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Chen T, Liu Y, Zhang B, Wu Y, Yan F, Yan L. Electrophysiological correlation between executive vigilance and attention network based on cognitive resource control theory. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 203:112393. [PMID: 39029532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Attention is comprised of three independent and interacting attention networks: phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. Previous studies have explored event-related potentials associated with these attention networks and executive vigilance, there is a lack of research on the relationship between executive vigilance and the three attention networks. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between executive vigilance and the three attention networks. The present study aims to investigate this relationship. Based on the theory of cognitive resource control, two experimental blocks were designed with the vigilance task as the control variable. A total of 39 participants completed both ANTI and ANTI-V trials (two variants of the traditional attention network test ANT) in the same period. Through analysis of behavior measures (RT) and electrophysiological results related to phasic alertness (N1, P2, and contingent negative variation), orienting (P1, N1, and P3), and executive control (N2 and slow positive potential), we found that the reaction time of the ANTI block was lower than that of the ANTI-V block under all conditions, This suggests that adding a vigilance task may lead to reduced allocation of attention resources across all three attention networks. Furthermore, the orienting ability was weaker in the ANTI-V experimental block compared to that in the ANTI block due to effects on P1 and P3 regulation by the vigilance task. The N2 amplitude of the ANTI-V block was consistently reduced under similar conditions, indicating a weakening of executive control ability. The electrophysiological results revealed that executive vigilance inhibited the component of early attention perception related to the orienting network and was also related to the ability to detect conflict in the executive control network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Chen
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingzhao Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Wuhan Leishen Special Equipment Co. Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuwu Yan
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lirong Yan
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Baarbé J, Brown MJN, Saha U, Tran S, Weissbach A, Saravanamuttu J, Cheyne D, Hutchison WD, Chen R. Cortical modulations before lower limb motor blocks are associated with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: an EEG source localization study. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106557. [PMID: 38852752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by paroxysmal episodes in which patients are unable to step forward. A research priority is identifying cortical changes before freezing in PD-FOG. METHODS We tested 19 patients with PD who had been assessed for FOG (n=14 with FOG and 5 without FOG). While seated, patients stepped bilaterally on pedals to progress forward through a virtual hallway while 64-channel EEG was recorded. We assessed cortical activities before and during lower limb motor blocks (LLMB), defined as a break in rhythmic pedaling, and stops, defined as movement cessation following an auditory stop cue. This task was selected because LLMB correlates with FOG severity in PD and allows recording of high-quality EEG. Patients were tested after overnight withdrawal from dopaminergic medications ("off" state) and in the "on" medications state. EEG source activities were evaluated using individual MRI and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Functional connectivity was evaluated by phase lag index between seeds and pre-defined cortical regions of interest. RESULTS EEG source activities for LLMB vs. cued stops localized to right posterior parietal area (Brodmann area 39), lateral premotor area (Brodmann area 6), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47). In these areas, PD-FOG (n=14) increased alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) before LLMB vs. typical stepping, whereas PD without FOG (n=5) decreased alpha power. Alpha rhythms were linearly correlated with LLMB severity, and the relationship became an inverted U-shape when assessing alpha rhythms as a function of percent time in LLMB in the "off" medication state. Right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area connectivity was observed before LLMB in the beta band (13-30 Hz). This same pattern of connectivity was seen before stops. Dopaminergic medication improved FOG and led to less alpha synchronization and increased functional connections between frontal and parietal areas. CONCLUSIONS Right inferior parietofrontal structures are implicated in PD-FOG. The predominant changes were in the alpha rhythm, which increased before LLMB and with LLMB severity. Similar connectivity was observed for LLMB and stops between the right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area, suggesting that FOG may be a form of "unintended stopping." These findings may inform approaches to neurorehabilitation of PD-FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Baarbé
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Matt J N Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Utpal Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - James Saravanamuttu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William D Hutchison
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zivony A, Eimer M. A dissociation between the effects of expectations and attention in selective visual processing. Cognition 2024; 250:105864. [PMID: 38906015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
It is often claimed that probabilistic expectations affect visual perception directly, without mediation by selective attention. However, these claims have been disputed, as effects of expectation and attention are notoriously hard to dissociate experimentally. In this study, we used a new approach to separate expectations from attention. In four experiments (N = 60), participants searched for a target in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream and had to identify a digit or a letter defined by a low-level cue (colour or shape). Expectations about the target's alphanumeric category were probabilistically manipulated. Since category membership is a high-level feature and since the target was embedded among many distractors that shared its category, targets from the expected category should not attract attention more than targets from the unexpected category. In the first experiment, these targets were more likely to be identified relative to targets from the unexpected category. Importantly, in the following experiments, we also included behavioural and electrophysiological indices of attentional guidance and engagement. This allowed us to examine whether expectations also modulated these or earlier attentional processes. Results showed that category-based expectations had no modulatory effects on attention, and only affected processing at later encoding-related stages. Alternative interpretation of expectation effects in terms of repetition priming or response bias were also ruled out. These observations provide new evidence for direct attention-independent expectation effects on perception. We suggest that expectations can adjust the threshold required for encoding expectations-congruent information, thereby affecting the speed with which target objects are encoded in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Zivony
- Department of Psychology, University of Shefeld, Portobello, Shefeld S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Eimer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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Aranberri Ruiz A, Nevado B, Migueles Seco M, Aritzeta Galán A. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Intervention Programme to Improve Attention in Primary Schools. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-024-09659-w. [PMID: 39179947 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The importance of attentional capacity for academic performance is highlighted by the increasing demands placed on students during primary school. Between the ages of 7 and 12, there is an evolutionary improvement in attentional capacity and the school environment is considered an appropriate setting in which to develop programmes to improve attention. Heart rate variability is an appropriate indicator of attentional capacity. For all these reasons, a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention focused on breathing was developed and implemented to improve attention. The intervention consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the school teachers were trained to develop the intervention; in the second, students received five individual sessions from their teachers. In each individual session, they learned to breathe to increase their heart rate variability. A total of 272 girls and 314 boys (N = 586) aged 7-12 years participated in the programme. To study the impact of the intervention on three primary school age groups, the attention of Control and Experimental groups was assessed before and after the implementation of the programme. According to the data obtained, despite developmental improvements, the students who participated in the programme showed an increase in heart rate variability and an improvement in attentional capacity, with a greater impact on the first cycle of primary school. The usefulness of heart rate variability biofeedback interventions in improving attention in primary school is discussed and arguments for their use in children are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Aranberri Ruiz
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Borja Nevado
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Malen Migueles Seco
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Aritzeta Galán
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Peng B, Huang JJ, Li Z, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Cross-modal enhancement of defensive behavior via parabigemino-collicular projections. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3616-3631.e5. [PMID: 39019036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Effective detection and avoidance from environmental threats are crucial for animals' survival. Integration of sensory cues associated with threats across different modalities can significantly enhance animals' detection and behavioral responses. However, the neural circuit-level mechanisms underlying the modulation of defensive behavior or fear response under simultaneous multimodal sensory inputs remain poorly understood. Here, we report in mice that bimodal looming stimuli combining coherent visual and auditory signals elicit more robust defensive/fear reactions than unimodal stimuli. These include intensified escape and prolonged hiding, suggesting a heightened defensive/fear state. These various responses depend on the activity of the superior colliculus (SC), while its downstream nucleus, the parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), predominantly influences the duration of hiding behavior. PBG temporally integrates visual and auditory signals and enhances the salience of threat signals by amplifying SC sensory responses through its feedback projection to the visual layer of the SC. Our results suggest an evolutionarily conserved pathway in defense circuits for multisensory integration and cross-modality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Stamatis CA, Heusser AC, Simon TJ, Ala'ilima T, Kollins SH. Real-time cognitive performance metrics derived from a digital therapeutic for inattention predict ADHD-related clinical outcomes: Replication across three independent trials of AKL-T01. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 39128918 PMCID: PMC11317482 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AKL-T01 is a digital therapeutic (DTx) that targets attention by generating conflict at dynamically updated difficulty levels during a multitasking game. Clinical trials support AKL-T01's efficacy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there is a need to understand how in-game data can be used to monitor patient changes in cognition. We aimed to derive a real-time measure of attention from AKL-T01 gameplay data and validate it against clinical outcomes. Trials of AKL-T01 included: STARS-ADHD-Adult (NCT05183919), a 6-week trial in adults 18 and older (n = 221; M age = 39.9; 70% female); STARS-ADHD-Adolescent (NCT04897074), a 4-week trial in adolescents ages 13-17 (n = 162; M age = 14.4; 41% female); and STARS-ADHD (NCT02674633), a 4-week trial in children ages 8-12 (n = 180; M age = 9.7; 31% female). A cognitive metric was derived from targeting response speed, targeting sensitivity (d-prime), and navigation skill level. Using multiple linear regression models, we analyzed relationships between cognitive metric change and changes in the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA)-Attention Comparison Score (ACS), controlling for TOVA-ACS baseline, cognitive metric baseline, age, and sex. We explored associations with ADHD symptoms and quality of life. Increases in the cognitive metric significantly predicted increases in TOVA-ACS in the adult (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), adolescent (β = .09, p = 0.007), and pediatric (β = 0.06, p = 0.014) trials. Cognitive metric changes additionally related to self-reported quality of life in adults and clinician-rated ADHD symptoms in adolescents. Findings support the clinical validity of a real-time measure of attention derived from AKL-T01 patient-device interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Stamatis
- Akili Interactive Labs, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott H Kollins
- Akili Interactive Labs, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Posner MI. Orienting of attention and spatial cognition. Cogn Process 2024:10.1007/s10339-024-01216-x. [PMID: 39123061 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Humans orient to their sensory world through foveation of target location or through covert shifts of attention. Orienting provides primacy to the selected location and in humans improves the precision of discrimination. Covert orienting appears to arise separately from the mechanisms involved in saccadic eye movements. Covert orienting can serve to prioritize processing the target even increasing its subjective intensity and its acuity. However, this network does not appear to be involved in the operations related to binding and segmentation. Cells exist in the early visual cortex that are activated by both color and form features without attention, however, color and form appear to remain independent even when oriented to the target that is required to be reported. An understanding of the pathways that connect attention networks to memory networks may allow us to understand more complex aspects of spatial cognition and enhance orienting and thus improve spatial cognition.
