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Wang H, Dong Y, Wang M, Li S, Zhou Y, Ji Y. The miR184-3p targets neuron-specific ecdysone inducible protein 78 to promote rice black streaked dwarf virus propagation in its planthopper vector. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4417-4426. [PMID: 38676556 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in antiviral infection. The miR184-3p has been identified to promote rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infection in vector Laodelphax striatellus, whether it targets other genes of L. striatellus to modulate RBSDV propagation remains unknown. RESULTS We first analyzed the expression profiles of miR184-3p and its role in regulating RBSDV infection in L. striatellus. Then the candidate genes expression of miR184-3p were systemically analyzed with gain and loss function of miR184-3p, and the interaction of candidate gene, ecdysone inducible protein 78 (Eip78) with miR184-3p was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. We found Eip78 is evolutionary conserved among agricultural pests and predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of L. striatellus. Knockdown of Eip78 effectively increased RBSDV propagation and transmission. Blockade with Eip78 antibody or injection with Eip78 protein could significantly regulate RBSDV infection. Further analysis revealed that knockdown of Eip78 specifically suppresses RBSDV infection in the head part but not in the body part of L. striatellus. Besides, knockdown of ecdysone receptor (EcR) notably restricted Eip78 expression and increased RBSDV accumulation in L. striatellus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we identified a novel target gene of miR184-3p, Eip78, a member of the ecdysone signaling pathway, and revealed the anti-RBSDV role of Eip78 in the CNS of L. striatellus. These results shed light on the interaction mechanisms of miRNAs, virus and ecdysone signaling pathway in insect vector. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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2
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McPherson WK, Van Gorder EE, Hilovsky DL, Jamali LA, Keliinui CN, Suzawa M, Bland ML. Synchronizing Drosophila larvae with the salivary gland reporter Sgs3-GFP for discovery of phenotypes in the late third instar stage. Dev Biol 2024; 512:35-43. [PMID: 38710381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The larval stage of the Drosophila melanogaster life cycle is characterized by rapid growth and nutrient storage that occur over three instar stages separated by molts. In the third instar, the steroid hormone ecdysone drives key developmental processes and behaviors that occur in a temporally-controlled sequence and prepare the animal to undergo metamorphosis. Accurately staging Drosophila larvae within the final third instar is critical due to the rapid developmental progress at this stage, but it is challenging because the rate of development varies widely across a population of animals even if eggs are laid within a short period of time. Moreover, many methods to stage third instar larvae are cumbersome, and inherent variability in the rate of development confounds some of these approaches. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of the Sgs3-GFP transgene, a fusion of the Salivary gland secretion 3 (Sgs3) and GFP proteins, for staging third instar larvae. Sgs3-GFP is expressed in the salivary glands in an ecdysone-dependent manner from the midpoint of the third instar, and its expression pattern changes reproducibly as larvae progress through the third instar. We show that Sgs3-GFP can easily be incorporated into experiments, that it allows collection of developmentally-equivalent individuals from a mixed population of larvae, and that its use enables precise assessment of changing levels of hormones, metabolites, and gene expression during the second half of the third instar.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kyle McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Van Gorder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Dalton L Hilovsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Leila A Jamali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Cami N Keliinui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Miyuki Suzawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA
| | - Michelle L Bland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0875, USA.
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He Q, Chen S, Hou T, Chen J. Juvenile hormone-induced microRNA miR-iab-8 regulates lipid homeostasis and metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39005109 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Metamorphosis plays an important role in the evolutionary success of insects. Accumulating evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of processes associated with insect metamorphosis. However, the miRNAs coordinated with juvenile hormone (JH)-regulated metamorphosis remain poorly reported. In the present study, using high-throughput miRNA sequencing combined with Drosophila genetic approaches, we demonstrated that miR-iab-8, which primarily targets homeotic genes to modulate haltere-wing transformation and sterility was up-regulated by JH and involved in JH-mediated metamorphosis. Overexpression of miR-iab-8 in the fat body resulted in delayed development and failure of larval-pupal transition. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis results revealed that overexpression of miR-iab-8 caused severe energy metabolism defects especially the lipid metabolism, resulting in significantly reduced triacylglycerol (TG) content and glycerophospholipids but enhanced accumulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In line with this, Nile red staining demonstrated that during the third larval development, the TG content in the miR-iab-8 overexpression larvae was continuously decreased, which is opposite to the control. Additionally, the transcription levels of genes committed to TG synthesis and breakdown were found to be significantly increased and the expression of genes responsible for glycerophospholipids metabolism were also altered. Overall, we proposed that JH induced miR-iab-8 expression to perturb the lipid metabolism homeostasis especially the TG storage in the fat body, which in turn affected larval growth and metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu He
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tianlan Hou
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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4
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Jang D, Kim CJ, Shin BH, Lim DH. The Biological Roles of microRNAs in Drosophila Development. INSECTS 2024; 15:491. [PMID: 39057224 PMCID: PMC11277110 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila is a well-established insect model system for studying various physiological phenomena and developmental processes, with a focus on gene regulation. Drosophila development is controlled by programmed regulatory mechanisms specific to individual tissues. When key developmental processes are shared among various insects, the associated regulatory networks are believed to be conserved across insects. Thus, studies of developmental regulation in Drosophila have substantially contributed to our understanding of insect development. Over the past two decades, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) in Drosophila have revealed their crucial regulatory roles in various developmental processes. This review focuses on the biological roles of miRNAs in specific tissues and processes associated with Drosophila development. Additionally, as a future direction, we discuss sequencing technologies that can analyze the interactions between miRNAs and their target genes, with the aim of enhancing miRNA studies in Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Do-Hwan Lim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea; (D.J.); (C.J.K.); (B.H.S.)
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Ren QQ, Long GY, Yang H, Zhou C, Yang XB, Yan Y, Yan X. Conserved microRNAs miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 targeting chitin biosynthesis to regulate the molting process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)(Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae123. [PMID: 38894631 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Molting is a key solution to growth restriction in insects. The periodic synthesis and degradation of chitin, one of the major components of the insect epidermis, is necessary for insect growth. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been implicated in molting regulation, yet their involvement in the interplay interaction between the chitin synthesis pathway and 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling remains poorly understood. In this study, soluble trehalase (Tre1) and phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) were identified as targets of conserved miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3, respectively. The expression profiles of miR-8-3p-SfTre1 and miR-2a-3-SfPAGM exhibited an opposite pattern during the different developmental stages, indicating a negative regulatory relationship between them. This relationship was confirmed by an in vitro dual-luciferase reporter system. Overexpression of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of their respective target genes and increased mortality, leading to death in the pre-molting, and molting death phenomena. They also caused a decrease in chitin content and expression levels of key genes in the chitin synthesis pathway (SfTre1, SfTre2, SfHK, SfG6PI, SfGFAT, SfGNA, SfPAGM, SfUAP, SfCHS1, SfCHS1a, and SfCHS1b). Conversely, the injection of miRNA inhibitors resulted in the upregulation of the expression levels of these genes. Following 20E treatment, the expression levels of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 decreased significantly, while their corresponding target genes increased significantly. These results indicate that miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 play a regulatory role in the molting of Sogatella furcifera by targeting SfTre1 and SfPAGM, respectively. These findings provide new potential targets for the development of subsequent new control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Ren
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-Yun Long
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Guizhou Ethnic Medicine Resource Development and Utilization in Guizhou Minzu, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi-Bin Yang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Terry D, Schweibenz C, Moberg K. Local Ecdysone synthesis in a wounded epithelium sustains developmental delay and promotes regeneration in Drosophila. Development 2024; 151:dev202828. [PMID: 38775023 PMCID: PMC11234263 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative ability often declines as animals mature past embryonic and juvenile stages, suggesting that regeneration requires redirection of growth pathways that promote developmental growth. Intriguingly, the Drosophila larval epithelia require the hormone ecdysone (Ec) for growth but require a drop in circulating Ec levels to regenerate. Examining Ec dynamics more closely, we find that transcriptional activity of the Ec-receptor (EcR) drops in uninjured regions of wing discs, but simultaneously rises in cells around the injury-induced blastema. In parallel, blastema depletion of genes encoding Ec biosynthesis enzymes blocks EcR activity and impairs regeneration but has no effect on uninjured wings. We find that local Ec/EcR signaling is required for injury-induced pupariation delay following injury and that key regeneration regulators upd3 and Ets21c respond to Ec levels. Collectively, these data indicate that injury induces a local source of Ec within the wing blastema that sustains a transcriptional signature necessary for developmental delay and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Terry
- Graduate Programs in Genetic and Molecular Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Colby Schweibenz
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu J, Xia W, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li B, Chen F, Du X, Wu S, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wu M, Su L, Tong H. Fucoidan alleviates high sucrose-induced metabolic disorders and enhances intestinal homeostasis through modulation of Notch signaling. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00224-8. [PMID: 38825316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic potential of fucoidan (FUC), a natural polysaccharide, in metabolic disorders is recognized, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We conducted investigations into the therapeutic mechanisms of FUC sourced from Sargassum fulvellum concerning metabolic disorders induced by a high-sucrose diet (HSD), employing Drosophila melanogaster and mice models. Drosophila larvae were subjected to HSD exposure to monitor growth inhibition, reduced pupation, and developmental delays. Additionally, we examined the impact of FUC on growth- and development-related hormones in Drosophila. Furthermore, we assessed the modulation of larval intestinal homeostasis by FUC, focusing on the regulation of Notch signaling. In mice, we evaluated the effects of FUC on HSD-induced impairments in intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and gut hormone secretion. RESULTS FUC supplementation significantly enhanced pupal weight in Drosophila larvae and effectively countered HSD-induced elevation of glucose and triglyceride levels. It notably influenced the expression of growth- and development-related hormones, particularly augmenting insulin-like peptides production while mitigating larval growth retardation. FUC also modulated larval intestinal homeostasis by negatively regulating Notch signaling, thereby protecting against HSD-induced metabolic stress. In mice, FUC ameliorated HSD-induced impairments in ileum epithelial barrier integrity and gut hormone secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the multifaceted therapeutic effects of FUC in mitigating metabolic disorders and maintaining intestinal health. FUC holds promise as a therapeutic agent, with its effects attributed partly to the sulfate group and its ability to regulate Notch signaling, emphasizing its potential for addressing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China; Jiangxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, Nanchang 330115, China
| | - Weiqiang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Qifang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xueting Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Siya Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Laijin Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China.
