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Parameshwar PK, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Engineering placental trophoblast fusion: A potential role for biomechanics in syncytialization. Placenta 2024; 157:50-54. [PMID: 38448351 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The process by which placental trophoblasts fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblast around the chorionic villi is not fully understood. Mechanical features of the in vivo and in vitro culture environments have recently emerged as having the potential to influence fusion efficiency, and considering these mechanical cues may ultimately allow predictive control of trophoblast syncytialization. Here, we review recent studies that suggest that biomechanical factors such as shear stress, tissue stiffness, and dimensionally-related stresses affect villous trophoblast fusion efficiency. We then discuss how these stimuli might arise in vivo and how they can be incorporated in cultures to study and enhance villous trophoblast fusion. We believe that this mechanical paradigm will provide novel insight into manipulating the syncytialization process to better engineer improved models, understand disease progression, and ultimately develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7B 1B7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, and Research Center Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3L 1K5, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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2
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Ueki T, Osaka Y, Homma K, Yamamoto S, Saruwatari A, Wang H, Kamimura M, Nakanishi J. Reversible Solubility Switching of a Polymer Triggered by Visible-Light Responsive Azobenzene Photochromism with Negligible Thermal Relaxation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400419. [PMID: 39116444 PMCID: PMC11583355 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the reversible solubility switching of a polymer triggered by non-phototoxic visible light. A photochromic polymerizable azobenzene monomer with four methoxy groups at the ortho-position (mAzoA) was synthesized, exhibiting reversible photoisomerization between trans- and cis-states using green (546 nm) and blue light (436 nm). Free radical copolymerization of hydrophilic dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) with mAzoA produced a light-responsive random copolymer (P(mAzoA-r-DMAAm)) that shows a reversible photochromic reaction to visible light. Optimizing mAzoA content resulted in P(mAzoA10.7-r-DMAAm)3.0 kDa exhibiting LCST-type phase separation in PBS (pH 7.4) with trans- and cis-states at 39.2 °C and 32.9 °C, respectively. The bistable temperature range of 6.3 °C covers 37 °C, suitable for mammalian cell culture. Reversible solubility changes were demonstrated under alternating green and blue light at 37 °C. 1H NMR indicated significant retardation of thermal relaxation from cis- to trans-states, preventing undesired thermal mechanical degradation. Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells adhered to the P(mAzoA-r-DMAAm) hydrogel, confirming its non-cytotoxicity and potential for biocompatible interfaces. This principle is useful for developing hydrogels that can reversibly stimulate cells mechanically or chemically in response to visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueki
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
- Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversityKita 10, Nishi 8, Kita‐kuSapporoHokkaido060–0810Japan
| | - Yuna Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced EngineeringTokyo University of Science6‐3‐1 Niijuku, Katsushika‐kuTokyo125–8585Japan
| | - Kenta Homma
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
- Present address:
Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565–0871Japan
- Present address:
Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565–0871Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Aya Saruwatari
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
- Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversityKita 10, Nishi 8, Kita‐kuSapporoHokkaido060–0810Japan
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Graduate School of Advanced EngineeringTokyo University of Science6‐3‐1 Niijuku, Katsushika‐kuTokyo125–8585Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Macromolecules and BiomaterialsNational Institute of Materials and Science1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced EngineeringTokyo University of Science6‐3‐1 Niijuku, Katsushika‐kuTokyo125–8585Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 OkuboShinjuku‐kuTokyo169–8555Japan
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3
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Sciumè G, Guevorkian K, Nassoy P. A bi-component model to assess the rheology of soft cellular aggregates probed using the micropipette aspiration technique. Acta Biomater 2024; 189:449-460. [PMID: 39362447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The micro-pipette aspiration technique is a classical experiment used to characterize the physical properties of inert fluids and biological soft materials such as cellular aggregates. The physical parameters of the fluid, as viscosity and interfacial tension, are obtained by studying how the fluid enters the pipette when the suction pressure is increased and how it relaxes when the suction pressure is put to zero. A mathematical model representative of the experiment is needed to extrapolate the physical parameters of the fluid-like matter; however, for biological materials as cells or cell aggregates mathematical models are always based on strong starting hypotheses that impact the significance of the identified parameters. In this article, starting from the bi-constituent nature of the cell aggregate, we derive a general mathematical model based of a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes set of equations. The model is applied to describe quantitatively the aspiration-retraction dynamics of a cell-aggregate into and out of a pipette. We demonstrate the predictive capability of the model and highlight the impact of the assumptions made on the identified parameters by studying two cases: one with a non-wetting condition between the cells and the wall of the pipette (classical assumption in the literature) and the second one, which is more realistic, with a partial wetting condition (contact angle θs = 150°). Furthermore, our results provide a purely physical explanation to the asymmetry between the aspiration and retraction responses which is alternative to the proposed hypothesis of an mechano-responsive alteration of the surface tension of the cell aggregate. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study introduces a general mathematical model, based on the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations, tailored to model micro-pipette aspiration of cell aggregates. The model accounts for the multi-component structure of the cell aggregate and its intrinsic viscoelastic rheology. By challenging prevailing assumptions, particularly regarding perfect non-wetting conditions and the mechano-responsive alteration of cell surface tension, we demonstrate the reliability of the mathematical model and elucidate the mechanisms at play, offering a purely physical explanation for observed asymmetries between the aspiration and retraction stages of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciumè
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400, Talence, France; Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
| | - Karine Guevorkian
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physique des Cellules et Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France; Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
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4
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Rafeedi T, Becerra LL, Root N, Qie Y, Brown W, Qi B, Fu L, Esparza G, Sasi L, Kapadia K, Rouw R, Jokerst J, Lipomi DJ. Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Mechanosensation Utilizing Pulsed and Digitally Modulated Light. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403690. [PMID: 39159128 PMCID: PMC11496992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The generation of pressure perturbations in matter stimulated by pulsed light is a method widely recognized as the photoacoustic or light-induced thermoelastic effect. In a series of psychophysical experiments, the robustness of the tactile perception generated with a variety of light sources is examined: a diverging pulsed laser used for photoacoustic tomography optical parameter oscillation (OPO), a miniature diode laser (MDL), and a commercial digital light processing (DLP) projector. It is demonstrated that participants can accurately detect, categorically describe the sensations, and discern the direction of pulsed light travel. High detection accuracy is reported as follows: (d' = 4.95 (OPO); d' = 2.78 (modulated MDL); d' = 2.99 (DLP)) of the stimulus on glabrous skin coated with a thin layer of dye absorber. For all light sources, the predominant sensation is felt as vibration at the distal phalanx (i.e., fingertip, 55.21-57.29%) and the proximal phalanx (41.67-44.79%). At the fingertip, thermal sensations are perceived less frequently than mechanical ones. Moreover, these haptic effects are preserved under a wide range of pulse widths, spot sizes, optical energies, and wavelengths of the light sources. This form of sensory stimulation demonstrates a generalizable non-contact, non-optogenetic, in situ activation of the mechanosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Rafeedi
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Laura L. Becerra
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Nicholas Root
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129‐BWT Amsterdam1018Netherlands
| | - Yi Qie
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - William Brown
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Baiyan Qi
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Guillermo Esparza
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Lekshmi Sasi
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Kabir Kapadia
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Romke Rouw
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129‐BWT Amsterdam1018Netherlands
| | - Jesse Jokerst
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
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Valente S, Galanti A, Maghin E, Najdi N, Piccoli M, Gobbo P. Matching Together Living Cells and Prototissues: Will There Be Chemistry? Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400378. [PMID: 39031571 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Scientific advancements in bottom-up synthetic biology have led to the development of numerous models of synthetic cells, or protocells. To date, research has mainly focused on increasing the (bio)chemical complexity of these bioinspired micro-compartmentalized systems, yet the successful integration of protocells with living cells remains one of the major challenges in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of the art in hybrid protocell/living cell and prototissue/living cell systems. Inspired by recent breakthroughs in tissue engineering, we review the chemical, bio-chemical, and mechano-chemical aspects that hold promise for achieving an effective integration of non-living and living matter. The future production of fully integrated protocell/living cell systems and increasingly complex prototissue/living tissue systems not only has the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering, but also paves the way for new technologies in (bio)sensing, personalized therapy, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Valente
