1
|
Yu T, Wang L, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhang G, Hu S. Downregulation of Setdb2 promotes alternative activation of macrophages via the PI3K/Akt pathway to attenuate NAFLD after sleeve gastrectomy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150264. [PMID: 38905784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) stands as the most prevalent hepatic disorder, with bariatric surgery emerging as the most effective intervention for NAFLD remission. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has notably ascended as the predominant procedure due to its comparative simplicity and consistent surgical outcomes. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we probed the therapeutic potential of SG for NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, with a focus on its impact on liver lipid accumulation, macrophage polarization, and the role of the histone methyltransferase Setdb2. SG prompted significant weight loss, diminished liver size and liver-to-body weight ratio, and enhanced liver function, evidenced by reduced serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Histological examination confirmed a reduction in liver lipid accumulation. Additionally, flow cytometry unveiled an increased proportion of M2 macrophages and a decrease in Setdb2 expression was shown in the SG group, suggesting an association between Setdb2 levels and postsurgical macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the conditional knockout of Setdb2 in mice further mitigated HFD-induced steatosis and promoted the M2 macrophage phenotype. Mechanistically, Setdb2 knockout in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) favored M2 polarization, with RNA sequencing and western blotting analyses corroborating the upregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of Setdb2 on macrophage activation were nullified by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, suggesting that Setdb2 facilitates alternative macrophage activation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These comprehensive findings underscore the potential of SG as a therapeutic intervention for NAFLD by regulating the critical function of Setdb2 in macrophage polarization and activation, thereby offering novel insights into NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China; Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Bariatric and Metabolism-Associated Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China; Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Bariatric and Metabolism-Associated Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China; Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Bariatric and Metabolism-Associated Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China.
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Diagnosis and Treatment of Bariatric and Metabolism-Associated Surgery, Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amini-Salehi E, Letafatkar N, Norouzi N, Joukar F, Habibi A, Javid M, Sattari N, Khorasani M, Farahmand A, Tavakoli S, Masoumzadeh-Kiaee B, Abbaspour E, Karimzadhagh S, Ghadiri A, Maddineni G, Khosousi MJ, Faraji N, Keivanlou MH, Mahapatro A, Khajavi Gaskarei MA, Okhovat P, Bahrampourian A, Aleali MS, Mirdamadi A, Eslami N, Javid M, Javaheri N, Prabhu SV, Bakhsi A, Shafipour M, Vakilpour A, Ansar MM, Kanagala SG, Hashemi M, Ghazalgoo A, Kheirandish M, Porteghali P, Heidarzad F, Zeinali T, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Hassanipour S, Ulrich MT, Melson JE, Patel D, Nayak SS. Global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated meta-analysis on 78 million population over 38 countries. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103043. [PMID: 39094335 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health challenge, with a rising rate in line with other metabolic diseases. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of NAFLD in adult and pediatric populations. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to May 2023. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics, and random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using STATA version 18. RESULTS A total of 479 studies with 78,001,755 participants from 38 countries were finally included. The global prevalence of NAFLD was estimated to be 30.2% (95% CI: 28.7-31.7%). Regionally, the prevalence of NAFLD was as follows: Asia 30.9% (95% CI: 29.2-32.6%), Australia 16.1% (95% CI: 9.0-24.8%), Europe 30.2% (95% CI: 25.6-35.0%), North America 29% (95% CI: 25.8-32.3%), and South America 34% (95% CI: 16.9-53.5%). Countries with a higher human development index (HDI) had significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD (coefficient = -0.523, p = 0.005). Globally, the prevalence of NAFLD in men and women was 36.6% (95% CI: 34.7-38.4%) and 25.5% (95% CI: 23.9-27.1%), respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD in adults, adults with obesity, children, and children with obesity was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.8-31.7%), 57.5% (95% CI: 43.6-70.9%), 14.3% (95% CI: 10.3-18.8%), and 38.0% (95% CI: 31.5-44.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD is remarkably high, particularly in countries with lower HDI. This substantial prevalence in both adults and children underscores the need for disease management protocols to reduce the burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naeim Norouzi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Habibi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mona Javid
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nazila Sattari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khorasani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Farahmand
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shervin Tavakoli
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behnaz Masoumzadeh-Kiaee
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Abbaspour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Radiology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sahand Karimzadhagh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghadiri
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gautam Maddineni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammad-Javad Khosousi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Faraji
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Abinash Mahapatro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hi-Tech Medical college & Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | | | - Paria Okhovat
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Bahrampourian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Aleali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arian Mirdamadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Javid
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naz Javaheri
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Arash Bakhsi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azin Vakilpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Malek Moein Ansar
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arezoo Ghazalgoo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kheirandish
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parham Porteghali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Forough Heidarzad
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tahereh Zeinali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Michael T Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua E Melson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center-Banner Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dhruvan Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan C, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Sun Y, Peng X, Cai W. The predictive role of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1376894. [PMID: 39040676 PMCID: PMC11260703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1376894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis are unclear, and there are still no effective means for diagnosing or monitoring disease progression. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were collected for analysis. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the associations between PLR and NAFLD and cirrhosis in different populations. The Area Under Curve Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUCROC) was used to distinguish the models. Threshold analysis was performed by constructing a two-piecewise linear regression. Correlation analysis was performed separately on either side of the inflection point. Results A total of 5724 adults were included. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the PLR was associated with NAFLD and cirrhosis (AUCROC of NAFLD: 0.803; AUCROC of cirrhosis: 0.851). The AUCROC of the PLR for predicting NAFLD incidence was 0.762 in the diabetic population and 0.804 in the nondiabetic population. High PLR predicted cirrhosis in the diabetic population, with an AUCROC of 0.824, whereas a high PLR was not associated with cirrhosis in the nondiabetic population. The restricted cubic spline revealed a negative linear correlation between the PLR and NAFLD incidence. The inflection point of the PLR for NAFLD was 180.74. A PLR ≤180.74 was statistically significant (odds ratio=0.997, 95% confidence interval=0.995-0.999). In the NAFLD population, the PLR was negatively correlated with cirrhosis at a PLR ≤130.5 (odds ratio=0.987, 95% confidence interval=0.977-0.996) and positively correlated with cirrhosis at a PLR > 130.5 (odds ratio=1.006, 95% confidence interval=1.001-1.012). Conclusions The PLR and NAFLD were negatively correlated in the U.S. population. The PLR had a U-shaped relationship with cirrhosis in the NAFLD population. The PLR has potential value in monitoring NAFLD patient progression to cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weichang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinke Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenwu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vacca M, Kamzolas I, Harder LM, Oakley F, Trautwein C, Hatting M, Ross T, Bernardo B, Oldenburger A, Hjuler ST, Ksiazek I, Lindén D, Schuppan D, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Tonini MM, Castañeda TR, Kannt A, Rodrigues CMP, Cockell S, Govaere O, Daly AK, Allison M, Honnens de Lichtenberg K, Kim YO, Lindblom A, Oldham S, Andréasson AC, Schlerman F, Marioneaux J, Sanyal A, Afonso MB, Younes R, Amano Y, Friedman SL, Wang S, Bhattacharya D, Simon E, Paradis V, Burt A, Grypari IM, Davies S, Driessen A, Yashiro H, Pors S, Worm Andersen M, Feigh M, Yunis C, Bedossa P, Stewart M, Cater HL, Wells S, Schattenberg JM, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Perfield JW, Petsalaki E, Davidsen P, Vidal-Puig A. An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nat Metab 2024; 6:1178-1196. [PMID: 38867022 PMCID: PMC11199145 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, encompasses steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical MASLD research is mainly performed in rodents; however, the model that best recapitulates human disease is yet to be defined. We conducted a wide-ranging retrospective review (metabolic phenotype, liver histopathology, transcriptome benchmarked against humans) of murine models (mostly male) and ranked them using an unbiased MASLD 'human proximity score' to define their metabolic relevance and ability to induce MASH-fibrosis. Here, we show that Western diets align closely with human MASH; high cholesterol content, extended study duration and/or genetic manipulation of disease-promoting pathways are required to intensify liver damage and accelerate significant (F2+) fibrosis development. Choline-deficient models rapidly induce MASH-fibrosis while showing relatively poor translatability. Our ranking of commonly used MASLD models, based on their proximity to human MASLD, helps with the selection of appropriate in vivo models to accelerate preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and MASLD, Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Mørch Harder
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Trenton Ross
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Bernardo
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Manuela Tonini
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara R Castañeda
- R&D Diabetes & Portfolio Innovation and Excellence, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D Diabetes, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Innovation Center TheraNova and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lindblom
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franklin Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramy Younes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Université Paris Diderot and Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Alastair Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susan Davies
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, Oncology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carla Yunis
- Pfizer, Inc.; Internal Medicine and Hospital, Pfizer Research and Development, Lake Mary, FL, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- LiverPat, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - James W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter Davidsen