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Periáñez JA, Viejo-Sobera R, Lubrini G, Álvarez-Linera J, Rodríguez Toscano E, Moreno MD, Arango C, Redolar-Ripoll D, Muñoz Marrón E, Ríos-Lago M. New functional dissociations between prefrontal and parietal cortex during task switching: A combined fMRI and TMS study. Cortex 2024; 179:91-102. [PMID: 39163787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Preparatory control in task-switching has been suggested to rely upon a set of distributed regions within a frontoparietal network, with frontal and parietal cortical areas cooperating to implement switch-specific preparation processes. Although recent causal evidence using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have generally supported this model, alternative results from both functional neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have questioned the switch-specific role of both frontal and parietal cortices. The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of prefrontal and parietal areas in preparatory cognitive control. With this purpose, an fMRI study was conducted to identify the brain areas activated during cue events in a task-switching paradigm, indicating whether to switch or to repeat among numerical tasks. Then, TMS was applied over the specific coordinates previously identified through fMRI, that is, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Results revealed that TMS over the right IFG disrupted performance in both switch and repeat trails in terms of delayed responses as compared to Sham condition. In contrast, TMS over the right IPS selectively interfered performance in switch trials. These findings support a multi-component model of executive control with the IFG being involved in more general switch-unspecific process such as the episodic retrieval of goals, and the IPS being related to the implementation of switch-specific preparation mechanisms for activating stimulus-response mappings. The results are discussed within the framework of contemporary hierarchical models of prefrontal cortex organization, suggesting that distinct prefrontal areas may carry out coordinated functions in preparatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Periáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Genny Lubrini
- Department of Basic Psychology II, UNED, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Elisa Rodríguez Toscano
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Moreno
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Brain360 Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Ríos-Lago
- Department of Basic Psychology II, UNED, Madrid, Spain; Brain Damage Service, Beata Maria Ana Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Wei X, Zhou R, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Feng X, Lü J. Network-based transcranial direct current stimulation enhances attention function in healthy young adults: a preliminary study. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1421230. [PMID: 39175659 PMCID: PMC11338793 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1421230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Attention, a complex cognitive process, is linked to the functional activities of the brain's dorsal attention network (DAN) and default network (DN). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and blinding efficacy of a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paradigm designed to increase the excitability of the DAN while inhibiting the DN (DAN+/DN-tDCS) on attention function in healthy young adults. Methods In this randomized controlled experiment, participants were assigned to either the DAN+/DN-tDCS group or the sham group. A single intervention session was conducted at a total intensity of 4 mA for 20 min. Participants completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) immediately before and after stimulation. Blinding efficacy and adverse effects were assessed post-stimulation. Results Forty participants completed the study, with 20 in each group. Paired-sample t-test showed a significant post-stimulation improvement in executive effect performance (t = 2.245; p = 0.037) in the DAN+/DN-tDCS group. The sham group did not exhibit any significant differences in ANT performance. Participants identified the stimulation type with 52.50% accuracy, indicating no difference in blinding efficacy between groups (p = 0.241). Mild-to-moderate adverse effects, such as stinging, itching, and skin reddening, were reported in the DAN+/DN-tDCS group (p < 0.05). Conclusion DAN+/DN-tDCS enhanced attention function in healthy young individuals, particularly in improving executive effect performance. This study presents novel strategies for enhancing attentional performance and encourages further investigation into the mechanisms and outcomes of these interventions across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lü
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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He C, Yuan T, Yuan L, Wang J, Lu X, Hu W, Qiang D, Cui Y, Ci C, Shang X. Selective attention function impairment in HIV-negative patients with early forms of neurosyphilis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:408. [PMID: 39113099 PMCID: PMC11304781 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attentional network test (ANT) is widely used to evaluate the performance of three attentional networks: alerting, orienting and executive attention networks. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of attention functions in HIV-negative patients with early forms of neurosyphilis (NS) and their correlation with abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty patients with early forms of NS, 31 patients with syphilis but without NS (Non-NS) and 35 healthy controls were recruited from an HIV-negative cohort between September 2020 and November 2022. The participants were evaluated with the ANT and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Brain MRI was performed in NS and Non-NS patients. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the MMSE scores among the three groups. However, patients with early forms of NS showed poorer performance in orienting and alerting functions than Non-NS group (F = 6.952, P = 0.011 and F = 8.794, P = 0.004, respectively); No significant difference was observed in executive function between the two groups (F = 0.001, P = 0.980). Multivariate analysis of variance using the Bonferroni post hoc test indicated that patients with NS exhibited less efficient orienting function (P = 0.023), and alerting function (P = 0.003) but not executive function (P = 0.99), compared to Non-NS patients. Additionally, a significant difference was found in orienting function between patients with NS and healthy controls (P < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. MRI scans revealed that the NS group had a higher prevalence of abnormalities in the frontal lobes and/or the temporoparietal junction compared to the Non-NS group (24/25 vs. 13/19, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The orienting and alerting functions but not executive function were significantly less efficient in early forms of NS group than in the Non-NS group (P < 0.01). This indicates deficits in selective attention in patients with early forms of NS. Brain MRI scans revealed abnormalities in the frontal and/or parietal lobes, as well as the temporoparietal junction, suggesting potential neuropathological correlates of these attentional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng He
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Qiang
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ci
- Department of Dermatology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Xianjin Shang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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Ather M, Ejaz O, Rao AZ, Mujib MD, Raees F, Qazi SA, Hasan MA. Efficacy of audiovisual neurofeedback training for attention enhancement: a multimodal approach. Neuroreport 2024; 35:721-728. [PMID: 38874941 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Attention is a cognitive process that involves focusing mental resources on specific stimuli and plays a fundamental role in perception, learning, memory, and decision-making. Neurofeedback (NF) is a useful technique for improving attention, providing real-time feedback on brain activity in the form of visual or auditory cues, and allowing users to learn to self-regulate their cognitive processes. This study compares the effectiveness of different cues in NF training for attention enhancement through a multimodal approach. We conducted neurological (Quantitative Electroencephalography), neuropsychological (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale-15), and behavioral (Stroop test) assessments before and after NF training on 36 healthy participants, divided into audiovisual (G1) and visual (G2) groups. Twelve NF training sessions were conducted on alternate days, each consisting of five subsessions, with pre- and post-NF baseline electroencephalographic evaluations using power spectral density. The pre-NF baseline was used for thresholding the NF session using the beta frequency band power. Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant long-term effect of group (G1/G2) and state (before/after NF) on the behavioral and neuropsychological assessments, with G1 showing significantly higher Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale-15 scores, higher Stroop scores, and lower Stroop reaction times for interaction effects. Moreover, unpaired t -tests to compare voxel-wise standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography images revealed higher activity of G1 in Brodmann area 40 due to NF training. Neurological assessments show that G1 had better improvement in immediate, short-, and long-term attention. The findings of this study offer a guide for the development of NF training protocols aimed at enhancing attention effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ather
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, NED University of Engineering & Technology
| | - Osama Ejaz
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, NED University of Engineering & Technology
| | - Ahmad Zahid Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology
| | | | - Faryal Raees
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, NED University of Engineering & Technology
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital
| | - Saad Ahmed Qazi
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, NED University of Engineering & Technology
- Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, NED University of Engineering & Technology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology
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12
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Diez-Cirarda M, Yus-Fuertes M, Polidura C, Gil-Martinez L, Delgado-Alonso C, Delgado-Álvarez A, Gomez-Ruiz N, Gil-Moreno MJ, Jorquera M, Oliver-Mas S, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, Arrazola J, Matias-Guiu JA. Neural basis of fatigue in post-COVID syndrome and relationships with cognitive complaints and cognition. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116113. [PMID: 39146616 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The main objective was to evaluate structural and functional connectivity correlates of fatigue in post-COVID syndrome, and to investigate the relationships with an objective measure of mental fatigue and with subjective cognitive complaints. One-hundred and twenty-nine patients were recruited after 14.79 ± 7.17 months. Patients were evaluated with fatigue, neuropsychological, and subjective cognitive complaints assessments. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired, and functional connectivity, white matter diffusivity and grey matter volume were evaluated. Fatigue was present in 86 % of patients, and was highly correlated to subjective cognitive complaints. Fatigue was associated with structural and functional connectivity mostly in frontal areas but also temporal, and cerebellar areas, showing mental fatigue different pattern of functional connectivity correlates compared to physical fatigue. White matter diffusivity correlates were similar in fatigue and subjective cognitive complaints, located in the forceps minor, anterior corona radiata and anterior cingulum. Findings confirm that fatigue in post-COVID syndrome is related to cerebral connectivity patterns, evidencing its brain substrates. Moreover, results highlight the relationship between fatigue and subjective cognitive complaints. These findings point out the relevance of the multidisciplinary assessment of post-COVID syndrome patients with subjective cognitive complaints, in order to unravel the symptomatology beneath the patient's complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diez-Cirarda
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Yus-Fuertes
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Polidura
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Gil-Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natividad Gomez-Ruiz
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Gil-Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Jorquera
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Oliver-Mas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Arrazola
