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Hermesdorf L, Mortensen LH, Blitz SB, Jepsen MS, Westergaard-Nielsen A, Michelsen A, Blok D, Sigsgaard C, Christiansen CT, Hansen BU, Elberling B. Changes in soil and plant carbon pools after 9 years of experimental summer warming and increased snow depth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175648. [PMID: 39168340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Climate change can have positive and negative effects on the carbon pools and budgets in soil and plant fractions, but net effects are unclear and expected to vary widely within the arctic. We report responses after nine years (2012-2021) of increased snow depth (snow fences) and summer warming (open top chambers) and the combination on soil and plant carbon pools within a tundra ecosystem in West Greenland. Data included characteristics of depth-specific soil samples, including the rhizosphere soil, as well as vegetation responses of NDVI-derived traits, plant species cover and aboveground biomass, litter and roots. Furthermore, natural vegetation growth through the study period was quantified based on time-integrated NDVI Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Our results showed that summer warming resulted in a significant and positive vegetation response driven by the deciduous low shrub Betula nana (no other vascular plant species), while snow addition alone resulted in a significant negative response for Betula. A significant positive effect of summer warming was also observed for moss biomass, possibly driven increasing shade by Betula. The aboveground effects cascaded to belowground traits. The rhizosphere soil characteristics differed from those of the bulk soil regardless of treatment. Only the rhizosphere fraction showed responses to treatment, as soil organic C stock increased in near-surface and top 20 cm with summer warming. We observed no belowground effects from snow addition. The study highlights the plant species response to treatment followed by impacts on belowground C pools, mainly driven by dead fine roots via Betula nana. We conclude that the summer warming treatment and snow addition treatment separately showed opposing effects on ecosystem C pools, with lack of interactive effects between main factors in the combination treatment. Furthermore, changes in soil C are more clearly observed in the rhizosphere soil fraction, which should receive more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hermesdorf
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise H Mortensen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sophia B Blitz
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte S Jepsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Sigsgaard
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper T Christiansen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Ulf Hansen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Xin Y, Zhang D, Qi Q, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Tong S, Xing X. Disturbance alters soil organic carbon content and stability in Carex tussock wetland, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175417. [PMID: 39153622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
With the intensification of climate change and human activities, wetland ecosystem and their carbon pool function have been seriously compromised. To determine the soil organic carbon pool composition and stability response to wetland disturbance, three disturbed (grazing, mowing, invasion) and two undisturbed Carex tussock wetlands were investigated in Momoge Wetland, northeast China. The results showed that the disturbance significantly reduced the soil organic carbon content under hummock, but effectively promoted organic carbon storage in surface soil in hummock interspace. In disturbed wetlands, relative abundance of aromatic-C, asymmetric aliphatic-C, polysaccharide-C and clay minerals, and organic carbon stability significantly declined. Furthermore, asymmetric aliphatic-C and polysaccharide-C were the most important organic carbon chemical components affecting SOC stability under hummock and in hummock interspace. Disturbance facilitated the effects of pH, TP and minerals on organic carbon stability, with pH being the most important. These findings improved our understanding of the composition and stability of carbon pools in disturbed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing Qi
- Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 130100, PR China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| | - Shouzheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China.
| | - Xianglong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China; College of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, PR China
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Wang HY, Yu ZG, Zhou FW, Hernandez JC, Grandjean A, Biester H, Xiao KQ, Knorr KH. Microbial communities and functions are structured by vertical geochemical zones in a northern peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175273. [PMID: 39111416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Northern peatlands are important carbon pools; however, differences in the structure and function of microbiomes inhabiting contrasting geochemical zones within these peatlands have rarely been emphasized. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic profiling, and detailed geochemical analyses, we investigated the taxonomic composition and genetic potential across various geochemical zones of a typical northern peatland profile in the Changbai Mountains region (Northeastern China). Specifically, we focused on elucidating the turnover of organic carbon, sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), and methane (CH4). Three geochemical zones were identified and characterized according to porewater and solid-phase analyses: the redox interface (<10 cm), shallow peat (10-100 cm), and deep peat (>100 cm). The redox interface and upper shallow peat demonstrated a high availability of labile carbon, which decreased toward deeper peat. In deep peat, anaerobic respiration and methanogenesis were likely constrained by thermodynamics, rather than solely driven by available carbon, as the acetate concentrations reached 90 μmol·L-1. Both the microbial community composition and metabolic potentials were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the redox interface, shallow peat, and deep peat. The redox interface demonstrated a close interaction between N, S, and CH4 cycling, mainly driven by Thermodesulfovibrionia, Bradyrhizobium, and Syntrophorhabdia metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The archaeal Bathyarchaeia were indicated to play a significant role in the organic carbon, N, and S cycling in shallow peat. Although constrained by anaerobic respiration and methanogenesis, deep peat exhibited a higher metabolic potential for organic carbon degradation, primarily mediated by Acidobacteriota. In terms of CH4 turnover, subsurface peat (10-20 cm) was a CH4 production hotspot, with a net turnover rate of ∼2.9 nmol·cm-3·d-1, while the acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, and methylotrophic methanogenic pathways all potentially contributed to CH4 production. The results of this study improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycles and CH4 turnover along peatland profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning, Ministry of Water Resources, School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning, Ministry of Water Resources, School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Feng-Wu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julio-Castillo Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Annkathrin Grandjean
- University of Münster, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Harald Biester
- Institut für Geoökologie, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19C, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Ke-Qing Xiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- University of Münster, Institute for Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany.
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Cox T, Wieland A, Greule M, Keppler F, Einbock A, Alewell C. Isotopic analysis (δ 13C and δ 2H) of lignin methoxy groups in forest soils to identify and quantify lignin sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175025. [PMID: 39059652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The relative apportion of above and below ground carbon sources is known to be an important factor in soil organic matter formation. Although lignin is the most abundant aromatic plant material in the terrestrial biosphere, our understanding of lignin source contributions to soil organic matter (SOM) is limited due to the complex molecular structure and analysis of lignin. In this study, we novelly apply the dual isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ2H values) of lignin methoxy groups (LMeO) with the Bayesian mixing model, MixSIAR, to apportion lignin sources in two contrasting soil types, a podzol and a stagnosol. Results of the isotopic analysis of LMeO demonstrate the ability of δ2H LMeO values to discriminate between above and below ground lignin sources, while δ13C LMeO values discriminated between photosynthesising and non-photosynthesising tissues. In the stagnosol subsurface horizons, a decreasing proportion of the leaf litter lignin was observed with increasing organic matter degradation, cumulating in the Ah horizon being dominated by lignin from roots. The podzol sites indicated a similar reduction in leaf litter lignin with an increase in organic matter degradation and depth. However, the Ah horizon was shown to accumulate lignin from the above ground woody material. Furthermore, given the significant abundance of LMeO groups in the terrestrial biosphere and the extremely depleted δ13C LMeO values in leaf litter, we employed a mass balance approach to determine the extent in which the 13C bulk enrichment generally associated with isotopic fractionation during organic matter decomposition can be attributed to the shift in lignin sources. Analysis reveals that 14 % and 11 % of bulk 13C enrichment can be attributed to the transition in LMeO sources from leaf litter to roots in the stagnosol and podzol, respectively. Thus, models relying on 13C enrichment with depth as an indicator of carbon turnover may be partially overestimating rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Cox
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Wieland
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Annika Einbock
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Alewell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Zeng J, Li X, Song R, Xie H, Li X, Liu W, Liu H, Du Y, Xu M, Ren C, Yang G, Han X. Mechanisms of litter input changes on soil organic carbon dynamics: a microbial carbon use efficiency-based perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175092. [PMID: 39079645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant litter is an important source of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems, and the pattern of litter inputs is also influenced by global change and human activities. However, the current understanding of the impact of changes in litter inputs on SOC dynamics remains contentious, and the mechanisms by which changes in litter inputs affect SOC have rarely been investigated from the perspective of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE). We conducted a 1-year experiment with litter treatments (no aboveground litter (NL), natural aboveground litter (CK), and double aboveground litter (DL)) in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation forest on the Loess Plateau. The objective was to assess how changes in litter input affect SOC accumulation in forest soils from the perspective of microbial CUE. Results showed that NL increased soil microbial C limitation by 77.11 % (0-10 cm) compared to CK, while it had a negligible effect on nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. In contrast, DL had no significant effect on soil microbial nutrient limitation. Furthermore, NL was found to significantly increase microbial CUE and decrease microbial metabolic quotient (QCO2), while the opposite was observed with DL. It is noteworthy that NL significantly contributed to an increase in SOC of 30.72 %, while DL had no significant effect on SOC. Correlation analysis showed that CUE was directly proportional to SOC and inversely proportional to QCO2. The partial least squares pathway model indicated that NL indirectly regulated the accumulation of SOC, mainly through two pathways: promoting microbial CUE increase and reducing QCO2. Overall, this study elucidates the mechanism and novel insights regarding SOC accumulation under changes in litter input from the perspective of microbial CUE. These findings are critical for further comprehension of soil carbon dynamics and the terrestrial C-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rui Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haoxuan Xie
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weichao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Miaoping Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chengjie Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinhui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Wang X, Deng W, Hu H, Jia X, Chen J, Fang P, Cheng C, Zhang S, Jiang X, Ding D, Ma B. Seasonal variations in soil microbial community co-occurrence network complexity respond differently to field-simulated warming experiments in a northern subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174692. [PMID: 39002597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Global warming may reshape seasonal changes in microbial community diversity and co-occurrence network patterns, with significant implications for terrestrial ecosystem function. We conducted a 2-year in situ field simulation of the effects of warming on the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial communities in a northern subtropical Quercus acutissima forest. Our study revealed that warming had no significant effect on the richness or diversity of soil bacteria or fungi in the growing season, whereas different warming gradients had different effects on their diversity in the nongrowing season. Warming also changed the microbial community structure, increasing the abundance of some thermophilic microbial species and decreasing the abundance of some symbiotrophic microorganisms. The co-occurrence network analysis of the microbial community showed that warming decreased the complexity of the intradomain network in the soil bacterial community in the growing and nongrowing seasons but increased it in the fungal community. Moreover, increasing warming temperatures increased the complexity of the interdomain network between bacteria and fungi in the growing season but decreased it in the nongrowing season, and the keystone species in the interdomain network changed with warming. Warming also reduced the proportion of positive microbial community interactions, indicating that warming reduced the mutualism, commensalism, and neutralism of microorganisms as they adapted to soil environmental stress. The factors affecting the fungal community varied considerably across warming gradients, with the bacterial community being significantly affected by soil temperature, MBC, NO3--N and NH4+-N, moreover, SOC and TN significantly affected fungal communities in the 4 °C warming treatment. These results suggest that warming increases seasonal differences in the diversity and complexity of soil microbial communities in the northern subtropical region, significantly influencing soil dynamic processes regulating forest ecosystems under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xichuan Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pei Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuyi Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dongxia Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Geological Environment Exploration Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211102, China
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Yang S, Zhao X, Sun Z, Wang L, Tian P, Wang Q. Carbon and nitrogen addition-derived enzyme activities in topsoil but nitrogen availability in subsoil controls the response of soil organic carbon decomposition to warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175261. [PMID: 39098421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Subsoil stores the majority of soil organic carbon (SOC), and plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and in regulating climate change. Response of SOC decomposition to temperature warming (TR) is a crucial parameter to predict SOC dynamics under global warming. However, it remains unknown how TR varies across the whole soil profile and responds to exogenous C and N inputs. To assess this, we designed a novel incubation system to measure SOC-derived CO2 efflux across the whole soil column (i.e., 60 cm length), allowing manual addition of 13C-labeled glucose and ammonium nitrate, and incubated it under ambient or warmed temperatures (+4 °C). We found that C addition significantly increased TR in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm by 64.3 %, 68.1 % and 57.2 %, respectively. However, the combined addition of C and N decreased TR by 11.1 % - 15.3 % compared to without anything addition (CK) in the whole soil profile. The effect of N on TR ranged from -22.8 % to -40.4 % in the whole soil profile, and was significantly lower in topsoil than in subsoil. Furthermore, sole N addition significantly promoted TR compared to CK by 79.0 % and 94.7 % in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm subsoil, only 9.8 % in 0-20 cm topsoil. These results together suggested that TR is sensitive to increasing C availability in the whole soil profile and increasing N availability in 20-60 cm subsoil. Random forest model indicated that soil enzyme activities (explained 21.3 % of the variance) and DOC (explained 11.1 % of the variance) dominantly governed TR in topsoil, but N availability displayed a predominant control of TR in subsoil. Overall, our results suggested that increased C and N availability under climate warming scenarios could further increase the risk of carbon loss especially in subsoil with substrate deficiency, but labile C (e.g., root exudation) input under climate warming and N enrichment could reduce SOC decomposition and benefit for C sequestration by decreasing TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuechao Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China.
