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Moody A, Moore WS, Pierce T, Shiller AM. The effects of submarine groundwater discharge and the Bonnet Carré Spillway on nutrient dynamics in the western Mississippi Sound. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176080. [PMID: 39244047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The Mississippi Sound is an estuary in the northern Gulf of Mexico that is susceptible to eutrophication and hypoxia, both of which have led to habitat degradation, and organism stress and mortality. In this study, we explore potential forcing factors that impact the Sound's water quality such as local river flooding, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), and the 2019 opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS). Broad spatial surveys of radon along the coast and offshore indicated that areas prone to localized fish kills had higher levels of groundwater seepage. Nearshore water measurements of radium (228Ra) were used to calculate the groundwater flux at five stations across the western Sound. These fluxes were on the order of ∼6 cm d-1. Measured reduced constituents (DON, NH4+ and CH4) introduced to the Sound from SGD have a high potential oxygen demand representing about half of the typical summer oxygen saturation. Limited measurements of S2- and estimates of DOC increase this demand further. Submarine groundwater discharge nutrient fluxes were also higher than that of the local rivers for reduced nitrogen species and phosphate, and when river fluxes are low, the groundwater is the dominant source of all nutrients to the Sound. However, when the Bonnet Carré Spillway was open, the western part of the Sound experienced rapid and severe drops in salinity, as well as high influxes of nutrients that changed the geochemical composition of the water that were unrelated to SGD or local rivers. Therefore, the influence of SGD, the BCS, and local rivers are all an important part of the Sound biogeochemistry, requiring consideration when making management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Moody
- Division of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA.
| | - Willard S Moore
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Troy Pierce
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf of Mexico Division, Gulfport, MS, USA.
| | - Alan M Shiller
- Division of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA.
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2
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Paldor A, Bertoni C, Penny B, Michael HA. Offshore freshened groundwater reservoirs controlled by submarine faults with a complex dependency on antecedent hydrogeological conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175834. [PMID: 39197771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Offshore Freshened Groundwater (OFG) reservoirs are gaining attention, as evidence suggests they are more prevalent worldwide than previously thought. OFG systems are generally classified as either passive, a relic of ancient, lower sea levels, or as active, with an onshore-offshore hydrogeologic connection and associated discharge offshore. Previous studies on the mechanisms of OFG were conducted in various hydrogeologic settings, but the role of faults remains understudied. Based on geologic data, we apply hydrogeologic modeling of a faulted submarine confined aquifer in the Levant basin (eastern Mediterranean), to study the impact of faults on OFG. We find that faults that are close to the coastline and within the brackish zone that would have developed without a fault control the offshore salinities regardless of initial conditions. The influence of distal faults, in contrast, depends on antecedent conditions. When initial salinities are such that the distal fault lies in the fresh part of the aquifer, the saline wedge migrates landward toward the fault with sea-level rise, and the fault dictates the steady-state salinity distribution. If the fault is initially within the saline part of the aquifer, freshwater never reaches the fault, likely due to the density-driven flow barrier that the underlying saline wedge generates. These findings suggest a new mode of OFG in which the same geologic system can be either active or passive depending on the hydrologic history. This should be considered in future studies of OFG systems, the functioning of which has implications for marine ecosystems, seafloor geomorphology, and coastal water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paldor
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - C Bertoni
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - B Penny
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - H A Michael
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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3
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Gibson VL, Dedloff A, Miller LJ, Smith CM. Integrated physiological response by four species of Rhodophyta to submarine groundwater discharge reveals complex patterns among closely-related species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23547. [PMID: 39384860 PMCID: PMC11464889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Algal physiological ecology on submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) influenced reefs is likely shaped by intermittent, tidally-driven estuarine conditions that occur with SGD fluxes of fresh-to-brackish groundwater from the subterranean estuary to reef ecosystems. SGD is a common inconspicuous feature worldwide on reefs of basaltic high islands and continental margins. Yet, SGD-driven dynamics of algal physiology are not well understood. To understand how invasive species have physiologically outcompeted native species on many SGD-influenced reefs, physiology in tissue water potential (TWP) regulation, photosynthesis, nitrogen storage, and cellular anatomy were measured across a gradient of SGD-influence, for four Rhodophyte species. Compared with non-SGD conditions, SGD was associated with higher TWP, larger medulla cells with thinner walls, and thinner cortical cell walls for two invasives, Gracilaria salicornia and Acanthophora spicifera, higher photosynthetic rates in G. salicornia, greater nitrogen concentration for A. spicifera and G. salicornia, and increased δ 15N ratios for A. spicifera, G. salicornia, and native Laurencia dendroidea. Distinct physiological strategies were measured for the two invasive species across the gradient of SGD-influence, and for L. dendroidea and Gracilaria perplexa offshore. This study illuminates species-specific physiological response, and how introduced opportunistic species may outcompete native species under conditions of SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Gibson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA.
- He'eia National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, 96744, USA.
| | - Angelene Dedloff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Lisa J Miller
- Math and Sciences Department, Kapi'olani Community College, Honolulu, 96816, USA
| | - Celia M Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
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4
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Yu X, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Du J. Unveiling the dominance of submarine groundwater discharge on nutrient sources in the Eastern China Marginal Seas. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122136. [PMID: 39067274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
River and atmosphere are traditionally recognized as the primary nutrient sources impacting coastal ecosystems. Despite the increasing attention towards the often-neglected submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), its understanding and significance in highly human-impacted marginal seas remain limited. This study utilizes unprecedented high-resolution data (561 seawater and 282 groundwater radium samples) to provide precise estimates of 226Ra and 228Ra sources and sinks in the Eastern China Marginal Seas. A coupled 226Ra and 228Ra mass balance model enable an integrated SGD flux of (3.7 ± 2.4) × 1012 m3 yr-1, surpassing rivers by 3.4 times. Furthermore, nutrient delivery from SGD exceeds riverine and atmospheric inputs, potentially inducing substantial changes in coastal nutrient cycles. These alterations have profound implications for primary production and biological communities, deviating significantly from the Redfield ratio. Therefore, comprehending the significance of SGD in nutrient budgets is vital for a comprehensive understanding of biogeochemical dynamics and functionality of marginal sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Land Surface Processes and Environmental Changes of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xilong Wang
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Matciak M, Misiewicz MM, Szymczycha B, Idczak J, Tęgowski J, Diak M. Pockmarks and associated fresh submarine groundwater discharge in the seafloor of Puck Bay, southern Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173617. [PMID: 38815837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This is the first well-documented report on the occurrence of pockmarks in Puck Bay. Pockmarks in the seafloor of Puck Bay were discovered during a hydroacoustic survey carried out in 2020. They are located at a depth of 25-27 m in the southwestern part of the bay. Significant depletion of chloride (Cl-) concentrations in sediment pore water was found within the depressions. Most likely, the formation of pockmarks was due to groundwater flow through the Miocene-Pleistocene system of aquifers, which extends from land to the bay area. One-dimensional modeling of vertical Cl- concentration profiles in pore water revealed the upward flow of freshened groundwater within the pockmarks. The magnitude of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was estimated to vary from 1.53·10-2 to 18·10-2 L·m-2·h-1. The effect of groundwater seepage was also observed at 3 cm above the seafloor within the pockmarks, which was identified as a decrease in salinity of approximately 0.12 PSU compared to reference sites. Furthermore, due to the effect of water advection, SGD can be detected even several meters above the seafloor as a decrease in salinity values within the thermocline layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Matciak
- Division of Physical Oceanography and Climate Research, University of Gdańsk, Aleja Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Marta Małgorzata Misiewicz
- Division of Physical Oceanography and Climate Research, University of Gdańsk, Aleja Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Jakub Idczak
- Division of Physical Oceanography and Climate Research, University of Gdańsk, Aleja Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jarosław Tęgowski
- Division of Geophysics, University of Gdańsk, Aleja Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magdalena Diak
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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6
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Wang W, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang Z, Li H. Carbon export from submarine groundwater discharge in a semi-enclosed bay: Impact for the buffering capacity against coastal ocean acidification. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121920. [PMID: 38896888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) serves as an important pathway for the transport of dissolved carbon from land to ocean, significantly affecting the coastal biogeochemical cycles. However, the impact of SGD-derived dissolved carbon on the coastal carbon budget remains poorly understood. This study first quantified SGD and associated dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) fluxes in Daya Bay using mass balance models based on radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra and 228Ra). We then constructed carbon mass balance models to evaluate the impact of SGD-derived carbon on the buffering capacity against coastal ocean acidification. The estimated SGD fluxes ranged from 0.80 × 107 to 2.64 × 107 m3d-1. The DIC, DOC and TA fluxes from SGD were 17.90-36.44 mmol m-2d-1, 0.93-2.13 mmol m-2d-1, and 21.19-28.47 mmol m-2d-1, respectively. Based on carbon mass balances, the DIC flux from SGD was 19-39 times the riverine input, accounting for 27.16 % ∼ 37.64 % of the total carbon source. These results suggest that SGD is a major contributor to DIC, significantly affecting the coastal carbon budget. Furthermore, the average TA:DIC ratio of groundwater discharging into Daya Bay was approximately 1.13. High TA exports enhance the buffering capacity of the coastal ocean and contribute bicarbonate to the ocean, playing a significant role in the ocean carbon sequestration process. This study demonstrates the importance of SGD-derived dissolved carbon in the assessment of coastal carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Earth Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, China.
