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Guo Y, Pan H, Chen S, Tian M, Huang Y, Zhou Y. Effectiveness of acupuncture on urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1375963. [PMID: 38903810 PMCID: PMC11187101 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1375963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Radical hysterectomy is the first choice for patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Studies have suggested that acupuncture may be a more effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of urinary retention after radical hysterectomy. Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of urinary retention after radical hysterectomy. Methods We searched the Cochrane library, Web of science, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, Wipu database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and ClinicalTrials.gov with the time from inception until December 2023, to collect randomized controlled studies on the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for prevention and treatment of urinary retention after radical hysterectomy. Literature meeting criteria was screened for data extraction. Quality evaluation was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. And meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and stata14.0 software. Results 22 Randomized controlled trials with 1,563 patients, 854 in treatment group and 709 in control group, were included totally. Meta-analysis results showed that: the total effective rate in acupuncture group was higher than that in control group, with a statistically significant difference [relative risk (RR)] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.22, 1.68), p < 0.0001; the rate of urinary tract infection in acupuncture group was lower than that in control group, with a statistically significant difference [RR] = 0.23, 95% CI (0.07, 0.78), p < 0.05; the time of indwelling urinary catheter was reduced in acupuncture group compared with control group, with a statistically significant mean difference = -3.45, 95% CI (-4.30, -2.59), p < 0.00001; the incidence of urinary retention was lower in acupuncture group than in control group, and the difference was statistically significant [RR = 0.37, 95% CI (0.27, 0.50), p < 0.00001]; the residual urine volume was reduced in acupuncture group compared with control group, with a statistically significant mean difference = -50.73, 95% CI (-63.61, -7.85), p < 0.00001. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment based on conventional therapy can better prevent and improve urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer, could be a better option for them. Systematic review registration Registered by PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42023452387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Pan
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyang Chen
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minne Tian
- Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Barni L, Carrasco-Vega E, Olivieri M, Galán-Mercant A, Guiducci S, Picariello F, González-Sánchez M. Does Physical Exercise Enhance the Immune Response after Vaccination? A Systematic Review for Clinical Indications of COVID-19 Vaccine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5183. [PMID: 36982095 PMCID: PMC10049110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulating protective immunity with vaccines appears to be the most promising option for providing widespread moderate to high protection against COVID-19 in people over the age of 18. Regular exercise improves the immune response, transmitting possible benefits against virus infections. The aim of this review is to study the effects of physical activity on vaccine injections, helping to develop new recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. METHODS A comprehensive review of the existing literature was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The internal quality of the studies was assessed according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The outcomes analyzed were antibody titer, the level of lymphocytes CD4, CD8, InterLeukin 6 (IL6), leukocytes level, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for overall pain rating, arm and forearm circumferences and volume of oxygen (VO2) peak. RESULTS Fourteen articles were selected for the analysis. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT) (n = 8) and controlled trials (CT) (n = 6). According to PEDro, the 'fair' category (n = 7) was the most represented, followed by 'good' (n = 6) and 'excellent' (n = 1). Physical training showed a positive effect on antibody titers of the vaccine; yet, different variables seem to influence antibody titers: higher new vs. old antigen in the vaccine, higher in younger vs. older individuals, and higher in females vs. males. After exercise, when analyzing variables of direct response to the vaccine, such as the amount of CD4, IL-6 and leukocytes, higher levels were observed in the patients who performed physical exercise compared to the control group. In the same way, better results were observed in physiological variables such as VO2 and limb circumferences, or subjective variables such as pain, which showed better results than the control group. CONCLUSIONS The immune response (antibody titers) depends on age, gender and the intensity of physical activity: long-term protocols at moderate intensity are the most recommended. All of these aspects also have to be carefully considered for the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Barni
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Elio Carrasco-Vega
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
| | | | - Alejandro Galán-Mercant
- Institute of Biomedicine of Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Divisions of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Felice Picariello
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Manuel González-Sánchez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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3
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Dinas PC, Koutedakis Y, Ioannou LG, Metsios G, Kitas GD. Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity Levels on Vaccination Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:769. [PMID: 35632525 PMCID: PMC9146578 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether different intensities of exercise and/or physical activity (PA) levels affected and/or associated with vaccination efficacy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230108). The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (trials), SportDiscus, and CINAHL databases were searched up to January 2022. Results: In total, 38 eligible studies were included. Chronic exercise increased influenza antibodies (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.49, confidence interval (CI) = 0.25−0.73, Z = 3.95, I2 = 90%, p < 0.01), which was mainly driven by aerobic exercise (SMD = 0.39, CI = 0.19−0.58, Z = 3.96, I2 = 77%, p < 0.01) as opposed to combined (aerobic + resistance; p = 0.07) or other exercise types (i.e., taiji and qigong, unspecified; p > 0.05). PA levels positively affected antibodies in response to influenza vaccination (SMD = 0.18, CI = 0.02−0.34, Z = 2.21, I2 = 76%, p = 0.03), which was mainly driven by high PA levels compared to moderate PA levels (Chi2 = 10.35, I2 = 90.3%, p < 0.01). Physically active individuals developed influenza antibodies in response to vaccination in >4 weeks (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.30−0.98, Z = 3.72, I2 = 83%, p < 0.01) as opposed to <4 weeks (p > 0.05; Chi2 = 13.40, I2 = 92.5%, p < 0.01) post vaccination. Conclusion: Chronic aerobic exercise or high PA levels increased influenza antibodies in humans more than vaccinated individuals with no participation in exercise/PA. The evidence regarding the effects of exercise/PA levels on antibodies in response to vaccines other than influenza is extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros C. Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
- Faculty of Education Health & Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK;
| | - Leonidas G. Ioannou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
| | - George Metsios
- Faculty of Education Health & Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust and School of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - George D. Kitas
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust and School of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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4