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Matera AG, Steiner RE, Mills CA, Herring LE, Garcia EL. Chaperoning the chaperones: Proteomic analysis of the SMN complex reveals conserved and etiologic connections to the proteostasis network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594402. [PMID: 38903116 PMCID: PMC11188114 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones and co-chaperones are highly conserved cellular components that perform variety of duties related to the proper three-dimensional folding of the proteome. The web of factors that carries out this essential task is called the proteostasis network (PN). Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) represent an underexplored area in terms of the connections they make with the PN. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complex is an RNP assembly chaperone and serves as a paradigm for studying how specific small nuclear (sn)RNAs are identified and paired with their client substrate proteins. SMN protein is the eponymous component of a large complex required for the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U-snRNPs) and localizes to distinct membraneless organelles in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of animal cells. SMN forms the oligomeric core of this complex, and missense mutations in its YG box self-interaction domain are known to cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The basic framework for understanding how snRNAs are assembled into U-snRNPs is known, the pathways and mechanisms used by cells to regulate their biogenesis are poorly understood. Given the importance of these processes to normal development as well as neurodegenerative disease, we set out to identify and characterize novel SMN binding partners. Here, we carried out affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) of SMN using stable fly lines exclusively expressing either wildtype or SMA-causing missense alleles. Bioinformatic analyses of the pulldown data, along with comparisons to proximity labeling studies carried out in human cells, revealed conserved connections to at least two other major chaperone systems including heat shock folding chaperones (HSPs) and histone/nucleosome assembly chaperones. Notably, we found that heat shock cognate protein Hsc70-4 and other HspA family members preferentially interacted with SMA-causing alleles of SMN. Hsc70-4 is particularly interesting because its mRNA is aberrantly sequestered by a mutant form of TDP-43 in mouse and Drosophila ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) disease models. Most important, a missense allele of Hsc70-4 (HspA8 in mammals) was recently identified as a bypass suppressor of the SMA phenotype in mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that chaperone-related dysfunction lies at the etiological root of both ALS and SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gregory Matera
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Departments of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- RNA Discovery and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centers, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Rebecca E. Steiner
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - C. Alison Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eric L. Garcia
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
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Luo X, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhou N. PTTH-Torso Signaling System Controls Developmental Timing, Body Size, and Reproduction through Regulating Ecdysone Homeostasis in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5138. [PMID: 38791179 PMCID: PMC11121662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, such as Drosophila and Bombyx, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is well established to be critical in controlling developmental transitions and metamorphosis by stimulating the biosynthesis of ecdysone in the prothoracic glands (PGs). However, the physiological role of PTTH and the receptor Torso in hemimetabolous insects remains largely unexplored. In this study, homozygous PTTH- and Torso-null mutants of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, were successfully generated by employing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). Further characterization showed that both NlPTTH-/- and NlTorso-/- mutants exhibited prolonged nymphal duration and increased final adult size. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that NlPTTH-/- and NlTorso-/- mutants exhibited a significant reduction in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in fifth-instar nymphs at 48 h post-ecdysis compared to Wt controls. Furthermore, our results indicated that both NlPTTH-/- and NlTorso-/- mutants had shortened lifespan, reduced female fecundity, and reduced egg hatching rates in adults. These findings suggest a conserved role for the PTTH-Torso signaling system in the regulation of developmental transitions by stimulating ecdysone biosynthesis in hemimetabolous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Luo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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10
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Bi P, Geisbrecht ER. Cell fusion: Inter-organ tissue communication promotes a union between myoblasts. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R343-R345. [PMID: 38714160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Repeated rounds of fusion between apposing myoblasts allow muscles to become multinucleated. New research finds that myoblasts undergoing fusion in the Drosophila embryo respond to hormone signaling from a nearby tissue, resulting in the activation of a myoblast-specific gene necessary for the fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Bi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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11
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Gaddelapati SC, George S, Moola A, Sengodan K, Palli SR. N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 40-mediated histone acetylation plays an important role in ecdysone regulation of metamorphosis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Commun Biol 2024; 7:521. [PMID: 38702540 PMCID: PMC11068786 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation, a crucial epigenetic modification, is governed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), that regulate many biological processes. Functions of HATs in insects are not well understood. We identified 27 HATs and determined their functions using RNA interference (RNAi) in the model insect, Tribolium castaneum. Among HATs studied, N-alpha-acetyltransferase 40 (NAA40) knockdown caused a severe phenotype of arrested larval development. The steroid hormone, ecdysone induced NAA40 expression through its receptor, EcR (ecdysone receptor). Interestingly, ecdysone-induced NAA40 regulates EcR expression. NAA40 acetylates histone H4 protein, associated with the promoters of ecdysone response genes: EcR, E74, E75, and HR3, and causes an increase in their expression. In the absence of ecdysone and NAA40, histone H4 methylation by arginine methyltransferase 1 (ART1) suppressed the above genes. However, elevated ecdysone levels at the end of the larval period induced NAA40, promoting histone H4 acetylation and increasing the expression of ecdysone response genes. NAA40 is also required for EcR, and steroid-receptor co-activator (SRC) mediated induction of E74, E75, and HR3. These findings highlight the key role of ecdysone-induced NAA40-mediated histone acetylation in the regulation of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Chandra Gaddelapati
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Smitha George
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Anilkumar Moola
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Karthi Sengodan
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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12
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Zhang L, Ge R, Yang Y, Chen K, Li C. The zona pellucida protein piopio regulates the metamorphosis and reproduction in Tribolium castaneum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22122. [PMID: 38783685 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The zona pellucida domain protein piopio (Pio) was only reported to mediate the adhesion of the apical epithelial surface and the overlying apical extracellular matrix in Drosophila melanogaster, but the developmental roles of Pio were poorly understood in insects. To address this issue, we comprehensively analyzed the function of Pio in Tribolium castaneum. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that pio exhibited one-to-one orthologous relationship among insects. T. castaneum pio had a 1236-bp ORF and contained eight exons. During development pio was abundantly expressed from larva to adult and lowly expressed at the late stage of embryo and adult, while it had more transcripts in the head, epidermis, and gut but fewer in the fat body of late-stage larvae. Knockdown of pio inhibited the pupation, eclosion, and reproduction of T. castaneum. The expression of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2, and Vg receptor (VgR) largely decreased in pio-silenced female adults. Silencing pio increased the 20-hydroxyecdysone titer by upregulating phm and spo expression but decreased the juvenile hormone (JH) titer through downregulating JHAMT3 and promoting JHE, JHEH-r4, and JHDK transcription. These results suggested that Pio might regulate the metamorphosis and reproduction via modulating the ecdysone and JH metabolism in T. castaneum. This study found the novel roles of pio in insect metamorphosis and reproduction, and provided the new insights for analyzing other zona pellucida proteins functions in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Runting Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Zandawala M, Gera J. Leptin- and cytokine-like unpaired signaling in Drosophila. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112165. [PMID: 38266772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Animals have evolved a multitude of signaling pathways that enable them to orchestrate diverse physiological processes to tightly regulate systemic homeostasis. This signaling is mediated by various families of peptide hormones and cytokines that are conserved across the animal kingdom. In this review, we primarily focus on the unpaired (Upd) family of proteins in Drosophila which are evolutionarily related to mammalian leptin and the cytokine interleukin 6. We summarize expression patterns of Upd in Drosophila and discuss the parallels in structure, signaling pathway, and functions between Upd and their mammalian counterparts. In particular, we focus on the roles of Upd in governing metabolic homeostasis, growth and development, and immune responses. We aim to stimulate future studies on leptin-like signaling in other phyla which can help bridge the evolutionary gap between insect Upd and vertebrate leptin and cytokines like interleukin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meet Zandawala
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Jayati Gera
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Ruan ZR, Yu Z, Xing C, Chen EH. Inter-organ steroid hormone signaling promotes myoblast fusion via direct transcriptional regulation of a single key effector gene. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1438-1452.e6. [PMID: 38513654 PMCID: PMC11003854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones regulate tissue development and physiology by modulating the transcription of a broad spectrum of genes. In insects, the principal steroid hormones, ecdysteroids, trigger the expression of thousands of genes through a cascade of transcription factors (TFs) to coordinate developmental transitions such as larval molting and metamorphosis. However, whether ecdysteroid signaling can bypass transcriptional hierarchies to exert its function in individual developmental processes is unclear. Here, we report that a single non-TF effector gene mediates the transcriptional output of ecdysteroid signaling in Drosophila myoblast fusion, a critical step in muscle development and differentiation. Specifically, we show that the 20-hydroxyecdysone (commonly referred to as "ecdysone") secreted from an extraembryonic tissue, amnioserosa, acts on embryonic muscle cells to directly activate the expression of antisocial (ants), which encodes an essential scaffold protein enriched at the fusogenic synapse. Not only is ants transcription directly regulated by the heterodimeric ecdysone receptor complex composed of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) via ecdysone-response elements but also more strikingly, expression of ants alone is sufficient to rescue the myoblast fusion defect in ecdysone signaling-deficient mutants. We further show that EcR/USP and a muscle-specific TF Twist synergistically activate ants expression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study provides the first example of a steroid hormone directly activating the expression of a single key non-TF effector gene to regulate a developmental process via inter-organ signaling and provides a new paradigm for understanding steroid hormone signaling in other developmental and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rong Ruan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ze Yu
