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Ledón N, Añé-Kourí AL, Ramos MB, Lorenzo-Luaces P, Silva A, Pereira K, Lage A, Saavedra D. Immunosenescence and inflammatory markers in Cuban centenarians: implications for survival. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2839-2842. [PMID: 37821691 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians are the best example of successful aging in humans. This work aimed to understand if immune status is associated with survival in Cuban centenarians. In a previous study, our group enrolled 43 centenarians and evaluated their immune status and functional capacity. 41 out of 43 recruited centenarians received follow-up phone calls, during a period of 2 years. Absolute CD4 + T cell count was higher among survivors, while the frequency of CD8 + CCR7-CD45RA + , CD8 + CD45RA + CD28-, and CD4 + CD28- T cells was higher among non-survivors. We also found that higher frequencies of terminally differentiated T cells were related to a higher risk of death, while centenarians with higher frequencies of T cells were more likely to survive. Surprisingly, neither serum inflammatory markers nor frailty/dependency was associated with survival. Our preliminary study suggests that immuno-senescence markers, but not inflammaging or functional capacity, are associated with survival beyond 100 years in a small group of Cuban centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuris Ledón
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- School of Pharmacy, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ana Laura Añé-Kourí
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Alexa Silva
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Karla Pereira
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Agustin Lage
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Danay Saavedra
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Havana, Cuba.
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Chittimalli K, Jahan J, Sakamuri A, McAdams ZL, Ericsson AC, Jarajapu YP. Restoration of the gut barrier integrity and restructuring of the gut microbiome in aging by angiotensin-(1-7). Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:913-930. [PMID: 37254732 PMCID: PMC10881191 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Compromised barrier function of colon epithelium with aging is largely due to gut microbial dysbiosis. Recent studies implicate an important role for angiotensin converting enzymes, ACE and ACE2, angiotensins, and the receptors, AT1 receptor (AT1R) and Mas receptor (MasR), in the regulation of colon functions. The present study tested the hypothesis that leaky gut in aging is associated with an imbalance in ACE2/ACE and that the treatment with angiotenisn-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) will restore gut barrier integrity and microbiome. Studies were carried out in Young (3-4 months) and old (20-24 months) male mice. Ang-(1-7) was administered by using osmotic pumps. Outcome measures included expressions of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, and MasR, intestinal permeability by using FITC-dextran, and immunohistochemistry of claudin 1 and occludin, and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). ACE2 protein and activity were decreased in Old group while that of ACE were unchanged. Increased intestinal permeability and plasma levels of zonulin-1 in the Old group were normalized by Ang-(1-7). Epithelial disintegrity, reduced number of goblet cells and ISCs in the old group were restored by Ang-(1-7). Expression of claudin 1 and occludin in the aging colon was increased by Ang-(1-7). Infiltration of CD11b+ or F4/80+ inflammatory cells in the old colons were decreased by Ang-(1-7). Gut microbial dysbiosis in aging was evident by decreased richness and altered beta diversity that were reversed by Ang-(1-7) with increased abundance of Lactobacillus or Lachnospiraceae. The present study shows that Ang-(1-7) restores gut barrier integrity and reduces inflammation in the aging colon by restoring the layer of ISCs and by restructuring the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Jesmin Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Anil Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Missouri Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Missouri Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Yagna P.R. Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
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Salminen A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) impairs circadian regulation: impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101928. [PMID: 37031728 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks control the internal sleep-wake rhythmicity of 24hours which is synchronized by the solar cycle. Circadian regulation of metabolism evolved about 2.5 billion years ago, i.e., the rhythmicity has been conserved from cyanobacteria and Archaea through to mammals although the mechanisms utilized have developed with evolution. While the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an evolutionarily conserved defence mechanism against environmental threats, it has gained many novel functions during evolution, such as the regulation of cell cycle, proteostasis, and many immune functions. There is robust evidence that AhR signaling impairs circadian rhythmicity, e.g., by interacting with the core BMAL1/CLOCK complex and disturbing the epigenetic regulation of clock genes. The maintenance of circadian rhythms is impaired with aging, disturbing metabolism and many important functions in aged organisms. Interestingly, it is known that AhR signaling promotes an age-related tissue degeneration, e.g., it is able to inhibit autophagy, enhance cellular senescence, and disrupt extracellular matrix. These alterations are rather similar to those induced by a long-term impairment of circadian rhythms. However, it is not known whether AhR signaling enhances the aging process by impairing circadian homeostasis. I will examine the experimental evidence indicating that AhR signaling is able to promote the age-related degeneration via a disruption of circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Abstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
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Capri M, Conte M, Ciurca E, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Santoro A, Longo F, Salvioli S, Lau P, Moeller R, Jordan J, Illig T, Villanueva MM, Gruber M, Bürkle A, Franceschi C, Rittweger J. Long-term human spaceflight and inflammaging: Does it promote aging? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101909. [PMID: 36918115 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight and its associated stressors, such as microgravity, radiation exposure, confinement, circadian derailment and disruptive workloads represent an unprecedented type of exposome that is entirely novel from an evolutionary stand point. Within this perspective, we aimed to review the effects of prolonged spaceflight on immune-neuroendocrine systems, brain and brain-gut axis, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal apparatus, highlighting in particular the similarities with an accelerated aging process. In particular, spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy/sarcopenia and bone loss, vascular and metabolic changes, hyper and hypo reaction of innate and adaptive immune system appear to be modifications shared with the aging process. Most of these modifications are mediated by molecular events that include oxidative and mitochondrial stress, autophagy, DNA damage repair and telomere length alteration, among others, which directly or indirectly converge on the activation of an inflammatory response. According to the inflammaging theory of aging, such an inflammatory response could be a driver of an acceleration of the normal, physiological rate of aging and it is likely that all the systemic modifications in turn lead to an increase of inflammaging in a sort of vicious cycle. The most updated countermeasures to fight these modifications will be also discussed in the light of their possible application not only for astronauts' benefit, but also for older adults on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erika Ciurca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Longo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Lau
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria-Moreno Villanueva
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Gruber