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7
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Kumar BSK, Sarma VVSS. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and labile organic compounds' spatial and temporal variations in coastal Indian groundwater: their bioavailability and transfer to neighboring coastal waters of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:50820-50838. [PMID: 39102145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater drainage (SGD) changes the elemental composition of the neighboring coastal ocean and impacts the biogeochemical cycles. To examine the seasonal and spatial variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and labile organic compound biochemical compounds like dissolved carbohydrates (TDCHO), dissolved proteins (TDPRO), and dissolved free amino acid (TDFAA) concentrations during the dry and wet periods, groundwater samples were taken at 90 locations (180 samples) along the Indian coast. The mean DOC contents in Indian coastal groundwaters were more significant than the global mean values. DOC, TDCHO, TDPRO, and TDFAA concentrations are higher during wet than dry periods. The DOC and labile organic compound showed a substantial positive association with soil organic carbon, and respective labile compounds in soil, population, and land usage and poor relation with woodland territories, implying that soil organic compounds leaching is a source of DOC and other labile organic compounds into the groundwater. DOC and other labile compounds concentrations were linearly associated with population density, land usage, and sewage production, demonstrating that anthropogenic activities tightly regulate the formation of DOC in groundwater. During the wet and dry periods, total labile organic compounds (TDCHO, TDFAA, and TDPRO) constituted 21% and 10.5% of DOC, respectively. Compared to the wet time, more aromatic compounds accumulated during the dry season but were less bioavailable. SGD DOC flux contributed 2-7% of riverine DOC flux to the coastal ocean. The SGD flux from the Indian subcontinent to the nearby northern Indian Ocean accounts for approximately 2% of the worldwide SGD flux. The effect of DOC flux via SGD on coastal bacterial activity, the plankton food web, and the oxygen minimum zone must be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S K Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, India.
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kochi, India.
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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8
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Lisboa MS, Schneider RL, Rudstam LG, Walter MT. Groundwater inputs could be a significant but often overlooked source of phosphorus in lake ecosystems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16269. [PMID: 39009683 PMCID: PMC11251285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater lakes are severely threatened, due largely to excess inputs of nutrients and other contaminants. Phosphorus (P) is receiving renewed attention due to recent increases in toxic cyanobacteria blooms in lakes worldwide. We investigated groundwater seepage for its role in P loading dynamics at Oneida Lake, New York, USA-one of the most well-studied lakes globally. P loading was measured at representative sites along the 88 km shoreline over three summers by directly measuring groundwater flow using seepage meters and porewater samplers. Groundwater seepage was a continuous and significant source of dissolved P over the summer months, comparable to tributary sources to the lake during that time. This constant input has enriched the concentrations of P in the nearshore surface waters, significantly above levels in the pelagic zone. Pore Total Phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads reached extremely high values (up to 100 mg/L), with inorganic P representing only ~ 10% of TP per site. Groundwater seepage flows and P loadings were highly variable across space and time, partially explained by adjacent land uses and precipitation. Our research concludes that groundwater seepage is a significant, but overlooked, source of dissolved P and a crucial factor driving summer primary production at Oneida Lake, and likely other temperate lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sol Lisboa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Schneider
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lars G Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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9
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Ren X, Wang XL, Zhang FF, Du JQ, Du JZ, Hong GH. Utilities of environmental radioactivity tracers in assessing sequestration potential of carbon in the coastal wetland ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 277:107464. [PMID: 38851006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Demand for accurate estimation of coastal blue carbon sequestration rates in a regular interval has recently surged due to the increasing awareness of nature-based climate solutions to alleviate adverse impacts stemming from the recent global warming. The robust estimation method is, however, far from well-established. The international community requires, moreover, to quantify its effect of "management." This article tries to provide the environmental isotope community with basic biophysical features of coastal blue carbon ecosystems to identify a suitable set of environmental isotopes for promoting coastal ocean-based climate solutions. This article reviews (i) the primary biophysical characteristics of coastal blue carbon ecosystems and hydrology, (ii) their consequential impact on the accumulation and preservation of organic carbon (OC) in the sediment column, (iii) suitable environmental isotopes to quantifying the sedimentary organic carbon accumulation, outwelling of the carbon-containing byproducts of decomposition of biogenic organic matter and acid neutralizing alkalinity produced in situ sediment to the offshore. Above-ground biomass is not cumulative over the years except for mangrove forests within coastal blue carbon systems. Non-gaseous carbon sequestration and loss occur mainly as a form of sediment organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved carbon in an intertidal and subtidal bottom sediment body in a slow, patchy, and dispersive way, on which this article focuses. Investigating environmental radionuclides is probably the most cost-effective effort to contribute to defining the offshore spatial extent of coastal blue carbon systems except for seagrass beds (e.g., Ra isotopes), to quantify millimeter per year scale carbon accretion and loss within the systems (e.g., 7Be, 210Pb) and a liter per meter of coastline per a day scale water movement from the systems (Ra isotopes). A millimeter-scale spatial and an annual (or less) time-scale resolution offered by the use of environmental isotopes would equip us with a novel tool to enhance the carbon storage capacity of the coastal blue carbon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - X L Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - F F Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - J Q Du
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - J Z Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - G H Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Integrated Marine Biosphere Research International Project Office, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200242, China.
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10
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Nayak SK, Nandimandalam JR. Unravelling the signatures of submarine groundwater discharge and seawater intrusion along the coastal plains of Odisha, India: a multi-proxy approach. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:254. [PMID: 38884664 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) and Seawater Intrusion (SWI) are two contrary hydrological processes that occur across the land-sea continuum and understanding their nature is essential for management and development of coastal groundwater resource. Present study has attempted to demarcate probable zones of SGD and SWI along highly populated Odisha coastal plains which is water stressed due to indiscriminate-exploitation of groundwater leading to salinization and fresh groundwater loss from the alluvial aquifers. A multi-proxy investigation approach including decadal groundwater level dynamics, LANDSAT derived sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and in-situ physicochemical analysis (pH, EC, TDS, salinity and temperature) of porewater, groundwater and seawater were used to locate the SGD and SWI sites. A total of 340 samples for four seasons (85 samples i.e., 30 porewater, 30 seawater and 25 groundwater in each season) were collected and their in-situ parameters were measured at every 1-2 km gap along ~ 145 km coastline of central Odisha (excluding the estuarine region). Considering high groundwater EC values (> 3000 μS/cm), three probable SWI and low porewater salinities (< 32 ppt in pre- and < 25 ppt in post-monsoons), four probable SGD zones were identified. The identified zones were validated with observed high positive hydraulic gradient (> 10 m) at SGD and negative hydraulic gradient (< 0 m) at SWI sites along with anomalous SST (colder in pre- and warmer in post-monsoon) near probable SGD locations. This study is first of its kind along the Odisha coast and may act as initial basis for subsequent investigations on fresh-saline interaction along the coastal plains where environmental integrity supports the livelihood of coastal communities and the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kanta Nayak
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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11
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R P, V J L, Kessarkar PM, Kumar A, Pesso C, Gomes C. Fresh and recirculated submarine groundwater discharge zones along the central west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118406. [PMID: 38382659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The study area receives an average of 2840.0 mm of rainfall within four months every year. A portion of the rainwater is flown to the sea as surface water, and the other part is percolated into the bottom as groundwater. In coastal aquifers, the groundwater is transported to the sea due to a hydraulic gradient, and it contains a significant quantity of dissolved materials and nutrients. SGD processes impact the ocean productivity, mangrove and coral growth, local acidification and many. To isolate the SGD on the central west coast of India, different data was referred. The GWL concerning MSL contributed significantly to demarcating the SGD zones by considering the positive (>0 m) and negative (<0 m) values of GWL concerning above MSL. Thermal images for SST of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods of 2020 exhibit cooler surrounded by warmer, which might be the SGD buffering zones in the off-central west coast of India. By considering the results from GWL and SST, 8 SGD beach sites were identified for the further particularized study. The water samples were collected in March 2022, and analyzed using standard procedures and instruments. Fresh and mixing (recirculated) zones have been isolated by piper, hydrochemical facies evolution, and Ca2++Mg2+/K++Na + Vs log Cl- ionic ratio plots. The aquifer water chemical elements are converting possibly due to ionic exchange processes. The decrease in salinity and conductivity observed in the pore water just below the seawater might be due to the influence of freshwater inputs, helping to isolate the fresh SGD and recirculated SGD zones in the study area. Among 8 sites, 3 were found to be fresh SGD sites and 5 were noticed to be mixing/recirculated SGD sites. Most of these Beaches are bounded by hills, which helps to lead the SGD along the central west coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash R
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Loveson V J
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Pratima M Kessarkar
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | | | - Concy Gomes
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
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12
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Moore WS, Benitez-Nelson C, Schutte C, Moody A, Shiller A, Sibert RJ, Joye S. SGD-OD: investigating the potential oxygen demand of submarine groundwater discharge in coastal systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9249. [PMID: 38649393 PMCID: PMC11035578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) supplies nutrients, carbon, metals, and radionuclide tracers to estuarine and coastal waters. One aspect of SGD that is poorly recognized is its direct effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) demand in receiving waters, denoted here as SGD-OD. Sulfate-mediated oxidation of organic matter in salty coastal aquifers produces numerous reduced byproducts including sulfide, ammonia, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, methane, and reduced metals. When these byproducts are introduced to estuarine and coastal systems by SGD and are oxidized, they may substantially reduce the DO concentration in receiving waters and impact organisms living there. We consider six estuarine and coastal sites where SGD derived fluxes of reduced byproducts are well documented. Using data from these sites we present a semiquantitative model to estimate the effect of these byproducts on DO in the receiving waters. Without continued aeration with atmospheric oxygen, the study sites would have experienced periodic hypoxic conditions due to SGD-OD. The presence of H2S supplied by SGD could also impact organisms. This process is likely prevalent in other systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard S Moore
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Claudia Benitez-Nelson
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Charles Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Moody
