1
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Poller W, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Landmesser U, Krichevsky AM. Exploration of the Noncoding Genome for Human-Specific Therapeutic Targets-Recent Insights at Molecular and Cellular Level. Cells 2023; 12:2660. [PMID: 37998395 PMCID: PMC10670380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that 98-99% of the human genome does not encode proteins, but are nevertheless transcriptionally active and give rise to a broad spectrum of noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs] with complex regulatory and structural functions, specific functions have so far been assigned to only a tiny fraction of all known transcripts. On the other hand, the striking observation of an overwhelmingly growing fraction of ncRNAs, in contrast to an only modest increase in the number of protein-coding genes, during evolution from simple organisms to humans, strongly suggests critical but so far essentially unexplored roles of the noncoding genome for human health and disease pathogenesis. Research into the vast realm of the noncoding genome during the past decades thus lead to a profoundly enhanced appreciation of the multi-level complexity of the human genome. Here, we address a few of the many huge remaining knowledge gaps and consider some newly emerging questions and concepts of research. We attempt to provide an up-to-date assessment of recent insights obtained by molecular and cell biological methods, and by the application of systems biology approaches. Specifically, we discuss current data regarding two topics of high current interest: (1) By which mechanisms could evolutionary recent ncRNAs with critical regulatory functions in a broad spectrum of cell types (neural, immune, cardiovascular) constitute novel therapeutic targets in human diseases? (2) Since noncoding genome evolution is causally linked to brain evolution, and given the profound interactions between brain and immune system, could human-specific brain-expressed ncRNAs play a direct or indirect (immune-mediated) role in human diseases? Synergistic with remarkable recent progress regarding delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies, the ongoing large-scale exploration of the noncoding genome for human-specific therapeutic targets is encouraging to proceed with the development and clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic pathways suggested by these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Gene & Cell Therapy Institute, Mass General Brigham, 65 Landsdowne St, Suite 143, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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2
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Pichichero ME. Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104777. [PMID: 37866234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota and metabolome: antibiotic exposure, breast versus formula feeding, and Caesarian section versus vaginal delivery of newborns. How microbiota may serve as natural adjuvants for vaccine responses and how microbiota-derived metabolites influence vaccine responses are also reviewed. Early life poor vaccine responsiveness can be linked to increased infection susceptibility because both phenotypes share similar immunity dysregulation profiles. An early life pre-vaccination endotype, when interventions have the highest potential for success, should be sought that predicts vaccine response trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
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3
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Siddiqa A, Wang Y, Thapa M, Martin DE, Cadar AN, Bartley JM, Li S. A pilot metabolomic study of drug interaction with the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 37308481 PMCID: PMC10261085 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including metabolic diseases, are intertwined with the immune system. The understanding of how the human immune system interacts with pharmaceutical drugs is still limited, and epidemiological studies only start to emerge. As the metabolomics technology matures, both drug metabolites and biological responses can be measured in the same global profiling data. Therefore, a new opportunity presents itself to study the interactions between pharmaceutical drugs and immune system in the high-resolution mass spectrometry data. We report here a double-blinded pilot study of seasonal influenza vaccination, where half of the participants received daily metformin administration. Global metabolomics was measured in the plasma samples at six timepoints. Metformin signatures were successfully identified in the metabolomics data. Statistically significant metabolite features were found both for the vaccination effect and for the drug-vaccine interactions. This study demonstrates the concept of using metabolomics to investigate drug interaction with the immune response in human samples directly at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Yating Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Maheshwor Thapa
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andreia N Cadar
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Shuzhao Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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4
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Singh SP, Parween F, Edara N, Zhang HH, Chen J, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Cheng D, Oppenheim NA, Ransier A, Zhu W, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Darko SW, Singh TP, Douek DC, Myers TG, Farber JM. Human CCR6+ Th Cells Show Both an Extended Stable Gradient of Th17 Activity and Imprinted Plasticity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1700-1716. [PMID: 37093875 PMCID: PMC10463241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells have been investigated in mice primarily for their contributions to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathways of differentiation of Th17 and related Th cells (type 17 cells) and the structure of the type 17 memory population in humans are not well understood; such understanding is critical for manipulating these cells in vivo. By exploiting differences in levels of surface CCR6, we found that human type 17 memory cells, including individual T cell clonotypes, form an elongated continuum of type 17 character along which cells can be driven by increasing RORγt. This continuum includes cells preserved within the memory pool with potentials that reflect the early preferential activation of multiple over single lineages. The phenotypes and epigenomes of CCR6+ cells are stable across cell divisions under noninflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, activation in polarizing and nonpolarizing conditions can yield additional functionalities, revealing, respectively, both environmentally induced and imprinted mechanisms that contribute differentially across the type 17 continuum to yield the unusual plasticity ascribed to type 17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Farhat Parween
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nithin Edara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Hongwei H. Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Debby Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nicole A. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Amy Ransier
- Genome Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amirhossein Shamsaddini
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Paul J. Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Samuel W. Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
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5
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Abstract
Immunity to infection has been extensively studied in humans and mice bearing naturally occurring or experimentally introduced germline mutations. Mouse studies are sometimes neglected by human immunologists, on the basis that mice are not humans and the infections studied are experimental and not natural. Conversely, human studies are sometimes neglected by mouse immunologists, on the basis of the uncontrolled conditions of study and small numbers of patients. However, both sides would agree that the infectious phenotypes of patients with inborn errors of immunity often differ from those of the corresponding mutant mice. Why is that? We argue that this important question is best addressed by revisiting and reinterpreting the findings of both mouse and human studies from a genetic perspective. Greater caution is required for reverse-genetics studies than for forward-genetics studies, but genetic analysis is sufficiently strong to define the studies likely to stand the test of time. Genetically robust mouse and human studies can provide invaluable complementary insights into the mechanisms of immunity to infection common and specific to these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gros
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada;
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, and University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute and Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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6
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Rodriguez L, Pou C, Lakshmikanth T, Zhang J, Mugabo CH, Wang J, Mikes J, Olin A, Chen Y, Rorbach J, Juto JE, Li TQ, Julin P, Brodin P. Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:iqad003. [PMID: 37255930 PMCID: PMC10148714 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) previously also known as chronic fatigue syndrome is a heterogeneous, debilitating syndrome of unknown etiology responsible for long-lasting disability in millions of patients worldwide. The most well-known symptom of ME is post-exertional malaise, but many patients also experience autonomic dysregulation, cranial nerve dysfunction and signs of immune system activation. Many patients also report a sudden onset of disease following an infection. The brainstem is a suspected focal point in ME pathogenesis and patients with structural impairment to the brainstem often show ME-like symptoms. The brainstem is also where the vagus nerve originates, a critical neuro-immune interface and mediator of the inflammatory reflex which regulate systemic inflammation. Here, we report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial using intranasal mechanical stimulation targeting nerve endings in the nasal cavity, likely from the trigeminal nerve, possibly activating additional centers in the brainstem of ME patients and correlating with a ∼30% reduction in overall symptom scores after 8 weeks of treatment. By performing longitudinal, systems-level monitoring of the blood immune system in these patients, we uncover signs of chronic immune activation in ME, as well as immunological correlates of improvement that center around gut-homing immune cells and reduced inflammation. The mechanisms of symptom relief remain to be determined, but transcriptional analyses suggest an upregulation of disease tolerance mechanisms. We believe that these results are suggestive of ME as a condition explained by a maladaptive disease tolerance response following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rodriguez
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jingdian Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing—Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Sweden