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Galanti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Nahid Najdi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Unit of Trieste, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy
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Pramotton FM, Spitz S, Kamm RD. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403892. [PMID: 38922799 PMCID: PMC11348103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre-clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human-specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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Elblová P, Lunova M, Dejneka A, Jirsa M, Lunov O. Impact of mechanical cues on key cell functions and cell-nanoparticle interactions. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:106. [PMID: 38907808 PMCID: PMC11193707 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been recognized that mechanical forces play an important regulative role in living organisms and possess a direct impact on crucial cell functions, ranging from cell growth to maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Advancements in mechanobiology have revealed the profound impact of mechanical signals on diverse cellular responses that are cell type specific. Notably, numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of different mechanical cues as regulatory factors influencing various cellular processes, including cell spreading, locomotion, differentiation, and proliferation. Given these insights, it is unsurprising that the responses of cells regulated by physical forces are intricately linked to the modulation of nanoparticle uptake kinetics and processing. This complex interplay underscores the significance of understanding the mechanical microenvironment in shaping cellular behaviors and, consequently, influencing how cells interact with and process nanoparticles. Nevertheless, our knowledge on how localized physical forces affect the internalization and processing of nanoparticles by cells remains rather limited. A significant gap exists in the literature concerning a systematic analysis of how mechanical cues might bias the interactions between nanoparticles and cells. Hence, our aim in this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing knowledge regarding the influence of mechanical cues on the complicated dynamics of cell-nanoparticle interactions. By addressing this gap, we would like to contribute to a detailed understanding of the role that mechanical forces play in shaping the complex interplay between cells and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Elblová
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bae HJ, Shin SJ, Jo SB, Li CJ, Lee DJ, Lee JH, Lee HH, Kim HW, Lee JH. Cyclic stretch induced epigenetic activation of periodontal ligament cells. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101050. [PMID: 38654935 PMCID: PMC11035113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a crucial role in maintaining periodontal integrity and function by providing cell sources for ligament regeneration. While biophysical stimulation is known to regulate cell behaviors and functions, its impact on epigenetics of PDL cells has not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the cytoskeletal changes, epigenetic modifications, and lineage commitment of PDL cells following the application of stretch stimuli to PDL. PDL cells were subjected to stretching (0.1 Hz, 10 %). Subsequently, changes in focal adhesion, tubulin, and histone modification were observed. The survival ability in inflammatory conditions was also evaluated. Furthermore, using a rat hypo-occlusion model, we verified whether these phenomena are observed in vivo. Stretched PDL cells showed maximal histone 3 acetylation (H3Ace) at 2 h, aligning perpendicularly to the stretch direction. RNA sequencing revealed stretching altered gene sets related to mechanotransduction, histone modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and differentiation. We further found that anchorage, cell elongation, and actin/microtubule acetylation were highly upregulated with mechanosensitive chromatin remodelers such as H3Ace and histone H3 trimethyl lysine 9 (H3K9me3) adopting euchromatin status. Inhibitor studies showed mechanotransduction-mediated chromatin modification alters PDL cells behaviors. Stretched PDL cells displayed enhanced survival against bacterial toxin (C12-HSL) or ROS (H2O2) attack. Furthermore, cyclic stretch priming enhanced the osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation potential of PDL cells, as evidenced by upregulation of lineage-specific genes. In vivo, PDL cells from normally loaded teeth displayed an elongated morphology and higher levels of H3Ace compared to PDL cells with hypo-occlusion, where mechanical stimulus is removed. Overall, these data strongly link external physical forces to subsequent mechanotransduction and epigenetic changes, impacting gene expression and multiple cellular behaviors, providing important implications in cell biology and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jin Bae
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Jo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Histology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
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Chen YQ, Wu MC, Wei MT, Kuo JC, Yu HW, Chiou A. High-viscosity driven modulation of biomechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes osteogenic lineage. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101058. [PMID: 38681057 PMCID: PMC11046220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical cues could effectively govern cell gene expression to direct the differentiation of specific stem cell lineage. Recently, the medium viscosity has emerged as a significant mechanical stimulator that regulates the cellular mechanical properties and various physiological functions. However, whether the medium viscosity can regulate the mechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to effectively trigger osteogenic differentiation remains uncertain. The mechanism by which cells sense and respond to changes in medium viscosity, and regulate cell mechanical properties to promote osteogenic lineage, remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that hMSCs, cultured in a high-viscosity medium, exhibited larger cell spreading area and higher intracellular tension, correlated with elevated formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion maturation. Furthermore, these changes observed in hMSCs were associated with activation of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid sub-type 4) channels on the cell membrane. This feedback loop among TRPV4 activation, cell spreading and intracellular tension results in calcium influx, which subsequently promotes the nuclear localization of NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1). Concomitantly, the elevated intracellular tension induced nuclear deformation and promoted the nuclear localization of YAP (YES-associated protein). The concurrent activation of NFATc1 and YAP significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for pre-osteogenic activity. Taken together, these findings provide a more comprehensive view of how viscosity-induced alterations in biomechanical properties of MSCs impact the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and ultimately promote osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tzo Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Ueki T, Uto K, Yamamoto S, Tamate R, Kamiyama Y, Jia X, Noguchi H, Minami K, Ariga K, Wang H, Nakanishi J. Ionic Liquid Interface as a Cell Scaffold. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310105. [PMID: 38234135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In sharp contrast to conventional solid/hydrogel platforms, water-immiscible liquids, such as perfluorocarbons and silicones, allow the adhesion of mammalian cells via protein nanolayers (PNLs) formed at the interface. However, fluorocarbons and silicones, which are typically used for liquid cell culture, possess only narrow ranges of physicochemical parameters and have not allowed for a wide variety of cell culturing environments. In this paper, it is proposed that water-immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) are a new family of liquid substrates with tunable physicochemical properties and high solvation capabilities. Tetraalkylphosphonium-based ILs are identified as non-cytotoxic ILs, whereon human mesenchymal stem cells are successfully cultured. By reducing the cation charge distribution, or ionicity, via alkyl chain elongation, the interface allows cell spreading with matured focal contacts. High-speed atomic force microscopy observations of the PNL formation process suggest that the cation charge distribution significantly altered the protein adsorption dynamics, which are associated with the degree of protein denaturation and the PNL mechanics. Moreover, by exploiting dissolution capability of ILs, an ion-gel cell scaffold is fabricated. This enables to further identify the significant contribution of bulk subphase mechanics to cellular mechanosensing in liquid-based culture scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueki
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiyama
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidenori Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Tokyo, Katsushika-ku, 125-8585, Japan
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11
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Yao ZF, Kuang Y, Wu HT, Lundqvist E, Fu X, Celt N, Pei J, Yee A, Ardoña HAM. Selective Induction of Molecular Assembly to Tissue-Level Anisotropy on Peptide-Based Optoelectronic Cardiac Biointerfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312231. [PMID: 38335948 PMCID: PMC11126358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The conduction efficiency of ions in excitable tissues and of charged species in organic conjugated materials both benefit from having ordered domains and anisotropic pathways. In this study, a photocurrent-generating cardiac biointerface is presented, particularly for investigating the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to geometrically comply to biomacromolecular cues differentially assembled on a conductive nanogrooved substrate. Through a polymeric surface-templated approach, photoconductive substrates with symmetric peptide-quaterthiophene (4T)-peptide units assembled as 1D nanostructures on nanoimprinted polyalkylthiophene (P3HT) surface are developed. The 4T-based peptides studied here can form 1D nanostructures on prepatterned polyalkylthiophene substrates, as directed by hydrogen bonding, aromatic interactions between 4T and P3HT, and physical confinement on the nanogrooves. It is observed that smaller 4T-peptide units that can achieve a higher degree of assembly order within the polymeric templates serve as a more efficient driver of cardiac cytoskeletal anisotropy than merely presenting aligned -RGD bioadhesive epitopes on a nanotopographic surface. These results unravel some insights on how cardiomyocytes perceive submicrometer dimensionality, local molecular order, and characteristics of surface cues in their immediate environment. Overall, the work offers a cardiac patterning platform that presents the possibility of a gene modification-free cardiac photostimulation approach while controlling the conduction directionality of the biotic and abiotic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yuyao Kuang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Emil Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Natalie Celt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Albert Yee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim D. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 PMCID: PMC10928588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Laskow