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren H, Xu H, Yang D, Tong X, Zhao X, Wang Q, Sun Y, Ou X, Jia J, You H, Wang Z, Yang Z. Intravoxel incoherent motion assessment of liver fibrosis staging in MASLD. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:1411-1418. [PMID: 38461432 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Partial correlation analysis was performed to account for the interference of steatosis changes and inflammatory factors, to determine the true correlation between fibrosis and IVIM parameters (Dfast, Dslow, and F), and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of IVIM for liver fibrosis. METHODS A total of 106 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) examined by IVIM from November 2016 to November 2023 at our hospital were retrospectively included. Preliminary analysis of each IVIM parameter and correlations with pathological findings were performed using Spearman correlation analysis, and partial correlation analysis was used to exclude the interference of other pathological factors, thus yielding the true correlations between IVIM parameters (Dfast, Dslow, and F) and pathology. The diagnostic efficacy of IVIM parameters for diagnosing MASLD was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Spearman correlation analysis of all the IVIM parameters revealed correlations with steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning. Partial correlation analysis indicated that Dfast was correlated with the pathological fibrosis stage (r = - 0.593, P < 0.001), Dslow was correlated with the pathological steatosis score (r = - 0.313, P < 0.05), and F was correlated with the pathological fibrosis stage and steatosis score (r = - 0.456 and 0.255, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). In the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis, significant hepatic fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, Dfast achieved areas under the ROC curve of 0.763, 0.801, 0.853, and 0.897, respectively. The threshold values for diagnosing different fibrosis stages using Dfast (10-3 mm2/s) were 57.613, 54.587, 52.714, and 51.978, respectively. CONCLUSION According to our partial correlation analysis, there was a moderate correlation between Dfast and F according to fibrosis stage, and Dfast was not influenced by inflammation or steatosis when diagnosing fibrosis in MASLD patients. A relatively close Dfast threshold is insufficient for accurately and noninvasively assessing various stages of MASLD fibrosis. In clinical practice, this approach can be considered an alternative method for the preliminary assessment of fibrosis in MASLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaofei Tong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yameng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiang X, Ji R, Han S, Xu X, Zhu S, Li Y, Du J, Mai K, Ai Q. Differences in diacylglycerol acyltransferases expression patterns and regulation cause distinct hepatic triglyceride deposition in fish. Commun Biol 2024; 7:480. [PMID: 38641731 PMCID: PMC11031565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triglyceride (TAG) deposition in the liver is associated with metabolic disorders. In lower vertebrate, the propensity to accumulate hepatic TAG varies widely among fish species. Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2) are major enzymes for TAG synthesis. Here we show that large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) has significantly higher hepatic TAG level than that in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with same diet. Hepatic expression of DGATs genes in croaker is markedly higher compared with trout under physiological condition. Meanwhile, DGAT1 and DGAT2 in both croaker and trout are required for TAG synthesis and lipid droplet formation in vitro. Furthermore, oleic acid treatment increases DGAT1 expression in croaker hepatocytes rather than in trout and has no significant difference in DGAT2 expression in two fish species. Finally, effects of various transcription factors on croaker and trout DGAT1 promoter are studied. We find that DGAT1 is a target gene of the transcription factor CREBH in croaker rather than in trout. Overall, hepatic expression and transcriptional regulation of DGATs display significant species differences between croaker and trout with distinct hepatic triglyceride deposition, which bring new perspectives on the use of fish models for studying hepatic TAG deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Renlei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shangzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P.R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inia JA, de Jong JCBC, Keijzer N, Menke AL, Princen HMG, Jukema JW, van den Hoek AM. Effects of repeated weight cycling on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23579. [PMID: 38568838 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions remain the treatment of choice for patients with obesity and metabolic complications, yet are difficult to maintain and often lead to cycles of weight loss and regain (weight cycling). Literature on weight cycling remains controversial and we therefore investigated the association between weight cycling and metabolic complications using preexistent obese mice. Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, weight-cycled mice were switched between the healthy chow diet and HFD for four 2-week periods and compared to mice that received HFD for the total study period. Repeated weight cycling tended to decrease body weight and significantly reduced fat mass, whereas adipose tissue inflammation was similar relative to HFD controls. Weight cycling did not significantly affect blood glucose or plasma insulin levels yet significantly reduced plasma free fatty acid and alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase levels. Hepatic macrovesicular steatosis was similar and microvesicular steatosis tended to be increased upon weight cycling. Weight cycling resulted in a robust decrease in hepatic inflammation compared to HFD controls while hepatic fibrosis and atherosclerosis development were not affected. These results argue against the postulate that repeated weight cycling leads to unfavorable metabolic effects, when compared to a continuous unhealthy lifestyle, and in fact revealed beneficial effects on hepatic inflammation, an important hallmark of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Inia
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle C B C de Jong
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Keijzer
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HM, Kwon MH, Lee ES, Ha KB, Chung CH. DA-6034 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high fat diet-induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:103-112. [PMID: 38486464 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride content and increased inflammatory macrophage infiltration through the C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 pathway in the liver. DA-6034 (7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxy flavone), is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effect of DA-6034 on the inflammatory response in NAFLD is not well elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of DA-6034 on hepatic steatosis and inflammation. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) RD with DA-6034, (3) high fat diet (HFD), and (4) HFD with DA-6034. All mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. The effects of DA-6034 on macrophages were assessed using RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS DA-6034 not only reduced hepatic triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation but also macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. According to fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, DA-6034 reduced the CD8+ T cell fraction in the liver of HFD-fed mice. DA-6034 also reduced CCR5 expression and the migration of liver macrophages in HFD-fed mice and inhibited CCR2 ligand and CCR4 ligand, which stimulated the migration of macrophages. CONCLUSION Overall, DA-6034 attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in obesity by regulating CCR5 expression in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bong Ha
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaccine Center for Assisting Safety & Technology, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DiStefano JK, Piras IS, Wu X, Sharma R, Garcia-Mansfield K, Willey M, Lovell B, Pirrotte P, Olson ML, Shaibi GQ. Changes in proteomic cargo of circulating extracellular vesicles in response to lifestyle intervention in adolescents with hepatic steatosis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:333-342. [PMID: 38479932 PMCID: PMC10937812 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that proteomic cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a role in metabolic improvements following lifestyle interventions. However, the relationship between changes in liver fat and circulating EV-derived protein cargo following intervention remains unexplored. METHODS The study cohort comprised 18 Latino adolescents with obesity and hepatic steatosis (12 males/6 females; average age 13.3 ± 1.2 y) who underwent a six-month lifestyle intervention. EV size distribution and concentration were determined by light scattering intensity; EV protein composition was characterized by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Average hepatic fat fraction (HFF) decreased 23% by the end of the intervention (12.5% [5.5] to 9.6% [4.9]; P = 0.0077). Mean EV size was smaller post-intervention compared to baseline (120.2 ± 16.4 nm to 128.4 ± 16.5 nm; P = 0.031), although the difference in mean EV concentration (1.1E+09 ± 4.1E+08 particles/mL to 1.1E+09 ± 1.8E+08 particles/mL; P = 0.656)) remained unchanged. A total of 462 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis of plasma-derived EVs from participants pre- and post-intervention, with 113 proteins showing differential abundance (56 higher and 57 lower) between the two timepoints (adj-p <0.05). Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in complement cascade, initial triggering of complement, creation of C4 and C2 activators, and regulation of complement cascade. Hepatocyte-specific EV affinity purification identified 40 proteins with suggestive (p < 0.05) differential abundance between pre- and post-intervention samples. CONCLUSIONS Circulating EV-derived proteins, particularly those associated with the complement cascade, may contribute to improvements in liver fat in response to lifestyle intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K DiStefano
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiumei Wu
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Krystine Garcia-Mansfield
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Maya Willey
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brooke Lovell
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsamos G, Kalopitas G, Evripidou K, Vasdeki D, Koufakis T, Kanavas V, Antza C, Germanidis G, Chourdakis M. The Effects of Olive Oil Consumption on Biochemical Parameters and Body Mass Index of People with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:857. [PMID: 38542768 PMCID: PMC10976078 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder, is closely associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndromes. A body of research has proposed that olive oil, a basic component of the Mediterranean diet with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may alleviate metabolic disturbances and retard the progression of NAFLD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of olive oil intake in people with NAFLD. We systematically searched the major electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), as well as grey literature sources, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of olive oil consumption on biochemical and anthropometric parameters of individuals with NAFLD. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk-of-bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2). The mean difference (MD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Seven RCTs involving 515 subjects were included in the analysis. In the random-effects model, no statistically significant differences were identified with respect to alanine transaminase (MD = -1.83 IU/L, 95% CI: -5.85, 2.19 IU/L, p = 0.37, I2 = 69%) and aspartate transaminase (MD = -1.65 IU/L, 95% CI: -4.48, 1.17 IU/L, p = 0.25, I2 = 72%) levels or waist circumference values (MD = -0.23 cm, 95% CI: -1.23, 0.76 cm, p = 0.65, I2 = 0%). However, a significant effect on body mass index was observed (MD = -0.57 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.06 kg/m2, p = 0.03, I2 = 51%) for subjects who received olive oil compared to those who received an alternative diet or placebo. The findings of the present meta-analysis suggest a modestly positive impact of olive oil intake on body weight in people with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsamos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Kleo Evripidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Dimitra Vasdeki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Kanavas
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 412 22 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Christina Antza
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, 564 03 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.E.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Liu F, Fan X, Shi C, Su X, Tan M, Yang Y, Lin B, Lei K, Qu L, Yang J, Zhu Z, Yuan Z, Xie S, Sun Q, Neculai D, Liu W, Yan Q, Wang X, Shao J, Liu J, Lin A. LncRNA LINK-A Remodels Tissue Inflammatory Microenvironments to Promote Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303341. [PMID: 38145352 PMCID: PMC10933663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a crucial risk factor for metabolic syndrome, mainly due to adipose tissue dysfunctions associated with it. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study has used genetic screening to identify an obesity-associated human lncRNA LINK-A as a critical molecule bridging the metabolic microenvironment and energy expenditure in vivo by establishing the HFD-induced obesity knock-in (KI) mouse model. Mechanistically, HFD LINK-A KI mice induce the infiltration of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and CXCL16, through the LINK-A/HB-EGF/HIF1α feedback loop axis in a self-amplified manner, thereby promoting the adipose tissue microenvironment remodeling and adaptive thermogenesis disorder, ultimately leading to obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, LINK-A expression is positively correlated with inflammatory factor expression in individuals who are overweight. Of note, targeting LINK-A via nucleic acid drug antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) attenuate HFD-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, pointing out LINK-A as a valuable and effective therapeutic target for treating HFD-induced obesity. Briefly, the results reveale the roles of lncRNAs (such as LINK-A) in remodeling tissue inflammatory microenvironments to promote HFD-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiao Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Chengyu Shi
