1
|
Lawson ME, Hoffman A, Wellik IG, Thompson JS, Stamm J, Rele CP. Gene model for the ortholog of Myc in Drosophila eugracilis. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.000912. [PMID: 39157808 PMCID: PMC11330573 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Gene model for the ortholog of Myc ( Myc ) in the D. eugracilis Apr. 2013 (BCM-HGSC/Deug_2.0) (DeugGB2) Genome Assembly (GenBank Accession: GCA_000236325.2) of Drosophila eugracilis . This ortholog was characterized as part of a developing dataset to study the evolution of the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) across the genus Drosophila using the Genomics Education Partnership gene annotation protocol for Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joyce Stamm
- University of Evansville, Evansville, IN USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang J. Targeting Syntaxin 1A via RNA interference inhibits feeding and midgut development in Locusta migratoria. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39075757 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Syntaxin 1A (Syx1A) has diverse and indispensable functions in animals. Previous studies have mainly focused on the roles of Syx1A in Drosophila, and so how Syx1A operates during the development of other insects remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether disrupting LmSyx1A using RNA interference (RNAi) affects the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. LmSyx1A was expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression observed in the fat body. After 5th-instar nymphs were injected with double-stranded LmSyx1A (dsLmSyx1A), none of the nymphs were able to molt normally and all eventually died. The silencing of LmSyx1A resulted in the cessation of feeding, body weight loss, and atrophy of the midgut and gastric cecum in locusts. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the columnar cells in the midgut were severely damaged, with microvilli defects visible in dsLmSyx1A-injected nymphs. Secretory vesicles were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) further indicates that silencing LmSyx1A repressed the expression of genes involved in the insulin/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-associated nutritional pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that LmSyx1A significantly affects the midgut cell layer of locust nymphs, which was partially associated with the downregulation of the insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Thus, we argue that LmSyx1A is a suitable target for developing dsRNA-based biological pesticides for managing L. migratoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ignatiou A, Pitsouli C. Host-diet-microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38946050 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota-derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet-microbiota-host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient-sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut-related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole-body manifestations of gut dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ignatiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Li Y, Gao Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. RNA interference-mediated silencing of coat protein II (COPII) genes affects the gut homeostasis and cuticle development in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131137. [PMID: 38537854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein II (COPII) complex consists of five primary soluble proteins, namely the small GTP-binding protein Sar1, the inner coat Sec23/Sec24 heterodimers, and the outer coat Sec13/Sec31 heterotetramers. COPII is essential for cellular protein and lipid trafficking through cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the roles of COPII assembly genes remain unknown in insects. In present study, we identified five COPII assembly genes (LmSar1, LmSec23, LmSec24, LmSec13 and LmSec31) in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR results revealed that these genes showed different expression patterns in multiple tissues and developmental days of fifth-instar nymphs. Injection of double-stranded RNA against each LmCOPII gene induced a high RNAi efficiency, and considerably suppressed feeding, and increased mortality to 100 %. Results from the micro-sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of midguts showed that the brush border was severely damaged and the number of columnar cells was significantly reduced in dsLmCOPII-injected nymphs, as compared with the control. The dilated endoplasmic reticulum phenotype of columnar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR results further indicated that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly repressed the expression of genes involved in insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Therefore, COPII assembly genes could be promising RNAi targets for insect pest management by disrupting gut and cuticle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turingan MJ, Li T, Wright J, Sharma A, Ding K, Khan S, Lee B, Grewal SS. Hypoxia delays steroid-induced developmental maturation in Drosophila by suppressing EGF signaling. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011232. [PMID: 38669270 PMCID: PMC11098494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals often grow and develop in unpredictable environments where factors like food availability, temperature, and oxygen levels can fluctuate dramatically. To ensure proper sexual maturation into adulthood, juvenile animals need to adapt their growth and developmental rates to these fluctuating environmental conditions. Failure to do so can result in impaired maturation and incorrect body size. Here we describe a mechanism by which Drosophila larvae adapt their development in low oxygen (hypoxia). During normal development, larvae grow and increase in mass until they reach critical weight (CW), after which point a neuroendocrine circuit triggers the production of the steroid hormone ecdysone from the prothoracic gland (PG), which promotes maturation to the pupal stage. However, when raised in hypoxia (5% oxygen), larvae slow their growth and delay their maturation to the pupal stage. We find that, although hypoxia delays the attainment of CW, the maturation delay occurs mainly because of hypoxia acting late in development to suppress ecdysone production. This suppression operates through a distinct mechanism from nutrient deprivation, occurs independently of HIF-1 alpha and does not involve dilp8 or modulation of Ptth, the main neuropeptide that initiates ecdysone production in the PG. Instead, we find that hypoxia lowers the expression of the EGF ligand, spitz, and that the delay in maturation occurs due to reduced EGFR/ERK signaling in the PG. Our study sheds light on how animals can adjust their development rate in response to changing oxygen levels in their environment. Given that hypoxia is a feature of both normal physiology and many diseases, our findings have important implications for understanding how low oxygen levels may impact animal development in both normal and pathological situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Turingan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tan Li
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenna Wright
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate Ding
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahoon Khan
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Savraj S. Grewal
- Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Qi R, Gu H, Guo X, Liu X, Ren Y, Li F, Li B, Sun H. JH degradation pathway participates in hormonal regulation of larval development of Bombyx mori following λ-cyhalothrin exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140871. [PMID: 38056714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh), a widely utilized pyrethroid insecticide, poses serious threats to non-target organisms due to its persistence nature in the environment. Exposure to low concentrations of λ-cyh has been observed to result in prolonged larval development in Bombyx mori, leading to substantial financial losses in sericulture. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for prolonged development caused by λ-cyh (LC10) exposure. The results showed that the JH Ⅲ titer was significantly increased at 24 h of λ-cyh exposure, and the JH interacting genes Methoprene-tolerant 2, Steroid Receptor Co-activator, Krüppel-homolog 1, and JH binding proteins were also up-regulated. Although the target of rapamycin (Tor) genes were induced by λ-cyh, the biosynthesis of JH in the corpora allata was not promoted. Notably, 13 JH degradation genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in the midgut of B. mori. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity assays indicated that λ-cyh had inhibitory effects on JH esterase, JH epoxide hydrolase, and JH diol kinase (JHDK). Furthermore, the suppression of JHDK (KWMTBOMO01580) was further confirmed by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. This study has offered a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms underlying the prolonged development caused by insecticides, and our results also hold significant implications for the safe production of sericulture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yixin Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ruinan Qi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohhara Y, Sagisaka C, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The collembolan Sinella dubiosa produces eicosapentaenoic acid. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110900. [PMID: 37689345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential nutrients for vertebrate development and physiology. Microorganisms, such as microalgae, produce n-3 PUFAs that are transferred to higher predators in the aquatic food web. However, recent studies have demonstrated that various aquatic invertebrates possess the biosynthetic enzymes required for n-3 PUFA production, raising the possibility that n-3 PUFAs are also produced in certain aquatic invertebrates. In contrast to aquatic invertebrates, it remains unclear whether and how PUFAs are produced in terrestrial invertebrates, including collembolans, one of the most widespread microarthropods in soil ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the biosynthetic capacity of n-3 PUFAs in litter-dwelling Collembola, Sinella dubiosa. We detected EPA in Sinella dubiosa reared on Brewer's yeast, which produced only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, metabolic analysis using isotope-labeled fatty acids revealed that oleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were metabolized to EPA in Sinella dubiosa. Given that collembolans are food for predatory arthropods and their nutrients are transferred to higher predatory vertebrates in the soil food web, we propose that Collembola serve as an EPA source in soil ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Chiemi Sagisaka