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8
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Niu W, Ding J, Fu B, Zhao W, Han Y, Zhou A, Liu Y, Eldridge D. Ecosystem multifunctionality is more related to the indirect effects than to the direct effects of human management in China's drylands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122259. [PMID: 39180826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Drylands provide a wide range of important ecosystem functions but are sensitive to environmental changes, especially human management. Two major land use types of drylands are grasslands and croplands, which are influenced by intensive grazing activities and agricultural management, respectively. However, little is known about whether the ecosystem functioning of these two land use types is predominated affected by human management, or environmental factors (intrinsic environmental factors and factors modified by human management). This limits our understanding of the ecosystem functions under intensive human management in drylands. Here we reported a study where we collected data from 40 grassland and 30 cropland sites along an extensive aridity gradient in China's drylands to quantify the effects of human management intensity, intrinsic environmental factors (i.e., aridity), and environmental factors modified by human management (i.e., soil bulk density and plant density) on specific ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality, productivity, carbon storage, soil water, and soil nutrients). We found that the relative importance of each function differed between croplands and grasslands. Ecosystem functions varied with human management intensity, with lower productivity and plant carbon storage in grasslands under high grazing intensity than un-grazed, while multifunctionality and carbon storage increased with greater fertilization only in arid croplands. Furthermore, among environmental factors, soil bulk density had the greatest negative effects, which directly reduced multifunctionality in grasslands and indirectly reduced multifunctionality in croplands via suppressing crop density. Crop density was the major environmental factor that positively related to multifunctionality in croplands. However, these effects would be exacerbated with increasing aridity. Our study demonstrated that compared with the direct impacts of human management, environmental factors modified by human management (e.g., soil bulk density) are the major drivers of ecosystem functions, indicating that improving soil structure by alleviating human interferences (e.g., reducing livestock trampling) would be an effective way to restore ecosystem functions in drylands under global warming and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - David Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2125, Australia
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9
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Li S, Jiang Y, Lyu M, Deng C, Deng W, Wang M, Liu J, Lu Y, Xie J. High-quality litter exerts a greater effect on soil carbon gain in unrestored than restored pine plantations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175975. [PMID: 39222804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration of degraded land affects litter quality by changing the composition of tree species, providing direct effects on regulating the dynamic of soil organic C (SOC) through the priming effect (PE). However, it is unclear how the combined effects caused by vegetation restoration and input of different quality litters on PE-related C loss and gain. Here, we collected soils from an unrestored site and a site restored for 20 years, adding 13C-labeled low-quality (with high C/nitrogen [N] and lignin/N) and high-quality (with low C/N and lignin/N) litters to the soil, respectively. Our results revealed that adding high- and low-quality litter in two sites produced positive PEs after 150-day laboratory-based incubation. The PE induced by high-quality litter was lower than that of low-quality in two sites, which can be interpreted as low-quality litter has higher C/N that aggravates the nutrient imbalance of microorganisms and enhances their demand for N, prompting microorganisms to accelerate the mineralization of SOC through the "N mining". High-quality litter inputs can boost microbial C use efficiency and alleviate soil C loss due to PE in unrestored and restored pine forests. Moreover, high-quality litter input has a greater positive effect on SOC gain in unrestored lands than in restored lands, suggesting that litter with higher nutrient availability or fertilization is especially needed for the restoration of degraded soil fertility and C formation. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of tree species producing high-quality litter in mediating SOC decomposition and formation during degraded lands restoration, which is beneficial for the restoration of degraded lands and the enhancement of soil C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maokui Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming, China; Forest Carbon Metering Technology Development and Application Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Cui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jueling Liu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuming Lu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Xie
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming, China; Forest Carbon Metering Technology Development and Application Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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McFarlane KJ, Cusack DF, Dietterich LH, Hedgpeth AL, Finstad KM, Nottingham AT. Experimental warming and drying increase older carbon contributions to soil respiration in lowland tropical forests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7084. [PMID: 39154003 PMCID: PMC11330460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests account for over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems. We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing degradation of older carbon. In situ whole-profile heating by 4 °C and 50% throughfall exclusion each increased the average radiocarbon age of soil CO2 efflux by ~2-3 years, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed. Warming accelerated decomposition of older carbon as increased CO2 emissions depleted newer carbon. Drying suppressed decomposition of newer carbon inputs and decreased soil CO2 emissions, thereby increasing contributions of older carbon to CO2 efflux. These findings imply that both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon or reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon inputs, will exacerbate soil carbon losses and negatively impact carbon storage in tropical forests under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis J McFarlane
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela F Cusack
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Lee H Dietterich
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Alexandra L Hedgpeth
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kari M Finstad
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Andrew T Nottingham
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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Cui Y, Hu J, Peng S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Moorhead DL, Sinsabaugh RL, Xu X, Geyer KM, Fang L, Smith P, Peñuelas J, Kuzyakov Y, Chen J. Limiting Resources Define the Global Pattern of Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308176. [PMID: 39024521 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) delineates the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolism and ultimately influences the amount of C sequestered in soils. However, the key factors controlling CUE remain enigmatic, leading to considerable uncertainty in understanding soil C retention and predicting its responses to global change factors. Here, we investigate the global patterns of CUE estimate by stoichiometric modeling in surface soils of natural ecosystems, and examine its associations with temperature, precipitation, plant-derived C and soil nutrient availability. We found that CUE is determined by the most limiting resource among these four basic environmental resources within specific climate zones (i.e., tropical, temperate, arid, and cold zones). Higher CUE is common in arid and cold zones and corresponds to limitations in temperature, water, and plant-derived C input, while lower CUE is observed in tropical and temperate zones with widespread limitation of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen or phosphorus) in soil. The contrasting resource limitations among climate zones led to an apparent increase in CUE with increasing latitude. The resource-specific dependence of CUE implies that soils in high latitudes with arid and cold environments may retain less organic C in the future, as warming and increased precipitation can reduce CUE. In contrast, oligotrophic soils in low latitudes may increase organic C retention, as CUE could be increased with concurrent anthropogenic nutrient inputs. The findings underscore the importance of resource limitations for CUE and suggest asymmetric responses of organic C retention in soils across latitudes to global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Cui
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junxi Hu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kevin M Geyer
- Department of Biology, Young Harris College, Young Harris, GA, 30582, USA
| | - Linchuan Fang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
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12
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Tan T, Genova G, Heuvelink GBM, Lehmann J, Poggio L, Woolf D, You F. Importance of Terrain and Climate for Predicting Soil Organic Carbon Is Highly Variable across Local to Continental Scales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11492-11503. [PMID: 38904357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in global carbon cycling and sequestration, underpinning the need for a comprehensive understanding of its distribution and controls. This study explores the importance of various covariates on SOC spatial distribution at both local (up to 1.25 km) and continental (USA) scales using a deep learning approach. Our findings highlight the significant role of terrain attributes in predicting SOC concentration distribution with terrain, contributing approximately one-third of the overall prediction at the local scale. At the continental scale, climate is only 1.2 times more important than terrain in predicting SOC distribution, whereas at the local scale, the structural pattern of terrain is 14 and 2 times more important than climate and vegetation, respectively. We underscore that terrain attributes, while being integral to the SOC distribution at all scales, are stronger predictors at the local scale with explicit spatial arrangement information. While this observational study does not assess causal mechanisms, our analysis nonetheless presents a nuanced perspective about SOC spatial distribution, which suggests disparate predictors of SOC at local and continental scales. The insights gained from this study have implications for improved SOC mapping, decision support tools, and land management strategies, aiding in the development of effective carbon sequestration initiatives and enhancing climate mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Tan
- Systems Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Giulio Genova
- ISRIC─World Soil Information, Wageningen 6700 AJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Lehmann
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Laura Poggio
- ISRIC─World Soil Information, Wageningen 6700 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Woolf
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Digital Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Fengqi You
- Systems Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Digital Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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13
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Yan S, Xu S, Lei S, Gao Y, Chen K, Shi X, Guo Y, Bilyera N, Yuan M, Yao H. Hyperaccumulator extracts promoting the phytoremediation of rare earth elements (REEs) by Phytolacca americana: Role of active microbial community in rhizosphere hotspots. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118939. [PMID: 38621629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The increased usage of rare earth elements (REEs) leads to the extensive exploitation of rare earth mines, and the REEs pollution in soil caused by the legacy mine tailings has brought great harm to environment and human health. Although Phytolacca americana can remove REEs from contaminated soil to some extent, there is still an urgent problem to improve its efficiency. Hyperaccumulator extract is a new organic material with potential in metal phytoextraction, but its role in REEs phytoremediation and the related underlying processes remain unclear. In this study, hyperaccumulator extracts from P. americana root (PR), stem (PS), leaf (PL) and EDTA were used to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of REEs with P. americana. Soil zymography was applied to assess the enzyme hotspots' spatial distribution in the rhizosphere, and the hotspots' microbial communities were also identified. The results indicated that the application of hyperaccumulator extracts improved the biomass and REEs uptake of P. americana, and the highest REEs content in plant was observed in the treatment of PS, which increased 299% compared to that of the control. Hotspots area of β-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase were concentrated in the pant rhizosphere along the roots and increased 2.2, 5.3 and 2.2 times after PS application compared to unamended soils. The PS application increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes phyla in rhizosphere. Soil fungi have a higher contribution on promoting REEs activation than that of bacteria. Available P and extractable REEs were leading predictors for the plant biomass and REEs concentrations. The co-occurrence network showed that the application of PS creates a more efficient and stable microbial network compared to other treatments. In conclusion, stem-derived hyperaccumulator extract is excellent in stimulating REEs phytoremediation with P. americana by improving hotspots microbial activities and form a healthy rhizosphere microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Shengwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Shihan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Keyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Nataliya Bilyera