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xinwan Su
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Manman Tan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yebin Yang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310053China
| | - Bangxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310006China
| | - Kai Lei
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Lei Qu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jiecheng Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Zhipeng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Zengzhuang Yuan
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute)University School of MedicineInternational CampusZhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang314400China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- The Children's HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
- Department of Cell BiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qinming Sun
- Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Cardiology of Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang313000China
- International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineThe 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
| | - Dante Neculai
- International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineThe 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
- Department of Cell BiologyDepartment of General Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310016China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Cardiology of Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang313000China
- International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineThe 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310006China
- Department of Central LaboratoryThe First People's Hospital of HuzhouHuzhouZhejiang313000China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jian Liu
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute)University School of MedicineInternational CampusZhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang314400China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Hangzhou Cancer InstitutionAffiliated Hangzhou Cancer HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310002China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUK
| | - Aifu Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and ProtectionCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- International School of MedicineInternational Institutes of MedicineThe 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Future Health LaboratoryInnovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxingZhejiang314100China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding Y, Yanagi K, Yang F, Callaway E, Cheng C, Hensel ME, Menon R, Alaniz RC, Lee K, Jayaraman A. Oral supplementation of gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate alleviates diet-induced steatosis and inflammation in mice. eLife 2024; 12:RP87458. [PMID: 38412016 PMCID: PMC10942630 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and disruption of microbiota-host interactions contribute to the pathology of NAFLD. We previously demonstrated that gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetate (I3A) was decreased in both cecum and liver of high-fat diet-fed mice and attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and Tnfa and fatty acid-induced inflammatory responses in an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner in hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of orally administered I3A in a mouse model of diet-induced NAFLD. Western diet (WD)-fed mice given sugar water (SW) with I3A showed dramatically decreased serum ALT, hepatic triglycerides (TG), liver steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and hepatic production of inflammatory cytokines, compared to WD-fed mice given only SW. Metagenomic analysis show that I3A administration did not significantly modify the intestinal microbiome, suggesting that I3A's beneficial effects likely reflect the metabolite's direct actions on the liver. Administration of I3A partially reversed WD-induced alterations of liver metabolome and proteome, notably, decreasing expression of several enzymes in hepatic lipogenesis and β-oxidation. Mechanistically, we also show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of I3A in macrophages. The potency of I3A in alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation clearly demonstrates its potential as a therapeutic modality for preventing the progression of steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Ding
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Karin Yanagi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Fang Yang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Clint Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Martha E Hensel
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Rani Menon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Robert C Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, Texas A&M UniversityBryanUnited States
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas Health Science Center, Texas A&M UniversityBryanUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zaky YA, Rashad MW, Zaater MA, El Kerdawy AM. Discovery of dual rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors as a novel approach for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. BMC Chem 2024; 18:2. [PMID: 38172941 PMCID: PMC10765837 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study we suggest a novel approach to curb non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression, and we suggest privileged scaffolds for the design of novel compounds for this aim. NASH is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that can further progress into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a widely emerging disease affecting 25% of the global population and has no current approved treatments. Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular pathways, of which, Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) play an important role in the progression of NASH and they stand out as promising targets for NASH therapy. Interestingly, their kinase domains are found to be similar in sequence and topology; therefore, dual inhibition of ROCK1 and ASK1 is expected to be amenable and could achieve a more favourable outcome. To reach this goal, a training set of ROCK1 and ASK1 protein structures co-crystalized with type 1 (ATP-competitive) inhibitors was constructed to manually generate receptor-based pharmacophore models representing ROCK1 and ASK1 inhibitors' common pharmacophoric features. The models produced were assessed using a test set of both ROCK1 and ASK1 actives and decoys, and their performance was evaluated using different assessment metrics. The best pharmacophore model obtained, showing a Mathew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.71, was then used to screen the ZINC purchasable database retrieving 6178 hits that were filtered accordingly using several medicinal chemistry and pharmacokinetics filters returning 407 promising compounds. To confirm that these compounds are capable of binding to the target kinases, they were subjected to molecular docking simulations at both protein structures. The results were then assessed individually and filtered, setting the spotlight on various privileged scaffolds that could be exploited as the nucleus for designing novel ROCK1/ASK1 dual inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Zaky
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mai W Rashad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Zaater
- Master Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qadri S, Vartiainen E, Lahelma M, Porthan K, Tang A, Idilman IS, Runge JH, Juuti A, Penttilä AK, Dabek J, Lehtimäki TE, Seppänen W, Arola J, Arkkila P, Stoker J, Karcaaltincaba M, Pavlides M, Loomba R, Sirlin CB, Tukiainen T, Yki-Järvinen H. Marked difference in liver fat measured by histology vs. magnetic resonance-proton density fat fraction: A meta-analysis. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100928. [PMID: 38089550 PMCID: PMC10711480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Pathologists quantify liver steatosis as the fraction of lipid droplet-containing hepatocytes out of all hepatocytes, whereas the magnetic resonance-determined proton density fat fraction (PDFF) reflects the tissue triacylglycerol concentration. We investigated the linearity, agreement, and correspondence thresholds between histological steatosis and PDFF across the full clinical spectrum of liver fat content associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods Using individual patient-level measurements, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing histological steatosis with PDFF determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy or imaging in adults with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Linearity was assessed by meta-analysis of correlation coefficients and by linear mixed modelling of pooled data, agreement by Bland-Altman analysis, and thresholds by receiver operating characteristic analysis. To explain observed differences between the methods, we used RNA-seq to determine the fraction of hepatocytes in human liver biopsies. Results Eligible studies numbered 9 (N = 597). The relationship between PDFF and histology was predominantly linear (r = 0.85 [95% CI, 0.80-0.89]), and their values approximately coincided at 5% steatosis. Above 5% and towards higher levels of steatosis, absolute values of the methods diverged markedly, with histology exceeding PDFF by up to 3.4-fold. On average, 100% histological steatosis corresponded to a PDFF of 33.0% (29.5-36.7%). Targeting at a specificity of 90%, optimal PDFF thresholds to predict histological steatosis grades were ≥5.75% for ≥S1, ≥15.50% for ≥S2, and ≥21.35% for S3. Hepatocytes comprised 58 ± 5% of liver cells, which may partly explain the lower values of PDFF vs. histology. Conclusions Histological steatosis and PDFF have non-perfect linearity and fundamentally different scales of measurement. Liver fat values obtained using these methods may be rendered comparable by conversion equations or threshold values. Impact and implications Magnetic resonance-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is increasingly being used to measure liver fat in place of the invasive liver biopsy. Understanding the relationship between PDFF and histological steatosis fraction is important for preventing misjudgement of clinical status or treatment effects in patient care. Our analysis revealed that histological steatosis fraction is often significantly higher than PDFF, and their association varies across the spectrum of fatty liver severity. These findings are particularly important for physicians and clinical researchers, who may use these data to interpret PDFF measurements in the context of histologically evaluated liver fat content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Qadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Vartiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Lahelma
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porthan
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ilkay S. Idilman
- Liver Imaging Team, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jurgen H. Runge
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Juuti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne K. Penttilä
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Dabek
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina E. Lehtimäki
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenla Seppänen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Department of Gastroenterology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Musturay Karcaaltincaba
- Liver Imaging Team, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu D, Zhao H, Guo L, Liu X, Liang Y, Liu Q, Cao W, Chen X, Gao X. Fu Brick Tea as a Staple Food Supplement Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:4488. [PMID: 38137292 PMCID: PMC10743230 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT), a product of microbial fermentation from primary dark tea, also known as raw material tea (RMT), has been extensively studied for its functional properties. However, its potential as a staple food supplement for weight loss remains poorly understood. This study compared the weight loss effects of orlistat, traditional plain noodles (NN), and noodles supplemented with varying amounts of RMT (RMTN) and FBT (FBTN), with the aim to elucidate their lipid-reducing effects and underlying mechanisms. Experimental trials on high fat diet fed mice revealed significant weight loss, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects upon supplementation with orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN. Moreover, supplementation with orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN effectively restored serum and liver-related index levels, mitigating high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia. Additionally, these supplements ameliorated liver and kidney damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN exert their anti-obesity effects primarily by modulating genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses and through regulation of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Importantly, FBTN demonstrated a significantly stronger lipid-lowering effect compared to RMTN, particularly at higher tea addition ratios. In contrast, NN supplementation exhibited minimal to no weight loss effects. Based on these findings, it could be inferred that FBT holds promise as a staple food supplement to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daying Wu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lei Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiukun Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iannone V, Babu AF, Lok J, Gómez-Gallego C, D'Auria G, Vazquez-Uribe R, Vaaben TH, Bongers M, Mikkonen S, Vaittinen M, Tikkanen I, Kettunen M, Klåvus A, Sehgal R, Kaminska D, Pihlajamaki J, Hanhineva K, El-Nezami H, Sommer MOA, Kolehmainen M. Changes in liver metabolic pathways demonstrate efficacy of the combined dietary and microbial therapeutic intervention in MASLD mouse model. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101823. [PMID: 37839774 PMCID: PMC10618820 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most prevalent liver disease globally, yet no therapies are approved. The effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 expressing aldafermin, an engineered analog of the intestinal hormone FGF19, in combination with dietary change were investigated as a potential treatment for MASLD. METHODS MASLD was induced in C57BL/6J male mice by American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet and then switched to a standard chow diet for seven weeks. In addition to the dietary change, the intervention group received genetically engineered E. coli Nissle expressing aldafermin, while control groups received either E. coli Nissle vehicle or no treatment. MASLD-related plasma biomarkers were measured using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer. The liver steatosis was assessed by histology and bioimaging analysis using Fiji (ImageJ) software. The effects of the intervention in the liver were also evaluated by RNA sequencing and liquid-chromatography-based non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Pathway enrichment studies were conducted by integrating the differentially expressed genes from the transcriptomics findings with the metabolites from the metabolomics results using Ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS After the intervention, E. coli Nissle expressing aldafermin along with dietary changes reduced body weight, liver steatosis, plasma aspartate aminotransferase, and plasma cholesterol levels compared to the two control groups. The integration of transcriptomics with non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed the downregulation of amino acid metabolism and related receptor signaling pathways potentially implicated in the reduction of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Moreover, the downregulation of pathways linked to lipid metabolism and changes in amino acid-related pathways suggested an overall reduction of oxidative stress in the liver. CONCLUSIONS These data support the potential for using engineered microbial therapeutics in combination with dietary changes for managing MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO, 46020 Valencia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Troels Holger Vaaben
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mareike Bongers
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- University Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ida Tikkanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kettunen
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ratika Sehgal
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamaki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland; University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Area, School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paklar N, Mijic M, Filipec-Kanizaj T. The Outcomes of Liver Transplantation in Severe Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3096. [PMID: 38002096 PMCID: PMC10669065 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in the population can lead to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In Western industrialized countries, this has become a major problem with significant socioeconomic impacts. MASH is now a leading cause of liver transplantation (LT), especially in developed countries. However, the post-transplant outcomes of such patients are a major concern, and published data are limited and extremely variable. In this article, we discuss graft and patient survival after LT, complications, the recurrence of MASH, and MASH appearing de novo after transplantation. Recent studies suggest that patients with MASH have slightly worse short-term survival, potentially due to increased cardiovascular mortality. However, most studies found that longer-term outcomes for patients undergoing LT for MASH are similar or even better than those for other indications. Hepatocellular carcinoma due to MASH cirrhosis also has similar or even better outcomes after LT than other etiologies. In conclusion, we suggest questions and topics that require further research to enhance healthcare for this growing patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Paklar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Mijic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Filipec-Kanizaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen S, Pang J, Huang R, You Y, Zhang H, Xue H, Chen X. Associations of Macronutrients Intake With MRI-determined Hepatic Fat Content, Hepatic Fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1660-e1669. [PMID: 37290038 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of management in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and different aspects of NAFLD pathology are unclear and dietary recommendations for NAFLD are lacking. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary macronutrient composition with hepatic steatosis, hepatic fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 12 620 UK Biobank participants who completed both the dietary questionnaire and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were included in this study. Dietary consumption of macronutrient was self-reported and calculated. MRI-determined hepatic fat content, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD were estimated. RESULTS First, we found that saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was associated with higher hepatic steatosis, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD prevalence. In contrast, higher fiber or protein intake was reversely correlated with hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation. Interestingly, starch or sugar intake was significantly associated with hepatic fibroinflammation, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake was negatively correlated with hepatic fibroinflammation. Isocaloric analysis revealed that replacing SFA with sugar, fiber, or protein was significantly associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis, while replacing starch, sugar, or SFA with protein or MUFA was significantly correlated with a decrease in hepatic fibroinflammation. CONCLUSION Overall, our results demonstrate that specific macronutrients are associated with different aspects of NAFLD, and specific dietary compositions should be recommended for distinct NAFLD-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bosselmann EA, Engel B, Hartleben B, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Maasoumy B, Potthoff A, Zender S, Taubert R. Prospective comparison of liver stiffness measurement methods in surveillance biopsies after liver transplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1148195. [PMID: 38993851 PMCID: PMC11235307 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1148195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) have proven useful for non-invasive detection of fibrosis. Previous studies of LSMs after transplantation were performed in cohorts dominated by hepatitis C reinfections and indication biopsies for the evaluation of graft dysfunction. However, the diagnostic fidelity of LSMs for fibrosis is biased by inflammation e.g., during replicative hepatitis C or rejection. Materials and methods The current study aimed for a head-to-head comparison of two different LSMs, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and transient elastography (TE), and a determination of cut-off values for the detection of advanced fibrosis (any LAF score component ≥2) in grafts undergoing surveillance biopsies (svLbx) without recurrent hepatitis C. Results 103 svLbx were paired with valid LSMs at time of biopsy. AUROC analyses showed significant positive correlation with fibrosis for both methods (TE: AUROC = 0.819 (p < 0.001; 95%CI: 0.717-0.921); ARFI: AUROC = 0.771 (p = 0.001; 95%CI: 0.652-0.890). Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts for both LSM methods. Cut-off values were determined at 1.29 m/s (ARFI) and at 7.5 kPa (TE) in training cohorts. Sensitivity and specificity in training and validation cohorts were: TE: SEN 0.818 and 0.5; SPE 0.742 and 0.885; ARFI: SEN 0.818 and 1.0; SPE 0.75 and 0.586. LSMs were not associated with BANFF criteria for relevant graft injury. Conclusion LSM is a good non-invasive tool to screen for advanced graft fibrosis but not for relevant graft injury in patients with (near) normal liver enzymes. Fibrosis cut-off values identified and validated in svLbx were lower than in previous cohorts using indication biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Bosselmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Potthoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steffen Zender
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kashyap I, Deb R, Battineni A, Nagotu S. Acyl CoA oxidase: from its expression, structure, folding, and import to its role in human health and disease. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1247-1260. [PMID: 37555868 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
β-oxidation of fatty acids is an important metabolic pathway and is a shared function between mitochondria and peroxisomes in mammalian cells. On the other hand, peroxisomes are the sole site for the degradation of fatty acids in yeast. The first reaction of this pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme acyl CoA oxidase housed in the matrix of peroxisomes. Studies in various model organisms have reported the conserved function of the protein in fatty acid oxidation. The importance of this enzyme is highlighted by the lethal conditions caused in humans due to its altered function. In this review, we discuss various aspects ranging from gene expression, structure, folding, and import of the protein in both yeast and human cells. Further, we highlight recent findings on the role of the protein in human health and aging, and discuss the identified mutations in the protein associated with debilitating conditions in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Kashyap
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhigna Battineni
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baek EB, Lee J, Hwang JH, Park H, Lee BS, Kim YB, Jun SY, Her J, Son HY, Cho JW. Application of multiple-finding segmentation utilizing Mask R-CNN-based deep learning in a rat model of drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17555. [PMID: 37845356 PMCID: PMC10579263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents significant diagnostic challenges, and recently artificial intelligence-based deep learning technology has been used to predict various hepatic findings. In this study, we trained a set of Mask R-CNN-based deep algorithms to learn and quantify typical toxicant induced-histopathological lesions, portal area, and connective tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. We compared a set of single-finding models (SFMs) and a combined multiple-finding model (MFM) for their ability to simultaneously detect, classify, and quantify multiple hepatic findings on rat liver slide images. All of the SFMs yielded mean average precision (mAP) values above 85%, suggesting that the models had been successfully established. The MFM showed better performance than the SFMs, with a total mAP value of 92.46%. We compared the model predictions for slide images with ground-truth annotations generated by an accredited pathologist. For the MFM, the overall and individual finding predictions were highly correlated with the annotated areas, with R-squared values of 0.852, 0.952, 0.999, 0.990, and 0.958 being obtained for portal area, infiltration, necrosis, vacuolation, and connective tissue (including fibrosis), respectively. Our results indicate that the proposed MFM could be a useful tool for detecting and predicting multiple hepatic findings in basic non-clinical study settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Her
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang W, Lang R. Macrophage metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257596. [PMID: 37868954 PMCID: PMC10586316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory and often progressive subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have emerged as significant contributors to hepatic morbidity worldwide. The pathophysiology of NAFLD/NASH is multifaceted, variable, and remains incompletely understood. The pivotal role of liver-resident and recruited macrophages in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH is widely acknowledged as a crucial factor in innate immunity. The remarkable plasticity of macrophages enables them to assume diverse activation and polarization states, dictated by their immunometabolism microenvironment and functional requirements. Recent studies in the field of immunometabolism have elucidated that alterations in the metabolic profile of macrophages can profoundly influence their activation state and functionality, thereby influencing various pathological processes. This review primarily focuses on elucidating the polarization and activation states of macrophages, highlighting the correlation between their metabolic characteristics and the transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Additionally, we explore the potential of targeting macrophage metabolism as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mahyoub MA, Elhoumed M, Maqul AH, Almezgagi M, Abbas M, Jiao Y, Wang J, Alnaggar M, Zhao P, He S. Fatty infiltration of the pancreas: a systematic concept analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1227188. [PMID: 37809324 PMCID: PMC10556874 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1227188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty infiltration of the pancreas (FIP) has been recognized for nearly a century, yet many aspects of this condition remain unclear. Regular literature reviews on the diagnosis, consequences, and management of FIP are crucial. This review article highlights the various disorders for which FIP has been established as a risk factor, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula (PF), metabolic syndrome (MS), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as the new investigation tools. Given the interdisciplinary nature of FIP research, a broad range of healthcare specialists are involved. This review article covers key aspects of FIP, including nomenclature and definition of pancreatic fat infiltration, history and epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, clinical consequences, and treatment. This review is presented in a detailed narrative format for accessibility to clinicians and medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mueataz A. Mahyoub