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Axel Olin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing—Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Juto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
| | - Tie Qiang Li
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 17176, Sweden
| | - Per Julin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17176, Sweden
- Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic, Stora Sköndal, Sköndal 12864, Sweden
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7
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Kheradmand F, Zhang Y, Corry DB. Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1059-1093. [PMID: 36201635 PMCID: PMC9886356 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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8
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Ma R, Su H, Jiao K, Liu J. Role of Th17 cells, Treg cells, and Th17/Treg imbalance in immune homeostasis disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e784. [PMID: 36840492 PMCID: PMC9950879 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, following strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic lung inflammation is believed to play a role in the development of COPD. In addition, accumulating evidence shows that the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Significant advancements have been made in research on the pathogenesis of immune diseases and chronic inflammation in recent years, and T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells have been found to play a crucial role in the autoimmune response. Th17 cells are a proinflammatory subpopulation that causes autoimmune disease and tissue damage. Treg cells, on the other hand, have a negative effect but can contribute to the occurrence of the same disease when their antagonism fails. This review mainly summarizes the biological characteristics of Th17 cells and Treg cells, their roles in chronic inflammatory diseases of COPD, and the role of the Th17/Treg ratio in the onset, development, and outcome of inflammatory disorders, as well as recent advancements in immunomodulatory treatment targeting Th17/Treg cells in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ma
- Department of The First Clinical School of MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Department of Gansu Provincial People's HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Hongling Su
- Department of The First Clinical School of MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Department of Gansu Provincial People's HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Keping Jiao
- Department of The First Clinical School of MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Department of Gansu Provincial People's HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of The First Clinical School of MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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9
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Singh SP, Parween F, Edara N, Zhang HH, Chen J, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Cheng D, Oppenheim NA, Ransier A, Zhu W, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Darko SW, Singh TP, Douek DC, Myers TG, Farber JM. Human CCR6 + Th cells show both an extended stable gradient of Th17 activity and imprinted plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522630. [PMID: 36789418 PMCID: PMC9928045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells have been investigated in mice primarily for their contributions to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathways of differentiation of Th17 and related (type 17) cells and the structure of the type 17 memory population in humans are not well understood; such understanding is critical for manipulating these cells in vivo . By exploiting differences in levels of surface CCR6, we found that human type 17 memory cells, including individual T cell clonotypes, form an elongated continuum of type 17 character along which cells can be driven by increasing RORγt. This continuum includes cells preserved within the memory pool with potentials that reflect the early preferential activation of multiple over single lineages. The CCR6 + cells' phenotypes and epigenomes are stable across cell divisions under homeostatic conditions. Nonetheless, activation in polarizing and non-polarizing conditions can yield additional functionalities, revealing, respectively, both environmentally induced and imprinted mechanisms that contribute differentially across the continuum to yield the unusual plasticity ascribed to type 17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Farhat Parween
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nithin Edara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Hongwei H. Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Debby Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nicole A. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Amy Ransier
- Genome Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amirhossein Shamsaddini
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Paul J. Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Samuel W. Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
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10
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Socie G, Michonneau D. Milestones in acute GVHD pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079708. [PMID: 36544776 PMCID: PMC9760667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 65 years, over 25 000 referenced articles have been published on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although this included clinically orientated papers or publications on chronic GVHD, the conservative estimate of scientific publications still contains several thousands of documents on the pathophysiology of acute GVHD. Thus, summarizing what we believe are prominent publications that can be considered milestones in our knowledge of this disease is a challenging and inherently biased task. Here we review from a historical perspective what can be regarded as publications that have made the field move forward. We also included several references of reviews on aspects we could not cover in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Socie
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,APHP, Hématologie Greffe, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France,INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Gerard Socie,
| | - David Michonneau
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,APHP, Hématologie Greffe, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France,INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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11
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Abstract
High-throughput sequencing for B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire provides useful insights for the adaptive immune system. With the continuous development of the BCR-seq technology, many efforts have been made to develop methods for analyzing the ever-increasing BCR repertoire data. In this review, we comprehensively outline different BCR repertoire library preparation protocols and summarize three major steps of BCR-seq data analysis, i. e., V(D)J sequence annotation, clonal phylogenetic inference, and BCR repertoire profiling and mining. Different from other reviews in this field, we emphasize background intuition and the statistical principle of each method to help biologists better understand it. Finally, we discuss data mining problems for BCR-seq data and with a highlight on recently emerging multiple-sample analysis.
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12
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Andrlová H, Miltiadous O, Kousa AI, Dai A, DeWolf S, Violante S, Park HY, Janaki-Raman S, Gardner R, El Daker S, Slingerland J, Giardina P, Clurman A, Gomes ALC, Nguyen C, da Silva MB, Armijo GK, Lee N, Zappasodi R, Chaligne R, Masilionis I, Fontana E, Ponce D, Cho C, Bush A, Hill L, Chao N, Sung AD, Giralt S, Vidal EH, Hosszu KK, Devlin SM, Peled JU, Cross JR, Perales MA, Godfrey DI, van den Brink MRM, Markey KA. MAIT and Vδ2 unconventional T cells are supported by a diverse intestinal microbiome and correlate with favorable patient outcome after allogeneic HCT. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2829. [PMID: 35613281 PMCID: PMC9893439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diversity is associated with improved outcomes in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), but the mechanism underlying this observation is unclear. In a cohort of 174 patients who underwent allo-HCT, we demonstrate that a diverse intestinal microbiome early after allo-HCT is associated with an increased number of innate-like mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are in turn associated with improved overall survival and less acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Immune profiling of conventional and unconventional immune cell subsets revealed that the prevalence of Vδ2 cells, the major circulating subpopulation of γδ T cells, closely correlated with the frequency of MAIT cells and was associated with less aGVHD. Analysis of these populations using both single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry suggested a shift toward activated phenotypes and a gain of cytotoxic and effector functions after transplantation. A diverse intestinal microbiome with the capacity to produce activating ligands for MAIT and Vδ2 cells appeared to be necessary for the maintenance of these populations after allo-HCT. These data suggest an immunological link between intestinal microbial diversity, microbe-derived ligands, and maintenance of unconventional T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oriana Miltiadous
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia I Kousa
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anqi Dai
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan DeWolf
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Violante
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hee-Yon Park
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sudha Janaki-Raman
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rui Gardner
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sary El Daker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Slingerland
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Giardina
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annelie Clurman
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio L C Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chi Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Burgos da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel K Armijo
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Lee
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Human Oncology Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Ponce
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Cho
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Bush
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Hill
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther H Vidal