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Gualano B, Lemes IR, Silva RP, Pinto AJ, Mazzolani BC, Smaira FI, Sieczkowska SM, Aikawa NE, Pasoto SG, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad CG, Yuki EF, Silva CA, Swinton P, Hallal PC, Roschel H, Bonfa E. Association between physical activity and immunogenicity of an inactivated virus vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:49-56. [PMID: 34954325 PMCID: PMC8697420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether physical activity is associated with enhanced immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (Coronavac) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) (n = 898) and in non-ARD (n = 197) individuals without pre-existing immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial. Immunogenicity was assessed after vaccination by measuring seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (SC), geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), factor-increase in GMT (FI-GMT), frequency of neutralizing antibody (NAb), and median neutralizing activity. Physical activity (active being defined as ≥ 150 min/week) and sedentary behavior (>8h/day) were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS Physically active ARD patients (n = 494) were younger and less frequently used prednisone/biologics than inactive patients (n = 404). After controlling for covariates, active patients exhibited greater SC (OR: 1.4 [95%CI: 1.1-2.0]), GMT (32% [95%CI: 8.8-60) and FI-GMT (33% [95%CI: 9.6-63%]) vs. inactive. Cluster analysis (physical activity/sedentary status) revealed greater GMT (43.0% [95% CI: 11.0-84.0%) and FI-GMT (48.0% [95%CI: 14.0-92.0%]) in active/non-sedentary vs. inactive/sedentary ARD patients. A dose-response was observed, with greater benefits for the group of patients performing ≥ 350 min/week of physical activity (OR: 1.6 [95%CI: 1.1-2.4]; 41% [95%CI: 10-80%]; 35% [95%CI: 4.3-74], for SC, GMT, and FI-GMT, respectively) vs. the least active group (≤30 min/week). Greater SC (OR: 9.9 [95%CI: 1.1-89.0]) and GMT (26% [95%CI: 2.2-56.0%]) were observed in active vs. inactive non-ARD. CONCLUSIONS A physically active lifestyle may enhance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity, a finding of particular clinical relevance for immunocompromised patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04754698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Italo R. Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael P. Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana J. Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bruna C. Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana I. Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia M. Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia E. Aikawa
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra G. Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla G.S. Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily F.N. Yuki
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Silva
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pedro C. Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Detraining Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Fitness, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Immunocytes in Men of Various Age Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031845. [PMID: 35162870 PMCID: PMC8835692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus II, levels of physical inactivity have become more severe and widespread than ever before. Physical inactivity is known to have a negative effect on the human body, but the extent to which reduced physical fitness has effected immune function before and after the current pandemic has not yet been uncovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the detraining effects of the COVID-19 confinement period on physical fitness, immunocytes, inflammatory cytokines, and proteins in various age groups. The participants of this study included sixty-four male adults who did not exercise during the pandemic, although they had exercised regularly before. Materials and Methods: Participants were classified by age group, which included the 20s group (20s’G, n = 14), 30s group (30s’G, n = 12), 40s group (40s’G, n = 12), 50s group (50s’G, n = 12), and 60s group (60s’G, n = 14). Results: Regarding body composition, muscle mass significantly decreased, whereas fat mass, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio significantly increased in most groups. Cardiopulmonary endurance and strength significantly decreased in all groups, while muscle endurance and flexibility decreased in some groups compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. This study confirmed the immunocytopenia and enhanced inflammation due to physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a greater detrimental decrease mainly after the age of 50. Conclusion: This study confirmed a decrease in physical fitness after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by an increase in fat mass and a decrease in muscle mass, thereby increasing cytokines and reducing immunocytes in the body. While social distancing is important during the pandemic, maintaining physical fitness should also be a top priority.
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6
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Elzayat MT, Markofski MM, Simpson RJ, Laughlin M, LaVoy EC. No Effect of Acute Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713183. [PMID: 34456752 PMCID: PMC8388854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response. PURPOSE Compare antibody and cell mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed eccentric resistance exercise immediately prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise. METHODS Twenty nine resistance training-naive older adults (20 women, 73.9 ± 5.3 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: vaccination in the same arm that exercised (Ex-S), vaccination in the opposite arm that exercised (Ex-Op), and seated rest (No-Ex). Exercise consisted of 10 sets of 5 eccentric unilateral repetitions at 80% of the pre-determined concentric one repetition maximum. Lateral raises were alternated with bicep curls. No-Ex sat quietly for 25 min. Following exercise or rest, all received the 2018 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Seqirus Afluria) in the non-dominant deltoid. Antibody titers against each influenza vaccine strain were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assays at baseline, 6-, and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Influenza-specific T cells were quantified after stimulation with the vaccine by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS No significant group x time effects were found in antibody responses to any strain (interaction for A/H1N1: p = 0.682; A/H3N2: p = 0.644; B/Colorado/06/2017: p = 0.262; B/Phuket/3073/2013: p = 0.851). Groups did not differ in fold-increase of antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Influenza-specific T-cells did not differ between groups at any time (comparison at baseline: p = 0.985; 6-weeks: p = 0.889; 24 weeks: p = 0.857). One subject (Ex-S) reported flu-like symptoms 18 weeks post-vaccination. CONCLUSION Acute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers or cell mediated immune responses to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03736759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud T. Elzayat
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa M. Markofski
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mitzi Laughlin
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Fondren Orthopedic Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Xu S, Baker JS, Ren F. The Positive Role of Tai Chi in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7479. [PMID: 34299925 PMCID: PMC8307944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant threat to both people's physical and mental health. Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and negative emotions among the general population have been significantly increased because of COVID-19 home confinement. These are major risk factors associated with higher incidences of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, effective exercise management should be proposed as a prevention strategy to improve both physical and mental health while diminishing the effects of COVID-19. Tai Chi as a low-to-moderate aerobic exercise combines physical and mental training and plays a positive impact on human health. Here we aim to outline the effects of Tai Chi on the immune system, inflammatory responses, pulmonary function, and emotional control. The benefits of Tai Chi practice for individuals coping with COVID-19 are stated here which include immune system promotion, inflammation response reduction, rehabilitation in respiratory diseases, and emotional improvement. This statement has been supported by available clinical, physiological, and biological research. As a result, we hope to introduce Tai Chi as an effective exercise intervention for people coping with COVID-19 and as a beneficial exercise for maintaining an active lifestyle during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suodi Xu
- Department of Physical Education, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo 315175, China;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Feng Ren
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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8
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Gryffin PA, Diaz RE. Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:821-825. [PMID: 33793144 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large drops in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) to levels as low as 84% was observed following Tai Chi practice, during a study on the effects of Tai Chi on SpO2. The objectives of the current pilot study were to determine if this was a statistically significant drop, and how SpO2 levels compared to an aerobic activity such as running, in pre, concurrent, and post measurements. METHODS Repeated measures of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were taken of a 50-year-old male before, during and for 1 min after TC and running. RESULTS Measurements of SpO2 before, during, and after TC resulted in a statistically significant increase in SpO2 during TC (p=1.69e-06), and a statistically significant (p=1.71e-06) brief momentary drop from resting levels, as low as 87% SpO2. Running showed no significant change in pre and post levels, with a significant change and decrease in SpO2 during running (p=1.1e-08), suggesting increased oxygen use by the large muscle groups during exercise. SpO2 returned to normal resting levels following running with no post drop. Results suggest a higher rate of oxygen metabolism during TC, with a potential effect on hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas of the body. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest direct and unique effects on enhanced blood oxygen saturation and oxygen metabolism, which may underlie benefits for conditions complicated by hypoxia, including cardiopulmonary disease, immunity, chronic pain, and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael E Diaz
- California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
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9