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Digestive Diseases (Oncology) of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Abdulfatah Hassan Maqul
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sahan Diagnostic Center, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Maged Almezgagi
- The Key Laboratory of High-altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Department of Immunology, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Mustafa Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mohammed Alnaggar
- Department of Oncology, South Hubei Cancer Hospital, Xianning, Hubei, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Digestive Diseases (Oncology) of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barghchi H, Milkarizi N, Belyani S, Norouzian Ostad A, Askari VR, Rajabzadeh F, Goshayeshi L, Ghelichi Kheyrabadi SY, Razavidarmian M, Dehnavi Z, Sobhani SR, Nematy M. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract ameliorates metabolic syndrome risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Nutr J 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 37605174 PMCID: PMC10464300 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome (MS)-related liver disorder that has an increasing prevalence. Thus, the aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PP) supplementation on hepatic status and metabolic syndrome risk factors. METHODS In phase one, the hydro-alcoholic extraction of the peel of 750 kg of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was performed by the soaking method. Then, in phase two, NAFLD patients received 1500 mg of placebo (n = 37) or pomegranate peel capsules (n = 39) with a 500-kcal deficit diet for 8 weeks. Gastrointestinal intolerance, dietary intake, lipid and glycemic profiles, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body composition, insulin resistance indexes, and elastography-evaluated NAFLD changes were followed. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 43.1 ± 8.6 years (51.3% female). Following the intervention, the mean body weight (mean changes: -5.10 ± 2.30 kg), waist circumference (-7.57 ± 2.97 cm), body mass index (-1.82 ± 0.85 kg/m2), body fat index (-1.49 ± 0.86), and trunk fat (- 3.93 ± 3.07%), systolic (-0.63 ± 0.29 cmHg) and diastolic (-0.39 ± 0.19 cmHg) blood pressure, total cholesterol (-10.51 ± 0.77 mg/dl), triglyceride (-16.02 ± 1.7 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.33 ± 6.66 mg/dl; all P < 0.001), fat free mass (- 0.92 ± 0.90 kg; P < 0.003), and fasting blood sugar (-5.28 ± 1.36 mg/dl; P = 0.02) decreased significantly in PP in contrast to the placebo group in the raw model and when adjusted for confounders. Also, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.10 ± 0.36 mg/dl), liver steatosis and stiffness (- 0.30 ± 0.17 and - 0.72 ± 0.35 kPa, respectively, all P < 0.001) improved in the PP group. However, fasting insulin (P = 0.81) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.93) were not significantly different when comparing two groups during the study in the raw and even adjusted models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 1500 mg pomegranate peel extract along with a weight-loss diet improved metabolic syndrome risk factors and reduced hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD after 8 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Milkarizi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Belyani
- Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Andisheh Norouzian Ostad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnood Rajabzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Razavidarmian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehnavi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Reza Sobhani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Korn A, Nadeem C, Bos EN, Niessen HWM, Simsek S, Krijnen PAJ. Hepatic Fat and Macrophages Are Increased in Livers of Diabetic Patients without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Pathobiology 2023; 90:409-416. [PMID: 37315545 DOI: 10.1159/000531542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2, is strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies indicate that particularly in DM patients, "simple" liver steatosis can progress into more severe disease. However, little is known about putative hepatic histopathological changes in DM patients without NAFLD. In this study, we therefore analysed fat content and inflammatory cell infiltration in the livers of deceased DM and non-DM patients without NAFLD, and analysed age/sex effects hereon. METHODS Hepatic fat and inflammatory cells were studied through (immuno)histochemical analysis in liver tissue from 24 DM patients and 66 non-diabetic controls, without histopathological characteristics of NAFLD. RESULTS We observed a 2-fold increase in fat percentage/mm2 and a near 5-fold increase in the number of fat-containing cells/mm2 in DM patients compared to non-diabetic controls. Fat content was significantly higher in patients with type 2 DM, but not type 1 DM, compared to non-diabetic controls, while the number of CD68+ cells/mm2 was significantly elevated in both DM groups. CONCLUSION Hepatic fat and number of macrophages are increased in patients with DM without NAFLD, which may reflect a higher risk on development of steatosis and steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Korn
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cacharel Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma N Bos
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, AUMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suat Simsek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, AUMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novi S, Vestuto V, Campiglia P, Tecce N, Bertamino A, Tecce MF. Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Compounds in Diet-Associated Hepatic Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:2748. [PMID: 37375652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the most common causes of chronic liver disease and are increasingly emerging as a global health problem. Such disorders can lead to liver damage, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of infiltrating immune cells. These are some of the common features of ALD progression in ASH (alcoholic steatohepatitis) and NAFLD to NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Hepatic steatosis, followed by fibrosis, lead to a continuous progression accompanied by angiogenesis. This process creates hypoxia, which activates vascular factors, initiating pathological angiogenesis and further fibrosis. This forms a vicious cycle of ongoing damage and progression. This condition further exacerbates liver injury and may contribute to the development of comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic therapy may have beneficial effects on these hepatic disorders and their exacerbation. Therefore, there is a great interest to deepen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of natural anti-angiogenic products that could both prevent and control liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of major natural anti-angiogenic compounds against steatohepatitis and determine their potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of liver inflammation caused by an imbalanced diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Tecce
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Zhong W, Li X, Shen F, Ma X, Yang Q, Hong S, Sun Y. Diets, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:268-284. [PMID: 37325710 PMCID: PMC10260722 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms, estimated trillions of them, which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients. In the past decades, the new generation 'omics' (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals, populations and even different time points within the same subjects. With massive efforts made, it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population, whose composition is influenced by the hosts' health conditions and lifestyles. Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota. The components in the diets vary in different countries, religions, and populations. Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota. The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neural diseases, and more. This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and their effects on the host's metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442001 Hubei China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li M, Cheng D, Peng C, Huang Y, Geng J, Huang G, Wang T, Xu A. Therapeutic mechanisms of the medicine and food homology formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on glucolipid metabolic dysfunction revealed by transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in mice. Chin Med 2023; 18:57. [PMID: 37202792 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the prevalence of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has increased dramatically, causing great public health and economic burdens worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as an effective therapeutic choice. Xiao-Ke-Yin (XKY) is a medicine and food homology TCM formula consisting of nine "medicine and food homology" herbs and is used to ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and NAFLD. However, despite its therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders, the underlying mechanisms of this TCM remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of XKY on glucolipid metabolism dysfunction and explore the potential mechanisms in db/db mice. METHODS To verify the effects of XKY, db/db mice were treated with different concentrations of XKY (5.2, 2.6 and 1.3 g/kg/d) and metformin (0.2 g/kg/d, a hypoglycemic positive control) for 6 weeks, respectively. During this study, we detected the body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), daily food intake and water intake. At the end of the animal experiment, blood samples, feces, liver and intestinal tissue of mice in all groups were collected. The potential mechanisms were investigated by using hepatic RNA sequencing, 16 S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS XKY efficiently mitigated hyperglycemia, IR, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and hepatic pathological injury in a dose dependent manner. Mechanistically, hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that XKY treatment significantly reversed the upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Additionally, XKY administration maintained intestinal epithelial homeostasis, modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and regulated its metabolites. In particular, XKY decreased secondary bile acid producing bacteria (Clostridia and Lachnospircaeae) and lowered fecal secondary bile acid (lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)) levels to promote hepatic bile acid synthesis by inhibiting the LCA/DCA-FXR-FGF15 signalling pathway. Furthermore, XKY regulated amino acid metabolism including arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism likely by increasing Bacilli, Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreasing Clostridia, Lachnospircaeae, Tannerellaceae and Parabacteroides abundances. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings demonstrate that XKY is a promising "medicine food homology" formula for ameliorating glucolipid metabolism and reveal that the therapeutic effects of XKY may due to its downregulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and modulation of the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Inia JA, Stokman G, Morrison MC, Worms N, Verschuren L, Caspers MPM, Menke AL, Petitjean L, Chen L, Petitjean M, Jukema JW, Princen HMG, van den Hoek AM. Semaglutide Has Beneficial Effects on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108494. [PMID: 37239841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an antidiabetic medication that has recently been approved for the treatment of obesity as well. Semaglutide is postulated to be a promising candidate for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice received a fast-food diet (FFD) for 25 weeks, followed by another 12 weeks on FFD with daily subcutaneous injections of semaglutide or vehicle (control). Plasma parameters were evaluated, livers and hearts were examined, and hepatic transcriptome analysis was performed. In the liver, semaglutide significantly reduced macrovesicular steatosis (-74%, p < 0.001) and inflammation (-73%, p < 0.001) and completely abolished microvesicular steatosis (-100%, p < 0.001). Histological and biochemical assessment of hepatic fibrosis showed no significant effects of semaglutide. However, digital pathology revealed significant improvements in the degree of collagen fiber reticulation (-12%, p < 0.001). Semaglutide did not affect atherosclerosis relative to controls. Additionally, we compared the transcriptome profile of FFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice with a human gene set that differentiates human NASH patients with severe fibrosis from those with mild fibrosis. In FFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden control mice, this gene set was upregulated as well, while semaglutide predominantly reversed this gene expression. Using a translational model with advanced NASH, we demonstrated that semaglutide is a promising candidate with particular potential for the treatment of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, while for the reversal of advanced fibrosis, combinations with other NASH agents may be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Inia