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kinga K Hosszu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate A Markey
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Li J, Zaslavsky M, Su Y, Guo J, Sikora MJ, van Unen V, Christophersen A, Chiou SH, Chen L, Li J, Ji X, Wilhelmy J, McSween AM, Palanski BA, Mallajosyula VVA, Bracey NA, Dhondalay GKR, Bhamidipati K, Pai J, Kipp LB, Dunn JE, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Satpathy AT, Robinson WH, Dekker CL, Steinmetz LM, Khosla C, Utz PJ, Sollid LM, Chien YH, Heath JR, Fernandez-Becker NQ, Nadeau KC, Saligrama N, Davis MM. KIR +CD8 + T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Science 2022; 376:eabi9591. [PMID: 35258337 PMCID: PMC8995031 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we find that CD8+ T cells expressing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the human equivalent of Ly49+CD8+ regulatory T cells in mice and are increased in the blood and inflamed tissues of patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, these CD8+ T cells efficiently eliminated pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4+ T cells from the leukocytes of celiac disease patients in vitro. We also find elevated levels of KIR+CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity and vasculitis. Selective ablation of Ly49+CD8+ T cells in virus-infected mice led to autoimmunity after infection. Our results indicate that in both species, these regulatory CD8+ T cells act specifically to suppress pathogenic T cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxim Zaslavsky
- Program in Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Sikora
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiefu Li
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alana M. McSween
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan A. Bracey
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gopal Krishna R. Dhondalay
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kartik Bhamidipati
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Pai
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucas B. Kipp
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Dunn
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen L. Hauser
- Department of Neurology and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jorge R. Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T. Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia L. Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James R. Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Lin K, Zhou Y, Ai J, Wang YA, Zhang S, Qiu C, Lian C, Gao B, Liu T, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Li D, Jiang N, Guo J, Wu J, Wang YO, Song S, Li Q, Yin Y, Xia J, Xu Y, Yeap LS, Zheng X, Gu Y, Liu H, Zhang W, Meng FL. B cell Receptor Signatures Associating with Strong and Poor SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:452-464. [PMID: 35045787 PMCID: PMC8820815 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2 is a serious challenge, as increased infections were documented in fully-vaccinated individuals. Recipients with poor antibody response are highly vulnerable to reinfection, whereas those with strong antibody responses achieve sterilizing immunity. Thus far, biomarkers associated with levels of vaccine-elicited antibody response are still lacking. Here, we studied the antibody response of age- and gender-controlled healthy cohort, who received inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and profiled the B cell receptor repertoires in longitudinally consecutive samples. Upon vaccination, all vaccinated individuals displayed a convergent antibody response with shared common antibody clones and public neutralizing antibodies. Strikingly, poor vaccine-responders are distinguishable from strong vaccine-responders by a biased V-usage before vaccination and IgG to IgM mRNA ratio. These findings reveal molecular signatures associated with the different levels of vaccine-induced antibody response, which could be further developed into biomarkers for the design of vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan A Wang
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Senxin Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Chao Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chaoyang Lian
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhangfan Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dan Li
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan O Wang
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Shusen Song
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Leng-Siew Yeap
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Ye Gu
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Liaoning Emergency Treatment and Innovation Center of Public Health Emergencies, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Clinical Research Centre for Aging & Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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15
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Yeh AC, Varelias A, Reddy A, Barone SM, Olver SD, Chilson K, Onstad LE, Ensbey KS, Henden AS, Samson L, Jaeger CA, Bi T, Dahlman KB, Kim TK, Zhang P, Degli-Esposti MA, Newell EW, Jagasia MH, Irish JM, Lee SJ, Hill GR. CMV exposure drives long-term CD57+ CD4 memory T-cell inflation following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Blood 2021; 138:2874-2885. [PMID: 34115118 PMCID: PMC8718626 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor and recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus correlate with transplant-related mortality that is associated with reduced survival following allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT). Prior epidemiologic studies have suggested that CMV seronegative recipients (R-) receiving a CMV-seropositive graft (D+) experience inferior outcomes compared with other serostatus combinations, an observation that appears independent of viral reactivation. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that prior donor CMV exposure irreversibly modifies immunologic function after SCT. We identified a CD4+/CD57+/CD27- T-cell subset that was differentially expressed between D+ and D- transplants and validated results with 120 patient samples. This T-cell subset represents an average of 2.9% (D-/R-), 18% (D-/R+), 12% (D+/R-), and 19.6% (D+/R+) (P < .0001) of the total CD4+ T-cell compartment and stably persists for at least several years post-SCT. Even in the absence of CMV reactivation post-SCT, D+/R- transplants displayed a significant enrichment of these cells compared with D-/R- transplants (P = .0078). These are effector memory cells (CCR7-/CD45RA+/-) that express T-bet, Eomesodermin, granzyme B, secrete Th1 cytokines, and are enriched in CMV-specific T cells. These cells are associated with decreased T-cell receptor diversity (P < .0001) and reduced proportions of major histocompatibility class (MHC) II expressing classical monocytes (P < .0001), myeloid (P = .024), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (P = .0014). These data describe a highly expanded CD4+ T-cell population and putative mechanisms by which prior donor or recipient CMV exposure may create a lasting immunologic imprint following SCT, providing a rationale for using D- grafts for R- transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Yeh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Facuty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sierra M Barone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Stuart D Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Chilson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Lynn E Onstad
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrea S Henden
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke Samson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla A Jaeger
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy Bi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimberly B Dahlman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Ping Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Madan H Jagasia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Li J, Zaslavsky M, Su Y, Sikora MJ, van Unen V, Christophersen A, Chiou SH, Chen L, Li J, Ji X, Wilhelmy J, McSween AM, Palanski BA, Aditya Mallajosyula VV, Dhondalay GKR, Bhamidipati K, Pai J, Kipp LB, Dunn JE, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Satpathy AT, Robinson WH, Steinmetz LM, Khosla C, Utz PJ, Sollid LM, Heath JR, Fernandez-Becker NQ, Nadeau KC, Saligrama N, Davis MM. Human KIR + CD8 + T cells target pathogenic T cells in Celiac disease and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.12.23.473930. [PMID: 34981055 PMCID: PMC8722592 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.23.473930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous reports show that Ly49 + CD8 + T cells can suppress autoimmunity in mouse models of autoimmune diseases. Here we find a markedly increased frequency of CD8 + T cells expressing inhibitory Killer cell Immunoglobulin like Receptors (KIR), the human equivalent of the Ly49 family, in the blood and inflamed tissues of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, KIR + CD8 + T cells can efficiently eliminate pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4 + T cells from Celiac disease (CeD) patients' leukocytes in vitro . Furthermore, we observe elevated levels of KIR + CD8 + T cells, but not CD4 + regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 and influenza-infected patients, and this correlates with disease severity and vasculitis in COVID-19. Expanded KIR + CD8 + T cells from these different diseases display shared phenotypes and similar T cell receptor sequences. These results characterize a regulatory CD8 + T cell subset in humans, broadly active in both autoimmune and infectious diseases, which we hypothesize functions to control self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic T cells. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Here we identified KIR + CD8 + T cells as a regulatory CD8 + T cell subset in humans that suppresses self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic CD4 + T cells.
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17
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Martini F, Champagne E. The Contribution of Human Herpes Viruses to γδ T Cell Mobilisation in Co-Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122372. [PMID: 34960641 PMCID: PMC8704314 DOI: 10.3390/v13122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are activated in viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Among viruses that promote γδ T cell mobilisation in humans, herpes viruses (HHVs) occupy a particular place since they infect the majority of the human population and persist indefinitely in the organism in a latent state. Thus, other infections should, in most instances, be considered co-infections, and the reactivation of HHV is a serious confounding factor in attributing γδ T cell alterations to a particular pathogen in human diseases. We review here the literature data on γδ T cell mobilisation in HHV infections and co-infections, and discuss the possible contribution of HHVs to γδ alterations observed in various infectious settings. As multiple infections seemingly mobilise overlapping γδ subsets, we also address the concept of possible cross-protection.