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, the Russian Federation
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Añé-Kourí AL, Ledón N, Ramos MB, González A, Pereira K, Rodríguez M, Vidal A, Rodríguez Y, Bicet YDLC, Llanez-Gregorich E, Lorenzo-Luaces P, Suárez GM, Silva A, Crombet T, Saavedra D, Lage A. Association among Terminally Differentiated T Cells, Frailty, and Dependency in a Group of Cuban Centenarians. Gerontology 2023; 69:239-248. [PMID: 35728563 DOI: 10.1159/000525062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centenarians are considered a model of successful aging. Cuba exhibits one of the oldest populations in Latin America with more than two thousand centenarians. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the immune phenotype of forty-three Cuban centenarians, their clinical characteristics such as comorbidities, frailty, body mass index, and some hemochemical parameters. RESULTS Centenarians had normal body mass indexes, relatively good health status, and 21.95% of them had no comorbidities; 53.6% were classified as frail, and 7% were classified as robust. In addition, 17% of centenarians were independent, and 41.46% were moderately dependent. The seroprevalence against cytomegalovirus was 100%. Concerning pro-inflammatory markers, the majority of them had very low cytokine levels and serum C-reactive protein around the normal limit. We also found the predominance of memory subsets over naive compartments in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Terminally differentiated CD8+CD28- T cells were higher in frail centenarians than in pre-frail, while CD8+CD57+ and CD8+EMRA T cells were higher in moderately and severely dependent individuals than in independent individuals. Severely dependent centenarians had a lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time the predominance of memory subsets over naive compartments in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as its relation to frailty and/or dependency in a group of Cuban centenarians. Further studies are needed to continue understanding the natural biological aging mechanism and the relationship between terminally differentiated lymphocytes and inflammaging in the context of extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuris Ledón
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Amnely González
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Karla Pereira
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marbelys Rodríguez
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital General Calixto García, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Vidal
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital General Calixto García, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yamile Rodríguez
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital General Calixto García, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexa Silva
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Crombet
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Danay Saavedra
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Agustin Lage
- Clinical Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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Gensous N, Sala C, Pirazzini C, Ravaioli F, Milazzo M, Kwiatkowska KM, Marasco E, De Fanti S, Giuliani C, Pellegrini C, Santoro A, Capri M, Salvioli S, Monti D, Castellani G, Franceschi C, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P. A Targeted Epigenetic Clock for the Prediction of Biological Age. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244044. [PMID: 36552808 PMCID: PMC9777448 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks were initially developed to track chronological age, but accumulating evidence indicates that they can also predict biological age. They are usually based on the analysis of DNA methylation by genome-wide methods, but targeted approaches, based on the assessment of a small number of CpG sites, are advisable in several settings. In this study, we developed a targeted epigenetic clock purposely optimized for the measurement of biological age. The clock includes six genomic regions mapping in ELOVL2, NHLRC1, AIM2, EDARADD, SIRT7 and TFAP2E genes, selected from a re-analysis of existing microarray data, whose DNA methylation is measured by EpiTYPER assay. In healthy subjects (n = 278), epigenetic age calculated using the targeted clock was highly correlated with chronological age (Spearman correlation = 0.89). Most importantly, and in agreement with previous results from genome-wide clocks, epigenetic age was significantly higher and lower than expected in models of increased (persons with Down syndrome, n = 62) and decreased (centenarians, n = 106; centenarians' offspring, n = 143; nutritional intervention in elderly, n = 233) biological age, respectively. These results support the potential of our targeted epigenetic clock as a new marker of biological age and open its evaluation in large cohorts to further promote the assessment of biological age in healthcare practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gensous
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Saint-André), 33077 Bordeaux, France
- UMR/CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Milazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elena Marasco
- Personal Genomics S.R.L., Via Roveggia, 43/B, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Pellegrini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center, “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center, “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center, “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6225977
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center, “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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Mc Auley MT. Dietary restriction and ageing: Recent evolutionary perspectives. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111741. [PMID: 36167215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) represents one of the most robust interventions for extending lifespan. It is not known how DR increases lifespan. The prevailing evolutionary hypothesis suggests the DR response redirects metabolic resources towards somatic maintenance at the expense of investment in reproduction. Consequently, DR acts as a proximate mechanism which promotes a pro-longevity phenotype. This idea is known as resource reallocation. However, growing findings suggest this paradigm could be incomplete. It has been argued that during DR it is not always possible to identify a trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. It is also suggested the relationship between reproduction and somatic maintenance can be uncoupled by the removal or inclusion of specific nutrients. These findings have created an imperative to re-explore the nexus between DR and evolutionary theory. In this review I will address this evolutionary conundrum. My overarching objectives are fourfold: (1) to outline some of the evidence for and against resource reallocation; (2) to examine recent findings which have necessitated a theoretical re-evaluation of the link between life history theory and DR; (3) to present alternatives to the resource reallocation model; (4) to present emerging variables which potentially influence how DR effects evolutionary trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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Oxidative stress, aging, antioxidant supplementation and their impact on human health: An overview. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111707. [PMID: 35839856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important mechanisms of cellular senescence and increased frailty, resulting in several age-linked, noncommunicable diseases. Contributing events include genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic mechanisms, reduced proteome homeostasis, altered stem-cell function, defective intercellular communication, progressive deregulation of nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic unbalance. These complex events and their interplay can be modulated by dietary habits and the ageing process, acting as potential measures of primary and secondary prevention. Promising nutritional approaches include the Mediterranean diet, the intake of dietary antioxidants, and the restriction of caloric intake. A comprehensive understanding of the ageing processes should promote new biomarkers of risk or diagnosis, but also beneficial treatments oriented to increase lifespan.