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Turingan MJ, Li T, Wright J, Sharma A, Ding K, Khan S, Lee B, Grewal SS. Hypoxia delays steroid-induced developmental maturation in Drosophila by suppressing EGF signaling. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011232. [PMID: 38669270 PMCID: PMC11098494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals often grow and develop in unpredictable environments where factors like food availability, temperature, and oxygen levels can fluctuate dramatically. To ensure proper sexual maturation into adulthood, juvenile animals need to adapt their growth and developmental rates to these fluctuating environmental conditions. Failure to do so can result in impaired maturation and incorrect body size. Here we describe a mechanism by which Drosophila larvae adapt their development in low oxygen (hypoxia). During normal development, larvae grow and increase in mass until they reach critical weight (CW), after which point a neuroendocrine circuit triggers the production of the steroid hormone ecdysone from the prothoracic gland (PG), which promotes maturation to the pupal stage. However, when raised in hypoxia (5% oxygen), larvae slow their growth and delay their maturation to the pupal stage. We find that, although hypoxia delays the attainment of CW, the maturation delay occurs mainly because of hypoxia acting late in development to suppress ecdysone production. This suppression operates through a distinct mechanism from nutrient deprivation, occurs independently of HIF-1 alpha and does not involve dilp8 or modulation of Ptth, the main neuropeptide that initiates ecdysone production in the PG. Instead, we find that hypoxia lowers the expression of the EGF ligand, spitz, and that the delay in maturation occurs due to reduced EGFR/ERK signaling in the PG. Our study sheds light on how animals can adjust their development rate in response to changing oxygen levels in their environment. Given that hypoxia is a feature of both normal physiology and many diseases, our findings have important implications for understanding how low oxygen levels may impact animal development in both normal and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Turingan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tan Li
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenna Wright
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate Ding
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahoon Khan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Savraj S. Grewal
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Dermady APC, DeFazio DL, Hensley EM, Ruiz DL, Chavez AD, Iannone SA, Dermady NM, Grandel LV, Hill AS. Neuronal excitability modulates developmental time of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2024; 508:38-45. [PMID: 38224932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Developmental time is a fundamental life history trait that affects the reproductive success of animals. Developmental time is known to be regulated by many genes and environmental conditions, yet mechanistic understandings of how various cellular processes influence the developmental timing of an organism are lacking. The nervous system is known to control key processes that affect developmental time, including the release of hormones that signal transitions between developmental stages. Here we show that the excitability of neurons plays a crucial role in modulating developmental time. Genetic manipulation of neuronal excitability in Drosophila melanogaster alters developmental time, which is faster in animals with increased neuronal excitability. We find that selectively modulating the excitability of peptidergic neurons is sufficient to alter developmental time, suggesting the intriguing hypothesis that the impact of neuronal excitability on DT may be at least partially mediated by peptidergic regulation of hormone release. This effect of neuronal excitability on developmental time is seen during embryogenesis and later developmental stages. Observed phenotypic plasticity in the effect of genetically increasing neuronal excitability at different temperatures, a condition also known to modulate excitability, suggests there is an optimal level of neuronal excitability, in terms of shortening DT. Together, our data highlight a novel connection between neuronal excitability and developmental time, with broad implications related to organismal physiology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P C Dermady
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dionna L DeFazio
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Hensley
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Ruiz
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Iannone
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Niall M Dermady
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lexis V Grandel
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alexis S Hill
- College of the Holy Cross, Department of Biology, Worcester, MA, USA.
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17
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Yang Z, Deng M, Wang W, Xiao T, Peng H, Huang Z, Lu K. Characterization and functional analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferases reveal their contribution to phytochemical flavone tolerance in Spodoptera litura. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129745. [PMID: 38286378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Efficient detoxification is the key factor for phytophagous insect to adapt to phytochemicals. However, the role of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in insect anti-defense to phytochemical flavone is largely unknown. In this study, 52 UGT genes were identified in Spodoptera litura and they presented evident gene duplication. UGT played a crucial part in larval tolerance to flavone because the enzyme activity and transcriptional level of 77 % UGT members were remarkably upregulated by flavone administration and suppression of UGT enzyme activity and gene expressions significantly increased larval susceptibility to flavone. Bacteria coexpressing UGTs had high survival rates under flavone treatment and flavone was dramatically metabolized by UGT recombinant cells, which indicated the involvement of UGTs in flavone detoxification. What's more, ecdysone pathway was activated by flavone. Topical application of 20-hydroxyecdysone highly upregulated UGT enzyme activity and more than half of UGT expressions. The effects were opposite when ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP)-mediated ecdysone signaling pathway was inhibited. Furtherly, promoter reporter assays of 5 UGT genes showed that their transcription activities were notably increased by cotransfection with EcR and USP. In consequence, this study suggested that UGTs were involved in flavone detoxification and their transcriptional expressions were regulated by ecdysone pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengqing Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haoxue Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zifan Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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18
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Terry D, Schweibenz C, Moberg K. Local ecdysone synthesis in a wounded epithelium sustains developmental delay and promotes regeneration in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581888. [PMID: 38464192 PMCID: PMC10925115 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative ability often declines as animals mature past embryonic and juvenile stages, suggesting that regeneration requires redirection of growth pathways that promote developmental growth. Intriguingly, the Drosophila larval epithelia require the hormone ecdysone (Ec) for growth but require a drop in circulating Ec levels to regenerate. Examining Ec dynamics more closely, we find that transcriptional activity of the Ec-receptor (EcR) drops in uninjured regions of wing discs, but simultaneously rises in cells around the injury-induced blastema. In parallel, blastema depletion of genes encoding Ec biosynthesis enzymes blocks EcR activity and impairs regeneration but has no effect on uninjured wings. We find that local Ec/EcR signaling is required for injury-induced pupariation delay following injury and that key regeneration regulators upd3 and Ets21c respond to Ec levels. Collectively, these data indicate that injury induces a local source of Ec within the wing blastema that sustains a transcriptional signature necessary for developmental delay and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Terry
- Graduate Programs in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Colby Schweibenz
- Graduate Programs in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kenneth Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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19
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Niederhuber MJ, Leatham-Jensen M, McKay DJ. The SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeler constrains enhancer activity during Drosophila wing development. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad196. [PMID: 37949841 PMCID: PMC10847718 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is central to the dynamic changes in gene expression that drive cell fate determination. During development, the sets of enhancers that are accessible for use change globally as cells transition between stages. While transcription factors and nucleosome remodelers are known to work together to control enhancer accessibility, it is unclear how the short stretches of DNA that they individually unmask yield the kilobase-sized accessible regions characteristic of active enhancers. Here, we performed a genetic screen to investigate the role of nucleosome remodelers in control of dynamic enhancer activity. We find that the Drosophila Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting complex, BAP, is required for repression of a temporally dynamic enhancer, brdisc. Contrary to expectations, we find that the BAP-specific subunit Osa is dispensable for mediating changes in chromatin accessibility between the early and late stages of wing development. Instead, we find that Osa is required to constrain the levels of brdisc activity when the enhancer is normally active. Genome-wide profiling reveals that Osa directly binds brdisc as well as thousands of other developmentally dynamic regulatory sites, including multiple genes encoding components and targets of the Notch signaling pathway. Transgenic reporter analyses demonstrate that Osa is required for activation and for constraint of different sets of target enhancers in the same cells. Moreover, Osa loss results in hyperactivation of the Notch ligand Delta and development of ectopic sensory structures patterned by Notch signaling early in development. Together, these findings indicate that proper constraint of enhancer activity is necessary for regulation of dose-dependent developmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Niederhuber
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mary Leatham-Jensen
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel J McKay
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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20
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Scanlan JL, Robin C. Phylogenomics of the Ecdysteroid Kinase-like (EcKL) Gene Family in Insects Highlights Roles in Both Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Detoxification. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae019. [PMID: 38291829 PMCID: PMC10859841 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary dynamics of large gene families can offer important insights into the functions of their individual members. While the ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family has previously been linked to the metabolism of both steroid molting hormones and xenobiotic toxins, the functions of nearly all EcKL genes are unknown, and there is little information on their evolution across all insects. Here, we perform comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on a manually annotated set of EcKL genes from 140 insect genomes, revealing the gene family is comprised of at least 13 subfamilies that differ in retention and stability. Our results show the only two genes known to encode ecdysteroid kinases belong to different subfamilies and therefore ecdysteroid metabolism functions must be spread throughout the EcKL family. We provide comparative phylogenomic evidence that EcKLs are involved in detoxification across insects, with positive associations between family size and dietary chemical complexity, and we also find similar evidence for the cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase gene families. Unexpectedly, we find that the size of the clade containing a known ecdysteroid kinase is positively associated with host plant taxonomic diversity in Lepidoptera, possibly suggesting multiple functional shifts between hormone and xenobiotic metabolism. Our evolutionary analyses provide hypotheses of function and a robust framework for future experimental studies of the EcKL gene family. They also open promising new avenues for exploring the genomic basis of dietary adaptation in insects, including the classically studied coevolution of butterflies with their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Scanlan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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21