- Division of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Alan Shiller
- Division of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Ryan J Sibert
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samantha Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Zhang Z, Yi L, Hu Y, Liu N, Ren L. Submarine groundwater discharge and ocean acidification: Implications from China's coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116252. [PMID: 38479328 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a global environmental concern, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a potentially process that enhances OA. This review summarizes the relationship between two types of constituents carried by SGD into China's seawater and OA. 1) Current research predominantly concentrates on constituent fluxes from SGD, neglecting its ecological impacts on carbon and nutrients budgets, as well as the mechanisms between carbon and nutrients. 2) Uncertainties persist in SGD research methods and acidification characterization. 3) There's a need to enhance quantitative research methods of SGD-OA, particularly in areas with intricate biogeochemical processes. Effective identification methods are crucial to quantify SGD's contribution to OA. Investigating core scientific questions, including SGD's impact on OA rates and scales, is paramount. While the primary focus is on SGD-OA research in China, insights gained from novel perspectives could have broader value for coastal management globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lixin Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yubin Hu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lu Ren
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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14
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Zhang X, Li H, Wang X, Kuang X, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Xu C. A comprehensive analysis of submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121320. [PMID: 38382290 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater discharge and associated nutrient fluxes in the Bohai Sea, China has attracted great attention, but most studies lacked high spatial resolution for the whole sea. As the largest semi-enclosed sea in China, the Bohai Sea is confronted with strong environmental pollution problems such as eutrophication induced by terrestrial nutrient inputs. However, the role of SGD has not been evaluated well for the whole Bohai Sea. In this study, stable isotopes (hydrogen and oxygen), radioactive isotope (228Ra), salinity, and temperature were combined to trace the diluted seawater. Mass balances of 228Ra, oxygen isotope, and salinity were used to quantify SGD and nutrient fluxes to the Bohai Sea. The estimated submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) and SGD to the Bohai Sea were (6.0 ± 0.5) × 109 and (2.7 ± 1.6) × 1011 m3 a-1, respectively. SFGD represents 10 % to 11 % of the total river discharge and SGD is about 2 to 8 folds of the total river discharge to the sea. Moreover, SGD derived dissolved nutrients to the Bohai Sea were (4.8 ± 4.0) × 1010 mol a-1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, (1.9 ± 1.7) × 1010 mol a-1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and (6.7 ± 5.5) × 1010 mol a-1 for silicon. These nutrient inputs were about 10 to 20 folds of the total riverine inputs. Overall, this study underscores the importance of evaluating SGD to better understand the terrestrial imported nutrients in regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolang Zhang
- Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingxing Kuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409, USA
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Camacho-Cruz K, Ortiz-Hernández MC, Carrillo L, Sánchez A. Variability of the trophic state in a coastal reef system associated with submarine groundwater discharge in the Mexican Caribbean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32818-9. [PMID: 38503958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) have been associated with important sources of nutrients between the land and oceans that can generate eutrophication conditions. This study aims to analyze the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus using the mixing curve method, to examine the variation of the trophic state using the Karydis Index, and to evaluate the δ15N in benthic organisms to trace the origin of nitrogen in neap tide (November) and spring tide (January) in the Manatí Cenote, and Nohoch-Teek reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean. Nitrogen and phosphate enrichment was in the Manatí Cenote during neap and spring tides. This enrichment was particularly noticeable in the reef lagoon during low tides in the areas influenced by SGD. In the Cenote, differences in the nitrate trophic state were observed, indicating an eu-mesotrophic condition during neap tide and a mesotrophic condition during spring tide. However, no significant differences were observed for ammonium (oligo-mesotrophic), nitrites, or phosphate compounds (oligotrophic). The trophic state reef lagoon exhibited a similar pattern but with different spatial variations. In both systems, phosphorus was a limiting nutrient, while δ15N suggested anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by several benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Camacho-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Prolongación Av. Niños Héroes s/n, C.P. 77580 Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - María Concepción Ortiz-Hernández
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, s/n Col. Pacto Obrero Campesino Chetumal, C.P. 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Laura Carrillo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, s/n Col. Pacto Obrero Campesino Chetumal, C.P. 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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16
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Yu X, Liu J, Chen X, Yu H, Du J. Fresh and saline groundwater nutrient inputs and their impacts on the nutrient budgets in a human-effected bay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116026. [PMID: 38211541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be highly enriched in nutrients, especially in bays with strong human activity, but has often been overlooked in coastal nutrient budgets. This study investigated the impact of both fresh and saline SGD on nutrient budgets in Sanmen Bay, China, a region heavily influenced by human activities. Based on the 224Ra mass balance model, the total SGD flux was estimated to be (1.1 ± 0.1) × 108 m3 d-1 (13.9 ± 0.5 cm d-1). Additionally, a water-salt mass balance model revealed that fresh SGD flux accounted for ~9.0 % of the total SGD flux. The results highlight the significance of fresh SGD as a freshwater source, contributing to 35.9 % of the total dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) flux via SGD. Considering all nutrient sources and sinks in the Sanmen Bay, SGD was identified as the primary source of nutrients in Sanmen Bay, contributing 53.9 % and 11.9 % of the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DIP input, respectively. Furthermore, the discharge of industrial/domestic sewage and mariculture wastewater also posed a potential threat to nutrient levels in the bay. Thus, initiatives such as reasonable control of culture species and scale, strengthening wastewater discharge and SGD management are crucial for maintaining the ecological environment of the Sanmen Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huaming Yu
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Zhou W, Wang H, Zhong Q, Shao Y, Zhou D, Yu X. Characterizing 226Ra and its daughters in coastal zone groundwater of a typical human-activity affected bay: occurrence, safety, and source evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8703-8718. [PMID: 38180669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their extremely toxic properties, 226Ra and it daughters (222Rn, 210Pb, and 210Po) in drinking groundwater require monitoring. Recent studies have reported exceptionally high levels of natural 210Po (up to 10,000 Bq/m3), 226Ra, and 222Rn isotopes in groundwater. This study aims to provide background data on 226Ra and its daughter radionuclides in the typical agricultural-industrial Dongshan Bay (DSB) before the construction of Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant (Zhangzhou NPP). The measurement results indicate that no abnormally high activities of 210Po and 210Pb were detected in the investigated wells. Strong positive correlations between 210Pb and 210Po, as well as between 222Rn and 210Pb activities, suggest that the origins of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater are strongly influenced by the decay of the parent radionuclides 222Rn and 210Pb, respectively. In the DSB coastal zone groundwater, significant deficiencies of 210Po relative to 210Pb and 210Pb relative to 222Rn were observed, providing further evidence that 210Po and 210Pb are also effectively scavenged due to their geochemical properties (specifically particle affinity) within the groundwater-aquifer system. A systematic comparison among all relevant water bodies in the DSB revealed that the activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater were the highest, except for rainwater. Based on the evaluation of 210Pb sources, the results imply that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important pathway for transferring radionuclides (such as 210Pb) from land to the nearshore marine environment, even though the study area has a lower 210Pb background groundwater. By considering all the 210Pb's sources in the DSB, we found low 210Pb background groundwater discharge still needs to be taken into account for small-scale bays. This is because SGD was calculated to be one of the most important 210Pb sources in the bay during observation season. Regardless of whether the system is in a normal state or a nuclear accident emergency state, greater attention should be paid to the groundwater discharge of radionuclides into the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhou
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, 184 # DaXue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, 184 # DaXue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yi Shao
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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18
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Feng C, Jiang W, Yu K, Sun Y, Xie S, Han Y, Wei C. Cumulated influence of natural and anthropogenic drivers on surface seawater barium: Evidence from a high-resolution coral record in the northern South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167414. [PMID: 37777129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Barium (Ba) plays a crucial role as a tracer element in elucidating essential marine biogeochemical processes. However, the limited knowledge regarding Ba sources and variations impedes our comprehension of the diverse array of processes occurring in the marine environment. Although coral Ba/Ca ratios have demonstrated potential as a tracer of oceanic Ba, there remains a scarcity of long-term and high-resolution records to fully utilize this technique. Here, we presented a 32-year record of monthly coral Ba/Ca ratios and δ18O from the Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea to elucidate the sources and the influence factors on surface seawater Ba. The results indicated no significant correlation between coral Ba/Ca and sea surface temperature or growth rate, implying that coral Ba/Ca ratios could serve as a dependable proxy for surface seawater Ba concentrations. Significant increases and abrupt fluctuations in coral Ba/Ca ratios were observed during the period of oil drilling exploration and engineering construction, indicating that anthropogenic activities might lead to an elevation of surface seawater Ba levels, subsequently affecting coral Ba/Ca ratios. The winter coral Ba/Ca peaks on monthly timescales were confirmed to be caused by resuspended sediment driven by the winter monsoon. Extreme peaks of coral Ba/Ca occurring during the wet season demonstrated the potential of coral Ba/Ca to record tropical cyclones, which has not been found in low-resolution scale studies. The continuous, long-term, and high-resolution coral Ba/Ca time series provides compelling evidence for the combined influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors on seawater Ba concentrations. These findings significantly contribute to the comprehension of the intricate biogeochemical cycling of marine Ba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Feng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Yinan Sun
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Sirong Xie
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yansong Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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19
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Peng T, Yu X, Liu J, Zhu Z, Du J. Capturing the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on nutrient speciation dynamics within an estuarine aquaculture ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122467. [PMID: 37640223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays a crucial role in nutrient dynamics and eutrophication status of the typical estuarine ecosystems, which are hotspots for groundwater-borne nutrient and are sensitive to aquaculture activities. To evaluate the significant role of SGD in regulating nutrient dynamics in an aquaculture estuary, a radium mass balance model combined biological feeding experiment was carried out in the present study. The results demonstrated that SGD fluxes were estimated to be 15.9 ± 9.41 cm d-1, 18.1 ± 8.51 cm d-1, and 23.0 ± 13.7 cm d-1 during July 2019, October 2019 and April 2021, and the SGD-driven dissolved inorganic/organic nutrient fluxes were 0.6-3.1-fold, 0.2-0.9-fold and 0.4-29-fold higher than those of riverine input, respectively. Seasonal variabilities of SGD rates indicated that saline SGD is dominated and is primarily modified by the oceanic forcing stimulated by tidal and wave dynamics. The contrasting conditions between bottom-up (groundwater- and river-derived nutrient fluxes) and top-down (nutrient responses in estuarine waters), showed the significance of seasonal differences in the biochemical mechanisms and aquaculture effects of modifying nitrogen dynamics. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and nitrification were responsible for the contrasting NOx- (NO2- and NO3-) and NH4+ conditions in July and October, respectively, and these factors jointly regulated NOx- and NH4+ in April. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the predominant component among the three seasons, except for DON degeneration in October, and it increased due to NH4+ assimilation by the phytoplankton community. These findings indicated that biochemical transformation has potential ramifications for the dynamics of SGD-driven nutrients and the management in marine aquaculture ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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20