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Microphysiological SystemsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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13
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Karimifard SA, Salehzadeh-Yazdi A, Taghizadeh-Tabarsi R, Akbari-Birgani S. Mechanical effects modulate drug resistance in MCF-7-derived organoids: Insights into the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149420. [PMID: 38154263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Addressing drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, as cancer cells develop diverse mechanisms to evade chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure and disease relapse. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has emerged as a valuable model for studying drug resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By obtaining a better understanding of drug resistance within the 3D culture environment, we can develop more effective strategies to overcome it and improve the success of cancer treatments. Notably, the physical structure undergoes notable changes in 3D culture, with mechanical effects believed to play a pivotal role in drug resistance. Hence, our study aimed to explore the influence of mechanical effects on drug resistance by analyzing data related to "drug resistance" and "mechanobiology". Through this analysis, we identified β-catenin and JNK1 as potential factors, which were further examined in MCF-7 cells cultivated under both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Our findings demonstrate that β-catenin is activated through canonical and non-canonical pathways and associated with the drug resistance, particularly in organoids obtained under 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Karimifard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | | | - Reza Taghizadeh-Tabarsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
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14
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Ahmed DW, Eiken MK, DePalma SJ, Helms AS, Zemans RL, Spence JR, Baker BM, Loebel C. Integrating mechanical cues with engineered platforms to explore cardiopulmonary development and disease. iScience 2023; 26:108472. [PMID: 38077130 PMCID: PMC10698280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces provide critical biological signals to cells during healthy and aberrant organ development as well as during disease processes in adults. Within the cardiopulmonary system, mechanical forces, such as shear, compressive, and tensile forces, act across various length scales, and dysregulated forces are often a leading cause of disease initiation and progression such as in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cardiomyopathies. Engineered in vitro models have supported studies of mechanical forces in a number of tissue and disease-specific contexts, thus enabling new mechanistic insights into cardiopulmonary development and disease. This review first provides fundamental examples where mechanical forces operate at multiple length scales to ensure precise lung and heart function. Next, we survey recent engineering platforms and tools that have provided new means to probe and modulate mechanical forces across in vitro and in vivo settings. Finally, the potential for interdisciplinary collaborations to inform novel therapeutic approaches for a number of cardiopulmonary diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia W. Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madeline K. Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam S. Helms
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Mielnicka A, Kołodziej T, Dziob D, Lasota S, Sroka J, Rajfur Z. Impact of elastic substrate on the dynamic heterogeneity of WC256 Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15743. [PMID: 37735532 PMCID: PMC10514059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a phenomenon in which cell populations are composed of subpopulations that vary in their behavior. Heterogeneity is particularly pronounced in cancer cells and can affect the efficacy of oncological therapies. Previous studies have considered heterogeneity dynamics to be indicative of evolutionary changes within subpopulations; however, these studies do not consider the short-time morphological plasticity of cells. Physical properties of the microenvironment elasticity have also been poorly investigated within the context of cellular heterogeneity, despite its role in determining cellular behavior. This article demonstrates that cellular heterogeneity can be highly dynamic and dependent on the micromechanical properties of the substrate. During observation, migrating Walker carcinosarcoma WC256 cells were observed to belong to different subpopulations, in which their morphologies and migration strategies differed. Furthermore, the application of an elastic substrate (E = 40 kPa) modified three aspects of cellular heterogeneity: the occurrence of subpopulations, the occurrence of transitions between subpopulations, and cellular migration and morphology. These findings provide a new perspective in the analysis of cellular heterogeneity, whereby it may not be a static feature of cancer cell populations, instead varying over time. This helps further the understanding of cancer cell behavior, including their phenotype and migration strategy, which may help to improve cancer therapies by extending their suitability to investigate tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielnicka
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, ul. Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kołodziej
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Dziob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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16
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Moldovan L, Song CH, Chen YC, Wang HJ, Ju LA. Biomembrane force probe (BFP): Design, advancements, and recent applications to live-cell mechanobiology. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230004. [PMID: 37933233 PMCID: PMC10624387 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces play a vital role in biological processes at molecular and cellular levels, significantly impacting various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19. Recent advancements in dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) techniques have enabled the application and measurement of forces and displacements with high resolutions, providing crucial insights into the mechanical pathways underlying these diseases. Among DFS techniques, the biomembrane force probe (BFP) stands out for its ability to measure bond kinetics and cellular mechanosensing with pico-newton and nano-meter resolutions. Here, a comprehensive overview of the classical BFP-DFS setup is presented and key advancements are emphasized, including the development of dual biomembrane force probe (dBFP) and fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP). BFP-DFS allows us to investigate dynamic bond behaviors on living cells and significantly enhances the understanding of specific ligand-receptor axes mediated cell mechanosensing. The contributions of BFP-DFS to the fields of cancer biology, thrombosis, and inflammation are delved into, exploring its potential to elucidate novel therapeutic discoveries. Furthermore, future BFP upgrades aimed at improving output and feasibility are anticipated, emphasizing its growing importance in the field of cell mechanobiology. Although BFP-DFS remains a niche research modality, its impact on the expanding field of cell mechanobiology is immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moldovan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyDarlingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Heart Research InstituteNewtownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Caroline Haoran Song
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyDarlingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Heart Research InstituteNewtownNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yiyao Catherine Chen
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyDarlingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Haoqing Jerry Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyDarlingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Heart Research InstituteNewtownNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyDarlingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- Heart Research InstituteNewtownNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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17
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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18
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Li D, Li J, Hu J, Tang M, Xiu P, Guo Y, Chen T, Mu N, Wang L, Zhang X, Liang G, Wang H, Fan C. Nanomechanical Profiling of Aβ42 Oligomer-Induced Biological Changes in Single Hippocampus Neurons. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5517-5527. [PMID: 36881017 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how Aβ42 oligomers induce changes in neurons from a mechanobiological perspective has important implications in neuronal dysfunction relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains challenging to profile the mechanical responses of neurons and correlate the mechanical signatures to the biological properties of neurons given the structural complexity of cells. Here, we quantitatively investigate the nanomechanical properties of primary hippocampus neurons upon exposure to Aβ42 oligomers at the single neuron level by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We develop a method termed heterogeneity-load-unload nanomechanics (HLUN), which exploits the AFM force spectra in the whole loading-unloading cycle, allowing comprehensive profiling of the mechanical properties of living neurons. We extract four key nanomechanical parameters, including the apparent Young's modulus, cell spring constant, normalized hysteresis, and adhesion work, that serve as the nanomechanical signatures of neurons treated with Aβ42 oligomers. These parameters are well-correlated with neuronal height increase, cortical actin filament strengthening, and calcium concentration elevation. Thus, we establish an HLUN method-based AFM nanomechanical analysis tool for single neuron study and build an effective correlation between the nanomechanical profile of the single neurons and the biological effects triggered by Aβ42 oligomers. Our finding provides useful information on the dysfunction of neurons from the mechanobiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Super-resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Center of Super-resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Center of Super-resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunchang Guo