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang F, Liu D, Zhang L, Xu LY, Zhang JN, Zhao XL, Ao H, Peng C. Targeting endothelial cells with golden spice curcumin: A promising therapy for cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106953. [PMID: 37804925 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is an increasingly significant global public health concern. It encompasses the coexistence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, heart disease, atherosclerosis, and T2DM. A crucial component to the development of CMM is the disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Therefore, therapies targeting endothelial cells through multi-targeted and multi-pathway approaches hold promise for preventing and treatment of CMM. Curcumin, a widely used dietary supplement derived from the golden spice Carcuma longa, has demonstrated remarkable potential in treatment of CMM through its interaction with endothelial cells. Numerous studies have identified various molecular targets of curcumin (such as NF-κB/PI3K/AKT, MAPK/NF-κB/IL-1β, HO-1, NOs, VEGF, ICAM-1 and ROS). These findings highlight the efficacy of curcumin as a therapeutic agent against CMM through the regulation of endothelial function. It is worth noting that there is a close relationship between the progression of CMM and endothelial damage, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal NO bioavailability and cell adhesion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of curcumin, including its availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and therapeutic application in treatment of CMM, as well as the challenges and future prospects for its clinical translation. In summary, curcumin shows promise as a potential treatment option for CMM, particularly due to its ability to target endothelial cells. It represents a novel and natural lead compound that may offer significant therapeutic benefits in the management of CMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li-Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oliveira AC, Homem CCF. Opposing effects of ecdysone signaling regulate neuroblast proliferation to ensure coordination of brain and organism development. Dev Biol 2023; 503:53-67. [PMID: 37549863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth regulation must be robust to ensure correct final size, but also adaptative to adjust to less favorable environmental conditions. Developmental coordination between whole-organism and the brain is particularly important, as the brain is a critical organ with little adaptability. Brain growth mainly depends on neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation to generate differentiated neural cells, it is however unclear how organism developmental progression is coordinated with NSCs. Here we demonstrate that the steroid hormone ecdysone plays a multi-step, stage specific role in regulating Drosophila NSCs, the neuroblasts. We used animals that are unable to synthesize ecdysone, to show that the developmental milestone called "critical weight peak", the peak that informs the body has reached minimum viable weight to survive metamorphosis, acts a checkpoint necessary to set neuroblast cell cycle pace during larval neurogenesis. The peaks of ecdysone that occur post-critical weight are no longer required to maintain neuroblast division rate. We additionally show that in a second stage, at the onset of pupariation, ecdysone is instead required to trigger neuroblast's proliferation exit and consequently the end of neurogenesis. We demonstrate that, without this signal from ecdysone, neuroblasts lose their ability to exit proliferation. Interestingly, although these neuroblasts proliferate for a longer period, the number of differentiated neurons is smaller compared to wild-type brains, suggesting a role for ecdysone in neuron maintenance. Our study provides insights into how neural stem cells coordinate their division rate with the pace of body growth, identifying a novel coordination mechanism between animal development and NSC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C Oliveira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina C F Homem
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Pan L, Li P, Gao F, Wang L, Chen J, Li Z, Gao Y, Gong Y, Jin F. Isolation of Enterococcus faecium and determination of its mechanism for promoting the growth and development of Drosophila. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18726. [PMID: 37907538 PMCID: PMC10618532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal symbiotic microorganisms have a strong capacity to regulate the physiological functions of their host, and Drosophila serves as a useful model. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a member of the normal intestinal flora of animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as E. faecium can promote the growth and development of Drosophila, but the mechanism of regulation of Drosophila is poorly understood. In this study, we found that E. faecium used a carbon source to produce probiotic acids. E. faecium is a symbiotic bacterium for Drosophila, and adult flies passed on parental flora to offspring. E. faecium promoted the growth and development of Drosophila, especially under poor nutritional conditions. E. faecium shortened the developmental process for Drosophila and accelerated the transformation from larva to pupa. Finally, E. faecium promoted the growth and development of Drosophila through TOR and insulin signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuguo Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yumei Gong
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Melamed D, Choi A, Reilein A, Tavaré S, Kalderon D. Spatial regulation of Drosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cell division rates and cell cycle transitions. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010965. [PMID: 37747936 PMCID: PMC10553835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cells (FSCs) present a favorable paradigm for understanding how stem cell division and differentiation are balanced in communities where those activities are independent. FSCs also allow exploration of how this balance is integrated with spatial stem cell heterogeneity. Posterior FSCs become proliferative Follicle Cells (FCs), while anterior FSCs become quiescent Escort Cells (ECs) at about one fourth the frequency. A single stem cell can nevertheless produce both FCs and ECs because it can move between anterior and posterior locations. Studies based on EdU incorporation to approximate division rates suggested that posterior FSCs divide faster than anterior FSCs. However, direct measures of cell cycle times are required to ascertain whether FC output requires a net flow of FSCs from anterior to posterior. Here, by using live imaging and FUCCI cell-cycle reporters, we measured absolute division rates. We found that posterior FSCs cycle more than three times faster than anterior FSCs and produced sufficient new cells to match FC production. H2B-RFP dilution studies supported different cycling rates according to A/P location and facilitated live imaging, showing A/P exchange of FSCs in both directions, consistent with the dynamic equilibrium inferred from division rate measurements. Inversely graded Wnt and JAK-STAT pathway signals regulate FSC differentiation to ECs and FCs. JAK-STAT promotes both differentiation to FCs and FSC cycling, affording some coordination of these activities. When JAK-STAT signaling was manipulated to be spatially uniform, the ratio of posterior to anterior division rates was reduced but remained substantial, showing that graded JAK-STAT signaling only partly explains the graded cycling of FSCs. By using FUCCI markers, we found a prominent G2/M cycling restriction of posterior FSCs together with an A/P graded G1/S restriction, that JAK-STAT signaling promotes both G1/S and G2/M transitions, and that PI3 kinase signaling principally stimulates the G2/M transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Melamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
| | - Aaron Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