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, "San Carlos" Health Research Institute (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Soule AC, Fish TJ, Thomas KGF, Schrieff-Brown L. Attention Training after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)01137-7. [PMID: 39098578 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and efficacy of attentional training as a form of neuropsychological rehabilitation to ameliorate attention deficits in adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. DATA SOURCES Articles published in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between January 17, and February 27, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers blindly assessed studies for eligibility according to the following criteria: any article evaluating the efficacy of any type of behavioral intervention that targeted attention (by means of cognitive rehabilitative, psychoeducational, or neuropsychological strategies, at either an individual or group level) in adults who had sustained a formally documented moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. DATA EXTRACTION Methodological quality of each article was blindly assessed by 2 reviewers. Data were extracted from each study, including study type, sample size, sample characteristics, summary of intervention, measures used to assess attention, statistical outcomes and results, effect size, conclusion, and limitations. DATA SYNTHESIS 7314 articles were retrieved from databases, 4325 articles remained after duplicate removal, and finally 21 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Articles represented varied methodological quality in group or single subject design. Irrespective of the heterogeneity regarding intervention types and attentional outcome measures used across the studies, overall findings suggest that attentional gains can be made in this sample, irrespective of time since injury, age, and injury severity. Further, a growing interest in technology-based interventions is frequently used and holds promise to bettering rehabilitation efforts. However, there is still limited evidence supporting the ecological validity of attentional training interventions (eg, the transfer of treatment effects to daily activities). CONCLUSIONS This article plays a crucial role in informing ongoing rehabilitation practices, guiding clinicians with evidence-based strategies and shaping future research directions for more effective attentional training guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Soule
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Taryn J Fish
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Schrieff-Brown
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Cavicchioli M, Santoni A, Chiappetta F, Deodato M, Di Dona G, Scalabrini A, Galli F, Ronconi L. Psychological dissociation and temporal integration/segregation across the senses: An experimental study. Conscious Cogn 2024; 124:103731. [PMID: 39096823 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
There are no studies that have experimentally tested how temporal integration/segregation of sensory inputs might be linked to the emergence of dissociative experiences and alterations of emotional functioning. Thirty-six participants completed 3 sensory integration tasks. Psychometric thresholds were estimated as indexes of temporal integration/segregation processes. We collected self-report measures of pre-task trait levels of dissociation, as well as pre- post-task changes in both dissociation and emotionality. An independent sample of 21 subjects completed a control experiment administering the Attention Network Test. Results showed: (i) a significant increase of dissociative experiences after the completion of sensory integration tasks, but not after the ANT task; (ii) that subjective thresholds predicted the emergence of dissociative states; (iii) temporal integration efforts affected positive emotionality, which was explained by the extent of task-dependent dissociative states. The present findings reveal that dissociation could be understood in terms of an imbalance between "hyper-segregation" and "hyper-integration" processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessia Santoni
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Deodato
- Psychology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Giuseppe Di Dona
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Mental Health, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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15
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Hu YX, Shi JY, Xia GY, Liu LF, Li PF, Shan Q, Wang YM. Analysis of functional connectivity changes in attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:1731-1742. [PMID: 38772968 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Insomnia Disorder (ID) are prevalent psychiatric conditions often occurring concurrently, leading to substantial impairment in daily functioning. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders and their comorbidity is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aims to analyze changes in functional connectivity within attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia. METHODS The functional connectivity alterations in individuals with MDD, ID, comorbid MDD and insomnia (iMDD), and healthy controls (HC) were assessed from a cohort of 174 participants. They underwent rs-fMRI scans, demographic assessments, and scale evaluations for depression and sleep quality. Functional connectivity analysis was conducted using region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain methods. RESULTS The MDD and iMDD groups exhibited higher Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.001). Both ID and MDD groups displayed enhanced connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex compared to HC (P < 0.05), while the iMDD group showed reduced connectivity compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.05). In the left insula, reduced connectivity with the right medial superior frontal gyrus was observed across patient groups compared to HC (P < 0.05), with the iMDD group showing increased connectivity compared to MDD (P < 0.05). Moreover, alterations in functional connectivity between the left thalamus and left temporal pole were found in iMDD compared to HC and MDD (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed associations between abnormal connectivity and symptom severity in MDD and ID groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of altered functional connectivity in individuals with MDD, ID, and iMDD compared to healthy controls. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and insomnia, which could be used as a reference for the diagnosis and treatments of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xue Hu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xia
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Pei-Fan Li
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Shan
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Psychology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
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16
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Adachi K, Takizawa R. Effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention on brain haemodynamics: a pilot randomized controlled trial using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae321. [PMID: 39147390 PMCID: PMC11326825 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many neuroimaging studies have evaluated changes in the prefrontal cortex during mindfulness-based interventions, most of these studies were cross-sectional studies of skilled participants or involved pre-post comparisons before and after a single session. While functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool to capture changes in the hemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex during continuous mindfulness-based intervention, its ability to detect the accumulated effects of continuous mindfulness-based intervention is currently unclear. We investigated whether a 12-wk online mindfulness-based intervention changed the hemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task. Eighty-two healthy university students were randomly allocated to a 12-wk online mindfulness-based intervention group or a wait-list control group. The integral values of oxygenated hemoglobin measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy before and after the intervention were compared to the values in the wait-list group. The intervention condition showed significantly greater functional near-infrared spectroscopy signal activation than the control condition; however, the effect sizes before and after the intervention were small. Thus, continuous mindfulness-based intervention could alter prefrontal cortex function, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy could be useful for measuring the accumulated effects of continuous mindfulness-based interventions. With a better understanding of the association between mindfulness and functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals, functional near-infrared spectroscopy can be used for biofeedback analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Adachi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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17
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Gholami-Mahtaj L, Mooziri M, Bamdad S, Mikaili M, Jamaati H, Raoufy MR. Neural signature of attention impairment in allergic asthma: an ERP study. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:815-825. [PMID: 36416718 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2151908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods We recruited 38 participants, equally distributed into healthy and asthma groups. Behavioral, neurophysiological, and lung function assessment tools were used in this study. Results Our behavioral data show that allergic asthma induces attention impairment. Additionally, the event-related potentials (ERP) analysis reveals that this attention deficit is associated with a disruption in cognitive processing capability in frontal brain areas. These behavioral and neurophysiological abnormalities were strongly correlated with disease severity and neuropsychiatric comorbidities of asthmatic patients. Conclusion Together, here we propose that disrupted neurophysiological responses in frontal brain areas might lead to attention impairments in patients with allergic asthma. These findings could help characterizing the neuro-pathophysiology of cognitive disorders in allergic asthma, possibly opening the way for development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami-Mahtaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mooziri
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Bamdad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mikaili
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Crasta JE, Green OJ, Gavin WJ, Davies PL. The Relationship Between Attention, Sensory Processing, and Social Responsiveness Among Adults on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2972-2986. [PMID: 37270447 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness and the relationship between these constructs among autistic and neurotypical adults. Participants included 24 autistic adults (17-30 years) and 24 neurotypical peers who completed the Test of Everyday Attention, Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Autistic individuals showed greater attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness challenges compared to neurotypical peers. Using mediation models, we showed that the relationship between attention and social responsiveness was mediated by sensory processing, specifically the low registration and sensation-seeking AASP quadrants. The relationship between attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness suggests that adults with greater attention issues may have greater sensory and social challenges. Specifically, having poor attention may lead to poor sensory processing skills which compound poor social responsiveness. Understanding the relationships between these domains is critical for developing effective interventions and support for autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Elias Crasta
- Occupational Therapy Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Olivia J Green
- Occupational Therapy Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William J Gavin
- Molecular, Cellular, Integrated Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patricia L Davies
- Molecular, Cellular, Integrated Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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19
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van Berlo E, Roth TS, Kim Y, Kret ME. Selective and prolonged attention to emotional scenes in humans and bonobos. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240433. [PMID: 39106955 PMCID: PMC11303022 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceiving emotions in others is at the foundation of higher-order social cognition. The importance of emotions is evidenced by the fact that they receive prioritized attention at early stages of processing the environment in humans and some other primates. Nevertheless, we do not fully understand how emotion modulates attention over longer durations in primates, particularly in great apes. Bonobos, one of our closest relatives, stand out in emotion processing and regulation among great apes. This makes them an interesting comparison species and a valuable model for studying the evolution of emotion perception in hominids. We investigated how bonobos and humans spontaneously attend to emotionally valent scenes in a preferential looking task using eye-tracking. With Bayesian mixed modelling, we found that bonobos and humans generally looked longer at emotional scenes, mainly of conspecifics. Moreover, while bonobos did not have a bias toward emotional human scenes, humans sustained their attention toward bonobos playing, grooming and having sex. Furthermore, when exploring an immediate bias for emotions, humans showed a bias toward affiliative human scenes, and bonobos showed a bias away from bonobos-in-distress scenes. These findings suggest that emotions modulate attention at early and later attentional stages in bonobos, similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy van Berlo