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18
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Cozzi E, Schneeberger S, Bellini MI, Berglund E, Böhmig G, Fowler K, Hoogduijn M, Jochmans I, Marckmann G, Marson L, Neuberger J, Oberbauer R, Pierson RN, Reichart B, Scobie L, White C, Naesens M. Organ transplants of the future: planning for innovations including xenotransplantation. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2006-2018. [PMID: 34459040 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The future clinical application of animal-to-human transplantation (xenotransplantation) is of importance to society as a whole. Favourable preclinical data relevant to cell, tissue and solid organ xenotransplants have been obtained from many animal models utilizing genetic engineering and protocols of pathogen-free husbandry. Findings have reached a tipping point, and xenotransplantation of solid organs is approaching clinical evaluation, the process of which now requires close deliberation. Such discussions include considering when there is sufficient evidence from preclinical animal studies to start first-in-human xenotransplantation trials. The present article is based on evidence and opinions formulated by members of the European Society for Organ Transplantation who are involved in the Transplantation Learning Journey project. The article includes a brief overview of preclinical concepts and biology of solid organ xenotransplantation, discusses the selection of candidates for first-in-human studies and considers requirements for study design and conduct. In addition, the paper emphasizes the need for a regulatory framework for xenotransplantation of solid organs and the essential requirement for input from public and patient stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cozzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Irene Bellini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Erik Berglund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute and ITB-MED, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Fowler
- The Voice of the Patient, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georg Marckmann
- Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorna Marson
- The Edinburgh Transplant Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Scobie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Salinas VH, Stüve O. Systems Approaches to Unravel T Cell Function and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:669-675. [PMID: 33526601 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Producing Ag-specific immune responses constrained to target tissues or cells that can be engaged or disengaged at will is predicated on understanding the network of genes governing immune cell function, defining the rules underlying Ag specificity, and synthesizing the tools to engineer them. The successes and limitations of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells emphasize this goal, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, large-scale genomic screens, single-cell profiling, and genetic modification are providing the necessary data to bring it to fruition-including a broader application into the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we delve into the implementation of these developments, survey the relevant works, and propose a framework for generating the next generation of synthetic T cells informed by the principles learned from these systems approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Salinas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and .,Neurology Section, Medical Service, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
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20
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Fan C, Lu W, Li K, Zhao C, Wang F, Ding G, Wang J. Identification of immune cell infiltration pattern and related critical genes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:363-377. [PMID: 34151837 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the lethal stage of prostate cancer and the main cause of morbidity and mortality, which is also a potential target for immunotherapy. METHOD In this study, using the Approximate Relative Subset of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) online method, we analysed the immune cell abundance ratio of each sample in the mCRPC dataset. The EdgeR (an R package) was used to classify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using the Database for annotation, visualisation and interactive exploration (DAVID) online method, we performed functional enrichment analyses. STRING online database and Cytoscape tools have been used to analyse protein-protein interaction (PPI) and classify hub genes. RESULTS The profiles of immune infiltration in mCRPC showed that Macrophages M2, Macrophages M0, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells CD8 and Plasma cells were the main infiltration cell types in mCRPC samples. Macrophage M0 and T cell CD4 memory resting abundance ratios were correlated with clinical outcomes. We identified 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the above two immune cells to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Enrichment analysis found that DEGs were substantially enriched in immune response, cell metastasis, and metabolism related categories. We identified 20 hub genes by the protein-protein interaction network analysis. Further analysis showed that three critical hub genes, CCR5, COL1A1 and CXCR3, were significantly associated with prostate cancer prognosis. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the pattern of immune cell infiltration in mCRPC, and identified the types and genes of immune cells correlated with clinical outcomes. A new theoretical basis for immunotherapy may be given by our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibin Fan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Vocational Health and Technical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunchun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanxiong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Henrick BM, Rodriguez L, Lakshmikanth T, Pou C, Henckel E, Arzoomand A, Olin A, Wang J, Mikes J, Tan Z, Chen Y, Ehrlich AM, Bernhardsson AK, Mugabo CH, Ambrosiani Y, Gustafsson A, Chew S, Brown HK, Prambs J, Bohlin K, Mitchell RD, Underwood MA, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Frese SA, Brodin P. Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life. Cell 2021; 184:3884-3898.e11. [PMID: 34143954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence the risk of allergies, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases. Breastfeeding guides healthier immune-microbe relationships by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that in turn benefit the host's immune system. Such bacteria have co-evolved with humans but are now increasingly rare in modern societies. Here we show that a lack of bifidobacteria, and in particular depletion of genes required for human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) utilization from the metagenome, is associated with systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation early in life. In breastfed infants given Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001, which expresses all HMO-utilization genes, intestinal T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines were silenced and interferon β (IFNβ) was induced. Fecal water from EVC001-supplemented infants contains abundant indolelactate and B. infantis-derived indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) upregulated immunoregulatory galectin-1 in Th2 and Th17 cells during polarization, providing a functional link between beneficial microbes and immunoregulation during the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Henrick
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
| | - Lucie Rodriguez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Pou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ewa Henckel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aron Arzoomand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Axel Olin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ziyang Tan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Karin Bernhardsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Constantin Habimana Mugabo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ylva Ambrosiani
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Kajsa Bohlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mark A Underwood
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven A Frese
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden; Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Solna, Sweden.
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22
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Socié G, Kean LS, Zeiser R, Blazar BR. Insights from integrating clinical and preclinical studies advance understanding of graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:149296. [PMID: 34101618 PMCID: PMC8203454 DOI: 10.1172/jci149296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of impressive increases in our knowledge of rodent and human immunology, the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has dramatically improved in the past 15 years. Despite improved knowledge, translation to clinical care has not proceeded rapidly, and results from experimental models have been inconsistent in their ability to predict the clinical utility of new therapeutic agents. In parallel, new tools in immunology have allowed in-depth analyses of the human system and have recently been applied in the field of clinical GVHD. Notwithstanding these advances, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic insights into human translational research, and this remains an area of high unmet need. Here we review selected recent advances in both preclinical experimental transplantation and translational human studies, including new insights into human immunology, the microbiome, and regenerative medicine. We focus on the fact that both approaches can interactively improve our understanding of both acute and chronic GVHD biology and open the door to improved therapeutics and successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Socié
- Hematology-Transplantation, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 976 (Team Insights) and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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23
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Lakshmikanth T, Muhammad SA, Olin A, Chen Y, Mikes J, Fagerberg L, Gummesson A, Bergström G, Uhlen M, Brodin P. Human Immune System Variation during 1 Year. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107923. [PMID: 32697987 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune system varies extensively between individuals, but variation within individuals over time has not been well characterized. Systems-level analyses allow for simultaneous quantification of many interacting immune system components and the inference of global regulatory principles. Here, we present a longitudinal, systems-level analysis in 99 healthy adults 50 to 65 years of age and sampled every third month for 1 year. We describe the structure of interindividual variation and characterize extreme phenotypes along a principal curve. From coordinated measurement fluctuations, we infer relationships between 115 immune cell populations and 750 plasma proteins constituting the blood immune system. While most individuals have stable immune systems, the degree of longitudinal variability is an individual feature. The most variable individuals, in the absence of overt infections, exhibited differences in markers of metabolic health suggestive of a possible link between metabolic and immunologic homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Sayyed Auwn Muhammad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Axel Olin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska, Sweden.
