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Katsumata E, Tsuruta T, Sonoyama K, Yoshida T, Sasaki M, Teraoka M, Wang T, Nishino N. Unabsorbed Fecal Fat Content Correlates with a Reduction of Immunoglobulin a Coating of Gut Bacteria in High-Lard Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400078. [PMID: 38965658 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) selectively coats gut bacteria and contributes to regulatory functions in gastrointestinal inflammation and glucose metabolism. Excess intake of lard leads to decrease in the IgA coating of gut bacteria, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study validates how unabsorbed fat derived from a high-lard diet in the gut affects the IgA coating of bacteria, as assessed in mouse models using three types of dietary fat (lard, medium-, and long-chain triglycerides [MLCTs], and medium-chain triglycerides [MCTs]) exhibiting different digestibilities. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice are maintained on diets containing lard, MLCTs, or MCTs at 7% or 30% w/w for 10 weeks (n = 6 per group). The fecal fatty acid concentration is measured to quantify unabsorbed fat content. The ratio of IgA-coated bacteria to total bacteria (IgA coating ratio) in the feces is measured by flow cytometry. Compared to lard-fed mice, MLCT- and MCT-fed mice exhibit lower fecal concentrations of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid and higher IgA coating ratios at both 7% and 30% dietary fat, and these parameters exhibit significant negative correlations. CONCLUSION Unabsorbed fat content in the gut may result in attenuated IgA coating of bacteria in high-lard diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Katsumata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Mio Sasaki
- TAIYO YUSHI Corporation, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Mao Teraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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2
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He J, Lu X, Mao N, Zhu T, Yu L, Yu Y, Peng S, Deng X, Hu B, Jiang W, Lu Y, Wang D. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide- functionalized dendritic fibrous nano-silica -based adjuvant for H 9N 2 oral vaccine enhance systemic and mucosal immunity in chickens. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124318. [PMID: 38852750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has the ability to infect birds and humans, further causing significant losses to the poultry industry and even posing a great threat to human health. Oral vaccine received particular interest for preventing majority infection due to its ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, but their development is limited by the bad gastrointestinal (GI) environment, compact epithelium and mucus barrier, and the lack of effective mucosal adjuvants. Herein, we developed the dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) grafted with Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) nanoparticles (CDP-DFNS) as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine. Encouragingly, CDP-DFNS facilitated the proliferation of T and B cells, and further induced the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Moreover, CDP-DFNS/H9N2 significantly promoted the antigen-specific antibodies levels in serum and intestinal mucosal of chickens, indicating the good ability to elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity. Additional, CDP-DFNS facilitate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells both in spleen and intestinal mucosal, and the indexes of immune organs. This study suggested that CDP-DFNS may be a new avenue for development of oral vaccine against pathogens that are transmitted via mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuanqi Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ningning Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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3
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Mallory M, Munt JE, Narowski TM, Castillo I, Cuadra E, Pisanic N, Fields P, Powers JM, Dickson A, Harris R, Wargowsky R, Moran S, Allabban A, Raphel K, McCaffrey TA, Brien JD, Heaney CD, Lafleur JE, Baric RS, Premkumar L. COVID-19 point-of-care tests can identify low-antibody individuals: In-depth immunoanalysis of boosting benefits in a healthy cohort. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1379. [PMID: 38865463 PMCID: PMC11168476 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The recommended COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake is low. At-home lateral flow assay (LFA) antigen tests are widely accepted for detecting infection during the pandemic. Here, we present the feasibility and potential benefits of using LFA-based antibody tests as a means for individuals to detect inadequate immunity and make informed decisions about COVID-19 booster immunization. In a health care provider cohort, we investigated the changes in the breadth and depth of humoral and T cell immune responses following mRNA vaccination and boosting in LFA-positive and LFA-negative antibody groups. We show that negative LFA antibody tests closely reflect the lack of functional humoral immunity observed in a battery of sophisticated immune assays, while positive results do not necessarily reflect adequate immunity. After booster vaccination, both groups gain depth and breadth of systemic antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that LFA-based antibody tests can alert individuals about inadequate immunity against COVID-19, thereby increasing booster shots and promoting herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mallory
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Munt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Izabella Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwing Cuadra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John M. Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rohan Harris
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Wargowsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seamus Moran
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed Allabban
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristin Raphel
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John E. Lafleur
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Fang YD, Xie F, Zhang WD, Zeng WW, Lu J, Cheng YJ, Wang WH. Age-dependent distribution of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the pharyngeal tonsil of the Bactrian camel. Vet J 2024; 305:106131. [PMID: 38763403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The pharyngeal tonsil, located in the nasopharynx, can effectively defend against pathogens invading the body from the upper respiratory tract and play a crucial role in mucosal immunity of the respiratory tract. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) serve as key effector molecules in mucosal immunity, exhibiting multiple immune functions. This study aimed to investigate the distribution patterns and age-related alterations of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the pharyngeal tonsils of Bactrian camels. Twelve Alashan Bactrian camels were categorized into four age groups: young (1-2 years, n=3), pubertal (3-5 years, n=3), middle-aged (6-16 years, n=3) and old (17-20 years, n=3). The distribution patterns of IgA and IgG ASCs in the pharyngeal tonsils of Bactrian camels of different ages were meticulously observed, analyzed and compared using immunohistochemical and statistical methods. The results revealed that IgA ASCs in the pharyngeal tonsils of all age groups were primarily clustered or diffusely distributed in the reticular epithelium and its subepithelial regions (region A) and around the glands (region C), scattered in the subepithelial regions of non-reticular epithelium (region B), and sporadically distributed in the interfollicular regions (region D). Interestingly, the distribution pattern of IgG ASCs in the pharyngeal tonsils closely mirrored that of IgA ASCs. The distribution densities of IgA and IgG ASCs in these four regions were significantly decreased in turn (P<0.05). However, IgA ASCs exhibited significantly higher densities than IgG ASCs in the same region (P<0.05). Age-related alterations indicated that the distribution densities of IgA and IgG ASCs in each region of the pharyngeal tonsils exhibited a trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing from young to old camels, reaching a peak in the pubertal group. As camels age, there was a significant decrease in the densities of IgA and IgG ASCs in all regions of the pharyngeal tonsils (P<0.05). The results demonstrate that the reticular epithelium and its subepithelial regions in the pharyngeal tonsils of Bactrian camels are the primary regions where IgA and IgG ASCs colonize and exert their immune functions. These regions play a pivotal role in inducing immune responses and defending against pathogen invasions in the pharyngeal tonsils. IgA ASCs may be the principal effector cells of the mucosal immune response in the pharyngeal tonsils of Bactrian camels. Aging significantly reduces the densities of IgA and IgG ASCs, while leaving their distribution patterns unaffected. These findings will provide valuable insights for further investigations into the immunomorphology, immunosenescence, and response mechanisms of the pharyngeal tonsils in Bactrian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dong Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fei Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wang-Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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5
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Cossarini F, Shang J, Krek A, Al-Taie Z, Hou R, Canales-Herrerias P, Tokuyama M, Tankelevich M, Tillowiz A, Jha D, Livanos AE, Leyre L, Uzzan M, Martinez-Delgado G, Tylor M, Sharma K, Bourgonje AR, Cruz M, Ioannou G, Dawson T, D'Souza D, Kim-Schulze S, Akm A, Aberg JA, Chen BK, Gnjatic S, Polydorides AD, Cerutti A, Argmann C, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Suarez-Farinas M, Petralia F, Faith JJ, Mehandru S. HIV-1 infection is associated with depletion of germinal center B cells and a decrease in IgA + plasma cells in the GI tract. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.590425. [PMID: 38826293 PMCID: PMC11142040 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.590425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) B cells and plasma cells (PCs), critical to mucosal homeostasis, play an important role in the host response to HIV-1 infection. Here, high resolution mapping of human B cells and PCs from colon and ileum during both viremic and suppressed HIV-1 infection identified a significant reduction in germinal center (GC) B cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) during HIV-1 viremia. Further, IgA + PCs, the major cellular output of intestinal GCs were significantly reduced during viremic HIV-1 infection. PC-associated transcriptional perturbations, including type I interferon signaling persisted in antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated individuals, suggesting ongoing disruption of the intestinal immune milieu during ART. GI humoral immune perturbations associated with changes in intestinal microbiome composition and systemic inflammation. Herein, we highlight a key immune defect in the GI mucosa due to HIV-1 viremia, with major implications. One Sentence Summary Major perturbations in intestinal GC dynamics in viremic HIV-1 infection relate to reduced IgA + plasma cells, systemic inflammation and microbiota changes.