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Gibson VL, Richards Donà A, Smith CM. Measuring tissue water potential in marine macroalgae via an updated Chardakov method. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad055. [PMID: 37899983 PMCID: PMC10601392 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of tissue water potential is a key mechanism in macroalgal osmotic responses to changing external osmotic conditions, which are common in tidally influenced estuarine and intertidal systems. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of osmotic responses in macroalgae because few methods measure osmotic potential within macroalgal tissues. Leaf psychrometers have furthered understanding of osmotic potentials in terrestrial plant water relations, yet these have not been developed to measure the range of highly negative potential values found in marine macroalgae. To address these gaps, we present an effective, updated version of the Chardakov method to measure tissue water potential in macroalgae. Here, we present a case study examining macroalgal response in tissue water potential by two morphologically and evolutionarily distinct species, Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophyta) to four paired salinity and nutrient treatments at two temperatures. These treatments simulate a gradient from full coastal ocean conditions to brackish submarine groundwater discharge, an ecosystem type found on basaltic shorelines. Both algae demonstrated plasticity in osmotic response to submarine groundwater discharge with significant positive correlations between tissue water potential and proportion of submarine groundwater discharge in the treatment. These results are the first to describe macroalgal response in tissue water potential, a first step to understanding algal physiological ecology in such complex coastal environments. This revised Chardakov method is a valuable tool to better understand species-specific osmotic responses to ecologically relevant conditions, and can augment the study of other tidal systems and ontogenetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Gibson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 310 Maile Way, St John 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 293, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kāneʻohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - A Richards Donà
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 310 Maile Way, St John 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 293, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - C M Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 310 Maile Way, St John 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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21
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Tzempelikou E, Parinos C, Zeri C, Hatzianestis I, Abualnaja Y, Hoteit I, Plakidi E, Chourdaki S, Iliakis S, Papadopoulos VP, Pavlidou A. Pollution status determination using trace metals and organic contaminants of the water column in coastal areas of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba: A baseline assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115379. [PMID: 37567128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to provide a baseline assessment of the pollution status of the water column in coastal areas of Saudi Arabia (Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba), using trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in seawater samples obtained from 71 sampling stations in June-July 2021. Concerning trace metals, the maximum concentrations for Co, Cu and Ni were detected in Al-Shuqaiq, whereas the highest Pb and Zn concentrations were found in the Jeddah lagoon waters. Elevated concentrations of TPHs and the highest sum of PAHs were recorded in surface waters of Al Lith, Jeddah lagoon and Jeddah Mena. Overall, the concentrations of all trace metals, TPHs and individual PAHs for which environmental standards have been stipulated for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fall well below the threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tzempelikou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - C Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece.
| | - C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - I Hatzianestis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Y Abualnaja
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - I Hoteit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Plakidi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - S Chourdaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - S Iliakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - V P Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - A Pavlidou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
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22
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Marrack LC, Beavers SC. Anchialine pool shrimp (Halocaridina rubra) as an indicator of sewage in coastal groundwater ecosystems on the island of Hawai'i. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290658. [PMID: 37651382 PMCID: PMC10470924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is a primary pathway for wastewater and other pollutants to enter coastal ecosystems worldwide. Sewage associated pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and other emerging contaminants pose potential risks to marine life and human health. Anchialine pool ecosystems and the endemic species they support are at risk and provide an opportunity to sample for presence of contaminants prior to diffusion in the marine environment. In this study, we tested the potential use of nitrogen isotopes in the tissues of a dominant anchialine pool grazing shrimp (Halocaridina rubra), as a bioindicator for sewage in groundwater flowing through their habitats. Water quality parameters and shrimp tissue isotopes (N and C) were collected from pools exposed to a range of sewage contamination along the West Hawai'i coastal corridor from 2015 to 2017. Data were used to test for spatial and temporal variability both within and among pools and to examine the relationship between stable isotopes and water quality parameters. Within 22 pools, mean δ15N from whole tissue samples ranged between 2.74‰ and 22.46‰. Variability of isotope values was low within individual pools and within pool clusters. However, δ15N differed significantly between areas and indicated that sewage is entering groundwater in some of the sampled locations. The significant positive relationship between δ15N and dissolved nitrogen (p<0.001, R2 = 0.84) and δ15N and phosphorus (p<0.001, R2 = 0.9) support this conclusion. In a mesocosm experiment, the nitrogen half-life for H. rubra tissue was estimated to be 20.4 days, demonstrating that the grazer provides a time-integrative sample compared to grab-sample measurements of dissolved nutrients. Ubiquitous grazers such as H. rubra may prove a useful and cost-effective method for δ15N detection of sewage in conjunction with standard monitoring methods, enabling sampling of a large number of pools to establish and refine monitoring programs, especially because anchialine habitats typically support no macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Marrack
- Department of Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Sallie C. Beavers
- Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Kailua-Kona, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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23
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Ghaly TM, Focardi A, Elbourne LDH, Sutcliffe B, Humphreys W, Paulsen IT, Tetu SG. Stratified microbial communities in Australia's only anchialine cave are taxonomically novel and drive chemotrophic energy production via coupled nitrogen-sulphur cycling. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 37626351 PMCID: PMC10463829 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anchialine environments, in which oceanic water mixes with freshwater in coastal aquifers, are characterised by stratified water columns with complex physicochemical profiles. These environments, also known as subterranean estuaries, support an abundance of endemic macro and microorganisms. There is now growing interest in characterising the metabolisms of anchialine microbial communities, which is essential for understanding how complex ecosystems are supported in extreme environments, and assessing their vulnerability to environmental change. However, the diversity of metabolic strategies that are utilised in anchialine ecosystems remains poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we employ shotgun metagenomics to elucidate the key microorganisms and their dominant metabolisms along a physicochemical profile in Bundera Sinkhole, the only known continental subterranean estuary in the Southern Hemisphere. Genome-resolved metagenomics suggests that the communities are largely represented by novel taxonomic lineages, with 75% of metagenome-assembled genomes assigned to entirely new or uncharacterised families. These diverse and novel taxa displayed depth-dependent metabolisms, reflecting distinct phases along dissolved oxygen and salinity gradients. In particular, the communities appear to drive nutrient feedback loops involving nitrification, nitrate ammonification, and sulphate cycling. Genomic analysis of the most highly abundant members in this system suggests that an important source of chemotrophic energy is generated via the metabolic coupling of nitrogen and sulphur cycling. CONCLUSION These findings substantially contribute to our understanding of the novel and specialised microbial communities in anchialine ecosystems, and highlight key chemosynthetic pathways that appear to be important in these energy-limited environments. Such knowledge is essential for the conservation of anchialine ecosystems, and sheds light on adaptive processes in extreme environments. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Ghaly
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amaranta Focardi
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Liam D H Elbourne
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - William Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Zhang F, Wang J, Huang D, Zhong Q, Yu T, Du J. Fresh Groundwater Discharge as a Major Source of 90Sr into the Coastal Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12033-12041. [PMID: 37530516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior and source of 90Sr in the coastal ocean remain uncertain. Here, we investigated the distributions of 90Sr in coastal fresh groundwater, river water, pore water, and seawater in three bays along the southeastern coast of China between 2019 and 2021 and evaluated the potential of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a source of coastal 90Sr. The 90Sr activity in coastal fresh groundwater was higher than that in river water and seawater, while the 90Sr activity in pore water was comparable to that in adjacent seawater. In addition, nonconservative mixing behavior of 90Sr along the salinity gradient between river water and seawater was observed. These observations indicated that fresh SGD may serve as an additional source of 90Sr in coastal seawater. Combining our groundwater 90Sr data with the reported fresh SGD flux data, the estimated fresh SGD-derived 90Sr fluxes into the three bays were comparable to or even higher than those supplied by riverine sources. These results revealed that fresh SGD is a major but overlooked source of 90Sr in the coastal ocean. This subterranean pathway for transport of 90Sr to the coastal ocean should be considered in the monitoring and risk assessment of coastal areas, especially those near nuclear facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fule Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dekun Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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25
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Kanna A R, Srinivasamoorthy K, C B, G P. Groundwater and pore water inputs to the Bay of Bengal supported by geochemical tracers: Example from Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, East Coast of India. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139327. [PMID: 37356588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and Saline water intrusion (SWI) are the two major processes that influence coastal aquifers resulting in severe water stress. It is essential to characterize groundwater dynamics and discriminate geochemical characterization to understand both approaches. The present study investigates the zones influenced by SGD and SWI along the coastal aquifers of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Pore water (PW) and groundwater (GW) samples were collected during the monsoon season at low tide and analyzed for major ions adopting standard procedures. Hydrogeochemical characterization of water samples revealed by the piper, ionic ratio, ionic delta (Δmi), and seawater fraction (fSea) plots suggest that the PW samples, irrespective of location and GW samples in specific areas, were attributed to SWI, while the remaining samples suggested SGD. The average chloride-attributed SGD flux calculated for PW was 23.45 × 10-7 L cm-2 S-1 and for GW, 0.58 × 10-7 L cm-S-1. Higher fluxes observed in PW suggest seawater recirculation as the primary mechanism, and GW samples were found to be influenced by fresh, recirculated, and saline intrusions. Overall, the northern parts of the study region were influenced by freshwater discharge. However, the central and southern parts of the study regions were influenced by mixed RSGD and SWI water types. The present work suggests locations influenced by fresh, recirculated, and saline water zones that can benefit the stakeholders in planning strategies to identify proper aquifer recharge and suggest ideal pumping scenarios to sustain groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kanna A