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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14
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Chen Y, Qin W, Zhang Q, Wang X, Feng J, Han M, Hou Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, He JS, Torn MS, Zhu B. Whole-soil warming leads to substantial soil carbon emission in an alpine grassland. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4489. [PMID: 38802385 PMCID: PMC11130387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in seasonally frozen soils, such as alpine ecosystems, to climate warming is a major uncertainty in global carbon cycling. Here we measure soil CO2 emission during four years (2018-2021) from the whole-soil warming experiment (4 °C for the top 1 m) in an alpine grassland ecosystem. We find that whole-soil warming stimulates total and SOC-derived CO2 efflux by 26% and 37%, respectively, but has a minor effect on root-derived CO2 efflux. Moreover, experimental warming only promotes total soil CO2 efflux by 7-8% on average in the meta-analysis across all grasslands or alpine grasslands globally (none of these experiments were whole-soil warming). We show that whole-soil warming has a much stronger effect on soil carbon emission in the alpine grassland ecosystem than what was reported in previous warming experiments, most of which only heat surface soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenkuan Qin
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengguang Han
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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15
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Chang F, Zhang H, Zhao N, Zhao P, Song J, Yu R, Kan Z, Wang X, Wang J, Liu H, Han D, Wen X, Li Y. Green manure removal with reduced nitrogen improves saline-alkali soil organic carbon storage in a wheat-green manure cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171827. [PMID: 38513860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of green manure into cropping systems is a potential strategy for sequestering soil carbon (C), especially in saline-alkali soil. Yet, there are still unknown about the substitution impacts of green manure on nitrogen (N) fertilizer in wheat-green manure multiple cropping system. Herein, a five-year field experiment was performed to determine the impact of three levels of N fertilizer inputs [i.e., N fertilizer reduced by 0 % (100N), 10 % (90 N), and 20 % (80 N)] with aboveground biomass of green manure removal (0GM) and return (100GM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and its primary determinants. The results demonstrated that no significant interaction on SOC storage was detected between green manure and N fertilizer management. 80 N enhanced SOC storage in bulk soil by 7.4 and 13.2 % in 0-20 cm soil depth relative to 100 N and 90 N (p < 0.05). Regardless of N fertilizer levels, compared with 100GM, 0GM increased SOC storage in bulk soil by 14.2-34.6 % in 0-40 cm soil depth (p < 0.05). This was explained by an increase in soil macro-aggregates (>2 and 0.25-2 mm) proportion contributing to SOC physical protection. Meanwhile, the improvement of SOC storage under 0GM was due to the decrease of soil C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities, and microbial resource limitation. Alternatively, the variation partitioning analyses (VPA) results further suggested that C- and N-acquisition enzyme activities, as well as microbial resource limitation were the most important factors for SOC storage. The findings highlighted those biological factors played a dominant role in SOC accumulation compared to physical factors. The aboveground biomass of green manure removal with N fertilizer reduced by 20 % is a viable option to enhance SOC storage in a wheat-green manure multiple cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdi Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, PR China
| | - Jiashen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Kan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hanjiang Liu
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Dongxun Han
- Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Linhe 015000, PR China
| | - Xinya Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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16
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Jiang L, Lv J, Jones KC, Yu S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Wu J, Luo L, Shi J, Li Y, Yang R, Fu J, Bu D, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Soil's Hidden Power: The Stable Soil Organic Carbon Pool Controls the Burden of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Background Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8490-8500. [PMID: 38696308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) tend to accumulate in cold regions by cold condensation and global distillation. Soil organic matter is the main storage compartment for POPs in terrestrial ecosystems due to deposition and repeated air-surface exchange processes. Here, physicochemical properties and environmental factors were investigated for their role in influencing POPs accumulation in soils of the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctic and Arctic regions. The results showed that the soil burden of most POPs was closely coupled to stable mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Combining the proportion of MAOC and physicochemical properties can explain much of the soil distribution characteristics of the POPs. The background levels of POPs were estimated in conjunction with the global soil database. It led to the proposition that the stable soil carbon pools are key controlling factors affecting the ultimate global distribution of POPs, so that the dynamic cycling of soil carbon acts to counteract the cold-trapping effects. In the future, soil carbon pool composition should be fully considered in a multimedia environmental model of POPs, and the risk of secondary release of POPs in soils under conditions such as climate change can be further assessed with soil organic carbon models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lun Luo
- South-East Tibetan plateau Station for integrated observation and research of alpine environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yingming Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Duo Bu
- College of Science, Tibet University, Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310000, China
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17
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Tao F, Houlton BZ, Huang Y, Wang YP, Manzoni S, Ahrens B, Mishra U, Jiang L, Huang X, Luo Y. Convergence in simulating global soil organic carbon by structurally different models after data assimilation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17297. [PMID: 38738805 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Current biogeochemical models produce carbon-climate feedback projections with large uncertainties, often attributed to their structural differences when simulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics worldwide. However, choices of model parameter values that quantify the strength and represent properties of different soil carbon cycle processes could also contribute to model simulation uncertainties. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of using common observational data in reducing model uncertainty in estimates of global SOC storage. Two structurally different models featuring distinctive carbon pools, decomposition kinetics, and carbon transfer pathways simulate opposite global SOC distributions with their customary parameter values yet converge to similar results after being informed by the same global SOC database using a data assimilation approach. The converged spatial SOC simulations result from similar simulations in key model components such as carbon transfer efficiency, baseline decomposition rate, and environmental effects on carbon fluxes by these two models after data assimilation. Moreover, data assimilation results suggest equally effective simulations of SOC using models following either first-order or Michaelis-Menten kinetics at the global scale. Nevertheless, a wider range of data with high-quality control and assurance are needed to further constrain SOC dynamics simulations and reduce unconstrained parameters. New sets of data, such as microbial genomics-function relationships, may also suggest novel structures to account for in future model development. Overall, our results highlight the importance of observational data in informing model development and constraining model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology and Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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18
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Zhu X, Shen Y, Yuan X, Yuan C, Jin L, Zhao Z, Chen F, Yang B, Jiang X, Liu W. High levels of soil calcium and clay facilitate the recovery and stability of organic carbon: Insights from different land uses in the karst of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34234-34248. [PMID: 38698093 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial medium of the global carbon cycle and is profoundly affected by multiple factors, such as climate and management practices. However, interactions between different SOC fractions and land-use change have remained largely unexplored in karst ecosystems with widespread rock outcrops. Owing to the inherent heterogeneity and divergent response of SOC to land-use change, soil samples with close depth were collected from four typical land-use types (cropland, grassland, shrubland, and forestland) in the karst rocky desertification area of China. The aim of this study was to explore the responses of SOC dynamics to land-use types and underlying mechanism. The results showed that land-use type significantly affected SOC contents and its fractions. Compared with cropland, the other three land uses increased the total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and non-labile organic carbon (NLOC) contents by 6.11-129.44%, 32.58-173.73%, and 90.98-347.00%, respectively; this demonstrated that a decrease in both labile and recalcitrant carbon resulted in SOC depletion under agricultural land use. Readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC) ranged from 42 to 69%, accounting for almost half of the TOC in the 0-40-cm soil layer. Cropland soil showed significantly higher ROC:TOC ratios than other land-use types. These results indicated that long-term vegetation restoration decreased SOC activity and improved SOC stability. Greater levels of soil exchangeable calcium (ECa) and clay contents were likely responsible for higher stabilization and then accumulation of SOC after vegetation restoration. The carbon pool index (CPI) rather than the carbon pool management index (CPMI) exhibited consistent variation trend with soil TOC contents among land-use types. Thus, further study is needed to validate the CPMI in evaluating land use effects on soil quality in karst ecosystems. Our findings suggest that land-use patterns characterized by grass or forest could be an effective approach for SOC-sequestration potential and ensure the sustainable use of soil resources in the karst area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Youxin Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liya Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
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19