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6
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Wang J, He M, Yang M, Ai X. Gut microbiota as a key regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. Life Sci 2024; 345:122612. [PMID: 38588949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex microbial community with the ability of maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal homeostasis largely depends on the mucosal immune system to defense external pathogens and promote tissue repair. In recent years, growing evidence revealed the importance of gut microbiota in shaping intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, according to the existing findings, this review first provided an overview of intestinal mucosal immune system before summarizing the regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, this review delved into the gut microbial interactions with the cells such as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in innate immunity, and T and B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this review discussed the main effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis in intestinal diseases and offered future research prospects. The review highlighted the key regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal immunity via various host-microbe interactions, providing valuable references for the development of microbial therapy in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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7
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Harris JR, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Delaney MS, Cruz TN, Gaudette BT, Wilmore JR. Gut commensals require Peyer's patches to induce protective systemic IgA responses. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4220532. [PMID: 38798510 PMCID: PMC11118714 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220532/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Gut educated IgA secreting plasma cells that disseminate beyond the mucosa and into systemic tissues have been described as providing beneficial effects from disease in several contexts. Several bacteria have been implicated in the induction of systemic IgA, however the mechanisms that result in differential levels of induction by each bacterial species are still unknown. Here we show, the commensal bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis (Bf), is an efficient inducer of systemic IgA responses. The ability of Bf to induce the production of bone marrow IgA plasma cells and high levels of serum IgA relied on high levels of gut colonization in a dose-dependent manner. Colonization induced Bf-specific IgA responses were severely diminished in the absence of Peyer's patches, but not the murine cecal patch. Colonization of mice with Bf, a natural human commensal, resulted in few changes within the microbiome and the host transcriptional profile in the gut, suggesting a commensal relationship with the host. Bf colonization did benefit the mice by inducing systemic IgA that led to increased protection in a bowel perforation model resulting in lower peritoneal abscess formation. These findings demonstrate a critical role for bacterial colonization and Peyer's patches in the induction of robust systemic IgA responses that confer protection from bacterial dissemination outside of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Mara S. Delaney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Tania N. Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Brian T. Gaudette
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Joel R. Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
- Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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8
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Assadsangabi A, Evans CA, Corfe BM, Lobo AJ. Exploring Predictive Biomarkers of Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis: A Proteomics Approach. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:808-819. [PMID: 37889841 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Risk stratification of subjects with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into those likely to relapse and those who will remain quiescent continues to be a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether certain proteomic signature profiles or biomarkers during remission are associated with future disease relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Endoscopic rectal samples from patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission at index endoscopy were collected, as well as samplers from normal control individuals. The patients were stratified to early relapsers (ERs) if they developed clinical signs of UC flare within 6 months of index endoscopy or nonrelapsers (NRs) if there was no relapse after 36 months of follow-up. The pooled rectal samples from ERs, NRs, and control individuals were subjected to nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry as per standard iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) workflow methodology. Selected proteomics-yielded candidates were subjected to orthogonal validation via immunoblotting, in a biomarker discovery exercise. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were included, of whom 8 had clinical relapse within 6 months from the index endoscopy, and 43 patients had no clinical symptoms of relapse within the 36-month follow-up period. Ten patients who had clinical signs of relapse between 6 and 36 months were excluded. Seventeen control individuals were also included. Soluble proteomics analyses between ERs, NRs, and control individuals revealed a series of upregulated and downregulated proteins. Following orthogonal validation, upregulated TRX (P = .001) and IGHA1 (P = .001) were observed in ERs relative to NRs. CONCLUSIONS Several novel candidate tissue biomarkers have been identified in this study, which could discriminate patients with UC at risk of early relapse from those in long-term sustained remission. Our findings may pave the way for pre-emptive UC disease monitoring and therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Assadsangabi
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Biological and Systems Engineering Group, ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Lobo
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Bai J, Zhou Y, Xia X, Wu Z, Li X, Tong P, Yang A, Chen H. Transglutaminase-Cross-Linked Tofu Suppressed Soybean-Induced Allergic Reactions by Enhancing Intestinal Mucosa Immune Tolerance. Foods 2024; 13:1206. [PMID: 38672879 PMCID: PMC11049078 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, food allergies are closely related to intestinal health, and ensuring the integrity and health of intestinal mucosa could reduce the incidence of food allergies. In this study, a soybean-allergic mouse model was used to explore the mechanism of intestinal mucosa immune response induced by enzyme-cross-linked tofu. The effects of enzyme-cross-linked tofu on intestinal mucosal immunity in mice were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and flow cytometry. Our results reveled that the MTG-cross-linked tofu reduced the reactivity of the intestinal mucosal immune system, which mainly manifested as a decrease in the dendritic cell (DC) levels of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), increasing the Th1 cells and Tregs in Peyer's patch (PP) nodes and MLNs, and inhibiting the Th2 cells. Compared with soy protein, enzyme-cross-linked tofu had less damage to the small intestinal tract of mice. Therefore, the above-mentioned results fully revealed that the enzyme-cross-linked tofu promoted the transformation of intestinal mucosal immune cells, shifted the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1, and reduced its sensitization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xinlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China; (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (P.T.); (H.C.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China
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10
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He J, Zhu T, Mao N, Cai G, Gu P, Song Z, Lu X, Yang Y, Wang D. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide-functionalized dendritic fibrous nano-silica as oral vaccine adjuvant delivery enhancing both the mucosal and systemic immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129982. [PMID: 38354941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral vaccines are a safe and convenient alternative to injected vaccines and have great potential to prevent major infectious diseases. However, the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment, mucus barriers, low immunogenicity, and lack of effective and safe mucosal adjuvants are the major challenges for oral vaccine delivery. In recent years, nanoparticle-based strategies have become attractive for improving oral vaccine delivery. Here, the dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) grafted with Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) nanoparticles (CDP-DFNS) were prepared and investigated how to impact the immune responses. CDP-DFNS facilitated the antigen uptake in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and induce the activation of DCs in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, the result showed that the uptake efficiency by Peyer's patches (PPs) of CDP-DFNS/BSA was the best. And CDP-DFNS/BSA then significantly activated the DCs in lamina propria (LP), and T/B cells in PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Moreover, the memory T cell responses in later period of vaccination was stronger than other groups. In addition, CDP-DFNS/BSA enhanced BSA-specific antibody IgG, IgA production, and SIgA secretion, was effective at inducing a strong mixed Th1/Th2 response and mucosal antibody responses. These results indicated that CDP-DFNS deserves further consideration as an oral vaccine adjuvant delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ningning Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Cai
- Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zuchen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuanqi Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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11
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Song Y, Mehl F, Zeichner SL. Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38400174 PMCID: PMC10892965 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines of host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in host immune defense to provide durable and better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective mucosal vaccines to elicit robust localized and systemic immune responses by administration via mucosal routes. Mucosal vaccines that elicit effective immune responses yield protection superior to parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond their valuable immunogenicity, mucosal vaccines can be less expensive and easier to administer without a need for injection materials and more highly trained personnel. However, developing effective mucosal vaccines faces many challenges, and much effort has been directed at their development. In this article, we review the history of mucosal vaccine development and present an overview of mucosal compartment biology and the roles that mucosal immunity plays in defending against infection, knowledge that has helped inform mucosal vaccine development. We explore new progress in mucosal vaccine design and optimization and novel approaches created to improve the efficacy and safety of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Frances Mehl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Steven L. Zeichner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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12
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Roland MM, Peacock TE, Hall N, Mohammed AD, Ball R, Jolly A, Alexeev S, Dopkins N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Kubinak JL. B-cell-specific MhcII regulates microbiota composition in a primarily IgA-independent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253674. [PMID: 38187389 PMCID: PMC10766766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MhcII) molecules on B cells is required for the development of germinal centers (GCs) in lymphoid follicles; the primary sites for the generation of T-cell-dependent (TD) antibody responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are secondary lymphoid tissues (SLOs) in the small intestine (SI) that give rise to high-affinity, TD antibodies (mainly immunoglobulin A (IgA)) generated against the microbiota. While several studies have demonstrated that MhcII antigen presentation by other immune cells coordinate TD IgA responses and regulate microbiota composition, whether or not B-cell-specific MhcII influences gut microbial ecology is unknown. Methods Here, we developed a novel Rag1 -/- adoptive co-transfer model to answer this question. In this model, Rag1 -/- mice were reconstituted with naïve CD4+ T cells and either MhcII-sufficient or MhcII-deficient naïve B cells. Subsequent to this, resulting shifts in microbiota composition was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of SI-resident and fecal bacterial communities. Results Results from our experiments indicate that SLO development and reconstitution of an anti-commensal TD IgA response can be induced in Rag1 -/- mice receiving T cells and MhcII-sufficient B cells, but not in mice receiving T cells and MhcII-deficient B cells. Results from our 16S experiments confirmed that adaptive immunity is a relevant host factor shaping microbial ecology in the gut, and that its impact was most pronounced on SI-resident bacterial communities. Conclusion Our data also clearly establishes that MhcII-mediated cognate interactions between B cells and T cells regulates this effect by maintaining species richness in the gut, which is a phenotype commonly associated with good health. Finally, contrary to expectations, our experimental results indicate that IgA was not responsible for driving any of the effects on the microbiota ascribed to the loss of B cell-specific MhcII. Collectively, results from our experiments support that MhcII-mediated antigen presentation by B cells regulates microbiota composition and promotes species richness through an IgA-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason L. Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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13