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom S. Roth
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yena Kim
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska E. Kret
- Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Liu L, Chen D, Huang F, Jia T, Cheng W, Pan M, Zhao M, Bu X, Liao X, Wang Y, Cao M, Qian Q, Feng J. Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14900. [PMID: 39145420 PMCID: PMC11325164 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes. METHODS Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations. RESULTS We detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial 'bridge'. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Akbari-Lalimi H, Shafiei SA, Momennezhad M, Zare H, Talaei A, Naseri S. The effect of considering eye movement time in evaluating the efficiency of attentional networks. Psych J 2024; 13:588-597. [PMID: 38298162 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The attention network test (ANT) is a tool for assessing the executive, alerting, and orienting components of attention. However, conflicting findings exist regarding the nature and correlation between attention networks. This study aims to investigate the influence of eye movement time on the assessment of attention network efficiency. Forty male students, with an average age of 20.8 ± 1.3 years, participated in the study. The revised attention network test was conducted concurrently with the recording of the electrooculogram signal. The electrooculogram signal was used to estimate eye placement time on target stimuli. Considering eye movement time for calculating the score of each network was proposed as a novel method. The study explored the nature of attention networks and their relationships, and revealed significant effects for attention networks with and without considering the eye movement time. Additionally, a significant correlation is observed between the alerting and orienting networks. However, no significant correlation is found between attention networks using the proposed method. Considering eye movement time alters the assessment of attention network efficiency and modifies the correlation among attention networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Akbari-Lalimi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Shafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahdi Momennezhad
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Zare
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Talaei
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Naseri
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Alavash M, Obleser J. Brain Network Interconnectivity Dynamics Explain Metacognitive Differences in Listening Behavior. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2322232024. [PMID: 38839303 PMCID: PMC11293451 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2322-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex auditory scenes pose a challenge to attentive listening, rendering listeners slower and more uncertain in their perceptual decisions. How can we explain such behaviors from the dynamics of cortical networks that pertain to the control of listening behavior? We here follow up on the hypothesis that human adaptive perception in challenging listening situations is supported by modular reconfiguration of auditory-control networks in a sample of N = 40 participants (13 males) who underwent resting-state and task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Individual titration of a spatial selective auditory attention task maintained an average accuracy of ∼70% but yielded considerable interindividual differences in listeners' response speed and reported confidence in their own perceptual decisions. Whole-brain network modularity increased from rest to task by reconfiguring auditory, cinguloopercular, and dorsal attention networks. Specifically, interconnectivity between the auditory network and cinguloopercular network decreased during the task relative to the resting state. Additionally, interconnectivity between the dorsal attention network and cinguloopercular network increased. These interconnectivity dynamics were predictive of individual differences in response confidence, the degree of which was more pronounced after incorrect judgments. Our findings uncover the behavioral relevance of functional cross talk between auditory and attentional-control networks during metacognitive assessment of one's own perception in challenging listening situations and suggest two functionally dissociable cortical networked systems that shape the considerable metacognitive differences between individuals in adaptive listening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alavash
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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23
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Feng S, Wu Z, Zheng S, Dong L, Jia H, Ning Y. Altered Functional Connectivity of the Thalamus Subregions Associated with Impaired Attention After Sleep Deprivation. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:1109-1118. [PMID: 39100908 PMCID: PMC11296373 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s472323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The thalamus plays a critical role in attentional maintenance. Previous studies have revealed the dysfunction of the thalamus in attention decline after acute sleep deprivation (SD). However, the functional connectivity (FC) between the thalamus subregions and cortical regions underlying attentional impairment after acute SD remains unclear. Here, we aimed to probe the relationship between attentional function and the altered thalamocortical FC after acute SD. Methods In this study, 25 healthy participants with regular sleep conducted an attentional network test and received a resting-state fMRI scan before and after 24 hours of SD. Then, we analyzed the FC between the thalamus and cerebrum and relationships with attentional function in the enrolled subjects. Results Our results showed that the participants showed a significantly lower alerting effect, a higher executive effect, and lower accuracy after acute SD. Compared to the rested wakefulness state, we observed decreased FCs between the "somatosensory" thalamic seed and left frontal pole, right frontal pole, left middle temporal gyrus (posterior division), and right middle temporal gyrus (posterior division). Furthermore, the reduced FC between the right middle temporal gyrus and "somatosensory" thalamic seed was negatively associated with the change in orienting effect of the participants. Conclusion Our findings reveal that the disrupted FC between thalamus subregions and cortical regions may contribute to impaired attention after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linrui Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Jellestad L, Zeffiro T, Mörgeli H, Piccirelli M, Jaillard A, Pasi P, Shepherd NR, Mueller-Pfeiffer C. Atypical attention and saccade vigor in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:361-367. [PMID: 39083994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Effective attention control is essential for behavioral adaptation to different environmental contexts. In Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) altered attention has been described in trauma-related and other emotional contexts. Nevertheless, atypical attention is also seen with neutral stimuli. The mechanisms of attention alterations in PTSD associated with neutral stimuli are poorly understood. The present study investigates alerting and orienting responses in PTSD participants using emotionally neutral stimuli in a saccade eye movement task incorporating both spatially predictable and temporally unpredictable conditions. We studied 23 PTSD patients and 27 Non-PTSD controls, using repeated-measures mixed modeling to estimate group and task condition differences in behavioral and psychophysiological measures. We explored the relationships among saccade characteristics, pupil size, and PTSD symptoms, including CAPS hypervigilance scores. PTSD, compared to Non-PTSD, participants showed differences in their saccade 'main sequence', reflected by higher peak velocities adjusted for amplitude. PTSD participants had smaller primary position errors in the unpredictable saccade condition. They also exhibited greater hyperarousal, reflected by larger pupil size during fixation that was greater in the unpredictable condition. Our results suggest that a heightened state of arousal and hypervigilance in PTSD leads to a state of atypical attention bias, even in emotionally neutral contexts. These differences may reflect higher saccade vigor. The observed differences suggest atypical attention in PTSD, which goes beyond possible distraction associated with emotional or threat-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Zeffiro
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Neurometrika, Potomac, MD, United States
| | - Hanspeter Mörgeli
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assia Jaillard
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), France; IRM 3T Recherche, IRMaGe, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), France
| | - Patrick Pasi
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Ruth Shepherd
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Collée M, Rajkumar R, Farrher E, Hagen J, Ramkiran S, Schnellbächer GJ, Khudeish N, Shah NJ, Veselinović T, Neuner I. Predicting performance in attention by measuring key metabolites in the PCC with 7T MRS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17099. [PMID: 39048626 PMCID: PMC11269673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network and is known to play an important role in attention. Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify neurometabolite concentrations, this exploratory study investigated the effect of the concentrations of myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate or aspartic acid (Asp) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) in the PCC on attention in forty-six healthy participants. Each participant underwent an MRS scan and cognitive testing, consisting of a trail-making test (TMT A/B) and a test of attentional performance. After a multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping for correction, the findings show that Myo-Ins and Asp significantly influence (p < 0.05) attentional tasks. On one hand, Myo-Ins shows it can improve the completion times of both TMT A and TMT B. On the other hand, an increase in aspartate leads to more mistakes in Go/No-go tasks and shows a trend towards enhancing reaction time in Go/No-go tasks and stability of alertness without signal. No significant (p > 0.05) influence of Glu, Gln and GABA was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Collée
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Ramkiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - G J Schnellbächer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Khudeish
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - N J Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Veselinović
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - I Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Schmidt J, da Silva Senges G, Gonçalves Fernandes Campos R, Lucieri Alonso Costa G, Eliza Moreira Boechat Y, da Cunha Barbosa Leite J, Santos Portela A, Lewandrowski KU, de Corrêa BorgesLacerda G, Schmidt G, Schmidt S. Sustained attention can be measured using a brief computerized attention task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17001. [PMID: 39043835 PMCID: PMC11266567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT) is a test that detects visuomotor reaction time (RT, alertness), variability of reaction time (VRT, sustained attention), omission errors (OE, focused attention), and commission errors (CE, response inhibition). The standard test takes 15 min, while the ultrafast version only 90 s. Besides overall task length, the two versions differ by target probability (20% and 80% in the 15-min vs. only 80% in the 90-s test) and stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) (1, 2, and 4 s in the 15-min vs. only 1 s in the 90-s test. We aimed to analyze the effect of target probability, SOA, and time length on the CVAT variables across the 15-min task and to verify correlations and agreements between the 15-min and the 90-s CVATs. 205 healthy participants performed the two CVATs on the same day. Considering the 15-min task, RT and CE were strongly affected by target probability. Conversely, VRT was not affected. When the 15-min task was compared to the 90-s task, we found no significant difference in the VRT variable. Additionally, a significant agreement between the two tasks was found for the VRT variable. We concluded that sustained attention can be measured with the 90-s CVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Schmidt
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Silva Senges