| | - Amy Reilein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics & Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kalderon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York State, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen JX, Li WX, Su Q, Lyu J, Zhang YB, Zhang WQ. Comparison of the signaling pathways of wing dimorphism regulated by biotic and abiotic stress in the brown planthopper. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1046-1062. [PMID: 36382805 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wing polymorphism is an evolutionary trait that is widely present in various insects and provides a model system for studying the evolutionary significance of insect dispersal. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) can alter its wing morphs under biotic and abiotic stress. However, whether differential signaling pathways are induced by the 2 types of stress remain largely unknown. Here, we screened a number of candidate genes through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and found that ornithine decarboxylase (NlODC), a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines, was associated with wing differentiation in BPH and mainly responded to abiotic stress stimuli. We analyzed the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes under the 2 stresses by transcriptomic comparison, and found that biotic stress mainly influenced insulin-related signaling pathways while abiotic stress mainly influenced hormone-related pathways. Moreover, we found that insulin receptor 1 (NlInR1) may regulate wing differentiation of BPH by responding to both biotic and abiotic stress, but NlInR2 only responded to biotic stress. Similarly, the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase associated with juvenile hormone degradation and NlODC may regulate wing differentiation mainly through abiotic stress. A model based on the genes and stresses to modulate the wing dimorphism of BPH was proposed. These findings present a comprehensive molecular mechanism for wing polymorphism in BPH induced by biotic and abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
ERGİN ORDU T, GÖNCÜ E. Investigation of the effects of starvation stress in the midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.1225101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
During their evolution, organisms have developed various mechanisms to adapt to changing nutritional conditions such as mobilization of storage molecules and activation of autophagy. In this study, the mechanism of adaptive responses in the midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae, which were starved for different days, was investigated. The study was carried out at the Insect Physiology Research Laboratory and Silkworm Culture Laboratory at Ege University between 2018 and 2020. For this purpose, the histological structure of the midgut was examined using hematoxylin&eosin staining and its protein, sugar, glycogen, and lipid contents were determined. As autophagy markers, lysosomal enzyme activities were measured and expressions of autophagy-related genes (mTOR, ATG8, and ATG12) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, depending on the time of onset of starvation stress, autophagy plays no role as an adaptive response under starvation conditions or occurs at a much more moderate level than autophagy which happens as part of cell death during larval-pupal metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe ERGİN ORDU
- EGE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
| | - Ebru GÖNCÜ
- EGE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang Y, Lei S, Wang S, Lu H, Li H, Lv J, Ge RS, Ying Y. Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats is blocked by perfluorotetradecanoic acid through decreasing AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00194-7. [PMID: 37269911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) is a type of perfluoroalkyl acid that has been linked to various health effects in animals and humans. The study aimed to investigate the potential impact of PFTeDA exposure on Leydig cell development in rats during puberty. Understanding the effects of PFTeDA on Leydig cells is crucial as these cells play a significant role in male reproductive function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with PFTeDA at doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/kg/day from postnatal day 35 to 56. The serum hormone levels were measured and testicular transcriptome changes were analyzed by RNA-seq and verified by qPCR, and the levels of steroidogenesis-related proteins and energy regulators were measured. PFTeDA significantly reduced serum testosterone levels while slightly increasing LH levels. RNA-seq and qPCR analysis showed that genes responsive to oxidative phosphorylation (Naufa1 and Ndufs6) and steroidogenesis (Ldlr, Star, Cyp11a1) were markedly downregulated at ≥5mg/kg, while those related to ferroptosis (Alox15) and cell senescence (Map2k3 and RT1-CE3) were significantly upregulated. PFTeDA markedly reduced SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) /PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) and AMPKA (AMP activated kinase A), LC3B and Beclin1 (biomarkers for autophagy) levels while increasing phosphorylated mTOR. In vitro treatment of PFTeDA at 5 μM significantly reduced androgen output of Leydig cells from 35-day-old male rats while ferrostatin 1 (10 μM) reversed PFTeDA-mediated inhibition. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of PFTeDA on pubertal rat Leydig cell development are possibly regulated by inducing ferroptosis thereby downregulating SIRT1/AMPKA/ autophagy pathways, eventually resulting in reduced steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education,Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Yu Z, Niu Z, Cheng Y, Wei Z, Cai Y, Ma F, Hu L, Zhu J, Zhang W. A neuroprotective role of Ufmylation through Atg9 in the aging brain of Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:129. [PMID: 37086384 PMCID: PMC11073442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Ufmylation is a recently identified small ubiquitin-like modification, whose biological function and relevant cellular targets are poorly understood. Here we present evidence of a neuroprotective role for Ufmylation involving Autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9) during Drosophila aging. The Ufm1 system ensures the health of aged neurons via Atg9 by coordinating autophagy and mTORC1, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activity. Neuron-specific expression of Atg9 suppresses the age-associated movement defect and lethality caused by loss of Ufmylation. Furthermore, Atg9 is identified as a conserved target of Ufm1 conjugation mediated by Ddrgk1, a critical regulator of Ufmylation. Mammalian Ddrgk1 was shown to be indispensable for the stability of endogenous Atg9A protein in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Taken together, our findings might have important implications for neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hosptial of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu W, Zhao T, Zhao C, Li C, Xie F, Liu J, Jiang J. How will warming affect the growth and body size of the largest extant amphibian? More than the temperature-size rule. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160105. [PMID: 36370793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Declining body size is a universal ecological response to global warming in ectotherms. Ectotherms grow faster but mature at a smaller size at higher temperatures. This phenomenon is known as the temperature-size rule (TSR). However, we know little about the details of the relationship between temperature and size. Here, this issue was studied in the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), one of the largest extant amphibians and a flagship species of conservation in China. Warm-acclimated A. davidianus larvae (25 °C) had accelerated development but little superiority in body growth when compared to their 15 °C counterparts when fed with red worm. This predicts a drastic decrease in adult body size with warming. However, a fish diet (more abundant lipid and protein) improved the growth performance at 25 °C. The underlying mechanism was studied. Warm-acclimated larvae had enlarged livers but shortened tails (fat depot). Their livers suffered from energy deficiencies and decreased protein levels, even when protein synthesis and energy metabolism were transcriptionally upregulated. This could be a direct explanation for their poor growth performance. Further analyses revealed a metabolic disorder resembling mammal glycogen storage disease in warm-acclimated larvae, indicating deficiency in glycogen catabolism. This speculation is consistent with their increased lipid and amino acid catabolism and explained the poor energy conditions of the warm-acclimated larvae. Additionally, a deficiency in glycogen metabolism explains the different efficiency of worm and fish diets in supporting the growth of warm-acclimated larvae, even when both diets were provided sufficiently. In conclusion, our results suggest that the relationship between temperature and body size can be flexible, which is a significant finding in terms of the TSR. The underlying metabolic and nutrient mechanisms were revealed. This knowledge can help deepen our understanding of the consequences of warming and can contribute to the conservation of A. davidianus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tu Y, Kuang X, Zhang L, Xu X. The associations of gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124945. [PMID: 37089533 PMCID: PMC10116073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is of great importance in human health, and its roles in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis have long been recognized as the "gut-bone axis." Recent evidence has indicated intercorrelations between gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. This review article discussed the complex interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism-related hormones, including sex steroids, insulin-like growth factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine, parathyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptides, peptide YY, etc. Although the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation, the regulatory effect of gut microbiota on bone health via interplaying with endocrine system may provide a new paradigm for the better management of musculoskeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Xin Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Banzai K, Nishimura T. Isolation of a novel missense mutation in insulin receptor as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 mutants in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:285910. [PMID: 36504086 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) correlates nutrient levels to metabolism and growth, thereby playing crucial roles in development and adult fitness. In the fruit fly Drosophila, ImpL2, an ortholog of IGFBP7, binds to and inhibits the function of Drosophila insulin-like peptides. In this study, we isolated a temperature-sensitive mutation in the insulin receptor (InR) gene as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 null mutants. The p.Y902C missense mutation is located at the functionally conserved amino acid residue of the first fibronectin type III domain of InR. The hypomorphic InR mutant animals showed a temperature-dependent reduction in IIS and body size. The mutant animals also exhibited metabolic defects, such as increased triglyceride and carbohydrate levels. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that defects in InR caused dysregulation of amino acid and ribonucleotide metabolism. We also observed that InR mutant females produced tiny irregular-shaped embryos with reduced fecundity. In summary, this novel allele of InR is a valuable tool for the Drosophila genetic model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Banzai