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Qian Q, Niwa R. Endocrine Regulation of Aging in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:4-13. [PMID: 38587512 DOI: 10.2108/zs230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed increasing research clarifying the role of endocrine signaling in the regulation of aging in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Studies using the model organism fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have largely advanced our understanding of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in the endocrinology of aging and anti-aging. Mutations in single genes involved in endocrine signaling modify lifespan, as do alterations of endocrine signaling in a tissue- or cell-specific manner, highlighting a central role of endocrine signaling in coordinating the crosstalk between tissues and cells to determine the pace of aging. Here, we review the current landscape of research in D. melanogaster that offers valuable insights into the endocrine-governed mechanisms which influence lifespan and age-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Qian
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan,
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22
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Morrow H, Mirth CK. Timing Drosophila development through steroid hormone action. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 84:102148. [PMID: 38271845 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Specifically timed pulses of the moulting hormone ecdysone are necessary for developmental progression in insects, guiding development through important milestones such as larval moults, pupation and metamorphosis. It also coordinates the acquisition of cell identities, known as cell patterning, and growth in a tissue-specific manner. In the absence of ecdysone, the ecdysone receptor heterodimer Ecdysone Receptor and Ultraspiracle represses expression of target primary response genes, which become de-repressed as the ecdysone titre rises. However, ecdysone signalling elicits both repressive and activating responses in a temporal and tissue-specific manner. To understand how ecdysone achieves such specificity, this review explores the layers of gene regulation involved in stage-appropriate ecdysone responses in Drosophila fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Morrow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3000, Australia
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23
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Lu M, Wei D, Shang J, Li S, Song S, Luo Y, Tang G, Wang C. Suppression of Drosophila antifungal immunity by a parasite effector via blocking GNBP3 and GNBP-like 3, the dual receptors for β-glucans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113642. [PMID: 38175756 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tactics used by animal pathogens to combat host immunity are largely unclear. Here, we report the depiction of the virulence-required effector Tge1 deployed by the entomopathogen Metarhizium robertsii to suppress Drosophila antifungal immunity. Tge1 can target both GNBP3 and GNBP-like 3 (GL3), and the latter can bind to β-glucans like GNBP3, whereas the glucan binding by both receptors can be attenuated by Tge1. As opposed to the surveillance GNBP3, GL3 is inducible in Drosophila depending on the Toll pathway via a positive feedback loop mechanism. Losses of GNBP3 and GL3 genes result in the deregulations of protease cascade, Spätzle maturation, and antimicrobial gene expressions in Drosophila upon fungal challenges. Fly survival assays confirm that GL3 plays a more essential role than GNBP3 in combating fungal infections. In addition to evidencing the gene-for-gene interactions between fungi and insects, our data advance insights into Drosophila antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuangxiu Song
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guirong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Zhang S, Wu S, Yao R, Wei X, Ohlstein B, Guo Z. Eclosion muscles secrete ecdysteroids to initiate asymmetric intestinal stem cell division in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:125-140.e12. [PMID: 38096823 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During organ development, tissue stem cells first expand via symmetric divisions and then switch to asymmetric divisions to minimize the time to obtain a mature tissue. In the Drosophila midgut, intestinal stem cells switch their divisions from symmetric to asymmetric at midpupal development to produce enteroendocrine cells. However, the signals that initiate this switch are unknown. Here, we identify the signal as ecdysteroids. In the presence of ecdysone, EcR and Usp promote the expression of E93 to suppress Br expression, resulting in asymmetric divisions. Surprisingly, the primary source of pupal ecdysone is not from the prothoracic gland but from dorsal internal oblique muscles (DIOMs), a group of transient skeletal muscles that are required for eclosion. Genetic analysis shows that DIOMs secrete ecdysteroids during mTOR-mediated muscle remodeling. Our findings identify sequential endocrine and mechanical roles for skeletal muscle, which ensure the timely asymmetric divisions of intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruining Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xueying Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Benjamin Ohlstein
- Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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25
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Berg C, Sieber M, Sun J. Finishing the egg. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad183. [PMID: 38000906 PMCID: PMC10763546 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamete development is a fundamental process that is highly conserved from early eukaryotes to mammals. As germ cells develop, they must coordinate a dynamic series of cellular processes that support growth, cell specification, patterning, the loading of maternal factors (RNAs, proteins, and nutrients), differentiation of structures to enable fertilization and ensure embryonic survival, and other processes that make a functional oocyte. To achieve these goals, germ cells integrate a complex milieu of environmental and developmental signals to produce fertilizable eggs. Over the past 50 years, Drosophila oogenesis has risen to the forefront as a system to interrogate the sophisticated mechanisms that drive oocyte development. Studies in Drosophila have defined mechanisms in germ cells that control meiosis, protect genome integrity, facilitate mRNA trafficking, and support the maternal loading of nutrients. Work in this system has provided key insights into the mechanisms that establish egg chamber polarity and patterning as well as the mechanisms that drive ovulation and egg activation. Using the power of Drosophila genetics, the field has begun to define the molecular mechanisms that coordinate environmental stresses and nutrient availability with oocyte development. Importantly, the majority of these reproductive mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, and many play critical roles in the development of somatic tissues as well. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in several key areas that impact egg chamber development and ovulation. First, we discuss the mechanisms that drive nutrient storage and trafficking during oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. Second, we examine the processes that regulate follicle cell patterning and how that patterning impacts the construction of the egg shell and the establishment of embryonic polarity. Finally, we examine regulatory factors that control ovulation, egg activation, and successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5065USA
| | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269USA
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26
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Li Z, Wang L, Yi T, Liu D, Li G, Jin DC. The nuclear receptor gene E75 plays a key role in regulating the molting process of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:1-11. [PMID: 38112881 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor gene Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), as the component of ecdysone response genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, has important regulatory function for insect molting. However, the regulatory function of E75 during the molting process of spider mites is not yet clear. In this study, the expression pattern of E75 in the molting process of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was analyzed. The results showed that there was a peak at 8 h post-molting, followed by a decline 8 h after entering each respective quiescent stage across various developmental stages. During the deutonymph stage, the expression dynamics of E75, observed at 4-h intervals, indicated that the transcript levels of TuE75 peaked at 24 h, coinciding with the onset of molting in the mites. To investigate the function of TuE75 during the molting process, silencing TuE75 through dsRNA injection into deutonymph mites at the age of 8 h yielded a notable outcome: 78% of the deutonymph mites were unable to progress to the adult stage. Among these phenotypic mites, 37% were incapable of transitioning into the quiescent state and eventually succumbed after a certain period. An additional 41% of the mites successfully entered the quiescent state but encountered difficulties in shedding the old epidermis, leading to eventual mortality. In summary, these results suggested that TuE75 plays a key role in the molting process of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Martin-Folgar R, Sabroso C, Cañas-Portilla AI, Torres-Ruíz M, González-Caballero MC, Dorado H, Velasco I, Morales M. DNA damage and molecular level effects induced by polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (NPs) after Chironomus riparius (Diptera) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140552. [PMID: 37914044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyzed the early molecular effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (NPs) on an aquatic primary consumer (larvae of Chironomus riparius, Diptera) to evaluate their potential DNA damage and the transcriptional response of different genes related to cellular and oxidative stress, endocrine response, developmental, oxygen transport, and immune response. After 24-h exposures of larvae to doses of PS NPs close to those currently found in the environment, the results revealed a large genotoxic effect. This end was evidenced after significant increases in DNA strand breaks of C. riparius larvae quantified by the comet assay, together with results obtained when analyzing the expression of four genes involved in DNA repair (xrrc1, ATM, DECAY and NLK) and which were reduced in the presence of these nanomaterials. Consequently, this reduction trend is likely to prevent the repair of DNA damage caused by PS NPs. In addition, the same tendency to reduce the expression of genes involved in cellular stress, oxidative stress, ecdysone pathway, development, and oxygen transport was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that PS NPs reduce the expression of hormonal target genes and a developmental gene. We show, for the first time, effects of PS NPs on the endocrine system of C. riparius and suggest a possible mechanism of blocking ecdysteroid hormones in insects. Moreover, the NPs were able to inhibit the expression of hemoglobin (Hb C), a protein involved in oxygen transport, and activate a gene of the humoral immune system. These data reveal for the first time the genomic effects of PS NPs in the aquatic invertebrate C. riparius, at the base of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Celia Sabroso
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruíz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González-Caballero
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Helena Dorado
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ignacio Velasco
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta s/n Las Rozas, (Madrid), Spain.