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Santos Portela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Guilherme Schmidt
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schmidt
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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27
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Rijmen J, Wiersema JR. Stochastic resonance is not required for pink noise to have beneficial effects on ADHD-related performance? The moderate brain arousal model challenged. Neuropsychologia 2024; 202:108961. [PMID: 39034029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Random noise, such as white or pink noise, has been shown to have beneficial effects on the performance of individuals with (elevated traits of) ADHD. Both the state regulation deficit (SRD) account and the moderate brain arousal (MBA) model argue that this effect is due to enhanced cognitive arousal. The MBA model specifically attributes this to random noise affecting dopaminergic (DA) transmission via stochastic resonance (SR). However, he requirement of SR and the role of DA have not yet been properly examined. To test this, proper control conditions are needed. METHOD To examine the requirement of SR, 60 neurotypical adults with varying levels of ADHD traits performed a slow two-choice reaction time (S1-S2) task in three auditory conditions: pink (random) noise, a pure 100 Hz tone (non-random noise), and silence. All participants also completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) in two conditions (pink noise and silence) to inspect the effect on executive network efficiency which may serve as a proxy measure of DA. ADHD traits were assessed via self-report. RESULTS Auditory stimulation improved performance on the S1-S2 task in participants with elevated ADHD traits, however this was the case for both pink noise and the pure tone. Pink noise did not affect executive network efficiency, irrespective of ADHD traits. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that stochastic resonance is not required for pink noise to have a beneficial effect on ADHD-related performance. Pink noise did not affect our DA proxy measure, however this negative finding should be interpreted with caution. Our results cast doubt on the tenets of the MBA model, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Rijmen
- Ghent University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Ghent University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Liu C, Elhai JD, Montag C, Yang H. Social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information: the relationship and intervention. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:508. [PMID: 39020338 PMCID: PMC11256405 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety, attentional bias to negative emotional information causes and maintains anxiety. The goal of attentional bias modification (ABM) is to reduce anxiety by reducing attention bias to negative emotional information. METHOD We used questionnaires and experiments to explore the improvement effect of ABM training on social anxiety in college students. In Study 1, we used dot-probe tasks to investigate the attentional bias to negative emotional information and the relationship with social anxiety severity in college students. In Study 2, college students with high social anxiety were divided into two groups: attentional bias modification training task group (ABM) and attention control condition task group (ACC). The ABM group received a continuous intervention for 10 days to observe changes in social anxiety levels and attentional bias scores in the pretest and posttest stages. RESULTS The results showed that the correlation of attentional bias to negative emotional information and social anxiety severity was significant. Meanwhile, the high social anxiety participants responded more quickly to negative emotional information. After the intervention, social anxiety levels and attentional bias scores of the training group were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that attentional bias modification training can reduce attentional bias to negative emotional information in college students with social anxiety and effectively improve their social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing District, No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Academy of Mechnanical Engineering, Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences, No. 2 Yashen Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Xiqing District, No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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29
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Biondi M, Marino M, Mantini D, Spironelli C. Unveiling altered connectivity between cognitive networks and cerebellum in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:47-58. [PMID: 39013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is a crucial aspect in schizophrenia (SZ), and when altered it has devastating effects on patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Several studies suggested that they could result from altered communication between the cortex and cerebellum. However, the neural correlates underlying these impairments have not been identified. In this study, we investigated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SZ patients, by considering the interactions between cortical networks supporting cognition and cerebellum. In addition, we investigated the relationship between SZ patients' rsFC and their symptoms. We used fMRI data from 74 SZ patients and 74 matched healthy controls (HC) downloaded from the publicly available database SchizConnect. We implemented a seed-based connectivity approach to identify altered functional connections between specific cortical networks and cerebellum. We considered ten commonly studied resting state networks, whose functioning encompasses specific cognitive functions, and the cerebellum, whose involvement in supporting cognition has been recently identified. We then explored the relationship between altered rsFC values and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. The SZ group showed increased connectivity values compared with HC group for cortical networks involved in attentive processes, which were also linked to PANSS items describing attention and language-related processing. We also showed decreased connectivity between cerebellar regions, and increased connectivity between them and attentive networks, suggesting the contribution of cerebellum to attentive and affective deficits. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the link between negative symptoms in SZ and altered connectivity within the cerebellum and between the same and cortical networks supporting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Spironelli
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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30
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Petro NM, Rempe MP, Schantell M, Ku V, Srinivas AN, O’Neill J, Kubat ME, Bares SH, May-Weeks PE, Wilson TW. Spontaneous cortical activity is altered in persons with HIV and related to domain-specific cognitive function. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae228. [PMID: 39035415 PMCID: PMC11258575 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst the average lifespan of persons with HIV now approximates that of the general population, these individuals are at a much higher risk of developing cognitive impairment with ∼35-70% experiencing at least subtle cognitive deficits. Previous works suggest that HIV impacts both low-level primary sensory regions and higher-level association cortices. Notably, multiple neuroHIV studies have reported elevated levels of spontaneous cortical activity during the pre-stimulus baseline period of task-based experiments, but only a few have examined such activity during resting-state conditions. In the current study, we examined such spontaneous cortical activity using magnetoencephalography in 79 persons with HIV and 83 demographically matched seronegative controls and related this neural activity to performance on neuropsychological assessments of cognitive function. Consistent with previous works, persons with HIV exhibited stronger spontaneous gamma activity, particularly in inferior parietal, prefrontal and superior temporal cortices. In addition, serostatus moderated the relationship between spontaneous beta activity and attention, motor and processing speed scores, with controls but not persons with HIV showing stronger beta activity with better performance. The current results suggest that HIV predominantly impacts spontaneous activity in association cortices, consistent with alterations in higher-order brain function, and may be attributable to deficient GABAergic signalling, given its known role in the generation of gamma and beta oscillations. Overall, these effects align with previous studies showing aberrant spontaneous activity in persons with HIV and provide a critical new linkage to domain-specific cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vivian Ku
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Advika N Srinivas
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Jennifer O’Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maureen E Kubat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sara H Bares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Bjerrum LB, Nordhus IH, Sørensen L, Wulff K, Bjorvatn B, Flo-Groeneboom E, Visted E. Acute effects of light during daytime on central aspects of attention and affect: A systematic review. Biol Psychol 2024; 192:108845. [PMID: 38981576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Light regulates both image- and various non-image forming responses in humans, including acute effects on attention and affect. To advance the understanding of light's immediate effects, this systematic review describes the acute effects of monochromatic/narrow bandwidth and polychromatic white light during daytime on distinct aspects of attention (alertness, sustained attention, working memory, attentional control and flexibility), and measures of affect (self-report measures, performance-based tests, psychophysiological measures) in healthy, adult human subjects. Original, peer-reviewed (quasi-) experimental studies published between 2000 and May 2024 were included according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed, and results were synthesized across aspects of attention and affect and grouped according to light interventions; monochromatic/narrowband-width or polychromatic white light (regular white, bright white, and white with high correlated color temperature (CCT)). Results from included studies (n = 62) showed that alertness and working memory were most affected by light. Electroencephalographic markers of alertness improved the most with exposure to narrow bandwidth long-wavelength light, regular white, and white light with high CCT. Self-reported alertness and measures of working memory improved the most with bright white light. Results from studies testing the acute effects on sustained attention and attentional control and flexibility were inconclusive. Performance-based and psychophysiological measures of affect were only influenced by narrow bandwidth long-wavelength light. Polychromatic white light exerted mixed effects on self-reported affect. Studies were strongly heterogeneous in terms of light stimuli characteristics and reporting of light stimuli and control of variables influencing light's acute effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Katharina Wulff
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Martín-Signes M, Paz-Alonso PM, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Chica AB. Integrating brain function and structure in the study of the human attentional networks: a functionnectome study. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02824-1. [PMID: 38969933 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Attention is a heterogeneous function theoretically divided into different systems. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has extensively characterized their functioning, the role of white matter in cognitive function has gained recent interest due to diffusion-weighted imaging advancements. However, most evidence relies on correlations between white matter properties and behavioral or cognitive measures. This study used a new method that combines the signal from distant voxels of fMRI images using the probability of structural connection given by high-resolution normative tractography. We analyzed three fMRI datasets with a visual perceptual task and three attentional manipulations: phasic alerting, spatial orienting, and executive attention. The phasic alerting network engaged temporal areas and their communication with frontal and parietal regions, with left hemisphere dominance. The orienting network involved bilateral fronto-parietal and midline regions communicating by association tracts and interhemispheric fibers. The executive attention network engaged a broad set of brain regions and white matter tracts connecting them, with a particular involvement of frontal areas and their connections with the rest of the brain. These results partially confirm and extend previous knowledge on the neural substrates of the attentional system, offering a more comprehensive understanding through the integration of structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Martín-Signes
- Experimental Psychology Department, and Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France.
| | - Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20009, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Ana B Chica
- Experimental Psychology Department, and Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
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Gori S, Peverelli M, Bertoni S, Ruffino M, Ronconi L, Molteni F, Priftis K, Facoetti A. The engagement of temporal attention in left spatial neglect. Cortex 2024; 178:201-212. [PMID: 39024938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Previous literature showed how left spatial neglect arises from an asymmetrical distribution of spatial attention. However, it was also suggested that left spatial neglect might be partially caused or at least worsened by non-spatial attention disorders of the right-lateralized stimulus-driven attentional fronto-parietal network. Here, we psychophysically tested the efficiency of temporal attentional engagement of foveal perception through meta-contrast (Experiment 1) and "attentional" masking (Experiment 2) tasks in patients with right-hemisphere stroke with left neglect (N+), without left neglect (N-) and matched healthy controls (C). In both experiments, N+ patients showed higher thresholds, not only than Cs, but also than N- patients. Temporal engagement was clinically impaired in all N+ patients and highly correlated with their typical inability to direct spatial attention towards stimuli on the left side. Our findings suggest that a temporal impairment of attentional engagement is a relevant deficit of left spatial neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gori
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Milena Peverelli
- "Villa Beretta" Rehabilitation Center, Costamasnaga (LC), "Valduce" Hospital (CO), Italy
| | - Sara Bertoni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy; Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, General Psychology Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Milena Ruffino
- Servizio di Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Saronno ASST Valle Olona (VA), Italy
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Molteni
- "Villa Beretta" Rehabilitation Center, Costamasnaga (LC), "Valduce" Hospital (CO), Italy
| | - Konstantinos Priftis
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Italy; General Psychology Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Facoetti
- Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, General Psychology Department, University of Padova, Italy.
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Thibault S, Wong AL, Buxbaum LJ. Cognitive neuropsychological and neuroanatomic predictors of naturalistic action performance in left hemisphere stroke: a retrospective analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601398. [PMID: 39005391 PMCID: PMC11244907 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Individuals who have experienced a left hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (LCVA) have been shown to make errors in naturalistic action tasks designed to assess the ability to perform everyday activities such as preparing a cup of coffee. Naturalistic action errors in this population are often attributed to limb apraxia, a common deficit in the representation and performance of object-related actions. However, naturalistic action impairments are also observed in right hemisphere stroke and traumatic brain injury, populations infrequently associated with apraxia, and errors across all these populations are influenced by overall severity. Based on these and other data, an alternative (though not mutually exclusive) account is that naturalistic action errors in LCVA are also a consequence of deficits in general attentional resource availability or allocation. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a large group of 51 individuals with LCVA who had completed a test of naturalistic action, along with a battery of tests assessing praxis, attention allocation and control, reasoning, and language abilities to determine which of these capacities contribute uniquely to naturalistic action impairments. Using a regularized regression method, we found that naturalistic action impairments are predicted by both praxis deficits (hand posture sequencing and gesture recognition), as well as attention allocation and control deficits (orienting and dividing attention), along with language comprehension ability and age. Using support vector regression-lesion symptom mapping (SVR-LSM), we also demonstrated that naturalistic action impairments are associated with lesions to posterior middle temporal gyrus and anterior inferior parietal lobule - regions known to be implicated in praxis; as well the middle frontal gyrus that has been implicated in both praxis and attention allocation and control. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that naturalistic action impairments in LCVA are a consequence of apraxia as well as deficits in attention allocation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thibault
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Elkins Park, PA
| | - Aaron L. Wong
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Elkins Park, PA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laurel J. Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Elkins Park, PA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Zhang W, Chen X, Wang S. The representation of noun-verb distinction in left posterior middle temporal gyrus: evidence from representation similarity analyses. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae242. [PMID: 39030743 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nouns and verbs are fundamental grammatical building blocks of languages. A key question is whether and where the noun-verb division was represented in the brain. Previous studies mainly used univariate analyses to examine this issue. However, the interpretation of activated brain regions in univariate analyses may be confounded with general cognitive processing and/or confounding variables. We addressed these limitations by using partial representation similarity analysis (RSA) of Chinese nouns and verbs with different levels of imageability. Participants were asked to complete the 1-back grammatical class probe (GCP; an explicit measure) and the 1-back word probe (WP; an implicit measure) tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. RSA results showed that the activation pattern in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LpMTG) was significantly correlated with the grammatical class representational dissimilarity matrix in the GCP task after eliminating the potential confounding variables. Moreover, the LpMTG did not overlap with the frontal-parietal regions that were activated by verbs vs. nouns or the task effect (CRP vs. WP) in univariate analyses. These results highlight the role of LpMTG in distinguishing nouns from verbs rather than general cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Avenue 55, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Zhongshan Avenue 55, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language, Xi'an International Studies University, South Wenyuan Road 6, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710128, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Avenue 55, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Zhongshan Avenue 55, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Avenue 55, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
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Qu H, Zhao S, Li Z, Wu J, Murai T, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Investigating the impact of schizophrenia traits on attention: the role of the theta band in a modified Posner cueing paradigm. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae274. [PMID: 38976973 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Joint attention is an indispensable tool for daily communication. Abnormalities in joint attention may be a key reason underlying social impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the attentional orientation mechanism related to schizotypal traits in a social situation. Here, we employed a Posner cueing paradigm with social attentional cues. Subjects needed to detect the location of a target that is cued by gaze and head orientation. The power in the theta frequency band was used to examine the attentional process in the schizophrenia spectrum. There were four main findings. First, a significant association was found between schizotypal traits and attention orientation in response to invalid gaze cues. Second, individuals with schizotypal traits exhibited significant activation of neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta band, which correlated with their schizotypal tendencies. Third, neural oscillations and synchrony demonstrated a synergistic effect during social tasks, particularly when processing gaze cues. Finally, the relationship between schizotypal traits and attention orientation was mediated by neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta frequency band. These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of theta activity in schizotypal traits on joint attention and offer new insights for future intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zimo Li
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Qi Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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37
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Lee MM, Stoodley CJ. Neural bases of reading fluency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2024; 202:108947. [PMID: 38964441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Reading fluency, the ability to read quickly and accurately, is a critical marker of successful reading and is notoriously difficult to improve in reading disabled populations. Despite its importance to functional literacy, fluency is a relatively under-studied aspect of reading, and the neural correlates of reading fluency are not well understood. Here, we review the literature of the neural correlates of reading fluency as well as rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that is robustly related to reading fluency. In a qualitative review of the neuroimaging literature, we evaluated structural and functional MRI studies of reading fluency in readers from a range of skill levels. This was followed by a quantitative activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of fMRI studies of reading speed and RAN measures. We anticipated that reading speed, relative to untimed reading and reading-related tasks, would harness ventral reading pathways that are thought to enable the fast, visual recognition of words. The qualitative review showed that speeded reading taps the entire canonical reading network. The meta-analysis indicated a stronger role of the ventral reading pathway in rapid reading and rapid naming. Both reviews identified regions outside the canonical reading network that contribute to reading fluency, such as the bilateral insula and superior parietal lobule. We suggest that fluent reading engages both domain-specific reading pathways as well as domain-general regions that support overall task performance and discuss future avenues of research to expand our understanding of the neural bases of fluent reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, USA
| | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, USA; Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA.