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Renard T, Gueydan C, Aron S. DNA methylation and expression of the egfr gene are associated with worker size in monomorphic ants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21228. [PMID: 36481802 PMCID: PMC9732050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive division of labour is a hallmark of eusocial Hymenoptera. Females are either reproductive queens or non-reproductive workers. In ants, workers often display further task specialisation that is associated with variation in size and/or morphology. Because female polyphenism is typically under environmental control, it is thought epigenetic mechanisms (such as DNA methylation) play a central role since they mediate gene-by-environment interactions. Methylation of the growth-promoting gene epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) was indeed shown to control worker size in a highly polymorphic ant. However, it remains unknown if egfr methylation could also regulate worker size in monomorphic species. By combining experimental pharmacology and molecular biology, we show that worker size is associated with egfr methylation in two monomorphic ants. Furthermore, we functionally demonstrate that EGFR signalling affects worker size. These results indicate that worker size regulation by egfr methylation has been mechanistically conserved in ants but remains unexploited in monomorphic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Renard
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Molecular Biology of the Gene, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Prof. Jeener et Brachet, 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular divergence with major morphological consequences: development and evolution of organ size and shape. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:707-716. [PMID: 36373649 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of the morphological diversity among organisms is a topic of great interest to evolutionary developmental biologists. Although developmental biologists have had great success in identifying the developmental mechanisms and molecular processes that specify organ size and shape within species, only relatively recently have the molecular tools become available to study how variation in these mechanisms gives rise to the phenotypic differences that are observed among closely related species. In addition to these technological advances, researchers interested in understanding how molecular variation gives rise to phenotypic variation have used three primary strategies to identify the molecular differences underlying species-specific traits: the candidate gene approach, differential gene expression screens, and between-species genetic mapping experiments. In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been successful in identifying the genes and the cellular mechanisms by which they specify variation in one of the most recognizable examples of the evolution of organ size, the adaptive variation in beak morphology among Darwin's finches. We also discuss insect reproductive structures as a model with great potential to advance our understanding of the specification and evolution of organ size and shape differences among species. The results from these two examples, and those from other species, show that species-specific variation in organ size and shape typically evolves via changes in the timing, location, and amount of gene/protein expression that act on tissue growth processes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Laskowski LF, Kiser CA, Huber R, Kusche S, Arsham AM, Giarla TC, Rele CP. Drosophila simulans - Ilp2. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000679. [PMID: 36468154 PMCID: PMC9709637 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chinmay P. Rele
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
,
Correspondence to: Chinmay P. Rele (
)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Congleton H, Kiser CA, Colom Diaz PA, Schlichting E, Walton DA, Long LJ, Reed LK, Martinez-Cruzado JC, Rele CP. Drosophila mojavensis - chico. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000677. [PMID: 36468157 PMCID: PMC9709638 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chinmay P. Rele
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
,
Correspondence to: Chinmay P. Rele (
)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ohhara Y, Yamanaka N. Internal sensory neurons regulate stage-specific growth in Drosophila. Development 2022; 149:dev200440. [PMID: 36227580 PMCID: PMC10496149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals control their developmental schedule in accordance with internal states and external environments. In Drosophila larvae, it is well established that nutrient status is sensed by different internal organs, which in turn regulate production of insulin-like peptides and thereby control growth. In contrast, the impact of the chemosensory system on larval development remains largely unclear. Here, we performed a genetic screen to identify gustatory receptor (Gr) neurons regulating growth and development, and found that Gr28a-expressing neurons are required for proper progression of larval growth. Gr28a is expressed in a subset of peripheral internal sensory neurons, which directly extend their axons to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the central nervous system. Silencing of Gr28a-expressing neurons blocked insulin-like peptide release from IPCs and suppressed larval growth during the mid-larval period. These results indicate that Gr28a-expressing neurons promote larval development by directly regulating growth-promoting endocrine signaling in a stage-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu W, Zhao C, Zhao T, Chang L, Chen Q, Liu J, Li C, Xie F, Jiang J. Rising floor and dropping ceiling: organ heterogeneity in response to cold acclimation of the largest extant amphibian. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221394. [PMID: 36196548 PMCID: PMC9532983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature imposes strong selective pressure on ectotherms. To maximize their overall fitness under cold conditions, the ectotherms may either try to maintain their physiological activities through metabolic compensation or enter into metabolic depression; however, some species adopt both strategies to cope with different degrees of cold. Nevertheless, how these two seemingly opposite strategies are coordinated has rarely been elucidated. Here, we investigated the molecular strategy underlying the cold acclimation of Andrias davidianus, the largest extant amphibian, using multi-organ metabolomics and transcriptomics. The results showed remarkable organ heterogeneity in response to cold. While most organs showed transcriptional upregulation of metabolic processes, the heart exhibited downregulation. This heterogeneity explained the adaptive reorganization in resource allocation, which compensates for metabolic maintenance by compromising growth. Importantly, the cardiac function might constitute a ‘ceiling’ to constrain the space for compensation, especially under colder conditions. Additionally, the opposite transcriptional regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and other pathways might also shape the overall metabolic capacity under cold conditions. The heterogeneity in cold responses may have directed a shift in cold adaptive strategy from compensation to depression with a drop in temperature. These results provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cold survival strategies of ectotherms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
miR-275/305 cluster is essential for maintaining energy metabolic homeostasis by the insulin signaling pathway in Bactrocera dorsalis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010418. [PMID: 36197879 PMCID: PMC9534453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in various physiological processes of insects, including systemic metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms of how specific miRNAs regulate energy metabolic homeostasis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that an evolutionarily conserved miR-275/305 cluster was essential for maintaining energy metabolic homeostasis in response to dietary yeast stimulation in Bactrocera dorsalis. Depletion of miR-275 and miR-305 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly reduced triglyceride and glycogen contents, elevated total sugar levels, and impaired flight capacity. Combined in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that miR-275 and miR-305 can bind to the 3'UTR regions of SLC2A1 and GLIS2 to repress their expression, respectively. RNAi-mediated knockdown of these two genes partially rescued metabolic phenotypes caused by inhibiting miR-275 and miR-305. Furthermore, we further illustrated that the miR-275/305 cluster acting as a regulator of the metabolic axis was controlled by the insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, our work combined genetic and physiological approaches to clarify the molecular mechanism of metabolic homeostasis in response to different dietary stimulations and provided a reference for deciphering the potential targets of physiologically important miRNAs in a non-model organism.