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Di Giosia P, Stamerra CA, Giorgini P, Jamialahamdi T, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. The role of nutrition in inflammaging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101596. [PMID: 35219904 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old age is characterized by a peculiar low-grade, chronic, and "sterile" inflammatory state, which has been termed "inflammaging." This is believed to substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases and to the progression of the ageing process. An adequate nutritional status is of great importance for maintaining proper immune system functionality and preventing frailty in the elderly. METHODS The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize what is known about the interaction between inflammaging and nutrition, focusing on the role of the Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and calorie restriction (CR) in reducing systemic inflammation and improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary components may affect inflammation directly, counteracting the low grade age-related inflammation. In this regard, healthy diets, including the Mediterranean diet, are associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory mediators, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), that are hallmarks of inflammaging. Among the components of a healthy diet, a higher intake of whole grains, vegetables and fruits, nuts and fish are all associated with lower inflammation. One area of promising research is the microbiome-ageing interaction. Indeed, dysbiosis plays a role in sub-optimal metabolism, immune function and brain function and contributes to the poor health and impaired well-being associated with ageing. Modulation of the gut microbiota has shown promising results in some disorders. Additionally, the discovery of several molecular pathways associated with ageing, and the characterization of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) in modulating metabolic pathways and preventing inflammation, should encourage research on CR mimetics, drugs able to promote lifespan and extend healthspan.
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Zhuravlev AD, Orekhov NA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Role of the mtDNA Mutations and Mitophagy in Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031323. [PMID: 35163247 PMCID: PMC8836173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an unavoidable multi-factorial process, characterised by a gradual decrease in physiological functionality and increasing vulnerability of the organism to environmental factors and pathogens, ending, eventually, in death. One of the most elaborated ageing theories implies a direct connection between ROS-mediated mtDNA damage and mutations. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondria generated ROS, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal ageing and pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Also, a chronic form of inflammation, which could change the long-term status of the immune system in an age-dependent way, is discussed. Finally, the role of inflammaging in the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Zhuravlev
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Nikolay A. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
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13
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Bacalini MG, Palombo F, Garagnani P, Giuliani C, Fiorini C, Caporali L, Stanzani Maserati M, Capellari S, Romagnoli M, De Fanti S, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Arcaro M, Bonanni E, Siciliano G, Maestri M, Guarnieri B, Martucci M, Monti D, Carelli V, Franceschi C, La Morgia C, Santoro A. Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population. GeroScience 2021; 44:881-896. [PMID: 34921659 PMCID: PMC9135916 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant “zeitgeber” able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Laboratorio Brain Aging, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Guarnieri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Villa Serena Hospital and Villaserena Foundation for the Research, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Ren M, Li H, Fu Z, Li Q. Succession Analysis of Gut Microbiota Structure of Participants from Long-Lived Families in Hechi, Guangxi, China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122524. [PMID: 34946126 PMCID: PMC8703768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota structure has been proposed to be involved in longevity. In this study, trajectories of age-related changes in gut microbiota were analyzed by comparing the gut microbiota composition from long-lived families. A specific bacterial community pattern and signature taxa of long-lived people were found in long-lived families, such as the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in all age groups and the higher abundances of Christensenellaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, and Odoribacteraceae in long-lived elderly and the positive correlation between them. The cumulative abundance of the core microbiota was approximately stable along with age, but the genera and species in the core microbiota were rearranged with age, especially in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Compared with the control group, the proportions of Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in participants from the long-lived village, but their abundances gradually decreased along with age. Based on functional predictions, the proportions of pathways related to short-chain fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipoic acid metabolism were significantly higher in the long-lived elderly compared with the offspring group. The trajectory of gut microbiota composition along with age in participants from long-lived families might reveal potential health-promoting metabolic characteristics, which could play an important role in healthy aging.