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Dénes B, Fuller RN, Kelin W, Levin TR, Gil J, Harewood A, Lőrincz M, Wall NR, Firek AF, Langridge WHR. A CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2 RBD Mucosal Vaccine Protects Against Coronavirus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1865. [PMID: 38140268 PMCID: PMC10747655 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines protect against respiratory virus infection by stimulating the production of IgA antibodies that protect against virus invasion of the mucosal epithelium. In this study, a novel protein subunit mucosal vaccine was constructed for protection against infection by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine was assembled by linking a gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 virus S1 angiotensin converting enzyme receptor binding domain (ACE-2-RBD) downstream from a DNA fragment encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a mucosal adjuvant known to stimulate vaccine immunogenicity. A 42 kDa vaccine fusion protein was identified in homogenates of transformed E. coli BL-21 cells by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunoblotting against anti-CTB and anti-ACE-2-RBD primary antibodies. The chimeric CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2-RBD vaccine fusion protein was partially purified from clarified bacterial homogenates by nickel affinity column chromatography. Further vaccine purification was accomplished by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electro-elution of the 42 kDa chimeric vaccine protein. Vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed by oral, nasal, and parenteral immunization of BALB/c mice with the CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2-RBD protein. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were quantified in immunized mouse serum by ELISA analysis. Serum from immunized mice contained IgG and IgA antibodies that neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cell cultures. In contrast to unimmunized mice, cytological examination of cell necrosis in lung tissues excised from immunized mice revealed no detectable cellular abnormalities. Mouse behavior following vaccine immunization remained normal throughout the duration of the experiments. Together, our data show that a CTB-adjuvant-stimulated CTB-SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2-RBD chimeric mucosal vaccine protein synthesized in bacteria can produce durable and persistent IgA antibodies in mice that neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 subvariant Omicron BA.1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Dénes
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ryan N. Fuller
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Wayne Kelin
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Tessa R. Levin
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Jaipuneet Gil
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
| | - Aaren Harewood
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Oakwood University, Huntsville, AL 35896, USA
| | - Márta Lőrincz
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Anthony F. Firek
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
- Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center (CECORC), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA 92555, USA
| | - William H. R. Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (B.D.); (R.N.F.); (W.K.); (T.R.L.); (J.G.); (A.H.); (N.R.W.); (A.F.F.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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14
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Yamamoto Y, Sugita G, Hiraoka M, Takagi S, Yamagishi N, Kawashima S, Tanioka K, Nishi T, Yamamoto S, Kakutani C, Yanase A, Kanai Y, Kato S, Hotomi M. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 ameliorated nasal symptoms in patients with Japan cedar pollinosis: Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35343. [PMID: 37960817 PMCID: PMC10637569 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillales including L mesenteroides have beneficial effects on human health, including improvement of psychological status and alleviation of allergic rhinitis. In mice, L mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 (NTM048) increased intestinal s-IgA. In humans, however, the effects of NTM048 on s-IgA secretion have been unclear. STUDY This 16-week trial was performed using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. We aimed to establish whether Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 increases the secretion of s-IgA in saliva. Forty healthy adults and forty patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were recruited. Participants took either 2 test capsules including NTM048 (1010 CFU/day), or 2 placebo capsules per day, for 16 weeks. They were asked to collect their saliva and answered POMS2, a questionnaire about psychological status. The patients also answered questions about nasal symptoms. Blood samples were collected from the patients with Japanese Cedar pollinosis. Stool samples were collected at the start and on the last day of the trial. RESULTS All subjects completed the trial. It was conducted during the season when Japanese cedar pollen is most scattered. Serum concentration of Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was > 2.0 UA/mL in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048 in overall subjects, and Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was not changed by NTM048 in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The symptom of nasal blockage was improved by NTM048 12 weeks after the start of trial. post hoc analysis indicated a positive correlation between improving psychological status and the increase in occupation ratio of lactobacillus including NTM048. CONCLUSION The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048, but nasal blockage was improved by it. Psychological status might be improved if dosage of NTM048 is raised to the degree that NTM048 might be increased in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Sugita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hiraoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Saori Takagi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawashima
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tanioka
- Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sachi Yamamoto
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chiemi Kakutani
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Agi Yanase
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kanai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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15
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Li W, Wu H, Xu J. Construction of a genomic instability-derived predictive prognostic signature for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Genet 2023; 278-279:24-37. [PMID: 37579716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic instability (GI) is an effective prognostic marker of cancer. Thus, in this work, we aimed to explore the impact of GI derived signature on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using bioinformatics methods. METHODS The data of NSCLC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Totally 1794 immune related genes were downloaded from immport database. The optimal prognosis related genes were identified by univariate and LASSO Cox analyses. The risk score model was built to predict the NSCLC patients' prognosis. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed in CIBERSORT. RESULTS The 951 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the genomic stability (GS) and GI groups were enriched in 862 Gene ontology terms and 32 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Based on the 13 optimal genes, a prognostic risk score mode for NSCLC was established, and the high-risk patients exhibited worse overall survival. Moreover, the nomogram could reliably predict the clinical outcomes. The immune cell infiltration and checkpoints were significantly differential between the two groups (high-risk and low-risk). CONCLUSION The GI related 13-gene signature (TMPRSS11E, TNNC2, HLF, FOXM1, PKMYT1, TCN1, RGS20, SYT8, CD1B, LY6K, MFSD4A, KLRG2 APCDD1L) could reliably predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, China
| | - Huaman Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People's Hospital, Ziliujing District, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, China.
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16
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Planchais C, Molinos-Albert LM, Rosenbaum P, Hieu T, Kanyavuz A, Clermont D, Prazuck T, Lefrou L, Dimitrov JD, Hüe S, Hocqueloux L, Mouquet H. HIV-1 treatment timing shapes the human intestinal memory B-cell repertoire to commensal bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6326. [PMID: 37816704 PMCID: PMC10564866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection causes severe alterations of gut mucosa, microbiota and immune system, which can be curbed by early antiretroviral therapy. Here, we investigate how treatment timing affects intestinal memory B-cell and plasmablast repertoires of HIV-1-infected humans. We show that only class-switched memory B cells markedly differ between subjects treated during the acute and chronic phases of infection. Intestinal memory B-cell monoclonal antibodies show more prevalent polyreactive and commensal bacteria-reactive clones in late- compared to early-treated individuals. Mirroring this, serum IgA polyreactivity and commensal-reactivity are strongly increased in late-treated individuals and correlate with intestinal permeability and systemic inflammatory markers. Polyreactive blood IgA memory B cells, many of which egressed from the gut, are also substantially enriched in late-treated individuals. Our data establish gut and systemic B-cell polyreactivity to commensal bacteria as hallmarks of chronic HIV-1 infection and suggest that initiating treatment early may limit intestinal B-cell abnormalities compromising HIV-1 humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Luis M Molinos-Albert
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hieu
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Kanyavuz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Clermont
- Collection of the Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Laurent Lefrou
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955-Équipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Hocqueloux
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France.
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17
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Mallory M, Munt JE, Narowski TM, Castillo I, Cuadra E, Pisanic N, Fields P, Powers JM, Dickson A, Harris R, Wargowsky R, Moran S, Allabban A, Raphel K, McCaffrey TA, Brien JD, Heaney CD, Lafleur JE, Baric RS, Premkumar L. Longitudinal Analysis of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Supports Utilizing Point-Of-Care Tests to Enhance COVID-19 Booster Uptake. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.03.23287498. [PMID: 37066219 PMCID: PMC10104219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.23287498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with weaker neutralizing responses show reduced protection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. Booster vaccines are recommended for vaccinated individuals, but the uptake is low. We present the feasibility of utilizing point-of-care tests (POCT) to support evidence-based decision-making around COVID-19 booster vaccinations. Using infectious virus neutralization, ACE2 blocking, spike binding, and TCR sequencing assays, we investigated the dynamics of changes in the breadth and depth of blood and salivary antibodies as well as T-cell clonal response following mRNA vaccination in a cohort of healthcare providers. We evaluated the accuracy of two POCTs utilizing either blood or saliva to identify those in whom humoral immunity was inadequate. >4 months after two doses of mRNA vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing Abs (nAbs) and T-cell clones declined 40-80%, and 2/3rd lacked Omicron nAbs. After the third mRNA booster, binding and neutralizing Abs increased overall in the systemic compartment; notably, individuals with previously weak nAbs gained sharply. The third dose failed to stimulate secretory IgA, but salivary IgG closely tracked systemic IgG levels. Vaccine boosting increased Ab breadth against a divergent bat sarbecovirus, SHC014, although the TCR-beta sequence breadth was unchanged. Post 3rd booster dose, Ab avidity increased for the Wuhan and Delta strains, while avidity against Omicron and SHC014 increased to levels seen for Wuhan after the second dose. Negative results on POCTs strongly correlated with a lack of functional humoral immunity. The third booster dose helps vaccinees gain depth and breadth of systemic Abs against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that POCTs are useful and easy-to-access tools to inform inadequate humoral immunity accurately. POCTs designed to match the circulating variants can help individuals with booster vaccine decisions and could serve as a population-level screening platform to preserve herd immunity. One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care antibody tests are valuable and easy-to-access tools to inform inadequate humoral immunity and to support informed decision-making regarding the current and future booster vaccination.