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Berrigan EM, Wang L, Carrillo H, Echegoyen K, Kappes M, Torres J, Ai-Perreira A, McCoy E, Shane E, Copeland CD, Ragel L, Georgousakis C, Lee S, Reynolds D, Talgo A, Gonzalez J, Zhang L, Rajurkar AB, Ruiz M, Daniels E, Maree L, Pariyar S, Busch W, Pereira TD. Fast and Efficient Root Phenotyping via Pose Estimation. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0175. [PMID: 38629082 PMCID: PMC11020144 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Image segmentation is commonly used to estimate the location and shape of plants and their external structures. Segmentation masks are then used to localize landmarks of interest and compute other geometric features that correspond to the plant's phenotype. Despite its prevalence, segmentation-based approaches are laborious (requiring extensive annotation to train) and error-prone (derived geometric features are sensitive to instance mask integrity). Here, we present a segmentation-free approach that leverages deep learning-based landmark detection and grouping, also known as pose estimation. We use a tool originally developed for animal motion capture called SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses) to automate the detection of distinct morphological landmarks on plant roots. Using a gel cylinder imaging system across multiple species, we show that our approach can reliably and efficiently recover root system topology at high accuracy, few annotated samples, and faster speed than segmentation-based approaches. In order to make use of this landmark-based representation for root phenotyping, we developed a Python library (sleap-roots) for trait extraction directly comparable to existing segmentation-based analysis software. We show that pose-derived root traits are highly accurate and can be used for common downstream tasks including genotype classification and unsupervised trait mapping. Altogether, this work establishes the validity and advantages of pose estimation-based plant phenotyping. To facilitate adoption of this easy-to-use tool and to encourage further development, we make sleap-roots, all training data, models, and trait extraction code available at: https://github.com/talmolab/sleap-roots and https://osf.io/k7j9g/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Busch
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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20
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Li J, Liu Y, Cui X, Liu R, Du Z, Chai H, He Y, Chen H, Wu H, Zhou X. Mycorrhizal mediation of soil carbon in permafrost regions depends on soil nutrient stoichiometry and physical protection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170907. [PMID: 38350579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal associations are considered as one of the key drivers for soil carbon (C) accumulation and stability. However, how mycorrhizal associations influence soil organic C (SOC) and its fractions (i.e., particulate organic C [POC] and mineral-associated organic C [MAOC]) remain unclear. In this study, we examined effects of plant mycorrhizal associations with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhiza (ECM), and their mixture (Mixed) on SOC and its fractions as well as soil stoichiometric ratios across 800-km transect in permafrost regions. Our results showed that soil with only ECM-associated trees had significantly higher SOC and POC compared to only AM-associated tree species, while soil in Mixed plots with both AM- and ECM- associated trees tend to be somewhat in the middle. Using structural equation models, we found that mycorrhizal association significantly influenced SOC and its fraction (i.e., POC, MAOC) indirectly through soil stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, and N:P). These results suggest that selecting ECM tree species, characterized by a "slow cycling" nutrient uptake strategy, can effectively enhance accumulation of SOC and its fractions in permafrost forest ecosystems. Our findings provide novel insights for quantitatively assessing the influence of mycorrhiza-associated tree species on the management of soil C pool and biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Han Wu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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21
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Li MY, Wang W, Ma Y, Chen Y, Tao HY, Zhao ZY, Wang PY, Zhu L, Ma B, Xiao YL, Li SS, Ashraf M, Wang WY, Xiong XB, Zhu Y, Zhang JL, Irum M, Song YJ, Kavagi L, Xiong YC. Plastic footprint deteriorates dryland carbon footprint across soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108632. [PMID: 38583296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Plastic fragments are widely found in the soil profile of terrestrial ecosystems, forming plastic footprint and posing increasing threat to soil functionality and carbon (C) footprint. It is unclear how plastic footprint affects C cycling, and in particularly permanent C sequestration. Integrated field observations (including 13C labelling) were made using polyethylene and polylactic acid plastic fragments (low-, medium- and high-concentrations as intensifying footprint) landfilling in soil, to track C flow along soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). The result indicated that increased plastic fragments substantially reduced photosynthetic C assimilation (p < 0.05), regardless of fragment degradability. Besides reducing C sink strength, relative intensity of C emission increased significantly, displaying elevated C source. Moreover, root C fixation declined significantly from 21.95 to 19.2 mg m-2, and simultaneously root length density, root weight density, specific root length and root diameter and surface area were clearly reduced. Similar trends were observed in the two types of plastic fragments (p > 0.05). Particularly, soil aggregate stability was significantly lowered as affected by plastic fragments, which accelerated the decomposition rate of newly sequestered C (p < 0.05). More importantly, net C rhizodeposition declined averagely from 39.77 to 29.41 mg m-2, which directly led to significant decline of permanent C sequestration in soil. Therefore, increasing plastic footprint considerably worsened C footprint regardless of polythene and biodegradable fragments. The findings unveiled the serious effects of plastic residues on permanent C sequestration across SPAC, implying that current C assessment methods clearly overlook plastic footprint and their global impact effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6001, WA, Australia
| | - Hong-Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ze-Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Baoluo Ma
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Yun-Li Xiao
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Shi-Sheng Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Momena Irum
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya-Jie Song
- Global Institute of Eco-environment for Sustainable Development (GIESD), 40 Pleasant Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Levis Kavagi
- Division of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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22
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Zhang S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Du F, Zhu B. Soil organic carbon fractions in China: Spatial distribution, drivers, and future changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170890. [PMID: 38346657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil is the world's largest terrestrial carbon pool and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, which may be greatly affected by global change. Recently, research frameworks have indicated that division of soil organic carbon (SOC) into two forms particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) can help us better understand SOC cycle. However, there is a lack of the use of meta-analysis combined with machine learning models to explore the spatial distribution of SOC fractions at large scales. Based on 356 studies conducted in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, we performed a meta-analysis of extracted data and measured data combined with machine learning models to reveal the spatial distribution of soil POC density (POCD) and MAOC density (MAOCD) and the main drivers of variations in POCD and MAOCD. Our study demonstrated that POCD and MAOCD in China's soil were 3.24 and 2.61 kg m-2, with stocks of 31.10 and 25.06 Pg, respectively. Climate, soil, and vegetation properties together explained 44.9 % and 27.2 % of the variation in POCD and MAOCD, respectively. Climate was more important than other variables in controlling the changes in POCD, with mean annual temperature being specifically the main driver. Soil, however, was more important than other variables in controlling changes in MAOCD, with soil clay content being the main driver. Compared to the other climate scenarios, the rate of change in POCD and MAOCD was higher with a 1.5 °C increase in temperature. In the future, we should pay more attention to the impact of climate change on POCD, which provides a theoretical basis for achieving the "dual-carbon" target. Our study contributes to the understanding of the potential mechanisms of the changes in SOC fractions under global change and provides useful information for future prediction models to simulate the impacts of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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23
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Dong Y, Wu N, Li F, Wei F, Lu H. Carbon storage in mollusk shells: An overlooked yet significant carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170050. [PMID: 38218488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Mollusks, the second largest animal family, are found in a variety of ecosystems. As they grow, their shells absorb carbon and form calcium carbonate, making them an important storage place for carbon. However, the amount of carbon deposited in the carbonate shells of terrestrial mollusks throughout modern and geological history has not been quantified. In this study, we first conducted an investigation of carbon deposits in shells from various mollusk species at 470 modern surface soil sample sites across diverse terrestrial ecosystems in China. The deciduous broadleaf forest and shrublands exhibited a higher carbon deposition rate of ∼1.37 ± 2.15 and ∼1.56 ± 2.92 g C m-2/yr-1, while croplands and grasslands displayed a rate of ∼1.11 ± 1.95 and 1.07 ± 1.78 g C m-2/yr-1, respectively. Using geostatistical methods, we estimated the total shell carbon deposition of grassland, forest, shrublands, and croplands in China to be ∼3.39-5.45 × 106 t C yr-1, constituting ∼1.68-2.71 % of China's terrestrial carbon sink, an overlooked portion in previous studies. Additionally, we provided quantitative data on shell carbon fluxes spanning a remarkable 20,000-year period through over ten fossil sequences from loess deposits. The results underscore the continuous and abundant carbon deposition in mollusk shells across various locations for at least 20,000 years, highlighting the persistence and substantial accumulation of shell carbon deposits over time. Remarkably, we estimated that the total shell carbon deposition of loess sediments in China and the world over the past 20,000 years may reach 1.10 × 108 t C and 1.29 × 109 t C, roughly equivalent to an afforestation area of 2.32 × 106 km2 and 2.72 × 107 km2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Naiqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Fengjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fukang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Zhou L, Liu Y, Men M, Peng Z, Peng Y. Widespread cooling of topsoil under nitrogen enrichment and implication for soil carbon flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169480. [PMID: 38123100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing reactive nitrogen (N) to terrestrial ecosystems is considered to enhance ecosystem carbon sink, which plays a critical role in ameliorating global warming. Besides this indirect buffering of temperature rise, the N-induced enhancement of vegetation growth may exert a biophysical cooling effect on soils. However, the magnitude and drivers of this cooling effect have rarely been evaluated. Here, using a global meta-analysis with 321 paired measurements, we demonstrated a widespread topsoil cooling (-0.30 °C in average) under anthropogenic N enrichment, which was primarily associated with the increase in aboveground biomass. This biophysical cooling could also buffer topsoil temperature rise by an average of 0.39 °C under experimental warming. Further, the reduced soil temperature was found to contribute to a reduction of soil respiration rate as temperature declines gradually. Overall, our results underpin a previously overlooked function of global N enrichment-the lowering of topsoil temperature, which suggests that the warming of topsoil may not be as fast as previously predicted under future global change scenarios. This biophysical cooling effect will also slow down soil carbon emissions and further mitigate climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; College of Geography and Tourism, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingxin Men
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhengping Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
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25