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15
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Gialluisi A, Santoro A, Tirozzi A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Franceschi C, Iacoviello L. Epidemiological and genetic overlap among biological aging clocks: New challenges in biogerontology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101502. [PMID: 34700008 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimators of biological age (BA) - defined as the hypothetical underlying age of an organism - have attracted more and more attention in the last years, especially after the advent of new algorithms based on machine learning and genetic markers. While different aging clocks reportedly predict mortality in the general population, very little is known on their overlap. Here we review the evidence reported so far to support the existence of a partial overlap among different BA acceleration estimators, both from an epidemiological and a genetic perspective. On the epidemiological side, we review evidence supporting shared and independent influence on mortality risk of different aging clocks - including telomere length, brain, blood and epigenetic aging - and provide an overview of how an important exposure like diet may affect the different aging systems. On the genetic side, we apply linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses to support the existence of partly shared genomic overlap among these aging clocks. Through multivariate analysis of published genetic associations with these clocks, we also identified the most associated variants, genes, and pathways, which may affect common mechanisms underlying biological aging of different systems within the body. Based on our analyses, the most implicated pathways were involved in inflammation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting them as potential molecular targets for future anti-aging interventions. Overall, this review is meant as a contribution to the knowledge on the overlap of aging clocks, trying to clarify their shared biological basis and epidemiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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16
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Santoro A, Bientinesi E, Monti D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101422. [PMID: 34391943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays a critical role in most chronic diseases in older people. For a long time, immunosenescence has been considered detrimental because it may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation we proposed to call "inflammaging" and a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations. Recently, many scientists revised this negative meaning because it can be considered an essential adaptation/remodeling resulting from the lifelong immunological biography of single individuals from an evolutionary perspective. Inflammaging can be considered an adaptive process because it can trigger an anti-inflammatory response to counteract the age-related pro-inflammatory environment. Centenarians represent a valuable model to study the beneficial changes occurring in the IS with age. These extraordinary individuals reached the extreme limits of human life by slowing down the aging process and, in most cases, delaying, avoiding or surviving the major age-associated diseases. They indeed show a complex and heterogeneous phenotype determined by an improved ability to adapt and remodel in response to harmful stimuli. This review aims to point out the intimate relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and how these processes impact unsuccessful aging rather than longevity. We also describe the gut microbiota age-related changes as one of the significant triggers of inflammaging and the sex/gender differences in the immune system of the elderly, contributing to the sex/gender disparity in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and severity of age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss how these phenomena could influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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17
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Ertuglu LA, Afsar B, Yildiz AB, Demiray A, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Substitution of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Other Beverages: Can It Be the Next Step Towards Healthy Aging? Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:399-412. [PMID: 34595722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the prolongation of life expectancy, the gap between lifespan and "health span," the disease-free lifespan, has been widening due to the massive burden of age-related chronic diseases and research on healthy aging has been gaining momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that diet is a strong determinant of healthy aging and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), a major source of added sugars, predicts poor health outcomes in the aging population, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Evidence further supports a link between sugar-sweetened beverages-triggered pathological processes and biologic factors of aging, including inflammaging, oxidative stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota. At present, substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with healthier alternative beverage remains the most robust strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on health worldwide and may help achieve healthy longevity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverages consumption may impact the physiological aging process and how a simple intervention of beverage replacement may promote healthy aging. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings indicate that SSB are associated with accelerated aging phenotype and activate various adverse biological processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis. Replacing SSB with healthier beverages may be a reasonable option to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and even prolong life and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Franceschi C. Aging, Inflammaging and Adaptation: Comment on "Dynamic and thermodynamic models of adaptation" by A.N. Gorban et al. Phys Life Rev 2021; 38:107-110. [PMID: 34334323 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Mathematics of Future Technologies Center, Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
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19