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24
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Martin LB, Hanson HE, Hauber ME, Ghalambor CK. Genes, Environments, and Phenotypic Plasticity in Immunology. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:198-208. [PMID: 33518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For most of its history, immunology has sought to control environmental variation to establish genetic causality. As with all biological traits though, variation among individuals arises by three broad pathways: genetic (G), environmental (E), and the interactive between the two (GxE); and immunity is no different. Here, we review the value of applying the evolutionary frameworks of phenotypic plasticity and reaction norms to immunology. Because standardized laboratory environments are vastly different from the conditions under which populations evolved, we hypothesize that immunology might presently be missing important phenotypic variation and even focusing on dysregulated molecular and cellular processes. Modest adjustments to study designs could make model organism immunology more productive, reproducible, and reflective of human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Martin
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Haley E Hanson
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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25
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Gaimann MU, Nguyen M, Desponds J, Mayer A. Early life imprints the hierarchy of T cell clone sizes. eLife 2020; 9:e61639. [PMID: 33345776 PMCID: PMC7870140 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system responds to pathogens by selecting clones of cells with specific receptors. While clonal selection in response to particular antigens has been studied in detail, it is unknown how a lifetime of exposures to many antigens collectively shape the immune repertoire. Here, using mathematical modeling and statistical analyses of T cell receptor sequencing data, we develop a quantitative theory of human T cell dynamics compatible with the statistical laws of repertoire organization. We find that clonal expansions during a perinatal time window leave a long-lasting imprint on the human T cell repertoire, which is only slowly reshaped by fluctuating clonal selection during adult life. Our work provides a mechanism for how early clonal dynamics imprint the hierarchy of T cell clone sizes with implications for pathogen defense and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario U Gaimann
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Maximilian Nguyen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jonathan Desponds
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
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26
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Brodin P, Quintana-Murci L. Editorial overview: Evolutionary and systems immunology - methods to understand human immune system variation. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 65:iv. [PMID: 33280662 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17121, Sweden; Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
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27
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Glynn JR, Moss PAH. Systematic analysis of infectious disease outcomes by age shows lowest severity in school-age children. Sci Data 2020; 7:329. [PMID: 33057040 PMCID: PMC7566589 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited interest in age-specific manifestations of infection but surprisingly little is known about relative severity of infectious disease between the extremes of age. In a systematic analysis we identified 142 datasets with information on severity of disease by age for 32 different infectious diseases, 19 viral and 13 bacterial. For almost all infections, school-age children have the least severe disease, and severity starts to rise long before old age. Indeed, for many infections even young adults have more severe disease than children, and dengue was the only infection that was most severe in school-age children. Together with data on vaccine response in children and young adults, the findings suggest peak immune function is reached around 5-14 years of age. Relative immune senescence may begin much earlier than assumed, before accelerating in older age groups. This has major implications for understanding resilience to infection, optimal vaccine scheduling, and appropriate health protection policies across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Glynn
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Paul A H Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Multiplexed detection and isolation of viable low-frequency cytokine-secreting human B cells using cytokine secretion assay and flow cytometry (CSA-Flow). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14823. [PMID: 32908164 PMCID: PMC7481209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells has broad implications in both health and a range of immune-mediated and auto-immune diseases. Low-frequency cytokine-defined immune-cell subsets can play key immune-regulatory roles, yet their detailed study is often hampered by limited clinical sample availability. Commonly used techniques including intracellular cytokine staining require cell fixation, precluding subsequent functional interrogation. The cytokine-secretion assay (CSA) can overcome this limitation, though has mostly been used for detection of relatively high-frequency, single-cytokine secreting cells. We examined how adaptation of the CSA in combination with multiparametric flow-cytometry (CSA-Flow) may enable simultaneous isolation of multiple, low-frequency, cytokine-secreting cells. Focusing on human B cells (traditionally recognized as harder to assay than T cells), we show that single-capture CSA-Flow allows for isolation of highly-purified populations of both low-frequency (IL-10+; GM-CSF+) and high-frequency (TNF+) cytokine-defined B cells. Simultaneous detection and isolation of up to three viable and highly-purified cytokine-secreting B-cell subpopulations is feasible, albeit with some signal loss, with fractions subsequently amenable to gene expression analysis and in vitro cell culture. This multiplexing CSA-Flow approach will be of interest in many human cellular immunology contexts aiming to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells, especially when sample volumes and cell numbers are limited.
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29
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Gutierrez MJ, Nino G, Hong X, Wang X. Epigenomics and Early Life Human Humoral Immunity: Novel Paradigms and Research Opportunities. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1766. [PMID: 32983086 PMCID: PMC7492271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular machinery controlling immune development has been extensively investigated. Studies in animal models and adult individuals have revealed fundamental mechanisms of disease and have been essential to understanding how humans sense and respond to cellular stress, tissue damage, pathogens and their environment. Nonetheless, our understanding of how immune responses originate during human development is just starting to emerge. In particular, studies to unveil how environmental and other non-heritable factors shape the immune system at the beginning of life offer great promise to yield important knowledge about determinants of normal inter-individual immune variation and to prevent and treat many human diseases. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of some of the mechanisms determining early life antibody production as a model of an immune process with sequential molecular checkpoints susceptible to influence by non-heritable factors. We discuss the potential of epigenomics as a valuable approach that may reveal not only relevant gene-environment interactions but important clues about immune developmental processes and homeostasis in early life. We then highlight the novel paradigm of human immunology as a complex field that nowadays requires a longitudinal systems-biology approach to understand normal variation and developmental changes during the first few years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Semmes EC, Hurst JH, Walsh KM, Permar SR. Cytomegalovirus as an immunomodulator across the lifespan. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:112-120. [PMID: 32818717 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a nearly ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that establishes latent infection in the majority of the world's population. HCMV infection profoundly influences the host immune system and, perhaps more than any other human pathogen, has been shown to create a lasting imprint on human T and NK cell compartments. HCMV-seropositivity has been associated with both beneficial effects, such as increased vaccine responsiveness or heterologous protection against infections, and deleterious effects, such as pathological neurodevelopmental sequelae from congenital infection in utero and cumulative damage from chronic lifelong latency into old age. The significance of many of these associations is unclear, as studies into the causal mechanisms linking HCMV and these disease outcomes are lacking; however, HCMV-mediated changes to the immune system may play a key role. This review examines how HCMV impacts the host immune system in an age-dependent manner with important implications for human immunophenotypes and long-term disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Semmes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jillian H Hurst
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham NC, USA.
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31
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Waliany S, Lee D, Witteles RM, Neal JW, Nguyen P, Davis MM, Salem JE, Wu SM, Moslehi JJ, Zhu H. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cardiotoxicity: Understanding Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Characteristics and Finding a Cure. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:113-134. [PMID: 32776859 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) attenuate mechanisms of self-tolerance in the immune system, enabling T cell responses to cancerous tissues and revolutionizing care for cancer patients. However, by loweringbarriers against self-reactivity, ICIs often result in varying degrees of autoimmunity. Cardiovascular complications, particularly myocarditis but also arrhythmias, pericarditis, and vasculitis, have emerged as significant complications associated with ICIs. In this review, we examine the clinical aspects and basic science principles that underlie ICI-associated myocarditis and other cardiovascular toxicities. In addition, we discuss current therapeutic approaches. We believe a better mechanistic understanding of ICI-associated toxicities can lead to improved patient outcomes by reducing treatment-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Waliany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ronald M Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patricia Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CIC-1901 Paris-Est, CLIP² Galilée, UNICO-GRECO Cardio-Oncology Program, and Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France.,Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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32
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Cytotoxicity in Epstein Barr virus specific immune control. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 46:1-8. [PMID: 32771660 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is the most common human tumor virus, persistently infecting more than 95% of the human adult population and readily transforming human B cell in culture. Fortunately, only a small minority of EBV carriers develops virus associated malignancies. The majority controls persistent EBV infection with cytotoxic lymphocytes, mainly NK, γδ and CD8+ T cells and the characteristics of the required immune responses get more and more defined by primary immunodeficiencies that affect molecules of these cytotoxic lymphocytes and their investigation in mice with reconstituted human immune system components (humanized mice) that are susceptible to EBV infection and associated lymphomagenesis. The gained information should be able to guide us to develop immunotherapies against EBV and tumors in general.