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Delandmeter M, de Faccio Carvalho PC, Bremm C, Dos Santos Cargnelutti C, Bindelle J, Dumont B. Integrated crop and livestock systems increase both climate change adaptation and mitigation capacities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169061. [PMID: 38061655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are proposed as key solutions to the various challenges posed to present-day agriculture which must guarantee high and stable yields while minimizing its impacts on the environment. Yet the complex relationships between crops, grasslands and animals on which they rely demand careful and precise management. In this study, from a 18-year ICLS field experiment in Brazil, that consists in annual no-till soybean-pastures grazed by beef cattle, we investigated the impacts of contrasted pastures grazing intensities (defined by sward heights of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, plus an ungrazed treatment) on the agroecosystem productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) under both historical and future (2040-2070, RCP8.5) climatic conditions. We used an innovative methodology to model the ICLS with the STICS soil-crop model, which was validated with field observations. Results showed that the total system production increased along with grazing intensity because of higher stocking rates and subsequent live weight gains. Moderate and light grazing intensities (30 and 40 cm sward heights) resulted in the largest increase in SOC over the 18-year period, with all ICLS treatments leading to greater SOC contents than the ungrazed treatment. When facing climate change under future conditions, all treatments increased in productivity due to the CO2 fertilization effect and the increases in organic amendments that result from the larger stocking rate allowed by the increased pasture carrying capacity. Moderate grazing resulted in the most significant enhancements in productivity and SOC levels. These improvements were accompanied by increased resistance to both moderate and extreme climatic events, benefiting herbage production and live weight gain. Globally, our results show that adding a trophic level (i.e. herbivores) into cropping systems, provided that their carrying capacities are respected, proved to increase their ability to withstand climate change and to contribute to its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Delandmeter
- Liege University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Plant Sciences/Crop Science, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Animal Science Research Program, Bento Gonçalves Avenue 7712, 91540-00 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bremm
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Animal Science Research Program, Bento Gonçalves Avenue 7712, 91540-00 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Cargnelutti
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Animal Science Research Program, Bento Gonçalves Avenue 7712, 91540-00 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Liege University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Animal Sciences, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Dumont
- Liege University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Plant Sciences/Crop Science, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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26
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Tao X, Yang Z, Feng J, Jian S, Yang Y, Bates CT, Wang G, Guo X, Ning D, Kempher ML, Liu XJA, Ouyang Y, Han S, Wu L, Zeng Y, Kuang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Shi Z, Qin W, Wang J, Firestone MK, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Experimental warming accelerates positive soil priming in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1178. [PMID: 38331994 PMCID: PMC10853207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Unravelling biosphere feedback mechanisms is crucial for predicting the impacts of global warming. Soil priming, an effect of fresh plant-derived carbon (C) on native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, is a key feedback mechanism that could release large amounts of soil C into the atmosphere. However, the impacts of climate warming on soil priming remain elusive. Here, we show that experimental warming accelerates soil priming by 12.7% in a temperate grassland. Warming alters bacterial communities, with 38% of unique active phylotypes detected under warming. The functional genes essential for soil C decomposition are also stimulated, which could be linked to priming effects. We incorporate lab-derived information into an ecosystem model showing that model parameter uncertainty can be reduced by 32-37%. Model simulations from 2010 to 2016 indicate an increase in soil C decomposition under warming, with a 9.1% rise in priming-induced CO2 emissions. If our findings can be generalized to other ecosystems over an extended period of time, soil priming could play an important role in terrestrial C cycle feedbacks and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Siyang Jian
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Colin T Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xiao Jun A Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shun Han
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yufei Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Kuang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Mary K Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, CA, 94720, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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27
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Hao M, Wang G, Yu Q, He Y, Zhang Z, Dun X, Gao P. The soil microbial necromass carbon and the carbon pool stability drive a stronge priming effect following vegetation restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119859. [PMID: 38128213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The priming effect stands as a critical factor influencing the balance of soil organic carbon (SOC). Following vegetation restoration, the carbon (C) pool stability in Platycladus orientalis forests (PO) varies, and the priming effect resulting from exogenous C addition also differs significantly. Here, we selected PO with restoration ages of 10, 15, and 30 years in the rocky mountainous area in northern China and conducted measurements of soil properties, microbial communities, microbial necromass C (MNC), SOC fractions, and the priming effect characteristics to explore the main influencing factors of the priming effect, especially the microbiological mechanisms. Our results showed that the ratio of mineral-associated organic C to particulate organic C increased. The characteristics of the priming effect showed the same pattern, and there was a significant positive correlation between the C pool stability and the priming effect. The diversity of the fungal communities increased with increasing vegetation restoration age, and the content and proportion of fungal necromass C (FNC) also increased synchronously, reaching the maximum value in the soil of PO that had been restored for 30 years. In addition, the soil water content and total nitrogen indirectly affected the priming effect by influencing the microbial communities. In summary, the results suggested that vegetation restoration can enhance the C pool stability by promoting an increase in soil FNC, thereby producing a positive priming effect. This can help deepen our understanding of the SOC mineralization changes induced by fresh C input following vegetation restoration and provides a theoretical basis for better explaining the C cycle between soil and atmosphere under the vegetation restoration models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuan He
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xingjian Dun
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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28
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Guo H, Du E, Terrer C, Jackson RB. Global distribution of surface soil organic carbon in urban greenspaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:806. [PMID: 38280879 PMCID: PMC11258340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban greenspaces continue to grow with global urbanization. The global distribution and stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) in urban greenspaces remain largely undescribed and missing in global carbon (C) budgets. Here, we synthesize data of 420 observations from 257 cities in 52 countries to evaluate the global pattern of surface SOC density (0-20 cm depth) in urban greenspaces. Surface SOC density in urban greenspaces increases significantly at higher latitudes and decreases significantly with higher mean annual temperature, stronger temperature and precipitation seasonality, as well as lower urban greenness index. By mapping surface SOC density using a random forest model, we estimate an average SOC density of 55.2 (51.9-58.6) Mg C ha-1 and a SOC stock of 1.46 (1.37-1.54) Pg C in global urban greenspaces. Our findings present a comprehensive assessment of SOC in global urban greenspaces and provide a baseline for future urban soil C assessment under continuing urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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29
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Stewart AJ, Halabisky M, Babcock C, Butman DE, D'Amore DV, Moskal LM. Revealing the hidden carbon in forested wetland soils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:726. [PMID: 38272881 PMCID: PMC10810814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in current maps, which we refer to as 'cryptic carbon'. Here, to demonstrate the magnitude and distribution of cryptic carbon, we measure and map SOC stocks as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across the Hoh River Watershed (HRW) in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., comprising 68,145 ha. Total catchment SOC at 30 cm depth (5.0 TgC) is between estimates from global SOC maps (GSOC: 3.9 TgC; SoilGrids: 7.8 TgC). For wetland SOC, our 1 m stock estimates are substantially higher (Mean: 259 MgC ha-1; Total: 1.7 TgC) compared to current wetland-specific SOC maps derived from a combination of U.S. national datasets (Mean: 184 MgC ha-1; Total: 0.3 TgC). We show that total unmapped or cryptic carbon is 1.5 TgC and when added to current estimates, increases the estimated wetland SOC stock to 1.8 TgC or by 482%, which highlights the vast stores of SOC that are not mapped and contained in unprotected and vulnerable wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Stewart
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA.
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Chad Babcock
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
| | - David V D'Amore
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - L Monika Moskal
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, USA
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30
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Li L, Luo Z, Li L, Niu Y, Zhang Y, He R, Liu J, Nian L. Long-term phosphorus fertilization reveals the phosphorus limitation shaping the soil micro-food web stability in the Loess Plateau. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1256269. [PMID: 38274741 PMCID: PMC10808297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate decomposition pathways within soil micro-food webs are vital for cycling soil organic carbon and nutrients, influencing the quality, productivity, and sustainability of soil systems. However, the impact of diverse phosphorus addition on these organic decomposition pathways still needs to be explored. In an 8-year experiment, phosphorus (P) fertilizer was added at varying levels (0 kg ha-1, CK; 60 kg ha-1, P60; 120 kg ha-1, P120; and 180 kg ha-1, P180), to investigate the response of the soil micro-food web. The results revealed a significant effect of phosphorus addition on soil microorganisms and nematodes, with P60 exerting a greater influence than other treatments. At P60, the Shannon index of nematodes and fungi surpassed other treatments, indicating higher diversity, while the Shannon index of bacteria was lower. The Chao1 index of bacteria and fungi at P60 was higher, contrasting with the lower index for nematodes. Metabolic footprints of bacterivores and omnivores-predators (BFMF and OPMF) were higher at P60, while metabolic footprints of fungivores and plant parasites (FFMF and PPMF) were lower, signifying altered energy flow. Functional metabolic footprints and energy flow analysis unveiled a stable soil micro-food web structure at P60, with enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Network analysis illustrated positive correlations between fungi, fungivorous nematodes (FF), and omnivorous-predatory nematodes (OP) at P60, while P120 and P180 showed positive correlations among bacteria, bacterivorous nematodes (BF), and OP. Path analysis underscored the higher contribution rate of BF-C, FF-C, and OP-C to soil organic carbon at P60 compared with P120 and P180. These findings suggest that nutrient interactions between fungi and nematodes regulate soil micro-food web decomposition under low phosphorus concentrations. In contrast, interactions between bacteria and nematodes dominate at high phosphorus concentrations. The study indicates that adding phosphorus has nuanced bottom-up effects, intricately shaping the structure and activity of the pathways and underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of nutrient dynamics in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuzhu Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yining Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaoquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renyuan He
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Liu
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Nian
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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31
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Owusu SM, Adomako MO, Qiao H. Organic amendment in climate change mitigation: Challenges in an era of micro- and nanoplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168035. [PMID: 37907110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