Collapse
|
26
|
Graeve A, Huster J, Görl D, Ioannidou I, Gómez R, Weiss LC. Distinct cell proliferation patterns underlying the development of defensive crests in Daphnia longicephala. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10513. [PMID: 36110230 PMCID: PMC9468406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is well known for its expression of morphological defenses in the presence of predators. Research into this phenomenon has mostly centered on the ecology and evolution of Daphnia defenses; information is limited on the cellular mechanisms that underlie site-specific tissue growth. We aimed to determine these cellular mechanisms, specifically those associated with the development of defensive crests in D. longicephala. With the help of a cell-proliferation assay we monitored changes in the epidermal tissue of naïve and predator-exposed D. longicephala. Based on our results, we propose that cell division is delayed in favor of cell growth, which results in crest formation. Further, we identify specific regions of proliferative activity in a time-dependent manner. Defense development starts in the ventral region, before extending in the cranial and then dorsal directions. We demonstrate that these cellular changes begin as early as 2 h after predator exposure. Our results provide new insights into the cellular processes underlying morphological defense expression in Daphnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graeve
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joshua Huster
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Deria Görl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ioanna Ioannidou
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rocio Gómez
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda C. Weiss
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bai Y, Pei XJ, Ban N, Chen N, Liu SN, Li S, Liu TX. Nutrition-dependent juvenile hormone sensitivity promotes flight-muscle degeneration during the aphid dispersal-reproduction transition. Development 2022; 149:275958. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In insects, the loss of flight typically involves a dispersal-reproduction transition, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the parthenogenetic pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, winged females undergo flight-muscle degeneration after flight and feeding on new host plants. Similarly, topical application of a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic to starved aphids also induces flight-muscle degeneration. We found that feeding preferentially upregulated the expression of the JH receptor gene Met and a JH-inducible gene, Kr-h1, in the flight muscles, and, thus, enhanced tissue-specific JH sensitivity and signaling. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Kr-h1 prevented flight-muscle degeneration. Likewise, blocking nutritional signals by pharmacological inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) impaired JH sensitivity of the flight muscles in feeding aphids and subsequently delayed muscle degeneration. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that enhanced JH signaling inhibited the transcription of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, likely resulting in reduction of the energy supply, mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle-fiber breakdown. This study shows that nutrient-dependent hormone sensitivity regulates developmental plasticity in a tissue-specific manner, emphasizing a relatively underappreciated mechanism of hormone sensitivity in modulating hormone signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University 2 , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xiao-Jin Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Ning Ban
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University 3 , Qingdao 266109 , China
| | - Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Su-Ning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 1 , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University 4 , Guiyang 550025 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morgan A, Kiser CA, Bronson I, Lin H, Guillette N, McMahon R, Kennell JA, Long LJ, Reed LK, Rele CP. Drosophila eugracilis - Akt. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000544. [PMID: 35856017 PMCID: PMC9287739 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gene Model for Akt in the D. eugracilis (DeugGB2) assembly (GCA_000236325.2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chinmay P. Rele
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
,
Correspondence to: Chinmay P. Rele (
)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tian Z, Guo S, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang XP. Targeting coat protein II complex genes via RNA interference inhibits female adult feeding and reproductive development in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2141-2150. [PMID: 35171515 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi is a highly destructive cruciferous vegetable pest in Asia. This beetle is predominantly controlled by synthetic chemical pesticides, which leave pesticide residues on food and constitute a major hidden danger to human health. Based on preliminary research, we hypothesized that the coat protein II (COPII) complex, a primary coated vesicle that exports cargo molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum, is a promising novel target for the control of Colaphellus bowringi. RESULTS This study investigated whether disrupting COPII using RNA interference (RNAi) affects the growth and development of Colaphellus bowringi adults. The results showed that five COPII assembly genes, Sar1, Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, and Sec31, were uniformly expressed in multiple tissues of adult female Colaphellus bowringi. Injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against each gene induced a high RNAi efficiency by approximately 55-99%, and considerably inhibited yolk deposition and ovarian growth. Moreover, knockdown of Sar1, Sec23 and Sec24 suppressed feeding and increased mortality to 26.67%, 46.67%, and 42.22%, respectively. This was partially due to the down-regulation of insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathways. The results indicate that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly represses Juvenile hormone and ecdysone signaling pathways, suggesting that vesicle transport plays a vital role in the endocrine regulation of Colaphellus bowringi females. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the COPII complex could be a promising RNAi target for the management of Colaphellus bowringi, which would reduce our dependence on chemical pesticides for pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Gao T, Zhao Y, Liu S, Su Q, Wei C, Yang Y, Long Y. Bacillus cereus (EG-Q3) in the Gut of Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Host Response to Starvation Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:785415. [PMID: 35479626 PMCID: PMC9037983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.785415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria of insects play an important role in their nutrition, maintenance, and ecological adaption. Ectropis grisescens is the most important leaf-feeding pest in tea gardens in China. In order to explore whether E. grisescens adaptation under starvation stress is related to its gut bacteria, we used a culture-independent method to compare the composition and diversity of their gut bacteria under starvation treatment. The results revealed no significant changes in core gut bacteria composition and diversity within 24 h of starvation. However, non-core gut bacterial Bacillus increased significantly under starvation conditions. B. cereus strain EG-Q3 isolated from the gut of E. grisescens in carbon source-selected medium showed the ability to degrade fat bodies from E. grisescens in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the fat-lowering ratio of E. grisescens fed with B. cereus strain EG-Q3 (6.76 ± 1.281%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.96 ± 0.801%, t = 4.15, df = 8, p < 0.01) after starvation for 4 h. These findings suggest that non-core gut bacterial B. cereus strain EG-Q3 contributes to host adaptation to starvation. Together, this research provides evidence that E. grisescens may benefit from non-core gut bacteria under starvation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Su
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Millington JW, Biswas P, Chao C, Xia YH, Wat LW, Brownrigg GP, Sun Z, Basner-Collins PJ, Klein Geltink RI, Rideout EJ. A low-sugar diet enhances Drosophila body size in males and females via sex-specific mechanisms. Development 2022; 149:dev200491. [PMID: 35195254 PMCID: PMC10656461 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, changes to dietary protein elicit different body size responses between the sexes. Whether these differential body size effects extend to other macronutrients remains unclear. Here, we show that lowering dietary sugar (0S diet) enhanced body size in male and female larvae. Despite an equivalent phenotypic effect between the sexes, we detected sex-specific changes to signalling pathways, transcription and whole-body glycogen and protein. In males, the low-sugar diet augmented insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS) activity by increasing insulin sensitivity, where increased IIS was required for male metabolic and body size responses in 0S. In females reared on low sugar, IIS activity and insulin sensitivity were unaffected, and IIS function did not fully account for metabolic and body size responses. Instead, we identified a female-biased requirement for the Target of rapamycin pathway in regulating metabolic and body size responses. Together, our data suggest the mechanisms underlying the low-sugar-induced increase in body size are not fully shared between the sexes, highlighting the importance of including males and females in larval studies even when similar phenotypic outcomes are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Millington
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Puja Biswas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charlotte Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yi Han Xia
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lianna W. Wat
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - George P. Brownrigg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paige J. Basner-Collins
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ramon I. Klein Geltink