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - K Srinivasamoorthy
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - Babu C
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Ponnumani G
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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26
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Sajeev S, Muthukumar P, Selvam S. Submarine groundwater discharge: An Asian overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138261. [PMID: 36898441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the combination of fresh and saline groundwater flux to marine system through continental boundaries regardless of its chemical composition and factors influencing the flow. We have discussed the SGD studies in the Asian context; SGD has been studied in various parts of Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. In China, SGD has been studied in several coastal regions, including the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea. In Japan, SGD has been studied in the Pacific coast, where it has been found to be an important source of fresh water to the coastal ocean. In South Korea, SGD has been studied in the Yellow Sea, where it has been found to be an important source of fresh water to the coastal ocean. In Southeast Asia, SGD has been studied in several countries, including Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Recently the SGD studies acquired much development India, the research on SGD in India is limited, and more studies are needed to understand the SGD process, its impact on the coastal environment, and the management strategies, Groundwater extraction for irrigation, industry, and domestic use is increasing in India, which can affect the SGD process in coastal aquifers. Overall, the studies suggest that SGD is an important process in Asian coastal regions, playing a role in the supply of fresh water and the transport of pollutants and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthy Sajeev
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; Registration No: 19212232222016, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Muthukumar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Carol E, Galliari MJ, Santucci L, Nuñez F, Faleschini M. Assessment of groundwater-driven dissolved nutrient inputs to coastal wetlands associated with marsh-coastal lagoons systems of the littoral of the outer Río de la Plata estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163942. [PMID: 37149199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In coastal wetlands the hydrological dynamics and in particular the groundwater flows play a critical role in the establishment of wetlands and in the transport of salts and nutrients. The aim of the work is to analyze the role that groundwater discharge has in the dynamics of the dissolved nutrients of the wetland associated with the coastal lagoon and marshes of the Punta Rasa Natural Reserve, which is located on the coastal sector of the southern end of the Río de la Plata estuary. A monitoring network in the form of transects was generated in order to define groundwater flows and take samples of dissolved species of N and P. The presence of sandy sediments with similar granulometric profiles in all geomorphological environments determines that the underground flow occurs in a homogeneous aquifer. From the dunes and beach ridges the fresh to brackish groundwater flows with a very low hydraulic gradient towards the marsh and coastal lagoon. The contributions of N and P would derive from the degradation of the organic matter of the environment, in the case of the marsh and coastal lagoon also from the tidal flow and discharge of groundwater, and possibly from atmospheric sources in the case of N. Since in all environments oxidizing conditions dominate, nitrification is the main process which is why the most abundant species of N is the NO3-. Under oxidizing conditions, P has a greater affinity for the sediments in which it is mostly retained, registering it in low concentrations in water. The discharge of groundwater from the dunes and beach ridges provides dissolved nutrients to the marsh and coastal lagoon. However, the low hydraulic gradient and the dominant oxidizing conditions determine that the flow is scarce and that it only acquires relevance in the contribution of NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carol
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina.
| | - M J Galliari
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina
| | - L Santucci
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina
| | - F Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina
| | - M Faleschini
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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28
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Kurtz BE, Landmeyer JE, Culter JK. Precipitation, submarine groundwater discharge of nitrogen, and red tides along the southwest Florida Gulf coast. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16046. [PMID: 37215903 PMCID: PMC10196494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis occur almost every year along the southwest Florida Gulf coast. Long-duration blooms with especially high concentrations of K. brevis, known as red tides, destroy marine life through production of neurotoxins. Current hypotheses are that red tides originate in oligotrophic waters far offshore using nitrogen (N) from upwelling bottom water or, alternatively, from blooms of Trichodesmium, followed by advection to nearshore waters. But the amount of N available from terrestrial sources does not appear to be adequate to maintain a nearshore red tide. To explain this discrepancy, we hypothesize that contemporary red tides are associated with release of N from offshore submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) that has accumulated in benthic sediment biomass by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The release occurs when sediment labile organic carbon (LOC), used as the electron donor in DNRA, is exhausted. Detritus from the resulting destruction of marine life restores the sediment LOC to continue the cycle of red tides. The severity of individual red tides increases with increased bloom-year precipitation in the geographic region where the SGD originates, while the severity of ordinary blooms is relatively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Kurtz
- New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd., Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | | | - James K. Culter
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
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29
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Gutiérrez-Martín D, Gil-Solsona R, Saaltink MW, Rodellas V, López-Serna R, Folch A, Carrera J, Gago-Ferrero P. Chemicals of emerging concern in coastal aquifers: Assessment along the land-ocean interface. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130876. [PMID: 36736215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is recognized as a relevant source of pollutants to the sea, but little is known about its relevance as a source of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs). Here, both the presence and distribution of a wide range of CECs have been evaluated in the most comprehensive manner to date, in a well-characterized Mediterranean coastal aquifer near Barcelona (Spain). Samples from coastal groundwater and seawater allowed for the unique spatial characterization of the pollutants present in the land-ocean interface, an outstanding research gap that required attention. The main goals were (1) to determine CECs in the aquifer, so as to evaluate the SGD as a relevant source of marine pollution, and (2) to identify new tracers to improve our understanding of SGD dynamics. To this end, 92 CECs were located in the aquifer by using wide-scope analytical target methodologies (>2000 chemicals). Among them, the perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), along with the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine and topiramate, were revealed to be good markers for tracing anthropogenic contamination in ground- and seawater, in concrete situations (e.g., highly contaminated sites). Additionally, non-target analysis expanded the number of potential tracers, making it a promising tool for identifying both the source and the fate of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutiérrez-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maarten W Saaltink
- Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain Department of Civil and Environment, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentí Rodellas
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rebeca López-Serna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Albert Folch
- Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain Department of Civil and Environment, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Carrera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain Department of Civil and Environment, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Das I, Chanda A, Akhand A, Hazra S. Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040863. [PMID: 37109391 PMCID: PMC10141991 DOI: 10.3390/life13040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO2 and CH4 dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO2 and CH4 [pCO2(water) and pCH4(water)] and air-water CO2 and CH4 fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO2 emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in pCO2(water) and pCH4(water), enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated pCO2(water) and pCH4(water) and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-a concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH4 in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the pCO2(water) and water-to-air CO2 fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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31
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Coomar P, Das K, Debnath P, Verma S, Das P, Biswas A, Mukherjee A. Arsenic enriched groundwater discharge to a tropical ocean: Understanding controls and processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120838. [PMID: 36496069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in transporting terrestrial-sourced arsenic (As) to the global oceans is not well documented. In the present study, executed on a coast adjoining the extensive groundwater As-contaminated Ganges river delta, we hypothesize that As-enriched groundwater discharges to the adjoining Bay of Bengal (BoB) through SGD flow paths. We conducted high-resolution, field-based investigations and thermodynamic modeling to understand the SGD-sourced As discharge and geochemical cycling of As and other redox-sensitive solutes along the discharge path under varying redox conditions and water sediment interactions. The As distribution and other solutes were measured in a series of multi-depth observation wells and sediment cores, extending from the high tide line (HTL) to 100 m toward the sea, for pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Results reveal the presence of a plume carrying up to 30 μg/L dissolved load of As toward the sea. Arsenic is associated with a plume of Fe and exhibits similar shore-perpendicular variability. Arsenic distribution and transport is controlled by the Fe-Mn redox cycle and influenced by terrestrial groundwater discharge. Field-observations and geochemical modeling demonstrate that Fe-hydroxide precipitates in the subterranean estuary and acts as an interim sink for As , which is eventually mobilized on alteration of geochemical conditions with the season. Fluctuating plume size can be attributed to seasonal variation in fresh groundwater input to the site. Estimates indicate up to 55mg/m2/d As is released to BoB from the site. Based on physicochemical observations this study demonstrates the yet to be studied SGD derived As cycles and the role of SGD dynamics in controlling the fate of redox-sensitive contaminants and their discharge into global oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomee Coomar
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Kousik Das
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Palash Debnath
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Swati Verma
- Geological Oceanography Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Dona Paula, India
| | - Prerona Das
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ashis Biswas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; Applied Policy Advisory to Hydrosciences Group, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
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32