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The complex relationship between Immunosenescence and Inflammaging: Special issue on the New Biomedical Perspectives. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 42:517-520. [PMID: 33188465 PMCID: PMC7665088 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Xiao Q, Qian J, Evans DS, Redline S, Lane NE, Ancoli-Israel S, Scheer FAJL, Stone K. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms with Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:55-65. [PMID: 33822930 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest-activity rhythm characteristics using multi-day actigraphy, and examined their associations with six inflammatory markers (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-α-sRII, IL-1 β, IFN-γ) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest-activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest-activity rhythms and changes in in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow up. We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these three rest-activity characteristics was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (i.e. having three or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest-activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest-activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Yu X, Wang W. A Rapidly Aging World in the 21st Century: Hopes from Glycomics and Unraveling the Biomarkers of Aging with the Sugar Code. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:242-248. [PMID: 33794663 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A global rise in life expectancy comes with an increased burden of serious life-long health issues and the need for useful real-time measures of the aging processes. Studies have shown the value of biochemical signatures of immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation as clinically relevant biomarkers to differentiate healthy from accelerated aging. Most human biological processes rely on glycosylation of proteins to regulate their function, but these events appear sensitive to environmental changes, age, and the presence of disease. Specifically, variations in N-glycosylation of IgG can adversely affect inflammatory pathways underpinning unhealthy aging and chronic disease pathogenesis. This expert review highlights the discrepancies between an organism's age in years of life (chronological age) versus age in terms of health status (biological age). The article examines and synthesizes the studies on IgG N-glycan profiles and the third alphabet of life, the sugar code, in relation to their relevance as dynamic indicators of aging, and to differentiate between normal and accelerated aging. The levels of N-glycan structures change with aging, suggesting that monitoring the alterations of serum glycan biosignatures with glycomics might allow real-time studies of human aging in the near future. Glycomics brings in yet another systems science technology platform to strengthen the emerging multiomics studies of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Department of Infection Control, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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22
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Elyahu Y, Monsonego A. Thymus involution sets the clock of the aging T-cell landscape: Implications for declined immunity and tissue repair. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101231. [PMID: 33248315 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is generally characterized as a gradual increase in tissue damage, which is associated with senescence and chronic systemic inflammation and is evident in a variety of age-related diseases. The extent to which such tissue damage is a result of a gradual decline in immune regulation, which consequently compromises the capacity of the body to repair damages, has not been fully explored. Whereas CD4 T lymphocytes play a critical role in the orchestration of immunity, thymus involution initiates gradual changes in the CD4 T-cell landscape, which may significantly compromise tissue repair. In this review, we describe the lifespan accumulation of specific dysregulated CD4 T-cell subsets and their coevolution with systemic inflammation in the process of declined immunity and tissue repair capacity with age. Then, we discuss the process of thymus involution-which appears to be most pronounced around puberty-as a possible driver of the aging T-cell landscape. Finally, we identify individualized T cell-based early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezqel Elyahu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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23
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Giuliani C, Franceschi C, Luiselli D, Garagnani P, Ulijaszek S. Ecological Sensing Through Taste and Chemosensation Mediates Inflammation: A Biological Anthropological Approach. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1671-1685. [PMID: 32647890 PMCID: PMC7666896 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological sensing and inflammation have evolved to ensure optima between organism survival and reproductive success in different and changing environments. At the molecular level, ecological sensing consists of many types of receptors located in different tissues that orchestrate integrated responses (immune, neuroendocrine systems) to external and internal stimuli. This review describes emerging data on taste and chemosensory receptors, proposing them as broad ecological sensors and providing evidence that taste perception is shaped not only according to sense epitopes from nutrients but also in response to highly diverse external and internal stimuli. We apply a biological anthropological approach to examine how ecological sensing has been shaped by these stimuli through human evolution for complex interkingdom communication between a host and pathological and symbiotic bacteria, focusing on population-specific genetic diversity. We then focus on how these sensory receptors play a major role in inflammatory processes that form the basis of many modern common metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and aging. The impacts of human niche construction and cultural evolution in shaping environments are described with emphasis on consequent biological responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Cultural Heritage (DBC), Laboratory of Ancient DNA (aDNALab), Campus of Ravenna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stanley Ulijaszek
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Gordleeva S, Kanakov O, Ivanchenko M, Zaikin A, Franceschi C. Brain aging and garbage cleaning : Modelling the role of sleep, glymphatic system, and microglia senescence in the propagation of inflammaging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:647-665. [PMID: 33034735 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex process involving many functions of our body and described by the interplay of a sleep pattern and changes in the metabolic waste concentration regulated by the microglial function and the glymphatic system. We review the existing modelling approaches to this topic and derive a novel mathematical model to describe the crosstalk between these components within the conceptual framework of inflammaging. Analysis of the model gives insight into the dynamics of garbage concentration and linked microglial senescence process resulting from a normal or disrupted sleep pattern, hence, explaining an underlying mechanism behind healthy or unhealthy brain aging. The model incorporates accumulation and elimination of garbage, induction of glial activation by garbage, and glial senescence by over-activation, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory molecules by their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Assuming that insufficient sleep leads to the increase of garbage concentration and promotes senescence, the model predicts that if the accumulation of senescent glia overcomes an inflammaging threshold, further progression of senescence becomes unstoppable even if a normal sleep pattern is restored. Inverting this process by "rejuvenating the brain" is only possible via a reset of concentration of senescent glia below this threshold. Our model approach enables analysis of space-time dynamics of senescence, and in this way, we show that heterogeneous patterns of inflammation will accelerate the propagation of senescence profile through a network, confirming a negative effect of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Gordleeva
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia.