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J. Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Neophytou C, Pitsouli C. How Gut Microbes Nurture Intestinal Stem Cells: A Drosophila Perspective. Metabolites 2022; 12:169. [PMID: 35208243 PMCID: PMC8878600 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are key modulators of host physiology and behavior. Accumulating evidence suggests that the complex interplay between microbiota, diet and the intestine controls host health. Great emphasis has been given on how gut microbes have evolved to harvest energy from the diet to control energy balance, host metabolism and fitness. In addition, many metabolites essential for intestinal homeostasis are mainly derived from gut microbiota and can alleviate nutritional imbalances. However, due to the high complexity of the system, the molecular mechanisms that control host-microbiota mutualism, as well as whether and how microbiota affects host intestinal stem cells (ISCs) remain elusive. Drosophila encompasses a low complexity intestinal microbiome and has recently emerged as a system that might uncover evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of microbiota-derived nutrient ISC regulation. Here, we review recent studies using the Drosophila model that directly link microbiota-derived metabolites and ISC function. This research field provides exciting perspectives for putative future treatments of ISC-related diseases based on monitoring and manipulating intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysoula Pitsouli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu Z, Yang Z, Ren G, Wang Y, Luo X, Zhu F, Yu S, Jia L, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. GATOR2 complex-mediated amino acid signaling regulates brain myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110917119. [PMID: 35022234 PMCID: PMC8784133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110917119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for cell growth and metabolism. Amino acid and growth factor signaling pathways coordinately regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase in cell growth and organ development. While major components of amino acid signaling mechanisms have been identified, their biological functions in organ development are unclear. We aimed to understand the functions of the critically positioned amino acid signaling complex GAP activity towards Rags 2 (GATOR2) in brain development. GATOR2 mediates amino acid signaling to mTORC1 by directly linking the amino acid sensors for arginine and leucine to downstream signaling complexes. Now, we report a role of GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte myelination in postnatal brain development. We show that the disruption of GATOR2 complex by genetic deletion of meiosis regulator for oocyte development (Mios, encoding a component of GATOR2) selectively impairs the formation of myelinating oligodendrocytes, thus brain myelination, without apparent effects on the formation of neurons and astrocytes. The loss of Mios impairs cell cycle progression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, leading to their reduced proliferation and differentiation. Mios deletion manifests a cell type-dependent effect on mTORC1 in the brain, with oligodendroglial mTORC1 selectively affected. However, the role of Mios/GATOR2 in oligodendrocyte formation and myelination involves mTORC1-independent function. This study suggests that GATOR2 coordinates amino acid and growth factor signaling to regulate oligodendrocyte myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyang Yu
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bo Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, People's Republic of China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Della Noce B, Martins da Silva R, de Carvalho Uhl MV, Konnai S, Ohashi K, Calixto C, Arcanjo A, de Abreu LA, de Carvalho SS, da Silva Vaz I, Logullo C. REDOX IMBALANCE INDUCES REMODELING OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN RHIPICEPHALUS MICROPLUS EMBRYONIC CELL LINE. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101599. [PMID: 35063504 PMCID: PMC8857477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism not only functions in supplying cellular energy but also has an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and in preventing oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Previously, we showed that arthropod embryonic cell lines have high tolerance to H2O2 exposure. Here, we describe that Rhipicephalus microplus tick embryonic cell line (BME26) employs an adaptive glucose metabolism mechanism that confers tolerance to hydrogen peroxide at concentrations too high for other organisms. This adaptive mechanism sustained by glucose metabolism remodeling promotes cell survival and redox balance in BME26 cell line after millimolar H2O2 exposure. The present work shows that this tick cell line could tolerate high H2O2 concentrations by initiating a carbohydrate-related adaptive response. We demonstrate that gluconeogenesis was induced as a compensation strategy that involved, among other molecules, the metabolic enzymes NADP-ICDH, G6PDH, and PEPCK. We also found that this phenomenon was coupled to glycogen accumulation and glucose uptake, supporting the pentose phosphate pathway to sustain NADPH production and leading to cell survival and proliferation. Our findings suggest that the described response is not atypical, being also observed in cancer cells, which highlights the importance of this model to all proliferative cells. We propose that these results will be useful in generating basic biological information to support the development of new strategies for disease treatment and parasite control.
Collapse
|
36
|
Morin G, Canaud G. Treatment strategies for mosaic overgrowth syndromes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Br Med Bull 2021; 140:36-49. [PMID: 34530449 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Mosaic overgrowth syndromes (OS) are a proteiform ensemble of rare diseases displaying asymmetric overgrowth involving any tissue type, with degrees of severity ranging from isolated malformation to life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism. Despite discordant clinical presentations, all those syndromes share common genetic anomalies: somatic mutations of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most prominent regulators of cell homeostasis, and somatic oncogenic mutations affecting this pathway are responsible for mosaic OS. This review aims to describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of the main OS involving the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, along with the treatments available or under development. SOURCES OF DATA This review summarizes available data regarding OS in scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals. AREAS OF AGREEMENT OS care requires a multidisciplinary approach relying on clinical and radiological follow-up along with symptomatic treatment. However, no specific treatment has yet shown efficacy in randomized control trials. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Clinical classifications of OS led to frequent misdiagnosis. Moreover, targeted therapies directed at causal mutated proteins are developing in OSs through cancer drugs repositioning, but the evidence of efficacy and tolerance is still lacking for most of them. GROWING POINTS The genetic landscape of OS is constantly widening and molecular classifications tend to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, opening opportunities for targeted therapies. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH OS are a dynamic, expanding field of research. Studies focusing on the identification of genetic anomalies and their pharmacological inhibition are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morin
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Unité d'hypercroissance dysharmonieuse et centre d'anomalies vasculaires, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Unité d'hypercroissance dysharmonieuse et centre d'anomalies vasculaires, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ohhara Y, Hoshino G, Imahori K, Matsuyuki T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The Nutrient-Responsive Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 Supports Growth and Development in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690564. [PMID: 34239451 PMCID: PMC8258382 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals can sense internal nutrients, such as amino acids/proteins, and are able to modify their developmental programs in accordance with their nutrient status. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, amino acid/protein is sensed by the fat body, an insect adipose tissue, through a nutrient sensor, target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 1 (TORC1). TORC1 promotes the secretion of various peptide hormones from the fat body in an amino acid/protein-dependent manner. Fat-body-derived peptide hormones stimulate the release of insulin-like peptides, which are essential growth-promoting anabolic hormones, from neuroendocrine cells called insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Although the importance of TORC1 and the fat body-IPC axis has been elucidated, the mechanism by which TORC1 regulates the expression of insulinotropic signal peptides remains unclear. Here, we show that an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), promotes the expression of insulinotropic signal peptides. Fat-body-selective Hsp90 knockdown caused the transcriptional downregulation of insulinotropic signal peptides. IPC activity and systemic growth were also impaired in fat-body-selective Hsp90 knockdown animals. Furthermore, Hsp90 expression depended on protein/amino acid availability and TORC1 signaling. These results strongly suggest that Hsp90 serves as a nutrient-responsive gene that upregulates the fat body-IPC axis and systemic growth. We propose that Hsp90 is induced in a nutrient-dependent manner to support anabolic metabolism during the juvenile growth period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Genki Hoshino
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Imahori
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Matsuyuki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McDonald JMC, Nabili P, Thorsen L, Jeon S, Shingleton AW. Sex-specific plasticity and the nutritional geometry of insulin-signaling gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. EvoDevo 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33990225 PMCID: PMC8120840 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) is replete among animals, but while the selective pressures that drive the evolution of SSD have been well studied, the developmental mechanisms upon which these pressures act are poorly understood. Ours and others' research has shown that SSD in D. melanogaster reflects elevated levels of nutritional plasticity in females versus males, such that SSD increases with dietary intake and body size, a phenomenon called sex-specific plasticity (SSP). Additional data indicate that while body size in both sexes responds to variation in protein level, only female body size is sensitive to variation in carbohydrate level. Here, we explore whether these difference in sensitivity at the morphological level are reflected by differences in how the insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS) and TOR-signaling pathways respond to changes in carbohydrates and proteins in females versus males, using a nutritional geometry approach. RESULTS The IIS-regulated transcripts of 4E-BP and InR most strongly correlated with body size in females and males, respectively, but neither responded to carbohydrate level and so could not explain the sex-specific response to body size to dietary carbohydrate. Transcripts regulated by TOR-signaling did, however, respond to dietary carbohydrate in a sex-specific manner. In females, expression of dILP5 positively correlated with body size, while expression of dILP2,3 and 8, was elevated on diets with a low concentration of both carbohydrate and protein. In contrast, we detected lower levels of dILP2 and 5 protein in the brains of females fed on low concentration diets. We could not detect any effect of diet on dILP expression in males. CONCLUSION Although females and males show sex-specific transcriptional responses to changes in protein and carbohydrate, the patterns of expression do not support a simple model of the regulation of body-size SSP by either insulin- or TOR-signaling. The data also indicate a complex relationship between carbohydrate and protein level, dILP expression and dILP peptide levels in the brain. In general, diet quality and sex both affect the transcriptional response to changes in diet quantity, and so should be considered in future studies that explore the effect of nutrition on body size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M C McDonald