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Ghram A, Briki W, Mansoor H, Al-Mohannadi AS, Lavie CJ, Chamari K. Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:469-480. [PMID: 33275479 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1860394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global public health emergency, seems to be having a major impact on physical activity (PA) behaviors. Older adults are at high risk of death from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Health authorities around the world have been implementing preventive health measures, including quarantine and self-isolation, to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak. This period is characterized by the cessation of outdoor exercising. During this period of lockdown, PA has been one of the rare reasons for going out in some countries. To avoid the harmful effects of periods of exercise cessation, PA could be prescribed to older adults, which is of great importance for breaking their sedentary lifestyle and improving their immunity. The present review discusses the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in older adults. The importance of performing PA to reduce the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed, and useful recommendations on home-based exercise for the older adults to maintain their level of independence, physical and mental health as well as their well-being are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ghram
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walid Briki
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hend Mansoor
- College of Health and Life Sciences,Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar.,World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Karnatovskaia LV, Johnson MM, Varga K, Highfield JA, Wolfrom BD, Philbrick KL, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Gajic O, Ahmad SR, Niven AS. Stress and Fear: Clinical Implications for Providers and Patients (in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond). Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2487-2498. [PMID: 33153636 PMCID: PMC7606075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we explore the role of stress, fear, and the impact of positive and negative emotions on health and disease. We then introduce strategies to help mitigate stress within the health care team, and provide a rationale for their efficacy. Additionally, we identify strategies to optimize patient care and explain their heightened importance in today's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katalin Varga
- Affective Psychology Department, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julie A Highfield
- Department of Clinical Psychology in Critical Care, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brent D Wolfrom
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - E Wesley Ely
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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van Dam K. Individual Stress Prevention through Qigong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197342. [PMID: 33050017 PMCID: PMC7579037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to work intensification and an accelerated pace of life in general, individuals in many Western countries are often overactivated and find it difficult to switch off. However, recovery from physiological and mental activation is critical to prevent stress symptoms and maintain one’s physiological and mental well-being. Extensive research evidence indicates that Qigong, a traditional Chinese movement practice for promoting health, provides an effective means to recover from work and off-work demands. The main objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive, narrative review of the effects of Qigong and its core components. Attention is first paid to the outcomes of work and off-work demands and stress, and the role of recovery for individuals’ well-being. Then, Qigong and its components are explained, followed by the results of scientific research. Finally, limitations and implications for research and practiced are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen van Dam
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Feng F, Tuchman S, Denninger JW, Fricchione GL, Yeung A. Qigong for the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:812-819. [PMID: 32425471 PMCID: PMC7227578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The elderly are at high risk of contracting respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 infection. The recent pandemic has the potential to cause significant physical and mental damage in older adults. Similarly to other mind-body exercises in Traditional Chinese medicine, Qigong features regulation of breath rhythm and pattern, body movement and posture, and meditation. Given these traits, Qigong has the potential to play a role in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Potential mechanisms of action include stress reduction, emotion regulation, strengthening of respiratory muscles, reduction of inflammation, and enhanced immune function. Three forms of Qigong; abdominal breathing, Ba Duan Jin and Liu Zi Jue, all of which are gentle, smooth, and simple for the elderly to practice, are recommended in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Benson Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sylvie Tuchman
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - John W. Denninger
- Benson Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory L. Fricchione
- Benson Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Albert Yeung
- Benson Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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13
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Jee YS. Influences of acute and/or chronic exercise on human immunity: third series of scientific evidence. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:205-206. [PMID: 32724776 PMCID: PMC7365731 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040414.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemimyeon, Seosan 31962, Korea, E-mail:
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Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi M, Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Ghorbanpoor Dashtaki M, Earnest CP. 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Emphasis on Maintaining Optimal Levels of Physical Activity Under Self-quarantine Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ijer.2020.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Conrad P. Earnest
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Song Y, Ren F, Sun D, Wang M, Baker JS, István B, Gu Y. Benefits of Exercise on Influenza or Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2655. [PMID: 32294922 PMCID: PMC7215850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A coronavirus pandemic has recently become one of the greatest threats the world is facing. Older adults are under a high risk of infection because of weaker immune systems. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent scientific evidence that outlines the effects of exercise on influenza or pneumonia in older adults. An electronic literature search was conducted using the WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIENCEDIRECT and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases using the following keywords, "Exercise," "Older adult," "Influenza," and "Pneumonia." Any randomized control trials, cross-sectional and observational studies that related to this topic were all included. Twenty studies met the eligibility criteria for this review. Thirteen randomized control trials investigated the effects of exercise on the immune responses to influenza or pneumonia vaccination: seven trials employed moderate aerobic exercise, three employed resistance exercise, and the remaining three used Asian martial arts or special home-based exercises. Five cross-sectional and two observational studies examined the associations between exercise/physical condition and influenza/pneumonia. Most of the current studies suggested that prolonged moderate aerobic exercise may help to reduce the risk of influenza-related infection and improve the immune responses to influenza or pneumonia vaccination in older adults. In addition, training in traditional Asian martial arts was also found to be beneficial. Future research should focus on the different effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on influenza-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Feng Ren
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia Veszeprem, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (D.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Meizi Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia Veszeprem, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (D.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Bíró István
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Zhu W. Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:105-107. [PMID: 32099717 PMCID: PMC7031769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimo Zhu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Jones AW, Davison G. Exercise, Immunity, and Illness. MUSCLE AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7149380 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than “normal” incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). This is likely related to regular acute (and possibly chronic) periods of exercise-induced changes in immune function. URT infections can compromise performance directly if suffered shortly before or during competition or indirectly if suffered at other times via effects on training and/or physiological adaptations. This chapter covers the effects of exercise (acute and chronic), both positive and negative, on immune function and consequent infection risk, and considers the current state-of-the-art for monitoring and assessing this in athletes.