- Yihuang (Wuxi) Spectrum Measurement & Control Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214024, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guizhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Center of Super-resolution Optics and Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200024, China
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19
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Rouleau N, Murugan NJ, Kaplan DL. Functional bioengineered models of the central nervous system. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:252-270. [PMID: 37064657 PMCID: PMC9903289 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living organisms. Its nested cells, circuits and networks encode memories, move bodies and generate experiences. Neural tissues can be engineered to assemble model systems that recapitulate essential features of the CNS and to investigate neurodevelopment, delineate pathophysiology, improve regeneration and accelerate drug discovery. In this Review, we discuss essential structure-function relationships of the CNS and examine materials and design considerations, including composition, scale, complexity and maturation, of cell biology-based and engineering-based CNS models. We highlight region-specific CNS models that can emulate functions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord, neural-X interfaces and other regions, and investigate a range of applications for CNS models, including fundamental and clinical research. We conclude with an outlook to future possibilities of CNS models, highlighting the engineering challenges that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouleau
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Nirosha J. Murugan
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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20
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Onal S, Alkaisi MM, Nock V. Microdevice-based mechanical compression on living cells. iScience 2022; 25:105518. [PMID: 36444299 PMCID: PMC9699986 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compressive stress enables the investigation of a range of cellular processes in which forces play an important role, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and invasion. Such solid stress can be introduced externally to study cell response and to mechanically induce changes in cell morphology and behavior by static or dynamic compression. Microfluidics is a useful tool for this, allowing one to mimic in vivo microenvironments in on-chip culture systems where force application can be controlled spatially and temporally. Here, we review the mechanical compression applications on cells with a broad focus on studies using microtechnologies and microdevices to apply cell compression, in comparison to off-chip bulk systems. Due to their unique features, microfluidic systems developed to apply compressive forces on single cells, in 2D and 3D culture models, and compression in cancer microenvironments are emphasized. Research efforts in this field can help the development of mechanoceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Onal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Maan M. Alkaisi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Volker Nock
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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21
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Niu D, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li D, He C, Liu H. Mechanobiology Platform Realized Using Photomechanical Mxene Nanocomposites: Bilayer Photoactuator Design and In Vitro Mechanical Forces Stimulation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6869. [PMID: 36234210 PMCID: PMC9570783 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the process by which cells convert external forces and physical constraints into biochemical signals that control several aspects of cellular behavior. A number of approaches have been proposed to investigate the mechanisms of mechanotransduction; however, it remains a great challenge to develop a platform for dynamic multivariate mechanical stimulation of single cells and small colonies of cells. In this study, we combined polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/Mxene nanoplatelets (MNPs) to construct a soft bilayer nanocomposite for extracellular mechanical stimulation. Fast backlash actuation of the bilayer as a result of near-infrared irradiation caused mechanical force stimulation of cells in a controllable manner. The excellent controllability of the light intensity and frequency allowed backlash bending acceleration and frequency to be manipulated. As gastric gland carcinoma cell line MKN-45 was the research subject, mechanical force loading conditions could trigger apoptosis of the cells in a stimulation duration time-dependent manner. Cell apoptotic rates were positively related to the duration time. In the case of 6 min mechanical force loading, apoptotic cell percentage rose to 34.46% from 5.5% of the control. This approach helps apply extracellular mechanical forces, even with predesigned loading cycles, and provides a solution to study cell mechanotransduction in complex force conditions. It is also a promising therapeutic technique for combining physical therapy and biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Medical College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Chunmeng He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- The Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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22
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Ma Y, Wang X, Su T, Lu F, Chang Q, Gao J. Recent Advances in Macroporous Hydrogels for Cell Behavior and Tissue Engineering. Gels 2022; 8:606. [PMID: 36286107 PMCID: PMC9601978 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation because of their high-water content and biocompatibility similarity to the extracellular matrix. However, submicron or nanosized pore networks within hydrogels severely limit cell survival and tissue regeneration. In recent years, the application of macroporous hydrogels in tissue engineering has received considerable attention. The macroporous structure not only facilitates nutrient transportation and metabolite discharge but also provides more space for cell behavior and tissue formation. Several strategies for creating and functionalizing macroporous hydrogels have been reported. This review began with an overview of the advantages and challenges of macroporous hydrogels in the regulation of cellular behavior. In addition, advanced methods for the preparation of macroporous hydrogels to modulate cellular behavior were discussed. Finally, future research in related fields was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
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23
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Kalashnikov N, Moraes C. Engineering physical microenvironments to study innate immune cell biophysics. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031504. [PMID: 36156981 PMCID: PMC9492295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity forms the core of the human body's defense system against infection, injury, and foreign objects. It aims to maintain homeostasis by promoting inflammation and then initiating tissue repair, but it can also lead to disease when dysregulated. Although innate immune cells respond to their physical microenvironment and carry out intrinsically mechanical actions such as migration and phagocytosis, we still do not have a complete biophysical description of innate immunity. Here, we review how engineering tools can be used to study innate immune cell biophysics. We first provide an overview of innate immunity from a biophysical perspective, review the biophysical factors that affect the innate immune system, and then explore innate immune cell biophysics in the context of migration, phagocytosis, and phenotype polarization. Throughout the review, we highlight how physical microenvironments can be designed to probe the innate immune system, discuss how biophysical insight gained from these studies can be used to generate a more comprehensive description of innate immunity, and briefly comment on how this insight could be used to develop mechanical immune biomarkers and immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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24
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Wang K, Lu X, Lu Y, Wang J, Lu Q, Cao X, Yang Y, Yang Z. Nanomaterials in Animal Husbandry: Research and Prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:915911. [PMID: 35846144 PMCID: PMC9280890 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.915911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancer treatments are potential applications of nanomaterials in biology. To explore the latest discoveries in nanotechnology, we reviewed the published literature, focusing on co-assembled nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and their applications in animal husbandry. The results show that nanoparticles have significant anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects, demonstrating broad application prospects in animal breeding. Furthermore, pooled evidence suggests that the mechanism is to have a positive impact on inflammation and tumors through the specific drug loading by indirectly or directly targeting the disease sites. Because the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear, most studies have focused on regulating particular sites or even specific genes in the nucleus by targeting functional co-assembled nanoparticles. Hence, despite the intriguing scenarios for nanotechnology in farmed animals, most results cannot yet be translated into field applications. Overall, nanomaterials outperformed similar materials in terms of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. Nanotechnology also has promising applications in animal husbandry and veterinary care, and its application and development in animal husbandry remain an exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yang, ; Zhangping Yang,
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yang, ; Zhangping Yang,
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25