| | - Oleg Kanakov
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute for Women's Health and Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Sanchez-Morate E, Gimeno-Mallench L, Stromsnes K, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Parejo-Pedrajas S, Inglés M, Olaso G, Gambini J, Mas-Bargues C. Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E287. [PMID: 32823858 PMCID: PMC7460310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to medical advances and lifestyle changes, population life expectancy has increased. For this reason, it is important to achieve healthy aging by reducing the risk factors causing damage and pathologies associated with age. Through nutrition, one of the pillars of health, we are able to modify these factors through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The Mediterranean and Oriental diets are proof of this, as well as the components present in them, such as fiber and polyphenols. These generate beneficial effects on the body thanks, in part, to their interaction with intestinal bacteria. Likewise, the low consumption of products with high fat content favors the state of the microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sanchez-Morate
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Sergi Parejo-Pedrajas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gloria Olaso
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
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26
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Marcon G, Tettamanti M, Capacci G, Fontanel G, Spanò M, Nobili A, Forloni G, Franceschi C. COVID-19 mortality in Lombardy: the vulnerability of the oldest old and the resilience of male centenarians. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15186-15195. [PMID: 32788424 PMCID: PMC7467374 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the first European nation to be affected by COVID-19. The biggest cluster of cases occurred in Lombardy, the most populous Italian region, and elderly men were the population hit in the hardest way. Besides its high infectivity, COVID-19 causes a severe cytokine storm and old people, especially those with comorbidities, appear to be the most vulnerable, presumably in connection to inflammaging. In centenarians inflammaging is much lower than predicted by their chronological age and females, presenting survival advantage in almost all centenarian populations, outnumber males, a phenomenon particularly evident in Northern Italy. Within this scenario, we wondered if: a) the COVID-19 mortality in centenarians was lower than that in people aged between 50 and 80 and b) the mortality from COVID-19 in nonagenarians and centenarians highlighted gender differences. We checked COVID-19-related vulnerability/mortality at the peak of infection (March 2020), using data on total deaths (i.e. not only confirmed COVID-19 cases). Our conclusion is that excess mortality increases steadily up to very old ages and at the same time men older than 90 years become relatively more resilient than age-matched females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marcon
- DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Capacci
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census, Istat, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontanel
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Spanò
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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The carotid plaque as paradigmatic case of site-specific acceleration of aging process: The microRNAs and the inflammaging contribution. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101090. [PMID: 32474155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries associated with the aging process. Many risk factors have been identified and they are mainly related to life-styles, gene-environment interactions and socioeconomic status. Carotid and coronary artery diseases are the two major atherosclerotic conditions, being the primary cause of stroke and heart attack, respectively. Nevertheless, carotid plaque assumes particular aspects not only for the specific molecular mechanisms, but also for the types of atheroma which may be associated with a better or a worst prognosis. The identification of circulating blood biomarkers able to distinguish carotid plaque types (stable or vulnerable) is a crucial step for the improvement of adequate therapeutic approaches avoiding or delaying endarterectomy in the oldest old individuals (> 80 years), a population predicted to growth in the next years. The review highlights the most recent knowledge on carotid plaque molecular mechanisms, focusing on microRNAs (miRs), as a site-specific accelerated aging within the conceptual framework of Geroscience for new affordable therapies.
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28
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Unveiling the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1954398. [PMID: 32454933 PMCID: PMC7232723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1954398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global population above 60 years has been growing exponentially in the last decades, which is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, highlighting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Aging is the main risk factor for these diseases. Such susceptibility to disease is explained, at least in part, by the increase of oxidative stress, in which it damages cellular components such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. In addition, the chronic inflammatory process in aging “inflammaging” also contributes to cell damage, creating a stressful environment which drives to the development of CVDs. Taken together, it is possible to identify the molecular connection between oxidative stress and the inflammatory process, especially by the crosstalk between the transcription factors Nrf-2 and NF-κB which are mediated by redox signalling and are involved in aging. Therapies that control this process are key targets in the prevention/combat of age-related CVDs. In this review, we show the basics of inflammation and oxidative stress, including the crosstalk between them, and the implications on age-related CVDs.
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Shotgun Metagenomics of Gut Microbiota in Humans with up to Extreme Longevity and the Increasing Role of Xenobiotic Degradation. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00124-20. [PMID: 32209716 PMCID: PMC7093822 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00124-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome of long-lived people display an increasing abundance of subdominant species, as well as a rearrangement in health-associated bacteria, but less is known about microbiome functions. In order to disentangle the contribution of the gut microbiome to the complex trait of human longevity, we here describe the metagenomic change of the human gut microbiome along with aging in subjects with up to extreme longevity, including centenarians (aged 99 to 104 years) and semisupercentenarians (aged 105 to 109 years), i.e., demographically very uncommon subjects who reach the extreme limit of the human life span. According to our findings, the gut microbiome of centenarians and semisupercentenarians is more suited for xenobiotic degradation and shows a rearrangement in metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Collectively, our data go beyond the relationship between intestinal bacteria and physiological changes that occur with aging by detailing the shifts in the potential metagenomic functions of the gut microbiome of centenarians and semisupercentenarians as a response to progressive dietary and lifestyle modifications.IMPORTANCE The study of longevity may help us understand how human beings can delay or survive the most frequent age-related diseases and morbidities. In this scenario, the gut microbiome has been proposed as one of the variables to monitor and possibly support healthy aging. Indeed, the disruption of host-gut microbiome homeostasis has been associated with inflammation and intestinal permeability as well as a general decline in bone and cognitive health. Here, we performed a metagenomic assessment of fecal samples from semisupercentenarians, i.e., 105 to 109 years old, in comparison to young adults, the elderly, and centenarians, shedding light on the longest compositional and functional trajectory of the human gut microbiome with aging. In addition to providing a fine taxonomic resolution down to the species level, our study emphasizes the progressive age-related increase in degradation pathways of pervasive xenobiotics in Western societies, possibly as a result of a supportive process within the molecular continuum characterizing aging.