As a global strategy for mitigating climate change, organic amendments play critical roles in restoring stocks in carbon (C) depleted soils, preserving existing stocks to prevent further soil organic carbon (SOC) loss, and enhancing C sequestration. However, recent emerging evidence of a significant proportion of micro- and nanoplastics (M/NPs) occurrence in most organic substrates (e.g., compost manure, farmyard manure, and sewage sludge) compromises its role in climate change mitigation. Given the predicted surge of soil M/NPs proliferation in the coming years, we argued whether organic amendment remains a reliable climate change mitigation strategy. Toxicity effects of M/NPs influx within the soil matrix disrupt plants and their associated key microbial taxa responsible for crucial biogeochemical processes and restructuring of SOC, leading to increasing emissions of potent greenhouse gases (GHGs, e.g., CO2, CH4, and N2O) that feedback to aggravate the rapidly changing climate. Here, we summarize evidence based on literature that the discovery of M/NPs in organic substrates compromises its role in the climate change mitigation strategy. We briefly discuss the overview of synthetic fertilizers and their impact on SOC and atmospheric emissions. We discuss the role of organic amends in climate change mitigation and the emergence of M/NPs in it. We discuss M/NPs-induced damages to SOC and subsequent emissions of GHGs. We briefly highlight management approaches to clean organic substrates of M/NPs to improve their use in agrosystems and provide recommendations for future research studies. We found that organic amendment plays pivotal role in modulating the biotic and abiotic drivers responsible for climate mitigation. However, M/NPs in organic amendments weaken the regulatory mechanisms of organic amendments in plant-soil systems. We conclude that organic amendments of soils are critical for restoring SOC and mitigating the rapidly changing climate; yet, the discovery of M/NPs in organic substrates put their usage in a dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mensah Owusu
- Schoo of Business, Jinggangshan University, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Michael Opoku Adomako
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Schoo of Business, Jinggangshan University, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City 343009, Jiangxi, China
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32
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Tang F, Zhou Y, Bai Y. The effect of mixed forest identity on soil carbon stocks in Pinus massoniana mixed forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167889. [PMID: 37852480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased productivity generally promotes the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The productivity of mixed forests is mainly influenced by plant species richness (PSR), mixed forest age (MFA), and mixed species proportion (MSP). However, the influence of PSR, MFA, and MSP on SOC stocks along the soil profiles in Pinus massoniana mixed forests remains to be determined. We conducted a meta-analysis employing paired observations of SOC stocks from 1010 paired mixed and pure stands of P. massoniana from 110 publications. The findings revealed that SOC stocks were highly dependent on MFA and increased with increasing MFA in various soil layers, rather than the expected influence of PSR. MFA contributed 48.97 %, 83.20 %, and 38.41 % to the increased SOC stocks in the topsoil, midsoil, and subsoil, respectively. Furthermore, MSP also significantly affected the increase in SOC stock in the topsoil and midsoil when 40 % < MSP ≤ 60 %. Over the next 60 years, subsoil SOC accumulation will be limited by increased PSR and MSP in mixed forests. Mixing between P. massoniana and broadleaf tree species (especially Schima superba and Lespedeza bicolor) significantly enhanced SOC stocks along the soil profiles. SOC stocks along the soil profiles decreased with increasing dominant mixed tree species richness (e.g., broadleaf, deciduous broadleaf, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and the sum of conifer and broadleaf trees). Incorporating lower PSR (e.g., 2 ≤ N ≤ 10) and dominant mixed tree species richness (e.g., N = 2) practices may be optimization options for increasing SOC stocks. Overall, based on the expected goals, including optimizing productivity, enhancing carbon storage, mitigating climate change, and promoting biodiversity conservation, we emphasize the importance of incorporating MFA, MSP, tree species identity, and subsoil into forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Tang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunchao Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yunxing Bai
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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33
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Liu D, Gong H, Li J, Liu Z, Wang L, Ouyang Z, Xu L, Wang T. Continuous crop rotation increases soil organic carbon stocks in river deltas: A 40-year field evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167749. [PMID: 37838062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
River deltas, as important food production centers, support 66 % of the world's population, together with other coastal areas. However, agriculture in river deltas is negatively affected by soil salinization and agricultural intensification. Improving the soil carbon pool is a mutually beneficial solution for maximizing crop production and improving climate resilience to secure food production. In this study, long-term croplands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), with a wheat-maize (WM) rotation system and a single cotton (SC) cropping system, were selected to explore the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the driving mechanisms at 0-20 cm depth from 1980 to 2020. We found that, over the past 40 years, the SOC stocks in WM and SC croplands had increased by 10.05 Mg C ha-1 and 7.44 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The Random forest model revealed that in the WM croplands, soil N stock and available K were the most important driving factors of SOC stocks, while in SC croplands, soil type and salinity were the most important driving factors of SOC stock dynamics. An increase in soil salinity to 2.0 ‰ caused a 17.5 % loss in SOC stocks in SC croplands. Our results show that, in the long run, croplands with a WM rotation system have stronger carbon sequestration potential. Depending on the planting system, promoting crop carbon input under high soil nutrients and affecting SOC decomposition by soil salinity are two different pathways of SOC sequestration in delta croplands. We propose that nutrient management and organic fertilizer application are crucial for increasing SOC stocks in the WM and SC croplands, respectively. This study confirms that it is of practical significance to take measures to promote soil carbon sequestration at the farmland scale and to provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of river delta agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huarui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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Liu X, Lie Z, Reich PB, Zhou G, Yan J, Huang W, Wang Y, Peñuelas J, Tissue DT, Zhao M, Wu T, Wu D, Xu W, Li Y, Tang X, Zhou S, Meng Z, Liu S, Chu G, Zhang D, Zhang Q, He X, Liu J. Long-term warming increased carbon sequestration capacity in a humid subtropical forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17072. [PMID: 38273547 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical forests play a crucial role in global carbon (C) pools, and their responses to warming can significantly impact C-climate feedback and predictions of future global warming. Despite earth system models projecting reductions in land C storage with warming, the magnitude of this response varies greatly between models, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we conducted a field ecosystem-level warming experiment in a subtropical forest in southern China, by translocating mesocosms (ecosystem composed of soils and plants) across 600 m elevation gradients with temperature gradients of 2.1°C (moderate warming), to explore the response of ecosystem C dynamics of the subtropical forest to continuous 6-year warming. Compared with the control, the ecosystem C stock decreased by 3.8% under the first year of 2.1°C warming; but increased by 13.4% by the sixth year of 2.1°C warming. The increased ecosystem C stock by the sixth year of warming was mainly attributed to a combination of sustained increased plant C stock due to the maintenance of a high plant growth rate and unchanged soil C stock. The unchanged soil C stock was driven by compensating and offsetting thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms (unresponsive soil respiration and enzyme activity, and more stable microbial community), increased plant C input, and inhibitory C loss (decreased C leaching and inhibited temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) from soil drying. These results suggest that the humid subtropical forest C pool would not necessarily diminish consistently under future long-term warming. We highlight that differential and asynchronous responses of plant and soil C processes over relatively long-term periods should be considered when predicting the effects of climate warming on ecosystem C dynamics of subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yingping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Champiny RE, Bacon AR, Brush ID, McKenna AM, Colopietro DJ, Lin Y. Unraveling the persistence of deep podzolized carbon: Insights from organic matter characterization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167382. [PMID: 37774867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Over a billion tons of terrestrial carbon (C) is stored in deep soils from the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. While the size and extent of this pool, known as deep podzolized carbon (DPC), have been reported in recent studies, the stabilization mechanisms responsible for its persistence are unclear. The main hypothesis of DPC stabilization is that hydrology, specifically water table fluctuations in the phreatic zone, slow microbial degradation and promote C accumulation. This accounts for the characteristic properties and distribution of DPC and provides a mechanistic distinction between DPC and shallow podzolized C in the region's soils, however it has yet to be tested. We characterized the organic matter composition of the bulk and dissolved fractions of DPC using elemental analysis, solvent extraction, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Consistent with past work, the majority of DPC organic matter was extractable by sodium pyrophosphate solution; the influence of metal association was also observable in the water extractable fraction of DPC with large species being preferentially removed and a low compound diversity compared to those from other horizons overlying DPC. Only water extractable species with low molecular mass (m/z < 375 Da) showed significant change in average nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) values, indicative of oxygen-limitation influence on the processing of these species. Infrared spectroscopy revealed an increase in abundance of aliphatic (C-H:C-O) bonds relative to polysaccharide bonds with depth whereas aromatic (C=C:C-O) bonds decreased with depth in DPC relative to other subsurface horizons. Our work shows that DPC is significantly more refractory than overlying surface soil C, and yet slightly more labile than the subsoils above DPC. Together our results suggest that the maintenance of low redox conditions via persistent water saturation contributes to the stabilization and persistence of DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Champiny
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Allan R Bacon
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isabella D Brush
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel J Colopietro
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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36
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Zhang M, Yu P, Guo X. Oxidative removal of fluorescent components from soil DOM and its effect on heavy metals around abandoned mining areas. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 46:11. [PMID: 38147165 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation stability of soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the environmental chemical behavior of heavy metals (HMs). In this study, the oxidation stability of SOM and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) for four soils around the mining area in Western China, including grassland (GR), forest land (FR), farmland soil (FA), and mining area soil (MA), was investigated. The oxidation effect of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) was determined by using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). The results showed that the oxidation stability of SOM for four soils follows the order: MA > GR > FR > FA. Protein-like fluorescence (A2) is dominant in soil DOM, more than 96% of which were more easily degraded. As the wavelength increases, FDOM components become more difficult to oxidize. Second derivative, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and 1/n power transformation can identify more FDOM components, protein-like materials can be preferential removal by the oxidation process, followed by humic-like substances. The oxidation process increased the release of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe in FA soil. Therefore, the oxidation stability of SOM and FDOM can affect the immobilization and release of HMs, and this work provides scientific guidance for remediation of soil HMs around abandoned mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Ping Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Xujing Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.