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Nandimandalam JR, Sharma K, Alagappan R. Preliminary investigation of saline water intrusion (SWI) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) along the south-eastern coast of Andhra Pradesh, India, using groundwater dynamics, sea surface temperature and field water quality anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26338-26356. [PMID: 36369437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activities along the coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh (such as urbanisation, agriculture and aquaculture) rely extensively on coastal fresh groundwater resources that are pumped at unsustainable rates causing groundwater decline and water quality problems due to saline water intrusion. Hydrogeological studies are imperative to implement groundwater conservation strategies in coastal Andhra Pradesh, which is experiencing a severe freshwater shortage due to overexploitation and saline water intrusion as well as clean water loss through the aquifer system close to the coastal plains. An attempt is made in this study to demarcate the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and saline water intrusion (SWI) zones adopting a three-tier validation system, i.e. groundwater dynamic, LANDSAT resultant sea surface temperature (SST) variance and site-specific water characteristics along the southeast coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 234 water samples (139 porewater, 31 groundwater and 64 seawater samples) were evaluated along ~ 450 km southeast coastline of Andhra Pradesh. In situ porewater physio-chemical parameters, i.e. EC, TDS, pH, DO, temperature, and salinity, at every 1 km except non-accessible areas and groundwater for every 5 km were analysed and used for identification of SGD zones in the study area. The hydraulic gradient values vary from - 11 to 250 m in post-monsoon and - 14 to 250 m in pre-monsoon. And sea surface temperature anomaly for 2017, 2018 and 2019 varies between 21-39 °C, 15-34 °C and 20-39 °C. Three districts out of the four districts studied (Krishna, Guntur and Nellore) were shown to be prone to SWI, whereas Prakasam district was susceptible for SGD. For the first time, this kind of preliminary study was carried out in the coastal Andhra Pradesh region, and it will serve as a basis for the meticulous analysis of the fresh and saline water mixing zones/process as well as to develop and manage the groundwater resources along the water-stressed coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krati Sharma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ramanathan Alagappan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Oberle FKJ, Cheriton OM, Swarzenski PW, Brown EK, Storlazzi CD. Physicochemical coastal groundwater dynamics between Kauhakō Crater lake and Kalaupapa settlement, Moloka'i, Hawai'i. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114509. [PMID: 36610300 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Land-based sources of groundwater pollution can be a critical threat to coral reefs, and a better understanding of "ridge-to-reef" water movement is required to advance management and coral survival in the Anthropocene. In this study a more complete understanding of the geological, atmospheric, and oceanic drivers behind coastal groundwater exchange on the Kalaupapa peninsula, on Moloka'i, Hawai'i, is obtained by analyzing high resolution geochemical and geophysical time-series data. In concert with multiyear water level analyses, a tidally and precipitation-driven groundwater connection between Kauhakō Crater lake and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) fluxes are demonstrated. Results include an average discharge rate of 190 cm d-1 and the detection of water-flow pathways past cesspools that likely contribute to higher nutrient loading near the SGD sites. This underlines the importance of managing anthropogenic nutrients that enter the shallow freshwater lens such as through cesspools and are consequently discharged via SGD onto coral reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand K J Oberle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Olivia M Cheriton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Eric K Brown
- National Park Service, National Park of America Samoa, Pago Pago, AS, USA
| | - Curt D Storlazzi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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Lučin I, Družeta S, Mauša G, Alvir M, Grbčić L, Lušić DV, Sikirica A, Kranjčević L. Predictive modeling of microbiological seawater quality in karst region using cascade model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158009. [PMID: 35987218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of seawater quality measurements during the bathing seasons from year 2009 to 2020 in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. Due to rare occurrences of measurements with less than excellent water quality, considered dataset is deeply imbalanced. Additionally, it incorporates measurements under the influence of submerged groundwater discharges (SGD), which were observed in some bathing locations. These discharges were previously thought to dry up during the summer season and are now suspected to be one of the causes of increased Escherichia coli values. Consequently, and in view of the fact that the accuracy of prediction models can be significantly influenced by temporal and spatial variation of the input data, a novel cascade prediction modeling strategy was proposed. It consists of a sequence of prediction models which tend to identify general environmental conditions which confidently lead to excellent bathing water quality. The proposed model uses environmental features which can rather easily be estimated or obtained from the weather forecast. The model was trained on a highly biased dataset, consisting of data from locations with and without SGD influence, and for the time period spanning extremely dry and warm seasons, extremely wet seasons, as well as normal seasons. To simulate realistic application, the model was tested using temporal and spatial stratification of data. The cascade strategy was shown to be a good approach for reliably detecting environmental parameters which produce excellent water quality. Proposed model is designed as a filter method, where instances classified as less-than-excellent water quality require further analysis. The cascade model provides great flexibility as it can be customized to the particular needs of the investigated area and dataset specifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lučin
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Siniša Družeta
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Goran Mauša
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Marta Alvir
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Luka Grbčić
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Darija Vukić Lušić
- Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Ante Sikirica
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Lado Kranjčević
- Department of Fluid Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, Rijeka 51000, Croatia; Center for Advanced Computing and Modelling, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
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35
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Rocha C, Jiang S, Ibánhez JSP, Yang Q, Mazi K, Koussis AD. The effects of subterranean estuary dynamics on nutrient resource ratio availability to microphytobenthos in a coastal lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157522. [PMID: 35878866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Causal links between subterranean estuary (STE) dynamics, their climatological drivers, and the ecology of coastal ecosystems have remained elusive. Yet, establishing these connections is essential for fully integrated management of coastal ecosystems. We test, in a semi-arid climate, whether the composition of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to a lagoon can be regulated by the annual oscillation of the local STE, itself driven by groundwater recharge variability. We study STE outflow samples gathered monthly for a year in the Ria Formosa lagoon, examining the temporal dynamics of salinity, EH, pH (Total scale), dissolved oxygen and nutrient (PO43-, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, and Si(OH)4) concentrations under the local hydrological regime. The objectives were threefold: (1) to determine the annual variability of nutrient content and N:P:Si stoichiometry in SGD into the lagoon; (2) to identify the main drivers of variability in SGD composition and stoichiometry and their interactive effects; (3) to discuss links to, and implications for, ecosystem function that could help define expectations of cause-effect relationships and be useful for environmental management of the lagoon and similar systems elsewhere. We find that the terrestrial groundwater recharge cycle drives the expansion and contraction of the subterranean estuary on annual timescales, causing the pH of SGD to fluctuate in opposition to continental groundwater level. The annual dynamics of the STE and the resulting pH oscillation determine the annual variability of nutrient composition ratio in SGD and shape benthic primary production dynamics. When saltwater intrusion occurs, the pH within SGD increases, enhancing nitrification and desorption of exchangeable phosphorus, while silicate fluxes increase with seawater retreat. The result is that nutrient resource ratio availability for coastal primary production depends on the fresh groundwater level. This implies that ecosystem function in such systems is more tightly related to the dynamics of linked groundwater reservoirs than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - J S P Ibánhez
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Organic Geochemistry Lab, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katerina Mazi
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis D Koussis
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece
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36
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Calvo-Martin E, Teira E, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Rocha C, Jiang S, Justel-Díez M, Ibánhez JSP. On the hidden diversity and niche specialization of the microbial realm of subterranean estuaries. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5859-5881. [PMID: 36054689 PMCID: PMC10087554 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Subterranean estuaries (STEs) modulate the chemical composition of continental groundwater before it reaches the coast, but their microbial community is poorly known. Here, we explored the microbial ecology of two neighbouring, yet contrasting STEs (Panxón and Ladeira STEs; Ría de Vigo, NW Iberian Peninsula). We investigated microbial composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), abundance, heterotrophic production and their geochemical drivers. A total of 10,150 OTUs and 59 phyla were retrieved from porewater sampled during four surveys covering each STE seepage face. In both STEs, we find a very diverse microbial community composed by abundant cosmopolitans and locally restricted rare taxa. Porewater oxygen and dissolved organic matter are the main environmental predictors of microbial community composition. More importantly, the high variety of benthic microbiota links to biogeochemical processes of different elements in STEs. The oxygen-rich Panxón beach showed strong associations of the ammonium oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilales with the heterotrophic community, thus acting as a net source of nitrogen to the coast. On the other hand, the prevailing anoxic conditions of Ladeira beach promoted the dominance of anaerobic heterotrophs related to the degradation of complex and aromatic compounds, such as Dehalococcoidia and Desulfatiglans, and the co-occurrence of methane oxidizers and methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Calvo-Martin
- Organic Geochemistry Lab, Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.,PhD Program in Marine Science, Technology and Management, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Teira
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
- Organic Geochemistry Lab, Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Rocha
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maider Justel-Díez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Severino Pino Ibánhez
- Organic Geochemistry Lab, Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.,School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Ruiz‐González C, Rodríguez‐Pie L, Maister O, Rodellas V, Alorda‐Keinglass A, Diego‐Feliu M, Folch A, Garcia‐Orellana J, Gasol JM. High spatial heterogeneity and low connectivity of bacterial communities along a Mediterranean subterranean estuary. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5745-5764. [PMID: 36112071 PMCID: PMC9827943 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Subterranean estuaries are biogeochemically active coastal sites resulting from the underground mixing of fresh aquifer groundwater and seawater. In these systems, microbial activity can largely transform the chemical elements that may reach the sea through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but little is known about the microorganisms thriving in these land-sea transition zones. We present the first spatially-resolved characterization of the bacterial assemblages along a coastal aquifer in the NW Mediterranean, considering the entire subsurface salinity gradient. Combining bulk heterotrophic activity measurements, flow cytometry, microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing we find large variations in prokaryotic abundances, cell size, activity and diversity at both the horizontal and vertical scales that reflect the pronounced physicochemical gradients. The parts of the transect most influenced by freshwater were characterized by smaller cells and lower prokaryotic abundances and heterotrophic production, but some activity hotspots were found at deep low-oxygen saline groundwater sites enriched in nitrite and ammonium. Diverse, heterogeneous and highly endemic communities dominated by Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota were observed throughout the aquifer, pointing to clearly differentiated prokaryotic niches across these transition zones and little microbial connectivity between groundwater and Mediterranean seawater habitats. Finally, experimental manipulations unveiled large increases in community heterotrophic activity driven by fast growth of some rare and site-specific groundwater Proteobacteria. Our results indicate that prokaryotic communities within subterranean estuaries are highly heterogeneous in terms of biomass, activity and diversity, suggesting that their role in transforming nutrients will also vary spatially within these terrestrial-marine transition zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olena Maister