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30
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Lorenzini A, Monti D, Santoro A. Editorial: Adipose Tissue: Which Role in Aging and Longevity? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:583. [PMID: 32982974 PMCID: PMC7480526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Lorenzini
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonello Lorenzini
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Borras C, Ingles M, Mas-Bargues C, Dromant M, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Gimeno-Mallench L, Gambini J, Viña J. Centenarians: An excellent example of resilience for successful ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 186:111199. [PMID: 31899226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centenarians are remarkable not only because of their prolonged life, but also because they compress morbidity until the very last moments of their lives, thus being proposed as a model of successful, extraordinary ageing. From the medical viewpoint, centenarians do not escape the physiological decline or the age-related diseases or syndromes (i.e. frailty), but the rate of such processes is slow enough to be counterbalanced by their increased intrinsic capacity to respond to minor stresses of daily life (i.e. resilience). These new concepts are reviewed in this paper. Allostatic stresses lead to a chronic low-grade inflammation that has led to the proposal of the "inflammaging" theory of ageing and frailty. The biology of centenarians, described in this review, provides us with clues for intervention to promote healthy ageing in the general population. One of the major reasons for this healthy ageing has to do with the genetic signature that is specific for centenarians and certainly different from octogenarians who do not enjoy the extraordinary qualities of centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borras
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Ingles
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Sabbatinelli J, Prattichizzo F, Olivieri F, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Giuliani A. Where Metabolism Meets Senescence: Focus on Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31920721 PMCID: PMC6930181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in their proliferative potential, senescent cells display a high metabolic activity. Senescent cells have been shown to acquire a more glycolytic state even in presence of high oxygen levels, in a way similar to cancer cells. The diversion of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, away from oxidative phosphorylation results in an altered bioenergetic state and may occur as a response to the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This metabolic shift leads to increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, to the subsequent AMPK activation, and ultimately to p53-mediated growth arrest. Mounting evidences suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical to direct considerable amounts of energy toward specific activities related to the senescent state, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the modulation of immune responses within senescent cell tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, despite the relative abundance of oxygen in the vascular compartment, healthy endothelial cells (ECs) produce most of their ATP content from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate. Their high glycolytic rate further increases during senescence. Alterations in EC metabolism have been identified in age-related diseases (ARDs) associated with a dysfunctional vasculature, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, higher production of reactive oxygen species deriving from a variety of enzymatic sources, including uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the electron transport chain, causes DNA damage and activates the NAD+-consuming enzymes polyADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). These non-physiological mechanisms drive the impairment of the glycolytic flux and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into many pathological pathways. Of note, accumulation of senescent ECs has been reported in the context of ARDs. Through their pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and prothrombotic activities, they negatively impact on vascular physiology, promoting both the onset and development of ARDs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular senescence-related metabolic changes and their contribution to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ARDs, with a particular focus on ECs. Moreover, current and potential interventions aimed at modulating EC metabolism, in order to prevent or delay ARD onset, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Salazar N, Arboleya S, Fernández-Navarro T, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gonzalez S, Gueimonde M. Age-Associated Changes in Gut Microbiota and Dietary Components Related with the Immune System in Adulthood and Old Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081765. [PMID: 31370376 PMCID: PMC6722604 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fecal microbiota plays an important role in human health, and alterations in the microbiota–host interaction seem to be involved in the ageing process. Therefore, it is of interest to develop strategies for promoting a balanced microbiota in old age in order to prevent the physiological and immune decline associated with age. However, the specific microbiota changes in the transition from adulthood to senescence are not yet well understood. Here we assessed the levels of some intestinal microorganisms and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) across different age-groups. In total, 153 adults from four age groups (<50, 50–65, 66–80, and >80 years-old) were recruited; the levels of different bacterial groups in fecal samples were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and those of SCFA by gas chromatography. Dietary information was collected by using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The presence of the Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides group, and Clostridium cluster XIVa decreased with age up to 66–80 years of age, with differences reaching statistical significance for the latter group. Interestingly, the levels of some of these microorganisms recovered in the very old age group (>80 years), with these older individuals presenting significantly higher counts of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus group than adults and the younger elderly. In addition, ageing was associated with a progressively and statistically significant reduction in the fecal concentrations of SCFAs. Dietary intakes also showed some statistically significant differences among the groups for some macro- and micronutrients. Moreover, associations of some microorganisms with age and macronutrients were also evidenced. Considering the role that fecal microbiota alterations may have in terms of impairing homeostasis and resilience, our results underline the importance of understanding the ageing and immunosenescence processes by including the microbiota perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salazar
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Navarro
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sonia Gonzalez
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain.
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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34
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From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing. Nature 2019; 571:183-192. [PMID: 31292558 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, understanding ageing and the processes that limit lifespan have challenged biologists. Thirty years ago, the biology of ageing gained unprecedented scientific credibility through the identification of gene variants that extend the lifespan of multicellular model organisms. Here we summarize the milestones that mark this scientific triumph, discuss different ageing pathways and processes, and suggest that ageing research is entering a new era that has unique medical, commercial and societal implications. We argue that this era marks an inflection point, not only in ageing research but also for all biological research that affects the human healthspan.