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Pegah Nabili
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Lily Thorsen
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander W Shingleton
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esteban-Collado J, Corominas M, Serras F. Nutrition and PI3K/Akt signaling are required for p38-dependent regeneration. Development 2021; 148:258580. [PMID: 33913483 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration after damage requires early signals to trigger the tissue repair machinery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as early signals that are sensed by the MAP3 kinase Ask1, which in turn activates by phosphorylation the MAP kinases p38 and JNK. The sustained or high activation of these kinases can result in apoptosis, whereas short or low activation can promote regeneration. Using the Ask1-dependent regeneration program, we demonstrate in Drosophila wing that PI3K/Akt signaling is necessary for Ask1 to activate p38, but not JNK. In addition, nutrient restriction or mutations that target Ser83 of the Drosophila Ask1 protein, a PI3K/Akt-sensitive residue, block regeneration. However, these effects can be reversed by the ectopic activation of p38, but not of JNK. Our results demonstrate that Ask1 controls the activation of p38 through Ser83, and that the phosphorylation of p38 during regeneration is nutrient sensitive. This mechanism is important for discriminating between p38 and JNK in the cells involved in tissue repair and regenerative growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Esteban-Collado
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu W, Chang L, Shu G, Wang B, Jiang JP. Fatter or stronger: Resource allocation strategy and the underlying metabolic mechanisms in amphibian tadpoles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100825. [PMID: 33770735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The allocation of resources between storage and somatic growth is an essential physiological phenomenon in animals. Allocation mechanisms have broad theoretical and applied implications. The real-time resource allocation patterns in animals remain to be elucidated, and there is limited understanding of the metabolic mechanisms. We investigated the resource allocation strategy of Rana omeimontis tadpoles. Their ontogenetic fat accumulation began when body weight increased to 30-50 mg, at which time storage had a high priority in resource allocation. Beyond this weight range, somatic growth accelerated but storage investment was maintained, resulting in a positive correlation between body fat index and body weight at the population level. This pattern could be explained by assuming a positive relationship between storage abundance and growth investment, and this was supported by the prioritized increment of body fat to body weight when tadpoles were provided with increased food. At the metabolic level, hepatic fat accumulation was accompanied by upregulated utilization of fat storage, and the tadpoles presented lipid-based energy metabolism. Activating the mobilization of hepatic fat storage promoted somatic growth. In short, the liver is like a reservoir with valves that regulate energy flow for downstream developmental processes. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into resource allocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guocheng Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China; Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dapergola E, Menegazzi P, Raabe T, Hovhanyan A. Light Stimuli and Circadian Clock Affect Neural Development in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:595754. [PMID: 33763414 PMCID: PMC7982892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.595754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous clocks enable organisms to adapt cellular processes, physiology, and behavior to daily variation in environmental conditions. Metabolic processes in cyanobacteria to humans are under the influence of the circadian clock, and dysregulation of the circadian clock causes metabolic disorders. In mouse and Drosophila, the circadian clock influences translation of factors involved in ribosome biogenesis and synchronizes protein synthesis. Notably, nutrition signals are mediated by the insulin receptor/target of rapamycin (InR/TOR) pathways to regulate cellular metabolism and growth. However, the role of the circadian clock in Drosophila brain development and the potential impact of clock impairment on neural circuit formation and function is less understood. Here we demonstrate that changes in light stimuli or disruption of the molecular circadian clock cause a defect in neural stem cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, we show that disturbed cell growth and proliferation are accompanied by reduced nucleolar size indicative of impaired ribosomal biogenesis. Further, we define that light and clock independently affect the InR/TOR growth regulatory pathway due to the effect on regulators of protein biosynthesis. Altogether, these data suggest that alterations in InR/TOR signaling induced by changes in light conditions or disruption of the molecular clock have an impact on growth and proliferation properties of neural stem cells in the developing Drosophila brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dapergola
- Institute of Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pamela Menegazzi
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Raabe
- Institute of Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hovhanyan
- Institute of Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rehman N, Varghese J. Larval nutrition influences adult fat stores and starvation resistance in Drosophila. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247175. [PMID: 33606785 PMCID: PMC7895371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays a major role in connecting nutrient availability to energy homeostasis by regulating metabolic pathways. Defects in insulin signalling is the primary cause for diabetes, obesity and various metabolic disorders. Nutritional status during growth and developmental stages play a crucial role in determining adult size, fecundity and ageing. However, the association between developmental nutrition and adult metabolic disorders has not been fully explored. Here, we address the effects of nutrient status during the larval growth phase on adult metabolism in Drosophila. We report that restricted food supply in larvae led to higher fat reserves and starvation resistance in mature adult flies, which we attribute to low insulin signalling. A lesser amount of stored fat was mobilised during early adult stages and during acute starvation, which accounts for the metabolic effects. Furthermore, larval diet influenced the expression of fat mobilisation genes brummer and lipid storage droplet-2 in adult flies, which led to the metabolic phenotypes reported here. Thus, the restricted nutrient environment in developing larvae led to adaptive changes that entrain the adult flies for scarce food availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyas Rehman
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jishy Varghese
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Millington JW, Brownrigg GP, Chao C, Sun Z, Basner-Collins PJ, Wat LW, Hudry B, Miguel-Aliaga I, Rideout EJ. Female-biased upregulation of insulin pathway activity mediates the sex difference in Drosophila body size plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:e58341. [PMID: 33448263 PMCID: PMC7864645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-dependent body size plasticity differs between the sexes in most species, including mammals. Previous work in Drosophila showed that body size plasticity was higher in females, yet the mechanisms underlying increased female body size plasticity remain unclear. Here, we discover that a protein-rich diet augments body size in females and not males because of a female-biased increase in activity of the conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS). This sex-biased upregulation of IIS activity was triggered by a diet-induced increase in stunted mRNA in females, and required Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2, illuminating new sex-specific roles for these genes. Importantly, we show that sex determination gene transformer promotes the diet-induced increase in stunted mRNA via transcriptional coactivator Spargel to regulate the male-female difference in body size plasticity. Together, these findings provide vital insight into conserved mechanisms underlying the sex difference in nutrient-dependent body size plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Millington
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - George P Brownrigg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Charlotte Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Paige J Basner-Collins
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Lianna W Wat
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Bruno Hudry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mirth CK, Saunders TE, Amourda C. Growing Up in a Changing World: Environmental Regulation of Development in Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:81-99. [PMID: 32822557 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-041620-083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All organisms are exposed to changes in their environment throughout their life cycle. When confronted with these changes, they adjust their development and physiology to ensure that they can produce the functional structures necessary for survival and reproduction. While some traits are remarkably invariant, or robust, across environmental conditions, others show high degrees of variation, known as plasticity. Generally, developmental processes that establish cell identity are thought to be robust to environmental perturbation, while those relating to body and organ growth show greater degrees of plasticity. However, examples of plastic patterning and robust organ growth demonstrate that this is not a hard-and-fast rule.In this review, we explore how the developmental context and the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying trait formation determine the impacts of the environment on development in insects. Furthermore, we outline future issues that need to be resolved to understand how the structure of signaling networks defines whether a trait displays plasticity or robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117588, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Christopher Amourda