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Özkale B, Lou J, Özelçi E, Elosegui-Artola A, Tringides CM, Mao AS, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Actuated 3D microgels for single cell mechanobiology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1962-1970. [PMID: 35437554 PMCID: PMC10116575 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new cell culture technology for large-scale mechanobiology studies capable of generating and applying optically controlled uniform compression on single cells in 3D. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are individually encapsulated inside an optically triggered nanoactuator-alginate hybrid biomaterial using microfluidics, and the encapsulating network isotropically compresses the cell upon activation by light. The favorable biomolecular properties of alginate allow cell culture in vitro up to a week. The mechanically active microgels are capable of generating up to 15% compressive strain and forces reaching 400 nN. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the use of the mechanically active cell culture system in mechanobiology by subjecting singly encapsulated MSCs to optically generated isotropic compression and monitoring changes in intracellular calcium intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Junzhe Lou
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ece Özelçi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina M Tringides
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Angelo S Mao
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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26
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Cao H, Yang L, Tian R, Wu H, Gu Z, Li Y. Versatile polyphenolic platforms in regulating cell biology. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4175-4198. [PMID: 35535743 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic materials are a class of fascinating and versatile bioinspired materials for biointerfacial engineering. In particular, due to the presence of active chemical groups, a series of unique physicochemical properties become accessible and tunable of the as-prepared polyphenolic platforms, which could delicately regulate the cell activities via cell-material contact-dependent interactions. More interestingly, polyphenols could also affect the cell behaviors via cell-material contact-independent manner, which arise due to their intrinsically functional characteristics (e.g., antioxidant and photothermal behaviors). As such, a comprehensive understanding on the relationship between material properties and desired biomedical applications, as well as the underlying mechanism at the cellular and molecular level would provide material design principles and accelerate the lab-to-clinic translation of polyphenolic platforms. In this review, we firstly give a brief overview of cell hallmarks governed by surrounding cues, followed by the introduction of polyphenolic material engineering strategies. Subsequently, a detailed discussion on cell-polyphenols contact-dependent interfacial interaction and contact-independent interaction was also carefully provided. Lastly, their biomedical applications were elaborated. We believe that this review could provide guidances for the rational material design of multifunctional polyphenols and extend their application window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Rong Tian
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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27
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Ul Islam T, Wang Y, Aggarwal I, Cui Z, Eslami Amirabadi H, Garg H, Kooi R, Venkataramanachar BB, Wang T, Zhang S, Onck PR, den Toonder JMJ. Microscopic artificial cilia - a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1650-1679. [PMID: 35403636 PMCID: PMC9063641 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microscopic hair-like external cell organelles that are ubiquitously present in nature, also within the human body. They fulfill crucial biological functions: motile cilia provide transportation of fluids and cells, and immotile cilia sense shear stress and concentrations of chemical species. Inspired by nature, scientists have developed artificial cilia mimicking the functions of biological cilia, aiming at application in microfluidic devices like lab-on-chip or organ-on-chip. By actuating the artificial cilia, for example by a magnetic field, an electric field, or pneumatics, microfluidic flow can be generated and particles can be transported. Other functions that have been explored are anti-biofouling and flow sensing. We provide a critical review of the progress in artificial cilia research and development as well as an evaluation of its future potential. We cover all aspects from fabrication approaches, actuation principles, artificial cilia functions - flow generation, particle transport and flow sensing - to applications. In addition to in-depth analyses of the current state of knowledge, we provide classifications of the different approaches and quantitative comparisons of the results obtained. We conclude that artificial cilia research is very much alive, with some concepts close to industrial implementation, and other developments just starting to open novel scientific opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ul Islam
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ishu Aggarwal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hossein Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hemanshul Garg
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooi
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bhavana B Venkataramanachar
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Williams MAC, Mair DB, Lee W, Lee E, Kim DH. Engineering Three-Dimensional Vascularized Cardiac Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:336-350. [PMID: 33559514 PMCID: PMC9063162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the largest burdens to human health worldwide and has very limited therapeutic options. Engineered three-dimensional (3D) vascularized cardiac tissues have shown promise in rescuing cardiac function in diseased hearts and may serve as a whole organ replacement in the future. One of the major obstacles in reconstructing these thick myocardial tissues to a clinically applicable scale is the integration of functional vascular networks capable of providing oxygen and nutrients throughout whole engineered constructs. Without perfusion of oxygen and nutrient flow throughout the entire engineered tissue not only is tissue viability compromised, but also overall tissue functionality is lost. There are many supporting technologies and approaches that have been developed to create vascular networks such as 3D bioprinting, co-culturing hydrogels, and incorporation of soluble angiogenic factors. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss some of the most current engineered vascular cardiac tissues reported in the literature and future directions in the field. Impact statement The field of cardiac tissue engineering is rapidly evolving and is now closer than ever to having engineered tissue models capable of predicting preclinical responses to therapeutics, modeling diseases, and being used as a means of rescuing cardiac function following injuries to the native myocardium. However, a major obstacle of engineering thick cardiac tissue remains to be the integration of functional vasculature. In this review, we highlight seminal and recently published works that have influenced and pushed the field of cardiac tissue engineering toward achieving vascularized functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B. Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonjae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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BASKAN OZNUR, OZCIVICI ENGIN. VIABILITY OF 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES IS MODULATED BY THE APPLIED FREQUENCY BUT NOT THE EXPOSURE DURATION OF LOW INTENSITY VIBRATORY STIMULATION. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are the integral determinants in cell and tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and they can affect numerous biological process from proliferation to fate determination. Mechanical forces that possess low magnitude and high frequency characteristics are also known as low intensity vibrations (LIVs). These signals were studied widely on many cell types for regenerative purposes, however most of these studies select components of LIV signals (e.g., magnitude, frequency, duration, etc.) arbitrarily. Here, we addressed the effect of LIV applied frequency, LIV daily exposure time and fate induction on the viability of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. For this, we performed a frequency sweep that was ranging from 30[Formula: see text]Hz to 120[Formula: see text]Hz with 15[Formula: see text]Hz increments applied for 5, 10 or 20[Formula: see text]min during quiescent growth or adipogenesis for up to 10 days. Results suggest that the applied frequency and fate induction was an important determinant of cell viability while daily exposure time had no effect. These findings contribute to the effort of optimizing a relevant mechanical stimulus that can inhibit adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- OZNUR BASKAN
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - ENGIN OZCIVICI
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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30
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Zhang M, Meng N, Wang X, Chen W, Zhang Q. TRPV4 and PIEZO Channels Mediate the Mechanosensing of Chondrocytes to the Biomechanical Microenvironment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020237. [PMID: 35207158 PMCID: PMC8874592 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage and their chondrocytes are physiologically submitted to diverse types of mechanical cues. Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilage by sensing and responding to changing mechanical loads. TRPV4 and PIEZOs, activated by mechanical cues, are important mechanosensing molecules of chondrocytes and have pivotal roles in articular cartilage during health and disease. The objective of this review is to introduce the recent progress indicating that the mechanosensitive ion channels, TRPV4 and PIEZOs, are involved in the chondrocyte sensing of mechanical and inflammatory cues. We present a focus on the important role of TRPV4 and PIEZOs in the mechanotransduction regulating diverse chondrocyte functions in the biomechanical microenvironment. The review synthesizes the most recent advances in our understanding of how mechanical stimuli affect various cellular behaviors and functions through differentially activating TRPV4 and PIEZO ion channels in chondrocyte. Advances in understanding the complex roles of TRPV4/PIEZO-mediated mechanosignaling mechanisms have the potential to recapitulate physiological biomechanical microenvironments and design cell-instructive biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Nan Meng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-15364710252 (W.C.); +86-13700500252 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-0351-3176651 (Q.Z.)
| | - Quanyou Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (M.Z.); (N.M.); (X.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-15364710252 (W.C.); +86-13700500252 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-0351-3176651 (Q.Z.)