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18
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Bagheri Y, Moeini Shad T, Namazi S, Tofighi Zavareh F, Azizi G, Salami F, Sadani S, Hosseini A, Saeidi M, Pashangzadeh S, Delavari S, Mirminachi B, Rezaei N, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. B cells and T cells abnormalities in patients with selective IgA deficiency. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2023; 19:23. [PMID: 36941677 PMCID: PMC10029301 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most prevalent inborn errors of immunity with almost unknown etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values of lymphocyte subsets and function in symptomatic SIgAD patients. METHODS A total of 30 available SIgAD patients from the Iranian registry and 30 age-sex-matched healthy controls were included in the present study. We analyzed B and T cell peripheral subsets and T cell proliferation assay by flow cytometry in SIgAD patients with mild and severe clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Our results indicated a significant increase in naïve and transitional B cells and a strong decrease in marginal zone-like and switched memory B-cells in SIgAD patients. We found that naïve and central memory CD4+ T cell subsets, as well as Th1, Th2 and regulatory T cells, have significantly decreased. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in central and effector memory CD8+ T cell subsets, whereas proportions of both (CD4+ and CD8+) terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (TEMRA) were significantly elevated in our patients. Although some T cell subsets in severe SIgAD were similar, a decrease in marginal-zone and switched memory B cells and an increase in CD21low B cell of severe SIgAD patients were slightly prominent. Moreover, the proliferation activity of CD4+ T cells was strongly impaired in SIgAD patients with a severe phenotype. CONCLUSION SIgAD patients have varied cellular and humoral deficiencies. Therefore, T cell and B cell assessment might help in better understanding the heterogeneous pathogenesis and prognosis estimation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Bagheri
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Moeini Shad
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shideh Namazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi Zavareh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Salami
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadani
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mirminachi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The trehalose glycolipid C18Brar promotes antibody and T-cell immune responses to Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae whole cell antigens in sheep. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278853. [PMID: 36656850 PMCID: PMC9851559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is a common respiratory disease in livestock. Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the main causative pathogen leading to lung damage in sheep, with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and ParaInfluenza virus type 3, combined with adverse physical and physiological stress, being predisposing factors. A balance of humoral and cellular immunity is thought to be important for protection against developing respiratory disease. In the current study, we compared the ability of the trehalose glycolipid adjuvant C18Brar (C18-alkylated brartemicin analogue) and three commercially available adjuvant systems i.e., Quil-A, Emulsigen-D, and a combination of Quil-A and aluminium hydroxide gel, to stimulate antibody and cellular immune responses to antigens from inactivated whole cells of M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae in sheep. C18Brar and Emulsigen-D induced the strongest antigen-specific antibody responses to both M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae, while C18Brar and Quil-A promoted the strongest antigen-specific IL-17A responses. The expression of genes with known immune functions was determined in antigen-stimulated blood cultures using Nanostring nCounter technology. The expression levels of CD40, IL22, TGFB1, and IL2RA were upregulated in antigen-stimulated blood cultures from animals vaccinated with C18Brar, which is consistent with T-cell activation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that C18Brar can promote both antibody and cellular responses, notably Th17 immune responses in a ruminant species.
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20
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Boyaka PN, Fujihashi K. Immunology of Mucosal Surfaces. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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21
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Immunomodulatory action of Lactococcuslactis. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:1-9. [PMID: 36428209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods are gaining popularity due to health-promoting properties with high levels of nutrients, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, and probiotic microorganisms. Due to its unique fermentation process, Lactococcus lactis plays a key role in the food business, notably in the manufacturing of dairy products. The superior biological activities of L. lactis in these functional foods include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities. L. lactis boosted growth performance, controlled amino acid profiles, intestinal immunology, and microbiota. Besides that, the administration of L. lactis increased the rate of infection clearance. Innate and acquired immune responses would be upregulated in both local and systemic compartments, resulting in these consequences. L. lactis is often employed in the food sector and is currently being exploited as a delivery vehicle for biological research. These bacteria are being eyed as potential candidates for biotechnological applications. With this in mind, we reviewed the immunomodulatory effects of different L. lactis strains.
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22
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King HAD, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Slike BM, Tran U, Jackson ND, Barkei E, Zemil M, Tourtellott-Fogt E, Kuklis CH, Soman S, Ahmed A, Porto M, Kitajewski C, Spence B, Benetiene D, Wieczorek L, Kar S, Gromowski G, Polonis VR, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Convalescent human IgG, but not IgM, from COVID-19 survivors confers dose-dependent protection against SARS-CoV-2 replication and disease in hamsters. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138629. [PMID: 37026013 PMCID: PMC10070741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibody therapeutic strategies have served an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, even as their effectiveness has waned with the emergence of escape variants. Here we sought to determine the concentration of convalescent immunoglobulin required to protect against disease from SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian golden hamster model. Methods Total IgG and IgM were isolated from plasma of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors. Dose titrations of IgG and IgM were infused into hamsters 1 day prior to challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1. Results The IgM preparation was found to have ~25-fold greater neutralization potency than IgG. IgG infusion protected hamsters from disease in a dose-dependent manner, with detectable serum neutralizing titers correlating with protection. Despite a higher in vitro neutralizing potency, IgM failed to protect against disease when transferred into hamsters. Discussion This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates neutralizing IgG antibodies are important for protection from SARS-CoV-2 disease, and confirms that polyclonal IgG in sera can be an effective preventative strategy if the neutralizing titers are sufficiently high. In the context of new variants, against which existing vaccines or monoclonal antibodies have reduced efficacy, sera from individuals who have recovered from infection with the emerging variant may potentially remain an efficacious tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ursula Tran
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathan D. Jackson
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erica Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Zemil
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily Tourtellott-Fogt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Victoria R. Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
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23
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Characterization of Cytokines and Proliferation Marker Ki-67 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Recurring Nasal Polyps. Adv Respir Med 2022; 90:451-466. [DOI: 10.3390/arm90050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the presence of polyps, affecting between 2.7% and 4.4% of the population. Cytokine analysis has become important in research on inflammatory mechanisms in CRSwNP. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the complex appearance, relative distribution, and interlinks of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and Ki-67 in CRSwNP. Methods: Samples of nasal polyps were obtained from 19 patients with previously diagnosed CRSwNP and the recurrence of polyps after previous surgeries. The control group consisted of samples from 17 otherwise healthy individuals with isolated nasal septum deviations. Tissues were stained for previously mentioned cytokines and Ki-67 immunohistochemically. Results: Polyp samples showed an increased presence of cytokines in subepithelial connective tissue and a decreased appearance in epithelium when compared to controls. There were several very strong, strong, and moderate correlations among factors. Conclusions: IL-6 strongly correlates with other cytokines as well as with the proliferation marker Ki-67, which suggests significant stimulation of this regulatory cytokine and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of recurrent nasal polyps. IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12 correlate with Ki-67, which suggests the possible involvement of these cytokines in tissue cell proliferation in the case of recurrent nasal polyps.