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Stewart A, Vanderkooi OG, Reimer RA, Doyle-Baker PK. Immune response in highly active young men to the 2014/2015 seasonal influenza vaccine. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:769-774. [PMID: 29481760 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, individuals with obesity were disproportionately affected by H1N1 with increased levels of mortality and morbidity. This led to questions regarding the potential impact of lifestyle on the effectiveness of immunization. Currently, the research is limited on influenza vaccination and the associated changes in immune response with body composition and physical activity. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the potential role of adiposity and physical activity in the immune response elicited by the 2014/2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. A prospective cohort study examining the 2014/2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine was conducted by collecting baseline and 4-week postvaccination fasting blood samples from 45 male Albertans between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Percent body fat (%BF) was assessed through dual X-ray absorptiometry imagining and physical activity through self-reported survey scores. While no differences in median %BF were associated with seroconversion rates in participants, the median physical activity score was higher among those that did not seroconvert to the vaccine. Significant differences were found for the A/Texas strain (p < 0.01) and a similar trend of lower magnitude observed for the remaining 2 influenza strains. These results suggest that higher physical activity levels may influence immune response to vaccination and that assessing factors beyond those commonly used can be of value when identifying vaccine response in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stewart
- a Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Otto G Vanderkooi
- b Departments of Paediatrics, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology & Infectious diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- a Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,c Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- a Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,d Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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International Expert Panel Consensus Guidelines for Structure and Delivery of Qigong Exercise for Cancer Care Programming. MEDICINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC5622389 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrative oncology, including Qigong, is a relatively new concept in modern healthcare. Evidence of benefits of Qigong in cancer survivors is emerging. As such, several cancer centers, world-wide, have introduced Qigong as part of integrative medicine within supportive cancer care programming. Qigong exercise programming content and quality varies among institutions due to lack of standard guidelines and, at present, relies solely on the instructor’s skills, knowledge, personal preferences and clinical experience. Development of consensus guidelines recommending the basic structure and delivery of Qigong programming in cancer care can potentiate quality assurance and reduce risk of harm. This applied qualitative research utilized a modified Delphi approach to formulate consensus guidelines. Guidelines were developed through discussions among an international expert panel (N = 13) with representation from Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United States. Panel communication was predominantly conducted by email and occurred from November 2016 through February 2017. Expert panel work resulted in the generation of a work product: Qigong in Cancer Care Guidelines: A Working Paper including: (a) Consensus Guidelines for structure and delivery of Qigong exercise for Cancer care programming; (b) Consensus guidelines for instructor competence for teaching Qigong exercise for cancer care classes; (c) Screening tool for safe participation in Qigong exercise; (d) Class participant instructions for maintaining safety during Qigong exercise; and (e) Advice from the field. Generation of these resources is the first step in establishing recommendations for ‘best practice’ in the area of Qigong for cancer care programming.