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Valentí Rodellas
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Aaron Alorda‐Keinglass
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Marc Diego‐Feliu
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain,Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain,Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Garcia‐Orellana
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain,Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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38
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Sekar S, Perumal M, Roy PD, Ganapathy M, Senapathi V, Yong Chung S, Elzain HE, Duraisamy M, Kamaraj J. A review on global status of fresh and saline groundwater discharge into the ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:915. [PMID: 36255565 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the groundwater flow from land to the sea across the seabed, and it includes both terrane freshwater and recirculated seawater in the sub-surface. This review (i) systematically evaluates findings of various quantification methodologies, (ii) examines the estimated SGD in scientific publications between 2000 and 2020, and (iii) quantitatively evaluates current situation of coastal zone management through the bibliometric analysis of research papers. Apart from enhancing the shortage of groundwater resources in coastal area, the SGD brings nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), toxic heavy metals, and organic compounds, and thus contaminate the seawater. Therefore, the improved understanding about location and quantity of global SGD is essential to conserve the coastal and ocean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthukumar Perumal
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
- Registration No: 19212232221045, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadarsi Debajyoti Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Moorthy Ganapathy
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sang Yong Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manimaran Duraisamy
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesuraja Kamaraj
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rahaman W, Tarique M, Fousiya AA, Prabhat P, Achyuthan H. Tracing impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on coastal hydrology using coral 87Sr/ 86Sr record from Lakshadweep, South-Eastern Arabian Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157035. [PMID: 35780895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the dominant climate modes influencing global precipitation and temperature. ENSO has a large impact on the monsoonal precipitations over the Indian subcontinent and thereby influences hydrological conditions. Due to dearth of long-term instrumental records of the hydrological parameters on sufficient spatial resolution, it is difficult to assess the impact of ENSO on regional hydrology. Though several geochemical proxies have been used to reconstruct past ENSO events through tracing the changes in past hydrological and climatic parameters, however, such reconstructions are often complicated by the influence of multiple processes and/or factors and their nonlinear relation with the proxy records. In this study, Sr isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr) was measured in Porites coral from the Lakshadweep, south-eastern Arabian Sea to reconstruct past ENSO events and to trace its regional hydrological impacts. The high precision measurements of 87Sr/86Sr in Lakshadweep coral show resolvable variations ranging from 0.709080 to 0.709210. The 87Sr/86Sr record shows an inverse relation with Niño 3.4 record; lower values matched with El Niño years and higher values with La Niña years. Our investigation reveals that ENSO driven precipitation changes impacted submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the Minicoy Atoll and resulted in 87Sr/86Sr variations of the Minicoy Atoll water. Therefore, deviation from the average seawater 87Sr/86Sr value can be quantified in terms of SGD contribution to the Minicoy Atoll. Our estimates based on binary mixing between seawater and SGD 87Sr/86Sr suggest a significant supply of SGD, maximum up to ~20 % of the total volume of the Minicoy Atoll during La Niña years due to higher rainfall compared to El Niño years. This finding highlights potential application of coral 87Sr/86Sr record as an alternate proxy to reconstruct past ENSO events and to trace its quantitative impact on regional hydrology, chemical and nutrient fluxes to coastal oceans via SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waliur Rahaman
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, India.
| | - Mohd Tarique
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, India
| | - A A Fousiya
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Priyesh Prabhat
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, India; School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Hema Achyuthan
- Institute of Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai, India
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40
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Selvam S, Muthukumar P, Roy PD, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Elzain HE, Muthusamy S, Jesuraja K. Submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient influx in surroundings of the estuary region at Gulf of Mannar coast, Indian Ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135271. [PMID: 35705142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influx of fresh groundwater and re-circulated sea water into coastal ecosystem occurs through the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Measurement of salinity, radium tracers (224Ra, and 226Ra isotopes) and nutrients in estuarine water, coastal surface water and groundwater during December 2019 estimated the SGD and associated nutrient fluxes near the Karameniyar estuary (Gulf of Mannar) and surroundings of the Manapad region at southern part of Tamil Nadu state in India. The presence of excessive radium tracers revealed that the SGD was contributing to Ra desorption from the sediments and enrichment in the coastal waters. We estimated SGD of approximately 0.03-0.59 m3 m-2 d-1 for the Manapad region and relatively more homogeneous but comparatively less values in the Karameniyar estuary (0.03-0.34 m3 m-2 d-1). Higher average values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; 43.62 μmol L-1) and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP; 1.848 μmol L-1) suggested greater influence of SGD on the overall coastal water nutrient budget. This study also indicated simultaneous occurrence of fresh and saline SGD in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, 628008, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - P Muthukumar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, 628008, Tamilnadu, India; Registration No: 19212232221045, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Y Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - S Muthusamy
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, 628008, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Jesuraja
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, 628008, Tamilnadu, India
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41
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Goyetche T, Luquot L, Carrera J, Martínez-Pérez L, Folch A. Identification and quantification of chemical reactions in a coastal aquifer to assess submarine groundwater discharge composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155978. [PMID: 35588800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In coastal aquifers, two opposite but complementary processes occur: Seawater intrusion (SWI), which may salinize heavily exploited aquifers, and Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) which transports oligo-elements to the sea. Aquifers are expected to be chemically reactive, both because they provide abundant surfaces to catalyze reactions and the mixing of very different Fresh Water (FW) and Sea Water (SW) promote numerous reactions. Characterizing and quantifying these reactions is essential to assess the quality and composition of both aquifer water, and SGD. Indeed, sampling SGD is difficult, so its composition is usually uncertain. We propose a reactive end-member mixing analysis (rEMMA) methodology based on principal component analysis (PCA) to (i) identify the sources of water and possible reactions occurring in the aquifer and (ii) quantify mixing ratios and the extent of chemical reactions. We applied rEMMA to the Argentona coastal aquifer located North of Barcelona that contains fluvial sediments of granitic origin and overlies weathered granite. The identification of end members (FW and SW) and the spatial distribution of their mixing ratios illustrate the application procedure. The extent of reactions and their spatial distribution allow us to distinguish reactions that occur as a result of mixing from those caused by sediment disequilibrium, which are relevant to recirculated saltwater SGD. The most important reaction is cation exchange, especially between Ca and Na, which promotes other reactions such as Gypsum and Fluorite precipitation. Iron and Manganese are mobilized in the SW portion but oxidized and precipitated in the mixing zone, so that Fe (up to 15 μEq/L) and Mn (up to 10 μEq/L) discharge is restricted to SW SGD. Nitrate is reduced in the mixing zone. The actual reaction amounts are site-specific, but the processes are not, which leads us to conjecture the importance of these reactions to understand the SGD discharge elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tybaud Goyetche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology group (UPC-CSIC), Spain; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Linda Luquot
- Géoscience Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesus Carrera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology group (UPC-CSIC), Spain; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Folch
- Associated Unit: Hydrogeology group (UPC-CSIC), Spain; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Bhagat C, Kumar M. Muddy (silty-sand) beaches in semi-arid regions attenuate the contaminants flowing into the sea as a submarine groundwater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155111. [PMID: 35398430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized coastal areas are well-recognized hotspots for the contaminant-enriched groundwater discharge, influencing sensitive coastal ecosystems. The present study investigates how muddy beaches in the semi-arid region alter the contaminant flux flowing into the sea using submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) estimation and hydrogeochemical analysis of coastal waters (groundwater, porewater, and seawater). Fresh SGD carries contaminants such as nutrients and trace metals in the coastal ecosystem, causing increased vulnerability towards eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and human health. We found that SGD reaching the coast carries immense nutrient flux (155.6 mmol NO3- · day-1; 35 mmol P · day-1 and 12.4 mmol DSi · day-1) and trace metal load ranging from 0.1 to 14.9 mmol · day-1. The nutrient fluxes were higher in the upper saline plume compared to the lower plume. The muddy beach attenuates the nutrients in varying percentages of 9.7 to 22% of NO3-, 1.9 to 25.5% of P due to denitrification and phosphorus absorption, and also caused 19.6% reduction of SO42-. The reduction in SO42- leads to the formation of sulfide (HS-) that promotes the metal precipitation, resulting in the removal of Pb and Cu. This attenuation of nutrients leads to a change in the nutrient ratio (N/P = 7-11) approaching the Redfield ratio, implying the vulnerability of algal bloom at the Dehri beach. Overall, the muddy beach can serve as a natural biogeochemical reactor as it attenuates the nutrient and serves as a source for certain trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ni), altering the composition of SGD. Probably this is the first study that emphasizes the attenuation of trace metals in the muddy beaches of a semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Open-Source Code for Radium-Derived Ocean-Groundwater Modeling: Project Open RaDOM. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Radium has been commonly used as a tracer of submarine groundwater discharge to the ocean and embankments, as radium activities are commonly input into box models to calculate a groundwater flux. Similarly, isotopes of radium (Ra224, Ra223, Ra226, Ra228) have been used to calculate water mass ages, which have been used as a proxy for residence times. Less commonly, radium and other tracers have been utilized in mixing models to determine the relative contribution of groundwater to a marine system. In the literature, all of these methods have almost exclusively been solved using analytical methods prone to large errors and other issues. Project Open RaDOM, introduced here, is a collection of open-source R scripts that numerically solve for groundwater flux, residence time, and relative contribution of groundwater to coastal systems. Solving these models numerically allows for over-constrained systems to increase their accuracy and force real solutions. The scripts are written in a way to make them user-friendly, even to scientists unfamiliar with R. This communication includes a description of the scripts in Project Open RaDOM, a discussion of examples in the literature, and case studies of the scripts using previously published data.