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24
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Maciag SS, Bellaver FV, Bombassaro G, Haach V, Morés MAZ, Baron LF, Coldebella A, Bastos AP. On the influence of the source of porcine colostrum in the development of early immune ontogeny in piglets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15630. [PMID: 36115917 PMCID: PMC9482628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects on the ontogeny of serum cytokines and immune cells caused by feeding suckling piglets with sow/gilt colostrum and milk replacer was assessed in the present study. After farrowing, the piglets born were randomized into six groups: GG and SS (n = 10/group): piglets were kept with their dam; GS (n = 10): piglets were changed from gilts to sows; SG (n = 10): piglets were changed from sows to gilts; GMR (n = 6) and SMR (n = 8): piglets from either gilts or sows were isolated from the dams and were bottle-fed ad libitum with commercial formula milk replacer. The piglets remained in the groups during the first 24 h of life and were later returned to their respective mothers. Serum immunoglobulin concentration and lymphocyte proliferation from the blood, spleen, thymus, and mesenteric lymph node of the piglets were assessed at 24 h and at 28 days of age. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured through a cytokine multiplex assay at 24 h. Overall, piglets suckling on sows (SS and GS) had a higher concentration of serum immunoglobulin at 24 h, which was also associated with a rise in plasma cytokine concentration and greater ability of B and T cells from lymphatic organs and blood mononuclear cells to respond to mitogens. We suggest a bias towards Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-cell polarizing and cytokines during the suckling period, which may be influenced by maternal immunological factors in the colostrum, such as dam parity. All findings suggest sow parity having a possible role, which may contribute to exerting a modulating action on immune response development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiana Salete Maciag
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná - Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Haach
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Bastos
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná - Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
- Embrapa Suínos E Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
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25
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Melcher C, Yu J, Duong VHH, Westphal K, Helmi Siasi Farimany N, Shaverskyi A, Zhao B, Strowig T, Glage S, Brand K, Chan AC, Föger N, Lee KH. B cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms control tumor-promoting intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111051. [PMID: 35830810 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying tumor-promoting inflammatory processes in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remain largely elusive. Here, we provide genetic evidence for distinct B cell-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms that protect from chronic colitis versus CAC. We demonstrate an inherent capacity of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin A (IgA) plasma cells (PCs) upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Our data show that B cell-derived IL-10 is essential to limit pathogenic T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 T cell responses during chronic colitis, while IgA PCs derived from IL-10+ B cells are being implicated in restraining tumorigenesis during CAC. Formation of a tumor-protective intestinal environment was associated with clonal expansion of specific types of colonic IgA PCs and development of an altered microbiota that attenuated CAC. We thus propose that regulatory B cell-mediated immunomodulation entails temporal release of IL-10, which is superseded by the generation of specific IgA affecting the microbial community, thereby controlling chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in a distinctive but interrelated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Melcher
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jinbo Yu
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vu Huy Hoang Duong
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Noushin Helmi Siasi Farimany
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Shaverskyi
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Experimental Pathology, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Niko Föger
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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26
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NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections. Commun Biol 2022; 5:674. [PMID: 35798936 PMCID: PMC9262959 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection induces tissue damage including lymph node (LN) fibrosis and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption leading to bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Natural hosts of SIV, such as African Green Monkeys (AGM), do not display tissue damage despite high viral load in blood and intestinal mucosa. AGM mount a NK cell-mediated control of SIVagm replication in peripheral LN. We analyzed if NK cells also control SIVagm in mesenteric (mes) LN and if this has an impact on gut humoral responses and the production of IgA known for their anti-inflammatory role in the gut. We show that CXCR5 + NK cell frequencies increase in mesLN upon SIVagm infection and that NK cells migrate into and control viral replication in B cell follicles (BCF) of mesLN. The proportion of IgA+ memory B cells were increased in mesLN during SIVagm infection in contrast to SIVmac infection. Total IgA levels in gut remained normal during SIVagm infection, while strongly decreased in intestine of chronically SIVmac-infected macaques. Our data suggest an indirect impact of NK cell-mediated viral control in mesLN during SIVagm infection on preserved BCF function and IgA production in intestinal tissues. Differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections are investigated, in terms of NK cell location, function and IgA responses in gut associated lymphoid tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes, jejunum, ileon, colon).
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27
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Sui Y, Li J, Andersen H, Zhang R, Prabhu SK, Hoang T, Venzon D, Cook A, Brown R, Teow E, Velasco J, Pessaint L, Moore IN, Lagenaur L, Talton J, Breed MW, Kramer J, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Choo-Wosoba H, Lewis MG, Wang LX, Berzofsky JA. An intranasally administrated SARS-CoV-2 beta variant subunit booster vaccine prevents beta variant replication in rhesus macaques. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac091. [PMID: 35873792 PMCID: PMC9295201 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning of vaccine/infection-induced immunity pose threats to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective, safe, and convenient booster vaccines are in need. We hypothesized that a variant-modified mucosal booster vaccine might induce local immunity to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection at the port of entry. The beta-variant is one of the hardest to cross-neutralize. Herein, we assessed the protective efficacy of an intranasal booster composed of beta variant-spike protein S1 with IL-15 and TLR agonists in previously immunized macaques. The macaques were first vaccinated with Wuhan strain S1 with the same adjuvant. A total of 1 year later, negligibly detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody remained. Nevertheless, the booster induced vigorous humoral immunity including serum- and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-IgG, secretory nasal- and BAL-IgA, and neutralizing antibody against the original strain and/or beta variant. Beta-variant S1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were also elicited in PBMC and BAL. Following SARS-CoV-2 beta variant challenge, the vaccinated group demonstrated significant protection against viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with almost full protection in the nasal cavity. The fact that one intranasal beta-variant booster administrated 1 year after the first vaccination provoked protective immunity against beta variant infections may inform future SARS-CoV-2 booster design and administration timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sunaina K Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Laurel Lagenaur
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jim Talton
- Alchem Laboratories, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Josh Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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28
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Thomas SN, Karger AB, Altawallbeh G, Nelson KM, Jacobs DR, Gorlin J, Barcelo H, Thyagarajan B. Ultrasensitive detection of salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in individuals with natural and COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8890. [PMID: 35614113 PMCID: PMC9132168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility of a highly sensitive immunoassay method based on single molecule array (Simoa) technology to detect IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) in saliva from individuals with natural or vaccine-induced COVID-19 immunity. The performance of the method was compared to a laboratory-developed SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paired serum and saliva specimens were collected from individuals (n = 40) prior to and 2 weeks after receiving an initial prime COVID-19 vaccine dose (Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 or Moderna mRNA-1273). Saliva was collected using a commercially available collection device (OraSure Inc.) and SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies were measured by an indirect ELISA using concentrated saliva samples and a Simoa immunoassay using unconcentrated saliva samples. The IgG results were compared with paired serum specimens that were analyzed for total RBD antibodies using the ELISA method. The analytical sensitivity of the saliva-based Simoa immunoassay was five orders of magnitude higher than the ELISA assay: 0.24 pg/mL compared to 15 ng/mL. The diagnostic sensitivity of the saliva ELISA method was 90% (95% CI 76.3-97.2%) compared to 91.7% (95% CI 77.5-98.2%) for the Simoa immunoassay without total IgG-normalization and 100% (95% CI 90.3-100%) for the Simoa immunoassay after total IgG-normalization when compared to the serum ELISA assay. When analyzed using the SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibody ELISA, the average relative increase in antibody index (AI) between the saliva of the post- and pre-vaccinated individuals was 8.7 (AIpost/pre). An average relative increase of 431 pg/mL was observed when the unconcentrated saliva specimens were analyzed using the Simoa immunoassay (SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgGpost/pre). These findings support the suitability of concentrated saliva specimens for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies via ELISA, and unconcentrated saliva specimens for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and IgA using an ultrasensitive Simoa immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ghaith Altawallbeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Intermountain Central Laboratory, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Kathryn M Nelson
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jed Gorlin
- Memorial Blood Centers-A Division of New York Blood Center Enterprises, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Helene Barcelo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Johnston SC, Ricks KM, Lakhal-Naouar I, Jay A, Subra C, Raymond JL, King HAD, Rossi F, Clements TL, Fetterer D, Tostenson S, Cincotta CM, Hack HR, Kuklis C, Soman S, King J, Peachman KK, Kim D, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Martinez EJ, Hajduczki A, Chang WC, Choe M, Thomas PV, Peterson CE, Anderson A, Swafford I, Currier JR, Paquin-Proulx D, Jagodzinski LL, Matyas GR, Rao M, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, White L, Smith JM, Hooper JW, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Joyce MG, Nalca A, Bolton DL, Pitt MLM. A SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccine Is Protective and Promotes a Strong Immunological Response in the Cynomolgus Macaque Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050717. [PMID: 35632473 PMCID: PMC9145473 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a staggering impact on social, economic, and public health systems worldwide. Vaccine development and mobilization against SARS-CoV-2 (the etiologic agent of COVID-19) has been rapid. However, novel strategies are still necessary to slow the pandemic, and this includes new approaches to vaccine development and/or delivery that will improve vaccination compliance and demonstrate efficacy against emerging variants. Here, we report on the immunogenicity and efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprising stabilized, pre-fusion spike protein trimers displayed on a ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) adjuvanted with either conventional aluminum hydroxide or the Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ) in a cynomolgus macaque COVID-19 model. Vaccination resulted in robust cell-mediated and humoral responses and a significant reduction in lung lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The strength of the immune response suggests that dose sparing through reduced or single dosing in primates may be possible with this vaccine. Overall, the data support further evaluation of SpFN as a SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccine candidate with attention to fractional dosing and schedule optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Alexandra Jay