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Dudley J, Rosch K, Fotang J, Farah R. Localized alterations in cortical thickness and sulcal depth of the cingulo-opercular network in relation to lower reading fluency skills in children with dyslexia. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148891. [PMID: 38554796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The traditional models of reading development describe how language processing and word decoding contribute to reading comprehension and how impairments in word decoding, a defining feature of dyslexia, affect reading comprehension outcomes. However, these models do not include word and sentence reading (contextual reading) fluency, both of which engage executive functions, with notably decreased performance in children with dyslexia. In the current study, we compared cortical thickness and sulcal depth (CT/SD) in the cingulo-opercular (CO) executive functions brain network in children with dyslexia and typical readers and examined associations with word vs. contextual reading fluency. Overall, CT was lower in insular regions and higher in parietal and caudal anterior cingulate cortex regions in children with dyslexia. Children with dyslexia showed positive correlations between word reading fluency and CT/SD in insular regions, whereas no significant correlations were observed in typical readers. For sentence reading fluency, negative correlations with CT/SD were found in insular regions in children with dyslexia, while positive correlations with SD were found in insular regions in typical readers. These results demonstrate the differential relations between word and sentence reading fluency and anatomical circuitry supporting executive functions in children with dyslexia vs. typical readers. It also suggests that word and sentence reading fluency, relate to morphology of executive function-related regions in children with dyslexia, whereas in typical readers, only sentence reading fluency relates to morphology of executive function regions. The results also highlight the role of the insula within the CO network in reading fluency. Here we suggest that word and sentence reading fluency are distinct components of reading that should each be included in the Simple View of Reading traditional model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Keri Rosch
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Fotang J, Niv L, Apter A, Hutton J, Farah R. Executive functions abilities in preschool-age children are negatively related to parental EF, screen-time and positively related to home literacy environment: an EEG study. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:738-759. [PMID: 37906176 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2272339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these factors on behavioral and neurobiological measures of EF in 4-year-old children. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while children performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), showing a smaller difference between incongruent and congruent conditions is related to better EF abilities. Data were analyzed using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique focusing on the N200 and P300 components (reflecting executive control and orienting attention, respectively). N200 and P300 differences (delta) between amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent and congruent conditions were computed and correlated with child EF skills, HLE, screen exposure, and parental EF. Screen exposure was associated with lower EF in children and their parents. Additionally, smaller differences between N200 amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent vs. congruent conditions were associated with higher HLE scores. In contrast, greater differences between P300 amplitudes and latencies were related to longer screen time. HLE was positively associated with EF's neurobiological (EEG) and behavioral measures, and screen time was negatively associated with these measures. This study also highlights the important relationship between parental EF (i.e., family predisposition) and EF's neurobiological and behavioral measures in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Fotang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lior Niv
- Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan Apter
- Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - John Hutton
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Lou S, Hu S, Chen Y, Zhao K, Zhou Y, Hou J, Liang L, Sun H. Benefits of napping habits in healthy adults: Maintaining alerting performance and cortisol levels change within 90 min of habitual napping time. Sleep Med 2024; 119:214-221. [PMID: 38703605 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Napping is garnering increased attention as a strategy for adults to sustain alertness and alleviate stress in contemporary society. The nuances of napping habits are emerging as an independent factor influencing the extent of individual benefits. This study aimed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of napping and explore the impact of napping habits on individual alertness, as well as whether this effect was correlated with cortisol levels. METHODS The study involved 80 healthy adults categorized into two groups based on self-reported napping habits: habitual nappers (n = 49) and non-habitual nappers (n = 31). Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and saliva collection were performed every 30 min within 90 min in the absence of napping during the afternoon dip. The measurements were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. RESULTS There was an interaction between groups and time in reaction speed and lapse number of PVT and cortisol (all p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis found that habitual nappers maintained higher objective alertness and experienced more significant increases in cortisol over time (all p < 0.05). The cortisol levels at sleepiness time were negatively associated with the slowest 10 % reaction speed of PVT in non-habitual nappers (r = -0.409, p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Under the premise of mitigating the impacts of acute nap deprivation on sleep homeostasis and rhythm, napping habits emerge as a potential factor influencing the ability of individuals to sustain heightened alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Lou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sifan Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kangqing Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianjun Hou
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lining Liang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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Alexander NA, Kelly CL, Wang H, Nash RA, Beebe S, Brookes MJ, Kessler K. Oscillatory Neural Correlates of Police Firearms Decision-Making in Virtual Reality. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0112-24.2024. [PMID: 38977304 PMCID: PMC11289585 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0112-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the neural signatures of expert decision-making in the context of police training in a virtual reality-based shoot/don't shoot scenario. Police officers can use stopping force against a perpetrator, which may require using a firearm and each decision made by an officer to discharge their firearm or not has substantial implications. Therefore, it is important to understand the cognitive and underlying neurophysiological processes that lead to such a decision. We used virtual reality-based simulations to elicit ecologically valid behavior from authorized firearms officers (AFOs) in the UK and matched novices in a shoot/don't shoot task and recorded electroencephalography concurrently. We found that AFOs had consistently faster response times than novices, suggesting our task was sensitive to their expertise. To investigate differences in decision-making processes under varying levels of threat and expertise, we analyzed electrophysiological signals originating from the anterior cingulate cortex. In line with similar response inhibition tasks, we found greater increases in preresponse theta power when participants inhibited the response to shoot when under no threat as compared with shooting. Most importantly, we showed that when preparing against threat, theta power increase was greater for experts than novices, suggesting that differences in performance between experts and novices are due to their greater orientation toward threat. Additionally, shorter beta rebounds suggest that experts were "ready for action" sooner. More generally, we demonstrate that the investigation of expert decision-making should incorporate naturalistic stimuli and an appropriate control group to enhance validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Alexander
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Department of Imaging Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7E, United Kingdom
| | - Clíona L Kelly
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7E, United Kingdom
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7E, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin D4, Ireland
| | - Robert A Nash
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7E, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Beebe
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QX, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Kessler
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7E, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin D4, Ireland
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42
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Nejati V, Estaji R. The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attention bias modification in children with ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:823-832. [PMID: 38643330 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggle with the interaction of attention and emotion. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are assumed to be involved in this interaction. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of stimulation applied over the dlPFC and vmPFC on attention bias in individuals with ADHD. Twenty-three children with ADHD performed the emotional Stroop and dot probe tasks during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in 3 conditions: anodal dlPFC (F3)/cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), anodal vmPFC (Fp2)/cathodal dlPFC (F3), and sham stimulation. Findings suggest reduction of attention bias in both real conditions based on emotional Stroop task and not dot probe task. These results were independent of emotional states. The dlPFC and vmPFC are involved in attention bias in ADHD. tDCS can be used for attention bias modification in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Estaji
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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Fierro Bósquez MJ, Olabarrieta-Landa L, Christ BR, Arjol D, Perrin PB, Arango-Lasprilla JC, Rivera D. Normative data for executive function tests in an Ecuadorian Waranka minority population. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38946161 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2367748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To generate normative data (ND) for executive functions tests in the Waranka minority population of Ecuador. Method: Four-hundred participants aged 6-17 completed the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Modified-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Test of Colors-Words (STROOP). Scores were normed using multiple linear regressions, including age, age2, natural logarithm of mean parent education (MPE), sex, bilingualism, and two-way interactions as predictors. Results: Age by MPE and Age2 by MPE interactions arose for SDMT, so that children with illiterate parents scored lower than those with literate parents. Girls scored higher in SDMT. All TMT and M-WCST scores were influenced by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for TMT-A, so that children with higher MPE went faster; and age by bilingualism interaction for TMT-B, so that more bilingual children needed less time. Stroop-Word and Color were influenced by age2 by MPE interaction, so that children, while older, scored higher, especially those with higher MPE. Also, age2 by sex interaction arose, so that girls increased scores curvilinearly while boys linearly. Word-Color was influenced by age, while Stroop-interference by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for MCST-Categories and Perseveration, so that perseverations decreased to then increased, especially in those with illiterate parents. M-WCST-Category scores increased to then decrease later on age in children with illiterate parents. Z-scores calculated through indigenous ND were significantly lower than generated through non-indigenous norms. Conclusions: ND for minority populations are critical since Waranka sample performed worse when using non-indigenous norms for z-score calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Fierro Bósquez
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Ser Humano, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bryan R Christ
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Arjol
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paul B Perrin
- School of Data Science and Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Diego Rivera
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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44
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Zhang J, Zhu X, Zhou H, Wang S. Behavioral and neural mechanisms of face-specific attention during goal-directed visual search. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600413. [PMID: 38979217 PMCID: PMC11230280 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Goal-directed visual attention is a fundamental cognitive process that enables animals to selectively focus on specific regions of the visual field while filtering out irrelevant information. However, given the domain specificity of social behaviors, it remains unclear whether attention to faces versus non-faces recruits different neurocognitive processes. In this study, we simultaneously recorded activity from temporal and frontal nodes of the attention network while macaques performed a goal-directed visual search task. V4 and inferotemporal (IT) visual category-selective units, selected during cue presentation, discriminated fixations on targets and distractors during the search, but were differentially engaged by face and house targets. V4 and IT category-selective units also encoded fixation transitions and search dynamics. Compared to distractors, fixations on targets reduced spike-LFP coherence within the temporal cortex. Importantly, target-induced desynchronization between the temporal and prefrontal cortices was only evident for face targets, suggesting that attention to faces differentially engaged the prefrontal cortex. We further revealed bidirectional theta influence between the temporal and prefrontal cortices using Granger causality, which was again disproportionate for faces. Finally, we showed that the search became more efficient with increasing target-induced desynchronization. Together, our results suggest domain specificity for attending to faces and an intricate interplay between visual attention and social processing neural networks.