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31
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Sun W, Gao X, Lei H, Wang W, Cao Y. Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105254. [PMID: 34923777 PMCID: PMC8844594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Sun
- School of SciencesNantong UniversityNantong226019P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Hai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and IntegrationNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructureand Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Institute of Brain ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and TechnologyDepartment of Polymer Science & EngineeringCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjing210023P. R. China
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Kumemura M, Pekin D, Menon VA, Van Seuningen I, Collard D, Tarhan MC. Fabricating Silicon Resonators for Analysing Biological Samples. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1546. [PMID: 34945396 PMCID: PMC8708134 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adaptability of microscale devices allows microtechnologies to be used for a wide range of applications. Biology and medicine are among those fields that, in recent decades, have applied microtechnologies to achieve new and improved functionality. However, despite their ability to achieve assay sensitivities that rival or exceed conventional standards, silicon-based microelectromechanical systems remain underutilised for biological and biomedical applications. Although microelectromechanical resonators and actuators do not always exhibit optimal performance in liquid due to electrical double layer formation and high damping, these issues have been solved with some innovative fabrication processes or alternative experimental approaches. This paper focuses on several examples of silicon-based resonating devices with a brief look at their fundamental sensing elements and key fabrication steps, as well as current and potential biological/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kumemura
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan;
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Deniz Pekin
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Vivek Anand Menon
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma 376-8515, Japan;
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Dominique Collard
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
| | - Mehmet Cagatay Tarhan
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (D.P.); (D.C.)
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Lille University, SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, CEDEX, 59046 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520—IEMN, Institut
d’Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, F-59000 Lille, France
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33
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Esfahani SN, Resto Irizarry AM, Xue X, Lee SBD, Shao Y, Fu J. Micro/nanoengineered technologies for human pluripotent stem cells maintenance and differentiation. NANO TODAY 2021; 41:101310. [PMID: 34745321 PMCID: PMC8570530 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for cell replacement-based therapies as well as modeling human development and diseases in vitro. However, achieving fate control of hPSC with a high yield and specificity remains challenging. The fate specification of hPSCs is regulated by biochemical and biomechanical cues in their environment. Driven by this knowledge, recent exciting advances in micro/nanoengineering have been leveraged to develop a broad range of tools for the generation of extracellular biomechanical and biochemical signals that determine the behavior of hPSCs. In this review, we summarize such micro/nanoengineered technologies for controlling hPSC fate and highlight the role of biochemical and biomechanical cues such as substrate rigidity, surface topography, and cellular confinement in the hPSC-based technologies that are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel Byung-Deuk Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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34
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Hou Y, Xie W, Fan X, Tang P, Yu L, Haag R. "Raspberry" Hierarchical Topographic Features Regulate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion and Differentiation via Enhanced Mechanosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54840-54849. [PMID: 34756008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of cellular mechanoresponses to well-defined synthetic topographic features is crucial for the fundamental research and biomedical applications of stem cells. Structured biointerfaces, in particular the ones with nanometer and/or micrometer surficial features, have drawn more attention in the past few decades. However, it is still difficult to integrate nanostructures and microstructures onto the synthesized biointerfaces to mimic the hierarchical architecture of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, a series of "raspberry"-like hierarchical surfaces with well-defined nanofeatures and tunable nano/microfeatures have been achieved via a catecholic polymer coating technique. Cellular responses to these hierarchical interfaces were systemically studied, indicating that the nanofeatures on the raspberry surfaces significantly enhanced the mechanosensing of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to interfacial physical cues. Cell mechanotransduction was further investigated by analyzing focal adhesion assembling, cytoskeleton organization, cell nuclear mechanics, and transcriptional activity. The results suggest that nanosize surficial features could increase cellular mechanosensing to environment physical cues. The mechanotransduction and cell fate specification were greatly enhanced by the ECM mimicking nano/microhierarchical biointerfaces but the features should be in an optimized size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenyan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Fan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Tang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Kim J, Mailand E, Ang I, Sakar MS, Bouklas N. A model for 3D deformation and reconstruction of contractile microtissues. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10198-10209. [PMID: 33118554 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis and regeneration are essentially mechanical processes that involve coordination of cellular forces, production and structural remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell migration. Discovering the principles of cell-ECM interactions and tissue-scale deformation in mechanically-loaded tissues is instrumental to the development of novel regenerative therapies. The combination of high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) culture systems and experimentally-validated computational models accelerate the study of these principles. In our previous work [E. Mailand, et al., Biophys. J., 2019, 117, 975-986], we showed that prominent surface stresses emerge in constrained fibroblast-populated collagen gels, driving the morphogenesis of fibrous microtissues. Here, we introduce an active material model that allows the embodiment of surface and bulk contractile stresses while maintaining the passive elasticity of the ECM in a 3D setting. Unlike existing models, the stresses are driven by mechanosensing and not by an externally applied signal. The mechanosensing component is incorporated in the model through a direct coupling of the local deformation state with the associated contractile force generation. Further, we propose a finite element implementation to account for large deformations, nonlinear active material response, and surface effects. Simulation results quantitatively capture complex shape changes during tissue formation and as a response to surgical disruption of tissue boundaries, allowing precise calibration of the parameters of the 3D model. The results of this study imply that the organization of the extracellular matrix in the bulk of the tissue may not be a major factor behind the morphogenesis of fibrous tissues at sub-millimeter length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Erik Mailand
- Institutes of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ida Ang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institutes of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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36
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Moretti L, Bizzoca D, Giancaspro GA, Cassano GD, Moretti F, Setti S, Moretti B. Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes' Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111206. [PMID: 34833424 PMCID: PMC8619315 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease and the main cause of pain and disability in elderly people. OA currently represents a significant social health problem, since it affects 250 million individuals worldwide, mainly adults aged over 65. Although OA is a multifactorial disease, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, it is reported that joint degeneration has a higher prevalence in former athletes. Repetitive impact and loading, joint overuse and recurrent injuries followed by a rapid return to the sport might explain athletes' predisposition to joint articular degeneration. In recent years, however, big efforts have been made to improve the prevention and management of sports injuries and to speed up the athletes' return-to-sport. Biophysics is the study of biological processes and systems using physics-based methods or based on physical principles. Clinical biophysics has recently evolved as a medical branch that investigates the relationship between the human body and non-ionizing physical energy. A physical stimulus triggers a biological response by regulating specific intracellular pathways, thus acting as a drug. Preclinical and clinical trials have shown positive effects of biophysical stimulation on articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovia. This review aims to assess the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the prevention and treatment of joint degeneration in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.M.); (G.A.G.); (G.D.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Davide Bizzoca
- PhD. Course in Public Health, Clinical Medicine and Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Angelo Giancaspro
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.M.); (G.A.G.); (G.D.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Cassano
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.M.); (G.A.G.); (G.D.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Francesco Moretti
- National Center for Chemicals, Cosmetic Products and Consumer Protection, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Setti
- IGEA Spa-Clinical Biophysics, via Parmenide, 10/A, 41012 Carpi (Mo), Italy;
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.M.); (G.A.G.); (G.D.C.); (B.M.)