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28
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Zhang B, Duan H, Kavaler J, Wei L, Eberl DF, Lai EC. A nonneural miRNA cluster mediates hearing via repression of two neural targets. Genes Dev 2023; 37:1041-1051. [PMID: 38110249 PMCID: PMC10760640 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351052.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
We show here that mir-279/996 are absolutely essential for development and function of Johnston's organ (JO), the primary proprioceptive and auditory organ in Drosophila Their deletion results in highly aberrant cell fate determination, including loss of scolopale cells and ectopic neurons, and mutants are electrophysiologically deaf. In vivo activity sensors and mosaic analyses indicate that these seed-related miRNAs function autonomously to suppress neural fate in nonneuronal cells. Finally, genetic interactions pinpoint two neural targets (elav and insensible) that underlie miRNA mutant JO phenotypes. This work uncovers how critical post-transcriptional regulation of specific miRNA targets governs cell specification and function of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglong Zhang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hong Duan
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Kavaler
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, USA
| | - Lu Wei
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Daniel F Eberl
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Eric C Lai
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA;
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29
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Peng M, Wang G, Zhu S. Cold-stored mulberry leaves affect antioxidant system and silk proteins of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larva. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7673-7682. [PMID: 37431698 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage has been widely used to maintain the quality of vegetables, but whether eating cold-stored vegetables affects health remains unknown. RESULTS This study used silkworms as an animal model to evaluate the effects of nutrient changes in cold-stored mulberry leaves (CSML) on health. Compared with fresh mulberry leaves (FML), CSML contained lower vitamin C, soluble sugars and proteins, and higher H2 O2 , suggesting decreased antioxidant ability and nutrition. The CSML did not obviously affect larval survival rate, body weight or dry matter rate, cocoon shape, weight and size, or final rates of cluster and cocooning relative to the FML, suggesting CSML did not alter overall growth and development. However, the CSML increased the initial rates of cluster and cocooning and upregulated BmRpd3, suggesting CSML shortened larval lifespan and enhanced senescence. CSML upregulated BmNOX4, downregulated BmCAT, BmSOD and BmGSH-Px and increased H2 O2 in silkworms, suggesting CSML caused oxidative stress. CSML upregulated ecdysone biosynthesis and inactivation genes and elevated ecdysone concentration in silkworms, suggesting that CSML affected hormone homeostasis. CSML upregulated apoptosis-related genes, downregulated sericin and silk fibroin genes and decreased sericin content rate in silkworms, suggesting oxidative stress and protein deficiency. CONCLUSION Cold storage reduced nutrition and antioxidant capability of mulberry leaves. CSML did not influence growth and development of silkworm larva, but affected health by causing oxidative stress and reducing protein synthesis. The findings show that the ingredient changes in CSML had negative effects on health of silkworms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Liu F, Yu S, Chen N, Ren C, Li S. Nutrition- and hormone-controlled developmental plasticity in Blattodea. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101128. [PMID: 37806339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Blattodea, which includes cockroaches and termites, possesses high developmental plasticity that is mainly controlled by nutritional conditions and insect hormones. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein complex are the three primary nutrition-responsive signals. Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) constitute the two most vital insect hormones that might interact with each other through the Met, Kr-h1, E93 (MEKRE93) pathway. Nutritional and hormonal signals interconnect to create a complex regulatory network. Here we summarize recent progress in our understanding of how nutritional and hormonal signals coordinately control the developmental plasticity of metamorphosis, reproduction, and appendage regeneration in cockroaches as well as caste differentiation in termites. We also highlight several perspectives that should be further emphasized in the studies of developmental plasticity in Blattodea. This review provides a general landscape in the field of nutrition- and hormone-controlled developmental plasticity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Shuxin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China.