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Grande AJ, Reid H, Thomas EE, Nunan D, Foster C. Exercise prior to influenza vaccination for limiting influenza incidence and its related complications in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD011857. [PMID: 27545762 PMCID: PMC8504432 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011857.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is an infectious virus affecting both humans and animals. In humans, symptoms present as fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, muscle and joint pain, and malaise. The epidemiological profile of influenza is influenced by multiple factors, including transmissibility of the virus and the susceptibility of the population. Annually, influenza is estimated to infect 5% to 10% of adults, with higher rates in winter seasons in countries with seasonal variation. Exercise could be an intervention to enhance immune response and limit influenza incidence and its related complications. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of short and long-term exercise prior to influenza vaccination in enhancing influenza prevention in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2015, Issue 11), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to 3 November 2015), Embase (1974 to 3 November 2015), CINAHL (1981 to 3 November 2015), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, 1982 to 3 November 2015), PEDro (1980 to 3 November 2015), SPORTDiscus (1985 to 3 November 2015), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov (November 2015). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of short- and long-term exercise prior to influenza vaccination for the general adult population were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted and checked data from the included trials using a standard form. We used the random-effects model due to differences in the type, duration, intensity and frequency of exercise in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS We included six trials published between 2007 and 2014 that randomised 599 adult participants. Study size ranged from 46 to 158 participants. Participants were aged between 18 years and 80 years; we could not derive gender proportions, as participants' sex was not reported in all studies. One study was available in abstract form only.We did not find a significant difference in outcomes between people who exercised and those who did not exercise before receiving influenza vaccination.Pre-vaccination exercises included endurance activities such as walking or using a treadmill, and resistance activities included biceps curls and lateral raises. Five of the studies provided one session of exercise between 25 and 50 minutes. In five studies, exercise was undertaken on the same day as the vaccination. One study provided exercise over a period of eight weeks before vaccination, with one 2½ hour supervised session, plus daily home exercise practice of 45 minutes. Exercise intensity ranged from 55% to 85% of maximal heart rate. Control group participants undertook a range of activities, including quiet rest, sitting, reading, meditation or unspecified activity.One study reported numbers of people who contracted influenza; no significant difference was reported between exercise and no-exercise participants. None of the included studies reported complications related to influenza illness. Only one study, which we assessed as providing low-quality evidence, reported numbers of people who experienced adverse events. This study reported no significant difference in outcomes between people who exercised and those who did not. No studies reported numbers of working days or days lost related to influenza illness. Only two studies reported participant-centred outcomes.Overall, study quality was unclear; we assessed five of the six included studies to have at least four unclear 'Risk of bias' domains (allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessment, selective reporting and other bias). Insufficient reporting in four studies about selective reporting did not provide enough information to enable judgement; only two studies were included in trials registers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS From the available evidence, we found that exercising before influenza vaccination is neither beneficial nor harmful. However, study data were limited and of low quality. Small sample sizes, study design limitations, exercise types, and focus on biochemical rather than participant-centred outcomes strongly influenced our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Universidade do Extremo Sul CatarinenseLaboratory of Evidence‐Based PracticeAv. Universitária, 1105Predio S, LABEPICriciumaSanta CatarinaBrazil88806‐000
| | - Hamish Reid
- University of OxfordBritish Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non‐Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
| | - Emma E Thomas
- University of OxfordBritish Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non‐Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
| | - David Nunan
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesNew Radcliffe HouseRadcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordOXONUKOX2 6GG
| | - Charles Foster
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordBritish Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non‐Communicable Disease PreventionOld Road CampusHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 7LF
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Liou CP. Towards a new way of healing: experienced counsellors’ perceived influences of ch’i-related experiences on counselling practice in Taiwan. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2016.1182118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ping Liou
- The Holistic Education Centre, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Caldwell KL, Bergman SM, Collier SR, Triplett NT, Quin R, Bergquist J, Pieper CF. Effects of tai chi chuan on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults: lessons from a randomized controlled feasibility study. Nat Sci Sleep 2016; 8:305-314. [PMID: 27895522 PMCID: PMC5118018 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s117392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine feasibility and estimate the effect of a 10-week tai chi chuan (TCC) intervention on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) from a predominately undergraduate midsized university. METHODS This was an assessor blinded, randomized feasibility trial, and participants were randomized into one of three groups: 10 weeks of TCC meeting 2 times per week, 10 weeks of TCC with a DVD of the curriculum, and control group receiving a handout on anxiety management. Anxiety and sleep quality were assessed 4 times: baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks (immediate post-intervention), and 2 months post-intervention. Retention was defined as a participant attending the baseline assessment and at least one other assessment. Adherence to the intervention was set a priori as attendance at 80% of the TCC classes. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of participants were retained during the intervention and 70% completed the 2 month follow-up assessments. To increase statistical power, the two TCC groups were combined in the analyses of anxiety and sleep quality measures. No significant changes in anxiety were found in the control group, while levels of anxiety decreased significantly over time in the two TCC groups. Sleep quality scores improved across time for all three groups, but adherent TCC participants reported greater improvement than control participants. CONCLUSION TCC may be an effective nonpharmaceutical means of improving anxiety and poor sleep quality in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John Bergquist
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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de Araújo AL, Silva LCR, Fernandes JR, Matias MDST, Boas LS, Machado CM, Garcez-Leme LE, Benard G. Elderly men with moderate and intense training lifestyle present sustained higher antibody responses to influenza vaccine. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:105. [PMID: 26480853 PMCID: PMC5005841 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to verify whether different levels of training performed regularly and voluntarily for many years could have an impact on one of the main issues of immunosenescence: the poor response to vaccines. We recruited 61 healthy elderly men (65-85 years old), 23 with a moderate training (MT) lifestyle (for 17.0 ± 3.2 years), 22 with an intense training (IT) lifestyle (for 25.9 ± 3.4 years), and 16 without a training lifestyle (NT). Fitness was evaluated through the IPAQ and VO2max consumption. The participants were evaluated regarding cognitive aspects, nutritional status, depression, and quality of life. Antibody titers were determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay prior to influenza vaccination and at 6 weeks and 6 months post-vaccination. Strains used were B, H3N2, and H1N1. Our groups were matched for most characteristics, except for those directly influenced by their lifestyles, such as BMI, VO2max, and MET. In general, MT and IT elderly men showed significantly higher antibody titers to the three vaccine strains post-vaccination than NT elderly men. There were also higher titers against B and H1N1 strains in the trained groups before vaccination. Additionally, there were higher proportions of seroprotected (titers ≥1:40) individuals in the pooled trained groups both at 6 weeks (B and H3N2, p < 0.05) and 6 months (H1N1, p < 0.05; B, p = 0.07). There were no significant differences between the MT and IT groups. Either a moderate or an intense training is associated with stronger and longstanding antibody responses to the influenza vaccine, resulting in higher percentages of seroprotected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ladeira de Araújo
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, R. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 05403-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léia Cristina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, R. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 05403-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, R. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 05403-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucy Santos Boas
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Dermatology Division, Clinics Hospital, R. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 05403-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increased popularity of mind-body practices highlights the need to explore their potential effects. We determined the cross-sectional association between mind-body practices and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS We used data from 2579 participants free of cardiovascular disease from the Rotterdam Study (2009-2013). A structured home-based interview was used to evaluate engagement in mind-body practices including meditation, yoga, self-prayer, breathing exercises, or other forms of mind-body practice. We regressed engagement in mind-body practices on cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and presence of metabolic syndrome. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, (in)activities in daily living, grief, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Fifteen percent of the participants engaged in a form of mind-body practice. Those who did mind-body practices had significantly lower body mass index (β = -0.84 kg/m, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.30 to -0.38, p < .001), log-transformed triglyceride levels (β = -0.02, 95% CI = -0.04 to -0.001, p = .037), and log-transformed fasting glucose levels (β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to -0.004, p = .004). Metabolic syndrome was less common among individuals who engaged in mind-body practices (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54-0.95, p = .019). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who do mind-body practices have a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile compared with those who do not. However, the cross-sectional design of this study does not allow for causal inference and prospective, and intervention studies are needed to elucidate the association between mind-body practices and cardiometabolic processes.