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37
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Guasconi D, Manzoni S, Hugelius G. Climate-dependent responses of root and shoot biomass to drought duration and intensity in grasslands-a meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166209. [PMID: 37572920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of altered precipitation regimes on root biomass in grasslands is crucial for predicting grassland responses to climate change. Nonetheless, studies investigating the effects of drought on belowground vegetation have produced mixed results. In particular, root biomass under reduced precipitation may increase, decrease or show a delayed response compared to shoot biomass, highlighting a knowledge gap in the relationship between belowground net primary production and drought. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 field observations of grassland root and shoot biomass changes under experimental rainfall reduction to disentangle the main drivers behind grassland responses to drought. Using a response-ratio approach we tested the hypothesis that water scarcity would induce a decrease in total biomass, but an increase in belowground biomass allocation with increased drought length and intensity, and that climate (as defined by the aridity index of the study location) would be an additional predictor. As expected, meteorological drought decreased root and shoot biomass, but aboveground and belowground biomass exhibited contrasting responses to drought duration and intensity, and their interaction with climate. In particular, drought duration had negative effects on root biomass only in wet climates while more intense drought had negative effects on root biomass only in dry climates. Shoot biomass responded negatively to drought duration regardless of climate. These results show that long-term climate is an important modulator of belowground vegetation responses to drought, which might be a consequence of different drought tolerance and adaptation strategies. This variability in vegetation responses to drought suggests that physiological plasticity and community composition shifts may mediate how climate affects carbon allocation in grasslands, and thus ultimately carbon storage in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guasconi
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Wan P, Zhao X, Ou Z, He R, Wang P, Cao A. Forest management practices change topsoil carbon pools and their stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166093. [PMID: 37549706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest management may lead to changes in soil carbon and its stability, and the effects are variable owing to the differences in management methods. Our study aimed to determine the impacts of different forest management practices on soil carbon pools and their stability. We chose a natural oak forest, where different forest-management strategies have been practiced. Forest management strategies included cultivating target trees by removing interference trees (CNFM), optimizing the forest spatial structure by the structural parameters (SBFM), reducing the stand density by harvesting timber (SFCS), and using unmanaged forests as controls (NT). Topsoil (depth of 0-10 cm) was collected after eight years of forest management. Soil organic carbon (SOC), labile organic carbon components and the microbial community were determined, and SOC chemical compositions were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The CNFM and SFCS strategies had smaller dissolved organic carbon contents than the NT and SBFM strategies, and the CNFM strategy increased the ratio of alkyl C and o-alkyl C, indicating that the SOC was more stable. Forest management strategies changed the SOC and its labile C pool by adjusting the soil total nitrogen,β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, fine-root carbon and fungal operational taxonomic units, and the SOC chemical compositions were influenced by the number of fungal species. These findings suggest that the soil organic carbon decreased, but its stability increased in the natural forest under the practice of cultivating target trees by removing interference trees. The SOC pools could be regulated by soil nitrogen, enzyme activity, fine roots, and fungi, while soil fungi could affect SOC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wan
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zeyu Ou
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ruirui He
- College of forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forestry of Gansu Province, Tianshui 741000, PR China
| | - Anan Cao
- Xiaolongshan Research Institute of Forestry of Gansu Province, Tianshui 741000, PR China
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39
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Treby S, Grover SP. Carbon emissions from Australian Sphagnum peatlands increase with feral horse (Equus caballus) presence. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119034. [PMID: 37832263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are globally significant carbon sinks, but when disturbed, have the potential to release carbon back to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. Feral horse populations in the Australian Alps degrade Sphagnum peatlands, which are highly sensitive to disturbance. However, the link between this degradation and peatland carbon cycling is not understood. Here, we compared the autumn daytime carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes of 12 alpine and subalpine Sphagnum peatlands in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. The presence of feral horses at these sites was correlated with higher carbon loss: sites with horses were losing carbon to the atmosphere (4.83 and 8.18 g CO2-e m-2 d-1 in areas of Sphagnum moss and bare soil, respectively), whereas sites without horses were removing carbon from the atmosphere (-6.39 g CO2-e m-2 d-1). Sites with feral horses also had higher soil bulk density, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC), and higher water pH, EC, and turbidity, than sites without horses. Our findings suggest that excluding feral horses from peatland areas could reduce rates of carbon loss to the atmosphere, in addition to improving overall site condition, peat soil condition, and water quality. We discuss potential management applications, further research, and restoration opportunities arising from these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Treby
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
| | - Samantha P Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
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40
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Berrigan EM, Wang L, Carrillo H, Echegoyen K, Kappes M, Torres J, Ai-Perreira A, McCoy E, Shane E, Copeland CD, Ragel L, Georgousakis C, Lee S, Reynolds D, Talgo A, Gonzalez J, Zhang L, Rajurkar AB, Ruiz M, Daniels E, Maree L, Pariyar S, Busch W, Pereira TD. Fast and efficient root phenotyping via pose estimation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567949. [PMID: 38045278 PMCID: PMC10690188 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Image segmentation is commonly used to estimate the location and shape of plants and their external structures. Segmentation masks are then used to localize landmarks of interest and compute other geometric features that correspond to the plant's phenotype. Despite its prevalence, segmentation-based approaches are laborious (requiring extensive annotation to train), and error-prone (derived geometric features are sensitive to instance mask integrity). Here we present a segmentation-free approach which leverages deep learning-based landmark detection and grouping, also known as pose estimation. We use a tool originally developed for animal motion capture called SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses) to automate the detection of distinct morphological landmarks on plant roots. Using a gel cylinder imaging system across multiple species, we show that our approach can reliably and efficiently recover root system topology at high accuracy, few annotated samples, and faster speed than segmentation-based approaches. In order to make use of this landmark-based representation for root phenotyping, we developed a Python library (sleap-roots) for trait extraction directly comparable to existing segmentation-based analysis software. We show that landmark-derived root traits are highly accurate and can be used for common downstream tasks including genotype classification and unsupervised trait mapping. Altogether, this work establishes the validity and advantages of pose estimation-based plant phenotyping. To facilitate adoption of this easy-to-use tool and to encourage further development, we make sleap-roots, all training data, models, and trait extraction code available at: https://github.com/talmolab/sleap-roots and https://osf.io/k7j9g/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Wang
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Hannah Carrillo
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Kimberly Echegoyen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Mikayla Kappes
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Jorge Torres
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Angel Ai-Perreira
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Erica McCoy
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Emily Shane
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Charles D. Copeland
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Lauren Ragel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | | | - Sanghwa Lee
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Dawn Reynolds
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Avery Talgo
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Juan Gonzalez
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Ling Zhang
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Ashish B. Rajurkar
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Michel Ruiz
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Erin Daniels
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Liezl Maree
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Shree Pariyar
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
| | - Talmo D. Pereira
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 United States of America
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41
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Yang X, Yi X, Ni K, Zhang Q, Shi Y, Chen L, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Cai Y, Ma L, Ruan J. Patterns and abiotic drivers of soil organic carbon in perennial tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation system of China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116925. [PMID: 37598641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC), the largest carbon (C) pool of a terrestrial ecosystem, is essential for mitigating climate change. Currently, the spatial patterns and drivers of SOC in the plantations of tea, a perennial leaf crop, remain unclear. Therefore, the present study surveyed SOC across the main tea-producing areas of China, which is the largest tea producer in the world. We analyzed the soil samples from tea plantations under different scenarios, such as provinces, regions [southwest China (SW), south China (SC), south Yangtze (SY), and north Yangtze (NY)], climatic zones (temperate, subtropical, and tropical), and cultivars [large-leaf (LL) and middle or small-leaf (ML) cultivars]. Preliminary analysis revealed that most tea-producing areas (45%) had SOC content ranging from 10 to 20 g kg-1. The highest SOC was recorded for Yunnan among the various provinces, the SW tea-producing area among the four regions, the tropical region among the different climatic zones, and the areas with LL cultivars compared to those with ML cultivars. Further Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between SOC and soil variables and random forest modeling (RF) identified that total nitrogen (TN) and available aluminum [Ava(Al)] of soil explained the maximum differences in SOC. Besides, a large indirect effect of geography (latitude and altitude) on SOC was detected through partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis. Thus, the study revealed a high spatial heterogeneity in SOC across the major tea-producing areas of China. The findings also serve as a basis for planning fertilization strategies and C sequestration policies for tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangde Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Science, 2 Jingnan Road, Menghai, Yunnan, 666201, China
| | - Yuanyan Zhao
- Pu'er Tea Science Research Institute, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Huang X, Liu X, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen H. Iron-bound organic carbon dynamics in peatland profiles: The preservation equivalence of deep and surface soil. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:852-860. [PMID: 38932997 PMCID: PMC11197498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the carbon pools in peatlands are stored in the soil layers below 30 cm, yet little is known about the carbon stabilizing factors at these depths. Although iron oxide minerals are considered to be important for stabilizing organic carbon (OC), their role in the preservation of OC in peatlands, especially in the deep layers, is poorly understood. Here, we collected 1 m soil profiles from six peatlands in Central and West China to quantitatively study the vertical distribution characteristics of iron-bound OC (Fe-bound OC), and the influencing physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that the content of reactive iron (FeR) was enriched in the top layer and decreased gradually with depth. While Fe-bound OC was positively correlated with FeR, its concentration did not decrease with depth in the peat profile. There were no obvious trends in the distributions of FeR and Fe-bound OC with water level fluctuations in the peat profile. In addition, the proportion of Fe-bound OC to soil organic carbon in the deep peat (31 to 100 cm) was equivalent to that in the surface peat (0 to 30 cm), indicating that iron oxide mineral provides comparable protection of OC in both layers. According to upper estimates of global peatland carbon storage (612 Pg), it could be predicted that 23.81 ± 11.75 Pg of OC is protected by association with FeR. These results indicated that iron oxide minerals are the effective "rusty sink" of OC sequestration in peatland, and a key factor for its long-term preservation. The results from this study make a valuable contribution to the carbon dynamics knowledgebase for peatlands, and provide a basis for improved predictive simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Liangshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
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43
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Habib W, Connolly J. A national-scale assessment of land use change in peatlands between 1989 and 2020 using Landsat data and Google Earth Engine-a case study of Ireland. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 37745890 PMCID: PMC10511367 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the centuries, anthropogenic pressure has severely impacted peatlands on the European continent. Peatlands cover ~ 21% (1.46 Mha) of Ireland's land surface, but 85% have been degraded due to management activities (land use). Ireland needs to meet its 2030 climate energy framework targets related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use, land use change and forestry, including wetlands. Despite Ireland's voluntary decision to include peatlands in this system in 2020, information on land use activities and associated GHG emissions from peatlands is lacking. This study strives to fill this information gap by using Landsat (5, 8) data with Google Earth Engine and machine learning to examine and quantify land use on Irish peatlands across three time periods: 1990, 2005 and 2019. Four peatland land use classes were mapped and assessed: industrial peat extraction, forestry, grassland and residual peatland. The overall accuracy of the classification was 86% and 85% for the 2005 and 2019 maps, respectively. The accuracy of the 1990 dataset could not be assessed due to the unavailability of high-resolution reference data. The results indicate that extensive management activities have taken place in peatlands over the past three decades, which may have negative impacts on its ecological integrity and the many ecosystem services provided. By utilising cloud computing, temporal mosaicking and Landsat data, this study developed a robust methodology that overcomes cloud contamination and produces the first peatland land use maps of Ireland with wall-to-wall coverage. This has the potential for regional and global applications, providing maps that could help understand unsustainable management practices on peatlands and the impact on GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahaj Habib
- Discipline of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John Connolly
- Discipline of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Sun J, Gallego-Sala A, Yu Z. Topographic and climatic controls of peatland distribution on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14811. [PMID: 37684329 PMCID: PMC10491611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) hosts a variety of mountain peatlands that are sensitive to the amplified warming in this region. However, we still lack a basic understanding of environmental and climatic factors controlling peatland distribution in the region. Here we use a bioclimatic envelope model (PeatStash) and environmental analysis that utilise three peatland datasets-(a) the well-studied Zoige peatland complex, (b) a literature-based dataset of TP peatlands sites, and (c) an existing global peatland map (PEATMAP)-to investigate major drivers of peatland distribution in the TP. The Zoige peatland complex is defined by gentle slopes (< 2°), mean annual temperature at 0-2 °C, and soil moisture index > 1.7, much narrower thresholds than those stemming from PEATMAP. Using these narrower thresholds to predict future changes, we found that the Zoige peatland complex will shrink greatly under full-range future warming scenarios (both SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Modelling peatland distribution in the entire TP remains challenging because accurate environmental and climate data at high resolution and a reliable peatland distribution map are still lacking. Improved peatland mapping supported by ground-truthing is necessary to understand drivers of peatland distribution, assess carbon storage and other ecosystem services, and predict the TP's peatlands fate under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Angela Gallego-Sala
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China.