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geurt Stokman
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Li Chen
- PharmaNest Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - J Wouter Jukema
- Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Esparza J, Shrestha U, Kleiner DE, Crawford JM, Vanatta J, Satapathy S, Tipirneni-Sajja A. Automated Segmentation and Morphological Characterization of Hepatic Steatosis and Correlation with Histopathology. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:468-478. [PMID: 37250872 PMCID: PMC10213977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased to 25% of the world population. Hepatic steatosis is a hallmark feature of NAFLD and is assessed histologically using visual and ordinal fat grading criteria (0-3) from the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network (CRN) scoring system. The purpose of this study is to automatically segment and extract morphological characteristics and distributions of fat droplets (FDs) on liver histology images and find associations with severity of steatosis. Methods A previously published human cohort of 68 NASH candidates was graded for steatosis by an experienced pathologist using the Fat CRN grading system. The automated segmentation algorithm quantified fat fraction (FF) and fat-affected hepatocyte ratio (FHR), extracted fat morphology by calculating radius and circularity of FDs, and examined FDs distribution and heterogeneity using nearest neighbor distance and regional isotropy. Results Regression analysis and Spearman correlation (ρ) yielded high correlations for radius (R2 = 0.86, ρ = 0.72), nearest neighbor distance (R2 = 0.82, ρ = -0.82), regional isotropy (R2 = 0.84, ρ = 0.74), and FHR (R2 = 0.90, ρ = 0.85), and low correlation for circularity (R2 = 0.48, ρ = -0.32) with FF and pathologist grades, respectively. FHR showed a better distinction between pathologist Fat CRN grades compared to conventional FF measurements, making it a potential surrogate measure for Fat CRN scores. Our results showed variation in distribution of morphological features and steatosis heterogeneity within the same patient's biopsy sample as well as between patients of similar FF. Conclusions The fat percentage measurements, specific morphological characteristics, and patterns of distribution quantified with the automated segmentation algorithm showed associations with steatosis severity; however, future studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of these steatosis features in progression of NAFLD and NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Esparza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Utsav Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute to Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James M. Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jason Vanatta
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanjaya Satapathy
- Liver Transplantation, North Shore University Hospital/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Inia JA, Stokman G, Pieterman EJ, Morrison MC, Menke AL, Verschuren L, Caspers MPM, Giera M, Jukema JW, van den Hoek AM, Princen HMG. Atorvastatin Attenuates Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in APOE*3-Leiden Mice by Reducing Hepatic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097818. [PMID: 37175538 PMCID: PMC10178767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome are often prescribed statins to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, data on their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are lacking. We evaluated these effects by feeding APOE*3-Leiden mice a Western-type diet (WTD) with or without atorvastatin to induce NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Besides the well-known plasma cholesterol lowering (-30%) and anti-atherogenic effects (severe lesion size -48%), atorvastatin significantly reduced hepatic steatosis (-22%), the number of aggregated inflammatory cells in the liver (-80%) and hepatic fibrosis (-92%) compared to WTD-fed mice. Furthermore, atorvastatin-treated mice showed less immunohistochemically stained areas of inflammation markers. Atorvastatin prevented accumulation of free cholesterol in the form of cholesterol crystals (-78%). Cholesterol crystals are potent inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and atorvastatin prevented its activation, which resulted in reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (-61%) and IL-18 (-26%). Transcriptome analysis confirmed strong reducing effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory mediators, including NLRP3, NFκB and TLR4. The present study demonstrates that atorvastatin reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis and prevents cholesterol crystal formation, thereby precluding NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This may render atorvastatin treatment as an attractive approach to reduce NAFLD and prevent progression into NASH in dyslipidemic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Inia
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geurt Stokman
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ma DW, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kang I, Choi TG, Kim SS. Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:2068. [PMID: 37432213 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes with low alcohol consumption. The development of sterile inflammation, which occurs in response to a range of cellular stressors or injuries, has been identified as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of NAFLD reported the newly developed roles of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are placed in the infiltrated neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, or Kupffer cells. DAMPs cause the activation of PRRs, which triggers a number of immunological responses, including the generation of cytokines that promote inflammation and the localization of immune cells to the site of the damage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of DAMPs and PRRs on the development of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Turkseven S, Turato C, Villano G, Ruvoletto M, Guido M, Bolognesi M, Pontisso P, Di Pascoli M. Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040971. [PMID: 37107346 PMCID: PMC10135482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. NAFLD can evolve from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately, to cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress, promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction, play a crucial role in the onset and development of NASH. To date, no therapy has been approved for NAFLD and NASH. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the anti-inflammatory activity of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effect of mitoquinone could hinder the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice, fatty liver was induced through the administration of a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet. Two experimental groups were treated orally with ASA or mitoquinone. Histopathologic evaluation of steatosis and inflammation was performed; the hepatic expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis was evaluated; the protein expression of IL-10, cyclooxygenase 2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1 in the liver was analyzed; a quantitative analysis of 15-epi-lipoxin A4 in liver homogenates was performed. Mitoquinone and ASA significantly reduced liver steatosis and inflammation by decreasing the expression of TNFα, IL-6, Serpinb3, and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and restoring the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Treatment with mitoquinone and ASA increased the gene and protein expression of antioxidants, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1, and decreased the expression of profibrogenic genes. ASA normalized the levels of 15-epi-Lipoxin A4. In mice fed with a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet, mitoquinone and ASA reduce steatosis and necroinflammation and may represent two effective novel strategies for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Turkseven
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Cristian Turato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Villano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences-DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ruvoletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Pathology ULSS2, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Massimo Bolognesi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Pascoli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amorim R, Magalhães CC, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Teixeira J. From Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Story of (Mal)Adapted Mitochondria. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040595. [PMID: 37106795 PMCID: PMC10135755 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic affecting 25% of the world's population and is a serious health and economic concern worldwide. NAFLD is mainly the result of unhealthy dietary habits combined with sedentary lifestyle, although some genetic contributions to NAFLD have been documented. NAFLD is characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes and encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), significant liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanisms that cause the progression of steatosis to severe liver damage are not fully understood, metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify mitochondria formation through biogenesis or the opposite processes of fission and fusion and fragmentation. In NAFL, simple steatosis can be seen as an adaptive response to storing lipotoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) as inert TGs due to chronic perturbation in lipid metabolism and lipotoxic insults. However, when liver hepatocytes' adaptive mechanisms are overburdened, lipotoxicity occurs, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, reduction in mitochondrial quality, and disrupted mitochondrial function are associated with a decrease in the energy levels and impaired redox balance and negatively affect mitochondria hepatocyte tolerance towards damaging hits. However, the sequence of events underlying mitochondrial failure from steatosis to hepatocarcinoma is still yet to be fully clarified. This review provides an overview of our understanding of mitochondrial adaptation in initial NAFLD stages and highlights how hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and heterogeneity contribute to disease pathophysiology progression, from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Improving our understanding of different aspects of hepatocytes' mitochondrial physiology in the context of disease development and progression is crucial to improving diagnosis, management, and therapy of NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina C Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Régnier M, Carbinatti T, Parlati L, Benhamed F, Postic C. The role of ChREBP in carbohydrate sensing and NAFLD development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:336-349. [PMID: 37055547 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption and defective glucose sensing by hepatocytes contribute to the development of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates into lipids is largely dependent on the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), a transcription factor that senses intracellular carbohydrates and activates many different target genes, through the activation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). This process is crucial for the storage of energy as triglycerides in hepatocytes. Furthermore, ChREBP and its downstream targets represent promising targets for the development of therapies for the treatment of NAFLD and T2DM. Although lipogenic inhibitors (for example, inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase or ATP citrate lyase) are currently under investigation, targeting lipogenesis remains a topic of discussion for NAFLD treatment. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms that regulate ChREBP activity in a tissue-specific manner and their respective roles in controlling DNL and beyond. We also provide in-depth discussion of the roles of ChREBP in the onset and progression of NAFLD and consider emerging targets for NAFLD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Thaïs Carbinatti
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Parlati
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsai HJ, Hung WC, Hung WW, Lee YJ, Chen YC, Lee CY, Tsai YC, Dai CY. Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071712. [PMID: 37049552 PMCID: PMC10097193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD has been related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the relationship between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NAFLD severity is ambiguous in T2D subjects. This study aimed to explore the association of SCFAs with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. (2) Methods: We employed echography to examine the severity of hepatic steatosis. The serum levels of nine SCFAs, namely, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, methylbutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and methylvalerate, were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. (3) Results: A total of 259 T2D patients was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Of these participants, 117 with moderate to severe NAFLD had lower levels of formate, isobutyrate, and methylbutyrate than the 142 without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. Lower circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were associated with an increased severity of NAFLD. A relationship between NAFLD severity and circulating isobutyrate and methylbutyrate levels was found independently of a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level of 7.0%. (4) Conclusion: Circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were significantly and negatively correlated with NAFLD severity in the enrolled T2D patients. SCFAs may be related to NAFLD severity in T2D patients.