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31
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Bordet G, Bamgbose G, Tulin AV. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes coordinate changes in the expression of metabolic genes with developmental progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20320. [PMID: 37985852 PMCID: PMC10661653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism, known to be temporally regulated to meet evolving energy demands, plays a crucial role in shaping developmental pace. Recent studies have demonstrated that two key proteins PARP1 and PARG play a regulatory role in the transcription of both morphogenic and metabolic genes. Intriguingly, in Drosophila, the depletion of PARP1 or PARG proteins causes a developmental arrest before pupation, resulting in individuals unable to complete their development. This phenotype highlights the critical involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes in regulating the metamorphic process. In this study, we provide compelling evidence that these enzymes intricately coordinate transcriptional changes in both developmental and metabolic pathways during metamorphosis. Specifically, they promote the expression of genes crucial for pupation, while simultaneously negatively regulating the expression of metabolic genes before the transition to the pupal stage. Additionally, these enzymes suppress the expression of genes that are no longer required during this transformative period. Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes, developmental processes, and metabolic regulation before metamorphosis and highlight a new role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes in the global regulation of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bordet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Stop 9061, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Gbolahan Bamgbose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Stop 9061, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Alexei V Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Stop 9061, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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Gong ZX, Cheng FP, Xu JN, Yan WY, Wang ZL. The Juvenile-Hormone-Responsive Factor AmKr-h1 Regulates Caste Differentiation in Honey Bees. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1657. [PMID: 38002339 PMCID: PMC10669509 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are typical model organisms for the study of caste differentiation, and the juvenile hormone (JH) is a crucial link in the regulatory network of caste differentiation in honey bees. To investigate the mechanism of JH-mediated caste differentiation, we analyzed the effect of the JH response gene AmKr-h1 on this process. We observed that AmKr-h1 expression levels were significantly higher in queen larvae than in worker larvae at the 48 h, 84 h, and 120 h larval stages, and were regulated by JH. Inhibiting AmKr-h1 expression in honey bee larvae using RNAi could lead to the development of larvae toward workers. We also analyzed the transcriptome changes in honey bee larvae after AmKr-h1 RNAi and identified 191 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 682 differentially expressed alternative splicing events (DEASEs); of these, many were related to honey bee caste differentiation. Our results indicate that AmKr-h1 regulates caste differentiation in honey bees by acting as a JH-responsive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xian Gong
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fu-Ping Cheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei-Yu Yan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
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33
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Sriskanthadevan-Pirahas S, Tinwala AQ, Turingan MJ, Khan S, Grewal SS. Mitochondrial metabolism in Drosophila macrophage-like cells regulates body growth via modulation of cytokine and insulin signaling. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059968. [PMID: 37850733 PMCID: PMC10695174 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in regulating and maintaining tissue and whole-body metabolism in normal and disease states. While the cell-cell signaling pathways that underlie these functions are becoming clear, less is known about how alterations in macrophage metabolism influence their roles as regulators of systemic physiology. Here, we investigate this by examining Drosophila macrophage-like cells called hemocytes. We used knockdown of TFAM, a mitochondrial genome transcription factor, to reduce mitochondrial OxPhos activity specifically in larval hemocytes. We find that this reduction in hemocyte OxPhos leads to a decrease in larval growth and body size. These effects are associated with a suppression of systemic insulin, the main endocrine stimulator of body growth. We also find that TFAM knockdown leads to decreased hemocyte JNK signaling and decreased expression of the TNF alpha homolog, Eiger in hemocytes. Furthermore, we show that genetic knockdown of hemocyte JNK signaling or Eiger expression mimics the effects of TFAM knockdown and leads to a non-autonomous suppression of body size without altering hemocyte numbers. Our data suggest that modulation of hemocyte mitochondrial metabolism can determine their non-autonomous effects on organismal growth by altering cytokine and systemic insulin signaling. Given that nutrient availability can control mitochondrial metabolism, our findings may explain how macrophages function as nutrient-responsive regulators of tissue and whole-body physiology and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivani Sriskanthadevan-Pirahas
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Abdul Qadeer Tinwala
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael J. Turingan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shahoon Khan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Savraj S. Grewal
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Chafino S, Salvia R, Cruz J, Martín D, Franch-Marro X. TGFß/activin-dependent activation of Torso controls the timing of the metamorphic transition in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010897. [PMID: 38011268 PMCID: PMC10703416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms governing body size attainment during animal development is of paramount importance in biology. In insects, a crucial phase in determining body size occurs at the larva-pupa transition, marking the end of the larval growth period. Central to this process is the attainment of the threshold size (TS), a critical developmental checkpoint that must be reached before the larva can undergo metamorphosis. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which the TS orchestrates this transition remain poor understood. In this study, we investigate the role of the interaction between the Torso and TGFß/activin signaling pathways in regulating metamorphic timing in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Our results show that Torso signaling is required specifically during the last larval instar and that its activation is mediated not only by the prothoracicotropic hormone (Tc-Ptth) but also by Trunk (Tc-Trk), another ligand of the Tc-Torso receptor. Interestingly, we show that while Tc-Torso activation by Tc-Ptth determines the onset of metamorphosis, Tc-Trk promotes growth during the last larval stage. In addition, we found that the expression of Tc-torso correlates with the attainment of the TS and the decay of juvenile hormone (JH) levels, at the onset of the last larval instar. Notably, our data reveal that activation of TGFß/activin signaling pathway at the TS is responsible for repressing the JH synthesis and inducing Tc-torso expression, initiating metamorphosis. Altogether, these findings shed light on the pivotal involvement of the Ptth/Trunk/Torso and TGFß/activin signaling pathways as critical regulatory components orchestrating the TS-driven metamorphic initiation, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying body size determination in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Chafino
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Salvia
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josefa Cruz
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Franch-Marro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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35
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Pino-Jiménez B, Giannios P, Casanova J. Polyploidy-associated autophagy promotes larval tracheal histolysis at Drosophila metamorphosis. Autophagy 2023; 19:2972-2981. [PMID: 37424089 PMCID: PMC10549192 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2231828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is an extended phenomenon in biology. However, its physiological significance and whether it defines specific cell behaviors is not well understood. Here we study its connection to macroautophagy/autophagy, using the larval respiratory system of Drosophila as a model. This system comprises cells with the same function yet with notably different ploidy status, namely diploid progenitors and their polyploid larval counterparts, the latter destined to die during metamorphosis. We identified an association between polyploidy and autophagy and found that higher endoreplication status correlates with elevated autophagy. Finally, we report that tissue histolysis in the trachea during Drosophila metamorphosis is mediated by autophagy, which triggers the apoptosis of polyploid cells.Abbreviations: APF: after pupa formation; Atg: autophagy related; btl: breathless; CycE: Cyclin E; DT: dorsal trunk; fzr: fizzy-related; L3: larval stage 3; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; RI: RNAi; Tr: tracheal metamere; yki: yorkie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pino-Jiménez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Giannios
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Wani AR, Chowdhury B, Luong J, Chaya GM, Patel K, Isaacman-Beck J, Shafer O, Kayser MS, Syed MH. Stem cell-specific ecdysone signaling regulates the development and function of a Drosophila sleep homeostat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560022. [PMID: 37873323 PMCID: PMC10592846 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex behaviors arise from neural circuits that are assembled from diverse cell types. Sleep is a conserved and essential behavior, yet little is known regarding how the nervous system generates neuron types of the sleep-wake circuit. Here, we focus on the specification of Drosophila sleep-promoting neurons-long-field tangential input neurons that project to the dorsal layers of the fan-shaped body neuropil in the central complex (CX). We use lineage analysis and genetic birth dating to identify two bilateral Type II neural stem cells that generate these dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) neurons. We show that adult dFB neurons express Ecdysone-induced protein E93, and loss of Ecdysone signaling or E93 in Type II NSCs results in the misspecification of the adult dFB neurons. Finally, we show that E93 knockdown in Type II NSCs affects adult sleep behavior. Our results provide insight into how extrinsic hormonal signaling acts on NSCs to generate neuronal diversity required for adult sleep behavior. These findings suggest that some adult sleep disorders might derive from defects in stem cell-specific temporal neurodevelopmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil R Wani
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Budhaditya Chowdhury
- The Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jenny Luong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gonzalo Morales Chaya
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Orie Shafer
- The Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Matthew S. Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Chronobiology Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mubarak Hussain Syed
- Neural Diversity Lab, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd Ne, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Liu S, Fu B, Zhang C, He C, Gong P, Huang M, Du T, Liang J, Wei X, Yang J, Yin C, Ji Y, Xue H, Hu J, Wang C, Zhang R, Du H, Yang X, Zhang Y. 20E biosynthesis gene CYP306A1 confers resistance to imidacloprid in the nymph stage of Bemisia tabaci by detoxification metabolism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3883-3892. [PMID: 37226658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difference in physiology level between the immature and mature stages of insects likely contribute to different mechanisms of insecticide resistance. It is well acknowledged that insect 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays an important role in many biological processes in the immature stage, whether 20E confers insecticide resistance at this specific stage is still poorly understood. By gene cloning, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, RNA interference (RNAi) and in vitro metabolism experiments, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of 20E-related genes in conferring imidacloprid (IMD) resistance in the immature stage of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean. RESULTS After identification of low to moderate IMD resistance in the whitefly, we found CYP306A1 of the six 20E-related genes was overexpressed in the nymph stage of the three resistant strains compared to a laboratory reference susceptible strain, but not in the adult stage. Further exposure to IMD resulted in an increase in CYP306A1 expression in the nymph stage. These results together imply that CYP306A1 may be implicated in IMD resistance in the nymph stage of the whitefly. RNAi knockdown of CYP306A1 increased the mortality of nymphs after treatment with IMD in bioassay, suggesting a pivotal role of CYP306A1 in conferring IMD resistance in the nymph stage. Additionally, our metabolism experiments in vivo showed that the content of IMD reduced by 20% along with cytochrome P450 reductase and heterologously expressed CYP306A1, which provides additional evidence for the important function of CYP306A1 in metabolizing IMD that leads to the resistance. CONCLUSION This study uncovers a novel function of the 20E biosynthesis gene CYP306A1 in metabolizing imidacloprid, thus contributing to such resistance in the immature stage of the insect. These findings not only advance our understanding of 20E-mediated insecticide resistance, but also provide a new target for sustainable pest control of global insect pests such as whitefly. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Liu
- College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Technology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Ji
- College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Du
- College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Juarez-Carreño S, Geissmann F. The macrophage genetic cassette inr/dtor/pvf2 is a nutritional status checkpoint for developmental timing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0589. [PMID: 37729406 PMCID: PMC10511196 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A small number of signaling molecules, used reiteratively, control differentiation programs, but the mechanisms that adapt developmental timing to environmental cues are less understood. We report here that a macrophage inr/dtor/pvf2 genetic cassette is a developmental timing checkpoint in Drosophila, which either licenses or delays biosynthesis of the steroid hormone in the endocrine gland and metamorphosis according to the larval nutritional status. Insulin receptor/dTor signaling in macrophages is required and sufficient for production of the PDGF/VEGF family growth factor Pvf2, which turns on transcription of the sterol biosynthesis Halloween genes in the prothoracic gland via its receptor Pvr. In response to a starvation event or genetic manipulation, low Pvf2 signal delays steroid biosynthesis until it becomes Pvr-independent, thereby prolonging larval growth before pupariation. The significance of this developmental timing checkpoint for host fitness is illustrated by the observation that it regulates the size of the pupae and adult flies.