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Zhang J, Zhou H, Wang S. Distinct visual processing networks for foveal and peripheral visual fields. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600415. [PMID: 38979165 PMCID: PMC11230199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Foveal and peripheral vision are two distinct modes of visual processing essential for navigating the world. However, it remains unclear if they engage different neural mechanisms and circuits within the visual attentional system. Here, we trained macaques to perform a free-gaze visual search task using natural face and object stimuli and recorded a large number of 14588 visually responsive neurons from a broadly distributed network of brain regions involved in visual attentional processing. Foveal and peripheral units had substantially different proportions across brain regions and exhibited systematic differences in encoding visual information and visual attention. The spike-LFP coherence of foveal units was more extensively modulated by both attention and visual selectivity, thus indicating differential engagement of the attention and visual coding network compared to peripheral units. Furthermore, we delineated the interaction and coordination between foveal and peripheral processing for spatial attention and saccade selection. Finally, the search became more efficient with increasing target-induced desynchronization, and foveal and peripheral units exhibited different correlations between neural responses and search behavior. Together, the systematic differences between foveal and peripheral processing provide valuable insights into how the brain processes and integrates visual information from different regions of the visual field. Significance Statement This study investigates the systematic differences between foveal and peripheral vision, two crucial components of visual processing essential for navigating our surroundings. By simultaneously recording from a large number of neurons in the visual attentional neural network, we revealed substantial variations in the proportion and functional characteristics of foveal and peripheral units across different brain regions. We uncovered differential modulation of functional connectivity by attention and visual selectivity, elucidated the intricate interplay between foveal and peripheral processing in spatial attention and saccade selection, and linked neural responses to search behavior. Overall, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the brain processes and integrates visual information for active visual behaviors.
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Zhang J, Cao R, Zhu X, Zhou H, Wang S. Distinct attentional profile and functional connectivity of neurons with visual feature coding in the primate brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600401. [PMID: 38979388 PMCID: PMC11230157 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Visual attention and object recognition are two critical cognitive functions that significantly influence our perception of the world. While these neural processes converge on the temporal cortex, the exact nature of their interactions remains largely unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the interplay between visual attention and object feature coding by training macaques to perform a free-gaze visual search task using natural face and object stimuli. With a large number of units recorded from multiple brain areas, we discovered that units exhibiting visual feature coding displayed a distinct attentional response profile and functional connectivity compared to units not exhibiting feature coding. Attention directed towards search targets enhanced the pattern separation of stimuli across brain areas, and this enhancement was more pronounced for units encoding visual features. Our findings suggest two stages of neural processing, with the early stage primarily focused on processing visual features and the late stage dedicated to processing attention. Importantly, feature coding in the early stage could predict the attentional effect in the late stage. Together, our results suggest an intricate interplay between visual feature and attention coding in the primate brain, which can be attributed to the differential functional connectivity and neural networks engaged in these processes.
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47
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Yan T, Su C, Xue W, Hu Y, Zhou H. Mobile phone short video use negatively impacts attention functions: an EEG study. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1383913. [PMID: 38993329 PMCID: PMC11236742 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive nature of short-form video platforms has seamlessly integrated into daily routines, yet it is important to recognize their potential adverse effects on both physical and mental health. Prior research has identified a detrimental impact of excessive short-form video consumption on attentional behavior, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unexplored. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of short-form video use on attentional functions, measured through the attention network test (ANT). A total of 48 participants, consisting of 35 females and 13 males, with a mean age of 21.8 years, were recruited. The mobile phone short video addiction tendency questionnaire (MPSVATQ) and self-control scale (SCS) were conducted to assess the short video usage behavior and self-control ability. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded during the completion of the ANT task. The correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between MPSVATQ and theta power index reflecting the executive control in the prefrontal region (r = -0.395, p = 0.007), this result was not observed by using theta power index of the resting-state EEG data. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was identified between MPSVATQ and SCS outcomes (r = -0.320, p = 0.026). These results suggest that an increased tendency toward mobile phone short video addiction could negatively impact self-control and diminish executive control within the realm of attentional functions. This study sheds light on the adverse consequences stemming from short video consumption and underscores the importance of developing interventions to mitigate short video addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weichen Xue
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cao J, Luo J, Zhou J, Jiang Y. Attention switching through text dissimilarity: a cognition research on fragmented reading behavior. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1402746. [PMID: 38983754 PMCID: PMC11231079 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1402746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
People tend to obtain information through fragmented reading. However, this behavior itself might lead to distraction and affect cognitive ability. To address it, it is necessary to understand how fragmented reading behavior influences readers' attention switching. In this study, the researchers first collected online news that had 6 theme words and 60 sentences to compose the experimental material, then defined the degree of text dissimilarity, used to measure the degree of attention switching based on the differences in text content, and conducted an EEG experiment based on P200. The results showed that even after reading the fragmented text content with the same overall content, people in subsequent cognitive tasks had more working memory capacity, lower working memory load, and less negative impact on cognitive ability with the text content with lower text dissimilarity. Additionally, attention switching caused by differences in concept or working memory representation of text content might be the key factor affecting cognitive ability in fragmented reading behavior. The findings disclosed the relation between cognitive ability and fragmented reading and attention switching, opening a new perspective on the method of text dissimilarity. This study provides some references on how to reduce the negative impact of fragmented reading on cognitive ability on new media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Luo
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunshan Jiang
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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49
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Li Z, Cai S, Wang Z, Ding X, Wang Q, Chen R. Impact of excessive daytime sleepiness on attention impairment in obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional observational study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08756-0. [PMID: 38914814 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and attention impairment in Chinese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A total of 1996 OSA patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5 events per hour were included in this study. EDS was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), while cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS OSA patients with EDS demonstrated higher body mass index (BMI), comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes, decreased N3 sleep, increased AHI and ODI, as well as lower minimum oxygen saturation. Despite no significant differences in total cognitive scores assessed by MMSE and MoCA, individuals with comorbid sleepiness exhibited more evident attention deficits in the subdomains of MoCA. Stratified analysis indicated that regardless of age, educational level was the primary factor influencing attention in the AHI < =20 group. In the AHI > 20 group, attention impairment in patients younger than 40 remained significantly associated with education level, whereas for individuals aged 40 and above, attention deficits were associated with education level, age, and daytime sleepiness. The interaction analysis indicated that OSA severity modulated the impact of sleepiness on attention in patients aged 40 and above. CONCLUSION A significant correlation was observed between EDS and attention deficits in Chinese individuals diagnosed with OSA, with a particular emphasis on patients aged 40 and above. The severity of OSA modulates the impact of sleepiness on attention in patients aged 40 and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sijie Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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50
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Hoyer RS, Tewarie PKB, Laureys S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity in cognition and consciousness: Comment on "Beyond task responsePre-stimulus activity modulates contents of consciousness" by Northoff, Zilio, and Zhang. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:63-65. [PMID: 38964240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane S Hoyer
- Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Canada
| | - Prejaas K B Tewarie
- Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Canada; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, School of Physics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Clinical Neurophysiology Group, University of Twente, Netherlands
| | - Steven Laureys
- Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Canada; GIGA Consciousness Research Unit and Coma Science Group, Liège University, Belgium; International Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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