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Fülöp T, Larbi A, Witkowski J. Human Inflammaging. Gerontology 2019; 65:495-504. [DOI: 10.1159/000497375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Morsiani C, Bacalini MG, Santoro A, Garagnani P, Collura S, D'Errico A, de Eguileor M, Grazi GL, Cescon M, Franceschi C, Capri M. The peculiar aging of human liver: A geroscience perspective within transplant context. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:24-34. [PMID: 30772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of recent data highlighting aspects inspired by the new Geroscience perspective are here discussed. The main findings are summarized as follows: i) liver has to be considered an immunological organ, and new studies suggest a role for the recently described cells named telocytes; ii) the liver-gut axis represents a crucial connection with environment and life style habits and may influence liver diseases onset; iii) the physiological aging of liver shows relatively modest alterations. Nevertheless, several molecular changes appear to be relevant: a) an increase of microRNA-31-5p; -141-3p; -200c-3p expressions after 60 years of age; b) a remodeling of genome-wide DNA methylation profile evident until 60 years of age and then plateauing; c) changes in transcriptome including the metabolic zones of hepatocyte lobules; d) liver undergoes an accelerated aging in presence of chronic inflammation/liver diseases in a sort of continuum, largely as a consequence of unhealthy life styles and exposure to environmental noxious agents. We argue that chronic liver inflammation has all the major characteristics of "inflammaging" and likely sustains the onset and progression of liver diseases. Finally, we propose to use a combination of parameters, mostly obtained by omics such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, to evaluate in deep both the biological age of liver (in comparison with the chronological age) and the effects of donor-recipient age-mismatches in the context of liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- DBSV-Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CSR-Centro di Studio per la Ricerca dell'Invecchiamento, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Vitale G, Pellegrino G, Vollery M, Hofland LJ. ROLE of IGF-1 System in the Modulation of Longevity: Controversies and New Insights From a Centenarians' Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30774624 PMCID: PMC6367275 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is currently defined as a physiological decline of biological functions in the body with a continual adaptation to internal and external damaging. The endocrine system plays a major role in orchestrating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth, and aging. Several in vivo studies from worms to mice showed that downregulated activity of the GH/IGF-1/insulin pathway could be beneficial for the extension of human life span, whereas results are contradictory in humans. In the present review, we discuss the potential role of the IGF-1 system in modulation of longevity, hypothesizing that the endocrine and metabolic adaptation observed in centenarians and in mammals during caloric restriction may be a physiological strategy for extending lifespan through a slower cell growing/metabolism, a better physiologic reserve capacity, a shift of cellular metabolism from cell proliferation to repair activities and a decrease in accumulation of senescent cells. Therefore, understanding of the link between IGF-1/insulin system and longevity may have future clinical applications in promoting healthy aging and in Rehabilitation Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche di Neuroendocrinologia Geriatrica ed Oncologica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Vitale
| | - Giuseppe Pellegrino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Leo J. Hofland
- Division Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Ponti F, Santoro A, Mercatelli D, Gasperini C, Conte M, Martucci M, Sangiorgi L, Franceschi C, Bazzocchi A. Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31993018 PMCID: PMC6970947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by the chronic inflammatory status called "inflammaging", which shares major molecular and cellular features with the metabolism-induced inflammation called "metaflammation." Metaflammation is mainly driven by overnutrition and nutrient excess, but other contributing factors are metabolic modifications related to the specific body composition (BC) changes occurring with age. The aging process is indeed characterized by an increase in body total fat mass and a concomitant decrease in lean mass and bone density, that are independent from general and physiological fluctuations in weight and body mass index (BMI). Body adiposity is also re-distributed with age, resulting in a general increase in trunk fat (mainly abdominal fat) and a reduction in appendicular fat (mainly subcutaneous fat). Moreover, the accumulation of fat infiltration in organs such as liver and muscles also increases in elderly, while subcutaneous fat mass tends to decrease. These specific variations in BC are considered risk factors for the major age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and can predispose to disabilities. Thus, the maintenance of a balance rate of fat, muscle and bone is crucial to preserve metabolic homeostasis and a health status, positively contributing to a successful aging. For this reason, a detailed assessment of BC in elderly is critical and could be an additional preventive personalized strategy for age-related diseases. Despite BMI and other clinical measures, such as waist circumference measurement, waist-hip ratio, underwater weighing and bioelectrical impedance, are widely used as a surrogate measure for body adiposity, they barely reflect the distribution of body fat. Because of the great advantages offered by imaging tools in research and clinics, the attention of clinicians is now moving to powerful imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound to obtain a more accurate estimation of BC. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of the imaging techniques that are currently available to measure BC and that can be applied to the study of BC changes in the elderly, outlining advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aurelia Santoro
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasperini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rare Orthopedic Disease & CLIBI Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Franceschi C, Zaikin A, Gordleeva S, Ivanchenko M, Bonifazi F, Storci G, Bonafè M. Inflammaging 2018: An update and a model. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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