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Zoledziewska M. A new mouse model for human immune system-related translational studies. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:102213. [PMID: 32474287 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Sardinia, Italy
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34
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Brodin P. Technologies for assessing vaccine responses in the very young. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 65:28-31. [PMID: 32339894 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many vaccines are administered to young children in order to prevent infectious diseases early in life. At the same time, most of these vaccines are not developed specifically with the immune system of young children in mind and our understanding of how newborn immune systems differ from adult counterparts is incomplete. The main reason for this lack of understanding stems from the ethical and logistical difficulties in obtaining samples from young children as well as the challenges associated with the small volume samples available. Here I review some recent developments made in this field and discuss their implications for studying vaccine responses in young children and developing better vaccines, tailored to this important population of susceptible individuals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17121, Sweden; Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Sweden.
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35
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Cellerino M, Ivaldi F, Pardini M, Rotta G, Vila G, Bäcker-Koduah P, Berge T, Laroni A, Lapucci C, Novi G, Boffa G, Sbragia E, Palmeri S, Asseyer S, Høgestøl E, Campi C, Piana M, Inglese M, Paul F, Harbo HF, Villoslada P, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A. Impact of treatment on cellular immunophenotype in MS: A cross-sectional study. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/3/e693. [PMID: 32139439 PMCID: PMC7136062 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish cytometry profiles associated with disease stages and immunotherapy in MS. Methods Demographic/clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from 227 patients with MS and 82 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) enrolled in a cross-sectional study at 4 European MS centers (Spain, Italy, Germany, and Norway). Flow cytometry of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed in each center using specifically prepared antibody-cocktail Lyotubes; data analysis was centralized at the Genoa center. Differences in immune cell subsets were assessed between groups of untreated patients with relapsing-remitting or progressive MS (RRMS or PMS) and HCs and between groups of patients with RRMS taking 6 commonly used disease-modifying drugs. Results In untreated patients with MS, significantly higher frequencies of Th17 cells in the RRMS population compared with HC and lower frequencies of B-memory/B-regulatory cells as well as higher percentages of B-mature cells in patients with PMS compared with HCs emerged. Overall, the greatest deviation in immunophenotype in MS was observed by treatment rather than disease course, with the strongest impact found in fingolimod-treated patients. Fingolimod induced a decrease in total CD4+ T cells and in B-mature and B-memory cells and increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T-regulatory and B-regulatory cells. Conclusions Our highly standardized, multisite cytomics data provide further understanding of treatment impact on MS immunophenotype and could pave the way toward monitoring immune cells to help clinical management of MS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cellerino
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rotta
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gemma Vila
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Priscilla Bäcker-Koduah
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tone Berge
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Laroni
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapucci
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Novi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boffa
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Sbragia
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Palmeri
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanna Asseyer
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Einar Høgestøl
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Campi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy.
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New approaches to the study of immune responses in humans. Hum Genet 2020; 139:795-799. [PMID: 32040614 PMCID: PMC7272481 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system consists of multiple, layered mechanisms of sensing and responding to cellular stress, infection and tissue damage to ensure defense from pathogens, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the integrity of the holobiont. Every single cell in the body has a role to play, but a few dozen, specialized white blood cells are particularly important in this respect. Understanding the overall state of this multifaceted system in a single individual is challenging, and we are only beginning to do this across populations of individuals, to understand the vast range of inter-individual variation, and the influences of genes and environmental factors that collectively shape the immune system in a given individual. We are also only beginning to understand the changes occurring within this system over time, and how this relates to health and disease susceptibility. Several technological breakthroughs in recent years have enabled these developments and the emergence of a new, complementary approach to studying human immune systems, namely systems immunology. In this paradigm, the focus is shifted from the understanding of individual immune system components and their mechanisms of action, towards analyses of cell–cell interactions, and mechanisms of coordination and regulation within the human immune system.
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Hartmann FJ, Bendall SC. Immune monitoring using mass cytometry and related high-dimensional imaging approaches. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:87-99. [PMID: 31892734 PMCID: PMC7232872 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular complexity and functional diversity of the human immune system necessitate the use of high-dimensional single-cell tools to uncover its role in multifaceted diseases such as rheumatic diseases, as well as other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Proteomic technologies that use elemental (heavy metal) reporter ions, such as mass cytometry (also known as CyTOF) and analogous high-dimensional imaging approaches (including multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC)), have been developed from their low-dimensional counterparts, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, to meet this need. A growing number of studies have been published that use these technologies to identify functional biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rheumatic diseases, but the full potential of their application to rheumatic disease research has yet to be fulfilled. This Review introduces the underlying technologies for high-dimensional immune monitoring and discusses aspects necessary for their successful implementation, including study design principles, analytical tools and future developments for the field of rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Belot A, Rice GI, Omarjee SO, Rouchon Q, Smith EMD, Moreews M, Tusseau M, Frachette C, Bournhonesque R, Thielens N, Gaboriaud C, Rouvet I, Chopin E, Hoshino A, Latour S, Ranchin B, Cimaz R, Romagnani P, Malcus C, Fabien N, Sarda MN, Kassai B, Lega JC, Decramer S, Abou-Jaoude P, Bruce IN, Simonet T, Bardel C, Rollat-Farnier PA, Viel S, Reumaux H, O'Sullivan J, Walzer T, Mathieu AL, Marenne G, Ludwig T, Genin E, Ellingford J, Bader-Meunier B, Briggs TA, Beresford MW, Crow YJ. Contribution of rare and predicted pathogenic gene variants to childhood-onset lupus: a large, genetic panel analysis of British and French cohorts. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2020; 2:e99-e109. [PMID: 38263665 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(19)30142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare immunological disorder and genetic factors are considered important in its causation. Monogenic lupus has been associated with around 30 genotypes in humans and 60 in mice, while genome-wide association studies have identified more than 90 risk loci. We aimed to analyse the contribution of rare and predicted pathogenic gene variants in a population of unselected cases of childhood-onset SLE. METHODS For this genetic panel analysis we designed a next-generation sequencing panel comprising 147 genes, including all known lupus-causing genes in humans, and potentially lupus-causing genes identified through GWAS and animal models. We screened 117 probands fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE, ascertained through British and French cohorts of childhood-onset SLE, and compared these data with those of 791 ethnically matched controls from the 1000 Genomes Project and 574 controls from the FREX Consortium. FINDINGS After filtering, mendelian genotypes were confirmed in eight probands, involving variants in C1QA, C1QC, C2, DNASE1L3, and IKZF1. Seven additional patients carried heterozygous variants in complement or type I interferon-associated autosomal recessive genes, with decreased concentrations of the encoded proteins C3 and C9 recorded in two patients. Rare variants that were predicted to be damaging were significantly enriched in the childhood-onset SLE cohort compared with controls; 25% of SLE probands versus 5% of controls were identified to harbour at least one rare, predicted damaging variant (p=2·98 × 10-11). Inborn errors of immunity were estimated to account for 7% of cases of childhood-onset SLE, with defects in innate immunity representing the main monogenic contribution. INTERPRETATION An accumulation of rare variants that are predicted to be damaging in SLE-associated genes might contribute to disease expression and clinical heterogeneity. FUNDING European Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Belot
- Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sulliman Ommar Omarjee
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Quentin Rouchon
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eve M D Smith
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marion Moreews
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Tusseau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Frachette
- Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Raphael Bournhonesque
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Thielens
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Centre de biotechnologie cellulaire et Biothèque, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Emilie Chopin
- Centre de biotechnologie cellulaire et Biothèque, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ranchin
- Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Femme Mere Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children Hospital and University of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paula Romagnani