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37
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Pan Z, Huang J, Zhuang W. Protein-Ligand Binding Molecular Details Revealed by Terahertz Optical Kerr Spectroscopy: A Simulation Study. JACS AU 2021; 1:1788-1797. [PMID: 34723281 PMCID: PMC8549111 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond fast motions and their involvement in the biochemical processes such as protein-ligand binding has engaged significant attention. Terahertz optical Kerr spectroscopy (OKE) has the superior potential to probe these fast motions directly. Application of OKE in protein-ligand binding study is, however, limited by the difficulty of quantitative atomistic interpretation, and the calculation of Kerr spectrum for entire solvated protein complex was considered not yet feasible, due to the lack of one consistent polarizable model for both configuration sampling and polarizability calculation. Here, we analyzed the biochemical relevance of OKE to the lysozyme-triacetylchitotriose binding based on the first OKE simulation using one consistent Drude polarizable model. An analytical multipole and induced dipole scheme was employed to calculate the off-diagonal Drude polarizability more efficiently and accurately. Further theoretical analysis revealed how the subtle twisting and stiffening of aromatic protein residues' spatial arrangement as well as the confinement of small water clusters between ligand and protein cavity due to the ligand binding can be examined using Kerr spectroscopy. Comparison between the signals of bound complex and that of uncorrelated protein/ligand demonstrated that binding action alone has reflection in the OKE spectrum. Our study indicated OKE as a powerful terahertz probe for protein-ligand binding chemistry and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35000, China
- Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Guangming
District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Westlake
Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural
Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35000, China
- Institute
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, XiaMen, Fujian 361021, China
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38
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Kim AG, Kim TW, Kwon WK, Lee KH, Jeong S, Hwang MH, Choi H. Microfluidic Chip with Low Constant-Current Stimulation (LCCS) Platform: Human Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration In Vitro Model for Symptomatic Intervertebral Disc. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1291. [PMID: 34832700 PMCID: PMC8621874 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP) in the lumbar spine. This phenomenon is caused by several processes, including matrix degradation in IVD tissues, which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory responses, which can be mediated by interactions among immune cells, such as macrophages and IVD cells. In particular, interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), which is a master regulator secreted by macrophages, mediates the inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells (NP) and plays a significant role in the development or progression of diseases. In this study, we developed a custom electrical stimulation (ES) platform that can apply low-constant-current stimulation (LCCS) signals to microfluidic chips. Using this platform, we examined the effects of LCCS on IL-1β-mediated inflammatory NP cells, administered at various currents (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μA at 200 Hz). Our results showed that the inflammatory response, induced by IL-1β in human NP cells, was successfully established. Furthermore, 5, 10, 20, and 100 μA LCCS positively modulated inflamed human NP cells' morphological phenotype and kinetic properties. LCCS could affect the treatment of degenerative diseases, revealing the applicability of the LCCS platform for basic research of electroceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Gi Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea; (A.-G.K.); (T.-W.K.)
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea; (A.-G.K.); (T.-W.K.)
| | - Woo-Keun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical, Mechatronics, and Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Sehoon Jeong
- Department of Healthcare Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Min-Ho Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea; (A.-G.K.); (T.-W.K.)
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea; (A.-G.K.); (T.-W.K.)
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Yang Q, Kajimoto S, Kobayashi Y, Hiramatsu H, Nakabayashi T. Regulation of Cell Volume by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10692-10700. [PMID: 34519209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of cells by nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) has attracted attention as a technology for medical applications such as cancer treatment. nsPEFs have been shown to affect intracellular environments without significant damage to cell membranes; however, the mechanism underlying the effect of nsPEFs on cells remains unclear. In this study, we constructed electrodes for applying nsPEFs and analyzed the change in volume of a single cell due to nsPEFs using fluorescence and Raman microscopy. It was shown that the direction of the change depended on the applied electric field; expansion due to the influx of water was observed at high electric field, and cell shrinkage was observed at low electric field. The change in cell volume was correlated to the change in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and nsPEFs-induced shrinking was not observed when the Ca2+-free medium was used. This result suggests that the cell shrinkage is related to the regulatory volume decrease where the cell adjusts the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, inducing the efflux of ions and water from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinji Kajimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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40
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Sohrabi Kashani A, Packirisamy M. Cancer-Nano-Interaction: From Cellular Uptake to Mechanobiological Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9587. [PMID: 34502495 PMCID: PMC8431109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology, the nano-bio-interaction field has emerged. It is essential to enhance our understanding of nano-bio-interaction in different aspects to design nanomedicines and improve their efficacy for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Many researchers have extensively studied the toxicological responses of cancer cells to nano-bio-interaction, while their mechanobiological responses have been less investigated. The mechanobiological properties of cells such as elasticity and adhesion play vital roles in cellular functions and cancer progression. Many studies have noticed the impacts of cellular uptake on the structural organization of cells and, in return, the mechanobiology of human cells. Mechanobiological changes induced by the interactions of nanomaterials and cells could alter cellular functions and influence cancer progression. Hence, in addition to biological responses, the possible mechanobiological responses of treated cells should be monitored as a standard methodology to evaluate the efficiency of nanomedicines. Studying the cancer-nano-interaction in the context of cell mechanics takes our knowledge one step closer to designing safe and intelligent nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly discuss how the characteristic properties of nanoparticles influence cellular uptake. Then, we provide insight into the mechanobiological responses that may occur during the nano-bio-interactions, and finally, the important measurement techniques for the mechanobiological characterizations of cells are summarized and compared. Understanding the unknown mechanobiological responses to nano-bio-interaction will help with developing the application of nanoparticles to modulate cell mechanics for controlling cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical Bio-Microsystem Lab, Micro-Nano-Bio-Integration Centre, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
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41
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Foster NC, Allen P, El Haj AJ, Grover LM, Moakes RJA. Tailoring Therapeutic Responses via Engineering Microenvironments with a Novel Synthetic Fluid Gel. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100622. [PMID: 34160135 PMCID: PMC11468753 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first fully synthetic fluid gel (SyMGels) using a simple poly(ethylene glycol) polymer. Fluid gels are an interesting class of materials: structured during gelation via shear-confinement to form microparticulate suspensions, through a bottom-up approach. Structuring in this way, when compared to first forming a gel and subsequently breaking it down, results in the formation of a particulate dispersion with particles "grown" in the shear flow. Resultantly, systems form a complex microstructure, where gelled particles concentrate remaining non-gelled polymer within the continuous phase, creating an amorphous-like interstitial phase. As such, these materials demonstrate mechanical characteristics typical of colloidal glasses, presenting solid-like behaviors at rest with defined yielding; likely through intrinsic particle-particle and particle-polymer interactions. To date, fluid gels have been fabricated using polysaccharides with relatively complex chemistries, making further modifications challenging. SyMGels are easily functionalised, using simple click-chemistry. This chemical flexibility, allows the creation of microenvironments with discrete biological decoration. Cellular control is demonstrated using MSC (mesenchymal stem cells)/chondrocytes and enables the regulation of key biomarkers such as aggrecan and SOX9. These potential therapeutic platforms demonstrate an important advancement in the biomaterial field, underpinning the mechanisms which drive their mechanical properties, and providing a versatile delivery system for advanced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C. Foster
- Healthcare Technologies InstituteUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Piers Allen
- Healthcare Technologies InstituteUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies InstituteUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Liam M. Grover
- Healthcare Technologies InstituteUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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Becerra N, Salis B, Tedesco M, Moreno Flores S, Vena P, Raiteri R. AFM and Fluorescence Microscopy of Single Cells with Simultaneous Mechanical Stimulation via Electrically Stretchable Substrates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4131. [PMID: 34361325 PMCID: PMC8347060 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel experimental set-up that simultaneously, (i) applies static and dynamic deformations to adherent cells in culture, (ii) allows the visualization of cells under fluorescence microscopy, and (iii) allows atomic force microscopy nanoindentation measurements of the mechanical properties of the cells. The cell stretcher device relies on a dielectric elastomer film that can be electro-actuated and acts as the cell culture substrate. The shape and position of the electrodes actuating the film can be controlled by design in order to obtain specific deformations across the cell culture chamber. By using optical markers we characterized the strain fields under different electrode configurations and applied potentials. The combined setup, which includes the cell stretcher device, an atomic force microscope, and an inverted optical microscope, can assess in situ and with sub-micron spatial resolution single cell topography and elasticity, as well as ion fluxes, during the application of static deformations. Proof of performance on fibroblasts shows a reproducible increase in the average cell elastic modulus as a response to applied uniaxial stretch of just 4%. Additionally, high resolution topography and elasticity maps on a single fibroblast can be acquired while the cell is deformed, providing evidence of long-term instrumental stability. This study provides a proof-of-concept of a novel platform that allows in situ and real time investigation of single cell mechano-transduction phenomena with sub-cellular spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Becerra
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.)