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Yu J, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu B. 20-hydroxyecdysone Upregulates Ecdysone Receptor (ECR) Gene to Promote Pupation in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera Ligustica. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:288-303. [PMID: 37365683 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterodimeric complex of two nuclear receptors, the ecdysone receptor (ECR) and ultraspiracle (USP), transduces 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling to modulate insect growth and development. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between ECR and 20E during larval metamorphosis and also the specific roles of ECR during larval-adult transition in Apis mellifera. We found that ECR gene expression peaked in the 7-day-old larvae, then decreased gradually from the pupae stage. 20E slowly reduced food consumption and then induced starvation, resulting in small-sized adults. In addition, 20E induced ECR expression to regulate larval development time. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were prepared using common dsECR as templates. After dsECR injection, larval transition to the pupal stage was delayed, and 80% of the larvae showed prolonged pupation beyond 18 h. Moreover, the mRNA levels of shd, sro, nvd, and spo, and ecdysteroid titers were significantly decreased in ECR RNAi larvae compared with those in GFP RNAi control larvae. ECR RNAi disrupted 20E signaling during larval metamorphosis. We performed rescuing experiments by injecting 20E in ECR RNAi larvae and found that the mRNA levels of ECR, USP, E75, E93, and Br-c were not restored. 20E induced apoptosis in the fat body during larval pupation, while RNAi knockdown of ECR genes reduced apoptosis. We concluded that 20E induced ECR to modulate 20E signaling to promote honeybee pupation. These results assist our understanding of the complicated molecular mechanisms of insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
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40
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Henmi S, Sueyoshi A, Ono H, Yamazaki T, Inoue K, Shiotsuki T. Insect growth-regulating activity of 1-benzyl-2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives on silkworms. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2023; 48:99-106. [PMID: 37745173 PMCID: PMC10513952 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of 1-benzyl-2-methylbenzimidazoles (BMBIs) were synthesized to evaluate their biological activities against Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model insect. Synthesized BMBIs exhibited two different biological activities: inhibition of development and acute lethality. From a structural perspective, the activity varied with the position of the substitutions on the 1-benzyl moiety; BMBIs with substitutions on the 2 and/or 4 positions had comparatively high activity in comparison with those with substitutions on the 3-position. There was more activity for the inhibition of development with low doses, and more for acute lethality with high doses. The activity was also affected by the applied stage, that is, application in the 4th instar mostly interfered the larval molting or pupation, whereas that in the 3rd instar caused more acute mortality. Taken together, these results suggest that BMBIs have multiple modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Henmi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University
| | - Ayumu Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University
| | - Hiroshi Ono
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Toshimasa Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Konatsu Inoue
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University
| | - Takahiro Shiotsuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University
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Malhotra P, Basu S. The Intricate Role of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Signaling in Insect Development and Reproductive Regulation. INSECTS 2023; 14:711. [PMID: 37623421 PMCID: PMC10455322 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect growth is interrupted by molts, during which the insect develops a new exoskeleton. The exoskeleton confers protection and undergoes shedding between each developmental stage through an evolutionarily conserved and ordered sequence of behaviors, collectively referred to as ecdysis. Ecdysis is triggered by Ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) synthesized and secreted from peripheral Inka cells on the tracheal surface and plays a vital role in the orchestration of ecdysis in insects and possibly in other arthropod species. ETH synthesized by Inka cells then binds to ETH receptor (ETHR) present on the peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to facilitate synthesis of various other neuropeptides involved in ecdysis. The mechanism of ETH function on ecdysis has been well investigated in holometabolous insects such as moths Manduca sexta and Bombyx mori, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and beetle Tribolium castaneum etc. In contrast, very little information is available about the role of ETH in sequential and gradual growth and developmental changes associated with ecdysis in hemimetabolous insects. Recent studies have identified ETH precursors and characterized functional and biochemical features of ETH and ETHR in a hemimetabolous insect, desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Recently, the role of ETH in Juvenile hormone (JH) mediated courtship short-term memory (STM) retention and long-term courtship memory regulation and retention have also been investigated in adult male Drosophila. Our review provides a novel synthesis of ETH signaling cascades and responses in various insects triggering diverse functions in adults and juvenile insects including their development and reproductive regulation and might allow researchers to develop sustainable pest management strategies by identifying novel compounds and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
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42
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Wen D, Chen Z, Wen J, Jia Q. Sterol Regulation of Development and 20-Hydroxyecdysone Biosynthetic and Signaling Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2023; 12:1739. [PMID: 37443773 PMCID: PMC10340181 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are crucial in regulating the growth and development of insects. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, both C27 and C28 ecdysteroids have been identified. While the biosynthetic pathway of the C27 ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) from cholesterol is relatively well understood, the biosynthetic pathway of C28 ecdysteroids from C28 or C29 dietary sterols remains unknown. In this study, we found that different dietary sterols (including the C27 sterols cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol, the C28 sterols brassicasterol, campesterol, and ergosterol, and the C29 sterols β-sitosterol, α-spinasterol, and stigmasterol) differentially affected the expression of 20E biosynthetic genes to varying degrees, but similarly activated 20E primary response gene expression in D. melanogaster Kc cells. We also found that a single dietary sterol was sufficient to support D. melanogaster growth and development. Furthermore, the expression levels of some 20E biosynthetic genes were significantly altered, whereas the expression of 20E signaling primary response genes remained unaffected when flies were reared on lipid-depleted diets supplemented with single sterol types. Overall, our study provided preliminary clues to suggest that the same enzymatic system responsible for the classical C27 ecdysteroid 20E biosynthetic pathway also participated in the conversion of C28 and C29 dietary sterols into C28 ecdysteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
| | - Jiamin Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
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43
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Force E, Couzi P, Dacher M, Debernard S. Diet Impacts the Reproductive System's Maturation in the Male Moth Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 148:104532. [PMID: 37353192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In male moth Agrotis ipsilon, sexual maturation occurs between the third and the fifth day of adult life and is characterized by the development of the reproductive organs such as testes and accessory sex glands. Since sexual maturation requires considerable energy investment, we hypothesized that diet would be an essential regulatory factor in this developmental process. Indeed, the links between the male diet and reproductive physiology have not been described as in females. To test the previous hypothesis, we offered male moths diets corresponding to different flower nectars found in nature, and measured morphological and functional changes in the testes and accessory sex glands. In comparison to a diet composed of sucrose only, males fed with a diet composed of diverse sugars, including glucose, supplemented with sodium led to an earlier increase in the length and the protein content of accessory sex glands, as well as a reduction of the testicular volume accompanied by an acceleration of the sperm bundle transfer from the testes to the duplex. These results show that these specific diets accelerate the maturation of the reproductive system in male moth Agrotis ipsilon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Force
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Couzi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Hamid A, Gutierrez A, Munroe J, Syed MH. The Drivers of Diversity: Integrated genetic and hormonal cues regulate neural diversity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 142:23-35. [PMID: 35915026 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper functioning of the nervous system relies not only on the generation of a vast repertoire of distinct neural cell types but also on the precise neural circuitry within them. How the generation of highly diverse neural populations is regulated during development remains a topic of interest. Landmark studies in Drosophila have identified the genetic and temporal cues regulating neural diversity and thus have provided valuable insights into our understanding of temporal patterning of the central nervous system. The development of the Drosophila central complex, which is mostly derived from type II neural stem cell (NSC) lineages, showcases how a small pool of NSCs can give rise to vast and distinct progeny. Similar to the human outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) neural progenitors, type II NSCs generate intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) to expand and diversify lineages that populate higher brain centers. Each type II NSC has a distinct spatial identity and timely regulated expression of many transcription factors and mRNA binding proteins. Additionally, INPs derived from them show differential expression of genes depending on their birth order. Together type II NSCs and INPs display a combinatorial temporal patterning that expands neural diversity of the central brain lineages. We cover advances in current understanding of type II NSC temporal patterning and discuss similarities and differences in temporal patterning mechanisms of various NSCs with a focus on how cell-intrinsic and extrinsic hormonal cues regulate temporal transitions in NSCs during larval development. Cell extrinsic ligands activate conserved signaling pathways and extrinsic hormonal cues act as a temporal switch that regulate temporal progression of the NSCs. We conclude by elaborating on how a progenitor's temporal code regulates the fate specification and identity of distinct neural types. At the end, we also discuss open questions in linking developmental cues to neural identity, circuits, and underlying behaviors in the adult fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamid
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87113, USA
| | - Andrew Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87113, USA
| | - Jordan Munroe
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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45