Collapse
|
39
|
Risk Factors of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Iranian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon-131523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is progressing considerably worldwide. Identifying the risk factors of NAFLD is a critical step in preventing its progression. Methods: In November 2022, two independent researchers studied seven databases, including PubMed, ISI/WoS, ProQuest, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, and reference list of relevant articles, searching studies that assessed NAFLD risk factors in the Iranian adult population. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran’s test and its composition using I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. Egger’s regression test and Trim-and-Fill analysis were used to assess publication bias. Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (version 3) was used for the analyses of the present study. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between NAFLD with age [n = 15, odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.79 - 2.51], body mass index (n = 46, OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 3.34 - 7.49), waist circumference (n = 20, OR = 6.37, 95% CI: 3.25 - 12.48), waist-to-hip ratio (n = 17, OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.93 - 5.66), total cholesterol (n = 39, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52 - 2.13), high-density lipoprotein (n = 37, OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.65), low-density lipoprotein (n = 31, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38 - 2.05), triglyceride (n = 31, OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.67 - 3.87), alanine aminotransferase (n = 26, OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.94 - 5.62), aspartate aminotransferase (n = 27, OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.50 - 3.12), hypertension (n = 13, OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.32 - 2.77), systolic blood pressure (n = 13, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.18), diastolic blood pressure (n = 14, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.48 - 2.20), fasting blood sugar (n = 31,OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.11- 4.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (n = 5, OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.48 - 2.59), diabetes mellitus (n = 15, OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.46 - 3.75), metabolic syndrome (n = 10, OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.79 - 4.55), and physical activity (n = 11, OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24 - 0.43) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, several factors are significantly associated with NAFLD. However, anthropometric indices had the strongest relationship with NAFLD in the Iranian adult population.
Collapse
|
40
|
Iannone V, Lok J, Babu AF, Gómez-Gallego C, Willman RM, Koistinen VM, Klåvus A, Kettunen MI, Kårlund A, Schwab U, Hanhineva K, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Associations of altered hepatic gene expression in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet-fed mice with metabolic changes during NAFLD development and progression. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109307. [PMID: 36868506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis remains poorly understood due to the complex metabolic and inflammatory changes in the liver. This study aimed to elucidate hepatic events related to inflammation and lipid metabolism and their linkage with metabolic alterations during NAFLD in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet-fed mice. Forty-eight C57BL/6J male mice were fed with ALIOS diet (n=24) or control chow diet (n=24) for 8, 12, and 16 weeks. At the end of each timepoint, eight mice were sacrificed where plasma and liver were collected. Hepatic fat accumulation was followed using magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed with histology. Further, targeted gene expression and non-targeted metabolomics analysis were conducted. Our results showed higher hepatic steatosis, body weight, energy consumption, and liver mass in ALIOS diet-fed mice compared to control mice. ALIOS diet altered expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfa and IL-6) and lipid metabolism (Cd36, Fasn, Scd1, Cpt1a, and Ppara). Metabolomics analysis indicated decrease of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids such as LPE(20:5) and LPC(20:5) with increase of other lipid species such as LPI(16:0) and LPC(16:2) and peptides such as alanyl-phenylalanine and glutamyl-arginine. We further observed novel correlations between different metabolites including sphingolipid, lysophospholipids, peptides, and bile acid with inflammation, lipid uptake and synthesis. Together with the reduction of antioxidant metabolites and gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to NAFLD development and progression. The combination of non-targeted metabolomics with gene expression in future studies can further identify key metabolic routes during NAFLD which could be the targets of potential novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosa Maria Willman
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Mikael Koistinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Kårlund
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mburu AN, Laving A, Macharia WM, Sande J. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children seeking ambulatory healthcare in Nairobi, Kenya. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:bmjgast-2022-001044. [PMID: 36796875 PMCID: PMC9936283 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While linked to obesity and associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an often-asymptomatic cause of chronic liver disease in children. Early detection provides opportunity for interventions to curb progression. Childhood obesity is on the rise in low/middle-income countries, but cause-specific mortality data associated with liver disease are scanty. Establishing the prevalence of NAFLD in overweight and obese Kenyan children would guide in public health policies aimed at early screening and intervention. OBJECTIVES To investigate prevalence of NAFLD in overweight and obese children aged 6-18 years using liver ultrasonography. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional survey. After obtaining informed consent, a questionnaire was administered, and blood pressure (BP) measured. Liver ultrasonography was performed to assess fatty changes. Categorical variables were analysed using frequency and percentages. χ2 test and multiple logistic regression model were used to determine relationship between exposure and outcome variables. RESULTS Prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% (27/103, 95% CI=18.0% to 35.8%). There was no association between sex and NAFLD (OR1.13, p=0.82; 95% CI=0.4 to 3.2). Obese children were four times more likely to have NAFLD compared with overweight children (OR=4.52, p=0.02; 95% CI=1.4 to 19.0). About 40.8% (n=41) had elevated BP, but there was no association with NAFLD (OR=2.06; p=0.27; 95% CI=0.6 to 7.6). Older children (13-18 years) were more likely to have NAFLD (OR 4.42; p=0.03; 95% CI=1.2 to 17.9). CONCLUSION Prevalence of NAFLD was high in overweight and obese school children in Nairobi. Further studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors to arrest progression and prevent sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Njeri Mburu
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ahmed Laving
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya,Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - William M Macharia
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Sande
- Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Luo Y, Woodie LN, Graff EC, Zhang J, Fowler S, Wang X, Wang X, O'Neill AM, Greene MW. Role of liquid fructose/sucrose in regulating the hepatic transcriptome in a high-fat Western diet model of NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109174. [PMID: 36280127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the most common chronic liver disease. Yet, the molecular mechanisms for the progression of steatosis to NASH remain largely undiscovered. Thus, there is a need for identifying specific gene and pathway changes that drive the progression of NAFLD. This study uses high-fat Western diet (HFWD) together with liquid sugar [fructose and sucrose (F/S)] feeding for 12 weeks in mice to induce obesity and examine hepatic transcriptomic changes that occur in NAFLD progression. The combination of a HFWD+F/S in the drinking water exacerbated HFWD-induced obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and human and murine fibrosis gene set enrichment that is consistent with progression to NASH. RNAseq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with HFWD and HFWD+F/S dietary treatments compared to Chow-fed mice. However, liquid sugar consumption resulted in a unique set of hepatic DEGs in HFWD+F/S-fed mice, which were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades using network and biological analysis. Cluster analysis identified Orosomucoid (ORM) as a HFWD+F/S upregulated complement and coagulation cascades gene that was also upregulated in hepatocytes treated with TNFα or free fatty acids in combination with hypoxia. ORM expression was found to correlate with NAFLD parameters in obese mice. Taken together, this study examined key genes, biological processes, and pathway changes in the liver of HFWD+F/S mice in an effort to provide insight into the molecular basis for which the addition of liquid sugar promotes the progression of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily C Graff
- Department of Pathobiology; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen S, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhen M, Huang X. N-end Rule-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of ATGL Promotes Lipid Storage. Diabetes 2023; 72:210-222. [PMID: 36346641 PMCID: PMC9871197 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lipid storage is regulated by the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis. The rate-limiting triglyceride hydrolase ATGL (desnutrin/PNPLA2) is critical for lipolysis. The control of ATGL transcription, localization, and activation has been intensively studied, while regulation of the protein stability of ATGL is much less explored. In this study, we showed that the protein stability of ATGL is regulated by the N-end rule in cultured cells and in mice. The N-end rule E3 ligases UBR1 and UBR2 reduce the level of ATGL and affect lipid storage. The N-end rule-resistant ATGL(F2A) mutant, in which the N-terminal phenylalanine (F) of ATGL is substituted by alanine (A), has increased protein stability and enhanced lipolysis activity. ATGLF2A/F2A knock-in mice are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Hepatic knockdown of Ubr1 attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing the ATGL level. Finally, the protein levels of UBR1 and ATGL are negatively correlated in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Our study reveals N-end rule-mediated proteasomal regulation of ATGL, a finding that may potentially be beneficial for treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Jiesi Xu, , and Xun Huang,
| | - Zhenglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld–Tanebaum Research Institute, Departments of Molecular Genetics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors: Jiesi Xu, , and Xun Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Relationship of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 2023:5521239. [PMID: 36742347 PMCID: PMC9891807 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5521239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have become increasingly recognized, both of which affect human health globally. The association of H. pylori infection with NAFLD remains unclear. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Only a random-effects model was used. Odds ratios (ORs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the combined estimates of raw data. Adjusted ORs (aORs) and hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for the combined estimates of data adjusted for confounders. Results Thirty-four studies with 218573 participants were included. Based on unadjusted data from 26 cross-sectional studies and 3 case-control studies, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.17-1.36, P < 0.001). Based on adjusted data from 15 cross-sectional studies and 1 case-control study, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08-1.44, P < 0.001). Compared with control subjects without NAFLD, patients with moderate (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.17-2.39, P = 0.005) and severe (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.30-2.24, P < 0.001) NAFLD, but not those with mild NAFLD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.9-1.45, P = 0.286), had significantly higher proportions of H. pylori infection. The association of H. pylori infection with the occurrence of NAFLD was statistically significant based on adjusted data from 3 cohort studies (aHR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.34, P = 0.007), but not based on unadjusted data from 3 cohort studies (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.80-2.48, P = 0.237). Conclusion H. pylori infection is associated with NAFLD, especially moderate and severe NAFLD. The impact of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of NAFLD should be further explored.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fernández-Tussy P, Sun J, Cardelo MP, Price NL, Goedeke L, Xirouchaki CE, Yang X, Pastor-Rojo O, Bennett AM, Tiganis T, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific miR-33 deletion attenuates NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.523503. [PMID: 36711578 PMCID: PMC9882318 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.523503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the multiple mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression remains a significant challenge for the development of effective therapeutics. miRNAs have shown great promise as regulators of biological processes and as therapeutic targets for complex diseases. Here, we study the role of hepatic miR-33, an important regulator of lipid metabolism, during the progression of NAFLD. We report that miR-33 is overexpressed in hepatocytes isolated from mice with NAFLD and demonstrate that its specific suppression in hepatocytes (miR-33 HKO ) improves multiple aspects of the disease, including insulin resistance, steatosis, and inflammation and limits the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, we find that hepatic miR-33 deficiency reduces lipid biosynthesis and promotes mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to reduce lipid burden in hepatocytes. Additionally, miR-33 deficiency improves mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress. In miR-33 deficient hepatocytes, we found an increase in AMPKα activation, which regulates several pathways resulting in the attenuation of liver disease. The reduction in lipid accumulation and liver injury resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of the YAP/TAZ pathway, which may be involved in the reduced progression to HCC in the HKO livers. Together, these results suggest suppressing hepatic miR-33 may be an effective therapeutic approach at different stages of NAFLD/NASH/HCC disease progression.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hojreh A, Lischka J, Tamandl D, Ramazanova D, Mulabdic A, Greber-Platzer S, Ba-Ssalamah A. Relative Enhancement in Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Liver MRI as an Imaging Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatric Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030558. [PMID: 36771265 PMCID: PMC9921256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Relative enhancement (RE) in gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI is a reliable, non-invasive method for the evaluation and differentiation between simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of RE in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) in unenhanced liver MRI and ultrasound (US) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) screening in pediatric obesity. Seventy-four liver US and MRIs from 68 pediatric patients (13.07 ± 2.95 years) with obesity (BMI > BMI-for-age + 2SD) were reviewed with regard to imaging biomarkers (liver size, volume, echogenicity, HFF, and RE in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRIs, and spleen size), blood biomarkers, and BMI. The agreement between the steatosis grade, according to HFF in MRI and the echogenicity in US, was moderate. Alanine aminotransferase correlated better with the imaging biomarkers in MRI than with those in US. BMI correlated better with liver size and volume on MRI than in US. In patients with RE < 1, blood biomarkers correlated better with RE than those in the whole sample, with a significant association between gamma-glutamyltransferase and RE (p = 0.033). In conclusion, the relative enhancement and hepatic fat fraction can be considered as non-invasive tools for the screening and follow-up of NAFLD in pediatric obesity, superior to echogenicity on ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hojreh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-48180
| | - Julia Lischka
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Tamandl
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dariga Ramazanova
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amra Mulabdic
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hepatic Transporters Alternations Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:1-10. [PMID: 36319903 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disorder and is usually accompanied by obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. NAFLD progression can lead to impaired functions of hepatocytes such as alternations in expression and function of hepatic transporters. The present study aimed to summarize and discuss the results of clinical and preclinical human studies that investigate the effect of NAFLD on hepatic transporters. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to 1 March 2022. The risk of bias was assessed for cross-sectional studies through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score. RESULTS Our review included ten cross-sectional studies consisting of 485 participants. Substantial alternations in hepatic transporters were seen during NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in comparison with control groups. A significant reduction in expression and function of several hepatic uptake transporters, upregulation of many efflux transporters, downregulation of cholesterol efflux transporters, and mislocalization of canalicular transporter ABCC2 are associated with NAFLD progression. CONCLUSION Since extensive changes in hepatic transporters could alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs and potentially affect the safety and efficacy of drugs, close monitoring of drug administration is highly suggested in patients with NASH.
Collapse
|
49
|
Heinzer K, Lang S, Farowski F, Wisplinghoff H, Vehreschild MJGT, Martin A, Nowag A, Kretzschmar A, Scholz CJ, Roderburg C, Mohr R, Tacke F, Kasper P, Goeser T, Steffen HM, Demir M. Dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratio is not associated with gut microbiota composition and disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res 2022; 107:12-25. [PMID: 36162275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that a high dietary ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids could be associated with an altered gut bacterial composition and with the disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 101 NAFLD patients were included in the study, of which 63 underwent a liver biopsy. All 101 patients completed a 14-day food and activity record. Ebispro 2016 professional software was used to calculate individual macronutrients and micronutrients consumed. Patients were grouped into 3 quantiles (Q) according to a low (Q1: <6.1, n = 34), moderate (Q2: 6.1-7.8, n = 33), or high (Q3: >7.8, n = 34) dietary n-6/n-3 ratio. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation coefficients and principal coordinate analysis were used to detect differences in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota. The median dietary n-6/n-3 ratio of all patients was 6.7 (range, 3.1-14.9). No significant associations between the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio and the gut microbiota composition or disease severity were observed. However, the abundance of specific bacteria such as Catenibacterium or Lactobacillus ruminis were found to be positively correlated and the abundance of Clostridium were negatively correlated with dietary n-6 fatty acid intake. The results indicate that a high dietary n-6/n-3 ratio is probably not a highly relevant factor in the pathogenesis of human NAFLD. Further studies are needed to clarify the importance of interactions between gut bacterial taxa and n-6 fatty acids in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Heinzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fedja Farowski
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn/Cologne; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hilmar Wisplinghoff
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Virology and Medical Microbiology, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn/Cologne; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Martin
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Nowag
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Kasper
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Steffen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiang S, Uddin MJ, Yu X, Piao L, Dorotea D, Oh GT, Ha H. Peroxisomal Fitness: A Potential Protective Mechanism of Fenofibrate against High Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:829-842. [PMID: 35746892 PMCID: PMC9723204 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing in association with the epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Peroxisomes are single membrane-enclosed organelles that play a role in the metabolism of lipid and reactive oxygen species. The present study examined the role of peroxisomes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD using fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal diet or HFD for 12 weeks, and fenofibrate (50 mg/kg/day) was orally administered along with the initiation of HFD. RESULTS HFD-induced liver injury as measured by increased alanine aminotransferase, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation was effectively prevented by fenofibrate. Fenofibrate significantly increased the expression of peroxisomal genes and proteins involved in peroxisomal biogenesis and function. HFD-induced attenuation of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation was also significantly restored by fenofibrate, demonstrating the functional significance of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. In Ppara deficient mice, fenofibrate failed to maintain peroxisomal biogenesis and function in HFD-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION The present data highlight the importance of PPARα-mediated peroxisomal fitness in the protective effect of fenofibrate against NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songling Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lingjuan Piao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|