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Barbara Salis
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Mariateresa Tedesco
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Pasquale Vena
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Raiteri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.B.); (B.S.); (M.T.)
- The National Research Council-Institute of Biophysics, 16149 Genova, Italy
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43
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Zhao Q, Cole T, Zhang Y, Tang SY. Mechanical Strain-Enabled Reconstitution of Dynamic Environment in Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:765. [PMID: 34203533 PMCID: PMC8304354 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) uses the microfluidic 3D cell culture principle to reproduce organ- or tissue-level functionality at a small scale instead of replicating the entire human organ. This provides an alternative to animal models for drug development and environmental toxicology screening. In addition to the biomimetic 3D microarchitecture and cell-cell interactions, it has been demonstrated that mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and mechanical strain significantly influence cell behavior and their response to pharmaceuticals. Microfluidics is capable of precisely manipulating the fluid of a microenvironment within a 3D cell culture platform. As a result, many OOC prototypes leverage microfluidic technology to reproduce the mechanically dynamic microenvironment on-chip and achieve enhanced in vitro functional organ models. Unlike shear stress that can be readily generated and precisely controlled using commercial pumping systems, dynamic systems for generating proper levels of mechanical strains are more complicated, and often require miniaturization and specialized designs. As such, this review proposes to summarize innovative microfluidic OOC platforms utilizing mechanical actuators that induce deflection of cultured cells/tissues for replicating the dynamic microenvironment of human organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianbin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Kim TJ. Mechanobiology: A New Frontier in Biology. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070570. [PMID: 34206703 PMCID: PMC8301153 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Correia Carreira S, Taghavi M, Pavez Loriè E, Rossiter J. FleXert: A Soft, Actuatable Multiwell Plate Insert for Cell Culture under Stretch. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2225-2245. [PMID: 33843187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porous multiwell plate inserts are widely used in biomedical research to study transport processes or to culture cells/tissues at the air-liquid interface. These inserts are made of rigid materials and used under static culture conditions, which are unrepresentative of biological microenvironments. Here, we present FleXert, a soft, actuatable cell culture insert that interfaces with six-well plates. It is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and comprises a porous PDMS membrane as cell/tissue support. FleXerts can be pneumatically actuated using a standard syringe pump, imparting tensile strains of up to 30%. A wide range of actuation patterns can be achieved by varying the air pressure and pumping rate. Facile surface functionalization of FleXert's porous PDMS membrane with fibronectin enables adhesion of human dermal fibroblasts and strains developing on FleXert's membrane are successfully transduced to the cell layer. 3D tissue models, such as fibroblast-laden collagen gels, can also be anchored to PDMS following polydopamine coating. Furthermore, collagen-coated FleXert membranes support the establishment of a human skin model, demonstrating the material's excellent biocompatibility required for tissue engineering. In contrast to existing technologies, FleXerts do not require costly fabrication equipment or custom-built culture chambers, making them a versatile and low-cost solution for tissue engineering and biological barrier penetration studies under physiological strain. This paper is an extensive toolkit for multidisciplinary mechanobiology studies, including detailed instructions for a wide variety of methods such as device fabrication, theoretical modeling, cell culture, and image analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Correia Carreira
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Taghavi
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, T Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Pavez Loriè
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rossiter
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, T Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Hamraoui A, Sénépart O, Schneider M, Malaquin S, Péronne E, Becerra L, Semprez F, Legay C, Belliard L. Correlative Imaging of Motoneuronal Cell Elasticity by Pump and Probe Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2021; 120:402-408. [PMID: 33421413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their role of information transmitter between the spinal cord and the muscle fibers, motor neurons are subject to physical stimulation and mechanical property modifications. We report on motoneuron elasticity investigated by time-resolved pump and probe spectroscopy. A dual picosecond geometry simultaneously probing the acoustic impedance mismatch at the cell-titanium transducer interface and acoustic wave propagation inside the motoneuron is presented. Such noncontact and nondestructive microscopy, correlated to standard atomic force microscopy or a fluorescent labels approach, has been carried out on a single cell to address some physical properties such as bulk modulus of elasticity, dynamical longitudinal viscosity, and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamraoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.
| | - Océane Sénépart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Schneider
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malaquin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Péronne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Becerra
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fannie Semprez
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Belliard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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Özkale B, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Active biomaterials for mechanobiology. Biomaterials 2021; 267:120497. [PMID: 33129187 PMCID: PMC7719094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Active biomaterials offer novel approaches to study mechanotransduction in mammalian cells. These material systems probe cellular responses by dynamically modulating their resistance to endogenous forces or applying exogenous forces on cells in a temporally controlled manner. Stimuli-responsive molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles embedded inside cytocompatible biopolymer networks transduce external signals such as light, heat, chemicals, and magnetic fields into changes in matrix elasticity (few kPa to tens of kPa) or forces (few pN to several μN) at the cell-material interface. The implementation of active biomaterials in mechanobiology has generated scientific knowledge and therapeutic potential relevant to a variety of conditions including but not limited to cancer metastasis, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration. We discuss the repertoire of cellular responses that can be studied using these platforms including receptor signaling as well as downstream events namely, cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shuttling of mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators, cell migration, and differentiation. We highlight recent advances in active biomaterials and comment on their future impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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49
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Hao Y, Cheng S, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Mechanical properties of single cells: Measurement methods and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Mirzaaghaian A, Ramiar A, Ranjbar AA, Warkiani ME. Application of level-set method in simulation of normal and cancer cells deformability within a microfluidic device. J Biomech 2020; 112:110066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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