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jo Lynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Hannah A. D. King
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Franco Rossi
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - David Fetterer
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Samantha Tostenson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Holly R. Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Kristina K. Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Rajeshwer S. Sankhala
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Elizabeth J. Martinez
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - William C. Chang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Misook Choe
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Paul V. Thomas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Caroline E. Peterson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Alexander Anderson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Linda L. Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sheila A. Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Lauren White
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - M. Gordon Joyce
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Core Support Directorate, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Margaret L. M. Pitt
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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Rampoldi F, Prinz I. Three Layers of Intestinal γδ T Cells Talk Different Languages With the Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849954. [PMID: 35422795 PMCID: PMC9004464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of our body are the main contact site where the immune system encounters non-self molecules from food-derived antigens, pathogens, and symbiotic bacteria. γδ T cells are one of the most abundant populations in the gut. Firstly, they include intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, which screen and maintain the intestinal barrier integrity in close contact with the epithelium. A second layer of intestinal γδ T cells is found among lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL)s. These γδ LPLs are able to produce IL-17 and likely have functional overlap with local Th17 cells and innate lymphoid cells. In addition, a third population of γδ T cells resides within the Peyer´s patches, where it is probably involved in antigen presentation and supports the mucosal humoral immunity. Current obstacles in understanding γδ T cells in the gut include the lack of information on cognate ligands of the γδ TCR and an incomplete understanding of their physiological role. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about different subpopulations of γδ T cells in the murine and human gut and we discuss their interactions with the gut microbiota in the context of homeostasis and pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Dembic Z. Defending and Integrating an Organism by the Immune System. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13172. [PMID: 35416326 PMCID: PMC9285719 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Integrity model proposes that the adaptive immune response defends, protects and keeps vigilance over the unity of an organism. These functions conceptually rely on three signals that can explain them. All signals have a dual character. The signal‐1 is the recognition of antigen or peptide/MHC ligand. The signal‐2 comprises either help and costimulation or suppression and coinhibition. Lastly, the signal‐3 signals tissues' condition, state or integrity. A part overlaps with the Danger‐associated molecular patterns, and the other part should be detected by putative cell‐surface molecules, intracellular factors or epigenetic events. They are called the Integrity‐associated molecular patterns (IAMPs). The IAMPs originate from damaged (positive signal‐3) or undamaged (negative signal‐3) tissues. The positive signal‐3 would induce costimulatory signal‐2, whereas the negative signal‐3 would induce coinhibitory signal‐2 in APCs. However, in analogue reality, we might more likely encounter a range of signals supposedly sensed by a group of responder cells and integrated overtime (quorum sensing). The predominant option would sway the decision of the immune system to perform either defence or protection (active tolerance). Thus, the quorum sensing supposedly delivers two qualitative thresholds for T (and B) cells' decisions to defend or suppress. If these were not attained, the vigilance (anergy) of adaptive immunocytes for T‐dependent antigens would ensue. These functions provide defence against pathogens and preservation of unity/integrity of an organism, which in turn permits protection of commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Dembic
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Norway
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The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients on Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity, Survival, and Eradication: A Crosstalk between Micronutrients and Immune System. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4713684. [PMID: 35340586 PMCID: PMC8942682 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen is correlated with a variety of severe gastroduodenal diseases; therefore, H. pylori eradication has become a priority to prevent gastric carcinogenesis. However, due to the emergence and spread of multidrug and single drug resistance mechanisms in H. pylori, as well as serious side effects of currently used antibiotic interventions, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Recent studies expressed the intention of seeking novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extragastrointestinal disorders. For which, vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated in many studies to have a tight interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response. On the other hand, H. pylori infection is reported to result in micronutrient malabsorption or deficiency. Furthermore, serum levels of particular micronutrients, especially vitamin D, are inversely correlated to the risk of H. pylori infection and eradication failure. Accordingly, vitamin supplementation might increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication and reduce the risk of drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the regulatory role of micronutrients in H. pylori-induced host immune response and their potential capacity, as intrinsic antioxidants, for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss the uncovered mechanisms underlying the molecular and serological interactions between micronutrients and H. pylori infection to present a perspective for innovative in vitro investigations, as well as novel clinical implications.
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Abstract
AbstractIn B cells, IgD is expressed together with IgM through alternative splicing of primary VHDJH-Cμ-s-m-Cδ-s-m RNAs, and also through IgD class switch DNA recombination (CSR) via double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) and synapse of Sμ with σδ. How such DSBs are resolved is still unknown, despite our previous report showing that Rad52 effects the ‘short-range’ microhomology-mediated synapsis of intra-Sμ region DSBs. Here we find that induction of IgD CSR downregulates Zfp318, and promotes Rad52 phosphorylation and recruitment to Sμ and σδ, thereby leading to alternative end-joining (A-EJ)-mediated Sμ-σδ recombination with extensive microhomologies, VHDJH-Cδs transcription and sustained IgD secretion. Rad52 ablation in mouse Rad52−/− B cells aborts IgD CSR in vitro and in vivo and dampens the specific IgD antibody response to OVA. Rad52 knockdown in human B cells also abrogates IgD CSR. Finally, Rad52 phosphorylation is associated with high levels of IgD CSR and anti-nuclear IgD autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in lupus-prone mice. Our findings thus show that Rad52 mediates IgD CSR through microhomology-mediated A-EJ in concert with Zfp318 downregulation.
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Haga S, Suzuki Y, Miwa M, Kubota K, Sakatani M. Changes in immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G concentrations in the saliva of Japanese Black beef cows during calving: A pilot study. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13793. [PMID: 36502271 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva, mostly consisting of secretory IgA, plays an important role in the mucosal immune mechanism. This study evaluated changes in salivary IgA and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in Japanese Black cows (n = 16) during calving. Individual saliva samples were collected -2, 0, and 2 weeks postpartum. Immunoglobulin concentrations differed significantly among weeks (P < 0.05), but the effect of parity and week × parity was insignificant. Salivary IgA concentrations decreased drastically (P < 0.05) after calving compared with those at -2 weeks postpartum and remained low until 2 weeks postpartum. The salivary IgG concentrations decreased gradually during peripartum and differed at -2 and 2 weeks postpartum (P < 0.05). Considering the immunoglobulin concentrations at -2 weeks postpartum as the reference standard for 100%, the rates of decrease in IgA concentrations (36.7 ± 6.9%) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of IgG (70.3 ± 10.1%) at calving day. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that salivary IgA concentrations decreased drastically after calving in Japanese Black cows. Further studies monitoring the secretory functions of IgA in the salivary gland are essential for understanding maternal immunity in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Haga
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miwa
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaiyu Kubota
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miki Sakatani
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tochigi, Japan
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Carsuzaa F, Béquignon É, Dufour X, de Bonnecaze G, Lecron JC, Favot L. Cytokine Signature and Involvement in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010417. [PMID: 35008843 PMCID: PMC8745309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are well known to play a central role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), particularly in maintenance of the inflammatory response and the recruitment of eosinophils. The pathophysiological concepts concerning the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in CRSwNP have gradually evolved. Although the Th2 cytokines environment associated with an eosinophilic infiltration has retained a central role in the genesis of polyps, the role of other cytokine subpopulations has also and more recently been detailed, leading to a specific and complex signature in CRSwNP. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge about the cytokine signature in CRSwNP, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of this disease and in the intercellular dialog between epithelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Knowledge of this precise cytokine signature in CRSwNP is fundamental in the perspective of potential targeting biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Carsuzaa
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.L.); (L.F.)
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-49-44-43-28
| | - Émilie Béquignon
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor et Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France;
- INSERM U955, Équipe 13, Centre Henri Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Dufour
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.L.); (L.F.)
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Guillaume de Bonnecaze
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.L.); (L.F.)
- Service Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Favot
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France; (X.D.); (J.-C.L.); (L.F.)