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Grande AJ, Keogh J, Hoffmann TC, Beller EM, Del Mar CB. Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity and duration of acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015:CD010596. [PMID: 26077724 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010596.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) last for less than 30 days and are the most common acute diseases affecting people worldwide. Exercise has been shown to improve health generally and may be effective in reducing the occurrence, severity and duration of acute respiratory infections. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise for altering the occurrence, severity or duration of acute respiratory infections. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 6), MEDLINE (1948 to July week 1, 2014), EMBASE (2010 to July 2014), CINAHL (1981 to July 2014), LILACS (1982 to July 2014), SPORTDiscus (1985 to July 2014), PEDro (searched on 11 July 2014), OTseeker (searched on 11 July 2014), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov (searched on 11 July 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of exercise for ARIs in the general population. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data from the included trials using a standard form. We contacted trial authors to request missing data. One review author entered data and a second review author checked this. There were sufficient differences in the populations trialled and in the nature of the interventions to use the random-effects model (which makes fewer assumptions than the fixed-effect model) in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 trials involving 904 adults, published between 1990 and 2014. Eight studies were conducted in the USA, and one each in Canada, Spain and Turkey. Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 154 participants aged between 18 and 85 years old. The proportion of female participants varied between 52% and 100%. The duration of follow-up in the studies varied from seven days to 12 months. The exercise type most prescribed for the intervention was aerobic (walking in 70% of the studies, or bicycle riding or treadmill) at least five times a week. Duration was 30 to 45 minutes at moderate intensity. Participants were supervised in 90% of the studies.For four of the primary outcomes the results did not differ significantly and all were low-quality evidence (number of ARI episodes per person per year, rate ratio 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 1.42); proportion of participants who experienced at least one ARI over the study period, risk ratio 0.76 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.01); severity of ARI symptoms, mean difference (MD) -110 (95% CI -324 to 104); and number of symptom days in the follow-up period, MD -2.1 days (95% CI -4.4 to 0.3)). However, one primary outcome, the number of symptom days per episode of illness, was reduced in those participants who exercised (MD -1.1 day, 95% CI -1.7 to -0.5, moderate-quality evidence).We found no significant differences for the secondary outcomes (laboratory parameters (blood lymphocytes, salivary secretory immunoglobulin and neutrophils); quality of life outcomes; cost-effectiveness and exercise-related injuries).There was good adherence to the intervention with no difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups.We rated the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes as low for most outcomes using the GRADE criteria: allocation concealment was not reported and there was a lack of blinding; in addition, there was imprecision (the CI is very wide because of a small number of participants) and inconsistency, which may be due to differences in study design. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We cannot determine whether exercise is effective at altering the occurrence, severity or duration of acute respiratory infections. One analysis of four trials suggests that the number of days of illness per episode of infection might be reduced by exercise. The small size of the studies, risk of bias and heterogeneous populations trialled all contribute to the uncertainty. Larger studies, with less risk of bias from patient selection, blinding of outcomes assessors, reporting of all outcomes measured and with registration of study protocols, are required to settle the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Practice, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Predio S, LABEPI, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88806-000
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Davison G, Kehaya C, Wyn Jones A. Nutritional and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Immunity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 10:152-169. [PMID: 30202268 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614557773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and nutrition are important in a healthy lifestyle with potential benefits to immunity often overlooked. Infection of the upper respiratory tract, and the associated symptoms, are the most frequent presentations to general practitioners and may have significant economic and social impact. In this review, we consider the role of physical activity and nutrition in improving immunity. Evidence suggests that regular moderate activity is particularly beneficial for immune enhancement and reducing the risk of infection. We also discuss some nutritional strategies. Unfortunately, the evidence for many is weak. Avoiding nutritional deficiencies seems the most pragmatic recommendation. This can be achieved with a balanced diet. Including a variety of fruits and vegetables may help ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients with little risk of excess intake of any single nutrient. Supplementation with individual nutrients is generally not recommended. Multinutrients may be beneficial for those with a preexisting deficiency but not if normal dietary intake is sufficient. Further benefit may be gained from some supplements including probiotics, bovine colostrum, and some plant-derived products (Echinacea, black elderberry, and some polyphenols) but only in specific situations/contexts. Individuals should consider their personal needs, use caution, and avoid the indiscriminate use of supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Davison
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, UK (GD, CK).,The Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK (AWJ).,The Clinical Research Centre, Prince Phillip Hospital, Llanelli, UK (AWJ)
| | - Corinna Kehaya
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, UK (GD, CK).,The Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK (AWJ).,The Clinical Research Centre, Prince Phillip Hospital, Llanelli, UK (AWJ)
| | - Arwel Wyn Jones
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Kent, UK (GD, CK).,The Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK (AWJ).,The Clinical Research Centre, Prince Phillip Hospital, Llanelli, UK (AWJ)
