: 25382740 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise at regular intervals is assumed to have a positive effect on immune functions. Conversely, after spaceflight and under simulated weightlessness (e.g., bed rest), immune functions can be suppressed. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated weightlessness (Second Berlin BedRest Study; BBR2-2) on immunological parameters and to investigate the effect of exercise (resistive exercise with and without vibration) on these changes. Twenty-four physically and mentally healthy male volunteers (20-45 years) performed resistive vibration exercise (n=7), resistance exercise without vibration (n=8) or no exercise (n=9) within 60 days of bed rest. Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on days 19 and 60 of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA/RIA in plasma. General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, and exercise-dependent effects by pairwise repeated measurements (analysis of variance (ANOVA)). With all subjects pooled, the number of granulocytes, natural killer T cells, hematopoietic stem cells and CD45RA and CD25 co-expressing T cells increased and the number of monocytes decreased significantly during the study; the concentration of eotaxin decreased significantly. Different impacts of exercise were seen for lymphocytes, B cells, especially the IgD(+) subpopulation of B cells and the concentrations of IP-10, RANTES and DHEA-S. We conclude that prolonged bed rest significantly impacts immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence different immunological parameters. In summary, our data fit the hypothesis of immunoprotection by exercise and may point toward even superior effects by resistive vibration exercise.
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Amir D, Ellison PT, Hill KR, Bribiescas RG. Diurnal variation in salivary cortisol across age classes in Ache Amerindian males of Paraguay. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:344-8. [PMID: 25327695 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortisol levels exhibit a diurnal rhythm in healthy men, with peaks in the morning and troughs in the evening. Throughout age, however, this rhythm tends to flatten. This diurnal flattening has been demonstrated in a majority of industrialized populations, although the results have not been unanimous. Regardless, little attention has been paid to nonindustrialized, foraging populations such as the Ache Amerindians of Paraguay. As testosterone levels had previously been shown to diminish with age in this population (Bribiescas and Hill [2010]: Am J Hum Biol 22: 216-220), we hypothesized that cortisol levels would behave similarly, flattening in rhythmicity over age. METHODS We examined morning and evening salivary cortisol samples in Ache Amerindian men in association with age (n = 40, age range 20-64 years). RESULTS Men in the first age class (<20-29 years) exhibited significantly different morning (AM) and evening (PM) values as did men in the second age class (30-39 years). However, men in the third and fourth age classes (40-49 years, and >50 years, respectively) did not exhibit a significant difference between AM and PM values. CONCLUSION Ache Amerindian men exhibit a flattening of the diurnal rhythm across age classes. Our results were able to capture both within- and between-individual variations in cortisol levels, and reflected age-related contrasts in daily cortisol fluctuations. The flattening of the diurnal rhythm with age among the Ache may reflect a common and shared aspect of male senescence across ecological contexts and lifestyles. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:344-348, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Reproductive Ecology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhao X, Chen J, Ye L, Xu G. Serum Metabolomics Study of the Acute Graft Rejection in Human Renal Transplantation Based on Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Sorwell KG, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Testosterone increases circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in the male rhesus macaque. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:101. [PMID: 25009533 PMCID: PMC4070064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are two of the most abundant hormones in the human circulation. Furthermore, they are released in a circadian pattern and show a marked age-associated decline. Adult levels of DHEA and DHEAS are significantly higher in males than in females, but the reason for this sexual dimorphism is unclear. In the present study, we administered supplementary androgens [DHEA, testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] to aged male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). While this paradigm increased circulating DHEAS immediately after DHEA administration, an increase was also observed following either testosterone or DHT administration, resulting in hormonal profiles resembling levels observed in young males in terms of both amplitude and circadian pattern. This stimulatory effect was limited to DHEAS, as an increase in circulating cortisol was not observed. Taken together, these data demonstrate an influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis on adrenal function in males, possibly by sensitizing the zona reticularis to the stimulating action of adrenocorticopic hormone. This represents a plausible mechanism to explain sex differences in circulating DHEA and DHEAS levels, and may have important implications in the development of hormone therapies designed for elderly men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina G. Sorwell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- *Correspondence: Henryk F. Urbanski, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA e-mail:
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50
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Willis EL, Wolf RF, White GL, McFarlane D. Age- and gender-associated changes in the concentrations of serum TGF-1β, DHEA-S and IGF-1 in healthy captive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 195:21-7. [PMID: 24161750 PMCID: PMC3888644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the concentration of factors like TGF-1β, DHEA-S and IGF-1 may increase the risk of disease and illnesses in advanced life. A better understanding of these changes would aid in the development of more appropriate treatments and/or preventative care for many conditions associated with age. Due to their similar immune system and vulnerability to pathogens, baboons are an ideal model for humans. However, little research has been done examining the general effects of age in baboons. Therefore, we wanted to further examine the effects of aging in baboons by determining the age-dependent changes in serum TGF-1β, DHEA-S and IGF-1 concentrations. Blood samples were collected during routine health checks in 113-118 captive baboons. In addition, longitudinal samples from 23 to 27 adult individuals were collected an average of 10.7years apart. Both age and gender influenced the concentrations of serum TGF-1β and IGF-1. When both genders were analyzed together, TGF-1β increased 16.1% as adults, compared to younger and older animals, but male and female baboons showed a slightly different temporal pattern of change. IGF-1 decreased with increasing age and males had a 30% greater concentration of IGF-1 than did females. While there was no effect of gender among our population, serum DHEA-S was negatively correlated with age, decreasing by 51.6% in the oldest animals. There were no effects of age or gender on serum IGFBP-3. In longitudinal samples collected from the same individuals, the concentrations of TGF-1β, DHEA-S and IGF-1 were reduced with age. The results presented herein provide additional knowledge of the aging process in baboons and further validate the use of this species as an appropriate model for aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Willis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - R F Wolf
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - G L White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - D McFarlane
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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