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Abstract
Endocrine signaling networks control diverse biological processes and life history traits across metazoans. In both invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, steroid hormones regulate immune system function in response to intrinsic and environmental stimuli, such as microbial infection. The mechanisms of this endocrine-immune regulation are complex and constitute an ongoing research endeavor facilitated by genetically tractable animal models. The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the major steroid hormone in arthropods, primarily studied for its essential role in mediating developmental transitions and metamorphosis; 20E also modulates innate immunity in a variety of insect taxa. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of 20E-mediated innate immune responses. The prevalence of correlations between 20E-driven developmental transitions and innate immune activation are summarized across a range of holometabolous insects. Subsequent discussion focuses on studies conducted using the extensive genetic resources available in Drosophila that have begun to reveal the mechanisms underlying 20E regulation of immunity in the contexts of both development and bacterial infection. Lastly, I propose directions for future research into 20E regulation of immunity that will advance our knowledge of how interactive endocrine networks coordinate animals' physiological responses to environmental microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Keith
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Vengatharajuloo V, Goh HH, Hassan M, Govender N, Sulaiman S, Afiqah-Aleng N, Harun S, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Genes in Metisa plana Hormone Pathways. INSECTS 2023; 14:503. [PMID: 37367319 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a major oil palm pest species distributed across Southeast Asia. M. plana outbreaks are regarded as serious ongoing threats to the oil palm industry due to their ability to significantly reduce fruit yield and subsequent productivity. Currently, conventional pesticide overuses may harm non-target organisms and severely pollute the environment. This study aims to identify key regulatory genes involved in hormone pathways during the third instar larvae stage of M. plana gene co-expression network analysis. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the M. plana transcriptomes to construct a gene co-expression network. The transcriptome datasets were obtained from different development stages of M. plana, i.e., egg, third instar larvae, pupa, and adult. The network was clustered using the DPClusO algorithm and validated using Fisher's exact test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The clustering analysis was performed on the network and 20 potential regulatory genes (such as MTA1-like, Nub, Grn, and Usp) were identified from ten top-most significant clusters. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify hormone signalling pathways and these pathways were identified, i.e., hormone-mediated signalling, steroid hormone-mediated signalling, and intracellular steroid hormone receptor signalling as well as six regulatory genes Hnf4, Hr4, MED14, Usp, Tai, and Trr. These key regulatory genes have a potential as important targets in future upstream applications and validation studies in the development of biorational pesticides against M. plana and the RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Govender
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Sulaiman
- FGV R&D Sdn Bhd, FGV Innovation Center, PT23417 Lengkuk Teknologi, Bandar Baru Enstek, Nilai 71760, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sarahani Harun
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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O’Neal A, Singh N, Rolandelli A, Laukaitis HJ, Wang X, Shaw D, Young B, Narasimhan S, Dutta S, Snyder G, Samaddar S, Marnin L, Butler L, Mendes M, Cabrera Paz F, Valencia L, Sundberg E, Fikrig E, Pal U, Weber D, Pedra J. Croquemort elicits activation of the immune deficiency pathway in ticks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208673120. [PMID: 37155900 PMCID: PMC10193931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208673120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune deficiency (IMD) pathway directs host defense in arthropods upon bacterial infection. In Pancrustacea, peptidoglycan recognition proteins sense microbial moieties and initiate nuclear factor-κB-driven immune responses. Proteins that elicit the IMD pathway in non-insect arthropods remain elusive. Here, we show that an Ixodes scapularis homolog of croquemort (Crq), a CD36-like protein, promotes activation of the tick IMD pathway. Crq exhibits plasma membrane localization and binds the lipid agonist 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol. Crq regulates the IMD and jun N-terminal kinase signaling cascades and limits the acquisition of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi. Additionally, nymphs silenced for crq display impaired feeding and delayed molting to adulthood due to a deficiency in ecdysteroid synthesis. Collectively, we establish a distinct mechanism for arthropod immunity outside of insects and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya J. O’Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Hanna J. Laukaitis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Dana K. Shaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164
| | - Brianna D. Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Sukanya Narasimhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Shraboni Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Greg A. Snyder
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Sourabh Samaddar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Liron Marnin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - L. Rainer Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - M. Tays Mendes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Francy E. Cabrera Paz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Luisa M. Valencia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Eric J. Sundberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - David J. Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joao H. F. Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
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48
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Chen YH, Jiang T, Yasen A, Fan BY, Zhu J, Wang MX, Qian P, Shen XJ. m 6A-dependent mevalonate kinase in juvenile hormone synthesis pathway regulates the diapause process of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5295-5306. [PMID: 37148414 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that epigenetic modification are involved the regulation of diapause in bivoltine silkworms (Bombyx mori), but it remains unclear how epigenetic modification in response to environmental signals precisely to regulate the diapause processing of bivoltine B. mori. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the diapause terminated eggs of bivoltine B. mori, Qiufeng (QF) were divided into two groups: a QFHT group incubated at 25 °C with a natural day/night cycle to produce diapause eggs, and a QFLT group incubated at 16.5 °C in darkness to produce non-diapause eggs. On the 3rd day of the pupal stage, the total RNAs of the eggs were extracted and their N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) abundances were analyzed to explore the effects of m6A methylation on diapause in the silkworm. The results showed that 1984 m6A peaks are shared, 1563 in QFLT and 659 in QFHT. The m6A methylation level of the QFLT group was higher than that of the QFHT one in various signaling pathways. The m6A methylation rate of mevalonate kinase (MK) in the insect hormone synthesis pathway was significantly different between the two groups. The knockdown of MK by RNA interference in the pupae of QFLT resulted in females laying diapause eggs rather than non-diapause eggs after mating. CONCLUSIONS m6A methylation involves in the diapause regulation of bivoltine B. mori by changing the expression levels of MK. This result provides a clearer image of the environmental signals on the regulation of diapause in bivoltine silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ayinuer Yasen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Yan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Xian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Jia Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, Jiangsu, China.
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49
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Ma M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lu S, Pan X, Mao X, Pan H, Chung HL, Wang H, Guo H, Bellen HJ. The fly homolog of SUPT16H, a gene associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, is required in a cell-autonomous fashion for cell survival. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:984-997. [PMID: 36255738 PMCID: PMC9991001 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUPT16H encodes the large subunit of the FAcilitate Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex, which functions as a nucleosome organizer during transcription. We identified two individuals from unrelated families carrying de novo missense variants in SUPT16H. The probands exhibit global developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism and brain structural abnormalities. We used Drosophila to characterize two variants: p.T171I and p.G808R. Loss of the fly ortholog, dre4, causes lethality at an early developmental stage. RNAi-mediated knockdown of dre4 in either glia or neurons causes severely reduced eclosion and longevity. Tissue-specific knockdown of dre4 in the eye or wing leads to the loss of these tissues, whereas overexpression of SUPT16H has no dominant effect. Moreover, expression of the reference SUPT16H significantly rescues the loss-of-function phenotypes in the nervous system as well as wing and eye. In contrast, expression of SUPT16H p.T171I or p.G808R rescues the phenotypes poorly, indicating that the variants are partial loss-of-function alleles. While previous studies argued that the developmental arrest caused by loss of dre4 is due to impaired ecdysone production in the prothoracic gland, our data show that dre4 is required for proper cell growth and survival in multiple tissues in a cell-autonomous manner. Altogether, our data indicate that the de novo loss-of-function variants in SUPT16H are indeed associated with developmental and neurological defects observed in the probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao Mao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongling Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyung-lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Song Z, Tang L, Liu Z, Wu D. Low GSK3β activity is required for insect diapause through responding to ROS/AKT signaling and down-regulation of Smad1/EcR/HR3 cascade. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 154:103909. [PMID: 36693452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) plays important roles in gene transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, development, and signal transduction. However, its role in the regulation of pupal diapause remains unclear. In this paper, we find that low GSK3β activity in brains of diapause-destined pupae of Helicoverpa armigera is caused by elevated AKT activity. In response to ROS, AKT phosphorylates GSK3β to decrease its activity. In developing pupal brains, GSK3β can activate the transcription factor Smad1, which binds to the promoter region of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene and increases its expression. In the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), EcR can bind to USP and increase the expression of 20E-response genes, including HR3, for pupal-adult development. In contrast, high levels of ROS in brains of diapause-destined pupae up-regulate p-AKT, which in turn decreases GSK3β activity. Low GSK3β activity causes low expression of EcR/HR3 via down-regulation of Smad1 activity, leading to diapause initiation. These results suggest that low GSK3β activity plays a key role in pupal diapause via ROS/AKT/GSK3β/Smad/EcR/HR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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