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Pascoe AR, Fiatarone Singh MA, Edwards KM. The effects of exercise on vaccination responses: a review of chronic and acute exercise interventions in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:33-41. [PMID: 24126151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination programs, although feted for success in reducing infectious disease morbidity and mortality, are limited by vaccine efficacy, which is particularly problematic in populations with reduced immune function. Exercise has been identified as a behavioural factor that can improve immune function in some settings and cohorts, and therefore, in the setting of vaccination, it may serve as an adjuvant for immune responses. Here, we summarise the body of evidence that has investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise interventions on vaccination responses. A systematic search of the literature was conducted including six major databases. Randomised control trials (RCTs), cross-sectional and observational studies that involved a variety of population samples and that employed any modality or intensity of acute exercise or chronic training prior to vaccine administration and measured any immune response were included. Twenty trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. Nine studies investigated the effect of acute exercise on the immune response to vaccination, whilst the remaining eleven studies investigated the effect of chronic exercise. Most of the current published literature suggests that exposure to either acute or chronic exercise significantly augments the immune response to vaccination. The clinical importance of this adjuvant action of exercise, if any, as well as variability in responsiveness across different cohorts, dose-response relationships and the optimal exercise modality to employ for this indication deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R Pascoe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Kate M Edwards
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
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Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Explore (NY) 2013; 9:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang CW, Ng SM, Ho RT, Ziea ET, Wong VC, Chan CL. The Effect of Qigong Exercise on Immunity and Infections: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:1143-56. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1250084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize and critically evaluate the clinical evidence of the effect of qigong exercise on immunity and its efficacy in the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases. Thirteen databases were searched from their respective inceptions through January 2011, and all controlled clinical trials of qigong exercise on immunity and infections were included. Quality and validity of the included studies were evaluated using standard scales. Seven studies including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and three retrospective observational studies (ROSs) met the inclusion criteria. One study focused on functional measures of immunity (antigen-induced immunity) and six studies on enumerative parameters of immunity. No study on clinical symptoms relevant to infectious diseases could be identified. Overall, the included studies suggested favorable effects of qigong exercise on immunity, but the quality of research for most of the studies examined in this review was poor. Further rigorously designed studies are required, which should adhere to accepted standards of methodology for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Siu-Man Ng
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Rainbow T.H. Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Eric T.C. Ziea
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hospital Authority, HKSAR, China
| | - Vivian C.W. Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Cecilia L.W. Chan
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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Yang Y, Decelle S, Reed M, Rosengren K, Schlagal R, Greene J. Subjective experiences of older adults practicing taiji and qigong. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:650210. [PMID: 21773028 PMCID: PMC3134827 DOI: 10.4061/2011/650210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a qualitative study following a 6-month Taiji (T'ai Chi)/Qigong (Ch'i Kung) intervention for older adults. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews of eight selected participants who elected to continue practicing Taiji after the intervention ended, in order to explore their subjective experiences of Taiji's effects and their motivations for continuing to practice. We created a Layers Model to capture the significance and meaning of the multidimensionality of their reported experiences. Participants not only reported simple benefits along five dimensions of experience (physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual) but also described complex multidimensional experiences. Overall findings indicate that participants derived a very wide variety of perceived benefits, the most meaningful being a felt sense of body-mind-spirit integration. Our results support the important role of qualitative studies in researching the effects of Taiji and Qigong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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The metabolic syndrome and mind-body therapies: a systematic review. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:276419. [PMID: 21773016 PMCID: PMC3136147 DOI: 10.1155/2011/276419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome, affecting a substantial and increasing percentage of the worldwide population, is comprised of a cluster of symptoms associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Mind-body modalities based on Eastern philosophy, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, and meditation, have become increasingly popular worldwide. These complementary therapies have many reported benefits for improving symptoms and physiological measures associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, clinical trial data concerning the effectiveness of these practices on the syndrome as a whole have not been evaluated using a systematic and synthesizing approach. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the data from clinical trials examining the efficacy of mind-body therapies as supportive care modalities for management of the metabolic syndrome. Three clinical trials addressing the use of mind-body therapies for management of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Findings from the studies reviewed support the potential clinical effectiveness of mind-body practices in improving indices of the metabolic syndrome.
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Abstract
SummaryAgeing is associated with multiple changes in many different components of the immune system. A healthy immune system exists in a state of balance between efficient effector responses against pathogens and tolerance to self antigens. This balance is changed with age; functions such as antigen recognition, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion and killing ability are all compromised. Aberrant cellular responses lead to an altered cytokine network with increases in inflammatory cytokines and decreases in anti-inflammatory cytokines leading to a pro-inflammatory state. Consequently older patients require extra care in diagnosis of infections as symptoms may be perturbed, resulting in unusual presentations of common conditions. The defects in immunity due to immunosenescence also mean that older patients require more care and screening than other patients in the same disease cohort. Though it is generally understood by clinicians that older patients are more at risk from multiple infections, the wider clinical effects of immunosenescence are less understood. The immune system is involved in several neurodegenerative conditions and the inflammatory conditions of immunosenescence may be a key factor in pathogenesis. Similarly, there is reason to believe that immunosenescence might be a key factor explaining the increased incidence of cancer in older age. With increasing understanding of the immune system's involvement in many of these pathological processes, and the contribution that immunosenescence makes to these, more efficient vaccines and novel therapies may be developed to prevent/treat these conditions.