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun CX, Li ZX. Biosynthesis of aphid alarm pheromone is modulated in response to starvation stress under regulation by the insulin, glycolysis and isoprenoid pathways. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 128:104174. [PMID: 33242454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for biosynthesis and molecular regulation of the aphid alarm pheromone (AAP) is still a mystery. Previous studies indicated that the biosynthesis of AAP was directly affected by the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, and several pathways involved in nutritional metabolism providing the bricks for AAP biosynthesis were up-regulated in response to simulated stimulation. This suggests that AAP biosynthesis might be regulated by complex metabolic pathways. Here the molecular responses of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi to starvation stress were investigated, and the molecular pathways were further analyzed by using RNA interference (RNAi) and protein inhibitor, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of (E)-β-farnesene (EβF), the major component of the alarm pheromone in R. padi. The results showed that the nutritional stress significantly reduced the weight of aphid and the quantity of EβF, and meanwhile dramatically up-regulated the insulin receptor genes (InsR1/2) and down-regulated the downstream genes encoding the kinases PI3K and Akt, key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway (HK, A6PFK, PK) and the isoprenoid pathway (ACSS, HMGR, FPPS1, FPPS2, GGPPS, DPPS). PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment and RNAi-mediated knockdown of InsR1/2 significantly reduced the expression level of downstream genes and the quantity of EβF. Furthermore, knockdown of PK, the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, down-regulated the genes in the isoprenoid pathway and the production of EβF; knockdown of the genes encoding isoprenyl diphosphate enzymes revealed that FPPS1 and FPPS2 were both required for EβF biosynthesis. Our data suggested that AAP is synthesized via glycolysis and isoprenoid pathways under regulation by the insulin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xian Sun
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment-Friendly Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng-Xi Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment-Friendly Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ma F, Li Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Lin L, Chen Q, Xu Q, Pan P, Wang Y, Ge RS. Gestational exposure to tebuconazole affects the development of rat fetal Leydig cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127792. [PMID: 32805656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide, used in agriculture to treat phytopathogenic fungi, and as a biocide, has been reported to be related to reproductive and developmental toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tebuconazole exposure on rat fetal Leydig cells and fetal testis during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, daily gavaged with corn oil (as a control), 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight tebuconazole for 10 days (from the 12th day of pregnancy). Tebuconazole increased fetal serum testosterone and progesterone levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Exposure to 100 mg/kg tebuconazole significantly caused an increase in the number of fetal Leydig cells per testis without inducing cell aggregation. Tebuconazole up-regulated the expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b3, and Fshr and their proteins. Further investigation found that tebuconazole caused increased phosphorylation of AKT1, ERK1/2, and mTOR, the level of BCL2, as well as the decrease of Beclin1, LC3B, and BAX, which may contribute to the fetal Leydig cell autophagy and proliferation. In conclusion, in utero exposure of tebuconazole causes the proliferation of fetal Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Liben Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Quanxu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Peipei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Koyama T, Texada MJ, Halberg KA, Rewitz K. Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4523-4551. [PMID: 32448994 PMCID: PMC7599194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able to sense and respond to changes in external environmental conditions and their internal state. Metabolic adaptation in response to altered nutrient availability is key to maintaining energy homeostasis and sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, environmental variables exert major influences on growth and final adult body size in animals. This developmental plasticity depends on adaptive responses to internal state and external cues that are essential for developmental processes. Genetic studies have shown that the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly to mammals, regulates its metabolism, growth, and behavior in response to the environment through several key hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, and steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing that various environmental cues and internal conditions are sensed in different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information to neuroendocrine centers that control insulin and steroid signaling. This review focuses on endocrine regulation of development, metabolism, and behavior in Drosophila, highlighting recent advances in the role of the neuroendocrine system as a signaling hub that integrates environmental inputs and drives adaptive responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Q, Gao Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen J, Huang R, Ma G, Wang L, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. L-Asparaginase Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in an SH-SY5Y-A53T Model of Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:563054. [PMID: 33117129 PMCID: PMC7557534 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.563054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and involves deficiencies in alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) degradation. Effective therapeutic strategies for PD are urgently needed. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has been developed for therapeutic applications in many fields because it catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine and glutamine in cancer cells, which may also activate autophagy and induce the degradation of accumulated α-Syn. However, the efficacy and related mechanism of L-ASNase in PD remain poorly understood. Methods: We determined the correlation between L-ASNase and autophagic degradation of α-Syn in a cell model of PD. Mitochondrial function and apoptosis were examined in the presence or absence of L-ASNase. Then, we applied GC-MS/MS targeted amino acid metabolomics analysis to validate the amino acid regulation induced by L-ASNase treatment. Glutamine was added to verify whether the neuroprotective effect was induced by deprivation of glutamine. α-Syn-related autophagy and mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics were detected to explore the mechanism of L-ASNase-based therapy in PD. Results: L-ASNase activated the autophagic degradation of α-Syn in a cell model of PD without cytotoxicity at specific concentrations/times. Under these conditions, L-ASNase showed substantial neuroprotective effects, including improvements in mitochondrial function and decreased apoptosis. Through GC-MS/MS targeted analysis, glutamine metabolism was identified as the target of L-ASNase in PD treatment, and the neuroprotective effect of L-ASNase was reduced after glutamine supplementation. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that L-ASNase had a neuroprotective effect on a cell model of PD through a moderate deprivation of glutamine, which induced autophagic activation and mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, we demonstrated that L-ASNase could be a promising and effective drug for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nawrot-Esposito MP, Babin A, Pasco M, Poirié M, Gatti JL, Gallet A. Bacillus thuringiensis Bioinsecticides Induce Developmental Defects in Non-Target Drosophila melanogaster Larvae. INSECTS 2020; 11:E697. [PMID: 33066180 PMCID: PMC7601982 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides made from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the bestselling bioinsecticide worldwide. Among Bt bioinsecticides, those based on the strain Bt subsp. kurstaki (Btk) are widely used in farming to specifically control pest lepidopteran larvae. Although there is much evidence of the lack of acute lethality of Btk products for non-target animals, only scarce data are available on their potential non-lethal developmental adverse effects. Using a concentration that could be reached in the field upon sprayings, we show that Btk products impair growth and developmental time of the non-target dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the synergy between Btk bacteria and Btk insecticidal toxins. We further show that Btk bioinsecticides trigger intestinal cell death and alter protein digestion without modifying the food intake and feeding behavior of the larvae. Interestingly, these harmful effects can be mitigated by a protein-rich diet or by adding the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum into the food. Finally, we unravel two new cellular mechanisms allowing the larval midgut to maintain its integrity upon Btk aggression: First the flattening of surviving enterocytes and second, the generation of new immature cells arising from the adult midgut precursor cells. Together, these mechanisms participate to quickly fill in the holes left by the dying enterocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Armel Gallet
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INRAE, ISA, UMR CNRS 7254/INRAE 1355/UCA, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, France; (M.-P.N.-E.); (A.B.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (J.-L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fat Body p53 Regulates Systemic Insulin Signaling and Autophagy under Nutrient Stress via Drosophila Upd2 Repression. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|