- Nephrology Unit, Anna Meyer Children Hospital and University of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Christophe Malcus
- Service d'Immunologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Fabien
- Service d'immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHLS, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie-Nathalie Sarda
- Service d'immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHLS, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, Inserm, Service de Pharmacotoxicologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon & Université Lyon 1, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lega
- Internal Medicine Unit, CHLS, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Benite, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Decramer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Centre De Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares du Sud Ouest & Inserm U1048, France
| | - Pauline Abou-Jaoude
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, St George Hospital, University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Simonet
- Department of Biostatistics-bioinformatics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Claire Bardel
- Department of Biostatistics-bioinformatics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France; CNRS UMR5558, Biometry and evolutionary biology lab, Lyon University, Lyon 1 University, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Antoine Rollat-Farnier
- CNRS UMR5558, Biometry and evolutionary biology lab, Lyon University, Lyon 1 University, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastien Viel
- Service d'immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHLS, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - James O'Sullivan
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/ International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Marenne
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Jamie Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital, Imagine Institution, Paris, France
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yanick J Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Drutman SB, Mansouri D, Mahdaviani SA, Neehus AL, Hum D, Bryk R, Hernandez N, Belkaya S, Rapaport F, Bigio B, Fisch R, Rahman M, Khan T, Al Ali F, Marjani M, Mansouri N, Lorenzo-Diaz L, Emile JF, Marr N, Jouanguy E, Bustamante J, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Béziat V, Nathan C, Casanova JL. Fatal Cytomegalovirus Infection in an Adult with Inherited NOS2 Deficiency. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:437-445. [PMID: 31995689 PMCID: PMC7063989 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1910640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause severe disease in children and adults with a variety of inherited or acquired T-cell immunodeficiencies, who are prone to multiple infections. It can also rarely cause disease in otherwise healthy persons. The pathogenesis of idiopathic CMV disease is unknown. Inbred mice that lack the gene encoding nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) are susceptible to the related murine CMV infection. METHODS We studied a previously healthy 51-year-old man from Iran who after acute CMV infection had an onset of progressive CMV disease that led to his death 29 months later. We hypothesized that the patient may have had a novel type of inborn error of immunity. Thus, we performed whole-exome sequencing and tested candidate mutant alleles experimentally. RESULTS We found a homozygous frameshift mutation in NOS2 encoding a truncated NOS2 protein that did not produce nitric oxide, which determined that the patient had autosomal recessive NOS2 deficiency. Moreover, all NOS2 variants that we found in homozygosity in public databases encoded functional proteins, as did all other variants with an allele frequency greater than 0.001. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inherited NOS2 deficiency was clinically silent in this patient until lethal infection with CMV. Moreover, NOS2 appeared to be redundant for control of other pathogens in this patient. (Funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Drutman
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Davood Mansouri
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - David Hum
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Ruslana Bryk
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Nicholas Hernandez
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Franck Rapaport
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Robert Fisch
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Mahbuba Rahman
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Taushif Khan
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Majid Marjani
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Nahal Mansouri
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo-Diaz
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Jean-François Emile
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Nico Marr
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Laurent Abel
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Vivien Béziat
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Carl Nathan
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- From St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University (S.B.D., D.H., N.H., S.B., F.R., B.B., R.F., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., J.-L.C.), the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine (R.B., C.N.), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.-L.C.) - all in New York; the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center (D.M., S.A.M.), the Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases (D.M., N. Mansouri), and the Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center (D.M., M.M.), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM Unité 1163 (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), Paris University, Imagine Institute (A.-L.N., L.L.-D., E.J., J.B., L.A., S.B.-D., V.B., J.-L.C.), and the Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (J.B.), and the Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit (J.-L.C.), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (J.-F.E.) - all in France; the Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.-L.N.); the Research Branch, Sidra Medicine (M.R., T.K., F.A.A., N. Marr), and the College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (N. Marr), Doha, Qatar; and the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (N. Mansouri)
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Lasselin J, Karshikoff B, Axelsson J, Åkerstedt T, Benson S, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Jones M, Lekander M, Andreasson A. Fatigue and sleepiness responses to experimental inflammation and exploratory analysis of the effect of baseline inflammation in healthy humans. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:309-314. [PMID: 31682972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is believed to be a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of fatigue. While it is likely that dynamic of the fatigue response after an immune challenge relates to the corresponding cytokine release, this lacks evidence. Although both fatigue and sleepiness are strong signals to rest, they constitute distinct symptoms which are not necessarily associated, and sleepiness in relation to inflammation has been rarely investigated. Here, we have assessed the effect of an experimental immune challenge (administration of lipopolysaccharide, LPS) on the development of both fatigue and sleepiness, and the associations between increases in cytokine concentrations, fatigue and sleepiness, in healthy volunteers. In addition, because chronic-low grade inflammation may represent a risk factor for fatigue, we tested whether higher baseline levels of inflammation result in a more pronounced development of cytokine-induced fatigue and sleepiness. Data from four experimental studies was combined, giving a total of 120 subjects (LPS N = 79, 18 (23%) women; Placebo N = 69, 12 (17%) women). Administration of LPS resulted in a stronger increase in fatigue and sleepiness compared to the placebo condition, and the development of both fatigue and sleepiness closely paralleled the cytokine responses. Individuals with stronger increases in cytokine concentrations after LPS administration also suffered more from fatigue and sleepiness (N = 75), independent of gender. However, there was no support for the hypothesis that higher baseline inflammatory markers moderated the responses in fatigue or sleepiness after an inflammatory challenge. The results demonstrate a tight connection between the acute inflammatory response and development of both fatigue and sleepiness, and motivates further investigation of the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of central fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45 122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Jones
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Spencer SP, Fragiadakis GK, Sonnenburg JL. Pursuing Human-Relevant Gut Microbiota-Immune Interactions. Immunity 2019; 51:225-239. [PMID: 31433970 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic network of diverse organisms intricately connected with human physiology. Recent advances in profiling approaches of both the microbiota and the immune system now enable a deeper exploration of immunity-microbiota connections. An important next step is to elucidate a human-relevant "map" of microbial-immune wiring while focusing on animal studies to probe a prioritized subset of interactions. Here, we provide an overview of this field's current status and discuss two approaches for establishing priorities for detailed investigation: (1) longitudinal intervention studies in humans probing the dynamics of both the microbiota and the immune system and (2) the study of traditional populations to assess lost features of human microbial identity whose absence may be contributing to the rise of immunological disorders. These human-centered approaches offer a judicious path forward to understand the impact of the microbiota in immune development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Spencer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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The Role of Dendritic Cells in Immune Control and Vaccination against -Herpesviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121125. [PMID: 31817510 PMCID: PMC6950272 DOI: 10.3390/v11121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human oncogenic -herpesviruses, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), are prototypic pathogens that are controlled by T cell responses. Despite their ubiquitous distribution, persistent infections and transforming potential, most carriers' immune systems control them for life. Therefore, they serve as paradigms of how near-perfect cell-mediated immune control can be initiated and maintained for decades. Interestingly, EBV especially quite efficiently avoids dendritic cell (DC) activation, and little evidence exists that these most potent antigen-presenting cells of the human body are involved in the priming of immune control against this tumor virus. However, DCs can be harnessed therapeutically to expand virus-specific T cells for adoptive transfer therapy of patients with virus-associated malignancies and are also currently explored for vaccinations. Unfortunately, despite 55 and 25 years of research on EBV and KSHV, respectively, the priming of their immune control that belongs to the most robust and durable immune responses in humans still remains unclear.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Gerd Haga Bringeland