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Márquez-Coello M, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Martín-Aspas A, Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo C, Illanes-Álvarez F, Cuesta-Sancho S, Girón-González JA. Neutrophil Expression of T and B Immunomodulatory Molecules in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670966. [PMID: 34975826 PMCID: PMC8718872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveEvaluate the expression of B and T cell immunomodulatory molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in HIV-infected patients.MethodsHIV load, bacterial translocation and neutrophils’ expression of T [programmed death ligand, interleukin-10+, arginase 1+] and B [BAFF, APRIL] molecules were analyzed in different cohorts and time points: a control group of 25 healthy individuals and two groups of HIV-infected patients. Group 1 of patients included 35 untreated patients, studied at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Group 2 was composed of 25 patients with undetectable viral load after a median of 101 months of ART prior to inclusion in the study.ResultsCompared with the control group, group 1 patients showed increased bacterial translocation and their PMN had a significantly higher expression of T and B-cell immunomodulatory molecules, both at baseline and after 12 months of ART. Group 2 patients showed reduced bacterial translocation levels when compared with group 1 patients after 12 months of treatment. PMN expression of B-cell modulators was similar between group 2 patients and healthy controls, although the expression of T-cell modulators remained increased.ConclusionIn HIV-infected patients, the expression of B-cell stimulatory and T-cell suppressive molecules by neutrophils was increased at baseline and after a limited time of therapy. After a prolonged period of ART, only PMNs expression of T-cell immunosuppressive molecules remained elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Márquez-Coello
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Aspas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Clotilde Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Illanes-Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sara Cuesta-Sancho
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Girón-González
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: José-Antonio Girón-González,
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Nelson SA, Sant AJ. Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:808527. [PMID: 34970279 PMCID: PMC8712562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Casali P, Li S, Morales G, Daw CC, Chupp DP, Fisher AD, Zan H. Epigenetic Modulation of Class-Switch DNA Recombination to IgA by miR-146a Through Downregulation of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761450. [PMID: 34868004 PMCID: PMC8635144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the predominant antibody isotype at intestinal mucosae, where it plays a critical role in homeostasis and provides a first line of immune protection. Dysregulation of IgA production, however, can contribute to immunopathology, particularly in kidneys in which IgA deposition can cause nephropathy. Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) to IgA is directed by TGF-β signaling, which activates Smad2 and Smad3. Activated Smad2/Smad3 dimers are recruited together with Smad4 to the IgH α locus Iα promoter to activate germline Iα-Cα transcription, the first step in the unfolding of CSR to IgA. Epigenetic factors, such as non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, have been shown to regulate T cells, dendritic cells and other immune elements, as well as modulate the antibody response, including CSR, in a B cell-intrinsic fashion. Here we showed that the most abundant miRNA in resting B cells, miR-146a targets Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA 3'UTRs and keeps CSR to IgA in check in resting B cells. Indeed, enforced miR-146a expression in B cells aborted induction of IgA CSR by decreasing Smad levels. By contrast, upon induction of CSR to IgA, as directed by TGF-β, B cells downregulated miR-146a, thereby reversing the silencing of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4, which, once expressed, led to recruitment of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 to the Iα promoter for activation of germline Iα-Cα transcription. Deletion of miR-146a in miR-146a-/- mice significantly increased circulating levels of steady state total IgA, but not IgM, IgG or IgE, and heightened the specific IgA antibody response to OVA. In miR-146a-/- mice, the elevated systemic IgA levels were associated with increased IgA+ B cells in intestinal mucosae, increased amounts of fecal free and bacteria-bound IgA as well as kidney IgA deposition, a hallmark of IgA nephropathy. Increased germline Iα-Cα transcription and CSR to IgA in miR-146a-/- B cells in vitro proved that miR-146a-induced Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 repression is B cell intrinsic. The B cell-intrinsic role of miR-146a in the modulation of CSR to IgA was formally confirmed in vivo by construction and OVA immunization of mixed bone marrow μMT/miR-146a-/- chimeric mice. Thus, by inhibiting Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 expression, miR-146a plays an important and B cell intrinsic role in modulation of CSR to IgA and the IgA antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Boustani K, Ghai P, Invernizzi R, Hewitt RJ, Maher TM, Li QZ, Molyneaux PL, Harker JA. Autoantibodies are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage but not circulation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2021; 8:00481-2021. [PMID: 35174247 PMCID: PMC8841989 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00481-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) has previously been associated with the presence of autoantibody. While studies have focused on systemic autoimmunity, the role of local autoantibodies in the airways remains unknown. We therefore extensively characterised the airway and peripheral autoantibody profiles in patients with fILD, and assessed association with disease severity and outcome. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected from a cohort of fILD patients and total BAL antibody concentrations were quantified. An autoantigen microarray was used to measure IgG and IgA autoantibodies against 122 autoantigens in BAL from 40 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 20 chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), 20 connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) patients and 20 controls. Results A subset of patients with fILD but not healthy controls had a local autoimmune signature in their BAL that was not present systemically, regardless of disease. The proportion of patients with IPF with a local autoantibody signature was comparable to that of CTD-ILD, which has a known autoimmune pathology, identifying a potentially novel subset of patients. The presence of an airway autoimmune signature was not associated with reduced survival probability or changes in lung function in the cohort as a whole. Patients with IPF had increased BAL total IgA and IgG1 while subjects with CHP had increased BAL IgA, IgG1 and IgG4. In patients with CHP, increased BAL total IgA was associated with reduced survival probability. Conclusion Airway autoantibodies that are not present systemically identify a group of patients with fILD and the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies contribute to disease requires further investigation. Autoantibodies are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage but not circulation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung diseasehttps://bit.ly/3CNvKjj
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Jearanaiwitayakul T, Apichirapokey S, Chawengkirttikul R, Limthongkul J, Seesen M, Jakaew P, Trisiriwanich S, Sapsutthipas S, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112202. [PMID: 34835008 PMCID: PMC8617950 DOI: 10.3390/v13112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has currently created an unprecedented threat to human society and global health. A rapid mass vaccination to create herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial measure to ease the spread of this disease. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate, a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein encapsulated in N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan particles or S-TMC NPs. Upon intraperitoneal immunization, S-TMC NP-immunized mice elicited a stronger systemic antibody response, with neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, than mice receiving the soluble form of S-glycoprotein. S-TMC NPs were able to stimulate the circulating IgG and IgA as found in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In addition, spike-specific T cell responses were drastically activated in S-TMC NP-immunized mice. Surprisingly, administration of S-TMC NPs via the intraperitoneal route also stimulated SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in the respiratory tract, which were demonstrated by the presence of high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA in the lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavages of the immunized mice. We found that peritoneal immunization with spike nanospheres stimulates both systemic and respiratory mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Suttikarn Apichirapokey
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Runglawan Chawengkirttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Mathurin Seesen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Phissinee Jakaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Sakalin Trisiriwanich
- Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Sompong Sapsutthipas
- Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.A.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Shah S, Chougule MB, Kotha AK, Kashikar R, Godugu C, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Nanomedicine based approaches for combating viral infections. J Control Release 2021; 338:80-104. [PMID: 34375690 PMCID: PMC8526416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people die each year from viral infections across the globe. There is an urgent need to overcome the existing gap and pitfalls of the current antiviral therapy which include increased dose and dosing frequency, bioavailability challenges, non-specificity, incidences of resistance and so on. These stumbling blocks could be effectively managed by the advent of nanomedicine. Current review emphasizes over an enhanced understanding of how different lipid, polymer and elemental based nanoformulations could be potentially and precisely used to bridle the said drawbacks in antiviral therapy. The dawn of nanotechnology meeting vaccine delivery, role of RNAi therapeutics in antiviral treatment regimen, various regulatory concerns towards clinical translation of nanomedicine along with current trends and implications including unexplored research avenues for advancing the current drug delivery have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahavir Bhupal Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA; Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Arun K Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA; Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Rama Kashikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA; Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Improves the Selenium Status and Helps to Maintain Broiler Performances under a High Stocking Density and Heat Stress Conditions through a Better Redox and Immune Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101542. [PMID: 34679677 PMCID: PMC8532863 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has determined whether hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) exerts a better protective action on broilers against environmental stress than sodium selenite (SS) or seleno-yeast (SY). Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (12 cages/diet, 9 broilers/cage) were fed a selenium (Se)-deficient diet (0.047 mg/kg) supplemented with SS, SY or OH-SeMet at 0.3 mg Se/kg under a high stocking density and heat stress condition for six weeks. OH-SeMet improved the FCR and Se concentration in the tissues than SS and SY. SY and OH-SeMet both reduced the serum cortisol, T3, IL-6, IgA, IgM and LPS, more than SS, while only OH-SeMet further increased IL-10 and IgG. SY and OH-SeMet improved the intestinal morphology and increased the T-AOC, TXRND, SELENON and OCCLUDIN activities but decreased CLAUDIN2 in the jejunum than SS, while OH-SeMet further improved these values than SY. SY and OH-SeMet both increased SELENOS and TXNRD2 in the muscles than SS, and OH-SeMet further raised T-AOC, GPX4, SELENOP, SELENOW and TXNRD1, and reduced malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the muscles than SS and SY. OH-SeMet showed a better ability to maintain the performance and the redox and immune status of broilers under a high stocking density and heat stress challenge than SS and SY.
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Progress and challenges in mass spectrometry-based analysis of antibody repertoires. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:463-481. [PMID: 34535228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is divided into the cellular B cell and protein-level antibody responses. High-throughput sequencing has advanced our understanding of both these fundamental aspects of B cell immunology as well as aspects pertaining to vaccine and therapeutics biotechnology. Although the protein-level serum and mucosal antibody repertoire make major contributions to humoral protection, the sequence composition and dynamics of antibody repertoires remain underexplored. This limits insight into important immunological and biotechnological parameters such as the number of antigen-specific antibodies, which are for example, relevant for pathogen neutralization, microbiota regulation, severity of autoimmunity, and therapeutic efficacy. High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has allowed initial insights into the antibody repertoire. We outline current challenges in MS-based sequence analysis of antibody repertoires and propose strategies for their resolution.