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Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, Etnier J, Lin F. A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. Am J Health Promot 2010; 24:e1-e25. [PMID: 20594090 PMCID: PMC3085832 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.081013-lit-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both. DATA SOURCES The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007. DATA EXTRACTION Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study. SYNTHESIS Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Jahnke
- The Institute of Integral Qigong and Tai Chi, 243 Pebble Beach Santa Barbara CA, 93117
| | - Linda Larkey
- Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Carol Rogers
- Arizona State University College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004. Phone: (602) 677-0711, Fax (602) 496-0775
| | - Jennifer Etnier
- University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27140
| | - Fang Lin
- 13448 E Bloomfield Drive, Scottsdale AZ 85259
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Woods JA, Keylock KT, Lowder T, Vieira VJ, Zelkovich W, Dumich S, Colantuano K, Lyons K, Leifheit K, Cook M, Chapman-Novakofski K, McAuley E. Cardiovascular exercise training extends influenza vaccine seroprotection in sedentary older adults: the immune function intervention trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 57:2183-91. [PMID: 20121985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether cardiovascular exercise training resulted in improved antibody responses to influenza vaccination in sedentary elderly people who exhibited poor vaccine responses. DESIGN Single-site randomized parallel-arm 10-month controlled trial. SETTING University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-four sedentary, healthy older (69.9 +/- 0.4) adults. INTERVENTIONS Moderate (60-70% maximal oxygen uptake) cardiovascular exercise was compared with flexibility and balance training. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was influenza vaccine response, as measured according to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) anti-influenza antibody titer and seroprotective responses (HI titer > or =40). Secondary measures included cardiovascular fitness and body composition. RESULTS Of the 160 participants enrolled, 144 (90%) completed the 10-month intervention with excellent compliance ( approximately 83%). Cardiovascular, but not flexibility, exercise intervention resulted in improvements in indices of cardiovascular fitness, including maximal oxygen uptake. Although not affecting peak (e.g., 3 and 6 weeks) postvaccine anti-influenza HI titers, cardiovascular exercise resulted in a significant increase in seroprotection 24 weeks after vaccination (30-100% dependent on vaccine variant), whereas flexibility training did not. CONCLUSION Participants randomized to cardiovascular exercise experienced improvements in influenza seroprotection throughout the entire influenza season, whereas those in the balance and flexibility intervention did not. Although there were no differences in reported respiratory tract infections, the exercise group exhibited reduced overall illness severity and sleep disturbance. These data support the hypothesis that regular endurance exercise improves influenza vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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Abstract
An integrative approach to the combined challenges of aging, cancer and stress is a necessary part of a global vision of wellness. Recent research into the mechanisms of aging, cancer and stress has established the biological links between these processes. Understanding these links is an important stepping-stone for developing approaches and therapies that ensure wellness throughout all stages of aging. This paper will consider the most recent developments in research into the molecular mechanisms common to aging and cancer and will discuss the effectiveness of natural approaches for preventing disease. Metabolic regulators as well as nutrient and energy sensors are involved in the processes of aging and cancer, and these are open to external manipulation and control. It is now becoming possible to demonstrate how nutrition, physical activity and stress control can lead to disease-free aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Chobotova
- Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Rogers CE, Larkey LK, Keller C. A review of clinical trials of tai chi and qigong in older adults. West J Nurs Res 2009; 31:245-79. [PMID: 19179544 DOI: 10.1177/0193945908327529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Initiation and maintenance of physical activity (PA) in older adults is of increasing concern as the benefits of PA have been shown to improve physical functioning, mood, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors. Meditative movement forms of PA, such as tai chi and qigong (TC & QG), are holistic in nature and have increased in popularity over the past few decades. Several randomized controlled trials have evaluated TC & QG interventions from multiple perspectives, specifically targeting older adults. The purpose of this report is to synthesize intervention studies targeting TC & QG and identify the physical and psychological health outcomes shown to be associated with TC & QG in community dwelling adults older than 55. Based on specific inclusion criteria, 36 research reports with a total of 3,799 participants were included in this review. Five categories of study outcomes were identified, including falls and balance, physical function, cardiovascular disease, and psychological and additional disease-specific responses. Significant improvement in clusters of similar outcomes indicated interventions utilizing TC & QG may help older adults improve physical function and reduce blood pressure, fall risk, and depression and anxiety. Missing from the reviewed reports is a discussion of how spiritual exploration with meditative forms of PA, an important component of these movement activities, may contribute to successful aging.
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Abstract
This article reviews characteristics of resilience and various types of Asian martial arts and illustrates how Asian martial arts help to cultivate resiliency. Cultivation of internal energy (eg. chi kung), training the breath, meditative techniques and spiritual development, metaphors and models in Asian martial arts, and training ‘heart’ designed to enhance resiliency are mechanisms for how Asian marital arts cultivate resilience. Finally, a brief review of the health and mental health benefits of Asian martial arts is presented.
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Campbell PT, Wener MH, Sorensen B, Wood B, Chen-Levy Z, Potter JD, McTiernan A, Ulrich CM. Effect of exercise on in vitro immune function: a 12-month randomized, controlled trial among postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:1648-55. [PMID: 18403448 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01349.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies suggest that moderate physical activity is associated with enhanced resting immune function; however, few randomized controlled trials have investigated this link. We investigated the effect of 12-mo aerobic exercise, relative to stretching control, on in vitro immune function in a randomized, controlled trial of 115 postmenopausal, overweight, or obese sedentary women, aged 50-75 yr. The exercise goal was > or =45 min/day, 5 days/wk. Control women participated in 1 day/wk stretching classes. Immune markers (natural killer cell cytotoxicity, T-lymphocyte proliferation, immune cell counts and phenotypes, and serum immunoglobulins) were assessed at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo under strict blood-draw criteria. General estimation equations evaluated intervention effects at 3 and 12 mo, controlling for baseline. Of the 115 women who began the trial, blood samples were available from 109 at 3 mo (95%) and 108 at 12 mo (94%). From baseline to 12 mo, the exercise group participated in 87% of the prescribed physical activity minutes per week and increased maximal O(2) uptake by 13.8%; controls experienced no change in fitness. The main outcomes, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and T-lymphocyte proliferation, did not differ between groups at 3 and 12 mo. Secondary outcome and subgroup (e.g., stratification by baseline categories of body mass index, immune status, C-reactive protein, and age) analyses did not show any clear patterns of association. This 12-mo randomized, controlled trial showed no effect of aerobic exercise on in vitro immune function, despite excellent retention, high adherence, and demonstrable efficacy of the exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Campbell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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