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Qasim A, Singh SP, Chandrashekhar AK. Geochemical and isotope tracing of groundwater salinity in the coastal Gujarat alluvial plain, India. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104000. [PMID: 35338976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to learn the groundwater salinization mechanism in the large and well-populated coastal Gujarat alluvial plain under growing anthropogenic pressures. For this purpose, geochemical compositions and 87Sr/86Sr were analyzed in 53 groundwater samples collected in the three different seasons during 2016-2017. Additionally, surface water samples collected in each season from two nearby large rivers (Narmada and Tapi) and urban sewage discharge of Surat city were also analyzed. Excluding a few salinity hotspots (EC >8-18 mS/cm), the seasonal average of EC (~2.3-2.5 mS/cm) in groundwater shows little fluctuations negating evaporation as the major salinization process. Localized anthropogenic inputs as traced using NO3 also fail to explain the widespread groundwater salinity. A strong marine influence on the groundwater salinity is revealed by an average Cl/Br of ~655 ± 104 mol/mol in groundwater (except a few outliers) falling close to the seawater composition. The lateral seawater intrusion at shallow depths is generally not supported by the freshening of coastal groundwater samples and generally seaward movements of shallow groundwater as indicated by regional piezometric heads. However, few (Ca)-Mg-Cl type groundwaters collected from north of the Narmada River fall in the piezometric depressions and hint at seawater intrusion and/or upconing of deep saline aquifers. The Sr isotope budget in most of the alluvial groundwater samples is controlled by the seepage groundwater-seawater mixing. Exceptional 87Sr/86Sr values owing to Sr inputs from different age terrains are found in the northeastern groundwater and a few groundwater samples collected downslope of ancient deposits in the central alluvium. The upconing of salty waters having marine signatures partly altered by aquifer-water interactions primarily governs the regional groundwater salinity, which makes the study area vulnerable to continued salinization by excessive groundwater extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Qasim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Azad Kashyap Chandrashekhar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Xiao K, Tamborski J, Wang X, Feng X, Wang S, Wang Q, Lin D, Li H. A coupling methodology of the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight theory for assessing coastal water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31217-31234. [PMID: 35001278 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid economic development in coastal areas has gradually increased the risk of coastal water quality deterioration. The assessment methods of coastal water quality are multifarious, but many depend on either subjective judgment or objective calculation. We proposed a weighted sum methodology by integrating the subjective analytic hierarchy process and objective entropy theory (AHP-entropy weight methodology) to obtain an overall evaluation of coastal water quality. The mathematical models to transform the biochemical and physical parameter values and soluble substance concentrations into index scores have been formulated in comparison to the national water quality classification scheme. The application of the AHP-entropy weight methodology was demonstrated in the nearshore area of Yangjiang city, China, based on 23 seawater sampling stations in autumn 2017 and spring 2018. Datasets including biochemical and physical parameters, nutrients, and heavy metals have been converted into water quality index scores based on the proposed mathematical model. Results revealed that the overall water quality fell into the "good" class in both sampling seasons. The spatial distribution of the water quality index scores demonstrated that the relatively worse water quality occurred in estuarine and nearshore areas, signifying the negative effect of coastal anthropogenic activities. The statistical analyses like the hierarchical cluster analysis interpreted that the river input acted as a main source of pollutants in the study area. The AHP-entropy weight methodology could be a preferred way to assist decision-makers in properly evaluating the current state of coastal water quality in an unbiased, objective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Joseph Tamborski
- Department of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Xuejing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Debei Lin
- Hailing Island Nation Wetland Park of Mangrove Forest, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Liu J, Yu X, Du J. Tidally driven submarine groundwater discharge to a marine aquaculture embayment: Insights from radium and dissolved silicon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113620. [PMID: 35427817 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For understanding the significance of tidal pumping for driving submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), two time series observations were conducted over tidal cycles in typical mariculture areas of Sanmen Bay, China. Based on 224Ra and dissolved silicon (DSi), the tide-driven SGD fluxes showed significant negative correlations with tidal height, and were 16.4 ± 5.6 cm d-1 and 21.7 ± 13.9 cm d-1 at two coastal sites of the Sanmen Bay, highlighting the potential of DSi in SGD calculation when coastal waters are on short time scales. Furthermore, nutrient fluxes through tidally influenced SGD were estimated to be 11.5-26.5 mmol m-2 d-1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.06-0.34 mmol m-2 d-1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus and 11.5-32.1 mmol m-2 d-1 for DSi, which were higher than those from surface loadings, revealing that tide-driven SGD with large amounts of nutrient and high N:P ratios may significantly contribute to the development of marine aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Han D, Currell MJ. Review of drivers and threats to coastal groundwater quality in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150913. [PMID: 34653454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With rapid socio-economic development, China's coastal areas are among the fastest growing and most economically dynamic regions in the world. Under the influence of climate change and human activities, protecting the quality of coastal groundwater has emerged as one of the key environmental and resource management issues for these areas. This paper reviews (for the first time) groundwater quality data for the coastal basins of China, where over 600 million people live, focussing on key inorganic indicators/pollutants; groundwater salinity, nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic. These pollutants present major water quality issues and are also valuable as indicators of wider processes and influences impacting coastal groundwater quality - e.g. saltwater intrusion, agricultural pollution and release of geo-genic contaminants. We discuss the major drivers causing water quality problems in different regions and assess future trajectories and challenges for controlling changes in coastal groundwater quality in China. Multiple processes, including modern and palaeo seawater/brine migration, groundwater pumping for agricultural irrigation, pollution from agrochemical application, rapid development of aquaculture, urban growth, and water transfer projects, may all be responsible (to different degrees) for changes observed in coastal groundwater quality, and associated long-term health and ecological effects. We discuss implications for sustainable coastal aquifer management in China, arguing that groundwater monitoring and contamination control measures require urgent improvement. The evolution and treatment of coastal groundwater quality problems in China will serve as an important warning and example for other countries facing similar pressures, due to climate change, coastal development, and intensification of anthropogenic activity in coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wong WW, Cartwright I, Poh SC, Cook P. Sources and cycling of nitrogen revealed by stable isotopes in a highly populated large temperate coastal embayment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150408. [PMID: 34571224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of nitrogen sources and cycling processes is critical to the management of nitrogen pollution. Here, we used both stable (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NH4+) and radiogenic (222Rn) isotopes together with nitrogen concentrations to evaluate the relative importance of point (i.e. sewage) and diffuse sources (i.e. agricultural-derived NO3- from groundwater, drains and creeks) in driving nitrogen dynamic in a shallow coastal embayment, Port Phillip Bay (PPB) in Victoria, Australia. This study is an exemplar of nitrogen-limited coastal systems around the world where nitrogen contamination is prevalent and where constraining it may be challenging. In addition to surrounding land use, we found that the distributions of NO3- and NH4+ in the bay were closely linked to the presence of drift algae. Highest NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were 315 μmol L-1 and 2140 μmol L-1, respectively. Based on the isotopic signatures of NO3- (δ15N: 0.17 to 21‰; δ18O: 3 to 26‰) and NH4+ (δ15N: 30 to 39‰) in PPB, the high nitrogen concentrations were attributed to three major sources which varied between winter and summer; (1) nitrified sewage effluent and drift algae derived NH4+ mainly during winter, (2) NO3- mixture from atmospheric deposition, drains and creeks predominantly observed during summer and (3) groundwater and sewage derived NO3- during both surveys. The isotopic composition of NO3- also suggested the removal of agriculture-derived NO3- through denitrification was prevalent during transport. This study highlights the role of terrestrial-coastal interactions on nitrogen dynamics and illustrates the importance of submarine groundwater discharge as a prominent pathway of diffuse NO3- inputs. Quantifying the relative contributions of multiple NO3- input pathways, however, require more extensive efforts and is an important avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen Wong
- Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Ian Cartwright
- School of Earth, Atmopsheric and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Seng Chee Poh
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Perran Cook
- Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Berg JS, Ahmerkamp S, Pjevac P, Hausmann B, Milucka J, Kuypers MMM. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6517451. [PMID: 35094062 PMCID: PMC9075580 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is the ultimate oxidant on Earth and its respiration confers such an energetic advantage that microorganisms have evolved the capacity to scavenge O2 down to nanomolar concentrations. The respiration of O2 at extremely low levels is proving to be common to diverse microbial taxa, including organisms formerly considered strict anaerobes. Motivated by recent advances in O2 sensing and DNA/RNA sequencing technologies, we performed a systematic review of environmental metatranscriptomes revealing that microbial respiration of O2 at nanomolar concentrations is ubiquitous and drives microbial activity in seemingly anoxic aquatic habitats. These habitats were key to the early evolution of life and are projected to become more prevalent in the near future due to anthropogenic-driven environmental change. Here, we summarize our current understanding of aerobic microbial respiration under apparent anoxia, including novel processes, their underlying biochemical pathways, the involved microorganisms, and their environmental importance and evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine S Berg
- Corrresponding author: Géopolis, Quartier Unil-Mouline, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - Soeren Ahmerkamp
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen 2359, Germany
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jana Milucka
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen 2359, Germany
| | - Marcel M M Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen 2359, Germany
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50
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Muthukumar P, Selvam S, Babu DSS, Roy PD, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Elzain HE. Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Tiruchendur coast at southeast India using 222Rn as a naturally occurring tracer. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113233. [PMID: 34902766 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of natural tracers such as radon isotope mass balance has been useful in estimating the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). This study used 222Rn and evaluated the magnitude of SGD at Tiruchendur coast of southeast India in the Gulf of Mannar (Indian Ocean). Higher magnitudes of 222Rn in the porewater and seawater in comparison with the groundwater suggest simultaneous SGD with fluxes of 0.1-0.25 m3 m-2 d-1 at offshore and 0.4-0.20 m3 m-2 d-1 at the near shore. These baseline data would contribute to the management and protection of the Gulf of Mannar region in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muthukumar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; Registration No: 19212232221045, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D S Suresh Babu
- Centre for Earth Sciences Studies, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 031, India
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Y Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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