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Martínez-López LM, Perez-Gonzalez A, Washington EA, Woodward AP, Roth-Schulze AJ, Dandrieux JRS, Johnstone T, Prakash N, Jex A, Mansfield C. Hierarchical modelling of immunoglobulin coated bacteria in dogs with chronic enteropathy shows reduction in coating with disease remission but marked inter-individual and treatment-response variability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255012. [PMID: 34411114 PMCID: PMC8376084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies are a common problem in dogs, but many aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown, making the therapeutic approach challenging in some cases. Environmental factors are intimately related to the development and perpetuation of gastrointestinal disease and the gut microbiome has been identified as a contributing factor. Previous studies have identified dysbiosis and reduced bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs with chronic enteropathies. In this case-controlled study, we use flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterise bacteria highly coated with IgA or IgG in faecal samples from dogs with chronic enteropathy and evaluated their correlation with disease and resolution of the clinical signs. IgA and IgG-coated faecal bacterial counts were significantly higher during active disease compared to healthy dogs and decreased with the resolution of the clinical signs. Characterisation of taxa-specific coating of the intestinal microbiota with IgA and IgG showed marked variation between dogs and disease states, and different patterns of immunoglobulin enrichment were observed in dogs with chronic enteropathy, particularly for Erysipelotrichaceae, Clostridicaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidaceae, families. Although, members of these bacterial groups have been associated with strong immunogenic properties and could potentially constitute important biomarkers of disease, their significance and role need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Martínez-López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis Perez-Gonzalez
- Melbourne Cytometry Platform, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P. Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julien R. S. Dandrieux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thurid Johnstone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathalee Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Jex
- Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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Soe PT, Hanthamrongwit J, Saelee C, Kyaw SP, Khaenam P, Warit S, Satproedprai N, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Chootong P, Leepiyasakulchai C. Circulating IgA/IgG memory B cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c in active and latent tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:75-82. [PMID: 34284090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the antigenic potential of dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by examining the persistence of specific IgG and IgA memory B cells (MBCs) among patients with active tuberculosis (TB), household contacts with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and an endemic healthy control group. METHODS Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the three study groups were used to enumerate the numbers of IgG and IgA MBCs specific to recombinant protein Rv2659c and Rv3128c by ELISpot assay. The composition of MBC subsets IgA+ and IgG + was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of IgA MBCs specific to antigen Rv2659c was significantly higher in the LTBI group than the TB group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in IgA or IgG MBCs against antigen Rv3128c. The number of IgA+ MBCs was significantly higher than that of IgG+ MBCs in the classical MBC subset of the LTBI group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the dormancy-associated antigen Rv2659c induced an IgA MBCs response in individuals with latent TB, and IgA+ classical MBCs formed a major portion of the MBCs subset. This new knowledge will be beneficial for the development of novel TB vaccines and their control of latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Thwe Soe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Jariya Hanthamrongwit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutiphon Saelee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soe Paing Kyaw
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, (1000) Bedded General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- Industrial Tuberculosis Team, IMMBRG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nusara Satproedprai
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Guo M, Tao W, Liu X, Wei H, Jin T, Zhang Y, Zhu S. The Potential Role of an Aberrant Mucosal Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070881. [PMID: 34358031 PMCID: PMC8308514 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global concern. Immunoglobin A (IgA) contributes to virus neutralization at the early stage of infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA production persists for a longer time in patients recovered from severe COVID-19 and its lasting symptoms that can have disabling consequences should also be alerted to susceptible hosts. Here, we tracked the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody levels in a cohort of 88 COVID-19 patients. We found that 52.3% of the patients produced more anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgA than IgG or IgM, and the levels of IgA remained stable during 4–41 days of infection. One of these IgA-dominant COVID-19 patients, concurrently with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), presented with elevated serum creatinine and worse proteinuria during the infection, which continued until seven months post-infection. The serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD and total IgA were higher in this patient than in healthy controls. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increased IgA highly coated bacteria, and elevated concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 were indicative of potential involvement of intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation to the systemic IgA level and, consequently, the disease progression. Collectively, our work highlighted the potential adverse effect of the mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that additional care should be taken with COVID-19 patients presenting with chronic diseases such as IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (W.T.)
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (W.T.)
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Wanyin Tao
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (W.T.)
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Xingzi Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China; (Z.Z.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (G.Z.); (M.G.); (W.T.)
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
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Tsuruta T, Muhomah TA, Sonoyama K, Nguyen QD, Takase Y, Nishijima A, Himoto S, Katsumata E, Nishino N. Aicda deficiency exacerbates high-fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia but not gut dysbiosis in mice. Nutr Res 2021; 93:15-26. [PMID: 34332207 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a major antibody in the gut. We previously observed that a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces IgA reactivity to gut microbiota, but the physiological implications have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by a HFD may contribute to development of gut dysbiosis and inflammation that accompanies HFD feeding. To test our hypothesis, we used Aicda deficient mice, which have a deficiency in IgA production. Aicda deficient mice and wild-type mice were fed normal-fat diet or HFD for 12 weeks. We found that HFD feeding but not Aicda deficiency altered the fecal microbiota composition. Meanwhile, Aicda deficiency significantly increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum, but not in the colon despite no significant difference between diets. These results suggest that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by HFD partly contributes to development of inflammation in the ileum, but not to gut dysbiosis. We also found that the fasting blood insulin level was significantly increased by Aicda deficiency only under HFD feeding. Furthermore, the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein1, a major chemokine responsible for the onset of hyperinsulinemia, in the liver was significantly increased by HFD feeding and tended to be increased by Aicda deficiency. These findings suggest that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by HFD contributes to hyperinsulinemia partly via increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Teresia Aluoch Muhomah
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Qui D Nguyen
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yurika Takase
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aoi Nishijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shiori Himoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Emiko Katsumata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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48
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Alba C, Aparicio M, González-Martínez F, González-Sánchez MI, Pérez-Moreno J, Toledo Del Castillo B, Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez-Fernández R, Fernández L. Nasal and Fecal Microbiota and Immunoprofiling of Infants With and Without RSV Bronchiolitis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667832. [PMID: 34140944 PMCID: PMC8203809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis associated with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants aged < 1 year. The main objective of this work was to assess the nasal and fecal microbiota and immune profiles in infants with RSV bronchiolitis, and to compare them with those of healthy infants. For this purpose, a total of 58 infants with RSV-positive bronchiolitis and 17 healthy infants (aged < 18 months) were recruited in this case-control study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Nasal and fecal samples were obtained and submitted to bacterial microbiota analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing and to analysis of several immune factors related to inflammatory processes. Nasal samples in which Haemophilus and/or Moraxella accounted for > 20% of the total sequences were exclusively detected among infants of the bronchiolitis group. In this group, the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were significantly lower than in nasal samples from the control group while the opposite was observed for those of Haemophilus and Mannheimia. Fecal bacterial microbiota of infants with bronchiolitis was similar to that of healthy infants. Significant differences were obtained between bronchiolitis and control groups for both the frequency of detection and concentration of BAFF/TNFSF13B and sTNF.R1 in nasal samples. The concentration of BAFF/TNFSF13B was also significantly higher in fecal samples from the bronchiolitis group. In conclusion, signatures of RSV-associated bronchiolitis have been found in this study, including dominance of Haemophilus and a high concentration of BAFF/TNFSF13B, IL-8 and sTNF.R1 in nasal samples, and a high fecal concentration of BAFF/TNFSF13B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe González-Martínez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel González-Sánchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Toledo Del Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ketas TJ, Chaturbhuj D, Portillo VMC, Francomano E, Golden E, Chandrasekhar S, Debnath G, Díaz-Tapia R, Yasmeen A, Kramer KD, Munawar T, Leconet W, Zhao Z, Brouwer PJ, Cushing MM, Sanders RW, Cupo A, Klasse PJ, Formenti SC, Moore JP. Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Are Detectable in Saliva. Pathog Immun 2021; 6:116-134. [PMID: 34136730 PMCID: PMC8201795 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v6i1.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The approved Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are well known to induce serum antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-protein. However, their abilities to elicit mucosal immune responses have not been reported. Saliva antibodies represent mucosal responses that may be relevant to how mRNA vaccines prevent oral and nasal SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we describe the outcome of a cross-sectional study on a healthcare worker cohort (WELCOME-NYPH), in which we assessed whether IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the S-protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were present in serum and saliva samples. Anti-S-protein IgG was detected in 14/31 and 66/66 of saliva samples from uninfected participants after vaccine doses-1 and -2, respectively. IgA antibodies to the S-protein were present in 40/66 saliva samples after dose 2. Anti-S-protein IgG was present in every serum sample from recipients of 2 vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the RBD were also frequently present in saliva and sera. These findings may help our understanding of whether and how vaccines may impede SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including to oral cavity target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- TJK and DC made equal contributions to this paper
| | - Devidas Chaturbhuj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- TJK and DC made equal contributions to this paper
| | | | - Erik Francomano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Encouse Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Gargi Debnath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Randy Díaz-Tapia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kyle D. Kramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tarek Munawar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Wilhelm Leconet
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Philip J.M. Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Current address: Antibody Research & Technology, Genmab Inc
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50
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Ellis PJI. Modelling suggests ABO histo-incompatibility may substantially reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Epidemics 2021; 35:100446. [PMID: 33706041 PMCID: PMC7919530 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several independent datasets suggest blood type A is over-represented and type O under-represented among COVID-19 patients. However, blood group antigens appear not to be conventional susceptibility factors in that they do not affect disease severity, and the relative risk to non-O individuals is attenuated when population prevalence is high. Here, I model a scenario in which ABO transfusion incompatibility reduces the chance of a patient transmitting the virus to an incompatible recipient - thus in Western populations type A and AB individuals are "super-recipients" while type O individuals are "super-spreaders". This results in an offset in the timing of the epidemic among individuals of different blood types, and an increased relative risk to type A/AB patients that is most pronounced during early stages of the epidemic. However, once the majority of any given population is infected, the relative risk to each blood type approaches unity. Published data on COVID-19 prevalence from regions in the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic suggests that if this model holds true, ABO incompatibility reduces virus transmissibility by at least 60 %. Exploring the implications of this model for vaccination strategies shows that paradoxically, targeted vaccination of either high-susceptibility type A/AB or "super-spreader" type O individuals is less effective than random vaccination at blocking community spread of the virus. Instead, the key is to maintain blood type diversity among the remaining susceptible individuals. Given the good agreement between this model and observational data on disease prevalence, the underlying biochemistry urgently requires experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J I Ellis
- University of Kent School of Biosciences, Stacey Building, Canterbury, KENT, CT2 7NZ, UK.
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