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of NeurologyHaukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Deptarment of Therapy ValidationFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI Leipzig Germany
- Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University Beijing China
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44
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Seguel M, Beechler BR, Coon CC, Snyder PW, Spaan JM, Jolles AE, Ezenwa VO. Immune stability predicts tuberculosis infection risk in a wild mammal. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191401. [PMID: 31575363 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in animals; however, some individuals may show less fluctuation in immune traits, resulting in stable patterns of immune variation over time. It is currently unknown whether immune variation has consequences for infectious disease risk. In this study, we identified moderately stable immune traits in wild African buffalo and asked whether the stability of these traits affected bovine tuberculosis (TB) infection risk. We found that adaptive immune traits such as the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released after white blood cell stimulation, the number of circulating lymphocytes and the level of antibodies against bovine adenovirus-3 were moderately repeatable (i.e. stable) over time, whereas parameters related to innate immunity either had low repeatability (circulating eosinophil numbers) or were not repeatable (e.g. neutrophil numbers, plasma bacteria killing capacity). Intriguingly, individuals with more repeatable IFN-γ and lymphocyte levels were at a significantly higher risk of acquiring TB infection. In stark contrast, average IFN-γ and lymphocyte levels were poor predictors of TB risk, indicating that immune variability rather than absolute response level better captured variation in disease susceptibility. This work highlights the important and under-appreciated role of immune variability as a predictor of infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Seguel
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brianna R Beechler
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Courtney C Coon
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Felidae Conservation Fund, Mill Valley, CA, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Johannie M Spaan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Anna E Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Vanessa O Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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45
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Abstract
Countless functions have been attributed experimentally to IL-6. In this issue of JEM, Spencer et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190344) reveal essential, nonredundant functions of human IL-6. Patients with genetic deficiencies of the IL-6 receptor suffer from "hyper IgE syndrome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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46
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Opposing T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nature 2019; 572:481-487. [PMID: 31391585 PMCID: PMC7145319 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis (MS), induction generates successive waves of clonally expanded CD4+, CD8+, and γ+ T cells in the blood and central nervous system, similar to gluten challenge studies of Celiac patients. In MS patients, we also observe major expansions of CD8+ T cells. In EAE, we find that most expanded CD4+ T cells are specific for the inducing myelin peptide MOG35–55 but in contrast, surrogate peptides derived from a yeast peptide-MHC display library for some of the clonally expanded CD8+ T cells inhibit disease by suppressing the proliferation of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells. These results suggest the induction of autoreactive CD4+ T cells triggers an opposing mobilization of regulatory CD8+ T cells.
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47
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Saravia J, Chapman NM, Chi H. Helper T cell differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:634-643. [PMID: 30867582 PMCID: PMC6804569 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model, specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs, but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Here, we first discuss CD4+ T-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of T helper cells. We next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4+ T-cell differentiation, including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional networks. We then review current and emerging topics of differentiation, including the plasticity and heterogeneity of T cells, the tissue-specific effects, and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate decisions. Importantly, recent advances in cutting-edge approaches, especially systems biology tools, have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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48
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Lim HK, Huang SXL, Chen J, Kerner G, Gilliaux O, Bastard P, Dobbs K, Hernandez N, Goudin N, Hasek ML, García Reino EJ, Lafaille FG, Lorenzo L, Luthra P, Kochetkov T, Bigio B, Boucherit S, Rozenberg F, Vedrinne C, Keller MD, Itan Y, García-Sastre A, Celard M, Orange JS, Ciancanelli MJ, Meyts I, Zhang Q, Abel L, Notarangelo LD, Snoeck HW, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. Severe influenza pneumonitis in children with inherited TLR3 deficiency. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2038-2056. [PMID: 31217193 PMCID: PMC6719423 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive IRF7 and IRF9 deficiencies impair type I and III IFN immunity and underlie severe influenza pneumonitis. We report three unrelated children with influenza A virus (IAV) infection manifesting as acute respiratory distress syndrome (IAV-ARDS), heterozygous for rare TLR3 variants (P554S in two patients and P680L in the third) causing autosomal dominant (AD) TLR3 deficiency. AD TLR3 deficiency can underlie herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) by impairing cortical neuron-intrinsic type I IFN immunity to HSV-1. TLR3-mutated leukocytes produce normal levels of IFNs in response to IAV. In contrast, TLR3-mutated fibroblasts produce lower levels of IFN-β and -λ, and display enhanced viral susceptibility, upon IAV infection. Moreover, the patients' iPSC-derived pulmonary epithelial cells (PECs) are susceptible to IAV. Treatment with IFN-α2b or IFN-λ1 rescues this phenotype. AD TLR3 deficiency may thus underlie IAV-ARDS by impairing TLR3-dependent, type I and/or III IFN-mediated, PEC-intrinsic immunity. Its clinical penetrance is incomplete for both IAV-ARDS and HSE, consistent with their typically sporadic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Jie Chen
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gilliaux
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Medicine Faculty, Libre de Bruxelles University, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center of Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicholas Hernandez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Platform Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 24, Paris, France
| | - Mary L Hasek
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eduardo Javier García Reino
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Fabien G Lafaille
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Priya Luthra
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Kochetkov
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Virology, Cochin-Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vedrinne
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in Cardiovascular Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiological Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marie Celard
- National Center for Staphylococcus, Lyon Civil Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Precision Immunology Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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49
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Patro ARK. Subversion of Immune Response by Human Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1155. [PMID: 31244824 PMCID: PMC6575140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections and is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Despite a robust host immune system, HCMV able to replicate, evade host defenses, establish latency for life. A significant portion of HCMV genome dedicated to encode gene products for modulation of host immune response. Growing number of HCMV gene products are being recognized to play role in immune evasion. Information on viral immune evasion mechanisms by which HCMV persists in host will be useful in devising antiviral intervention strategies and development of new vaccines. This minireview provides a brief overview of immune evasion strategy adapted by HCMV by utilizing its gene products in modulation of host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raj Kumar Patro
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
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50
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Donlin LT, Park SH, Giannopoulou E, Ivovic A, Park-Min KH, Siegel RM, Ivashkiv LB. Insights into rheumatic diseases from next-generation sequencing. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:327-339. [PMID: 31000790 PMCID: PMC6673602 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases have complex aetiologies that are not fully understood, which makes the study of pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases a challenge for researchers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and related omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, epigenomics and genomics, provide an unprecedented genome-wide view of gene expression, environmentally responsive epigenetic changes and genetic variation. The integrated application of NGS technologies to samples from carefully phenotyped clinical cohorts of patients has the potential to solve remaining mysteries in the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases, to identify new therapeutic targets and to underpin a precision medicine approach to the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. This Review provides an overview of the NGS technologies available, showcases important advances in rheumatic disease research already powered by these technologies and highlights NGS approaches that hold particular promise for generating new insights and advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Ivovic
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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