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45
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Sciumbata M, Wenina YEM, Mbemba M, Dargie GC, Baird AJ, Morris PJ, Ifo SA, Aerts R, Lewis SL. First estimates of fine root production in tropical peat swamp and terra firme forests of the central Congo Basin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12315. [PMID: 37516765 PMCID: PMC10387053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are carbon-dense ecosystems because they accumulate partially-decomposed plant material. A substantial fraction of this organic matter may derive from fine root production (FRP). However, few FRP estimates exist for tropical peatlands, with none from the world's largest peatland complex in the central Congo Basin. Here we report on FRP using repeat photographs of roots from in situ transparent tubes (minirhizotrons), measured to 1 m depth over three one-month periods (spanning dry to wet seasons), in a palm-dominated peat swamp forest, a hardwood-dominated peat swamp forest, and a terra firme forest. We find FRP of 2.6 ± 0.3 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, 1.9 ± 0.5 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, and 1.7 ± 0.1 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the three ecosystem types respectively (mean ± standard error; no significant ecosystem type differences). These estimates fall within the published FRP range worldwide. Furthermore, our hardwood peat swamp estimate is similar to the only other FRP study in tropical peatlands, also hardwood-dominated, from Micronesia. We also found that FRP decreased with depth and was the highest during the dry season. Overall, we show that minirhizotrons can be used as a low-disturbance method to estimate FRP in tropical forests and peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sciumbata
- Section Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yeto Emmanuel Mampouya Wenina
- École Normale Supérieure, Departement des sciences et vie de la terre, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Mackline Mbemba
- École Normale Supérieure, Departement des sciences et vie de la terre, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Andy J Baird
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Suspense Averti Ifo
- École Normale Supérieure, Departement des sciences et vie de la terre, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Rien Aerts
- Section Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
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46
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Zhang Z, Hao M, Yu Q, Dun X, Xu J, Gao P. The effect of thinning intensity on the soil carbon pool mediated by soil microbial communities and necromass carbon in coastal zone protected forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163492. [PMID: 37062318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thinning is a common forest management measure that can effectively maintain the ecological service function of protected forests. However, the effect of thinning on the soil carbon (C) pool remains uncertain. In particular, we lack an understanding of the complete link between thinning and microbial communities, microbial necromass C, and consequently, soil C pools in coastal zone protected forests. In this study, three thinning intensities, i.e., a control treatment (CT, i.e., no thinning), light thinning (LT) and heavy thinning (HT), were established in three types of forests (Quercus acutissima Carruth, Pinus thunbergii Parl and mixed Quercus acutissima Carruth and Pinus thunbergii Parl, i.e., QAC, PTP and QP, respectively). Two years after the completion of thinning, we investigated the changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, soil microbial community and soil microbial necromass C in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and thoroughly evaluated the relationship between the potential change in SOC and the microbial community. Compared with CT, there was no change in the SOC content under LT and HT, but thinning conducted in QAC increased the proportion of mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) in SOC. Moreover, both LT and HT reduced the soil carbon lability (CL) in the QAC and QP forests. Different thinning intensities changed the soil microbial community structure, and most of the variation was explained by thinning and the soil physicochemical properties. The proportion of soil bacterial and fungal necromass C to SOC increased with increasing thinning intensity. The content of soil bacterial and fungal necromass C was mainly controlled by the relative abundance of the core phylum (relative abundance>10 %). Thinning affected the soil C pool by affecting the content of soil bacterial and fungal necromass C, but their accumulation pathways was different. The results showed that thinning was beneficial to the stability of SOC. The microbial C pool, total organic C pool and even bacterial and fungal C pools should be distinguished when studying the soil C pool, which can effectively deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which soil microorganisms affect the soil C pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Zhang
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xingjian Dun
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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47
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Maestre FT, Berdugo M, Wang J, Coleine C, Sáez-Sandino T, García-Velázquez L, Singh BK, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1002-1011. [PMID: 37169879 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils support an immense portion of Earth's biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant-microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Youzhi Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Department of Environment Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Depatamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juntao Wang
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
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48
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Sushko S, Ovsepyan L, Gavrichkova O, Yevdokimov I, Komarova A, Zhuravleva A, Blagodatsky S, Kadulin M, Ivashchenko K. Contribution of microbial activity and vegetation cover to the spatial distribution of soil respiration in mountains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165045. [PMID: 37396373 PMCID: PMC10307969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of change in bioclimatic conditions determine the vegetation cover and soil properties along the altitudinal gradient. Together, these factors control the spatial variability of soil respiration (RS) in mountainous areas. The underlying mechanisms, which are poorly understood, shape the resulting surface CO2 flux in these ecosystems. We aimed to investigate the spatial variability of RS and its drivers on the northeastern slope of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, Russia (1,260-2,480 m a.s.l.), in mixed, fir, and deciduous forests, as well as subalpine and alpine meadows. RS was measured simultaneously in each ecosystem at 12 randomly distributed points using the closed static chamber technique. After the measurements, topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected under each chamber (n = 60). Several soil physicochemical, microbial, and vegetation indices were assessed as potential drivers of RS. We tested two hypotheses: (i) the spatial variability of RS is higher in forests than in grasslands; and (ii) the spatial variability of RS in forests is mainly due to soil microbial activity, whereas in grasslands, it is mainly due to vegetation characteristics. Unexpectedly, RS variability was lower in forests than in grasslands, ranging from 1.3-6.5 versus 3.4-12.7 μmol CO2 m-1 s-1, respectively. Spatial variability of RS in forests was related to microbial functioning through chitinase activity (50% explained variance), whereas in grasslands it was related to vegetation structure, namely graminoid abundance (27% explained variance). Apparently, the chitinase dependence of RS variability in forests may be related to soil N limitation. This was confirmed by low N content and high C:N ratio compared to grassland soils. The greater sensitivity of grassland RS to vegetation structure may be related to the essential root C allocation for some grasses. Thus, the first hypothesis concerning the higher spatial variability of RS in forests than in grasslands was not confirmed, whereas the second hypothesis concerning the crucial role of soil microorganisms in forests and vegetation in grasslands as drivers of RS spatial variability was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sushko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lilit Ovsepyan
- Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilya Yevdokimov
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexandra Komarova
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Kadulin
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
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49
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Tao F, Huang Y, Hungate BA, Manzoni S, Frey SD, Schmidt MWI, Reichstein M, Carvalhais N, Ciais P, Jiang L, Lehmann J, Wang YP, Houlton BZ, Ahrens B, Mishra U, Hugelius G, Hocking TD, Lu X, Shi Z, Viatkin K, Vargas R, Yigini Y, Omuto C, Malik AA, Peralta G, Cuevas-Corona R, Di Paolo LE, Luotto I, Liao C, Liang YS, Saynes VS, Huang X, Luo Y. Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage. Nature 2023; 618:981-985. [PMID: 37225998 PMCID: PMC10307633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems1,2. How soil organic carbon (SOC) forms and persists remains uncertain1,3, which makes it challenging to understand how it will respond to climatic change3,4. It has been suggested that soil microorganisms play an important role in SOC formation, preservation and loss5-7. Although microorganisms affect the accumulation and loss of soil organic matter through many pathways4,6,8-11, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an integrative metric that can capture the balance of these processes12,13. Although CUE has the potential to act as a predictor of variation in SOC storage, the role of CUE in SOC persistence remains unresolved7,14,15. Here we examine the relationship between CUE and the preservation of SOC, and interactions with climate, vegetation and edaphic properties, using a combination of global-scale datasets, a microbial-process explicit model, data assimilation, deep learning and meta-analysis. We find that CUE is at least four times as important as other evaluated factors, such as carbon input, decomposition or vertical transport, in determining SOC storage and its spatial variation across the globe. In addition, CUE shows a positive correlation with SOC content. Our findings point to microbial CUE as a major determinant of global SOC storage. Understanding the microbial processes underlying CUE and their environmental dependence may help the prediction of SOC feedback to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serita D Frey
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lifen Jiang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology and Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toby D Hocking
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kostiantyn Viatkin
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Vargas
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Yusuf Yigini
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Omuto
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashish A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Guillermo Peralta
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabel Luotto
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Cuijuan Liao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Liang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Vinisa S Saynes
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Feng J, Song Y, Zhu B. Ecosystem-dependent responses of soil carbon storage to phosphorus enrichment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2363-2374. [PMID: 36960561 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus deposition can stimulate both plant carbon inputs and microbial carbon outputs. However, how P enrichment affects soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of 642 SOC observations from 213 field P addition experiments world-wide and explored the regulations of plant inputs, microbial outputs, plant characteristics, and environmental and experimental factors on SOC responses. We found that, globally, P addition stimulated SOC by 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0-6.0%), but the stimulation only occurred in forest and cropland rather than in grassland. Across sites, the response of SOC correlated with that of plant aboveground rather than belowground biomass, suggesting that the change in plant inputs from aboveground was more important than that from belowground in regulating SOC changes due to P addition. Among multiple factors, plant N fixation status and mean annual temperature were the best predictors for SOC responses to P addition, with SOC stimulation being higher in ecosystems dominated by symbiotic nitrogen fixers and ecosystems in high-temperature regions like tropical forests. Our findings highlight the differential and ecosystem-dependent responses of SOC to P enrichment and can contribute to accurate predictions of soil carbon dynamics in a P-enriched world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanjun Song
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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